ck0000890453-20231231
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Prospectus |
W I L S H I R E |
April 30,
2024 |
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M U T U A L
F U N D S, I N C. |
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Large
Company Growth Portfolio |
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Wilshire
5000 IndexSM
Fund |
Investment
Class Shares (DTLGX) |
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Investment
Class Shares (WFIVX) |
Institutional
Class Shares (WLCGX) |
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Institutional
Class Shares (WINDX) |
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Large
Company Value Portfolio |
| Wilshire
International Equity Fund |
Investment
Class Shares (DTLVX) |
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Investment
Class Shares (WLCTX) |
Institutional
Class Shares (WLCVX) |
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Institutional
Class Shares (WLTTX) |
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Small
Company Growth Portfolio |
| Wilshire
Income Opportunities Fund |
Investment
Class Shares (DTSGX) |
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Investment
Class Shares (WIORX) |
Institutional
Class Shares (WSMGX) |
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Institutional
Class Shares (WIOPX) |
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Small
Company Value Portfolio |
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Investment
Class Shares (DTSVX) |
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Institutional
Class Shares (WSMVX) |
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http://wilshire.com |
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The
Prospectus gives you important information about the Wilshire Mutual
Funds, Inc. that you should know before you invest. Please read this
Prospectus carefully before investing and use it for future
reference. |
As
with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved
or disapproved any shares of these mutual funds or determined if this prospectus
is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
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Shares
of a mutual fund are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or
endorsed by, any bank. The shares are not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any
other government agency. You could lose money by investing in a mutual
fund. |
FUND
SUMMARIES
Large Company Growth
Portfolio
Investment
Objective
The
Large Company Growth Portfolio’s (the “Portfolio”) investment objective is to
seek capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the
Large Company Growth Portfolio
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and
sell shares of the Portfolio. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financials
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
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Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
0.75% |
0.75% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.24% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.34% |
0.26% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.33% |
1.01% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.03)% |
(0.01)% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.30% |
1.00% |
(1)Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a contractual expense limitation
agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the
Portfolio to waive a portion of its management fee or reimburse other expenses
(including class-specific shareholder servicing fees) to limit expenses of the
Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short
securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.30% and 1.00% of average daily net
assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively.
This agreement to limit expenses continues through at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the
Portfolio’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup
the amount of any management fee waived/expenses reimbursed within three years
from the date on which it waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the
recoupment does not exceed the existing expense limitation as well as the
expense limitation that was in place at the time of the fee waiver/expense
reimbursement.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that
your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolio’s operating
expenses remain the same. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
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1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$132 |
$418 |
$726 |
$1,599 |
Institutional
Class |
$102 |
$321 |
$557 |
$1,235 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31,
2023,
the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 66%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in
common stock of companies with larger market capitalizations-within the market
capitalization range and composition of the companies composing the Russell
1000® Index (as of December 31, 2023,
this range was between approximately $270.19
million and $2.99 trillion). The market capitalization and composition of the
companies in the Russell 1000®
Index are subject to change.
The
Portfolio engages in leverage by investing in Russell 1000 Growth Index
derivatives, the notional value of which equals approximately 20% of the
Portfolio’s net assets. The Portfolio’s derivatives exposure is backed by a
portfolio of fixed income securities representing approximately 20% of the
Portfolio’s net assets. A Russell 1000 Growth Index derivative is a derivative
contract, typically a swap agreement, that uses the Russell 1000 Growth Index as
its reference asset. The portion of the Portfolio invested in Russell 1000
Growth Index derivatives seeks to track the daily performance of the Russell
1000 Growth Index (the “Swaps Strategy”) and invests in such derivatives in
addition to or in place of companies within the Russell 1000 Growth Index. In
addition to
swaps,
the Portfolio may invest in other types of derivatives including options,
futures, options on futures, and other similar instruments. For purposes of the
Portfolio’s 80% test, Russell 1000 Growth Index derivatives will be counted as
common stocks of companies with larger market capitalizations and will be valued
at notional value rather than market value.
Fixed
income securities held by the Portfolio may include bonds, debt securities,
asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities and other similar instruments. The
fixed income securities are typically expected to have a duration between zero
and two years. The Portfolio may invest in below investment grade debt
securities, commonly known as “high-yield” securities or “junk bonds.”
The
Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in equity securities of foreign
companies traded in the U.S., including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”)
and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”).
The
Portfolio invests in companies that historically have above average earnings,
cash flow growth or sales growth and retention of earnings, often such companies
have above average price to earnings ratios. The Portfolio may focus its
investments in companies in one or more economic sectors.
The
Portfolio may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or
a smaller number of issuers.
The
Portfolio uses a multi-manager strategy where Wilshire and multiple subadvisers
employ different strategies with respect to separate portions of the Portfolio
in order achieve the Portfolio’s investment objective. Wilshire typically
allocates the Portfolio’s assets among the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance
with its outlook for the economy and the financial markets. Each of
AllianceBernstein, L.P. (“AllianceBernstein”), Los Angeles Capital Management
LLC (“Los Angeles Capital”), Fred Alger Management, LLC (“Alger Management”),
and Voya Investment Management Co LLC (“Voya”) manage a portion of the Portfolio
and Wilshire manages the Swaps Strategy portion of the Portfolio.
AllianceBernstein
stresses fundamental, bottom-up security analysis in identifying highly
profitable businesses with the opportunity to reinvest profitably for long-term,
non-cyclical growth that are priced at valuations that do not adequately reflect
their long-term growth potential. AllianceBernstein conducts in-depth research
to identify companies whose long-term fundamental performance is likely to
persist in terms of both magnitude and duration.
Los
Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process for security selection
and risk management. Los Angeles Capital utilizes its proprietary Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
to build equity portfolios that adapt to market conditions. The model considers
a range of valuation, earnings and management characteristics to identify
current drivers of return.
Alger
Management’s investments in equity securities are primarily in common or
preferred stocks, but its equity investments also may include securities
convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities (including warrants and
rights) and depositary receipts. Alger Management invests primarily in companies
whose securities are traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or in the
over-the-counter market. Alger Management believes companies undergoing positive
dynamic change offer the best investment opportunities. Positive dynamic change
refers to companies realizing high unit volume growth or companies undergoing
positive lifecycle change. High unit volume growth companies are traditional
growth companies experiencing, for example, rapidly growing demand or market
dominance. Positive lifecycle change companies are, for example, companies
benefiting from new regulations, a new product innovation or new
management.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Voya focuses on managing a broad array of
fixed income investment opportunities, including but not limited to U.S.
government securities, securities of foreign governments, and supranational
organizations; bank loans; notes that can invest in securities with any credit
rating; mortgage-backed, asset-backed debt securities and other structured
credit securities, commercial paper and debt securities of foreign issuers,
including emerging market countries. In addition, Voya may also invest in its
affiliated registered investment companies.
The
Portfolio may appeal to you if:
•you
are a long-term investor;
•you
seek growth of capital;
•you
believe that the market will favor a particular investment style, such as large
cap growth stocks, over other investment styles in the long term and you want a
more focused exposure to that investment style; or
•you
own other funds or stocks which provide exposure to some but not all investment
styles and would like a more complete exposure to the equity
market.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Portfolio. In addition, investing in
the Portfolio involves the following principal risks:
Market
Risk. The
Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or more
securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or instrument may
decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions
that are not specifically related to a particular company, including conditions
affecting the general economy; political, social, or economic instability at the
local, regional, or global level; the spread of infectious illness or other
public health issues in one or more countries or regions; geopolitical
conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine; and currency and
interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that the price of a
security will fall because the market perceives that there is or will be a
deterioration in the fundamental
value of the issuer or poor earnings performance by the issuer. Market
risk may affect a single security, company, industry, sector, or the entire
market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities may
experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in
value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Large-Cap
Company Risk. Investments in larger, more established companies may involve risks
associated with their larger size. For instance, larger, more established
companies may be less able to respond quickly to new competitive challenges,
such as changes in consumer tastes or innovation from smaller competitors. Also,
larger companies are sometimes less able to attain the high growth rates of
successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic
expansion.
Style
Risk. The Portfolio’s growth style may perform poorly or fall out of favor
with investors. For example, at times the market may favor small capitalization
stocks over large capitalization stocks, value stocks over growth stocks, or
vice versa.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Derivatives
Risk. The use of derivatives, including forwards, swaps, futures, options
and currency transactions, may expose the Portfolio to risks in addition to and
greater than those associated with investing directly in the securities
underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect
correlations with underlying investments or the Portfolio’s other portfolio
holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit,
liquidity, segregation, valuation and legal restrictions. If the Adviser or a
subadviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of
derivatives could also result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited.
Use of derivatives may also cause the Portfolio to be subject to additional
regulations, which may generate additional Portfolio expenses. These practices
also entail transactional expenses and may cause the Portfolio to realize higher
amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Portfolio had not engaged in
such transactions.
Leverage
Risk. The use of derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase
agreements, unfunded commitments, tender option bonds and borrowings (typically
lines of credit) may create leveraging risk. For example, because of the low
margin deposit required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of
leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in an underlying
reference instrument may result in an immediate and substantial impact on a
fund’s NAV. Leveraging may cause the Portfolio’s performance to be more volatile
than if it had not been leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk and otherwise
comply with regulatory requirements, the Portfolio must segregate or earmark
liquid assets to meet its obligations under, or otherwise cover, the
transactions that may give rise to this risk, including, but not limited to,
futures, certain options, swaps and reverse repurchase agreements. Applicable
law limits a fund from borrowing in an amount greater than 33 ⅓% of its
assets.
Fixed-Income
Securities Risk. Fixed-income securities are subject to interest rate risk and credit
risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a fixed-income
security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the
general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most fixed-income
securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the
prices of most fixed-income securities go up. Fixed-income securities with
longer maturities typically are more sensitive to changes in interest rates,
making them more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Credit risk
refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable and/or
unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its
debt. Debt instruments are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which may
be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of
a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may occur
quickly and without advance warning following sudden market downturns or
unexpected developments involving an issuer, and which may adversely affect the
liquidity and value of the security.
High-Yield
Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds, present
greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of
default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely
affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Portfolio’s ability to sell its
bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the
Portfolio’s share price.
Sector
Risk.
If the Portfolio invests significantly in one or more sectors, market and
economic factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the
value of the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the
volatility of the Portfolio’s performance.
Information
Technology Sector. Information technology companies may be
smaller and less experienced companies, with limited product lines, markets or
financial resources and fewer experienced management or marketing personnel.
Information technology company stocks, especially those which are Internet
related, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are often
unrelated to their operating performance.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage Backed Securities Risk. Investors in asset-backed securities (ABS), including mortgage-backed
securities (MBS) and structured finance investments, generally receive payments
that are part interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary
based on the rate at which the underlying borrowers pay off their loans or other
future expected receivables of assets or cash flows. Some ABS, including MBS,
may have structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors
difficult to predict, making them subject to liquidity risk.
Other
Investment Companies Risk. Investing in other investment vehicles, including registered
investment companies managed by a subadviser or an affiliate of a subadviser,
unaffiliated registered investment companies, closed-end funds and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs), subjects the Portfolio to those risks affecting
the investment vehicle, including the possibility that the value of the
underlying securities held by the investment vehicle could decrease. Moreover,
the Portfolio will incur its pro rata share of the underlying vehicles’
expenses.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to invest in the Portfolio. In
addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The
bar chart and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of
investing in the Portfolio by showing how the investment performance of the
Investment Class Shares has varied from year to year and by showing how the
Portfolio’s average annual total returns compare to those of a broad measure of
market performance, as
well as an additional index with investment characteristics similar to those of
the Fund.
The Portfolio’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
On
July 21, 2020, the Portfolio’s investment strategy was changed. Consequently,
prior period performance may have been different if the new investment strategy
had been in effect during these periods.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 27.49% (quarter ended June 30, 2020) and
the lowest return for a quarter
was -20.91% (quarter ended June 30,
2022).
The
returns for the Portfolio’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
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1
year |
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5
years |
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10
years |
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Investment
Class |
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Return Before
Taxes |
39.81 |
% |
| 15.95 |
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| 11.95 |
% |
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Return After
Taxes on Distributions |
39.78 |
% |
| 12.28 |
% |
| 8.54 |
% |
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Return After
Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
23.59 |
% |
| 12.23 |
% |
| 8.79 |
% |
(1) |
Institutional
Class |
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Return Before
Taxes |
40.24 |
% |
| 16.32 |
% |
| 12.30 |
% |
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FT
Wilshire 5000 Index(2)
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
26.10 |
% |
| 15.42 |
% |
| 11.70 |
% |
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Russell
1000®
Growth Total Return Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
42.68 |
% |
| 19.50 |
% |
| 14.86 |
% |
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(1)
In
certain cases, the figure representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale of Shares” may be higher than the other return figures of the same period.
A higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and
provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the
investor.
(2)
The
Fund changed its broad-based securities market index from the Russell 1000®
Growth Total Return Index to the FT Wilshire 5000 Index to reflect that the FT
Wilshire 5000 Index may be considered more broadly representative of the overall
applicable securities market.
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Portfolio shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans
or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Nathan
Palmer, CFA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a
Portfolio Manager for the Portfolio. He has served as a Portfolio Manager since
July 2020.
Anthony
Wicklund, CFA, CAIA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves
as a portfolio manager for the Portfolio. He has served as a Portfolio Manager
since July 2020.
Josh
Emanuel, CFA, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Wilshire
Advisors LLC, serves as portfolio manager for the Portfolio. He has served as a
Portfolio Manager since July 2020.
Suehyun
Kim, Senior
Vice
President and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a portfolio manager for
the Portfolio. She has served as a Portfolio Manager since July
2020.
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
AllianceBernstein
John
H. Fogarty, CFA, Senior Vice President of AllianceBernstein and serves Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Fogarty has served as Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio since December 2021.
Vinay
Thapar, CFA, Senior Vice President of AllianceBernstein and serves Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Thapar has served as Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio since December 2021.
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Stevens has served as Portfolio
Manager since April 2002.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Reynolds has served as Portfolio Manager
since January 2011.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since January 2011.
Daniel
Arche, CFA, Director of
Portfolio Strategy and
Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
Alger
Management
Ankur
Crawford, Ph.D., is an Executive Vice President and serves Portfolio Manager of
various Alger strategies. Dr. Crawford has been with Alger Management since 2004
and has served as Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio since March
2020.
Patrick
Kelly, CFA, is an Executive Vice President and Head of Alger Management’s
Capital Appreciation and Spectra Strategies. He also serves as Portfolio Manager
of various Alger strategies. Mr. Kelly has been with Alger Management since 1999
and has served as Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio since March
2020.
Voya
Raj
Jadav, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Voya and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Jadav has served as Portfolio Manager since 2024.
Sean
Banai, CFA, Head of portfolio management for the fixed income platform of Voya
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Banai has served as Portfolio
Manager since July 2020.
Brian
Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, Head of Fixed Income Research of Voya and Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Timberlake has served as Portfolio Manager since
July 2020.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Portfolio are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are a
client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution which has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500.
Subsequent investments for the Portfolio must be at least $100. The minimum
investments do not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Portfolio. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Portfolio (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when you
are tax-exempt or when your
investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any
withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may be
taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Large Company Value
Portfolio
Investment
Objective
The
Large Company Value Portfolio’s (the “Portfolio”) investment objective is to
seek capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the
Large Company Value Portfolio
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Portfolio. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses (expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
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Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
0.75% |
0.75% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.32% |
0.30% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.32% |
1.05% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.02)% |
(0.05)% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.30% |
1.00% |
(1)Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a contractual expense limitation
agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the
Portfolio to waive a portion of its management fee or reimburse other expenses
(including class-specific shareholder servicing fees) to limit expenses of the
Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short
securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.30% and 1.00% of average daily net
assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively.
This agreement to limit expenses continues through at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the
Portfolio’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup
the amount of any management fee waived/expenses reimbursed within three years
from the date on which it waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the
recoupment does not exceed the existing expense limitation as well as the
expense limitation that was in place at the time of the fee waiver/expense
reimbursement.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that
your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolio’s operating
expenses remain the same. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
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|
|
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|
| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$132 |
$416 |
$722 |
$1,588 |
Institutional
Class |
$102 |
$329 |
$575 |
$1,278 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023,
the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 50%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in
the common stock of companies with larger market capitalizations-within the
market capitalization range of the Russell 1000®
Index (as of December 31, 2023,
this range was between approximately $270.19
million and $2.99 trillion). The market capitalization range of the Russell
1000®
Index is subject to change.
The
Portfolio engages in leverage by investing in Russell 1000 Value Index
derivatives, the notional value of which equals approximately 20% of the
Portfolio’s net assets. The Portfolio’s derivatives exposure is backed by a
portfolio of fixed income securities representing approximately 20% of the
Portfolio’s net assets. A Russell 1000 Value Index derivative is a derivative
contract, typically a swap agreement, that uses the Russell 1000 Value Index as
its reference asset. The portion of the Portfolio invested in Russell 1000 Value
Index derivatives seeks to track the daily performance of the Russell 1000 Value
Index (the “Swaps Strategy”) and invests in such derivatives in addition to or
in place of companies within the Russell 1000 Value Index. In addition to swaps,
the Portfolio may invest in other types of derivatives including options,
futures, options on futures, and other similar instruments. For purposes of the
Portfolio’s 80% test, Russell 1000 Value Index derivatives will be counted as
common stocks of companies with larger market capitalizations and will be valued
at notional value rather than market value.
Fixed
income securities held by the Portfolio may include bonds, debt securities,
asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities and other similar instruments. The
fixed income securities are typically expected to have a duration that does not
exceed one year. The Portfolio may invest in below investment grade debt
securities, commonly known as “high-yield” securities or “junk bonds.”
The
Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in equity securities of foreign
companies traded in the U.S. or locally on foreign exchanges, including American
Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts
(“GDRs”).
The
Portfolio uses a multi-manager strategy where Wilshire and multiple subadvisers
employ different strategies with respect to separate portions of the Portfolio
in order achieve the Portfolio’s investment objective. Wilshire typically
allocates the Portfolio’s assets among the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance
with its outlook for the economy and the financial markets. Each of Los Angeles
Capital Management LLC (“Los Angeles Capital”), Hotchkis & Wiley Capital
Management, LLC (“Hotchkis & Wiley”), Massachusetts Financial Services
Company (d/b/a MFS Investment Management) (“MFS”), and Voya Investment
Management Co LLC (“Voya”) manage a portion of the Portfolio and Wilshire
manages the Portfolio’s Swaps Strategy.
Los
Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process for security selection
and risk management. Los Angeles Capital utilizes its proprietary Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
to build equity portfolios that adapt to market conditions. The model considers
a range of valuation, earnings and management characteristics to identify
current drivers of return.
MFS
focuses on investing its portion of the Portfolio in the stocks of companies
that it believes are undervalued compared to their intrinsic value. MFS
evaluates the intrinsic value of a company by considering the full context of
how the company's cash flows are generated. MFS focuses on companies it believes
have intrinsic value greater than the perceived value by the marketplace and
seeks to invest in companies that exhibit characteristics such as cash flow in
excess of capital expenditures, conservative balances sheets, sustainable
competitive advantages, high returns on capital, and/or the ability to weather
economic downturns. These companies
may have stock prices that are higher relative to their earnings, dividends,
assets, or other financial measures than companies generally considered value
companies under a traditional value investment strategy. MFS
may invest its portion of the Portfolio in foreign securities. MFS normally
invests its portion of the Portfolio across different industries and sectors,
but MFS may invest a significant percentage of its portion of the Portfolio in
issuers in a single industry or sector. MFS uses an active bottom-up investment
approach to buying and selling investments for its portion of the Portfolio.
Investments are selected primarily based on fundamental analysis of individual
issuers. Quantitative screening tools that systematically evaluate issuers may
also be considered.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Hotchkis & Wiley seeks to invest in
stocks whose future prospects are misunderstood or not fully recognized by the
market. Hotchkis & Wiley employs a fundamental value investing approach
which seeks to exploit market inefficiencies created by irrational investor
behavior. To identify these investment opportunities, Hotchkis & Wiley
employs a disciplined, “bottom-up” investment process based on a proprietary
model that is augmented with internally-generated fundamental research. Hotchkis
& Wiley seeks broad diversified exposure to these investment opportunities
by holding approximately 50-80 portfolio securities. With the exception of
diversification guidelines, Hotchkis & Wiley does not employ pre-determined
rules for sales; rather, Hotchkis & Wiley evaluates each sell candidate
based on the candidate’s specific risk and return characteristics which include:
1) relative valuation; 2) fundamental operating trends; 3) deterioration of
fundamentals; and 4) diversification guidelines.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Voya focuses on managing a broad array of
fixed income investment opportunities, including but not limited to U.S.
government securities, securities of foreign governments, and supranational
organizations; bank loans; notes that can invest in securities with any credit
rating; mortgage-backed, asset-backed debt securities and other structured
credit securities, commercial paper and debt securities of foreign issuers,
including emerging market countries. In addition, Voya may also invest in its
affiliated registered investment companies.
The
Portfolio may appeal to you if:
•you
are a long-term investor;
• you
seek growth of capital;
• you
believe that the market will favor a particular investment style, such as large
cap value stocks, over other investment styles in the long term and you want a
more focused exposure to that investment style; or
• you
own other funds or stocks which provide exposure to some but not all investment
styles and would like a more complete exposure to the equity
market.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Portfolio. In addition, investing in
the Portfolio involves the following principal risks:
Market
Risk. The
Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or more
securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or instrument may
decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions
that are not specifically related to a particular company, including conditions
affecting the general economy; political, social, or economic instability at the
local, regional, or global level; the spread of infectious illness or other
public health issues in one or more countries or regions; geopolitical
conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine; and currency and
interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that the price of a
security will fall because the market perceives that there is or will be a
deterioration in the fundamental
value of the issuer or poor earnings performance by the issuer.
Market risk may affect a single security, company, industry, sector, or the
entire market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities
may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline
in value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Large-Cap
Company Risk. Investments in larger, more established companies may involve risks
associated with their larger size. For instance, larger, more established
companies may be less able to respond quickly to new competitive challenges,
such as changes in consumer tastes or innovation from smaller competitors. Also,
larger companies are sometimes less able to attain the high growth rates of
successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic
expansion.
Style
Risk. The Portfolio’s value style may perform poorly or fall out of favor
with investors. For example, at times the market may favor small capitalization
stocks over large capitalization stocks, growth stocks over value stocks, or
vice versa.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Derivatives
Risk. The use of derivatives, including forwards, swaps, futures, options
and currency transactions, may expose the Portfolio to risks in addition to and
greater than those associated with investing directly in the securities
underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect
correlations with underlying investments or the Portfolio’s other portfolio
holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit,
liquidity, segregation, valuation and legal restrictions. If the Adviser or a
subadviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of
derivatives could also result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited.
Use of derivatives may also cause the Portfolio to be subject to additional
regulations, which may generate additional Portfolio expenses. These practices
also entail transactional expenses and may cause the Portfolio to realize higher
amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Portfolio had not engaged in
such transactions.
Leverage
Risk. The use of derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase
agreements, unfunded commitments, tender option bonds and borrowings (typically
lines of credit) may create leveraging risk. For example, because of the low
margin deposit required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of
leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in an underlying
reference instrument may result in an immediate and substantial impact on a
fund’s NAV. Leveraging may cause the Portfolio’s performance to be more volatile
than if it had not been leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk and otherwise
comply with regulatory requirements, the Portfolio must segregate or earmark
liquid assets to meet its obligations under, or otherwise cover, the
transactions that may give rise to this risk, including, but not limited to,
futures, certain options, swaps and reverse repurchase agreements. Applicable
law limits a fund from borrowing in an amount greater than 33 ⅓% of its
assets.
Fixed-Income
Securities Risk. Fixed-income securities are subject to interest rate risk and credit
risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a fixed-income
security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the
general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most fixed-income
securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the
prices of most fixed-income securities go up. Fixed-income securities with
longer maturities typically are more sensitive to changes in interest rates,
making them more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Credit risk
refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable and/or
unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its
debt. Debt instruments are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which may
be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of
a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may occur
quickly and without advance warning following sudden market downturns or
unexpected developments involving an issuer, and which may adversely affect the
liquidity and value of the security.
High-Yield
Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds, present
greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of
default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely
affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Portfolio’s ability to sell its
bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the
Portfolio’s share price.
Sector
Risk. If
the Portfolio invests significantly in one or more sectors, market and economic
factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the value of
the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the volatility of
the Portfolio’s performance.
Financials
Sector. Financial
services companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which may
limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments they
can make, the interest rates and fees they can charge, the scope of their
activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must
maintain. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of
capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change or due
to increased competition. In addition, deterioration of the credit markets
generally may cause an adverse impact in a broad range
of markets, including U.S. and
international credit and interbank money markets generally, thereby affecting a
wide range of financial institutions and
markets.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage Backed Securities Risk. Investors in asset-backed securities (ABS), including mortgage-backed
securities (MBS) and structured finance investments, generally receive payments
that are part interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary
based on the rate at which the underlying borrowers pay off their loans or other
future expected receivables of assets or cash flows. Some ABS, including MBS,
may have structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors
difficult to predict, making them subject to liquidity risk.
Other
Investment Companies Risk. Investing in other investment vehicles, including registered
investment companies managed by a subadviser or an affiliate of a subadviser,
unaffiliated registered investment companies, closed-end funds and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs), subjects the Portfolio to those risks affecting
the investment vehicle, including the possibility that the value of the
underlying securities held by the investment vehicle could decrease. Moreover,
the Portfolio will incur its pro rata share of the underlying vehicles’
expenses.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to invest in the Portfolio. In
addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The bar chart and the performance table below provide an
indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio by showing how the
investment performance of the Investment Class Shares has varied from year to
year and by showing how the Portfolio’s average annual total returns compare to
those of a broad measure of market performance, as well as an additional index with investment characteristics
similar to those of the Fund. The
chart and table assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
The Portfolio’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
On
July 21, 2020, the Portfolio’s investment strategy was changed. Consequently,
prior period performance may have been different if the new investment strategy
had been in effect during these periods.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 21.04% (quarter ended December 31, 2020)
and the lowest return for a quarter
was -31.03% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the Portfolio’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
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| |
|
1
year |
5
years |
|
10
years |
|
Investment
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
15.96 |
% |
9.64 |
% |
| 6.89 |
% |
|
Return After
Taxes on Distributions |
15.20 |
% |
8.05 |
% |
| 4.90 |
% |
|
Return After
Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
9.98 |
% |
7.46 |
% |
| 4.99 |
% |
(1) |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
16.27 |
% |
9.95 |
% |
| 7.16 |
% |
|
FT
Wilshire 5000 Index(2)
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
26.10 |
% |
15.42 |
% |
| 11.70 |
% |
|
Russell
1000®
Value Total Return Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
11.46 |
% |
10.91 |
% |
| 8.40 |
% |
|
(1)
In
certain cases, the figure representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale of Shares” may be higher than the other return figures of the same period.
A higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and
provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the
investor.
(2)
The
Fund changed its broad-based securities market index from the Russell 1000®
Value Total Return Index to the FT Wilshire 5000 Index to reflect that the FT
Wilshire 5000 Index may be considered more broadly representative of the overall
applicable securities market.
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Portfolio shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans
or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Nathan
Palmer, CFA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a
Portfolio Manager for the Portfolio. He has served as Portfolio Manager since
July 2020.
Anthony
Wicklund, CFA, CAIA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves
as a portfolio manager for the Portfolio. He has served as Portfolio Manager
since July 2020.
Josh
Emanuel, CFA, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Wilshire
Advisors LLC, serves as portfolio manager for the Portfolio. He has served as
Portfolio Manager since July 2020.
Suehyun
Kim, Senior
Vice
President and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a portfolio manager for
the Portfolio. She has served as Portfolio Manager since July 2020.
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Stevens has served as Portfolio
Manager since April 2013.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Reynolds has served as Portfolio Manager
since April 2013.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since April 2013.
Daniel
Arche, CFA, Director
of Portfolio Strategy
and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
MFS
Benjamin
Stone, Investment Officer of MFS and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr.
Stone has served as Portfolio Manager since January 2021.
Timothy
W. Dittmer, Investment Officer of MFS and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Dittmer has served as Portfolio Manager since January 2021.
Hotchkis
& Wiley
George
Davis, Jr. is Executive Chairman and a Portfolio Manager on various of Hotchkis
& Wiley’s portfolio manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Davis has been with Hotchkis & Wiley since 1988 and has
served as a Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio since December 2021.
