in its Underlying Index, but which the Advisor believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. The Fund may also invest in one or more financial instruments, including but not limited to futures contracts and swap agreements (collectively, “Financial Instruments”).

Pursuant to the Underlying Index’s rules, to the extent there are an insufficient number of target companies in which to invest, insufficient liquidity exists in such companies, or target companies are removed from the Underlying Index between monthly reconstitutions, the Underlying Index will allocate the available cash to one or more short-term fixed income ETFs and U.S. Treasury bills. In seeking to track the Underlying Index, the Fund may similarly invest in short-term fixed income ETFs and U.S. Treasury bills, but also may invest in cash and other similar investments including money market instruments, high quality short-term debt securities, or derivative securities thereon. To the extent the Fund invests in cash and cash equivalents, the Fund will not be pursuing a merger arbitrage strategy. During periods of market turbulence, natural disasters, health emergencies and other market or political or regulatory conditions that reduce or limit merger, acquisition and buyout activity, there may be fewer target companies eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index and the Underlying Index and Fund may have significant investments in cash and other similar investments.

The Underlying Index may include as a component one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) and the Fund will typically invest in any Affiliated ETF included in the Underlying Index. The Fund also may invest in Affiliated ETFs that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

measures and/or financial loss. In addition, cyber security breaches of the securities issuers or the Fund’s third-party service providers can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Although the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed.

Debt Securities Risk

The risks of investing in debt securities include (without limitation): (i) credit risk, e.g., the issuer or guarantor of a debt security may be unable or unwilling (or be perceived as unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations; (ii) interest rate risk, e.g., when interest rates go up, the value of a debt security generally goes down, and when interest rates go down, the value of a debt security generally goes up; (iii) liquidity risk and valuation risk, e.g., debt securities generally do not trade on a securities exchange, making them generally less liquid and more difficult to value than common stock; (iv) call risk and income risk, e.g., during a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates; and (v) extension risk, e.g., if interest rates rise, repayments of debt securities may occur more slowly than anticipated by the market, which may drive the prices of these securities down because their interest rates are lower than the current interest rate and the securities remain outstanding longer. Debt securities most frequently trade in institutional round lot size transactions. If the Fund purchases bonds in amounts less than the institutional round lot size, which are frequently referred to as “odd” lots, the odd lot size positions may have more price volatility than institutional round lot size positions. The Fund uses a third-party pricing service to value bond holdings and the pricing service values bonds assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size.

Derivatives Risk

Derivatives are investments whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying instrument, such as a security, asset, reference rate or index and involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other investments. These risks include: (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivatives transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to, changing supply and demand relationships, government programs and policies, national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation, and changes in supply and demand relationships. Unlike other investments, derivative contracts often have leverage inherent in their terms. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s Share price. The effects of leverage may also cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Some countries and regions have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic

market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and therefore not all material information will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. Less developed securities markets are more likely to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.

Foreign Securities Valuation Risk

The Fund’s value may be impacted by events that cause the fair value of foreign securities to materially change between the close of the local exchange on which they trade and the time at which the Fund prices its Shares. Additionally, because foreign exchanges on which securities held by the Fund may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the potential exists for the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio to change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares. To the extent the Fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on the securities’ closing price on foreign securities markets (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the valuation of the Fund’s NAV may deviate from the calculation of the Underlying Index.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Interest Rate Risk

An increase in interest rates may cause the value of securities held by the Fund to decline. Fixed income securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations or floating or adjustable interest rates. The negative impact on the Fund from potential interest rate increases could be swift and significant, including falling market values, increased redemptions and reduced liquidity. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the current period of historically low rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives.

When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the issuer (or other obligated party) more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value. The value of securities with longer maturities generally change more in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of securities with shorter maturities.

During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable security held by the Fund may “call” or repay the security before its stated maturity, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest the proceeds in securities with lower yields, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income or in securities with greater risks or with other less favorable features.

Issuer Risk

The performance of the Fund depends on the performance of individual securities to which the Fund has exposure. Changes to the financial condition or credit rating of an issuer of those securities may cause the value of the securities to decline.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Certain investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, trade over-the-counter or in limited volume, or lack an active trading market. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to sell or close out of such investments at favorable times or prices (or at all), or at the prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments and may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Merger Arbitrage Risk

Investments in companies that are the subject of a publicly announced transaction carry the risk that the proposed or expected transaction may not be completed or may be completed on less favorable terms than originally expected, which may lower Fund performance. In the event an expected transaction is not completed, the share price of the target company may decline significantly. Announced transactions may be renegotiated or terminated or may take an unexpectedly long time to be completed. Investments in foreign companies involved in pending mergers, takeovers and other corporate reorganizations may entail political, cultural, regulatory, legal and tax risks different from those associated with comparable transactions in the United States. During market turbulence, natural disasters, health emergencies and geopolitical events, or as a result of political developments or changes in laws or regulation, there may be periods in which there is limited merger, acquisition and other buy-out activity. During periods in which there are a limited number of target companies eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, the Fund may have significant investments in cash and other similar investments. In such an environment, a significant portion of the Fund will not be pursuing a merger arbitrage strategy.

Money Market/Short-Term Securities Risk

To the extent the Fund holds cash or invests in money market or short-term securities, the Fund may be less likely to achieve its investment objective. In addition, it is possible that the Fund’s investments in these instruments could lose money.

Non-Diversified Risk

The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent the Fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, the Fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

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The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

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The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

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Portfolio Turnover Risk

The Fund’s strategy may frequently involve buying and selling portfolio securities to rebalance the Fund’s investment exposures. High portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than expected.

Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Short Sales Risk

Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security it does not own, or uses derivatives, such as futures or swaps, to effect short exposure to a particular reference asset. Such a position subjects the Fund to the risk that instead of declining, the price of the security or reference asset to which the Fund has short exposure will rise. If the price of the security or reference asset increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the security or otherwise closes out its short position, the Fund will experience a loss, which is theoretically unlimited since there is a theoretically unlimited potential for the market price of a security or other instrument sold short to increase.

Small- and/or Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments, and their securities may be less liquid and may experience greater price volatility than larger, more established companies.

Swap Agreements Risk

Swap agreements may involve greater risks than direct investment in securities as they may be leveraged and are subject to credit risk, counterparty risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk. A swap agreement could result in losses if the underlying reference or asset does not perform as anticipated. In addition, many swaps trade over-the-counter and may be considered illiquid. It may not be possible for the Fund to liquidate a swap position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

Valuation Risk

Independent market quotations for certain investments held by the Fund may not be readily available, and such investments may be fair valued or valued by a pricing service at an evaluated price. These valuations involve subjectivity and different market participants may assign different prices to the same investment. As a result, there is a risk that the Fund may not be able to sell an investment at the price assigned to the investment by the Fund. In addition, the value of the securities or other assets in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days or during time periods when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s Shares.

Best and Worst Quarter Returns (for the period reflected in the bar chart above)

IndexIQ’s rules-based methodology. Such Underlying Index Components will include primarily U.S. and non-U.S. equity securities. In addition, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in investments not included in its Underlying Index, but which the Advisor believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.

The Underlying Index may include as a component one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) and the Fund will typically invest in any Affiliated ETF included in the Underlying Index. The Fund also may invest in Affiliated ETFs that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Some countries and regions have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and therefore not all material information will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. Less developed securities markets are more likely to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.

Foreign Securities Valuation Risk

The Fund’s value may be impacted by events that cause the fair value of foreign securities to materially change between the close of the local exchange on which they trade and the time at which the Fund prices its Shares. Additionally, because foreign exchanges on which securities held by the Fund may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the potential exists for the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio to change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares. To the extent the Fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on the securities’ closing price on foreign securities markets (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the valuation of the Fund’s NAV may deviate from the calculation of the Underlying Index.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated. The Fund will concentrate in the securities of issuers in the resources-related industries or sectors so identified.

Global Resources Sector Risk

Companies in the global resources sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, events occurring in nature, interest rates, prices of raw materials and other commodities, international economic developments, energy conservation, tax and other government regulations (both U.S. and non-U.S.) and inflationary pressures. Events occurring in nature (such as earthquakes or fires in prime natural resource areas) and political events (such as coups or military confrontations) can affect the overall supply of a resource and the value of companies involved in such resource. Political risks and other risks to which

non-U.S. securities are subject may also affect the U.S. companies in which the Fund invests if such companies have significant operations or investments outside of the United States. In addition, may affect the supply of and demand for natural resources, which can affect the profitability and value of securities issued by global resources companies.

Investment Style Risk

The Underlying Index seeks to allocate investment exposure based upon a particular style of investing. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions and investor sentiment. As a consequence, the Fund may underperform as compared to the market generally or to other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ different investment styles. Further, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Index will accurately or optimally utilize the investment style or that it will successfully provide the desired investment exposure.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Certain investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, trade over-the-counter or in limited volume, or lack an active trading market. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to sell or close out of such investments at favorable times or prices (or at all), or at the prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments and may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Non-Diversified Risk

The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent the Fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, the Fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

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The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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•

In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur

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because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

•

The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Small- and/or Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments, and their securities may be less liquid and may experience greater price volatility than larger, more established companies.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

waivers and/or expense reimbursement in effect, if such waivers or reimbursements were not in place, the Fund’s performance would be reduced. Fund performance current to the most recent month-end is available by calling 1-888-474-7725 or by visiting newyorklifeinvestments.com/etf.

weighted index of small-, mid and large-capitalization securities. As of June 30, 2022, the market capitalization range of the Underlying Index is approximately $573 million to $481.87 billion. As of June 30, 2022, the primary sectors within the Underlying Index are financials, industrials, materials and utilities. The composition of the Underlying Index may change over time.

The Underlying Index uses the Chaikin Power Gauge to select securities from the Parent Index. The Chaikin Power Gauge is a multi-factor model that evaluates four primary components:

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Value component (35% of rating), which uses factors such as long term debt to equity ratio, price to book ratio, and free cash flow to identify companies that are priced at a discount relative to peers;

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Growth component (20% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings growth, earnings trend, and earnings consistency to identify companies with higher growth potential;

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Technical component (15% of rating), which uses factors such as price trend, price trend rate of change, and volume trend to identify stocks with strong momentum and price appreciation; and

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Sentiment component (30% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings estimate trend, short interest, and industry relative strength to identify companies that are expected to outperform peers by informed Wall Street analysts and professionals.

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The Chaikin Power Gauge seeks to identify each security’s current potential to outperform or underperform compared with peers.

The Underlying Index also applies a “Shareholder Yield Model” that analyzes dividends paid, net long-term debt issued, share buybacks and market capitalization to seek to identify companies that are positioned to continue delivering returns to shareholders through dividends and stock buybacks.

The security types eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include common stocks and real estate investment trusts (“REITS”). The Underlying Index rebalances and reconstitutes annually and typically consists of up to 50 to 65 securities based on the Chaikin Power Gauge ranking.

The Fund generally will invest in all of the securities that comprise its Underlying Index in proportion to their weightings in the Underlying Index. The Fund has adopted a policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of dividend paying U.S. issuers.