Scott
McBride, CFA, is Chief Executive Officer and a Portfolio Manager on various of
Hotchkis & Wiley’s portfolio manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. McBride has been with Hotchkis & Wiley since 2001 and has
served as a Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio since December 2021.
Judd
Peters, CFA, is a Portfolio Manager on various of Hotchkis & Wiley’s
portfolio manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Peters
has been with Hotchkis & Wiley since 2003 and has served as a Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio since December 2021.
Voya
Raj
Jadav, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Voya and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Jadav has served as Portfolio Manager since 2024.
Sean
Banai, CFA, Head of portfolio management for the fixed income platform of Voya
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Banai has served as Portfolio
Manager since July 2020.
Brian
Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, Head of Fixed Income Research of Voya and Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Timberlake has served as Portfolio Manager since
July 2020.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Portfolio are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are a
client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution which has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500.
Subsequent investments for the Portfolio must be at least $100. The minimum
investments do not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Portfolio. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Portfolio (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when you
are tax-exempt or when your
investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any
withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may be
taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Small Company Growth
Portfolio
Investment
Objective
The
Small Company Growth Portfolio’s (the “Portfolio”) investment objective is to
seek capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the
Small Company Growth Portfolio
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and
sell shares of the Portfolio. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
0.85% |
0.85% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.07% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.75% |
0.79% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.67% |
1.64% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.32)% |
(0.54)% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.35% |
1.10% |
(1)Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a contractual expense limitation
agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the
Portfolio to waive a portion of its management fee or reimburse other expenses
(including class-specific shareholder servicing fees) to limit expenses of the
Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short
securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and 1.10% of average daily net
assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares, respectively.
This agreement to limit expenses continues through at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the
Portfolio’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup
the amount of any management fee waived/expenses reimbursed within three years
from the date on which it waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the
recoupment does not exceed the existing expense limitation as well as the
expense limitation that was in place at the time of the fee waiver/expense
reimbursement.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes one
year of capped expenses, that your investment has a 5% return each year and that
the Portfolio’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
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|
|
|
| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$137 |
$495 |
$877 |
$1,949 |
Institutional
Class |
$112 |
$464 |
$841 |
$1,898 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023,
the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 81%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests substantially all of its assets in the common stock of
companies with smaller market capitalizations—generally within the range of
companies comprising the Russell 2000®
Growth Index (as of December 31, 2023,
this range was between approximately
$24.54 million and $15.87 billion)
at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and composition of the
companies in the Russell 2000®
Growth Index are subject to change.
The
Portfolio invests in companies that historically have above average earnings or
above average sales growth and retention of earnings, often such companies have
above average price to earnings ratios.
The
Portfolio uses a multi-manager strategy where multiple subadvisers employ
different strategies with respect to separate portions of the Portfolio in order
achieve the Portfolio’s investment objective. Wilshire typically allocates the
Portfolio’s assets among the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance with its
outlook for the economy and the financial markets. Each of Los Angeles Capital
Management LLC (“Los Angeles Capital”), Granahan Investment Management, Inc.
(“Granahan”), and Ranger Investment Management, L.P (“Ranger”) manage a portion
of the Portfolio.
Los
Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process for security selection
and risk management. Los Angeles Capital utilizes its proprietary Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
to build equity portfolios that adapt to market conditions. The model considers
a range of valuation, earnings and management characteristics to identify
current drivers of return.
Ranger’s
investment team searches for quality growth companies by implementing a
bottom-up, fundamental research driven security selection process. In the
research process, Ranger focuses on identifying small- and mid-capitalization
U.S. equities characterized by accelerating revenue and earnings growth, high
recurring revenues, strong balance sheets and free cash flow generation. In
addition to extensive quantitative analysis, Ranger gives careful consideration
to qualitative analysis and judgment of the management team, accounting
practices, corporate governance, and the company’s competitive advantage. Ranger
utilizes proprietary systems to monitor portfolios, to better understand risks
and identify companies that violate Ranger’s sell disciplines. Ranger seeks to
identify problem stocks early and enhance performance by removing them before
they become significant problems.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Granahan uses a disciplined fundamental,
bottom-up research approach in order to uncover the best opportunities in the
small-capitalization market. Granahan focuses on stocks with market caps of $50
million to $750 million at purchase and maintains exposure to companies across
three different stages in their LifeCycles: Special Situations (20% to 45%) -
companies with a prosaic earnings record yet bearing an identifiable catalyst
(this category also includes cyclicals); Pioneers (20% to 40%) - aggressive
growth stocks with little to no track record (mostly non-earners) but
substantial potential; and Core Growth (20% to 40%) - companies with proven
earnings records that are expected to persist.
The
Portfolio may appeal to you if:
•you
are a long-term investor;
•you
seek growth of capital;
•you
believe that the market will favor a particular investment style, such as
small-cap growth stocks, over other investment styles in the long term and you
want a more focused exposure to that investment style; or
•you
own other funds or stocks which provide exposure to some but not all investment
styles and would like a more complete exposure to the equity
market.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Portfolio. In addition, investing in
the Portfolio involves the following principal risks:
Market
Risk. The Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or
more securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or
instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company,
including conditions affecting the general economy; political, social, or
economic instability at the local, regional, or global level; the spread of
infectious illness or other public health issues in one or more countries or
regions; geopolitical conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine;
and currency and interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that
the price of a security will fall because the market perceives that there is or
will be a deterioration in the fundamental value of the issuer or poor earnings
performance by the issuer. Market risk may affect a single security, company,
industry, sector, or the entire market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities
may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline
in value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Small-Cap
Risk. Small-cap companies may lack the management experience, financial
resources, product diversity and competitive strengths of larger companies, and
may be traded less frequently. These companies may be in the developmental stage
or may be older companies undergoing significant changes. Small-cap companies
may also be subject to greater business risks and more sensitive to changes in
economic conditions than larger more established companies. As a result, the
prices of small-cap companies may rise and fall more sharply. When a fund takes
significant positions in small-cap companies with limited trading volumes, the
liquidation of those positions, particularly in a distressed market, could be
prolonged and result in fund investment losses that would affect the value of
your investment in a fund.
Style
Risk. The Portfolio’s growth style may perform poorly or fall out of favor
with investors. For example, at times the market may favor large capitalization
stocks over small capitalization stocks, growth stocks over value stocks, or
vice versa.
Sector
Risk. If
the Portfolio invests significantly in one or more sectors, market and economic
factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the value of
the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the volatility of
the Portfolio’s performance.
Health
Care Sector.
The health care sector may be affected by government regulations and government
healthcare programs, increases or decreases in the cost of medical products and
services and product liability claims, among other factors. Many health care
companies are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of a
patent may adversely affect their
profitability. Health care companies are subject to competitive
forces that may result in price discounting, and may be thinly capitalized and
susceptible to product obsolescence.
Information
Technology Sector. Information technology companies may
also be smaller and less experienced companies, with limited product lines,
markets or financial resources and fewer experienced management or marketing
personnel. Information technology company stocks, especially those which are
Internet related, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that
are often unrelated to their operating
performance.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to invest in the Portfolio. In
addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The
bar chart and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of
investing in the Portfolio by showing how the investment performance of the
Investment Class Shares has varied from year to year and by showing how the
Portfolio’s average annual total returns compare to those of a broad measure of
market performance as
well as a secondary benchmark. The Portfolio’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 27.07% (quarter ended June 30, 2020) and
the lowest return for a quarter
was -24.03% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the Portfolio’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
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| |
|
1
year |
|
5
years |
|
10
years |
|
Investment
Class |
|
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
17.91 |
% |
| 8.40 |
% |
| 7.16 |
% |
|
Return After
Taxes on Distributions |
17.91 |
% |
| 4.97 |
% |
| 4.27 |
% |
|
Return After
Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
10.60 |
% |
| 6.55 |
% |
(1) |
5.29 |
% |
(1) |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
18.21 |
% |
| 8.67 |
% |
| 7.44 |
% |
|
FT
Wilshire 5000 Index(2)
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
26.10 |
% |
| 15.42 |
% |
| 11.70 |
% |
|
Russell
2000®
Growth Total Return Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
18.66 |
% |
| 9.22 |
% |
| 7.16 |
% |
|
(1)
In
certain cases, the figure representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale of Shares” may be higher than the other return figures of the same period.
A higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and
provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the
investor.
(2)
The
Fund changed its broad-based securities market index from the Russell 2000®
Growth Total Return Index to the FT Wilshire 5000 Index to reflect that the FT
Wilshire 5000 Index may be considered more broadly representative of the overall
applicable securities market.
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Portfolio shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans
or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Stevens has served as Portfolio
Manager since April 2002.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Reynolds has served as Portfolio Manager
since January 2011.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since January 2011.
Daniel
Arche, CFA, Director
of Portfolio Strategy and
Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
Ranger
W.
Conrad Doenges, Chief Investment Officer and
Portfolio Manager
of Ranger and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Doenges has served as
Portfolio Manager since September 2004.
Andrew
Hill, President
and Portfolio Manager of Ranger and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Hill
has served as Portfolio Manager since May 2017.
Joseph
LaBate, Managing
Director
and Portfolio Manager of Ranger and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr.
LaBate has served as Portfolio Manager since May 2017.
Brown
McCullough, Director and
Portfolio Manager of Ranger and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr.
McCullough has served as Portfolio Manager since April 2023.
Granahan
Jeff
Harrison, is Senior Vice President and Managing Director of Granahan and serves
as a Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Harrison has served as Portfolio
Manager of the Portfolio since December 2021.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Portfolio are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are a
client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution which has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500.
Subsequent investments for the Portfolio must be at least $100. The minimum
investments do not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Portfolio. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Portfolio (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when you
are tax-exempt or when
your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
Any withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may
be taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Small Company Value
Portfolio
Investment
Objective
The
Small Company Value Portfolio’s (the “Portfolio”) investment objective is to
seek capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the
Small Company Value Portfolio
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and
sell shares of the Portfolio. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
|
|
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|
|
| |
|
Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
0.85% |
0.85% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.87% |
0.87% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.97% |
1.72% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.62)% |
(0.62)% |
Total
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.35% |
1.10% |
(1) Wilshire Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a
contractual expense limitation agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the
“Company”), on behalf of the Portfolio to waive a portion of its management fee
or reimburse other expenses (including class-specific shareholder servicing
fees) to limit expenses of the Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses,
dividend expenses on short securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and
1.10% of average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional
Class Shares, respectively. This agreement to limit expenses continues through
at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the
Portfolio’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup
the amount of any management fee waived/expenses reimbursed within three years
from the date on which it waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the
recoupment does not exceed the existing expense limitation as well as the
expense limitation that was in place at the time of the fee waiver/expense
reimbursement.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes one
year of capped expenses, that your investment has a 5% return each year and that
the Portfolio’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
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| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$137 |
$558 |
$1005 |
$2,246 |
Institutional
Class |
$112 |
$481 |
$875 |
$1,979 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023,
the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 65%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests substantially all of its assets in the common stock of
companies with smaller market capitalizations—generally within the range of
companies comprising the Russell 2000®
Value Index (as of December 31, 2023,
this range was between approximately $24.72
million and $10.49 billion)
at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and composition of the
companies in the Russell 2000®
Value Index are subject to change.
The
Portfolio invests, generally, in companies with relatively low price to book
value ratios, relatively low price to earnings ratios and relatively high
dividend yields (dividend yields for small companies are generally less than
those of large companies).
The
Portfolio uses a multi-manager strategy where multiple subadvisers employ
different strategies with respect to separate portions of the Portfolio in order
achieve the Portfolio’s investment objective. Wilshire typically allocates the
Portfolio’s assets among the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance with its
outlook for the economy and the financial markets. Each of Diamond Hill Capital
Management, Inc. (“Diamond Hill”), Los Angeles Capital Management LLC (“Los
Angeles Capital”), and Hotchkis & Wiley Capital Management, LLC (“Hotchkis
& Wiley”) manage a portion of the Portfolio.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Diamond Hill focuses on estimating a
company’s value independent of its current stock price. To estimate a company’s
value, Diamond Hill concentrates on the fundamental economic drivers of the
business. The primary focus is on a “bottom-up” analysis, which takes into
consideration earnings, revenue growth, operating margins and other economic
factors.
Los
Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process for security selection
and risk management. Los Angeles Capital utilizes its proprietary Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
to build equity portfolios that adapt to market conditions. The model considers
a range of valuation, earnings and management characteristics to identify
current drivers of return.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Hotchkis & Wiley seeks to invest in
stocks whose future prospects are misunderstood or not fully recognized by the
market. Hotchkis & Wiley employs a fundamental value investing approach
which seeks to exploit market inefficiencies created by irrational investor
behavior. To identify these investment opportunities, Hotchkis & Wiley
employs a disciplined, “bottom-up” investment process based on a proprietary
model that is augmented with internally-generated fundamental research. Hotchkis
& Wiley seeks broad diversified exposure to these investment opportunities
by holding approximately 300-400 portfolio securities. With the exception of
diversification guidelines, Hotchkis & Wiley does not employ pre-determined
rules for sales; rather, Hotchkis & Wiley evaluates each sell candidate
based on the candidate’s specific risk and return characteristics which include:
1) relative valuation; 2) fundamental operating trends; 3) deterioration of
fundamentals; and 4) diversification guidelines.
The
Portfolio may appeal to you if:
•you
are a long-term investor;
•you
seek growth of capital;
•you
believe that the market will favor a particular investment style, such as
small-cap value stocks, over other investment styles in the long term and you
want a more focused exposure to that investment style; or
•you
own other funds or stocks which provide exposure to some but not all investment
styles and would like a more complete exposure to the equity
market.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Portfolio. In addition, investing in
the Portfolio involves the following principal risks:
Market
Risk. The Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or
more securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or
instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company,
including conditions affecting the general economy; political, social, or
economic instability at the local, regional, or global level; the spread of
infectious illness or other public health issues in one or more countries or
regions; geopolitical conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine;
and currency and interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that
the price of a security will fall because the market perceives that there is or
will be a deterioration in the fundamental value of the issuer or poor earnings
performance by the issuer. Market risk may affect a single security, company,
industry, sector, or the entire market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities
may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline
in value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Small-Cap
Company Risk. Small-cap companies may lack the management experience, financial
resources, product diversity and competitive strengths of larger companies, and
may be traded less frequently. These companies may be in the developmental stage
or may be older companies undergoing significant changes. Small-cap companies
may also be subject to greater business risks and more sensitive to changes in
economic conditions than larger more established companies. As a result, the
prices of small-cap companies may rise and fall more sharply. When a fund takes
significant positions in small-cap companies with limited trading volumes, the
liquidation of those positions, particularly in a distressed market, could be
prolonged and result in fund investment losses that would affect the value of
your investment in a fund.
Style
Risk. The Portfolio’s value style may perform poorly or fall out of favor
with investors. For example, at times the market may favor large capitalization
stocks over small capitalization stocks, growth stocks over value stocks, or
vice versa.
Sector
Risk. If
the Portfolio invests significantly in one or more sectors, market and economic
factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the value of
the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the volatility of
the Portfolio’s performance.
Financials
Sector. Financial
services companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which may
limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments they
can make, the interest rates and fees they can charge, the scope of their
activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must
maintain. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of
capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change or due
to increased competition. In addition, deterioration of the credit markets
generally may cause an adverse impact in a broad range
of markets, including U.S. and
international credit and interbank money markets generally, thereby affecting a
wide range of financial institutions and
markets.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to invest in the Portfolio. In
addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The
bar chart and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of
investing in the Portfolio by showing how the investment performance of the
Investment Class Shares has varied from year to year and by showing how the
Portfolio’s average annual total returns compare to those of a broad measure of
market performance,
as well as an additional index with investment characteristics similar to those
of the Fund.
The Portfolio’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
Performance
during 2014 was primarily attributable to the Portfolio’s holdings of Integrated
Device Technology and International Rectifier (specifically during the third
quarter).
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 32.25% (quarter ended December 31, 2020)
and the lowest return for a quarter
was -37.30% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the Portfolio’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
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1
year |
|
5
years |
|
10
years |
Investment
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
17.29 |
% |
| 11.10 |
% |
| 6.97 |
% |
Return After
Taxes on Distributions |
16.19 |
% |
| 10.16 |
% |
| 5.30 |
% |
Return After
Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
10.96 |
% |
| 8.74 |
% |
| 5.11 |
% |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
17.62 |
% |
| 11.38 |
% |
| 7.25 |
% |
FT
Wilshire 5000 Index(1)
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
26.10 |
% |
| 15.42 |
% |
| 11.70 |
% |
Russell
2000 Value Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
14.65 |
% |
| 10.00 |
% |
| 6.76 |
% |
(1)
The Fund
changed its broad-based securities market index from the Russell 2000 Value
Index to the FT Wilshire 5000 Index to reflect that the FT Wilshire 5000 Index
may be considered more broadly representative of the overall applicable
securities market.
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest
individual federal marginal income tax rates for each year in the period and do
not reflect the impact of state and local taxes.
Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Portfolio shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans
or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
Diamond
Hill
Aaron
Monroe, CFA, is a Portfolio Manager on various of Diamond Hill’s portfolio
manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the Small Company Value Portfolio.
Mr.
Monroe
has been with Diamond Hill since 2007 and has served as a Portfolio Manager of
the Small Company Value Portfolio since December 2019.
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Stevens has served as Portfolio
Manager since April 2002.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Reynolds has served as Portfolio Manager
since January 2011.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since January 2011.
Daniel
Arche, CFA,
Director of Portfolio Strategy
and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
Hotchkis
& Wiley
Judd
Peters, CFA, is a Portfolio Manager on various of Hotchkis & Wiley’s
portfolio manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the Small Company Value
Portfolio. Mr. Peters has been with Hotchkis & Wiley since 2003 and has
served as a Portfolio Manager of the Small Company Value Portfolio since
December 2019.
Ryan
Thomes, CFA, is a Portfolio Manager on various of Hotchkis & Wiley’s
portfolio manager teams and is a Portfolio Manager of the Small Company Value
Portfolio. Mr. Thomes has been with Hotchkis & Wiley since 2008 and has
served as a Portfolio Manager of the Small Company Value Portfolio since
December 2019.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Portfolio are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Portfolio is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are a
client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution which has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500.
Subsequent investments for the Portfolio must be at least $100. The minimum
investments do not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Portfolio. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Portfolio (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when you
are tax-exempt or when
your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
Any withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may
be taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Wilshire
5000 IndexSM
Fund
Investment
Objective
The
Wilshire 5000 IndexSM
Fund’s (the “Index Fund” or the “Portfolio”) investment objective is to
replicate as closely as possible the performance of the FT
Wilshire 5000 IndexSM,
formerly known as the Wilshire 5000 IndexSM,
(the
“Index”) before the deduction of Index Fund
expenses.
Fees
and Expenses of the Wilshire 5000 IndexSM
Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Index Fund. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
0.10% |
0.10% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.20% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.29% |
0.25% |
Acquired
Fund Fees and Expenses |
0.01% |
0.01% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1) |
0.60% |
0.36% |
(1)Total Annual Fund
Operating Expenses for the Portfolio will not correlate to the Ratio of Expenses
to Average Net Assets shown in the Portfolio’s most recent Annual Report and in
the Financial Highlights section of the Prospectus, which reflects the operating
expenses of the Portfolio and does not include acquired fund fees and
expenses.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Index Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that
your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Index Fund’s operating
expenses remain the same. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$61 |
$192 |
$335 |
$750 |
Institutional
Class |
$37 |
$116 |
$202 |
$456 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Index Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Index
Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected
in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Index Fund’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023,
the Index Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Index Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in the equity securities of
companies included in the Index that are representative of the Index (as of
December 31, 2023,
this range was between approximately $3.21
million and $2.99 trillion and
56.5% of the Index is invested in companies in the information technology
sector). The Index Fund normally holds stocks representing at
least 95%
of the total market value of the Index.
The
Index is an unmanaged index that measures the performance of all equity
securities of U.S. headquartered issuers with readily available price data. The
Index includes approximately 3,500 stocks, with each stock weighted according to
its float-adjusted market value. This means that companies having larger stock
capitalizations will have a larger impact on the market value of the Index. The
Index has been computed continuously since 1974 and is published daily in many
major U.S. news outlets and is the broadest measure of the U.S. equity market.
The
Index Fund seeks to minimize variance relative to the Index and may use enhanced
“stratified sampling” techniques in an attempt to replicate the performance of
the Index. Stratified sampling is a technique that uses sector weighting and
portfolio characteristics profiling to keep the Index Fund within acceptable
parameter ranges relative to the benchmark. The Index Fund may invest in the
common stock of companies of any size, including small-cap
companies.
Los
Angeles Capital Management LLC (“Los Angeles Capital”) manages the Index Fund
using a passive investment approach for portfolio construction. Los Angeles
Capital uses sector weighting and portfolio characteristic profiling to keep the
Index Fund within acceptable parameter ranges relative to the
benchmark.
The
Index Fund may appeal to you if:
•you
are a long-term investor;
•you
seek growth of capital;
•you
seek to capture investment returns that are representative of the entire U.S.
equity market;
•you
seek to potentially reduce risk through broad diversification across large and
small capitalization stocks and value and growth stocks; or
•you
seek an index fund which, unlike a traditional index fund, includes the equity
securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies as well as large
capitalization companies.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Index Fund. In addition, investing in
the Index Fund involves the following principal risks:
Market
Risk. The Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or
more securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or
instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company,
including conditions affecting the general economy; political, social, or
economic instability at the local, regional, or global level; the spread of
infectious illness or other public health issues in one or more countries or
regions; geopolitical conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine;
and currency and interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that
the price of a security will fall because the market perceives that there is or
will be a deterioration in the fundamental value of the issuer or poor earnings
performance by the issuer. Market risk may affect a single security, company,
industry, sector, or the entire market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities
may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline
in value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Index
Tracking Risk. There is a risk that the Index Fund’s performance may not exactly
match the performance of the Index. The Index Fund does not hold every stock
contained in the Index and the performance of the stocks held in the Index Fund
may not track exactly the performance of the stocks held in the Index.
Furthermore, unlike the Index, the Index Fund incurs management fees, 12b-1 fees
(for Investment Class Shares only), administrative expenses and transaction
costs in trading stocks.
Sector
Risk. If
one or more sectors constitutes a significant portion of the Index, market and
economic factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the
value of the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the
volatility of the Portfolio’s performance.
Information
Technology Sector. Information technology companies may be
smaller and less experienced companies, with limited product lines, markets or
financial resources and fewer experienced management or marketing personnel.
Information technology company stocks, especially those which are Internet
related, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are often
unrelated to their operating performance.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. The Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Other
Investment Companies Risk. Investing in other investment vehicles, including registered
investment companies, closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs),
subjects the Portfolio to those risks affecting the investment vehicle,
including the possibility that the value of the underlying securities held by
the investment vehicle could decrease. Moreover, the Portfolio will incur its
pro rata share of the underlying vehicles’ expenses.
Past
Performance
The bar chart
and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of investing
in the Index Fund by showing how the investment performance of the Investment
Class Shares has varied from year to year and by showing how the Index Fund’s
average annual total returns compare to those of a broad measure of market
performance. The Index Fund’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 21.41% (quarter ended June 30, 2020) and
the lowest return for a quarter
was -20.37% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the Index Fund’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
1
year |
|
5
years |
10
years |
Investment
Class |
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
24.92 |
% |
| 14.61 |
% |
11.00 |
% |
Return
After Taxes on Distributions |
23.95 |
% |
| 13.05 |
% |
9.65 |
% |
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
15.44 |
% |
| 11.56 |
% |
8.78 |
% |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
25.21 |
% |
| 14.89 |
% |
11.28 |
% |
FT
Wilshire 5000 Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses or taxes) |
26.10 |
% |
| 15.42 |
% |
11.70 |
% |
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Index Fund shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans
or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Subadviser
and Portfolio Managers
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the Index Fund. Mr. Stevens has served as Portfolio
Manager since April 2002.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the Index Fund. Mr. Reynolds has served as Portfolio
Manager since January 2011.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the Index Fund. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since January 2011.
Daniel
Arche, CFA, Director
of Portfolio Strategy
and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
Index Fund. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Index Fund are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Index Fund is $1,000. Subsequent
investments for the Index Fund must be at least $100. The minimum investments do
not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Index Fund. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Index Fund (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Index Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when you
are tax-exempt or when
your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
Any withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may
be taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Index Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Index Fund and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Index Fund shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Index Fund over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Wilshire International
Equity Fund
Investment
Objective
The
Wilshire International Equity Fund (the “International Fund” or the “Portfolio”)
seeks capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the
International Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the International Fund. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Shareholder
Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Maximum
Sales Charge (load) imposed on purchases |
None |
None |
Maximum
Deferred Sales Charge (load) |
None |
None |
Redemption
Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed) on Shares held for 60 days or
less |
1.00% |
1.00% |
Maximum
Account Fee |
None |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment Class |
Institutional Class |
Management
Fees |
1.00% |
1.00% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.52% |
0.43% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.77% |
1.43% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.27)% |
(0.18)% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.50% |
1.25% |
(1)Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a contractual expense limitation
agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the
International Fund to waive a portion of its management fee or reimburse other
expenses (including class-specific shareholder servicing fees) to limit expenses
of the International Fund (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend
expenses on short securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.50% and 1.25% of
average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class
Shares, respectively. This agreement to limit expenses continues through at
least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the
International Fund’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may
recoup the amount of any management fee waived within three years from the date
on which it waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the recoupment does not
exceed the existing expense limitation as well as the expense limitation that
was in place at the time of the fee waiver/expense
reimbursement.
Example:
This example is
intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the International Fund
with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you
invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares
at the end of those periods. The example also assumes one year of capped
expenses, that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the
International Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$153 |
$531 |
$934 |
$2,063 |
Institutional
Class |
$127 |
$435 |
$765 |
$1,698 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
International Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and
sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover
rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when
International Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are
not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the
International Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31,
2023,
the International Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 55%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
International Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net
assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity
securities. The International Fund primarily invests in equity
securities of established companies that the subadvisers believe have favorable
characteristics and that are listed on foreign exchanges.
The
International Fund primarily invests in companies organized outside of the
United States or companies that are organized in the United States, but
primarily operate outside of the United States or derive a significant portion
of its revenues outside of the United States. The International Fund intends to
diversify its investments in operating companies among at least three different
countries. The International Fund also invests in emerging market securities
(securities of issuers based in countries with developing economies).
The
International Fund engages in leverage by investing in MSCI EAFE Index (USD)
derivatives or MSCI Emerging Market Index (USD) derivatives, the notional value
of which equals approximately 20% of the Portfolio’s net assets. The Portfolio’s
derivatives exposure is backed by a portfolio of fixed income securities
representing approximately 20% of the Portfolio’s net assets. An MSCI EAFE Index
(USD) derivative or MSCI Emerging Market Index (USD) derivative is a derivative
contract, typically a swap agreement, that uses the MSCI EAFE Index (USD) or
MSCI Emerging Market Index (USD) as its reference asset. The portion of the
International Fund invested in derivatives seeks to track the daily performance
of the MSCI EAFE Index (USD) or MSCI Emerging Market Index (USD) (the “Swaps
Strategy”) and invests in such derivatives in addition to or in place of
companies within the MSCI EAFE Index (USD) derivative or MSCI Emerging Market
Index (USD). In addition to swaps, the International Fund may invest in other
types of derivatives including options, futures, options on futures, and other
similar instruments. For purposes of the International Fund’s 80% test, MSCI
EAFE Index (USD) derivatives and MSCI Emerging Market Index (USD) derivatives
will be counted as equity securities and will be valued at notional value rather
than market value.
Fixed
income securities held by the Portfolio may include bonds, debt securities,
asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities and other similar instruments. The
fixed income securities are typically expected to have a duration between 0 and
2 years. The International Fund may also invest in fixed-income securities of
foreign governments and companies and in currency forward agreements and spot
transactions to facilitate settlement of multi-currency investments. The
International Fund may invest in below investment grade debt securities,
commonly known as “high-yield” securities or “junk bonds.”
The
International Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization,
including small-cap companies. The International Fund may invest equity
securities of other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds.
The
International Fund uses a multi-manager strategy with subadvisers who may employ
different strategies. Wilshire typically allocates the Portfolio’s assets among
the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance with its outlook for the economy and
the financial markets. Each of WCM Investment Management LLC (“WCM”), Los
Angeles Capital Management LLC (“Los Angeles Capital”), Pzena Investment
Management, LLC (“Pzena”), Lazard Asset Management LLC (“Lazard”), and Voya
Investment Management Co LLC (“Voya”) manage a portion of the International
Fund’s portfolio and Wilshire manages the Portfolio’s Swaps
Strategy.
WCM’s
international equity strategy employs a bottom-up approach that seeks to
identify companies with attractive fundamentals, such as long-term growth in
revenue and earnings, and that show a strong probability for superior future
growth.
Los
Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process for security selection
and risk management. Los Angeles Capital utilizes its proprietary Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
to build equity portfolios that adapt to market conditions. The model considers
a range of valuation, earnings and management characteristics to identify
current drivers of return.
Pzena
has a “classic” value investment philosophy; it seeks to buy very good
businesses at very low prices. Pzena focuses exclusively on companies that it
believes are underperforming their historically demonstrated earnings power.
Pzena applies intensive fundamental research to such companies to determine
whether the problems that caused the earnings shortfalls are temporary or
permanent. Pzena invests in a company only when it judges that the company’s
problems are temporary, the company’s management has a viable strategy to
generate earnings recovery, and Pzena believes there is meaningful downside
protection in case the earnings recovery does not materialize. Pzena generally
sells a security when it believes there are more attractive opportunities
available, or there is a change in the fundamental characteristics of the
issuer.
In
managing its portion of the International Fund, Lazard selects securities ranked
according to four independent proprietary measures: growth, value, sentiment and
quality. Growth potential is measured by looking at the consistency of earnings
and sales over the past few years and then by leveraging this data, along with
margins, research and development, capital expenditures, cash flow growth and
other reported financial metrics to project future growth
potential.
In managing its portion of the Portfolio, Voya focuses on managing a
broad array of fixed income investment opportunities, including but not limited
to U.S. government securities, securities of foreign governments, and
supranational organizations; bank loans; notes that can invest in securities
with any credit rating; mortgage-backed, asset-backed debt securities and other
structured credit securities, commercial paper and debt securities of foreign
issuers, including emerging market countries. In addition, Voya may also invest
in its affiliated registered investment companies.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money investing in the International Fund. In addition,
investing in the International Fund involves the following principal
risks:
Market
Risk. The Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or
more securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or
instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company,
including conditions affecting the general economy; political, social, or
economic instability at the local, regional, or global level; the spread of
infectious illness or other public health issues in one or more countries or
regions; geopolitical conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine;
and currency and interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that
the price of a security will fall because the market perceives that there is or
will be a deterioration in the fundamental value of the issuer or poor earnings
performance by the issuer. Market risk may affect a single security, company,
industry, sector, or the entire market.
Equity
Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities
may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline
in value. This may occur because of factors affecting a particular company or
industry or the securities markets generally. Because certain types of equity
securities, such as common stocks, are generally subordinate to preferred stocks
in a company’s capital structure, in a company liquidation, the claims of
secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds and preferred stocks take
precedence over the claims of common stock shareholders.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Foreign securities (including American depository receipts (ADRs) and
global depository receipts (GDRs)) could be affected by factors not present in
the U.S., including expropriation, confiscation of property, political
instability, differences in financial reporting standards, less stringent
regulation of securities markets, and difficulties in enforcing contracts.
Compared to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information
about foreign companies and less governmental regulation and supervision of
foreign companies. Foreign securities generally experience more volatility than
their domestic counterparts. Political and economic developments may adversely
impact the value of foreign securities. Any depositary receipts are subject to
most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly
because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of
the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to
liquidity risk. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and
foreign currencies may negatively affect an investment.
Emerging
Markets Risk. The
Portfolio may invest in securities in emerging markets. Foreign investment risk
may be particularly high to the extent a fund invests, in securities of issuers
based in countries with developing economies (i.e., emerging markets). Investments in emerging markets securities are
generally subject to a greater level of those risks associated with investing in
foreign securities, as emerging markets are considered less developed than
developing countries. Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries are
generally subject to additional risks, including trading on smaller markets,
having lower volumes of trading, and being subject to lower levels of government
regulation and less extensive accounting, financial and other reporting
requirements. These securities may also present credit, currency, liquidity,
legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of
investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) countries.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage Backed Securities Risk. Investors in asset-backed securities (ABS), including mortgage-backed
securities (MBS) and structured finance investments, generally receive payments
that are part interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary
based on the rate at which the underlying borrowers pay off their loans or other
future expected receivables of assets or cash flows. Some ABS, including MBS,
may have structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors
difficult to predict, making them subject to liquidity risk.
Derivatives
Risk. The use of derivatives, including forwards, swaps, futures, options
and currency transactions, may expose the Portfolio to risks in addition to and
greater than those associated with investing directly in the securities
underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect
correlations with underlying investments or the Portfolio’s other portfolio
holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit,
liquidity, segregation, valuation and legal restrictions. If the Adviser or a
subadviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of
derivatives could also result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited.
Use of derivatives may also cause the Portfolio to be subject to additional
regulations, which may generate additional Portfolio expenses. These practices
also entail transactional expenses and may cause the Portfolio to realize higher
amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Portfolio had not engaged in
such transactions.
Leverage
Risk. The
use of derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements,
unfunded commitments, tender option bonds and borrowings (typically lines of
credit) may create leveraging risk. For example, because of the low margin
deposit required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage.
As a result, a relatively small price movement in an underlying reference
instrument may result in an immediate and substantial impact on a fund’s NAV.
Leveraging may cause the Portfolio’s performance to be more volatile than if it
had not been leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk and otherwise comply with
regulatory
requirements, the Portfolio must segregate or earmark liquid assets
to meet its obligations under, or otherwise cover, the transactions that may
give rise to this risk, including, but not limited to, futures, certain options,
swaps and reverse repurchase agreements. Applicable law limits a fund from
borrowing in an amount greater than 33 ⅓% of its assets.
Fixed-Income
Securities Risk. Fixed-income securities are subject to interest rate risk and credit
risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a fixed-income
security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the
general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most fixed-income
securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the
prices of most fixed-income securities go up. Fixed-income securities with
longer maturities typically are more sensitive to changes in interest rates,
making them more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Credit risk
refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable and/or
unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its
debt. Debt instruments are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which may
be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of
a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may occur
quickly and without advance warning following sudden market downturns or
unexpected developments involving an issuer, and which may adversely affect the
liquidity and value of the security.
High-Yield
Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds, present
greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of
default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely
affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Portfolio’s ability to sell its
bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the
Portfolio’s share price.
Other
Investment Companies Risk. Investing in other investment vehicles, including registered
investment companies managed by a subadviser or an affiliate of a subadviser,
unaffiliated registered investment companies, closed-end funds and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs), subjects the Portfolio to those risks affecting
the investment vehicle, including the possibility that the value of the
underlying securities held by the investment vehicle could decrease. Moreover,
the Portfolio will incur its pro rata share of the underlying vehicles’
expenses.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to invest in the Portfolio. In
addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option for unaffiliated mutual
funds and other investors with substantial investments in the Portfolio. As a
result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to
time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the
Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it
otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization
of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The bar chart
and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of investing
in the International Fund by showing how the investment performance of the
Investment Class Shares has varied from year to year and by showing how the
International Fund’s average annual total returns compare to those of a broad
measure of market performance. The
International Fund’s past investment performance (before and after taxes) does
not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. For
more recent performance figures, go to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
The
International Fund’s investment strategy was changed on April 2, 2013 and on
July 21, 2020. Consequently, prior period performance may have been different if
the current investment strategy had been in effect during those
periods.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 21.32% (quarter ended June 30, 2020) and
the lowest return for a quarter
was -24.10% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the International Fund’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
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| |
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1
year |
|
5
years |
|
10
years |
Investment
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
17.12 |
% |
| 9.00 |
% |
| 4.71 |
% |
Return
After Taxes on Distributions |
16.53 |
% |
| 7.66 |
% |
| 3.91 |
% |
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
10.95 |
% |
| 7.25 |
% |
| 3.78 |
% |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
|
| |
Return Before
Taxes |
17.34 |
% |
| 9.27 |
% |
| 4.97 |
% |
MSCI
All Country World Index ex-US Investable Market Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses and taxes) |
15.62 |
% |
| 7.18 |
% |
| 3.97 |
% |
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their International Fund shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as
401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Nathan
Palmer, CFA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a
Portfolio Manager for the International Fund. He has served as Portfolio Manager
since July 2020.
Anthony
Wicklund, CFA, CAIA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves
as a portfolio manager for the International Fund. He has served as Portfolio
Manager since July 2020.
Josh
Emanuel, CFA, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Wilshire
Advisors LLC, serves as portfolio manager for the International Fund. He has
served as Portfolio Manager since July 2020.
Suehyun
Kim, Senior
Vice President and Portfolio Manager of Wilshire, serves as a portfolio manager
for the International Fund. She has served as Portfolio Manager since July
2020.
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
WCM
Sanjay
Ayer, CFA, Portfolio Manager and Business Analyst of WCM since 2007 and
Portfolio Manager of WCM’s portion of the International Fund since June 2020.
Paul
R. Black, CEO of WCM since December 2004 and Portfolio Manager of WCM’s portion
of the International Fund since October 2013.
Michael
B. Trigg, President of WCM since 2022 and Portfolio Manager of WCM since 2006
and Portfolio Manager of WCM’s portion of the International Fund since October
2013.
Jon
Tringale, Portfolio Manager of WCM since 2022 and Portfolio Manager of WCM’s
portion of the International Fund since April 2023.
Los
Angeles Capital
Thomas
D. Stevens, CFA, Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital
and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Stevens has served as
Portfolio Manager since May 2014.
Hal
W. Reynolds, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of Los Angeles Capital and
Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Reynolds has served as
Portfolio Manager since May 2014.
Daniel
E. Allen, CFA, President, CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles
Capital and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Allen has served as
Portfolio Manager since May 2014.
Daniel
Arche, CFA, Director
of Portfolio Strategy
and Senior Portfolio Manager of Los Angeles Capital and Portfolio Manager of the
International Fund. Mr. Arche has served as Portfolio Manager since April
2021.
Pzena
Caroline
Cai, Managing Principal, Chief Executive Officer, and Portfolio Manager for the
Global, International, and Emerging Markets strategies, and the Financial
Opportunities service of Pzena and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Ms. Cai has served as Portfolio Manager of the International Fund since June
2018.
Allison
Fisch, Managing Principal, President, and Portfolio Manager for the
International and Emerging Markets strategies of Pzena and Portfolio Manager of
the International Fund. Ms. Fisch has served as Portfolio Manager of the
International Fund since June 2018.
John
Goetz, Managing Principal and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena, Portfolio
Manager for the Global, International, European, and Japan Focused Value
strategies of Pzena and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Goetz
has served as Portfolio Manager of the International Fund since June 2018.
Rakesh
Bordia, Principal and Portfolio Manager for the International and Emerging
Markets strategies and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Bordia
has served as Portfolio Manager of the International Fund since January
2023.
Lazard
Paul
Moghtader is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Moghtader has been with Lazard since 2007 and has served as Portfolio
Manager of the International Fund since June 2019.
Taras
Ivanenko is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Ivanenko has been with Lazard since 2007 and has served as Portfolio Manager
of the International Fund since June 2019.
Alex
Lai is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Lai has been with Lazard since 2008 and has served as Portfolio Manager of
the International Fund since June 2019.
Kurt
Livermore is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Livermore has been with Lazard since 2023 and has served as Portfolio
Manager of the International Fund since 2023.
Craig
Scholl is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Scholl has been with Lazard since 2007 and has served as Portfolio Manager
of the International Fund since 2020.
Ciprian
Marin is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Marin has been with Lazard since 2008 and has served as Portfolio Manager of
the International Fund since 2020.
Peter
Kashanek is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Mr. Kashanek has been with Lazard since 2007 and has served as Portfolio Manager
of the International Fund since 2020.
Susanne
Willumsen is Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of Lazard’s Global Advantage
portfolio management teams and is Portfolio Manager of the International Fund.
Ms. Willumsen has been with Lazard since 2008 and has served as Portfolio
Manager of the International Fund since June 2019.
Voya
Raj
Jadav, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Voya and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Jadav has served as Portfolio Manager since 2024.
Sean
Banai, CFA, Head of portfolio management for the fixed income platform of Voya
and Portfolio Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Banai has served as
Portfolio Manager since July 2020.
Brian
Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, Head of Fixed Income Research of Voya and Portfolio
Manager of the International Fund. Mr. Timberlake has served as Portfolio
Manager since July 2020.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the International Fund are as
follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the International Fund is $2,500 or $1,000 if
you are a client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution
which has made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at
least $2,500. Subsequent investments for the International Fund must be at least
$100. The minimum investments do not apply to certain employee benefit
plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the International Fund.
Subsequent investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the International Fund (known as redeeming shares)
on any business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
International Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary
income or capital gains, except when
you are tax-exempt or when
your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
Any withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may
be taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the International Fund through a broker-dealer or other
financial intermediary (such as a bank), the International Fund and its related
companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of International Fund shares and
related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by
influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to
recommend the International Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson
or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more
information.
Wilshire Income
Opportunities Fund
Investment
Objective
The Wilshire Income Opportunities Fund’s (the “Income Fund” or the
“Portfolio”) primary investment objective is to maximize current
income. Long-term capital
appreciation is a secondary objective.
Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and
sell shares of the Income Fund. You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
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| |
|
Investment
Class |
Institutional
Class |
Management
Fees |
0.60% |
0.60% |
Distribution
and Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% |
None |
Other
Expenses |
0.56% |
0.45% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.41% |
1.05% |
Less
Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement(1) |
(0.26)% |
(0.15)% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense
Reimbursement |
1.15% |
0.90% |
(1)Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire”) has entered into a contractual expense limitation
agreement with Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the
Income Fund to waive a portion of its management fee or reimburse other expenses
(including class-specific shareholder servicing fees) to limit expenses of the
Income Fund (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short
securities, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses) to
1.15% and 0.90% of average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and
Institutional Class Shares, respectively. This agreement to limit expenses
continues through at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that the Income
Fund’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup the
amount of any management fee waived within three years from the date on which it
waived its fees or reimbursed expenses if the recoupment does not exceed the
existing expense limitation as well as the expense limitation that was in place
at the time of the fee waiver/expense reimbursement.
Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Income Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example
assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem
all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that
your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Income Fund’s operating
expenses remain the same. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
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|
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| |
|
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Investment
Class |
$117 |
$421 |
$746 |
$1,668 |
Institutional
Class |
$92 |
$319 |
$565 |
$1,269 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Income Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Income
Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected
in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Income Fund’s
performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023,
the Income Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 66%
of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
Under
normal market conditions, the Income Fund seeks to achieve its investment
objectives by investing at least 80% of its total assets in a portfolio of
income producing securities of varying maturities across a variety of fixed
income securities including, but not limited to, U.S. Government, investment
grade, below investment grade, unrated, mortgage-backed, and other asset-backed
securities. Derivative investments that provide exposure to debt
securities or have similar economic characteristics to the income securities in
which the Portfolio invests may be used to satisfy the Income Fund’s 80%
policy.
The
Income Fund has the flexibility to invest in a broad range of fixed-income
securities in both developed and emerging market countries. The Income Fund will
generally allocate its assets among several types of securities. The Income Fund
may also invest in U.S. Dollar-denominated or non-U.S. Dollar-denominated
fixed-income securities; fixed income securities issued by U.S. and non-U.S.
governments, their agencies and instrumentalities; mortgage-related and other
asset backed securities (such as collateralized debt obligations (CDO),
collateralized loan obligations (CLO), and collateralized mortgage obligations
(CMO)); foreign currencies;
registered
investment companies, including closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds
(ETFs); and derivative instruments, such as options, futures, forwards, forward
currency contracts, or swap agreements.
The
Income Fund may invest an unlimited amount of its assets in securities that
provide exposure to any investment sector and its exposure to any one investment
sector will vary over time.
There
is no limit on the average maturity of the Income Fund’s securities. The
targeted weighted average duration of the portfolio is consistent with the
Bloomberg U.S. Universal Index, which has a weighted average duration of
6
years as of December 31, 2023.
However, it is expected that the Income Fund may deviate substantially from the
benchmark duration, with a lower and upper bound of 1 and 10 years,
respectively.
The
Income Fund may invest without limitation in high-yield debt securities, which
may include securities having the lowest rating for non-subordinated debt
instruments (i.e.,
rated C by Moody’s Investors Service or CCC+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s
Ratings Services and Fitch Ratings) and unrated securities determined to be of
comparable investment quality. The Income Fund expects its allocation to unrated
and below investment grade debt to range from 30% to 70% of its assets. The
Income Fund also may invest in investment grade securities, bank loans,
commercial paper, private placements, unregistered or restricted securities
(including securities issued in reliance on Regulation D, Rule 144A and
Regulation S) and convertible debt (which may result in equity received in a
conversion or a workout).
The
Income Fund may also use leverage to the extent permitted by applicable law by
entering into reverse repurchase agreements and borrowing transactions
(typically lines of credit) for investment purposes.
The
Income Fund may invest without limitation in derivative instruments, such as
options, futures, forwards, or swap agreements, or in mortgage- or asset-backed
securities, subject to applicable law and any other restrictions described in
this Prospectus or the Income Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The
Income Fund may enter into standardized derivatives contracts traded on domestic
or foreign securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, and
non-standardized derivatives contracts traded in the over-the-counter market.
The Income Fund may use derivatives to gain exposure to non-dollar denominated
securities markets to the extent it does not do so through direct investments.
The Income Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed
delivery or forward commitment basis and may engage in short sales. The Income
Fund may, without limitation, seek to obtain market exposure to the securities
in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale
contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy backs or dollar
rolls).
The
Income Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in convertible, preferred
stocks and dividend-paying common stocks.
The
Income Fund uses a multi-manager strategy where subadvisers employ different
strategies with respect to separate portions of the Portfolio in order achieve
the Portfolio’s investment objective. Wilshire typically allocates the
Portfolio’s assets among the Portfolio’s subadvisers in accordance with its
outlook for the economy and the financial markets. DoubleLine® Capital LP
(“DoubleLine”), Manulife Investment Management (US) LLC (“Manulife”) and Voya
Investment Management Co LLC (“Voya”) each manage a portion of the Income Fund’s
portfolio.
DoubleLine
expects to allocate its portion of the Income Fund’s assets in response to
changing market, financial, economic, and political factors and events that the
portfolio manager believes may affect the values of the Income Fund’s
investments. DoubleLine seeks to manage its portion of the Income Fund’s
duration based on DoubleLine’s view of, among other things, future interest
rates and market conditions.
Manulife
looks for investments that are appropriate in terms of yield, credit quality,
structure and liquidity. Relative yield analysis and risk/reward ratios are the
primary considerations in selecting securities.
In managing its portion of the Portfolio, Voya focuses on managing a
broad array of fixed income investment opportunities, including but not limited
to U.S. government securities, securities of foreign governments, and
supranational organizations; bank loans; notes that can invest in securities
with any credit rating; mortgage-backed, asset-backed debt securities and other
structured credit securities, commercial paper and debt securities of foreign
issuers, including emerging market countries. In addition, Voya may also invest
in its affiliated registered investment companies.
Principal
Risks
You may lose
money by investing in the Income Fund. In addition, investing in
the Income Fund involves the following principal
risks:
Market
Risk. The
Portfolio may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or more
securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or instrument may
decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions
that are not specifically related to a particular company, including conditions
affecting the general economy; political, social, or economic instability at the
local, regional, or global level; the spread of infectious illness or other
public health issues in one or more countries or regions; geopolitical
conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine; and currency and
interest rate fluctuations. There is also the possibility that the price of a
security will fall because the market perceives that there is or will be a
deterioration in the fundamental
value of the issuer or poor earnings performance by the issuer.
Market risk may affect a single security, company, industry, sector, or the
entire market.
Fixed-Income
Securities Risk. Fixed-income securities are subject to interest rate risk and credit
risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a fixed-income
security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the
general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most fixed-income
securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the
prices of most fixed-income securities go up. Fixed-income securities with
longer maturities typically are more sensitive to changes in interest rates,
making them more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Credit risk
refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable and/or
unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its
debt. Debt instruments are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which may
be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of
a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may occur
quickly and without advance warning following sudden market downturns or
unexpected developments involving an issuer, and which may adversely affect the
liquidity and value of the security.
High-Yield
Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds, present
greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of
default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely
affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Portfolio’s ability to sell its
bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the
Portfolio’s share price.
Foreign
Securities Risk. Foreign securities (including American depository receipts (ADRs) and
global depository receipts (GDRs)) could be affected by factors not present in
the U.S., including expropriation, confiscation of property, political
instability, differences in financial reporting standards, less stringent
regulation of securities markets, and difficulties in enforcing contracts.
Compared to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information
about foreign companies and less governmental regulation and supervision of
foreign companies. Foreign securities generally experience more volatility than
their domestic counterparts. Political and economic developments may adversely
impact the value of foreign securities. Any depositary receipts are subject to
most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly
because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of
the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to
liquidity risk. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and
foreign currencies may negatively affect an investment.
Emerging
Markets Risk.
The Portfolio may invest in securities in emerging markets. Foreign investment
risk may be particularly high to the extent a fund invests in securities of
issuers based in countries with developing economies (i.e.,
emerging markets). Investments in emerging markets securities are generally
subject to a greater level of those risks associated with investing in foreign
securities, as emerging markets are considered less developed than developing
countries. Furthermore, investments in emerging market countries are generally
subject to additional risks, including trading on smaller markets, having lower
volumes of trading, and being subject to lower levels of government regulation
and less extensive accounting, financial and other reporting requirements. These
securities may also present
credit,
currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater
than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.)
countries.
Forward
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts Risks. There may be imperfect correlation between the price of a forward
contract and the underlying security, index or currency which will increase the
volatility of the International Fund. The International Fund bears the risk of
loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward contract in the event
of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, the
International Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward
contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws
which could affect the International Fund’s rights as a creditor. Forward
currency transactions include risks associated with fluctuations in foreign
currency.
Derivatives
Risk. The use of derivatives, including forwards, swaps, futures, options
and currency transactions, may expose the Portfolio to risks in addition to and
greater than those associated with investing directly in the securities
underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect
correlations with underlying investments or the Portfolio’s other portfolio
holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit,
liquidity, segregation, valuation and legal restrictions. If the Adviser or a
subadviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of
derivatives could also result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited.
Use of derivatives may also cause the Portfolio to be subject to additional
regulations, which may generate additional Portfolio expenses. These practices
also entail transactional expenses and may cause the Portfolio to realize higher
amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Portfolio had not engaged in
such transactions.
Leverage
Risk. The use of derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase
agreements, unfunded commitments, tender option bonds and borrowings (typically
lines of credit) may create leveraging risk. For example, because of the low
margin deposit required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of
leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in an underlying
reference instrument may result in an immediate and substantial impact on a
fund’s NAV. Leveraging may cause the Portfolio’s performance to be more volatile
than if it had not been leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk and otherwise
comply with regulatory requirements, the Portfolio must segregate or earmark
liquid assets to meet its obligations under, or otherwise cover, the
transactions that may give rise to this risk, including, but not limited to,
futures, certain options, swaps and reverse repurchase agreements. Applicable
law limits a fund from borrowing in an amount greater than 33 ⅓% of its
assets.
Other
Investment Companies Risk. Investing in other investment vehicles, including registered
investment companies managed by a subadviser or an affiliate of a subadviser,
unaffiliated registered investment companies, closed-end funds and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs), subjects the Portfolio to those risks affecting
the investment vehicle, including the possibility that the value of the
underlying securities held by the investment vehicle could decrease. Moreover,
the Portfolio will incur its pro rata share of the underlying vehicles’
expenses.
Asset
Allocation Risk. Although asset allocation among different asset categories and
investment strategies generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or
strategy, the risk remains that a subadviser may favor an asset category or
investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and
investment strategies.
Active
Management Risk. The Portfolio is subject to active management risk, the risk that the
investment techniques and risk analyses applied by the Portfolio’s subadvisers
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the managers in
connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can accompany active
management will increase the expenses of the Portfolio because of brokerage
charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower the Portfolio’s
performance.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage Backed Securities Risk. Investors in asset-backed securities (ABS), including mortgage-backed
securities (MBS) and structured finance investments, generally receive payments
that are part interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary
based on the rate at which the underlying borrowers pay off their loans or other
future expected receivables of assets or cash flows. Some ABS, including MBS,
may have structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors
difficult to predict, making them subject to liquidity risk.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk. The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who
employ different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk.
Certain Wilshire funds are permitted to
invest in the Portfolio. In addition, the Portfolio may be an investment option
for unaffiliated mutual funds and other investors with substantial investments
in the Portfolio. As a result, the Portfolio may have large inflows or outflows
of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on the Portfolio’s
performance if the Portfolio were required to sell securities or invest cash at
times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the
realization of capital gains and increase the Portfolio’s transaction
costs.
Past
Performance
The bar chart
and the performance table below provide an indication of the risks of investing
in the Income Fund by showing the investment performance of the Investment Class
Shares during the most recent calendar year and by showing how the Income Fund’s
average annual total returns compare to those of a broad measure of market
performance, as well as an additional custom blended index that reflects the
performance of the market sectors in which the Income Fund
invests. The Income Fund’s past investment
performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how it will
perform in the future. For more recent performance figures, go
to http://wilshire.com
(the website does not form a part of this prospectus) or call 1-866-591-1568.
Calendar Year
Returns
During
the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a
quarter was 6.54% (quarter ended June 30, 2020) and
the lowest return for a quarter
was -8.20% (quarter ended March 31,
2020).
The
returns for the Income Fund’s Investment Class shares were lower than the
Institutional Class Shares because Investment Class Shares pay distribution
(12b-1) fees.
Average
Annual Total Returns
(periods ended December 31, 2023)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
1
year |
| 5
year |
|
Since
Inception
(3/30/16) |
|
Investment
Class |
|
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
6.34 |
% |
| 1.48 |
% |
| 2.09 |
% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions |
5.12 |
% |
| 0.14 |
% |
| 0.68 |
% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
3.73 |
% |
| 0.62 |
% |
(1) |
1.03 |
% |
(1) |
Institutional
Class |
|
|
|
|
| |
Return
Before Taxes |
6.61 |
% |
| 1.75 |
% |
| 2.30 |
% |
|
Bloomberg
U.S. Universal Bond Index
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses and taxes) |
6.17 |
% |
| 1.44 |
% |
| 1.55 |
% |
|
Custom
Blended Index(2)
(reflects no deduction for
fees, expenses and taxes) |
7.88 |
% |
| 2.35 |
% |
| 2.47 |
% |
|
(1)In certain cases, the figure
representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares” may be
higher than the other return figures of the same period. A higher after-tax
return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an
assumed tax deduction that benefits the
investor.
(2)The
Custom Blended Index consists of 70% Bloomberg U.S. Universal Index, 10%
Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Bond Index, 10%
S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index, and 10% Bloomberg Emerging Markets USD
Aggregate Bond Index.
After-tax returns are
calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax
rates for each year in the period and do not reflect the impact of state and
local taxes. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who are tax exempt or hold
their Income Fund shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k)
plans or individual retirement accounts.
After-tax returns are shown
for only Investment Class Shares. After-tax returns for Institutional Class
Shares will vary.
Management
Adviser
Wilshire
Advisors LLC
Subadvisers
and Portfolio Managers
DoubleLine
Jeffrey
E. Gundlach, Chief Executive Office of DoubleLine and Portfolio Manager of the
Income Fund. Mr. Gundlach has served as Portfolio Manager since March
2016.
Jeffrey
Sherman, Deputy Chief Investment Officer of DoubleLine and Portfolio Manager of
the Income Fund. Mr. Sherman has served as Portfolio Manager since May
2017.
Manulife
Thomas
C. Goggins, Senior Managing Director and Senior Portfolio Manager of Manulife
and Portfolio Manager of the Income Fund. Mr. Goggins has served as Portfolio
Manager since June 2018.
Kisoo
Park, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Manulife and Portfolio Manager
of the Income Fund. Mr. Park has served as Portfolio Manager since June
2018.
Christopher
Chapman, CFA, Senior Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Manulife and
Portfolio Manager of the Income Fund. Mr. Chapman has served as Portfolio
Manager since June 2018.
Bradley
L. Lutz, CFA, Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of Manulife and Portfolio
Manager of the Income Fund. Mr. Lutz has served as Portfolio Manager since March
2022.
Voya
Raj
Jadav, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Voya and Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Jadav has served as Portfolio Manager since 2024.
Sean
Banai, CFA, Head of portfolio management for the fixed income platform of Voya
and Portfolio Manager of the Income Fund. Mr. Banai has served as Portfolio
Manager since June 2018.
Brian
Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, Head of Fixed Income Research of Voya and Portfolio
Manager of the Income Fund. Mr. Timberlake has served as Portfolio Manager since
June 2018.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum
Initial Investments
The
minimum initial investments in the Income Fund are as follows:
Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in the Income Fund is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are
a client of a securities dealer, bank or other financial institution which has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500.