The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

Dividend Paying Security Risk

Securities that pay high dividends can fall out of favor with investors and may underperform the broader market. There is no guarantee that issuers of securities held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will remain at current levels or increase over time.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated. To the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund also will be concentrated in that industry.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Industrials Sector Risk

Companies in the industrials sector may be affected by, among other things, worldwide economic growth, supply and demand for specific products and services, product obsolescence, environmental damages or product liability claims, rapid technological developments and government regulation. Government spending policies may impact the profitability of the industrials sector since industrials companies, especially aerospace and defense companies, often rely on government demand for their products and services.

Materials Sector Risk

Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in commodity prices, import controls and worldwide competition, volatility in exchange rates, depletion of resources, changes in government regulation, over production of resources, liability for environmental damage or product liability claims, economic cycles and consumer demand. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns.

Utilities Sector Risk. Companies in the utilities sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, supply and demand, operating costs, government regulation, environmental factors, liabilities for environmental damage and general civil liabilities, and rate caps or rate changes. Although rate changes of a regulated utility usually fluctuate in approximate correlation with financing costs, due to political and regulatory factors rate changes ordinarily occur only following a delay after the changes in financing costs. This factor will tend to favorably affect a regulated utility company’s earnings and dividends in times of decreasing costs, but conversely, will tend to adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility equity securities may tend to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. In addition, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, government intervention or other factors may render a utility company’s equipment unusable or obsolete and negatively impact profitability.

Investment Style Risk

The Underlying Index seeks to allocate investment exposure based upon a particular style of investing. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions and investor sentiment. As a consequence, the Fund may underperform as compared to the market generally or to other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ different investment styles. Further, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Index will accurately or optimally utilize the investment style or that it will successfully provide the desired investment exposure.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

New Fund Risk

As a new fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case it may experience greater tracking error to its Underlying Index or it could ultimately liquidate. Like other new funds, large inflows and outflows may impact the Fund’s market exposure for limited periods of time. This impact may be positive or negative, depending on the direction of market movement during the period affected.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

•

The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

​

•

In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

​

•

The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

​

Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Small- and/or Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments, and their securities may be less liquid and may experience greater price volatility than larger, more established companies.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

The Underlying Index uses the Chaikin Power Gauge to select securities from the Parent Index. The Chaikin Power Gauge is a multi-factor model that evaluates four primary components:

•

Value component (35% of rating), which uses factors such as long term debt to equity ratio, price to book ratio, and free cash flow to identify companies that are priced at a discount relative to peers;

​

•

Growth component (20% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings growth, earnings trend, and earnings consistency to identify companies with higher growth potential;

​

•

Technical component (15% of rating), which uses factors such as price trend, price trend rate of change, and volume trend to identify stocks with strong momentum and price appreciation; and

​

•

Sentiment component (30% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings estimate trend, short interest, and industry relative strength to identify companies that are expected to outperform peers by informed Wall Street analysts and professionals.

​

The Chaikin Power Gauge seeks to identify each security’s current potential to outperform or underperform compared with peers.

To be selected for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must rank in the least volatile two-thirds of the Parent Index based on a calculation of its volatility over the prior year period and its sensitivity to the performance of the equity market (as measured by its beta) over the previous five year period.

The security types eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include common stocks and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The Underlying Index rebalances and reconstitutes annually and typically consists of up to 100 securities based on the Chaikin Power Gauge ranking. The Underlying Index selection criteria uses sector constraints to maintain exposure to the different sectors within a range of 80% to 120% of the weight of the sector in the Parent Index.

The Fund generally will invest in all of the securities that comprise its Underlying Index in proportion to their weightings in the Underlying Index. The Fund has adopted a policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of large-capitalization U.S. issuers.

The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumer confidence, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Health Care Sector Risk

Companies in the health care sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, extensive, costly and uncertain government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, product obsolescence, increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products and fluctuations in the costs of medical products. Many health care companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may impact that company’s profitability. Many health care companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Health care companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the health care sector may be

subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.

Industrials Sector Risk

Companies in the industrials sector may be affected by, among other things, worldwide economic growth, supply and demand for specific products and services, product obsolescence, environmental damages or product liability claims, rapid technological developments and government regulation. Government spending policies may impact the profitability of the industrials sector since industrials companies, especially aerospace and defense companies, often rely on government demand for their products and services.

Information Technology Sector Risk

Companies in the information technology sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, domestic and international market competition, obsolescence due to rapid technological developments, new product introduction, unpredictable growth rates and competition for qualified personnel. Aggressive pricing and reduced profit margins, intellectual property rights protections, cyclical market patterns and evolving industry standards and government regulations may also impact information technology companies. The market prices of information technology securities may exhibit a greater degree of market risk and more frequent, sharp price fluctuations than other types of securities. These securities may fall in and out of favor with investors rapidly, which may cause sudden selling and dramatically lower market prices.

Investment Style Risk

The Underlying Index seeks to allocate investment exposure based upon a particular style of investing. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions and investor sentiment. As a consequence, the Fund may underperform as compared to the market generally or to other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ different investment styles. Further, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Index will accurately or optimally utilize the investment style or that it will successfully provide the desired investment exposure.

Large-Capitalization Companies Risk

Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large-capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

•

The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

​

•

In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

​

•

The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

​

Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

Cap Index is a rules-based, quantitative index, designed to enhance an existing index by selecting stocks with the highest Chaikin Power Gauge rating. The S&P 500® Index is widely regarded as the standard index for measuring large-cap U.S. stock market performance. The NASDAQ US 300 Index includes up to the 300 largest securities in the NASDAQ Chaikin Power US Large Cap Index, a float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index, designed to track the performance of securities in NASDAQ US Benchmark Index that comprises the large-cap segment of companies.