Subsequent investments for the Income Fund must be at least $100. The minimum
investments do not apply to certain employee benefit plans.
Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for the Income Fund. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
To
Redeem Shares
You
may sell your shares back to the Income Fund (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day by telephone or mail.
Tax
Information
The
Income Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or
capital gains, except when
you are tax-exempt or when
your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
Any withdrawals you make from such tax-advantaged investment plans, however, may
be taxable to you.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Income Fund through a broker-dealer or other
financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Income Fund and its related
companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Income Fund shares and
related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by
influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to
recommend the Income Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit
your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
While
the summary sections describe the main points of the Large Company Growth
Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Small Company Growth Portfolio, Small
Company Value Portfolio (collectively, the “Style Portfolios”), the Index Fund,
the International Fund, and the Income Fund (collectively, with the Style
Portfolios, the Index Fund, and the International Fund, the “Portfolios” and
each a “Portfolio”). The following pages describe additional details regarding
the Portfolios.
Wilshire
Advisors LLC (“Wilshire” or the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to
the Portfolios. As part of its management and oversight of the Portfolios,
Wilshire selects investment advisers to serve as subadvisers, and determines the
allocation of each Portfolio’s assets among the selected subadvisers using
sophisticated models. In its discretion, Wilshire may allocate no assets to a
given subadviser. Each subadviser manages a portion of one or more of the
Portfolios. Wilshire selects subadvisers to manage the assets of the Portfolios,
subject to approval of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Wilshire Mutual
Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), based upon a due diligence process that focuses on,
but is not limited to, each subadviser’s philosophy and process, people and
organization, resources, and performance. In addition, with respect to the Large
Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, and the International
Fund, Wilshire manages the portion each Portfolio invests in the Swaps Strategy.
Wilshire
conducts its investment decision-making through an investment committee
structure. The investment committee reviews the daily performance of the
Portfolios and the subadvisers. Additionally, the risk profiles of the
Portfolios and the subadvisers are monitored closely to ensure compliance with
stated investment guidelines. The investment committee maintains regular
communication with the subadvisers.
The
investment objective of each of the Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large
Company Value Portfolio, Small Company Growth Portfolio, Small Company Value
Portfolio, and Wilshire Income Opportunities Fund is not fundamental, and may be
changed by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval with 60 days’
written notice to shareholders.
Style
Portfolios
The
Company offers focused exposure to four distinct segments of the U.S. market —
large company growth, large company value, small company growth, and small
company value. Wilshire establishes the parameters for “large company” and
“small company” stocks. The Style Portfolios’ “growth” and “value” criteria
generally follow the criteria of each Portfolio’s respective benchmark. Each
Style Portfolio owns only securities within the parameters that correspond to
that style. Each Style Portfolio’s investment objective is to seek capital
appreciation.
The
Style Portfolios invest substantially in common stock, but other investments may
include cash equivalents, convertible securities, warrants, and exchange-traded
funds (“ETFs”). Additionally, each Style Portfolio may invest a portion of its
assets in equity securities of foreign companies traded in the U.S., including
American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”).
To maintain a proper style exposure in each Style Portfolio, the subadvisers
will change a Style Portfolio’s holdings as companies’ characteristics change. A
subadviser will sell stocks that no longer meet the criteria of a particular
Style Portfolio. For example, a subadviser may consider a stock to no longer be
a value stock if its price advances strongly. Each subadviser seeks to
constantly maintain a fully invested position in a Style Portfolio. This means
that a Style Portfolio generally holds little uninvested cash, thus seeking to
ensure that you receive the full benefit of any market advances (however, it
also means you will bear the full impact of any market declines). The number of
securities eligible for investment by a Style Portfolio will vary.
With
respect to the Large Company Growth Portfolio and the Large Company Value
Portfolio, a portion of each Portfolio will be invested in derivatives and fixed
income securities. Each Portfolio invests in index-based derivatives, including
swap agreements, backed by a portfolio of fixed income securities. Wilshire
manages the portion of the each of the Large Company Growth Portfolio and the
Large Company Value Portfolio that is invested in the Swaps
Strategy.
The
investment philosophies of the subadvisers managing each Style Portfolio are
described in more detail below. No assurance exists that a Style Portfolio will
achieve its investment objectives.
Wilshire
5000 IndexSM
Fund
The
Index Fund’s investment objective is to replicate as closely as possible the
performance of the Index before the deduction of Index Fund expenses. The
investment objective of the Index Fund cannot be changed without the approval of
a “majority of the outstanding voting securities.” The Index Fund provides
exposure to the entire U.S. stock market by investing in the common stocks of
companies included in the Index. The Index Fund may invest in the common stock
of companies of any size, including small-cap companies. The Index is an
unmanaged capitalization weighted index of over 3,500 U.S. equity securities and
includes U.S. stocks regularly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”),
the NYSE MKT LLC and the NASDAQ OTC market. The Index Fund normally holds stocks
representing at least 90% of the Index’s total market value.
Los
Angeles Capital serves as the subadviser to the Index Fund.
Wilshire
International Equity Fund
The
International Fund seeks long-term growth of capital primarily through
diversified holdings of marketable foreign equity investments. The investment
objectives of the International Fund cannot be changed without the approval of a
“majority of the outstanding voting securities.” The International Fund invests,
under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of
any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. Since the
International Fund may invest in companies of any size, it may at times invest
in small-cap companies. The International Fund invests in companies organized
outside of the United States. The International Fund intends to diversify its
investments in operating companies among several countries and to have
represented in its holdings business activities in not less than three different
countries. The operating companies in which the International Fund primarily
invests are equity securities of established companies that the subadvisers
believe have favorable characteristics and that are listed on foreign exchanges.
The International Fund also invests in emerging markets securities (securities
of issuers based in countries with developing economies) and may invest in ETFs
and other investment companies. The International Fund may also invest in
fixed-income securities of foreign governments and companies and in currency
forward agreements and spot transactions to facilitate settlement of
multi-currency investments. The International Fund may also invest in securities
of companies that are organized in the United States, but primarily operate
outside of the United States and derive a significant portion of their revenues
outside of the United States.
A
portion of the International Fund will be invested in derivatives, including
swap agreements, and fixed income securities.
Currently,
Wilshire has retained WCM, Los Angeles Capital, Pzena, Lazard, and Voya to
manage the International Fund. Wilshire manages the portion of the International
Fund that is invested in swap agreements. The basic philosophy of each
subadviser is described below.
Wilshire
Income Opportunities Fund
The
Income Fund’s primary investment objective is to maximize current income.
Long-term capital appreciation is a secondary objective.
Currently,
Wilshire has retrained DoubleLine, Manulife, and Voya to manage the Income Fund.
The basic philosophy of each subadviser is described below.
Subadviser
Investment Strategies
Alger
Management
Alger
Management serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Large Company Growth
Portfolio. Alger Management’s investments in equity securities are primarily in
common or preferred stocks, but its equity investments also may include
securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities (including
warrants and rights) and depositary receipts. Alger Management invests primarily
in companies whose securities are traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or in the
over-the-counter market.
In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Alger Management invests primarily in
“growth” stocks. Alger Management believes that these companies tend to fall
into one of two categories:
High
Unit Volume Growth: Vital, creative companies that offer goods or services to a
rapidly expanding marketplace. They include both established and emerging firms,
exercising market dominance, offering new or improved products, or simply
fulfilling an increased demand for an existing product line.
Positive
Life Cycle Change: Companies experiencing a major change which is expected to
produce advantageous results. These changes may be as varied as new management,
products or technologies; restructuring or reorganization; regulatory change; or
merger and acquisition.
Alger
Management’s portfolio manager(s) may sell a stock when it reaches a target
price, it fails to perform as expected, or other opportunities appear more
attractive. As a result of this disciplined investment process, the portion of
the Portfolio managed by Alger Management may engage in active trading of
portfolio securities. If the portion of the Portfolio managed by Alger
Management does trade in this way, it may incur increased transaction costs and
brokerage commissions, both of which can lower the actual return on an
investment. Active trading may also increase short-term gains and losses, which
may affect the taxes a shareholder has to pay.
Alger
Management intends to invest a substantial portion of its portion of the
Portfolio’s assets in a small number of issuers, and may focus its portion of
the Portfolio in fewer business sectors or industries. Generally, the portion of
the Portfolio managed by Alger Management will own approximately 50 holdings.
Holdings may occasionally exceed this number for a variety of reasons. Alger
Management’s portfolio manager(s) may sell a stock when it reaches a target
price, it fails to perform as expected, or other opportunities appear more
attractive. As a result, the portion of the Portfolio managed by Alger
Management may engage in active trading of portfolio securities.
AllianceBernstein
AllianceBernstein
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Large Company Growth Portfolio. In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, AllianceBernstein stresses fundamental,
bottom-up security analysis in identifying highly profitable businesses with the
opportunity to reinvest profitably for long-term, non-cyclical growth that are
priced at valuations that do not adequately reflect their long-term growth
potential. AllianceBernstein conducts in-depth research to identify companies
whose long-term fundamental performance is likely to persist in terms of both
magnitude and duration.
Diamond
Hill
Diamond
Hill serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Small Company Value Portfolio.
Diamond Hill focuses on estimating a company’s value independent of its current
stock price. To estimate a company’s value, Diamond Hill concentrates on the
fundamental economic drivers of the business. The primary focus is on a
“bottom-up” analysis, which takes into consideration earnings, revenue growth,
operating margins and other economic factors. Diamond Hill also considers the
level of industry competition, regulatory factors, the threat of technological
obsolescence, and a variety of other industry factors. If Diamond Hill’s
estimate of a company’s value differs sufficiently from the current market
price, the company may be an attractive investment opportunity. In constructing
a portfolio of securities for the portion of the Portfolio it manages, Diamond
Hill is not constrained by the sector or industry weights in the benchmark.
Diamond Hill relies on individual stock selection and discipline in the
investment process to add value. The highest portfolio security weights are
assigned to companies where Diamond Hill has the highest level of conviction.
Once a stock is selected, Diamond Hill continues to monitor the company’s
strategies, financial performance and competitive environment. Diamond Hill may
sell a security as it reaches Diamond Hill’s estimate of the company’s value; if
it believes that the company’s earnings, revenue growth, operating margin or
other economic factors are deteriorating or if it identifies a stock that it
believes offers a better investment opportunity.
DoubleLine
DoubleLine
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Income Fund. In managing its portion
of the Income Fund, DoubleLine uses various investment strategies to invest in
fixed income instruments that DoubleLine believes offer the potential for
current income, capital appreciation, or both. DoubleLine expects to allocate
its portion of the Income Fund’s assets in response to changing market,
financial, economic, and political factors and events that the portfolio manager
believes may affect the values of the Income Fund’s investments. DoubleLine
seeks to manage its portion of the Income Fund’s duration based on DoubleLine’s
view of, among other things, future interest rates and market conditions. There
are no limits on the duration of the Income Fund’s portfolio. DoubleLine retains
broad discretion to modify its portion of the Income Fund’s duration within a
wide range.
Granahan
Granahan
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Small Company Growth Portfolio. In
managing its portion of the Portfolio, Granahan use a disciplined fundamental,
bottom-up and collaborative approach to research in order to uncover the best
opportunities in the small-capitalization market. Granahan focuses on stocks
with market caps of $50 million to $750 million at purchase and maintains
exposure to companies across three different stages in their LifeCycles: Special
Situations (20% to 45%) - companies with a prosaic earnings record yet bearing
an identifiable catalyst (this category also includes cyclicals); Pioneers (20%
to 40%) - aggressive growth stocks with little to no track record (mostly
non-earners) but substantial potential; and Core Growth (20% to 50%) - companies
with proven earnings records that are expected to persist.
Hotchkis
& Wiley
Hotchkis
& Wiley serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Large Company Value
Portfolio and Small Company Value Portfolio. Hotchkis & Wiley seeks to
invest in stocks whose future prospects are misunderstood or not fully
recognized by the market. Hotchkis & Wiley employs a fundamental value
investing approach which seeks to exploit market inefficiencies created by
irrational investor behavior. To identify these investment opportunities,
Hotchkis & Wiley employs a disciplined, “bottom-up” investment process based
on a proprietary model that is augmented with internally-generated fundamental
research. Hotchkis & Wiley seeks broad diversified exposure to these
investment opportunities by holding approximately 50 to 80 portfolio securities
in the Large Company Value Portfolio and 300 to 400 portfolio securities in the
Small Company Value Portfolio. With the exception of diversification guidelines,
Hotchkis & Wiley does not employ pre-determined rules for sales; rather,
Hotchkis & Wiley evaluates each sell candidate based on the candidate’s
specific risk and return characteristics which include: 1) relative valuation;
2) fundamental operating trends; 3) deterioration of fundamentals; and 4)
diversification guidelines.
Lazard
Lazard
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the International Fund. In managing its
portion of the International Fund, Lazard selects securities ranked according to
four independent proprietary measures: growth, value, sentiment and quality.
Growth potential is measured by looking at the consistency of earnings and sales
over the past few years and then by leveraging this data, along with margins,
research and development, capital expenditures, cash flow growth and other
reported financial metrics to project future growth potential. Valuation is
derived by comparing relative book value, cash flow and earnings across
companies normalized by industry and region. Sentiment is gauged by looking at
relative idiosyncratic price strength, changes in sell-side analysts’ earnings
projections
and the street’s enthusiasm for the stock. Quality is measured by the strength
of a company’s earnings and its ability to grow its earnings organically. Risks
are controlled relative to the strategy’s benchmark using a proprietary approach
which measures multiple contributors, including beta, capitalization, geographic
and sector exposure, style, position size, and company events. Security weights
are determined by a combination of a stock’s attractiveness and the risk impact
to the International Fund’s portfolio.
The
Lazard strategy seeks to outperform the MSCI All Country World Index ex US Small
Cap Index. Lazard relies on a core, bottom-up approach. Stocks are selected for
Lazard’s portion of the portfolio from an investment universe of approximately
7,000 developed and emerging-market stocks using an active, quantitatively based
investment process that evaluates each company on a daily basis relative to
global peers. Each company in the investable universe is measured daily in terms
of its growth potential, valuation, market sentiment and financial quality.
Portfolio risks are managed independently by maintaining exposures that are
similar to the benchmark including region, industry, country and
beta.
Los
Angeles Capital
Los
Angeles Capital serves as a subadviser to a portion of each of the Large Company
Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Small Company Growth Portfolio,
Small Company Value Portfolio and the International Fund and serves as
subadviser for all of the assets of the Index Fund. With respect to each of the
Style Portfolios and the International Fund, Los Angeles Capital uses its
Dynamic Alpha Stock Selection Model®,
a proprietary model, which seeks to generate incremental returns above a
Portfolio’s benchmark, while attempting to control investment risk relative to
the benchmark.
Los
Angeles Capital builds portfolios that maximize return subject to an acceptable
level of risk relative to the respective benchmarks. Expected returns for a
security are generated regularly. Los Angeles Capital develops a trade list of
individual securities that will seek to improve the Portfolio’s return/risk
profile relative to the current portfolio. A portfolio is rebalanced to reflect
changes in investor preferences as measured by Los Angeles Capital’s factor
forecasts. If a security no longer has the risk characteristics Los Angeles
Capital believes investors are favoring, Los Angeles Capital will see a need to
sell a stock in these Portfolios. As economic conditions change and investor
risk preferences evolve, Los Angeles Capital’s forecasts for these and other
factors will change accordingly.
Los
Angeles Capital does not set price targets. Los Angeles Capital’s Dynamic Alpha
Stock Selection Model®
is the basis of security valuation and selection. Los Angeles Capital may limit
or modify a portfolio’s holdings based upon a perceived risk or concern
regarding a particular company’s investment merits. Los Angeles Capital’s
portfolios are typically fully invested with minimal cash holdings.
Los
Angeles Capital manages the Index Fund using a passive investment approach for
portfolio construction. Los Angeles Capital uses sector weighting and portfolio
characteristic profiling to keep the Index Fund within acceptable parameter
ranges relative to the benchmark.
Over
time, Los Angeles Capital expects the correlation between the performance of the
Index and the performance of the Index Fund to be over 90% before the deduction
of Index Fund expenses. A 100% correlation would indicate that the Index Fund’s
performance exactly matches the performance of the Index. The Index Fund’s
ability to track the Index’s performance will be affected by factors such as the
Index Fund’s expenses, changes in stocks represented in the Index and the timing
and amount of sales and redemptions of Index Fund shares.
Manulife
Manulife
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Income Fund. In managing its portion
of the Income Fund, Manulife invests in a diversified portfolio of government,
corporate and securitized debt securities and other instruments issued in
developed and emerging market countries, which may be denominated in US dollars
or other foreign currencies. Although Manulife may invest in non-investment
grade rated debt instruments, including those in default (commonly referred to
as “junk” bonds or securities), it generally intends to keep its average credit
quality in the investment-grade range. Manulife allocates assets among the types
of instruments noted above based on analysis of global economic factors, such as
fiscal and monetary policies, projected international interest-rate movements,
market volatility, political environments and currency trends. In abnormal
circumstances, Manulife may invest up to 100% of its portion of the Income Fund
in assets in any one type of instrument. Within each type of security, Manulife
looks for investments that are appropriate in terms of yield, credit quality,
structure and liquidity. Relative yield analysis and risk/reward ratios are the
primary considerations in selecting securities. Manulife may invest in
derivatives such as futures, options, and swaps (including credit default
swaps), as well as restricted or illiquid securities. Manulife may also invest
its portion of the Income Fund’s portfolio significantly in currency spots,
forwards and options, and interest-rate futures and options for both hedging and
non-hedging purposes, including for purposes of enhancing returns. In addition,
Manulife may invest in domestic or foreign common stocks.
MFS
MFS
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the Large Company Value Portfolio. MFS
focuses on investing its portion of the Portfolio in the stocks of companies
that it believes are undervalued compared to their intrinsic value. MFS
evaluates the intrinsic value of a company by considering the full context of
how the company's cash flows are generated. MFS focuses on companies it believes
have intrinsic value greater than the perceived value by the marketplace and
seeks to invest in companies that exhibit characteristics such as cash flow in
excess of capital expenditures, conservative balances sheets, sustainable
competitive advantages, high returns on capital,
and/or
the ability to weather economic downturns. These companies may have stock prices
that are higher relative to their earnings, dividends, assets, or other
financial measures than companies generally considered value companies under a
traditional value investment strategy. Consistent with the Portfolio’s
investment strategy, MFS may invest its portion of the Portfolio in securities
of companies of any size. MFS may invest its portion of the Portfolio in foreign
securities. MFS normally invests its portion of the Portfolio across different
industries and sectors, but MFS may invest a significant percentage of its
portion of the Portfolio in issuers in a single industry or sector. MFS uses an
active bottom-up investment approach to buying and selling investments for its
portion of the Portfolio. Investments are selected primarily based on
fundamental analysis of individual issuers and their potential in light of their
financial condition, and market, economic, political, and regulatory conditions.
Factors considered may include analysis of an issuer’s earnings, cash flows,
competitive position, and management ability. MFS may also consider
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in its fundamental
investment analysis
where
MFS believes such factors could materially impact the economic value of an
issuer. ESG factors considered may include, but are not limited to, climate
change, resource depletion, an issuer's governance structure and practices, data
protection and privacy issues, and diversity and labor practices. Quantitative
screening tools that systematically evaluate an issuer’s valuation, price and
earnings momentum, earnings quality, and other factors, may also be
considered.
Pzena
Pzena
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the International Fund. Pzena has a
“classic” value investment philosophy; it seeks to buy very good businesses at
very low prices. Pzena focuses exclusively on companies that it believes are
underperforming their historically demonstrated earnings power. Pzena applies
intensive fundamental research to such companies to determine whether the
problems that caused the earnings shortfalls are temporary or permanent. Pzena
invests in a company only when it judges that the company’s problems are
temporary, the company’s management has a viable strategy to generate earnings
recovery and Pzena believes there is meaningful downside protection in case the
earnings recovery does not materialize. Pzena believes that a concentrated
portfolio focused exclusively on companies such as these will generate
meaningful returns for long-term investors.
Pzena
generally sells a security when Pzena believes there are more attractive
opportunities available, or there is a change in the fundamental characteristics
of the issuer. In this way, Pzena attempts to avoid “emotional” input and to
focus on the pure valuation level of each company.
Ranger
Ranger
serves as subadviser to a portion of the Small Company Growth Portfolio.
Ranger’s investment team seeks to uncover quality growth-oriented companies by
implementing a bottom-up, fundamental research driven security selection
process. The investment team’s focus is to identify U.S. exchange traded equity
securities of primarily micro, small and/or mid-capitalization companies
characterized by accelerating revenue and earnings growth, high recurring
revenues, strong balance sheets and strong free cash flow generation. In
addition to quantitative analysis, the investment team considers qualitative
issues such as, quality of the management team, accounting practices,
governance, and the company's competitive advantage. Following the analysis of
these quantitative and qualitative characteristics, the investment team then
determines whether a company it believes is undervalued and has sufficient
upside to the stock price to warrant an investment.
Ranger’s
investment team conducts a significant percentage of its research internally.
The investment team performs independent fundamental research on potential
portfolio companies and their underlying securities prior to making investment
decisions. As part of the bottom-up fundamental research process, investment
team members consider a variety of sources of information, all publicly
available. This includes information produced by publicly traded companies such
as audited financial statements and other financial reports. The investment team
also considers information obtained through its industry contacts, Wall Street
firms, financial news feeds, third party research companies and other publicly
available sources. Discussions with company management are also an important
source of information.
Ranger
integrates ESG factors into its investment selection process and philosophy for
all strategies. With a focus on financial materiality informed by the
Sustainability Accounting Board’s (SASB) industry-specific approach, The
investment team evaluates a company’s ESG strengths and weaknesses based on
original research and management engagement. Research is collected from public
company documents, websites, SEC filings, and third-party ratings. Engagement
allows the investment team to learn first-hand the most important sustainability
issues affecting each company and how management is addressing
them.
The
investment team takes a comprehensive and collaborative approach to risk
management. This approach starts with security selection and analysis. The
research process includes a deep fundamental analysis of each company’s
financial profile, growth prospects, and current valuation. It also includes a
comprehensive analysis of each company's management team, business model, and
competitive landscape. Once a company is purchased, the investment team
considers several factors to ensure that each company continues to warrant
continued inclusion in the portfolio. The investment team will regularly review
each company’s investment thesis, checking for changes in the competitive
landscape or diminished growth opportunities. The investment team watches for
significant changes, such as transformational acquisitions or management
changes, which may signal operational challenges. The Firm’s investment team
also takes a competitive approach to capital allocation within the portfolio,
ensuring the best ideas receive capital, weaker positions are exited, and stocks
trading at less compelling valuations are trimmed or sold. We believe this
comprehensive risk mitigation approach helps optimize portfolio construction and
improves overall portfolio quality.
Voya
Voya
serves as a subadviser to the Large Company Growth Portfolio, the Large Company
Value Portfolio, the International Fund and Income Fund. In managing its portion
of Large Company Growth Portfolio, the Large Company Value Portfolio and the
International Fund, Voya focuses on managing a broad array of fixed income
investment opportunities, including but not limited to U.S. government
securities, securities of foreign governments, and supranational organizations;
bank loans; notes that can invest in securities with any credit rating;
mortgage-backed, asset-backed debt securities and other structured credit
securities, commercial paper and debt securities of foreign issuers, including
emerging market countries. In addition, Voya may also invest in its affiliated
registered investment companies. Voya may also invest in derivatives, including
options, futures, swaps (including interest rate swaps, total return swaps, and
credit default swaps), and currency forwards, as a substitute for taking a
position in an underlying asset, to make tactical asset allocations, to seek to
minimize risk, to enhance returns and/or assist in managing cash.
In
managing its portion of the Income Fund, Voya focuses on managing below
investment grade debt instruments and structured credit securities held by the
Income Fund.
With
respect to each Portfolio, Voya believes that a disciplined investment process
with macro-theme analysis built into every step will capture market changes and
guide it to unrecognized value opportunities. The investment process includes a
balanced emphasis on quantitative and qualitative inputs that foster strong
checks and balances and validation for its investment themes. Top down macro
themes shape Voya’s overall strategy and also provide the context for bottom up
security selection. Proprietary risk management tools and processes help to
monitor portfolio risk exposures. Voya’s management of each Portfolio relies on
sector allocation, security selection, and curve positioning. Voya may sell
securities for a variety of reasons, such as to secure gains, limit losses or
redeploy assets into opportunities believed to be more promising, among
others.
WCM
WCM
serves as a subadviser to a portion of the International Fund. In investing its
portion of the International Fund’s assets, WCM establishes portfolio guidelines
for sector and industry emphasis by analyzing major trends in the global economy
to identify those economic sectors and industries that are most likely to
benefit. WCM’s international equity strategy employs a bottom-up approach that
seeks to identify companies with attractive fundamentals, such as long-term
growth in revenue and earnings, and that show a strong probability for superior
future growth. WCM analyzes trends in areas including demographics, global
commerce, outsourcing, the growing global middle class and the proliferation of
technology. WCM then develops a portfolio strategy that best capitalizes on the
expected growth. In constructing its portion of the International Fund’s
portfolio, WCM seeks non-US domiciled quality businesses with superior growth
prospects, high returns on invested capital and low or no debt. WCM also
requires each company to maintain a durable competitive advantage and strongly
considers qualitative elements such as corporate culture and the strength,
quality and trustworthiness of management. WCM is sensitive to valuation and
seeks to avoid companies with limited or spotty histories. In selecting equity
investments for the International Fund, WCM typically plans to hold positions
for three to five years.
WCM
may sell all or a portion of its portion of the International Fund’s portfolio
holdings when, in its opinion, one or more of the following occurs, among other
reasons: (1) fundamentals deteriorate; (2) there is increased geopolitical or
currency risk; (3) WCM identifies a more attractive security; or (4) the
International Fund experiences redemptions of shares.
Additional
Investment Strategies and Risks
The
following provides additional information on various types of instruments in
which the Portfolios may invest and their associated risks. The risks and
strategies described below apply to all Portfolios unless otherwise noted. For a
more detailed description of the various types of instruments in which the
Portfolios may invest and the associated risks, please see the section entitled
“Description of Securities and Risks” in the Statement of Additional Information
(“SAI”).
Active
Management Risk (All Portfolios except Index Fund). Certain
Portfolios are subject to active management risk, the risk that the investment
techniques and risk analyses applied by the portfolio managers of the Portfolios
will not produce the desired results and that legislative, regulatory, or tax
developments may affect the investment techniques available to the portfolio
managers in connection with managing the Portfolio. Active trading that can
accompany active management will increase the expenses of a Portfolio because of
brokerage charges, spreads or mark-up charges, which may lower a Portfolio’s
performance. Active trading could raise transaction costs, thereby lowering a
Portfolio’s returns, and could result in the Portfolio recognizing greater
amounts of income and capital gains, which the Portfolio must distribute to
shareholders to maintain its status as a regulated investment company for
federal income tax purposes. There is no guarantee that the investment objective
of a Portfolio will be achieved.
Affiliated
Funds and Other Significant Investors Risk. A
significant portion of each Portfolio’s shares are or may be held by a limited
number of shareholders or their affiliates. As a result, the Portfolios may have
large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse
effects on the Portfolio’s performance if the Portfolio were required to sell
securities or invest cash at times when it otherwise would not do so. This
activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains and increase the
Portfolio’s transaction costs.
Asset
Allocation Risk (All Portfolios except Index Fund). Although
asset allocation among different asset categories and investment strategies
generally reduces risk and exposure to any one category or strategy, the risk
remains that the Adviser may favor an asset category or investment strategy that
performs poorly relative to other asset categories and investment
strategies.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage Backed Securities Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large
Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund and International Fund). Investors
in asset-backed securities (“ABS”), including mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)
and structured finance investments, generally receive payments that are part
interest and part return of principal. These payments may vary based on the rate
at which the underlying borrowers pay off their loans or other future expected
receivables of assets or cash flows. Some ABS, including MBS, may have
structures that make their reaction to interest rates and other factors
difficult to predict, making it difficult to purchase or sell within a
reasonable time at a fair price, or the price at which it has been valued for
purposes of a Portfolio’s NAV.
Some
residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) are guaranteed or supported by
U.S. government agencies or by government sponsored enterprises but there is no
assurance that such guarantee or support will remain in place. Non-agency RMBS
are not guaranteed or supported by these government agencies or government
sponsored enterprises and, thus, are subject to heightened credit risk and
liquidity and valuation risk. A rising interest rate environment can cause the
prices of RMBS to be increasingly volatile, which may adversely affect A
Portfolio’s holdings of RMBS.