All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Performance reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement in effect, if such waivers or reimbursements were not in place, the Fund’s performance would be reduced. Fund performance current to the most recent month-end is available by calling 1-888-474-7725 or by visiting newyorklifeinvestments.com/etf.

The Underlying Index uses the Chaikin Power Gauge to select securities from the Parent Index. The Chaikin Power Gauge is a multi-factor model that evaluates four primary components:

•

Value component (35% of rating), which uses factors such as long term debt to equity ratio, price to book ratio, and free cash flow to identify companies that are priced at a discount relative to peers;

​

•

Growth component (20% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings growth, earnings trend, and earnings consistency to identify companies with higher growth potential;

​

•

Technical component (15% of rating), which uses factors such as price trend, price trend rate of change, and volume trend to identify stocks with strong momentum and price appreciation; and

​

•

Sentiment component (30% of rating), which uses factors such as earnings estimate trend, short interest, and industry relative strength to identify companies that are expected to outperform peers by informed Wall Street analysts and professionals.

​

The Chaikin Power Gauge seeks to identify each security’s current potential to outperform or underperform compared with peers.

To be selected for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must rank in the least volatile two-thirds of the Parent Index based on a calculation of its volatility over the prior year period and its sensitivity to the performance of the equity market (as measured by its beta) over the previous five year period.

The security types eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include common stocks and real estate investment trusts (REITs). The Underlying Index rebalances and reconstitutes annually and typically consists of up to 500 securities based on the Chaikin Power Gauge ranking. The Underlying Index selection criteria uses sector constraints to maintain exposure to the different sectors within a range of 80% to 120% of the weight of the sector in the Parent Index.

The Fund generally will invest in all of the securities that comprise its Underlying Index in proportion to their weightings in the Underlying Index. The Fund has adopted a policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of small-capitalization U.S. issuers.

The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumer confidence, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Health Care Sector Risk

Companies in the health care sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, extensive, costly and uncertain government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, product obsolescence, increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products and fluctuations in the costs of medical products. Many health care companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may impact that company’s profitability. Many health care companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Health care companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the health care sector may be

subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.

Industrials Sector Risk

Companies in the industrials sector may be affected by, among other things, worldwide economic growth, supply and demand for specific products and services, product obsolescence, environmental damages or product liability claims, rapid technological developments and government regulation. Government spending policies may impact the profitability of the industrials sector since industrials companies, especially aerospace and defense companies, often rely on government demand for their products and services.

Information Technology Sector Risk

Companies in the information technology sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, domestic and international market competition, obsolescence due to rapid technological developments, new product introduction, unpredictable growth rates and competition for qualified personnel. Aggressive pricing and reduced profit margins, intellectual property rights protections, cyclical market patterns and evolving industry standards and government regulations may also impact information technology companies. The market prices of information technology securities may exhibit a greater degree of market risk and more frequent, sharp price fluctuations than other types of securities. These securities may fall in and out of favor with investors rapidly, which may cause sudden selling and dramatically lower market prices.

Investment Style Risk

The Underlying Index seeks to allocate investment exposure based upon a particular style of investing. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions and investor sentiment. As a consequence, the Fund may underperform as compared to the market generally or to other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ different investment styles. Further, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Index will accurately or optimally utilize the investment style or that it will successfully provide the desired investment exposure.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

•

The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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•

In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Small- and/or Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments, and their securities may be less liquid and may experience greater price volatility than larger, more established companies.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

The Underlying Index and the Fund’s NAV are denominated in U.S. dollars, while the component securities of the Underlying Index are generally denominated in foreign currencies. The Underlying Index is designed to reduce by approximately half the Fund’s exposure to fluctuations in the value of component currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. The Underlying Index applies a one month forward rate to approximately half of the value of the non-U.S. dollar denominated securities included in the Underlying Index to hedge against fluctuations for this portion of the Fund’s exposure to component securities relative to the U.S. dollar. The hedge is reset on a monthly basis.

The Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in the securities and other instruments included in its Underlying Index.

The Fund is expected to have lower returns than a similar fund that does not hedge any of its currency exposure when the component currencies are rising relative to the U.S. dollar. The Fund is expected to have higher returns than a similar unhedged fund when the component currencies are falling relative to the U.S. dollar. In order to replicate the hedging component of the Underlying Index, the Fund intends to enter into foreign currency forward contracts and futures contracts designed to offset approximately half of the Fund’s exposure to the component currencies. A foreign currency forward contract is a contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified amount of a specific currency in the future at an agreed upon exchange rate. The Fund’s exposure to foreign currency forward contracts is based on approximately half of the Fund’s aggregate exposure to the component currencies.

The Fund may also invest its assets in cash and cash equivalents, as well as in shares of other investment companies, options and swaps. To the extent that the Underlying Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investment to approximately the same extent as the Underlying Index.

The Underlying Index is sponsored by an organization (the “Index Provider”) that is independent of the Fund and Advisor. The Index Provider determines the composition and relative weightings of the securities in the Underlying Index and publishes information regarding the market value of the Underlying Index. The Fund’s Index Provider is FTSE International LTD., a widely known global index provider that currently manages and calculates more than 120,000 indices daily.

The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

Currency Hedging Risk

The Fund uses various strategies to attempt to reduce the impact of changes in the value of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar. While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the hedging transaction and the risk sought to be hedged and there can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging transactions will be successful. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. Therefore, the value of an investment in the Fund may also go up or down quickly and unpredictably, and investors may lose money.

Currency Risk

Investments directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad.

Cyber Security Risk

The Fund is susceptible to operational risks through breaches in cyber security. Such events may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity and could cause the Fund to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or financial loss. In addition, cyber security breaches of the securities issuers or the Fund’s third-party service providers can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Although the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed.

Depositary Receipts Risk

Sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts involve risk not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer. Depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Any distributions paid to the holders of depositary receipts are usually subject to a fee charged by the depositary. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts.

Derivatives Risk

Derivatives are investments whose value depends on (or is derived from) the value of an underlying instrument, such as a security, asset, reference rate or index and involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other investments. These risks include: (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivatives transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to, changing supply and demand relationships, government programs and policies, national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation, and changes in supply and demand relationships. Unlike other investments, derivative contracts often have leverage inherent in their terms. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s Share price. The effects of leverage may also cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that the Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more

than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Risk

When trading in foreign currency forward contracts, the Fund will contract with a foreign or domestic bank, or a foreign or domestic securities dealer, to make or take future delivery of a specified amount of a particular currency. There are no limitations on daily price moves in such forward contracts, and banks and dealers are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. Governmental imposition of credit controls might limit any such forward contract trading. Foreign currency forward contracts involve certain risks, including the risk of failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations under the contract and the risk that the use of forward contracts may not serve as a complete hedge because of an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the contracts and the prices of the currencies hedged.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Some countries and regions have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and therefore not all material information will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. Less developed securities markets are more likely to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.

Foreign Securities Valuation Risk

The Fund’s value may be impacted by events that cause the fair value of foreign securities to materially change between the close of the local exchange on which they trade and the time at which the Fund prices its Shares. Additionally, because foreign exchanges on which securities held by the Fund may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the potential exists for the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio to change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares. To the extent the Fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on the securities’ closing price on foreign securities markets (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the valuation of the Fund’s NAV may deviate from the calculation of the Underlying Index.

Geographic Concentration Risk

The Fund may invest a substantial amount of its assets in securities of issuers located in a single country or geographic region. As a result, any changes to the regulatory, political, social or economic conditions in such country or geographic region will generally have greater impact on the Fund than such changes would have on a more geographically diversified fund and may result in increased volatility and greater losses. This risk may be especially pronounced to the extent the Fund invests in countries and regions experiencing, or likely to experience, security concerns, war, threats of war, terrorism, economic uncertainty and natural disasters.

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Europe Concentration Risk. Most developed countries in Western Europe are members of the European Union (“EU”), and many are also members of the European Monetary Union (“EMU”), which requires compliance with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits and debt levels. Unemployment in certain European nations is historically high and several countries face significant debt problems. These conditions can significantly affect every country in Europe. The euro is the official currency of the EU and, accordingly, the Fund’s investment in European securities may lead to significant exposure to the euro and events affecting it. Recent market events affecting several EU member countries have adversely affected the sovereign debt issued by those countries, and ultimately may lead to a decline in the value of the euro. A significant decline in the value of the euro, or the exit of a country from the EU or EMU, may produce unpredictable effects on trade and commerce generally and could lead to increased volatility in financial markets worldwide. Political or economic disruptions in European countries, even in countries in which the Fund is not invested, may adversely affect security values and thus the Fund’s

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holdings. In particular, the Fund’s investments in the United Kingdom and other European countries may be significantly impacted by the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the EU (known as “Brexit”). Brexit has introduced significant uncertainty and may have a negative impact on the economy and currency of the United Kingdom and European countries, including increased market volatility and illiquidity and potentially lower economic growth.

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Japan Concentration Risk. Economic growth in Japan is heavily dependent on international trade, government support, and consistent government policy. Slowdowns in the economies of key trading partners such as the United States, China and countries in Southeast Asia, or disruptions to trade caused by trade tariffs, other protectionist measures, and competition from emerging economies, could have a negative impact on the Japanese economy as a whole. The Japanese economy has in the past been negatively affected by, among other factors, government intervention and protectionism and an unstable financial services sector. While the Japanese economy has recently emerged from a prolonged economic downturn, some of these factors, as well as other adverse political developments, increases in government debt, changes to fiscal, monetary or trade policies or other events, such as natural disasters, could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. Japan’s economic prospects may be affected by the political and military situations of its near neighbors, notably North and South Korea, China and Russia. In addition, Japan’s labor market is adapting to an aging workforce, declining population, and demand for increased labor mobility. These demographic shifts and fundamental structural changes to the labor markets may negatively impact Japan’s economic competitiveness.

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Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumer confidence, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns

Consumer Staples Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns. Companies in the consumer staples sector have historically been characterized as relatively cyclical and therefore more volatile in times of change.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on

the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Health Care Sector Risk

Companies in the health care sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, extensive, costly and uncertain government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, product obsolescence, increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products and fluctuations in the costs of medical products. Many health care companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may impact that company’s profitability. Many health care companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Health care companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the health care sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.

Industrials Sector Risk

Companies in the industrials sector may be affected by, among other things, worldwide economic growth, supply and demand for specific products and services, product obsolescence, environmental damages or product liability claims, rapid technological developments and government regulation. Government spending policies may impact the profitability of the industrials sector since industrials companies, especially aerospace and defense companies, often rely on government demand for their products and services.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Certain investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, trade over-the-counter or in limited volume, or lack an active trading market. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to sell or close out of such investments at favorable times or prices (or at all), or at the prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments and may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on a Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

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The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have

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been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

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The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

Valuation Risk

Independent market quotations for certain investments held by the Fund may not be readily available, and such investments may be fair valued or valued by a pricing service at an evaluated price. These valuations involve subjectivity and different market participants may assign different prices to the same investment. As a result, there is a risk that the Fund may not be able to sell an investment at the price assigned to the investment by the Fund. In addition, the value of the securities or other assets in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days or during time periods when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s Shares.