Commercial
mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”) may not be guaranteed or supported by U.S.
government agencies or by government sponsored enterprises. CMBS may be less
liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or
asset-backed securities.
Collateralized
Loan Obligations (CLO) and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) Risk (Large
Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund and
International Fund).
A CLO is an ABS whose underlying collateral is a pool of loans. Such loans may
include domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and
subordinate corporate loans, some of which may be below investment grade or
equivalent unrated loans. Investments in CLOs carry the same risks as
investments in loans directly, as well as other risks, including interest rate
risk, credit and liquidity and valuation risks, and the risk of default. CLOs
issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield. A Portfolio may invest
across each tranche in a CLO including the mezzanine and equity tranches. Losses
caused by defaults on underlying assets are borne first by the holders of
subordinate tranches. A CLO may experience substantial losses attributable to
loan defaults. A Portfolio’s investment in a CLO may decrease in market value
because of (i) loan defaults or credit impairment, (ii) the disappearance of
subordinate tranches, (iii) market anticipation of defaults, and (iv) investor
aversion to CLO securities as a class. These risks may be magnified depending on
the tranche of CLO securities in which a Portfolio invests. For example,
investments in a junior tranche of CLO securities will likely be more sensitive
to loan defaults or credit impairment than investments in more senior
tranches.
CDOs
are structured similarly to CLOs but are backed by pools of assets that are
securities rather than only loans, typically including bonds, other structured
finance securities (including other ABS and other CLOs) and/or synthetic
instruments. CDOs are often highly leveraged, and like CLOs, the risks of
investing in CDOs may be magnified depending on the tranche of CDO securities
held by a Portfolio. The nature of the risks of CDOs depends largely on the type
and quality of the underlying collateral and the tranche of CDOs in which a
Portfolio may invest. CDOs collateralized by pools of ABS carry the same risks
as investments in ABS directly, including losses with respect to the collateral
underlying those ABS. In addition, certain CDOs may not hold their underlying
collateral directly, but rather, use derivatives such as swaps to create
“synthetic” exposure to the collateral pool. Such CDOs entail the risks
associated with derivative instruments.
Counterparty
Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund
and International Fund). Certain
Portfolios may invest in financial instruments and OTC-traded derivatives
involving counterparties for gaining exposure to a particular group of
securities, index or asset class without actually purchasing those securities or
investments, or to hedge another position in the Portfolio. Through these
investments, the Portfolio is exposed to credit risks that the counterparty may
be unwilling or unable to make timely payments to meet its contractual
obligations or may fail to return holdings that are subject to the agreement
with the counterparty. If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on its
payment obligations to the Portfolio, the Portfolio may not receive the full
amount that it is entitled to receive. If this occurs, the value of your shares
in the Portfolio will decrease. The Portfolio bears the risk that counterparties
may be adversely affected by legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market
conditions, increased competition, and/or wide scale credit losses resulting
from financial difficulties or borrowers affecting counterparties.
Credit
Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund
and International Fund).
Certain Portfolios could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income
security, or the counterparty to a derivatives transaction or other transaction
is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating
agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely
principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
downgrade of the credit of a security held by a Portfolio may decrease the
security’s market value. Securities and derivatives contracts are subject to
varying degrees of credit risk, which are often, but not always, reflected in
credit ratings.
Derivatives
Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund
and International Fund). Certain
Portfolios may invest a percentage of its assets in derivatives, such as swaps,
futures contracts and options contracts and currency transactions, as described
in each Portfolio’s registration statement, to pursue its investment objective
and to create economic leverage
in
the Portfolio, to enhance total return, to seek to hedge against fluctuations in
securities prices, interest rates, currency rates, etc., to change the effective
duration of a Portfolio’s investments, to manage certain investment risks,
and/or as a substitute for the purchase or sale of securities or currencies. The
use of such derivatives may expose a Portfolio to risks in addition to and
greater than those associated with investing directly in the securities
underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, imperfect
correlations with underlying investments or the Portfolio’s other portfolio
holdings, high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit,
liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of such derivatives may
also expose a Portfolio to the performance of securities that the Portfolio does
not own. The skills necessary to successfully execute derivatives strategies may
be different from those for more traditional portfolio management techniques,
and if an adviser or sub-adviser of a Portfolio is incorrect about its
expectations of market conditions, the use of derivatives could also result in a
loss, which in some cases may be unlimited. Use of derivatives may also cause a
Portfolio to be subject to additional regulations, which may generate additional
Portfolio expenses. These practices also entail transactional expenses and may
cause a Portfolio to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains than if
the Portfolio had not engaged in such transactions. The markets for certain
derivative instruments, and those located in foreign countries, are relatively
new and still developing, which may expose a Portfolio to increased counterparty
and liquidity risk. Certain risks also are specific to the derivatives in which
a Portfolio invests.
Certain
of the derivatives in which a Portfolio invests are traded (and privately
negotiated) in the OTC market. OTC derivatives are complex and often valued
subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment
requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a Portfolio. In addition,
OTC derivative instruments are often highly customized and tailored to meet the
needs of a Portfolio and its trading counterparties. If a derivative transaction
is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be
possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous
time or price. As a result, and similar to other privately negotiated contracts,
a Portfolio is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such
derivative contracts.
Swap
Agreements. Swap
agreements are contracts between the Portfolio and a counterparty to exchange
the return of the pre-determined underlying investment (such as the rate of
return of the underlying index). Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally
and traded OTC between two parties or, in some instances, must be transacted
through a futures commission merchant and cleared through a clearinghouse that
serves as central counterparty. Risks associated with the use of swap agreements
are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities
transactions, due in part to the fact that they could be considered illiquid and
many trades trade on the OTC market. The use of swap agreements may require
asset segregation. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory clearing.
Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase
liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk-free.
Credit
Default Swaps.
A credit default swap enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a
credit event, such as a bond issuer’s failure to make timely payments of
interest or principal, bankruptcy or restructuring. Certain credit default swaps
have been designated for mandatory central clearing. A credit default swap may
be embedded within a structured note or other derivative instrument. Credit
default swaps are subject to credit risk on the underlying investment. Credit
default swaps also are subject to the risk that a Portfolio will not assess
properly the cost of the underlying investment. If a Portfolio is selling credit
protection, it bears the risk that a credit event will occur, requiring the
Portfolio to pay the counterparty the set value of the defaulted bonds. If a
Portfolio is buying credit protection, there is the risk that no credit event
will occur, and the Portfolio will receive no benefit for the premium
paid.
Options.
Options or options on futures contracts give the holder of the option the right
to buy or to sell a position in a security or in a contract to the writer of the
option, at a certain, predetermined price. There may be an imperfect correlation
between the options and the securities markets that cause a given transaction to
fail to achieve its objectives. Because the value of an option declines as the
expiration date approaches, a Portfolio risks losing all or part of its
investment in the option. The successful use of options depends on an adviser or
subadviser’s ability to predict correctly future price fluctuations and the
degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. Exchanges can
limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by a Portfolio,
thus limiting the ability to implement the Portfolio’s strategy. Options may
also be less liquid than other investments.
Emerging
Markets Risk (International Fund and Income Fund). Certain
Portfolios may invest in securities in emerging markets. Investing in securities
in emerging countries may entail greater risks than investing in securities in
developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political and
economic stability; (ii) the small current size of the markets for such
securities and the currently low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result
in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) lack of access to
reliable capital and market manipulation; (iv) certain national policies which
may restrict a Portfolio’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on
investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (v)
foreign taxation; (vi) the absence of developed structures governing private or
foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private
property; (vii) lower levels of government regulation and less extensive
accounting, financial and other reporting requirements; and (viii) high rates of
inflation for prolonged periods. Sovereign debt of emerging countries may be in
default or present a greater risk of default.
Equity
Securities Risk. Certain
Portfolios may invest in equity securities and equity-related securities, which
include common stocks and other equity securities (and securities convertible
into stocks), and the prices of equity securities generally fluctuate in value
more than other investments. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock
market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity
securities may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods
of decline in value. This may occur
because
of factors affecting a particular company or industry or the securities markets
generally. Common stocks generally represent the riskiest investment in a
company. Because certain types of equity securities, such as common stocks, are
generally subordinate to preferred stocks in a company’s capital structure, in a
company liquidation, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of
bonds and preferred stocks take precedence over the claims of common stock
shareholders. If the prices of the equity securities held by a Portfolio fall,
the Portfolio’s NAV may be adversely affected. A Portfolio may lose a
substantial part, or even all, of its investment in a company’s stock. A
Portfolio’s investment in securities offered through initial public offerings
(“IPOs”) may have a magnified performance impact, either positive or negative,
on the Portfolio, particularly if the Portfolio has a small asset base. There is
no guarantee that as a Portfolio’s assets grow, it will continue to experience
substantially similar performance by investing in IPOs. A Portfolio’s
investments in IPOs may make it subject to more erratic price movements than the
overall equity market.
Exchange-Traded
Funds Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio,
Income Fund and International Fund).
Certain Portfolios may invest in exchange-traded funds (ETFs). ETFs involve
certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a portfolio of
common stocks, because ETFs trade on an exchange, including the risk that the
general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value
of each unit of the ETF. ETF shares thus may trade at a premium or discount to
their NAV. Moreover, a passively managed ETF may not fully replicate the
performance of its benchmark index because of the temporary unavailability of
certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the
ETF and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or the number of
stocks held. Like an actively managed mutual fund, actively managed ETFs are
subject to the risk that analyses applied by the manager of the ETF will not
produce the desired results and that the investment objective of the ETF will
not be achieved.
Fixed-Income
Securities Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio,
Income Fund and International Fund). Certain
Portfolios invest in fixed-income securities, which are subject to interest rate
risk and credit risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of
a fixed-income security resulting from changes in the general level of interest
rates. When the general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most
fixed-income securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes
down, the prices of most fixed-income securities go up. Fixed-income securities
with longer maturities typically are more sensitive to changes in interest
rates, making them more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Credit
risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable
and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on
its debt. Debt instruments are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which
may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit
rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may
occur quickly and without advance warning following sudden market downturns or
unexpected developments involving an issuer, and which may adversely affect the
liquidity and value of the security. Securities issued by the U.S. Government
are subject to limited credit risk; however, securities issued by U.S.
Government agencies are not necessarily backed by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. Government. A Portfolio may be subject to heightened interest rate risk
as a result of a rise in interest rates. In addition, a Portfolio that invests
in fixed-income securities is subject to the risk that interest rates may
exhibit increased volatility, which could cause a Portfolio’s NAV to fluctuate
more. A decrease in fixed-income market maker capacity may act to decrease
liquidity in the fixed-income markets and act to further increase volatility,
affecting a Portfolio’s returns.
Foreign
Securities Risk (International Fund and Income Fund). Foreign
securities (including American depository receipts (ADRs) and global depository
receipts (GDRs)) could be affected by factors not present in the U.S., including
expropriation, confiscation of property, political instability, differences in
financial reporting standards, less stringent regulation of securities markets,
and difficulties in enforcing contracts. Compared to U.S. companies, there may
be less publicly available information about foreign companies and less
governmental regulation and supervision of foreign companies. Foreign securities
generally experience more volatility than their domestic counterparts. Political
and economic developments may adversely impact the value of foreign securities.
Any depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with
investing in foreign securities directly because the value of a depositary
receipt is dependent upon the market price of the underlying foreign equity
security. Depositary receipts are also subject to liquidity risk. Fluctuations
in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may
negatively affect an investment.
Investing
in foreign issuers may involve certain risks not typically associated with
investing in securities of U.S. issuers due to increased exposure to foreign
economic, political and legal developments, including favorable or unfavorable
changes in currency exchange rates, foreign interest rates, exchange control
regulations (including currency blockage), expropriation or nationalization of
assets, imposition of withholding taxes on payments, and possible difficulty in
obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities. Furthermore, issuers
of foreign securities and obligations are subject to different, often less
comprehensive, accounting, reporting and disclosure requirements than domestic
issuers. The securities and obligations of some foreign companies and foreign
markets are less liquid and at times more volatile than comparable U.S.
securities, obligations and markets. Securities markets in foreign countries
often are not as developed, efficient or liquid as securities markets in the
United States, and therefore, the market prices of foreign securities can be
more volatile. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability
of issuers to make payments of principal and interest to investors located
outside the country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other
confiscation, the entire investment in a foreign security could be lost. Foreign
brokerage commissions and other fees are also generally higher than in the
United States. There are also special tax considerations which apply to
securities and obligations of foreign issuers and securities and obligations
principally traded overseas. These risks may be more pronounced to the extent
that a Portfolio invests a significant amount of assets in companies located in
one country or geographic region, in which case the Portfolio may be more
exposed to regional economic risks, and to the extent that a Portfolio invests
in securities of issuers in emerging markets. Investments
in
U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers are also subject to many
of the risks described above regarding securities of foreign issuers denominated
in foreign currencies.
Forward
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts Risk (International Fund and Income Fund).
There
may be imperfect correlation between the price of a forward contract and the
underlying security, index or currency which will increase the volatility of a
Portfolio. A Portfolio will bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be
received under a forward contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a
counterparty. If such a default occurs, a Portfolio will have contractual
remedies pursuant to the forward contract, but such remedies may be subject to
bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect a Portfolio’s rights as a
creditor. Forward currency transactions include risks associated with
fluctuations in foreign currency.
High-Yield
and Unrated Securities Risk (International Fund and Income Fund). High-yield
debt securities in the lower rating (higher risk) categories of the recognized
rating services are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Generally, high-yield
debt securities are debt securities that have been determined by a rating agency
to have a lower probability of being paid and have a credit rating of “BB”
category or lower by Standard & Poor’s Corporation and Fitch Investors
Service, Inc. or “Ba” category or lower by Moody’s Investors Service or have
been determined by a Portfolio’s adviser or subadviser to be of comparable
quality. The total return and yield of junk bonds can be expected to fluctuate
more than the total return and yield of higher-quality bonds. Junk bonds (those
rated below investment grade or in default, or unrated securities determined to
be of comparable quality) are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect
to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments.
Successful investment in lower-medium and lower-rated debt securities involves
greater investment risk and is highly dependent on an adviser or subadviser’s
credit analysis. A real or perceived economic downturn or higher interest rates
could cause a decline in high-yield bond prices by lessening the ability of
issuers to make principal and interest payments. These bonds are often thinly
traded and can be more difficult value accurately than high-quality bonds.
Because objective pricing data may be less available, judgment may play a
greater role in the valuation process. In addition, the entire junk bond market
can experience sudden and sharp price swings due to a variety of factors,
including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large or
sustained sales by major investors, a high-profile default, or just a change in
the market’s psychology. This type of volatility is usually associated more with
stocks than bonds. Lower-quality securities tend to be less liquid than
higher-quality debt securities because the market for them is not as broad or
active. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse effect on
market price and a Portfolio’s ability to sell particular securities. In
addition, a Portfolio that invests in lower-quality securities may incur
additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default
in the payment of principal and interest on its holdings.
Index
Tracking Risk (Index Fund). There
is a risk that the Index Fund’s performance may not exactly match the
performance of the Index. The Index Fund does not hold every stock contained in
the Index and the performance of the stocks held in the Index Fund may not track
exactly the performance of the stocks held in the Index. Furthermore, unlike the
Index, the Index Fund incurs management fees, 12b-1 fees (for Investment Class
Shares only), administrative expenses and transaction costs in trading
stocks.
Large-Cap
Company Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio and Large Company Value Portfolio).
Investments
in larger, more established companies may involve certain risks associated with
their larger size. For instance, larger, more established companies may be less
able to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in
consumer tastes or innovation from smaller competitors. Also, larger companies
are sometimes less able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller
companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.
Leverage
Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value Portfolio, Income Fund
and International Fund). The
use of derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements,
unfunded commitments, tender option bonds and borrowings (typically lines of
credit) may create leveraging risk. For example, because of the low margin
deposit required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage.
As a result, a relatively small price movement in an underlying reference
instrument may result in an immediate and substantial impact on a fund’s NAV.
Leveraging may cause a Portfolio’s performance to be more volatile than if it
had not been leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk and otherwise comply with
regulatory requirements, a Portfolio must segregate or earmark liquid assets to
meet its obligations under, or otherwise cover, the transactions that may give
rise to this risk, including, but not limited to, futures, certain options,
swaps and reverse repurchase agreements. Applicable law limits a fund from
borrowing in an amount greater than 33 ⅓% of its assets.
Market
Risk. The
Portfolios may incur losses due to declines in the value of one or more
securities in which it invests. The market price of a security or instrument may
decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions
that are not specifically related to a particular company, including conditions
affecting the general economy; political, social, or economic instability at the
local, regional or global level; geopolitical conflicts, including the war
between Russia and Ukraine; and currency and interest rate fluctuations. U.S.
and other economies are vulnerable economically to the impact of a public health
crisis, which could depress consumer demand, reduce economic output, and
potentially lead to market closures, travel restrictions, and quarantines, all
of which would negatively impact the country’s economy and could affect the
economies of its trading partners. There is also the possibility that the price
of a security will fall because the market perceives that there is or will be a
deterioration in the fundamental value of the issuer or poor earnings
performance by the issuer. Market risk may affect a single security, company,
industry, sector, or the entire market.
Multi-Managed
Fund Risk (All Portfolios except Index Fund).
The Portfolio is a multi-managed fund with multiple subadvisers who employ
different strategies. As a result, the Portfolio may have to buy and sell
transactions in the same security on the same day.
Other
Investment Companies Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value
Portfolio, Index Fund, Income Fund and International Fund). Investing
in other investment vehicles, including registered investment companies managed
by a subadviser or an affiliate of a subadviser, unaffiliated registered
investment companies, ETFs, and closed-end funds, subjects a Portfolio to those
risks affecting the investment vehicle, including the possibility that the value
of the underlying securities held by the investment vehicle could decrease. To
the extent a Portfolio invests in other investment companies or vehicles, A
Portfolio and its shareholders will incur its pro rata share of the underlying
investment companies’ or vehicles’ expenses, such as investment advisory and
other management expenses, and shareholders will be required to pay the
operating expenses of two or more investment vehicles. In addition, a Portfolio
will be subject to the effects of business and regulatory developments that
affect an underlying investment company or vehicle or the investment company
industry generally. In addition, an underlying investment vehicle may buy the
same securities that another underlying investment vehicle sells. If this
happens, an investor in a Portfolio would indirectly bear the costs of these
trades without accomplishing any investment purpose. In addition, certain of the
underlying investment vehicles may hold common portfolio positions, thereby
reducing the diversification benefits of an asset allocation style. On the other
hand, the underlying investment vehicles may engage in investment strategies or
invest in specific investments in which a Portfolio would not engage or invest
directly. The performance of those underlying investment vehicles, in turn,
depends upon the performance of the securities in which they invest or the
underlying investment which may be managed by a subadviser or its
affiliate.
Preferred
Securities Risk (Income Fund). Preferred
stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the
holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common
stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation
of the company. Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return.
Preferred stock is subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable
generally to equity securities. In addition, a company’s preferred stock
generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to
holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred
stock will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or
perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred
stock has properties of both an equity and a debt instrument and is generally
considered a hybrid instrument. Preferred stock is senior to common stock but is
subordinate to bonds in terms of claims or rights to their share of the assets
of the company. Issuers of preferred securities may be in industries that are
heavily regulated and that may receive government funding. The value of
preferred securities issued by these companies may be affected by changes in
government policy, such as increased regulation, ownership restrictions,
deregulation or reduced government funding, or other government
action.
Small-Cap
Company Risk (Small Company Growth Portfolio, Small Company Value Portfolio and
International Fund). Small-cap
companies may lack the management experience, financial resources, product
diversity and competitive strengths of larger companies, and may be traded less
frequently. These companies may be in the developmental stage or may be older
companies undergoing significant changes. Small-cap companies may also be
subject to greater business risks and more sensitive to changes in economic
conditions than larger more established companies. As a result, the prices of
small-cap companies may rise and fall more sharply than larger capitalized
companies. When a Portfolio takes significant positions in small-cap companies
with limited trading volumes, the liquidation of those positions, particularly
in a distressed market, could be prolonged and result in investment losses that
would affect the value of your investment in the Portfolio.
Sector
Risk. If
a Portfolio invests significantly in one or more sectors, market and economic
factors affecting those sectors will have a significant effect on the value of
the Portfolio’s investments in that sector, which can increase the volatility of
the Portfolio’s performance.
Financials
Sector (Large Company Value Portfolio and Small Company Value Portfolio).
The
Portfolio will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater
extent on, the overall condition of the financials sector. Companies in the
financials sector may be subject to extensive government regulation that affects
the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of
capital they must maintain. The profitability of companies in the financials
sector may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates, by loan losses,
which usually increase in economic downturns, and by credit rating downgrades.
In addition, the financials sector is undergoing numerous changes, including
continuing consolidations, development of new products and structures and
changes to its regulatory framework. Furthermore, some companies in the
financials sector perceived as benefiting from government intervention in the
past may be subject to future government-imposed restrictions on their
businesses or face increased government involvement in their operations.
Increased government involvement in the financials sector, including measures
such as taking ownership positions in financial institutions, could result in a
dilution of the Fund’s investments in financial institutions.
Health
Care Sector (Small Company Growth Portfolio).
The profitability of companies in the health care sector may be affected by
extensive government regulations, restrictions on government reimbursement for
medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing
pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of
products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market
developments. Many health care companies are heavily dependent on patent
protection. The expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of
these companies. Many health care companies are subject to extensive litigation
based on product liability and similar claims. Health care companies are subject
to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact,
may result in price discounting. Many
new
products in the health care sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The
process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly and may be ultimately
unsuccessful. Companies in the health care sector may be thinly capitalized and
may be susceptible to product obsolescence.
Information
Technology Sector (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value
Portfolio, Small Company Growth Portfolio and Index Fund).
Certain Portfolios will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a
greater extent on, the overall condition of the information technology sector.
Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and
internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information
technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial
resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may
face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent
new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition
for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology
sector are heavily dependent on patent protection and the expiration of patents
may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
Style
Risk (All Style Portfolios). The
style risk is the risk that a Portfolio’s growth or value styles will perform
poorly or fall out of favor with investors. For example, at times the market may
favor large capitalization stocks over small capitalization stocks, growth
stocks over value stocks, or vice versa.
U.S.
Government Securities Risk (Large Company Growth Portfolio, Large Company Value
Portfolio, Income Fund and International Fund). Different
types of U.S. government securities have different relative levels of credit
risk depending on the nature of the particular government support for that
security. U.S. government securities may be supported by: (1) the full faith and
credit of the United States; (2) the ability of the issuer to borrow from the
U.S. Treasury; (3) the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or
government-sponsored entity; (4) pools of assets (e.g.,
MBS); or (5) the United States in some other way. In some cases, there may even
be the risk of default. For certain agency issued securities, there is no
guarantee the U.S. government will support the agency if it is unable to meet
its obligations. Further, the U.S. government and its agencies and
instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities and, as
a result, the value of such securities will fluctuate and are subject to
investment risks.
Additional
principal risk and strategies relating to each Portfolio are set forth
below:
Cyber
Security Risks. The
Adviser to the Portfolios and the Portfolio’s service providers’ use of the
internet, technology and information systems may expose the Portfolios to
potential cyber security risks linked to those technologies or information
systems. Cyber security risks, among other things, may result in financial
losses; delays or mistakes in the calculation of a Portfolio’s NAV or data;
access by an unauthorized party to proprietary information or Portfolio assets;
and data corruption or loss of operations functionality. While measures have
been developed that are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber
security, there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective,
particularly since the Portfolios do not directly control the cyber security
defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and
companies in which it invests or with which it does business.
Regulatory
and Legal Risk. U.S.
and other regulators and governmental agencies may implement additional
regulations and legislators may pass new laws that affect the investments held
by a Portfolio, the strategies used by a fund or the level of regulation or
taxation applying to a fund (such as regulations related to investments in
derivatives). These may impact the investment strategies, performance, costs and
operations of a Portfolio or taxation of shareholders.
Securities
Lending Risk.
A Portfolio may lend its investment securities in an amount of up to 33 ⅓% of
its total assets to approved institutional borrowers who need to borrow
securities to complete certain transactions. Any loss in the market price of
securities loaned by a Portfolio that occurs during the term of the loan would
be borne by the Portfolio and would affect the Portfolio’s investment
performance. Also, there may be delays in recovery of securities loaned or even
a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail
financially while the loan is outstanding. However, loans will be made only to
borrowers selected by a Portfolio’s delegate after a review of relevant facts
and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the borrower. The
Portfolios’ Board will make arrangements to vote or consent with respect to a
material event affecting a Portfolio’s securities on loan.
Temporary
Investments Risk.
From time to time, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic,
political or other conditions, a Portfolio may take temporary defensive
positions that are inconsistent with the Portfolio’s principal investment
strategies and invest all or a part of its assets in defensive investments.
These investments include U.S. government securities and high-quality U.S.
dollar-denominated money market securities, including certificates of deposit,
bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, short-term debt securities and
repurchase agreements. When following a defensive strategy, a Portfolio may not
achieve its investment objective.
Disclosure
of Portfolio Holdings
A
description of the Company’s policies and procedures relating to disclosure of
portfolio holdings is available in the Portfolios’ Statement of Additional
Information (“SAI”). The Portfolios’ complete portfolio holdings data will be
made available monthly on the Adviser’s website at http://wilshire.com,
generally on the first business day following the 20th calendar day after month
end. Such information will remain available on the website until the information
is filed with the SEC.
MANAGEMENT
OF THE PORTFOLIOS
Investment
Adviser
Wilshire
is the investment adviser for the Portfolios. Wilshire, formed in 1972, is
located at 1299 Ocean Avenue, Suite 700, Santa Monica, California 90401. As of
December 31, 2023,
Wilshire’s total assets under advisement were $121.6
billion.
Wilshire also provides investment technology products and investment consulting
services. Wilshire conducts its investment decision-making through an investment
committee structure. The investment committee consists of senior level
investment professionals with significant investment experience. The investment
committee is currently comprised of Josh Emanuel, Nathan Palmer, Anthony
Wicklund, Gary Tom, Cian Desmond, David Johnson, Joanna Bewick, Sean Carlin,
Robert Noe, Ryan Lennie, Steve Foresti, and Suehyun Kim. Josh Emanuel is
chairman of the investment committee.
For
the services provided and the expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment
Advisory Agreement, the Adviser receives a fee based on each Portfolio’s average
daily net assets, computed daily and payable monthly, at the following annual
rates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio |
Rate
on the First $1 Billion of Portfolio Assets |
Rate
on Portfolio Assets in Excess of $1 Billion |
Large
Company Growth Portfolio |
0.75% |
0.65% |
Large
Company Value Portfolio |
0.75% |
0.65% |
Small
Company Growth Portfolio |
0.85% |
0.75% |
Small
Company Value Portfolio |
0.85% |
0.75% |
Index
Fund |
0.10% |
0.07% |
International
Fund |
1.00% |
0.90% |
Income
Fund |
0.60% |
0.60% |
A
discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Agreement is
available in the Company’s Annual
Report
to shareholders dated December 31, 2023.
The
Portfolios paid Wilshire the advisory fees shown below during 2023.
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio |
Management
Fee Paid as a % of average daily net assets of the
Portfolio |
Large
Company Growth Portfolio(1) |
0.74 |
% |
Large
Company Value Portfolio(2) |
0.70 |
% |
Small
Company Growth Portfolio(3) |
0.37 |
% |
Small
Company Value Portfolio(4) |
0.23 |
% |
Index
Fund |
0.10 |
% |
International
Fund(5) |
0.83 |
% |
Income
Fund(6) |
0.45 |
% |
(1)The
Adviser waived 0.01% of its management fee for the Large Company Growth
Portfolio pursuant to a contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023
fiscal year.
(2)The
Adviser waived 0.05% of its management fee for the Large Company Value Portfolio
pursuant to a contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023 fiscal
year.
(3)The
Adviser waived 0.48% of its management fee for the Small Company Growth
Portfolio pursuant to a contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023
fiscal year.
(4)The
Adviser waived 0.62% of its management fee for the Small Company Value Portfolio
pursuant to a contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023 fiscal
year.
(5)The
Adviser waived 0.17% of its management fee for the International Fund pursuant
to a contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023 fiscal
year.
(6)The
Adviser waived 0.15% of its management fee for the Income Fund pursuant to a
contractual agreement to limit expenses during the 2023 fiscal
year.
Wilshire
has entered into contractual expense limitation agreements to waive a portion of
its management fee to limit expenses of the Large Company Growth Portfolio and
Large Company Value Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend
expenses on short securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.30% and 1.00% of
average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class
Shares, respectively.