North America 100% Hedged to USD Net Tax (US RIC) Index is comprised of large and mid-cap stocks in developed markets, excluding the U.S. and Canada and represents the performance without any impact from foreign exchange fluctuations. The FTSE Developed ex North America Net Tax (US RIC) Index is comprised of large- and mid-cap stocks in developed markets, excluding the U.S. and Canada.

All returns assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Performance reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursement in effect if such waivers or reimbursements were not in place, the Fund’s performance would be reduced. Fund performance current to the most recent month-end is available by calling 1-888-474-7725 or by visiting newyorklifeinvestments.com/etf.

includes preferred stocks, including in the S&P U.S. Preferred Stock Index, which are preferred stocks with a market capitalization over $100 million that meet minimum price, liquidity, trading volume, maturity and other requirements set forth in the rules-based methodology determined by the Index Provider. The Underlying Index excludes certain issues of preferred stock, such as those that are issued by special ventures (e.g., toll roads or dam operators) or structured products and brand name products issued by financial institutions that are packaged securities linked to indices or other stocks.

Preferred stocks are a class of equity security with rights to a specified dividend that must be paid before any dividends can be paid to common stockholders. Preferred stock also takes precedence over common stock in the event of a company’s liquidation. Although preferred stocks represent a partial ownership interest in a company, preferred stocks generally do not carry voting rights and have economic characteristics similar to fixed-income securities. Preferred stocks generally are issued with a fixed par value and pay dividends based on a percentage of that par value at a fixed or variable rate. Preferred stocks often have a liquidation value that generally equals the original purchase price of the preferred stock at the date of issuance. The Underlying Index may include many different categories of preferred stock, such as floating, variable and fixed-rate preferreds, callable preferreds, convertible preferreds, cumulative and non-cumulative preferreds, trust preferreds or various other traditional and hybrid issues of preferred stock. The Underlying Index may include large-, mid- or small-capitalization companies.

Once the Underlying Index universe is defined based on the eligibility criteria, each preferred security is then ranked according to its volatility. Volatility is defined as the standard deviation of the preferred security’s daily price returns over the trailing 12 month period. Preferred securities in the eligible universe are then ranked in ascending order by realized volatility. The top 75% of the securities with the lowest volatility in the eligible universe form the low volatility universe. Preferred securities in the low volatility universe are then ranked by indicated dividend yield in descending order. The top 50% of the securities with the highest indicated yield is the low volatility universe are selected to form the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index constituents are weighted by indicated dividend yield.

There is no limit to the number of preferred securities issued by a single company included in the Underlying Index, however, a maximum weight of 5% is set per issuer. The aggregate weight of any issuer that exceeds 5% is capped on a pro rata basis to maximum of 5% of the Underlying Index, with any excess weight proportionally redistributed to all uncapped constituents.

The Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly and typically consists of 70 to 120 securities.

To the extent the Underlying Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as the Underlying Index. A significant portion of the Underlying Index typically consists of securities in the financials sector.

The Fund may invest in one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

measures and/or financial loss. In addition, cyber security breaches of the securities issuers or the Fund’s third-party service providers can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Although the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed.

Dividend Paying Security Risk

Securities that pay high dividends can fall out of favor with investors and may underperform the broader market. There is no guarantee that issuers of securities held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will remain at current levels or increase over time.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Securities Risk

Fixed-to-floating rate securities are securities that have a fixed dividend rate for an initial term that converts to a floating dividend rate upon the expiration of the initial term. Securities with a floating or variable interest rate component can be less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. While fixed-to-floating rate securities can be less sensitive to interest rate risk than fixed-rate securities, they generally carry lower yields than similar fixed-rate securities.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Hybrid Securities Risk

Hybrid securities are subject to the risks of equity securities and risks of debt securities. The claims of holders of hybrid securities of an issuer are generally subordinated to those of holders of traditional debt securities in bankruptcy, and thus hybrid securities may be more volatile and subject to greater risk than traditional debt securities and may in certain circumstances even be more volatile than traditional equity securities. At the same time, hybrid securities may not fully participate in gains of their issuer and thus potential returns of such securities are generally more limited than traditional equity securities, which would participate in such gains. The terms of hybrid securities may vary substantially, and the risks of a particular hybrid security will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the credit risk of the issuer, as well as liquidity risk, since they often are customized to meet the needs of an issuer or a particular investor, and therefore the number of investors that buy such instruments in the secondary market may be small.

Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Investment Style Risk

The Underlying Index seeks to allocate investment exposure based upon a particular style of investing. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions and investor sentiment. As a consequence, the Fund may underperform as compared to the market generally or to other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ different investment styles. Further, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Index will accurately or optimally utilize the investment style or that it will successfully provide the desired investment exposure.

Large-Capitalization Companies Risk

Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large-capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

New Fund Risk

As a new fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case it may experience greater tracking error to its Underlying Index or it could ultimately liquidate. Like other new funds, large inflows and outflows may impact the Fund’s market exposure for limited periods of time. This impact may be positive or negative, depending on the direction of market movement during the period affected.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

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The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

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The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

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Preferred Securities Risk

Preferred securities combine some of the characteristics of both common stocks and bonds. Preferred securities are typically subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income, subjecting them to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Generally, holders of preferred securities have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may obtain limited rights. In certain circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may defer payment on the securities and, in some cases, redeem the securities prior to a specified date. Preferred securities may also be substantially less liquid than other securities, including common stock.

Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Small- and/or Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments, and their securities may be less liquid and may experience greater price volatility than larger, more established companies.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours

based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.

Index, but which the Advisor believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. The Fund may also invest in one or more financial instruments, including but not limited to futures contracts and swap agreements (collectively, “Financial Instruments”).

The securities that are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index are common stock of non-U.S. companies headquartered in developed countries outside the U.S. All eligible securities must have a minimum of 52-week average daily trade volume of  $5 million and 100,000 shares as well as have commenced trading at least two (2) full quarters prior to the annual reconstitution. Additionally, eligible securities must have a minimum market capitalization of at least $1 billion and a minimum average market capitalization of  $1 billion at the time of the annual reconstitution. As of June 30, 2022, the market capitalization range of the companies included in the Underlying Index was $84 million to $321.34 billion. As of June 30, 2022, the Underlying Index consisted of securities issued by companies domiciled in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

The Underlying Index Components are selected and weighted utilizing a rules-based methodology (“Methodology”) incorporating fundamental factors. The Methodology ranks the universe of eligible securities based on three fundamental factors: Sales (over annual period), Market Share (over annual period), and Operating Margin (3-year average). The Market Share and Operating Margin ranks are determined relative to other eligible securities within the same sector, while the Sales rank is determined relative to all securities within the eligible universe. A composite rank of the three factors is derived as an equal weighted average. The top 500 securities, based on the composite rank, are included in the Index. The weighting of each security within the Index is derived based on the relative value of each security’s composite score. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced once a year. At time of the annual rebalance, no single component may have a weighting greater than 5% of the Index. In addition to the annual rebalance, on a quarterly basis the weight of any security that exceeds 10% of the Index is reduced to a maximum weight of 10% and the excess amounts are redistributed proportionately among the other Index components.

To the extent the Underlying Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as the Underlying Index. As of June 30, 2022, the primary sectors within the Underlying Index are consumer discretionary, consumer staples, financials, industrials and materials.

The Underlying Index may include as a component one or more ETFs advised by the Advisor (“Affiliated ETFs”) and the Fund will typically invest in any Affiliated ETF included in the Underlying Index. The Fund also may invest in Affiliated ETFs that are not components of the index if such an investment will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.

including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad.

Cyber Security Risk

The Fund is susceptible to operational risks through breaches in cyber security. Such events may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity and could cause the Fund to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or financial loss. In addition, cyber security breaches of the securities issuers or the Fund’s third-party service providers can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Although the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed.

Depositary Receipts Risk

Sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts involve risk not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer. Depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Any distributions paid to the holders of depositary receipts are usually subject to a fee charged by the depositary. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts.

Equity Securities Risk

Investments in common stocks and other equity securities are particularly subject to the risk of changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer, conditions affecting equity markets generally and political and/or economic events. Equity prices may also be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Holders of an issuer’s common stock may be subject to greater risks than holders of its preferred stock and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of an issuer.

Exchange Traded Products Risk

Unlike an investment in a mutual fund, the value of the Fund’s investment in other exchange-traded funds or exchange-traded investment products (“ETPs”) is based on its market price (rather than NAV) and the Fund could lose money due to premiums/discounts of the ETP (which could cause the Fund to buy shares at market prices that are higher than their value or sell shares at market prices that are lower than their value); the failure of an active trading market to develop; or exchange trading halts or delistings. An investment in the Fund will entail more costs and expenses than a direct investment in any Underlying ETP. As the Fund’s allocations to Underlying ETPs changes, or the expense ratio of Underlying ETPs change, the operating expenses borne by the Fund from such investments may increase or decrease.

Focused Investment Risk

To the extent that a Fund invests a large percentage of its assets in a single asset class or the securities of issuers within the same country, group of countries, region, industry, group of industries or sector, an adverse economic, market, political or regulatory development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. Different asset classes, countries, groups of countries, regions, industries, groups of industries or sectors tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general financial markets.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Some countries and regions have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and therefore not all material information will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. Less developed securities markets are more likely to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.

Foreign Securities Valuation Risk

The Fund’s value may be impacted by events that cause the fair value of foreign securities to materially change between the close of the local exchange on which they trade and the time at which the Fund prices its Shares. Additionally, because foreign exchanges on which securities held by the Fund may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the potential exists for the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio to change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares. To the extent the Fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on the securities’ closing price on foreign securities markets (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the valuation of the Fund’s NAV may deviate from the calculation of the Underlying Index.

Geographic Concentration Risk

The Fund may invest a substantial amount of its assets in securities of issuers located in a single country or geographic region. As a result, any changes to the regulatory, political, social or economic conditions in such country or geographic region will generally have greater impact on the Fund than such changes would have on a more geographically diversified fund and may result in increased volatility and greater losses. This risk may be especially pronounced to the extent the Fund invests in countries and regions experiencing, or likely to experience, security concerns, war, threats of war, terrorism, economic uncertainty and natural disasters.