Wilshire
has entered into contractual expense limitation agreements to waive a portion of
its management fee to limit expenses of the Small Company Growth Portfolio and
Small Company Value Portfolio (excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend
expenses on short securities and extraordinary expenses) to 1.35% and 1.10% of
average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class
Shares, respectively.
Wilshire
has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement to waive a portion
of its management fee to limit expenses of the International Fund (excluding
taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short securities and
extraordinary expenses) to 1.50% and 1.25% of average daily net assets for
Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares,
respectively.
Wilshire
has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement to waive a portion
of its management fee or reimburse expenses to limit expenses of the Income Fund
(excluding taxes, brokerage expenses, dividend expenses on short securities,
acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses) to 1.15% and 0.90%
of average daily net assets for Investment Class Shares and Institutional Class
Shares, respectively.
These
agreements to limit expenses continue through at least April 30,
2025
or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. To the extent that a
Portfolio’s expenses are less than the expense limitation, Wilshire may recoup
the amount of any management fee waived or expenses reimbursed within three
years from the date on which Wilshire waived its investment advisory fees or
reimbursed expenses, if the recoupment does not exceed the existing expense
limitation as well as the expense limitation that was in place at the time of
the fee waiver or expense reimbursement.
For
the year ended December 31,
2023,
the Adviser waived fees, reimbursed expenses, or recouped previously waived
fees/reimbursed expenses of the Portfolios as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio |
Fees
Waived/ Expenses Reimbursed |
Fees/Expenses
Recouped |
Large
Company Growth Portfolio |
$37,477 |
$5,724 |
Large
Company Value Portfolio |
$78,058 |
— |
Small
Company Growth Portfolio |
$134,112 |
$8,749 |
Small
Company Value Portfolio |
$159,538 |
— |
International
Fund |
$381,711 |
— |
Income
Fund |
$307,680 |
— |
At
December 31,
2023,
the amounts of fee waivers and expense reimbursements subject to recoupment by
the Adviser are listed below with the applicable expiration date for these
amounts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio |
Amounts
Subject to Recoupment |
Expiration
Date (January 1 - December 31) |
Large
Company Growth Portfolio |
$37,477 |
2026 |
| $10,018 |
2025 |
| — |
2024 |
Large
Company Value Portfolio |
$78,058 |
2026 |
| $30,491 |
2025 |
| — |
2024 |
Small
Company Growth Portfolio |
$134,112 |
2026 |
| $154,221 |
2025 |
| $106,485 |
2024 |
Small
Company Value Portfolio |
$159,538 |
2026 |
| $148,103 |
2025 |
| $133,921 |
2024 |
International
Fund |
$381,711 |
2026 |
| $359,553 |
2025 |
| $372,589 |
2024 |
Income
Fund |
$307,680 |
2026 |
| $159,407 |
2025 |
| $77,038 |
2024 |
Wilshire
may pay certain financial institutions (which may include banks, securities
dealers and other industry professionals) which make the Portfolios available on
their omnibus platforms a “servicing fee” and other non-cash compensation for
performing certain administrative service functions for shareholders. These
payments and compensation are in addition to fees paid by the Portfolios. These
fees will be paid periodically and will generally be based on a percentage of
the value of the institutions’ client Portfolio shares.
Wilshire
may pay additional compensation, out of profits derived from its management fee
and not as an additional charge to the Portfolio, to certain financial
institutions (which may include banks, securities dealers and other industry
professionals) for the sale and/or distribution of Portfolio shares or the
retention and/or servicing of Portfolio investors and Portfolio shares (“revenue
sharing”). These payments are in addition to any distribution or servicing fees
payable under a 12b-1 or service plan of the Portfolio, any record keeping or
sub-transfer agency fees payable by the Portfolio, or other fees described in
the fee table or elsewhere in the prospectus or statement of additional
information. Examples of “revenue sharing” payments include, but are not limited
to, payment to financial institutions for “shelf space” or access to a third
party platform or Portfolio offering list or other marketing programs,
including, but not limited to, inclusion of the Portfolio on preferred or
recommended sales lists, mutual fund “supermarket” platforms and other formal
sales programs; granting Wilshire access to the financial institution’s sales
force; granting Wilshire access to the financial institution’s conferences and
meetings; assistance in training and educating the financial institution’s
personnel; and obtaining other forms of marketing support. The level of revenue
sharing payments made to financial institutions may be a fixed fee or based upon
one or more of the following factors: gross sales, current asset and/or number
of accounts of the Portfolio attributable to the financial institution, or other
factors as agreed to by Wilshire and the financial institution or any
combination thereof. The amount of these revenue sharing payments is determined
at the discretion of Wilshire from time to time, may be substantial, and may be
different for different financial institutions depending upon the services
provided by the financial institution. Such payments may provide an incentive
for the financial institution to make shares of the Portfolio available to its
customers and may allow the Portfolios greater access to the financial
institution’s customers.
Additional
Information
The
Portfolios enter into contractual arrangements with various parties who provide
services to the Portfolios, including, among others, the Portfolio’s investment
adviser. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”)
beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements.
This
Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning each Portfolio that you
should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Portfolio. The
Portfolios may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this
Prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other
rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal
or state securities laws that may not be waived.
Investment
Subadvisers
The
SEC has issued an order (the “Order”) to Wilshire and the Company, exempting
them from the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)
requirement to submit to shareholders new or materially amended subadvisory
agreements for their approval, and reducing the amount of disclosure required to
be provided regarding the fees paid to subadvisers. The Order provides that
Wilshire may identify, retain and compensate subadvisers that are not
“affiliated persons” of Wilshire, as defined in the 1940 Act, to manage all or
portions of the Portfolios, subject to the Board’s approval. Wilshire is
responsible for, among other things, setting each Portfolio’s investment
strategy and structure, identifying subadvisers, ongoing monitoring and
evaluation of subadvisers, implementing procedures to ensure that subadvisers
comply with each Portfolio’s investment objectives, policies, guidelines and
restrictions, terminating subadvisers (subject to the Board’s approval) and
reallocating assets among subadvisers. Shareholders will be notified of, and
provided with information regarding, Wilshire’s retention of new subadvisers or
any material amendments to subadvisory agreements, within 90 days of either
occurrence.
A
discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of each subadvisory
agreement is available in the Company’s Annual
Report
to shareholders dated December 31, 2023.
The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s
compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of shares.
Alger
Management
Wilshire
has entered into a subadvisory agreement with Alger Management, dated January 8,
2021, to manage a portion of the Large Company Growth Portfolio, subject to the
supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Alger Management is located at 100 Park
Street, 27th Floor, New York, New York 10004. Alger Management has been an
investment adviser since 1964. Alger Management is indirectly owned by Alger
Associates, Inc. (“Alger Associates”), a financial services holding company.
Alger Associates and, indirectly, Alger Management, are controlled by Hilary M.
Alger, Nicole D. Alger, and Alexandra D. Alger, who own in the aggregate in
excess of 99% of the voting rights of Alger Associates. As of December 31,
2023,
Alger Management managed approximately $22.1
billion
in assets under management. Alger Management’s investment team for its portion
of the Portfolio consists of Ankur Crawford, Ph.D. and Patrick Kelly,
CFA.
Dr.
Crawford has been employed by Alger Management since 2004. She became a
portfolio manager and a Senior Vice President in 2010 and an Executive Vice
President in 2019. She served as a Vice President and an Analyst for Alger
Management from 2007 to 2010, and a Senior Analyst for Alger Management from
2010 to 2016.
Mr.
Kelly has been employed by Alger Management since 1999. He became a portfolio
manager in 2004, an Executive Vice President in 2008, and the Head of Alger
Capital Appreciation and Spectra Strategies in 2015.
AllianceBernstein
Wilshire
has entered into a subadvisory agreement with AllianceBernstein, dated December
1, 2021, to manage a portion of the Large Company Growth Portfolio, subject to
the supervision of Wilshire and the Board. AllianceBernstein is located at 501
Commerce Street, Nashville, Tennessee 37203. AllianceBernstein, an indirect
majority-owned subsidiary of Equitable Holdings, Inc., has managed retirement
assets for public and private employee benefit plans, public employee retirement
funds, investment companies, foundations, endowments, banks, and insurance
companies worldwide. As of December 31,
2023,
AllianceBernstein managed approximately
$725.2 million
in assets under management. AllianceBernstein’s investment team consists of John
H. Fogarty, CFA and Vinay Thapar, CFA.
John
H. Fogarty, CFA, has been employed by AllianceBernstein since 2006. Mr. Fogarty
is a Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager for US Growth Equities, a
position he has held since 2009. Mr. Fogarty holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in
History from Columbia University and is a CFA charterholder.
Vinay
Thapar, CFA, has been employed by AllianceBernstein since 2011. Mr. Thapar is a
Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager for US Growth Equities and the
International Healthcare Portfolio. He is also a Senior Research Analyst,
responsible for covering global healthcare. Mr. Thapar holds a Bachelor of Arts
degree in Biology from New York University and is a CFA
charterholder.
Diamond
Hill
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Diamond Hill, dated January 8, 2021,
to manage a portion of the Small Company Value Portfolio, subject to the
supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Diamond Hill is located at 325 John H.
McConnell Boulevard, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43215. Diamond Hill is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. As of
December 31,
2023,
Diamond Hill managed approximately
$27.4 billion
in regulatory assets under management. Aaron
Monroe manages Diamond Hill’s portion of the Small Company Value
Portfolio.
Aaron
Monroe has a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance, Accounting and
Economics from The Ohio State University (cum laude) and holds the CFA
designation. He has been an investment professional with Diamond Hill since June
2007. Mr. Monroe currently serves as a Portfolio Manager for Diamond Hill.
From 2007 to 2008, Mr. Monroe served as an Equity Trader with Diamond Hill.
From 2006 to 2007, Mr. Monroe was a Consulting Group Analyst with Smith
Barney. In 2005, Mr. Monroe was an Associate with Duff &
Phelps.
DoubleLine
Wilshire
has entered into a subadvisory agreement with DoubleLine dated January 8, 2021,
to manage a portion of the Income Fund, subject to the supervision of Wilshire
and the Board. DoubleLine’s principal place of business is located at 333 South
Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071. DoubleLine was
co-founded by Jeffrey E. Gundlach and Philip A. Barach in December 2009 and is
an SEC-registered investment adviser. As of December 31,
2023,
DoubleLine had approximately $92.97
billion of
assets under management.
Day-to-day
management of DoubleLine’s portion of the Income Fund is the responsibility of
Jeffrey E. Gundlach and Jeffrey Sherman. Mr. Gundlach, Chief Executive Office
and Chief Investment Officer of DoubleLine, co-founded DoubleLine in December
2009.
Mr.
Sherman was named as DoubleLine’s Deputy Chief Investment Officer in June 2016.
He has been a Portfolio Manager of DoubleLine Capital since September 2010. He
has been President of DoubleLine Alternatives LP (f/k/a DoubleLine Commodity LP)
since April 2015.
Granahan
Wilshire
has entered into a subadvisory agreement with Granahan, dated November 3, 2021,
to manage a portion of the Small Company Growth Portfolio, subject to the
supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Granahan is located at 404 Wyman Street,
Suite 460, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451. Granahan is an independent,
employee-owned firm founded in 1985 by investment professionals with a passion
for small capitalization equity investing. As of December 31,
2023,
Granahan managed approximately $3.1
billion
in assets under management. Jeffrey Harrison serves as a Portfolio Manager of
the Small Company Growth Portfolio.
Jeffrey
Harrison is a Senior Vice President and Managing Director of Granahan. Mr.
Harrison is a portfolio manager/analyst for the multi-managed Small Cap and
SMID-Cap portfolios. Mr. Harrison came to Granahan in 2015 with 18 years
industry experience
specializing
in small cap equities, with the last 11 years as a portfolio manager. Mr.
Harrison has spent much of his career as portfolio manager on a diversified
small cap growth equity fund with Wells Capital Management and its predecessor
companies in Richmond, VA. Mr. Harrison has extensive fundamental research
experience across industries with specific expertise in the healthcare and
financial services sectors. Mr. Harrison received his MBA in Finance from the
College of William & Mary, and his BA from Hampden-Sydney College in
Virginia. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member
of the CFA Institute.
Hotchkis
& Wiley
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Hotchkis & Wiley, dated January 8,
2021, as amended November 3, 2021, to manage a portion of the Large Company
Value Portfolio and Small Company Value Portfolio, subject to the supervision of
Wilshire and the Board. Hotchkis & Wiley is located at 601 South Figueroa
Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, California 90017. Hotchkis & Wiley is a
limited liability company, the primary members of which are HWCap Holdings, a
limited liability company whose members are current and former employees of
Hotchkis & Wiley, and Stephens-H&W, LLC, a limited liability company
whose primary member is SF Holding Corp., which is a diversified holding
company. As of December 31,
2023,
Hotchkis & Wiley managed approximately $31.2
billion
in regulatory assets under management.
Hotchkis
& Wiley’s investment team consists of George Davis, Jr., Scott McBride, CFA,
and Judd E. Peters, CFA for the Large Company Value Portfolio.
Hotchkis
& Wiley’s investment team consists of Judd E. Peters, CFA, and Ryan Thomes,
CFA, for the Small Company Value Portfolio.
George
Davis, Executive Chairman and Portfolio Manager, has been with Hotchkis &
Wiley since 1988. Mr. Davis had been a Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis &
Wiley since 2001. In October 2021, Mr. Davis transitioned to Executive Chairman.
Prior to joining Hotchkis & Wiley, Mr. Davis was an assistant to the senior
partner of RCM Capital Management. Mr. Davis received his Bachelor of Arts
degree in Economics and History and MBA from Stanford University.
Scott
McBride, Chief Executive Officer and Portfolio Manager, has been with Hotchkis
& Wiley since 2001. Mr. McBride was named President of Hotchkis & Wiley
in January 2016. In October 2021, he became Chief Executive Officer. Prior to
joining Hotchkis & Wiley, Mr. McBride was an associate consultant with
Deloitte Consulting and worked as an investment marketing analyst with Fidelity
Investments. Mr. McBride, a CFA charterholder, received his Bachelor of Arts
degree in Economics from Georgetown University and MBA from Columbia University.
Judd
Peters is a Portfolio Manager of Hotchkis & Wiley since 2003. He joined
Hotchkis & Wiley’s predecessor investment advisory firm in 1999 as an equity
analyst and became portfolio manager in 2003. Prior to joining Hotchkis &
Wiley, Mr. Peters was an analyst in the investment banking division of Wedbush
Morgan Securities. Mr. Peters, a CFA charterholder, received his Bachelor of
Arts degree in Mathematics and a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from
University of California, San Diego.
Ryan
Thomes is a Portfolio Manager of Hotchkis & Wiley since 2018 and served as
an analyst of Hotchkis and Wiley from 2008 to 2017. Prior to joining Hotchkis
& Wiley, Mr. Thomes was a global equity senior research associate for
Jeffrey Slocum and Associates, Inc. He began his investment career as a research
analyst at Berthel Schutter LLC. Mr. Thomes, a CFA charterholder, received his
Bachelor of Science degree in Entrepreneurial Management and Finance from the
University of Minnesota.
Lazard
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Lazard, dated January 8, 2021, to
manage a portion of the International Fund, subject to the supervision of
Wilshire and the Board. Lazard is located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY
10112. Lazard, a Delaware limited liability company, is a registered investment
advisor and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Frères & Co. LLC
(“LF&Co”), a New York limited liability company with one member, Lazard
Group, LLC (“Lazard Group”) which is a Delaware limited liability company.
Interests of Lazard Group are indirectly held by Lazard
Inc., a Delaware corporation
whose shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under
the symbol “LAZ.” As of December 31,
2023,
Lazard managed approximately $206.9
billion
in regulatory assets under management. Lazard’s investment team consists of Paul
Moghtader, Taras Ivanenko, Alex Lai, Craig Scholl, Ciprian Marin, Peter
Kashanek, and Susanne Willumsen.
Paul
Moghtader, a Managing Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on
various of the Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to joining
Lazard in 2007, Mr. Moghtader was Head of the Global Active Equity Group and a
Senior Portfolio Manager at State Street Global Advisors (“SSGA”). Mr. Moghtader
began his career at Dain Bosworth as a research assistant when he began working
in the investment field in 1992. Mr. Moghtader is a Chartered Financial Analyst
(“CFA”) Charterholder.
Taras
Ivanenko, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of the
Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to joining Lazard in 2007,
Mr. Ivanenko was a Senior Portfolio Manager in the Global Active Equity group at
SSGA. Mr. Ivanenko began working in the investment field in 1995 and is a CFA
Charterholder.
Alex
Lai, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of the
Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to joining Lazard in 2008,
Mr. Lai was a Vice President and Quantitative Portfolio Manager in the Global
Active Equity group at SSGA. Mr. Lai began working in the investment field in
2002 and is a CFA Charterholder.
Kurt
Livermore, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager on various of Lazard’s
Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to joining Lazard in 2023,
Mr. Livermore was Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager at Acadian Asset
Management. Mr. Livermore began working in the investment field in
2015.
Craig
Scholl, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio
Manager/Analyst on
various of the Investment Manager’s Global Advantage portfolio management teams.
Prior to joining the Investment Manager in 2007, he was a Principal and a Senior
Portfolio Manager in the Global Active Equity group of State Street Global
Advisors (SSGA). Mr. Scholl began working in the investment field in 1984 and is
a CFA Charterholder.
Ciprian
Marin, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on various of the
Investment Manager’s Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to
joining the Investment Manager in 2008, Mr. Marin was a Senior Portfolio Manager
at SSGA, managing European, UK and Global funds. He began working in the
investment field in 1997.
Peter
Kashanek, a Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on Lazard's
Equity Advantage team. He began working in the investment field in 1994. Prior
to joining Lazard in 2007, Mr. Kashanek was a Principal and a Portfolio Manager
in the Global Active Equity group at State SSGA. Previously, Mr. Kashanek was an
investment analyst in the Institutional Equity Research Group at Bank of
Montreal where he focused on global energy companies. Prior to that, he was an
Associate in the Global Equity Research Group at Deutsche Bank Securities. Mr.
Kashanek also worked at Reliant Energy in Houston as a member of its Corporate
Development team. Mr. Kashanek has an MBA with a concentration in Finance from
Vanderbilt University and a BA in Government from St. Lawrence
University.
Susanne
Willumsen, a Managing Director of Lazard, is a Portfolio Manager/Analyst on
various of the Global Advantage portfolio management teams. Prior to joining
Lazard in 2008, Ms. Willumsen was Managing Director, Head of Active Equities
Europe at SSGA. Ms. Willumsen began working in the investment field in
1993.
Los
Angeles Capital
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Los Angeles Capital, dated January 8,
2021, to manage the Index Fund and portions of the Large Company Growth
Portfolio, the Large Company Value Portfolio, the Small Company Growth
Portfolio, the Small Company Value Portfolio, and the International Fund,
subject to the supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Los Angeles Capital is
located at 11150 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025. As of
December 31,
2023,
Los Angeles Capital managed approximately $34.6
billion in
assets. Thomas D. Stevens, CFA – Chairman and Senior Portfolio Manager; Hal W.
Reynolds, CFA - Co-Chief Investment Officer; Daniel E. Allen, CFA - President,
CEO, and Senior Portfolio Manager; Daniel Arche, CFA – Director
of Portfolio Strategy
and Senior Portfolio Manager, are the senior portfolio managers for the portion
of each Portfolio sub-advised by Los Angeles Capital. From 1980 until Los
Angeles Capital was formed in April 2002, Mr. Stevens was employed by Wilshire,
where he served as a Senior Managing Director and Principal. Mr. Reynolds is one
of the founding members of Los Angeles Capital, established in 2002, and prior
to founding Los Angeles Capital, he was a Managing Director and Principal at
Wilshire. Prior to joining Los Angeles Capital in 2009, Mr. Allen was a Senior
Managing Director and Board member of Wilshire. Prior to joining Los Angeles
Capital in 2007, Mr. Arche worked in the wealth management division of City
National Bank.
Manulife
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Manulife, dated January 8, 2021, to
manage a portion of the Income Fund, subject to the supervision of Wilshire and
the Board. Manulife is located at 197 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116.
Manulife, a Delaware limited liability company, is an indirect, wholly-owned
subsidiary of Manulife Financial Corporation. Manulife Financial Corporation is
a Canadian-based publicly-held company that is listed on the Toronto Stock
Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and Philippine
Stock Exchange. As of December 31,
2023,
Manulife managed approximately $200
billion
in assets. Manulife’s investment team consists of Thomas C. Goggins, Kisoo Park
and Christopher Chapman, CFA, and Bradley L. Lutz, CFA.
Christopher
Chapman, CFA, is head of Global Multi-Sector Fixed Income at Manulife. He is a
senior managing director, senior portfolio manager and the lead portfolio
manager for the company’s global multi-sector fixed income strategies,
responsible for asset allocation, global bond research and currency management.
He is responsible for portfolio management, global sovereign debt and currency
research, portfolio construction, and risk management for the company’s global
multi-sector fixed income strategies. Prior to this position, Mr. Chapman was a
senior investment analyst with the Global Multi-Sector Fixed Income Team. Before
that, he worked in several other areas of Manulife, including as an investment
risk analyst on the Quantitative Research Team. Mr. Chapman began his career at
State Street Bank. He earned a BSBA in Management from Stonehill College and an
MSF from Boston College. He is a CFA charterholder and a member of CFA Society
Boston, Inc.
Thomas
C. Goggins is a senior managing director and senior portfolio manager on the
Global Multi-Sector Fixed Income Team at Manulife. He is responsible for
portfolio management, global bond research, security selection and risk
management for the company’s global multi-sector fixed income strategies. Prior
to joining the company, Mr. Goggins held positions at Putnam Investments,
Transamerica Investments, SAC Capital and Fontana Capital. He earned a BBA from
the University of Wisconsin and an MA in Finance and Accounting from
Northwestern University’s JL Kellogg Graduate School of Management.
Kisoo
Park is a managing director and portfolio manager on the Global Multi-Sector
Fixed Income Team at Manulife. He is responsible for portfolio management,
global bond research and currency management for the company’s global
multi-sector fixed income strategies. Mr. Park joined Manulife from a hedge fund
firm based in Hong Kong, where he was a founding member and COO. Prior to that,
he was the CIO responsible for tactical asset allocation investing in global
equities, fixed income, commodities, FX and interest rate asset classes at
Prince Asset Management, Hong Kong. Earlier in his career, Mr. Park held
positions at Bank of Montreal, Fleet National Bank, Morgan Stanley and Bank of
New England, where he began his career specializing in treasury products, FX and
interest rate trading. He earned a BA in Economics from Tufts University and
attended The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
Bradley
L. Lutz, CFA, is a portfolio manager on the Manulife Global Multi-Sector Fixed
Income Team. Currently he is a portfolio manager on the preferred income team
since 2017 and previously he was a senior investment analyst, supporting the
company’s fixed-income strategies by providing expertise in the power and
utility, aerospace and defense, and industrials segments. Prior to joining
Manulife, he worked for Summit Investment Partners, where he had research,
trading, and portfolio management responsibilities for high-yield and
investment-grade corporate bonds and, prior to that, he was with Pacholder
Associates as a high-yield credit analyst. He earned a BS in Finance from Miami
University and holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
MFS
Wilshire
has entered into a subadvisory agreement with MFS, dated January 20, 2021, to
manage a portion of the Large Company Value Portfolio, subject to the
supervision of Wilshire and the Board. MFS is located at 111 Huntington Avenue,
Boston, MA 02199. MFS is America’s oldest mutual fund organization. MFS and its
predecessor organizations have a history of money management dating from 1924
and the founding of the first mutual fund, Massachusetts Investors Trust. MFS is
a subsidiary of Sun Life of Canada (U.S.) Financial Services Holdings, Inc.,
which in turn is an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of Sun Life Financial
Inc. (a diversified financial services company). As of December 31,
2023,
MFS managed approximately $598
billion
in assets under management. MFS’s investment team for the Portfolio consists of
Benjamin Stone and Timothy W. Dittmer.
Benjamin
Stone, Investment Officer of MFS, serves as Portfolio Manager of the Portfolio.
Mr. Stone has served as Portfolio Manager since January 2021 and has been
employed in the investment area of MFS since 2005.
Timothy
W. Dittmer, Investment Officer of MFS, serves as Portfolio Manager of the
Portfolio. Mr. Dittmer has served as Portfolio Manager since January 2021 and
has been employed in the investment area of MFS since 2009.
Pzena
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Pzena, dated January 8, 2021, to
manage a portion of the International Fund, subject to the supervision of
Wilshire and the Board. Pzena is located at 320 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New
York, New York 10022. As of December 31,
2023,
Pzena managed approximately $61.09
billion
in assets.
Pzena’s
investment team consists of Caroline Cai, Allison Fisch, John Goetz, and Rakesh
Bordia for the International Fund.
Ms.
Cai is a Managing Principal, Chief Executive Officer, and Portfolio Manager for
the Global, International, and Emerging Markets strategies, and the Financial
Opportunities service. Prior to joining Pzena Investment Management in 2004, Ms.
Cai was a senior analyst at AllianceBernstein LLP, and a business analyst at
McKinsey & Company.
Ms.
Fisch is a Managing Principal, President, and Portfolio Manager for the
International and Emerging Markets strategies. Prior to joining Pzena Investment
Management in 2001, Ms. Fisch was a business analyst at McKinsey & Company.
Mr.
Goetz is a Managing Principal and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena, as well
as serving as a Portfolio Manager for the Global, International, European, and
Japan Focused Value strategies. Prior to joining Pzena Investment Management in
1996, Mr. Goetz held a range of key positions at Amoco Corporation, his last as
the Global Business Manager for Amoco’s $1 billion polypropylene business where
he had bottom-line responsibility for operations and development worldwide.
Mr.
Bordia is a Principal and Portfolio Manager for the International and Emerging
Markets strategies. Prior to joining Pzena Investment Management in 2007, Mr.
Bordia was a principal at Booz Allen Hamilton focusing on innovation and growth
strategies, and a software engineer at River Run Software Group.
Ranger
Wilshire
entered into an initial subadvisory agreement with Ranger, dated September 19,
2007, and as amended January 8, 2021, to manage a portion of the Small Company
Growth Portfolio, subject to the supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Ranger
is located at 8115 Preston Road, Suite 590, Dallas, Texas 75225. As of
December 31,
2023,
Ranger managed approximately $1.7 billion in discretionary assets. W. Conrad
Doenges, Andrew Hill, Joseph LaBate, and Brown McCullough are primarily
responsible for the day-to-day management of Ranger’s allocated portion of the
Small Company Growth Portfolio’s assets.
Mr.
Doenges joined Ranger Investments in 2004, and serves as Chief Investment
Officer and Portfolio Manager. Mr. Doenges also has primary research
responsibility for consumer discretionary and consumer staples companies. Prior
to joining Ranger Investments, Mr.
Doenges
served as a partner, Managing Director and Co-Chief Investment Officer for John
McStay Investment Counsel. Mr. Doenges was employed by John McStay Investment
Counsel from 1998 to 2004.
Mr.
Hill joined Ranger Investments in 2002
and currently serves as President
and Portfolio
Manager. Prior to becoming a Portfolio Manager in 2017, Mr. Hill served as a
Sector Manager at Ranger Investments. Mr. Hill’s primary research focus is on
financial services, oil, gas, and energy. From 2002 to 2003, Mr. Hill served as
a Research Analyst for investment funds affiliated with Ranger Capital Group.
Mr.
LaBate joined Ranger Investments in 2002 and currently serves as
Managing Director and
Portfolio Manager. Prior to becoming a Portfolio Manager in 2017, Mr. LaBate
served as a Sector Manager at Ranger Investments. Mr. LaBate’s primary research
focus is on healthcare and industrials. In 2002, Mr. LaBate served as a
Portfolio Manager for RedHawk Advisors LLC and conducted fundamental equity
research with a focus on small-cap healthcare securities.
Mr.
McCullough joined Ranger Investments in
2015
and currently serves as Director
and Portfolio
Manager. Prior to becoming a Portfolio Manager, Mr. McCullough served as a
sector Manager at Ranger Investments with his primary research focus on
technology. Between 2013 and 2014, Mr. McCullough served as a Senior Analyst for
Cortex Capital Partners, where he was responsible for covering all major
sectors, and maintained a primary focus on technology.