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Europe Concentration Risk. Most developed countries in Western Europe are members of the European Union (“EU”), and many are also members of the European Monetary Union (“EMU”), which requires compliance with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits and debt levels. Unemployment in certain European nations is historically high and several countries face significant debt problems. These conditions can significantly affect every country in Europe. The euro is the official currency of the EU and, accordingly, the Fund’s investment in European securities may lead to significant exposure to the euro and events affecting it. Recent market events affecting several EU member countries have adversely affected the sovereign debt issued by those countries, and ultimately may lead to a decline in the value of the euro. A significant decline in the value of the euro, or the exit of a country from the EU or EMU, may produce unpredictable effects on trade and commerce generally and could lead to increased volatility in financial markets worldwide. Political or economic disruptions in European countries, even in countries in which the Fund is not invested, may adversely affect security values and thus the Fund’s holdings. In particular, the Fund’s investments in the United Kingdom and other European countries may be significantly impacted by the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the EU (known as “Brexit”). Brexit has introduced significant uncertainty and may have a negative impact on the economy and currency of the United Kingdom and European countries, including increased market volatility and illiquidity and potentially lower economic growth.

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Japan Concentration Risk. Economic growth in Japan is heavily dependent on international trade, government support, and consistent government policy. Slowdowns in the economies of key trading partners such as the United States, China and countries in Southeast Asia, or disruptions to trade caused by trade tariffs, other protectionist measures, and competition from emerging economies, could have a negative impact on the Japanese economy as a whole. The Japanese economy has in the past been negatively affected by, among other factors, government intervention and protectionism and an unstable financial services sector. While the Japanese economy has recently emerged from a prolonged economic downturn, some of these factors, as well as other adverse political developments, increases in government debt, changes to fiscal, monetary or trade policies or other events, such as natural disasters, could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. Japan’s economic prospects may be affected by the political and military situations of its near neighbors, notably North and South Korea, China and Russia. In addition, Japan’s labor market is adapting to an aging workforce, declining population, and demand for increased labor mobility. These demographic shifts and fundamental structural changes to the labor markets may negatively impact Japan’s economic competitiveness.

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Index Risk

There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment results will have a high degree of correlation to those of the Underlying Index or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Industry/Sector Concentration Risk

The Fund’s investment of a large percentage of its assets in the securities of issuers within the same industry or sector means that an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if the Fund were more broadly diversified. A concentration makes the Fund more susceptible to any single occurrence and may subject the Fund to greater market risk than a fund that is not so concentrated.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumer confidence, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns.

Consumer Staples Sector Risk

Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in domestic and international economies, exchange and interest rates, worldwide demand, competition, consumers’ disposable income levels, propensity to spend and consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns. Companies in the consumer staples sector have historically been characterized as relatively cyclical and therefore more volatile in times of change.

Financials Sector Risk

Companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in currency exchange rates, volatile interest rates, decreased liquidity in credit markets and competition from new entrants. Profitability of these companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector. These companies are often subject to substantial government regulation and intervention, which may adversely impact the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge, the amount of capital they must maintain and, potentially, their size. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, or recent or future regulation in various countries on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector is also a target for cyber attacks and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions.

Industrials Sector Risk

Companies in the industrials sector may be affected by, among other things, worldwide economic growth, supply and demand for specific products and services, product obsolescence, environmental damages or product liability claims, rapid technological developments and government regulation. Government spending policies may impact the profitability of the industrials sector since industrials companies, especially aerospace and defense companies, often rely on government demand for their products and services.

Materials Sector Risk

Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in commodity prices, import controls and worldwide competition, volatility in exchange rates, depletion of resources, changes in government regulation, over production of resources, liability for environmental damage or product liability claims, economic cycles and consumer demand. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns.

Large Capitalization Company Risk

Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large-capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

Market Risk

Market risks include political, regulatory, market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, which may affect the Fund’s value. Turbulence in financial markets, tariffs and other protectionist measures, political developments and uncertainty, central bank policy, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund. During a general

downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.

Operational Risk

The Fund is exposed to operational risks arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund and Advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address significant operational risks.

Passive Management Risk

The Fund is not actively managed and instead seeks to track the performance of an index. Passive management has the following risks associated with it:

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The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index. The provider of the Index or the index calculation agent may make errors. The index provider may include index constituents that should have been excluded, or it may exclude index constituents that should have been included. It also may include or exclude constituents at incorrect levels. This may result in the Fund, in turn, being correctly positioned to an index that has been incorrectly calculated. This could lead to losses to the Fund.

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In seeking to track the Underlying Index’s performance, the Fund may be subject to tracking error, which is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other instruments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index, pricing differences (including, as applicable, differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), differences in transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of uninvested cash, differences in timing of the accrual of or the valuation of dividends or interest, the requirements to maintain pass-through tax treatment, portfolio transactions carried out to minimize the distribution of capital gains to shareholders, changes to the Underlying Index or the costs to the Fund of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

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The Fund generally will not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets and generally will not sell a security because its issuer is in financial trouble, unless that security is removed from (or was no longer useful in tracking a component of) the Underlying Index.

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Secondary Market Trading Risk

Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on one or more securities exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. In general, the trading of Shares on securities exchanges is subject to the risk of irregular trading activity and wide “bid/ask” spreads (which may be especially pronounced for smaller funds). Additionally, market makers are under no obligation to make a market in the Fund’s Shares and Authorized Participants are not obligated to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In the event market makers cease making a market in the Fund’s Shares or Authorized Participants stop submitting purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units, the Fund’s Shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to its NAV. Wide bid-ask spreads and large premiums or discounts to NAV are likely to lead to an investor buying his or her shares at a market price that is more than their value, and selling those shares at a market price that is less than their value.

Trading Price Risk

Shares of the Fund trade on securities exchanges at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s Shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours

based on both market supply of and demand for Shares and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Although it is generally expected that the market price of the Shares of the Fund will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. Thus, an investor may pay more than NAV when purchasing Shares and receive less than NAV when selling Shares.