Voya
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with Voya, dated January 8, 2021, to manage
a portion of each of the Income Fund, the Large Company Growth Portfolio, the
Large Company Value Portfolio, and the International Fund, subject to the
supervision of Wilshire and the Board. Voya is located at 230 Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10169. Voya, a Delaware limited liability company, is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Voya Investment Management LLC (“Voya IM LLC”), a registered
investment adviser, which, in turn, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Voya
Holdings Inc. (“Voya Holdings”). Voya Holdings is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Voya Financial, Inc., a publicly traded company. Voya Financial, Inc. is a
U.S.-based financial institution whose subsidiaries operate in the retirement,
investment, and insurance industries. As of December 31,
2023,
Voya IM LLC managed approximately $318
billion
in assets. Voya’s investment team consists of Raj
Jadav, CFA,
Sean Banai, CFA, and Brian Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, PhD.
Raj
Jadav, CFA, Portfolio Manager, and Portfolio Manager at Voya, joined Voya in
2019. Prior to joining Voya, Mr. Jadav was a senior product specialist at
Allianz Global Investors. Prior to that, Mr. Jadav was a portfolio manager at
AllianceBernstein where he held various positions managing US multi-sector, US
TIPS, stable value, global multi-sector and municipal money market
portfolios.
Sean
Banai, CFA, Portfolio Manager, and head of portfolio management for the
fixed-income platform at Voya, joined Voya in 1999. Previously, Mr. Banai was a
senior portfolio manager and prior to that he served as head of quantitative
research for proprietary fixed income.
Brian
Timberlake, Ph.D., CFA, Portfolio Manager, is currently Head of Fixed Income
Research at Voya. Prior to this position, Mr. Timberlake was Head of
Quantitative Research and prior to that he served as Senior Quantitative
Analyst. Mr. Timberlake joined Voya in 2003.
WCM
Wilshire
entered into a subadvisory agreement with WCM, dated January 8, 2021, to manage
a portion of the International Fund, subject to the supervision of Wilshire and
the Board. WCM was founded in 1976 and its principal address is 281 Brooks
Street, Laguna Beach, California 92651. WCM is registered with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission and provides investment advice to
institutional and high net worth individual clients. WCM had approximately
$82
billion
in assets under management as of December 31,
2023.
WCM’s
portion of the International Fund is team-managed by members of WCM’s Investment
Strategy Group (the “ISG”), which consists of four investment professionals.
Current members of the ISG are Sanjay Ayer, Paul R. Black, Michael B. Trigg, and
Jon Tringale. These managers share portfolio management responsibilities and all
investment purchase and sale decisions are made by the ISG.
Sanjay
Ayer, CFA has served as a Portfolio Manager and Business Analyst for the Advisor
since 2007. He is a member of WCM’s ISG and his primary responsibilities include
portfolio management and equity research.
Paul
R. Black joined WCM in 1989 and has served as CEO of WCM since December 2004. He
is a member of WCM’s ISG and his primary responsibilities include portfolio
management and equity research.
Michael
B. Trigg has served as a President since 2022 and Portfolio Manager for the WCM
since 2006. He is a member of WCM’s ISG and his primary responsibilities include
portfolio management and equity research.
Jon
Tringale joined WCM in 2015 and has served as a Portfolio Manager for WCM since
2022. He is a member of WCM’s ISG and his primary responsibility is portfolio
management for WCM’s global, fundamental growth strategies.
Service
and Distribution Plan
Service
and Distribution Plan. Each
Portfolio has adopted a Service and Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12 b-1 of
the 1940 Act for its Investment Class shares (the “Plan”). The Plan authorizes
payments by the Investment Class Shares annually of up to 0.25% of the average
daily net assets attributable to each Portfolio’s Investment Class Shares to
finance distribution of those shares and services to its shareholders. Payments
may be made under the Plan to securities dealers and other financial
intermediaries who provide services such as answering shareholders’ questions
regarding their accounts, providing shareholders with account statements and
trade confirmations and forwarding prospectuses and shareholder reports.
Distribution expenses covered by the Plan include marketing and advertising
expenses and the costs of printing prospectuses for prospective investors.
Because these fees are paid out of a Portfolio’s assets on an on-going basis,
over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost more
than other types of sales charges.
Shareholder
Services Plan. Each
Portfolio has also adopted a shareholder services plan for both its Investment
Class Shares and Institutional Class Shares for certain non-distribution
shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder
services plan authorizes annual payments of up to 0.20% and 0.15% of the average
daily net assets attributable to the Investment Class Shares and Institutional
Class Shares, respectively.
SHAREHOLDER
INFORMATION
How
To Buy Portfolio Shares
You
may buy shares without a sales charge on any day when the NYSE is open for
business (referred to as a business day). We reserve the right to reject or
limit any purchase order or suspend the offering of a Portfolio’s shares if we
believe it is in a Portfolio’s best interests to do so. The Portfolios do not
issue share certificates.
Minimum
Investments
The
minimum initial investments in a Portfolio are as follows:
•Investment
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment in each Style Portfolio, the International Fund,
and the Income Fund is $2,500 or $1,000 if you are a client of a securities
dealer, bank or other financial institution which has made an aggregate minimum
initial purchase for its customers of at least $2,500. The minimum initial
investment in the Index Fund is $1,000. Subsequent investments for all
Portfolios must be at least $100. The minimum investments do not apply to
certain employee benefit plans.
•Institutional
Class Shares.
The minimum initial investment is $250,000 for all Portfolios. Subsequent
investments must be at least $100,000.
Shares
of the Funds have not been registered for sale outside of the United States. The
Funds generally do not sell shares to investors residing outside the United
States, even if they are United States citizens or lawful permanent residents,
except to investors with United States military APO or FPO
addresses.
We
may set different investment minimums for certain securities dealers, banks, and
other financial institutions that provide omnibus processing for the Portfolios
in fee-based mutual fund programs.
Your
initial investment must be accompanied by an Account Application. You may obtain
an Account Application by calling 1-866-591-1568 or by downloading a copy from
the Portfolio’s website. We may waive or change investment minimum requirements
at any time.
You
may purchase shares through your financial adviser or brokerage account simply
by telling your adviser or broker that you wish to purchase shares of a
Portfolio. Your adviser or broker will then transmit a purchase order and
payment to a Portfolio on your behalf. Your adviser or broker may require a
different minimum investment or impose additional limitations on buying and
selling shares and may charge a service or transaction fee. Institutional Class
Shares may also be available on certain brokerage platforms. An investor
transacting in Institutional Class Shares through a broker acting as an agent
for the investor may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of
compensation to the broker.
You
also may purchase shares directly from us as follows:
1.By
Telephone.
Investors may purchase additional shares of the Portfolio by calling
1-866-591-1568. Unless you declined this option on your account application, and
your account has been open for at least 7 days, telephone orders will be
accepted via electronic funds transfer from your bank account through the
Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. You must have banking information
established on your account prior to making a purchase. If your order is
received prior to 4 p.m. Eastern time, your shares will be purchased at the net
asset value calculated on the day your order is placed.
Telephone
trades must be received by or prior to market close. During periods of high
market activity, shareholders may encounter higher than usual call waits. Please
allow sufficient time to place your telephone transaction.
Before
executing an instruction received by telephone, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(the “Transfer Agent”) will use reasonable procedures to confirm that the
telephone instructions are genuine. The telephone call may be recorded, and the
caller may be asked to verify certain personal identification information. If a
Portfolio or its agents follow these procedures, they cannot be held liable for
any loss, expense or cost arising out of any telephone redemption request that
is reasonably believed to be genuine. This includes fraudulent or unauthorized
requests. If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the
Portfolio will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized
person.
2.Checks.
Checks should be made payable to “Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc.” For subsequent
investments, your Portfolio account number should appear on the check. Payments
should be mailed to:
Wilshire
Funds
c/o
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O.
Box 701
Milwaukee,
WI 53201-0701
If
you are mailing via overnight courier:
Wilshire
Funds
c/o
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
615
East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor
Milwaukee,
WI 53202
Include
your investment slip or, when opening a new account, your Account Application,
indicating the name of the Portfolio. All checks must be in U.S. Dollars drawn
on a domestic bank. The Portfolio will not accept payment in cash or money
orders. The Portfolio does not accept post-dated checks or any conditional order
or payment. To prevent check fraud, the Portfolio will not accept third party
checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks
for the purchase of shares. The Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee against a
shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Portfolio, for
any payment that is returned.
The
Portfolios do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery
services to be its agent. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services,
or receipt at U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC post office box, of purchase
orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent
of the Portfolio. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on
when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
3.Wire
Payments.
To purchase by wire, the Transfer Agent must have a completed account
application before your wire is sent. A purchase order will not be accepted
until the Portfolio has received the completed application and any requested
documentation in proper form. Wired funds must be received by 4:00 p.m. Eastern
Time to be eligible for same day pricing. Call the Transfer Agent at
1-866-591-1568 between 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time on any day the New
York Stock Exchange is open for business to advise of your intent to wire. This
will ensure proper credit. Instruct your bank to wire funds to:
U.S.
Bank, N.A.
777
East Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee,
WI 53202
ABA:
075000022
Credit:
U.S.
Bank Global Fund Services
Account
#: 112-952-137
Further
Credit:
(name
of Portfolio to be purchased)
(shareholder
registration)
(shareholder
account number)
The
Portfolios and U.S. Bank, N.A. are not responsible for the consequences of
delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from
incomplete wiring instructions.
4.Automatic
Investment Plan (Investment Class Shares only).
Once your account has been opened you may make additional purchases at regular
intervals through the Automatic Investment Plan. This Plan provides a convenient
method to have monies deducted from your bank account, for investment into the
Portfolio, on a monthly or bi-monthly basis. In order to participate in the
Plan, each purchase must be in the amount of $100 or more, and your financial
institution must be a member of the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. If
your bank rejects your payment, the Portfolio’s Transfer Agent will charge a $25
fee to your account. To begin participating in the Plan, please complete the
Automatic Investment Plan section on the account application or call the
Portfolio’s Transfer Agent at 1-866-591-1568 for instructions. Any request to
change or terminate your Automatic Investment Plan should be submitted to the
Transfer Agent 5 days prior to the effective date.
How
To Sell Portfolio Shares
You
may sell your shares back to a Portfolio (known as redeeming shares) on any
business day for most funds without a redemption fee. If shares of the
International Fund are sold or exchanged within 60 days of their purchase, a
redemption fee of 1.00% of the value of the shares sold or exchanged will be
assessed. The International Fund will employ the “last in, first out” method to
calculate the 60-day holding period. The redemption fee does not apply to (i)
shares purchased through reinvested distributions (dividends and capital gains);
(ii) shares held through 401(k) or other retirement plans; (iii) redemptions and
exchanges by other funds in the Wilshire Funds Complex (iv) redemptions and
exchanges by financial intermediaries for which Wilshire creates portfolio
models that include the International Fund; and (iv) investments through certain
financial intermediaries.
The
redemption fee is retained by the International Fund to help pay transaction and
tax costs that long-term investors may bear when the International Fund incurs
brokerage or other transaction expenses and/or realizes capital gains because of
selling securities to meet investor redemptions. International Fund shareholders
are subject to this 1.00% short-term trading redemption fee whether they are
direct shareholders or invest indirectly through a financial intermediary such
as a broker-dealer, a bank, or an investment adviser. Currently, the
International Fund is limited in its ability to ensure that the redemption fee
is imposed by financial intermediaries on behalf of their customers. For
example, where a financial intermediary is not able to determine if the
redemption fee applies or is not able to impose or collect the fee, or omits to
collect the fee at the time of redemption, the Portfolio will not receive the
redemption fee. Further, if International Fund shares are redeemed by a
financial intermediary at the direction of its customer(s), the International
Fund may not know whether a redemption fee is applicable or the identity of the
customer(s) who should pay the redemption fee. The International Fund reserves
the right to modify or eliminate the redemption fee at any time provided that
shareholders receive notice of any material change to the Portfolio’s redemption
fee policy. Further, the Portfolio or the Adviser may waive the fee at their
discretion if either deems the waiver appropriate under the
circumstances.
Please
note that the Company seeks to prohibit short-term trading, as described under
“Right to Reject Purchase or Exchange Orders” below, and if you redeem newly
purchased shares, the Company reserves the right to reject any further purchase
orders from you. A Portfolio may temporarily stop redeeming its shares when the
NYSE is closed or trading on the NYSE is restricted, when an emergency exists
and the Portfolio cannot sell its shares or accurately determine the value of
its assets, or if the SEC orders the Portfolio to suspend redemptions. We
reserve the right to impose a redemption fee in the future.
You
may redeem your shares in a Portfolio as follows:
(1)By
Telephone.
You may redeem your shares by telephone unless you have declined this option on
your Account Application. Call 1-866-591-1568 with your account number, the
amount of redemption and instructions as to how you wish to receive your funds.
In order to arrange for telephone redemptions after an account has been opened
or to change the bank account or address designated to receive redemption
proceeds, a written request must be sent to the Transfer Agent. The request must
be signed by each shareholder of the account and may require a signature
guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or
other form of signature authentication from a financial institution source.
Further documentation may be requested from corporations, executors,
administrators, trustees and guardians.
•Telephone
Redemption by Check.
We will make checks payable to the name in which the account is registered and
normally will mail the check to you at your address of record on the business
day after the redemption request is received in good order and prior to market
close. Any request for redemption proceeds made within 30 calendar days of
changing your address of record must be in writing with the signature
guaranteed.
•Telephone
Redemption by Wire.
We accept telephone requests for wire redemptions of at least $1,000 per
Portfolio. We will send a wire to either a bank designated on your Account
Application or in a subsequent letter with a guaranteed signature. Your
designated bank must be a member of the Federal Reserve System or a
correspondent bank. We normally wire proceeds on the next business day after we
receive your request. Your bank may charge you a fee.
•Automated
Clearing House (ACH) Redemption.
Redemption proceeds can be sent to your bank account by ACH transfer. You can
elect this option by completing the appropriate section of the Account
Application. There is no minimum per ACH transfer. Proceeds will generally be
sent on the next business day and may take 2 to 3 business days to be credited
to your account.
Shares
held in IRA or other retirement plan accounts may be redeemed by telephone.
Investors will be asked whether or not to withhold taxes from any
distribution.
Once
a telephone transaction has been placed, it cannot be canceled or modified after
the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time).
If
an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Portfolio will
accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized person. Telephone
trades must be received by or prior to market close. During periods of high
market activity, shareholders may encounter higher than usual call waits. Please
allow sufficient time to place your telephone transaction.
(2)By
Mail.
You may also redeem your shares by mailing a request to the address indicated
below. The Portfolio(s) typically send the redemption proceeds on the next
business day (a day when the NYSE is open for normal business) after the
redemption request is received in good order and prior to market close,
regardless of whether the redemption proceeds are sent via check, wire, or
automated clearing house (ACH) transfer. While not expected, payment of
redemption proceeds may take up to seven days. Your letter should state the name
of the Portfolio and the share class, the dollar amount or number of shares you
are redeeming, and your account number. You must sign the letter in exactly the
same way the account is registered and if there is more than one owner of
shares, all owners must sign. Additional documents are required for certain type
of redemptions such as redemptions from corporations, partnerships, or from
accounts with executors, trustees, administrations or guardians.
You
may have a check sent to the address of record, or, if previously established on
your account, you may have proceeds sent by wire or electronic funds transfer
through the ACH network directly to your bank account. Wires are subject to a
$15 fee paid by the investor and your bank may charge a fee to receive wired
funds. You do not incur any charge when proceeds are sent via the ACH network;
however, credit may not be available in your bank account for two to three
days.
In
addition, shareholders who have an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on
their written redemption request whether or not to withhold federal income tax.
Redemption requests failing to indicate an election not to have tax withheld
will generally be subject to 10% federal income tax withholding and any
applicable state withholding.
Regular
Mail Overnight
Delivery
c/o
U.S. Bank Global Fund
Services c/o U.S. Bank Global
Fund Services
P.O.
Box
701 615
East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor
Milwaukee,
WI
53201-0701 Milwaukee,
WI 53202
The
Portfolios do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery
services to be its agent. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services,
or receipt at U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC post office box, of purchase
orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent
of the Portfolio. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on
when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
Signature
Guarantees.
Signature guarantees will generally be accepted from domestic banks, brokers,
dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities
associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from
participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the
Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”). A notary public is not
an acceptable signature guarantor.
A
signature guarantee, from either a Medallion program member or a non-Medallion
program member, is required in the following situations:
•If
ownership is being changed on your account;
•When
redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address or bank account
not on record;
•When
a redemption is received by the Transfer Agent and the account address has
changed within the last 30 calendar days; or
•For
all redemptions in excess of $50,000.
In
addition to the situations described above, each Portfolio and/or the Transfer
Agent reserve the right to require a signature guarantee in other instances
based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.
Non-financial
transactions, including establishing or modifying certain services on an
account, may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a
Signature Validation Program member, or other acceptable form of authentication
from a financial institution source.
The
Portfolios reserve the right to waive any signature requirement at their
discretion.
Involuntary
Redemption.
We may redeem all shares in your account if their value falls below $500 in the
case of Investment Class Shares or $150,000 in the case of Institutional Class
Shares, as a result of redemptions (but not as a result of a decline in their
NAV). We will notify you in writing and give you 45 days to increase the value
of your account to at least $500 in the case of Investment Class Shares and
$150,000 in the case of Institutional Class Shares.
Redemption
Proceeds.
If you purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer through the
ACH network, the Portfolio will not be able to send your redemption proceeds
until the purchase amount has cleared. This may take up to 15 business days.
This delay will not apply if you purchased your shares via wire
payment.
Generally,
all redemptions will be paid in cash. The Portfolios typically expect to satisfy
redemption requests by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents or selling
Portfolio assets. The Portfolios may borrow under a line of credit to meet
redemption requests.
In
addition to paying redemption proceeds in cash, the Portfolio reserves the right
to make redemptions in-kind (by redeeming shares for securities rather than
cash). Redemptions in-kind will be made only under extraordinary circumstances
and if Wilshire and a Portfolio’s subadviser(s) deem it advisable for the
benefit of all shareholders, such as a very large redemption that could affect
Portfolio operations. A redemption in-kind will consist of securities equal in
market value to the Portfolio shares being redeemed, using the same valuation
procedures that the Portfolio uses to compute its NAV. Redemptions in-kind are
subject to federal income tax in the same manner as redemptions paid in
cash.
Under
normal market conditions, redemption in-kind transactions will typically be made
by delivering readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder within
7 days after the Portfolio’s receipt of the redemption order in proper form.
Marketable securities are assets that are regularly traded or where updated
price quotations are available. Certain securities may be valued using estimated
prices from one of the Company’s approved pricing agents.
You
will bear the market risks associated with maintaining or selling the securities
that are redeemed in-kind. In addition, when you sell these securities, you may
pay taxes and brokerage charges associated with the sale.
Telephone
Transactions.
If you authorize telephone transactions, you may be responsible for any
fraudulent telephone transaction in your account if the Company and its service
providers follow reasonable procedures to protect against unauthorized
transactions. All telephone calls are recorded for your protection and you will
be asked for information to verify your identification. You may have difficulty
reaching us by telephone to request a redemption of your shares. In that case
you may mail your redemption request to the address stated above.
Pricing
of Shares
When
you purchase shares of either class of a Portfolio, the price you pay per share
is the NAV of the shares next determined after we receive your purchase request
and payment in good order. Similarly, the price you receive when you redeem your
shares is the NAV of the shares next determined after proper redemption
instructions are received. Applications for purchase of shares and requests for
redemption of shares received after the close of trading on the exchange will be
based upon the net asset value as determined as of the close of trading on the
next day the exchange is open. We calculate the NAV per share of each class of
each Portfolio at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time) on each business day. Portfolio shares are not priced on the days
on which the NYSE is closed for trading. NAV per share of a class of shares of a
Portfolio is calculated by adding the value of the individual securities and
other assets held by the Portfolio, subtracting the liabilities of the Portfolio
attributable to that class, and dividing by the total number of the shares
outstanding of that class of the Portfolio.
A
security listed or traded on a domestic exchange is valued at its last sales
price or closing price if available on the exchange where it is principally
traded. In the absence of a current quotation, the security is valued at the
mean between the last bid and asked prices on the exchange. Securities traded on
the NASDAQ system are valued at the official NASDAQ closing price. If there is
no NASDAQ official closing price available, the most recent bid quotation is
used. Securities traded OTC (other than on NASDAQ) are valued at the last
current sale price. Equity securities primarily traded on a foreign exchange or
market are valued daily at the price, which is an estimate of the fair value
price, as provided by an independent pricing service. Debt securities that have
a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at prices supplied by the
Company’s pricing agent, if available, and otherwise are valued at amortized
cost if the Adviser, the Company’s Valuation Designee, concludes it approximates
fair value. When market quotations are not readily available, securities are
valued according to procedures approved by the Board or are valued at fair value
as determined in good faith by the Adviser. Securities whose values are
considered unreliable because a significant valuation event has occurred may be
valued at fair value by the Adviser. The value of fair valued securities may be
different from the last sale price (or the mean between the last bid and asked
prices), and there is no guarantee that a fair valued security will be sold at
the price at which a Portfolio is carrying the security.
How
to Exchange Portfolio Shares
You
may exchange your shares in a Portfolio for shares in an identically registered
account of the same class of another Portfolio. You also may exchange shares of
one class for shares in an identically registered account of another class of
the same Portfolio, provided you meet the eligibility requirements (including
minimum investment amounts) for purchase. Shares will be exchanged at their NAV
next determined after the exchange request is received. Note that exchanges from
one Portfolio to another Portfolio are taxable transactions for federal income
tax purposes while exchanges from one class to another class of the same
Portfolio are generally not taxable transactions. The Company currently offers
in other prospectuses other classes of shares of the Index Fund, which are
subject to the same management fees and other expenses but may be subject to
different distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees.
You
may exchange shares through your financial adviser or broker or directly through
the Company as follows:
(1) By
Mail. You may make an exchange by writing to Wilshire Funds, c/o U.S. Bank
Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701. Your letter
should state the name of the Portfolio and share class you are exchanging, the
number of shares you are exchanging and the name of the Portfolio and share
class you are acquiring, as well as your name, account number
and
taxpayer identification or social security number. The signature of all owners
exactly as registered on the account must be included on written
requests.
(2) By
Telephone. Call us at 1-866-591-1568 and provide the information stated above
under “By Mail”. You may exchange share by telephone, unless you have declined
this option on your Account Application.
•We
reserve the right to reject any exchange request in whole or in
part.
•We
may modify or terminate the availability of exchanges at any time with notice to
shareholders.
You
should read the prospectus of a Portfolio whose shares you are
acquiring.
Anti-Money
Laundering Program
The
Company is required to comply with various federal anti-money laundering laws
and regulations. Consequently, the Company may be required to hold the account
of an investor if the investor appears to be involved in suspicious activity or
if certain account information matches information on government lists of known
terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Company may be required to
transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a government agency. In
compliance with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, please note that the Transfer Agent
will verify certain information on your Account Application as part of the
Portfolio’s Anti-Money Laundering Program. As requested on the Application, you
must supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent
street address. If you are opening the account in the name of a legal entity
(e.g.,
partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you
must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. Mailing addresses
containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Please contact the Transfer
Agent at 1-866-591-1568 if you need additional assistance when completing your
Application.
If
we do not have a reasonable belief of the identity of a customer, the account
will be rejected or the customer will not be allowed to perform a transaction on
the account until such information is received. In the rare event that the
Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity, a Portfolio reserves the right
to redeem your account at the current day’s net asset value. The Company
reserves the right to place limits on transactions in any account until the
identity of the investor is verified; to refuse an investment in a Portfolio or
involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares and close an account in the event that
an investor’s identity is not verified; or suspend the payment of withdrawal
proceeds if it is deemed necessary to comply with anti-money laundering
regulations. The Company and its agents will not be responsible for any loss
resulting from the investor’s delay in providing all required identifying
information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when
an investor’s identity cannot be verified.
Right
to Reject Purchase or Exchange Orders
You
should make purchases and exchanges for investment purposes only. Short-term or
other excessive trading into and out of the Portfolios may harm performance by
disrupting portfolio management strategies and by increasing expenses.
Accordingly, the Board has adopted a policy pursuant to which the Company
attempts to prohibit market timing. The Company does not accommodate market
timing and reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior
notice, any purchase or exchange order, including transactions representing
excessive trading. In general, the Company considers redemptions of shares
within five days of purchase to be excessive, and it may limit exchange activity
to four exchanges within one calendar year period. Exceptions to this limitation
may be made for certain redemptions that do not indicate market timing
strategies, such as portfolio rebalancing programs of institutional investors
and systematic withdrawal programs, subject to approval by the Company’s Chief
Compliance Officer. To the extent practicable, such restrictions are applicable
to omnibus accounts, as well as accounts held by shareholders directly with the
Company. Wilshire contractually requires that financial intermediaries which
hold omnibus accounts in the Portfolios provide best efforts in assisting
Wilshire in determining whether any market timing activity is occurring and
allowing Wilshire to reject trades from any individuals engaging in what it
deems to be excessive trading. If the Company rejects or cancels an exchange
request, neither the redemption nor the purchase side of the exchange will be
processed.
Shareholders
seeking to engage in excessive trading practices may use a variety of strategies
to avoid detection and, despite the efforts of the Company to prevent excessive
trading, there is no guarantee that the Company or its agents will be able to
identify such shareholders or curtail their trading practices. The ability of
the Company and its agents to detect and curtail excessive trading practices may
also be limited by operational systems and technological limitations. In
addition, the Portfolios receive purchase, exchange and redemption orders
through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or reasonably detect
excessive trading which may be facilitated by these intermediaries or by the use
of omnibus account arrangements.
Householding
Policy
In
order to reduce printing and mailing expenses, only one copy of each prospectus
(or, if applicable, each notice of electronic accessibility thereof) will be
sent to all related accounts at a common address. Shareholders may revoke their
consent to householding at any time by calling 1-866-591-1568. Within 30 days of
receipt of a shareholder’s revocation, the Company will begin mailing individual
copies of the prospectus to the shareholder’s attention.
Lost
Shareholders, Inactive Accounts and Unclaimed Property
It
is important that the Portfolios maintain a correct address for each investor.
An incorrect address may cause an investor’s account statements and other
mailings to be returned to the Portfolios. Based upon statutory requirements for
returned mail, the Portfolios will attempt to locate the investor or rightful
owner of the account. If the Portfolios are unable to locate the investor, then
they will determine whether the investor’s account can legally be considered
abandoned. Mutual fund accounts may be transferred to the state government of an
investor’s state of residence if no activity occurs within the account during
the “inactivity period” specified in the applicable state’s abandoned property
laws, which varies by state. The Portfolios are legally obligated to escheat (or
transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property
administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The investor’s last
known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction. Please
proactively contact the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-866-591-1568 at least
annually to ensure your account remains in active status. Investors who are
residents of the state of Texas may designate a representative to receive
legislatively required unclaimed property due diligence notifications. Please
contact the Portfolio to complete a Texas Designation of Representative
form.
DIVIDEND
AND DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION
Each
Portfolio, except the Income Portfolio, intends to pay any dividends and capital
gains distributions at least once a year. The Income Fund intends to declare any
dividends and distribute its net investment income on a quarterly basis and any
capital gains annually. You may have dividends or capital gains distributions of
a Portfolio automatically reinvested at NAV in additional shares of the
Portfolio, or you may elect to receive them in cash. The election will be made
at the time you complete your Account Application. You may change this election
by notifying us in writing or by calling at least five days prior to the record
date for a particular dividend or distribution. If you elect to receive
distributions and/or capital gains paid in cash, and the U.S. Postal Service
cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months, the
Portfolio reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account,
at the Portfolio’s current net asset value, and to reinvest all subsequent
distributions. There are no sales or other charges for the reinvestment of
dividends and capital gains distributions. There is no fixed dividend rate, and
there can be no assurance that a Portfolio will pay any dividends or realize any
capital gains. Dividends and distributions may differ for different classes of a
Portfolio.
The
value of your shares will be reduced by the amount of any dividends and
distributions. If you purchase shares shortly before the record date for a
dividend or distribution of capital gains, you will pay the full price for the
shares and receive some portion of the price back as a taxable dividend or
distribution.
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX INFORMATION
A
Portfolio’s distributions will consist of net investment income and capital
gains, which are generally taxable to you in
the year when they are received. Dividends
out of net investment income, other than “qualified dividend income,” and
distributions of
recognized
net short-term capital gains (i.e.,
net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses) are
taxable to you as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Distributions
of qualified dividend income (i.e.,
generally dividends received by a Portfolio from domestic corporations and
certain foreign corporations) will generally be taxed to individuals and other
noncorporate shareholders at federal income tax rates applicable to long-term
capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met at
both the Portfolio and shareholder levels. Distributions of net capital gains
(i.e.,
the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses)
are taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates, regardless of how long you
have held your shares of a Portfolio.
A
Portfolio’s distributions will be subject to federal income tax whether you
receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of a Portfolio. Any
distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of
record as of a date in one of those months and paid during the following January
are treated for federal income tax purposes as if received on December 31 of the
calendar year declared. Each Portfolio will notify its shareholders each year of
the amount and type of dividends and distributions it paid.
When
you redeem or exchange shares of a Portfolio, it generally is considered a
taxable event for federal income tax purposes. Any gain or loss you realize upon
a redemption or exchange of shares of a Portfolio will generally be treated as
long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one
year and, if not held for such period, as short-term capital gain or loss.
Short-term capital gains are taxable at ordinary federal income tax rates.
Long-term capital gains are taxable to individuals and other noncorporate
shareholders at a maximum federal income tax rate of 20%. Your ability to
utilize capital losses for federal income tax purposes is subject to various
limitations.
An
additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income
(including dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Portfolio
and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of shares of a
Portfolio) of U.S. individuals, estates and trust to the extent that such
person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or
“adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold
amount.
When
you open an account, Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) regulations require that
you provide your taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), certify that it is
correct, and certify that you are not subject to backup withholding under IRS
regulations. If you fail to provide your TIN or the proper tax certifications,
each Portfolio is required to withhold 24% of all the distributions (including
dividends and capital gain distributions) and redemption proceeds paid to you.
Each Portfolio is also required to begin backup withholding on your account if
the IRS instructs it to do so. Amounts withheld may be applied to your federal
income tax liability and you may obtain a refund from the IRS if withholding
results in an overpayment of federal income tax for such year. Foreign
shareholders are subject to different withholding requirements.
This
summary of federal income tax consequences is intended for general information
only. You should consult a tax adviser concerning the federal, state, local and
foreign tax consequences of your investment in a Portfolio in light of your
particular circumstances.
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
The
following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the
financial performance of each Portfolio’s shares for the past five fiscal years
or since the Portfolio’s inception. Certain information reflects the financial
performance of a single share of a Portfolio. The total returns in each table
represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment
in a Portfolio (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This
information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Portfolios’
independent registered public accounting firm whose report, along with each
Portfolio’s financial statements and related notes, is included in the
Portfolios’ Annual
Report,
which is available on request.
Large
Company Growth Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
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Investment
Class Shares |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended
12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
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Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$25.32 |
| $44.34 |
| $44.34 |
| $38.88 |
| $33.33 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment loss (a) |
0.01 |
|
| (0.05) |
|
| (0.27) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (0.15) |
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments |
10.07 |
|
| (13.71) |
|
| 10.33 |
|
| 15.00 |
|
| 9.61 |
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
10.08 |
|
| (13.76) |
|
| 10.06 |
|
| 14.81 |
|
| 9.46 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.03) |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
|
| (5.26) |
|
| (10.06) |
|
| (9.35) |
|
| (3.91) |
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.03) |
|
| (5.26) |
|
| (10.06) |
|
| (9.35) |
|
| (3.91) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$35.37 |
| $25.32 |
| $44.34 |
| $44.34 |
| $38.88 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
39.81% |
| (31.74%) |
| 23.03 |
% |
| 38.82 |
% |
| 28.61 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$63,069 |
|
| $51,110 |
|
| $86,217 |
|
| $77,659 |
|
| $64,470 |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(c) |
1.30 |
% |
(d) |
1.30 |
% |
(d) |
1.30 |
% |
(d) |
1.30 |
% |
(d) |
1.30 |
% |
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(c)(e) |
1.33 |
% |
| 1.31 |
% |
| 1.30 |
% |
| 1.31 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
|
| |
Net
investment income(loss)(f) |
0.03 |
% |
| (0.15 |
%) |
| (0.55 |
%) |
| (0.43 |
%) |
| (0.37 |
%) |
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
66 |
% |
| 75 |
% |
| 85 |
% |
| 84 |
% |
| 43 |
% |
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(c)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investments advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Adviser. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.30%, 1.30% and 1.30% for the years ended
December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.33%, 1.31%, 1.30%, 1.31%, and 1.32% for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(f)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Large
Company Growth Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Institutional
Class Shares |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended
12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$30.43 |
| $51.72 |
| $50.18 |
| $42.99 |
$36.41 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (loss) (a) |
0.12 |
|
| 0.07 |
|
| (0.12) |
|
| (0.06) |
| (0.03) |
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments(b) |
12.13 |
|
| (16.06) |
|
| 11.72 |
|
| 16.65 |
| 10.52 |
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
12.25 |
|
| (15.99) |
|
| 11.60 |
|
| 16.59 |
| 10.49 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.13) |
|
| (0.04) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.05) |
| — |
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
|
| (5.26) |
|
| (10.06) |
|
| (9.35) |
| (3.91) |
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.13) |
|
| (5.30) |
|
| (10.06) |
|
| (9.40) |
| (3.91) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$42.55 |
| $30.43 |
| $51.72 |
| $50.18 |
$42.99 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (c) |
40.24 |
% |
| (31.53 |
%) |
| 23.42 |
% |
| 39.25 |
% |
29.02 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$166,663 |
| $147,922 |
| $208,370 |
|
| $184,704 |
| $146,459 |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.00 |
% |
(g) |
1.00 |
% |
(g) |
0.97 |
% |
(g) |
0.98 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d)(e) |
1.01 |
% |
| 1.00 |
% |
| 0.97 |
% |
| 0.98 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
|
| |
Net
investment income (loss)(f) |
0.33 |
% |
| 0.17 |
% |
| (0.22 |
%) |
| (0.12 |
%) |
(0.07 |
%) |
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
66 |
% |
| 75 |
% |
| 85 |
% |
| 84 |
% |
43 |
% |
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Realized
and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts
necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period,
and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of
Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.01%, 1.00%, 0.97%, 0.98%, and 1.00%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(f)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
(g)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investments advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Adviser. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.00%, 1.00% and 0.97% for the years ended December 31,
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Large
Company Value Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment
Class Shares |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$17.84 |
| $22.29 |
| $19.75 |
| $20.11 |
| $17.22 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.20 |
|
| 0.12 |
|
| 0.05 |
|
| 0.22 |
|
| 0.31 |
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
2.64 |
|
| (2.62) |
|
| 4.99 |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| 3.74 |
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
2.84 |
|
| (2.50) |
|
| 5.04 |
|
| (0.17) |
|
| 4.05 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.12) |
|
| (0.21) |
|
| (0.28) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.32) |
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.44) |
|
| (1.74) |
|
| (2.22) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (0.84) |
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.56) |
|
| (1.95) |
|
| (2.50) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (1.16) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$20.12 |
| $17.84 |
| $22.29 |
| $19.75 |
| $20.11 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
15.96 |
% |
| (11.46 |
%) |
| 25.82 |
% |
| (0.81 |
%) |
| 23.63 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$3,683 |
| $4,029 |
| $6,068 |
|
| $5,509 |
|
| $6,070 |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly
(c) |
1.30 |
% |
| 1.29 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
| 1.26 |
% |
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly (c)(d) |
1.32 |
% |
| 1.29 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
| 1.26 |
% |
|
| |
Net
investment income(e) |
1.07 |
% |
| 0.62 |
% |
| 0.24 |
% |
| 1.32 |
% |
| 1.61 |
% |
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
50 |
% |
| 38 |
% |
| 87 |
% |
| 77 |
% |
| 48 |
% |
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(c)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
excluded, the ratio would have been 1.32%, 1.29%, 1.32%, 1.32%, and 1.26% for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(e)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Large
Company Value Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Institutional
Class Shares |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$17.66 |
| $22.29 |
| $19.56 |
| $19.86 |
| $17.01 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.26 |
|
| 0.18 |
|
| 0.13 |
|
| 0.28 |
|
| 0.36 |
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
2.60 |
|
| (2.80) |
|
| 5.14 |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| 3.71 |
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
2.86 |
|
| (2.62) |
|
| 5.27 |
|
| (0.11) |
|
| 4.07 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.17) |
|
| (0.27) |
|
| (0.32) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.38) |
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.44) |
|
| (1.74) |
|
| (2.22) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (0.84) |
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.61) |
|
| (2.01) |
|
| (2.54) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (1.22) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$19.91 |
| $17.66 |
| $22.29 |
| $19.56 |
| $19.86 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
16.27 |
% |
| (11.97 |
%) |
| 27.26 |
% |
| (0.52 |
%) |
| 23.99 |
% |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$161,269 |
| $165,710 |
| $223,288 |
| $187,545 |
| $186,069 |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly (c) |
1.00 |
% |
| 1.00 |
% |
| 0.99 |
% |
| 0.99 |
% |
| 0.98 |
% |
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly (c)(d) |
1.05 |
% |
| 1.02 |
% |
| 0.99 |
% |
| 0.99 |
% |
| 0.98 |
% |
|
| |
Net
investment income(e) |
1.38 |
% |
| 0.92 |
% |
| 0.57 |
% |
| 1.65 |
% |
| 1.88 |
% |
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
50 |
% |
| 38 |
% |
| 87 |
% |
| 77 |
% |
| 48 |
% |
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(c)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
excluded, the ratio would have been 1.05%, 1.02%, 0.99%, 0.99%, and 0.98%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(e)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Small
Company Growth Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment
Class Shares |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$13.79 |
| $25.11 |
| $30.94 |
| $27.09 |
| $21.71 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment loss (a) |
(0.10) |
|
| (0.14) |
|
| (0.29) |
|
| (0.24) |
|
| (0.17) |
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments |
2.57 |
|
| (7.65) |
|
| 4.07 |
|
| 7.84 |
|
| 6.07 |
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
2.47 |
|
| (7.79) |
|
| 3.78 |
|
| 7.60 |
|
| 5.90 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
|
| (3.53) |
|
| (9.61) |
| (3.75) |
| (0.52) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$16.26 |
| $13.79 |
| $25.11 |
| $30.94 |
| $27.09 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
17.91 |
% |
| (31.59 |
%) |
| 13.07 |
% |
| 28.98 |
% |
| 27.23 |
% |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$6,004 |
| $5,938 |
| $10,817 |
| $11,128 |
| $9,823 |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly |
1.35 |
% |
(c) |
1.34 |
% |
(e) |
1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
(c) |
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.67 |
% |
| 1.87 |
% |
| 1.63 |
% |
| 1.63 |
% |
| 1.54 |
% |
|
|
| |
Net
investment loss |
(0.70 |
%) |
| (0.74 |
%) |
| (0.88 |
%) |
| (0.91 |
%) |
| (0.67 |
%) |
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
81 |
% |
| 57 |
% |
| 65 |
% |
| 50 |
% |
| 67 |
% |
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(c)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investment advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Advisor. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.35% and 1.21% for the year ended December 31, 2019 and
2023 respectively.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.67%, 1.87%, 1.63%, 1.63%, and 1.54%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
excluded, the ratio would have been 1.35% for the year ended December 31,
2022.
Small
Company Growth Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Institutional
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$16.58 |
| $29.12 |
| $34.40 |
| $29.70 |
| $23.70 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment loss (a) |
(0.08) |
|
| (0.11) |
|
| (0.24) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
| (0.12) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments |
3.10 |
|
| (8.90) |
|
| 4.57 |
|
| 8.64 |
|
| 6.64 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
3.02 |
|
| (9.01) |
|
| 4.33 |
|
| 8.45 |
|
| 6.52 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
| (3.53) |
| (9.61) |
| (3.75) |
| (0.52) |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$19.60 |
| $16.58 |
| $29.12 |
| $34.40 |
| $29.70 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
18.21 |
% |
| (31.42 |
%) |
| 13.36 |
% |
| 29.30 |
% |
| 27.56 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$19,672 |
| $16,545 |
| $28,146 |
| $36,932 |
| $53,301 |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly |
1.10 |
% |
| 1.09 |
% |
(e) |
1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
(c) |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.64 |
% |
| 1.67 |
% |
| 1.38 |
% |
| 1.36 |
% |
| 1.27 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment loss |
(0.44 |
%) |
| (0.48 |
%) |
| (0.64 |
%) |
| (0.66 |
%) |
| (0.43 |
%) |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
81 |
% |
| 57 |
% |
| 65 |
% |
| 50 |
% |
| 67 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(c)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investment advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Advisor. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.10% for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.64%, 1.67%, 1.38%, 1.36%, and 1.27%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
excluded, the ratio would have been 1.10% for the year ended December 31,
2022.
Small
Company Value Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$22.69 |
| $28.06 |
| $21.45 |
| $21.85 |
| $18.13 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (loss) (a) |
0.22 |
|
| 0.17 |
|
| 0.07 |
|
| 0.06 |
|
| 0.14 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments(b) |
3.66 |
|
| (3.01) |
|
| 6.80 |
|
| 0.03 |
|
| 3.72 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
3.88 |
|
| (2.84) |
|
| 6.87 |
|
| 0.09 |
|
| 3.86 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.04) |
|
| (0.18) |
|
| (0.24) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.14) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.96) |
|
| (2.35) |
|
| (0.02) |
|
| (0.49) |
|
| — |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(1.00) |
|
| (2.53) |
|
| (0.26) |
|
| (0.49) |
|
| (0.14) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$25.57 |
| $22.69 |
| $28.06 |
| $21.45 |
| $21.85 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (c) |
17.29 |
% |
| (10.33 |
%) |
| 32.04 |
% |
| 0.47 |
% |
| 21.32 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$5,517 |
|
| $5,189 |
|
| $6,751 |
|
| $5,186 |
|
| $5,355 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly |
1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
| 1.35 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly (d) |
1.97 |
% |
| 1.89 |
% |
| 1.75 |
% |
| 1.84 |
% |
| 1.56 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income |
0.93 |
% |
| 0.66 |
% |
| 0.28 |
% |
| 0.36 |
% |
| 0.69 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
65 |
% |
| 52 |
% |
| 45 |
% |
| 54 |
% |
| 168 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Realized
and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts
necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period,
and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of
Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.97%, 1.89%, 1.75%, 1.84%, and 1.56%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
Small
Company Value Portfolio
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Institutional
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$23.32 |
| $28.78 |
| $21.99 |
| $22.33 |
| $18.53 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.29 |
|
| 0.23 |
|
| 0.13 |
|
| 0.11 |
|
| 0.19 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments(b) |
3.78 |
|
| (3.09) |
|
| 7.00 |
|
| 0.04 |
|
| 3.81 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
4.07 |
|
| (2.86) |
|
| 7.13 |
|
| 0.15 |
|
| 4.00 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.10) |
|
| (0.25) |
|
| (0.32) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.20) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.96) |
|
| (2.35) |
|
| (0.02) |
|
| (0.49) |
|
| — |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(1.06) |
|
| (2.60) |
|
| (0.34) |
|
| (0.49) |
|
| (0.20) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$26.33 |
| $23.32 |
| $28.78 |
| $21.99 |
| $22.33 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (c) |
17.62 |
% |
| (10.13 |
%) |
| 32.40 |
% |
| 0.73 |
% |
| 21.60 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$20,646 |
|
| $19,273 |
|
| $30,347 |
|
| $34,796 |
|
| $55,078 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly |
1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
| 1.10 |
% |
(d) |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(e) |
1.72 |
% |
| 1.60 |
% |
| 1.46 |
% |
| 1.52 |
% |
| 1.28 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income |
1.19 |
% |
| 0.86 |
% |
| 0.49 |
% |
| 0.59 |
% |
| 0.92 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
65 |
% |
| 52 |
% |
| 45 |
% |
| 54 |
% |
| 168 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Realized
and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts
necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period,
and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of
Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investment advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Adviser. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.10% for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.72%, 1.60%, 1.46%, 1.51%, and 1.27%, for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively.
Wilshire
5000 IndexSM
Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Investment
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$22.68 |
| $29.40 |
| $25.14 |
| $22.93 |
| $18.58 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.27 |
|
| 0.25 |
|
| 0.23 |
|
| 0.26 |
|
| 0.31 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
5.37 |
|
| (5.80) |
|
| 6.16 |
|
| 4.25 |
|
| 5.20 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
5.64 |
|
| (5.55) |
|
| 6.39 |
|
| 4.51 |
|
| 5.51 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.28) |
|
| (0.25) |
|
| (0.22) |
|
| (0.26) |
|
| (0.30) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.63) |
|
| (0.92) |
|
| (1.91) |
|
| (2.04) |
|
| (0.86) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.91) |
|
| (1.17) |
|
| (2.13) |
|
| (2.30) |
|
| (1.16) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$27.41 |
| $22.68 |
| $29.40 |
| $25.14 |
| $22.93 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (b) |
24.92 |
% |
| (18.98 |
%) |
| 25.59 |
% |
| 19.93 |
% |
| 29.74 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$191,607 |
|
| $157,124 |
|
| $202,121 |
|
| $164,172 |
|
| $162,114 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses |
0.59 |
% |
| 0.57 |
% |
| 0.52 |
% |
| 0.61 |
% |
| 0.62 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income |
1.08 |
% |
| 0.98 |
% |
| 0.81 |
% |
| 1.13 |
% |
| 1.34 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
5 |
% |
| 21 |
% |
| 9 |
% |
| 9 |
% |
| 3 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
Wilshire
5000
IndexSM
Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
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Institutional
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
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| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$22.69 |
| $29.42 |
| $25.15 |
| $22.93 |
| $18.58 |
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| |
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| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
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| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.33 |
|
| 0.30 |
|
| 0.29 |
|
| 0.33 |
|
| 0.37 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
5.38 |
|
| (5.81) |
|
| 6.17 |
|
| 4.26 |
|
| 5.20 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
5.71 |
|
| (5.51) |
|
| 6.46 |
|
| 4.59 |
|
| 5.57 |
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| |
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Less
distributions: |
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| |
From
net investment income |
(0.34) |
|
| (0.30) |
|
| (0.28) |
|
| (0.33) |
|
| (0.36) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.63) |
|
| (0.92) |
|
| (1.91) |
|
| (2.04) |
|
| (0.86) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.97) |
|
| (1.22) |
|
| (2.19) |
|
| (2.37) |
|
| (1.22) |
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| |
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| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$27.43 |
| $22.69 |
| $29.42 |
| $25.15 |
| $22.93 |
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| |
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| |
Total
return (b) |
25.21 |
% |
| (18.83 |
%) |
| 25.85 |
% |
| 20.28 |
% |
| 30.08 |
% |
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| |
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Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
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| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$48,913 |
|
| $42,372 |
|
| $56,073 |
|
| $48,571 |
|
| $40,266 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses |
0.35 |
% |
| 0.35 |
% |
| 0.31 |
% |
| 0.31 |
% |
| 0.33 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income |
1.31 |
% |
| 1.17 |
% |
| 1.02 |
% |
| 1.44 |
% |
| 1.61 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
5 |
% |
| 21 |
% |
| 9 |
% |
| 9 |
% |
| 3 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
Wilshire
International Equity Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
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Investment
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
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| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$9.36 |
| $11.64 |
| $12.38 |
| $11.37 |
| $9.32 |
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| |
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Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
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| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.16 |
|
| 0.13 |
|
| 0.09 |
|
| 0.05 |
|
| 0.12 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
1.44 |
|
| (2.32) |
|
| 1.41 |
|
| 1.81 |
|
| 2.07 |
|
|
|
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| |
Total
from investment operations |
1.60 |
|
| (2.19) |
|
| 1.50 |
|
| 1.86 |
|
| 2.19 |
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| |
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| |
Less
distributions: |
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|
|
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|
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| |
From
net investment income |
(0.26) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| (0.02) |
|
| (0.14) |
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| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.06) |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (1.85) |
|
| (0.83) |
|
| — |
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| |
Total
distributions |
(0.32) |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (2.24) |
|
| (0.85) |
|
| (0.14) |
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Redemption
fees |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
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Net
asset value, end of period |
$10.64 |
| $9.36 |
| $11.64 |
| $12.38 |
| $11.37 |
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| |
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| |
Total
return (c) |
17.12 |
% |
| (18.88 |
%) |
| 12.48 |
% |
| 16.55 |
% |
| 23.52 |
% |
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Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
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Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$776 |
| $1,037 |
| $3,269 |
| $2,438 |
| $2,612 |
|
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| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.50% |
| 1.50% |
| 1.50% |
| 1.50% |
| 1.50% |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.77% |
(e) |
1.75% |
(e) |
1.76% |
(e) |
1.69% |
(e) |
1.63% |
(e) |
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(f) |
1.53% |
| 1.36% |
| 0.65% |
| 0.44% |
| 1.21% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
55% |
| 48% |
| 53% |
| 61% |
| 54% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Amount
rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.77%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.69% and 1.63% for the
years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
(f)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Wilshire
International Equity Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
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|
Institutional
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
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| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$9.25 |
| $11.47 |
| $12.20 |
| $11.19 |
| $9.19 |
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| |
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| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
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|
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| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.18 |
|
| 0.15 |
|
| 0.12 |
|
| 0.08 |
|
| 0.14 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions |
1.43 |
|
| (2.28) |
|
| 1.39 |
|
| 1.78 |
|
| 2.05 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
1.61 |
|
| (2.13) |
|
| 1.51 |
|
| 1.86 |
|
| 2.19 |
|
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| |
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| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.31) |
|
| — |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| (0.02) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
(0.06) |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (1.85) |
|
| (0.83) |
|
| — |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.37) |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (2.24) |
|
| (0.85) |
|
| (0.19) |
|
|
|
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| |
|
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| |
Redemption
fees |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
0.00 |
(b) |
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| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$10.49 |
| $9.25 |
| $11.47 |
| $12.20 |
| $11.19 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
Total
return
(c) |
17.34 |
% |
| (18.63 |
%) |
| 12.78 |
% |
| 16.82 |
% |
| 23.81 |
% |
|
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| |
|
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|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$220,560 |
| $220,963 |
| $295,154 |
| $305,433 |
| $387,493 |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.25% |
| 1.25% |
| 1.25% |
| 1.25% |
| 1.25% |
(e) |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(d) |
1.43% |
(f) |
1.40% |
(f) |
1.38% |
(f) |
1.32% |
(f) |
1.29% |
(f) |
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(g) |
1.76% |
| 1.57% |
| 0.90% |
| 0.71% |
| 1.39% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
55% |
| 48% |
| 53% |
| 61% |
| 54% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Amount
rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(e)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes previous investment advisory fee reductions and expense reimbursements
recouped by the Investment Adviser. If this expense offset was excluded, the
ratio would have been 1.25%.
(f)The
ratio of operating expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements
excludes the effect of fees paid indirectly. If this expense offset was
included, the ratio would have been 1.43%, 1.40%, 1.38%, 1.32% and 1.29% for the
years ending December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
(g)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Wilshire
Income Opportunities Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
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Investment
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$8.66 |
| $10.08 |
| $10.39 |
| $10.42 |
| $9.88 |
|
|
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| |
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|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.36 |
|
| 0.27 |
|
| 0.26 |
|
| 0.33 |
|
| 0.35 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions(b) |
0.18 |
|
| (1.40) |
|
| (0.22) |
|
| 0.03 |
|
| 0.58 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
0.54 |
|
| (1.13) |
|
| 0.04 |
|
| 0.36 |
|
| 0.93 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
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|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.25) |
|
| (0.29) |
|
| (0.26) |
|
| (0.35) |
|
| (0.39) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
|
| — |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (0.04) |
|
| — |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.25) |
|
| (0.29) |
|
| (0.35) |
|
| (0.39) |
|
| (0.39) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$8.95 |
| $8.66 |
| $10.08 |
| $10.39 |
| $10.42 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (c) |
6.34 |
% |
| (11.18 |
%) |
| 0.40 |
% |
| 3.59 |
% |
(d) |
9.58 |
% |
(d) |
|
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| |
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|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$205 |
| $516 |
| $2,136 |
| $1,998 |
| $1,913 |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(e) |
1.15% |
| 1.15% |
| 1.15% |
| 1.15% |
| 1.18% |
(f) |
|
|
| |
Operating
expense before fees reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(e) |
1.41% |
| 1.32% |
| 1.31% |
| 1.29% |
| 1.26% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(g) |
4.12% |
| 2.95% |
| 2.49% |
| 3.24% |
| 3.37% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
66% |
| 78% |
| 109% |
| 104% |
| 89% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Realized
and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts
necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period,
and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of
Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)The
returns reflect the actual performance for each period and do not include the
impact of trades executed on the last business day of the period that were
recorded on the first business day of the next period.
(e)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(f)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the expenses related to foreign currency exchange contracts. Had these
expenses been excluded, the expense ratio (after fee reductions and fees paid
indirectly) would have been 1.15% for the year ended December 31,
2019.
(g)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Wilshire
Income Opportunities Fund
For
a Fund Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period.
|
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| |
|
Institutional
Class Shares |
| Year Ended 12/31/2023 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2022 |
| Year Ended 12/31/2021 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2020 |
|
Year Ended 12/31/2019 |
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
$8.58 |
| $9.99 |
| $10.33 |
| $10.37 |
| $9.83 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Income
(loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (a) |
0.38 |
|
| 0.31 |
|
| 0.28 |
|
| 0.35 |
|
| 0.38 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and foreign currency
transactions(b) |
0.18 |
|
| (1.40) |
|
| (0.22) |
|
| 0.03 |
|
| 0.58 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
from investment operations |
0.56 |
|
| (1.09) |
|
| 0.06 |
|
| 0.38 |
|
| 0.96 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Less
distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
From
net investment income |
(0.30) |
|
| (0.32) |
|
| (0.31) |
|
| (0.38) |
|
| (0.42) |
|
|
|
|
| |
From
realized capital gains |
— |
|
| — |
|
| (0.09) |
|
| (0.04) |
|
| — |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.30) |
|
| (0.32) |
|
| (0.40) |
|
| (0.42) |
|
| (0.42) |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
asset value, end of period |
$8.84 |
| $8.58 |
| $9.99 |
| $10.33 |
| $10.37 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
return (c) |
6.61 |
% |
| (10.91 |
%) |
| 0.63 |
% |
| 3.77 |
% |
(d) |
9.94 |
% |
(d) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios
to average net assets/supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (in 000’s) |
$202,119 |
| $232,704 |
| $301,210 |
| $306,671 |
| $295,437 |
|
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(e) |
0.90% |
| 0.90% |
| 0.90% |
| 0.90% |
| 0.92% |
(f) |
|
|
| |
Operating
expenses before fee reductions and expense reimbursements and fees paid
indirectly(e) |
1.05% |
| 0.96% |
| 0.92% |
| 0.92% |
| 0.92% |
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(g) |
4.43% |
| 3.37% |
| 2.75% |
| 3.48% |
| 3.66% |
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
66% |
| 78% |
| 109% |
| 104% |
| 89% |
|
|
|
| |
(a)The
selected per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding
method for the year.
(b)Realized
and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts
necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period,
and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of
Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(c)Total
return is a measure of the change in value of an investment in the Portfolio
over the period covered. The returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes
a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions, if any, or the redemption of
Portfolio shares.
(d)The
returns reflect the actual performance for each period and do not include the
impact of trades executed on the last business day of the period that were
recorded on the first business day of the next period.
(e)Ratio
does not include expenses from underlying funds.
(f)The
ratio of operating expenses after fee reductions and expense reimbursements
includes the expenses related to foreign currency exchange contracts. Had these
expenses been excluded, the expense ratio (after fee reductions and fees paid
indirectly) would have been 0.89% for the year ended December 31,
2019.
(g)Ratio
does not include net investment income of the investment companies in which the
Portfolio invests.
Shareholder
Reports
The
Portfolios’ semi-annual reports dated June 30 and annual reports dated December
31 contain additional information about each Portfolio’s investments. The annual
report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies
that significantly affected each Portfolio’s investment performance during the
last fiscal year.
The
Company’s shareholder reports are made available on a website, and you will be
notified and provided with a link each time a report is posted to the website.
You may request to receive paper reports from the Company or from your financial
intermediary, free of charge, at any time. You may also request to receive
documents through e-delivery.
Statement
of Additional Information
The
SAI provides more detailed information about each Portfolio and is legally
considered to be part of this prospectus.
How
to Obtain Reports
You
can get free copies of annual and semi-annual reports, SAIs, and other Portfolio
literature on the Portfolios’ website at
https://www.wilshire.com/research-insights/resources-and-forms. You may also
request the annual and semi-annual reports, SAIs, Portfolio literature, and
other information about the Portfolios, and discuss your questions about the
Portfolios, by contacting us at:
Wilshire
Funds
c/o
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O.
Box 701
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53201-0701
or
by calling toll free 1-866-591-1568
Reports
and other information about the Portfolios are also available:
•free
of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s Internet website at
http://www.sec.gov; or
•for
a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address:
[email protected].
(Investment
Company Act File No. 811-07076)