PIMCO Funds
Statement of Additional Information
July 31, 2023 (as supplemented January 5, 2024)
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and should be read in conjunction with the prospectuses of PIMCO Funds (the “Trust”), as described below and as supplemented from time to time.
The Trust is an open-end management investment company (“mutual fund”) currently consisting of 75 separate portfolios (each such portfolio discussed in this Statement of Additional Information is referred to herein as a “Fund” and collectively as the “Funds”). The Trust offers up to nine classes of shares of each of its Funds.
Certain Funds’ Institutional Class, Class M, I-2, I-3, Administrative Class, Class A, Class C, Class C-2 and Class R shares, as applicable, are offered through the Asset Allocation Funds Prospectus, Bond Funds Prospectus, Credit Bond Funds Prospectus, Equity-Related Strategy Funds Prospectus, International Bond Funds Prospectus, Municipal Value Funds Prospectus, Quantitative Strategies Prospectus, Real Return Strategy Funds Prospectus, Short Duration Strategy Funds Prospectus and Tax-Efficient Strategy Funds Prospectus, each dated July 31, 2023, each as supplemented from time to time (each a “Prospectus,” collectively, the “Prospectuses”). A copy of the Prospectuses may be obtained free of charge at the address and telephone number listed below.
 
Inst.
M
I-2
I-3
Admin.
A
C
C-2
R
PIMCO All Asset Fund
PAAIX
PALPX
PAANX
PAALX
PASAX
PASCX
PATRX
PIMCO All Asset All
Authority Fund
PAUIX
PAUPX
PAUNX
PAUAX
PAUCX
PIMCO California
Intermediate Municipal
Bond Fund
PCIMX
PCIPX
PCMBX
PCFCX
PIMCO California
Municipal Bond Fund
PCTIX
PCTPX
PCTTX
PCTGX
PIMCO California
Municipal Intermediate
Value Fund
GCMVX
PIMCO California
Municipal Opportunistic
Value Fund
GCMFX
PIMCO California Short
Duration Municipal
Income Fund
PCDIX
PCDPX
PCDAX
PIMCO Climate Bond
Fund
PCEIX
PCEPX
PCEWX
PCEBX
PCECX
PIMCO
CommoditiesPLUS®
Strategy Fund
PCLIX
PCLPX
PCLNX
PCLAX
PCPCX
PIMCO
CommodityRealReturn
Strategy Fund®
PCRIX
PCRPX
PCRNX
PCRRX
PCRAX
PCRCX
PCSRX
PIMCO Credit
Opportunities Bond
Fund
PCARX
PPCRX
PZCRX
PCCRX
PIMCO Diversified
Income Fund
PDIIX
PDVPX
PDNIX
PDAAX
PDVAX
PDICX

 
Inst.
M
I-2
I-3
Admin.
A
C
C-2
R
PIMCO Dynamic Bond
Fund
PFIUX
PUCPX
PFNUX
PUBAX
PUBCX
PUBRX
PIMCO Emerging
Markets Local Currency
and Bond Fund
PELBX
PELPX
PELNX
PELAX
PELCX
PIMCO Emerging
Markets Bond Fund
PEBIX
PEMPX
PEBNX
PAEMX
PEBCX
PIMCO Emerging
Markets Corporate Bond
Fund
PEMIX
PIMCO Emerging
Markets Currency and
Short-Term Investments
Fund
PLMIX
PLMPX
PLMAX
PIMCO Emerging
Markets Full Spectrum
Bond Fund
PFSIX
PIMCO ESG Income
Fund
PEGIX
PEGPX
PEGQX
PEGAX
PEGBX
PIMCO Extended
Duration Fund
PEDIX
PEDPX
PIMCO Global
Advantage® Strategy
Bond Fund
PSAIX
PGSAX
PIMCO Global Bond
Opportunities Fund
(U.S. Dollar-Hedged)
PGBIX
PGNPX
PGDAX
PAIIX
PCIIX
PIMCO Global Core
Asset Allocation Fund
PGAIX
PGAPX
PGMAX
PGMCX
PIMCO GNMA and
Government Securities
Fund
PDMIX
PPGNX
PANNX
PAGNX
PCGNX
PIMCO Government
Money Market Fund
PGYXX
PGFXX
PGPXX
PGOXX
AMAXX
AMGXX
PIMCO High Yield Fund
PHIYX
PHLPX
PHNNX
PHYAX
PHDAX
PHDCX
PHYRX
PIMCO High Yield
Municipal Bond Fund
PHMIX
PYMPX
PYMNX
PYMAX
PYMCX
PIMCO High Yield
Spectrum Fund
PHSIX
PHSPX
PHFNX
PHSAX
PHSCX
PIMCO Income Fund
PIMIX
PONPX
PIPNX
PIINX
PONAX
PONCX
PONRX
PIMCO Inflation
Response Multi-Asset
Fund
PIRMX
PPRMX
PFRMX
PZRMX
PIMCO International
Bond Fund (Unhedged)
PFUIX
PFUPX
PFUNX
PFUUX
PFUAX
PFRCX
PIMCO International
Bond Fund
(U.S. Dollar-Hedged)
PFORX
PFBPX
PFONX
PFRAX
PFOAX
PFOCX
PFRRX
PIMCO Investment
Grade Credit Bond Fund
PIGIX
PBDPX
PCNNX
PGCAX
PBDAX
PBDCX

 
Inst.
M
I-2
I-3
Admin.
A
C
C-2
R
PIMCO Long Duration
Total Return Fund
PLRIX
PLRPX
PLRAX
PLRCX
PIMCO Long-Term
Credit Bond Fund
PTCIX
PLCPX
PIMCO Long-Term Real
Return Fund
PRAIX
PRTPX
PIMCO Long-Term
U.S. Government Fund
PGOVX
PLTPX
PFGAX
PFGCX
PIMCO Low Duration
Fund
PTLDX
PLDPX
PTLNX
PLDAX
PTLAX
PTLCX
PLCCX
PLDRX
PIMCO Low Duration
Fund II
PLDTX
PDFAX
PIMCO Low Duration
Credit Fund
PSRIX
PSRPX
PSRZX
PSRWX
PIMCO Low Duration
ESG Fund
PLDIX
PLUPX
PIMCO Low Duration
Income Fund
PFIIX
PFTPX
PFNIX
PFIAX
PFNCX
PLDCX
PIMCO Low Duration
Opportunities Fund
PUTIX
PUTPX
ATMAX
ATMCX
PIMCO Moderate
Duration Fund
PMDRX
PMOPX
PIMCO
Mortgage-Backed
Securities Fund
PTRIX
PMRPX
PSANX
PMRAX
PMRCX
PIMCO Mortgage
Opportunities and Bond
Fund
PMZIX
PMZPX
PMZNX
PMZAX
PMZCX
PIMCO Municipal Bond
Fund
PFMIX
PMUPX
PMUNX
PMLAX
PMLCX
PIMCO National
Intermediate Municipal
Bond Fund
PMNIX
PMNPX
PMNTX
PMNNX
PIMCO National
Municipal Intermediate
Value Fund
GNMVX
PIMCO National
Municipal Opportunistic
Value Fund
GNMFX
PIMCO New York
Municipal Bond Fund
PNYIX
PNYPX
PNYNX
PNYAX
PBFCX
PIMCO Preferred and
Capital Securities Fund
PFINX
PFPNX
PFNNX
PFANX
PFCJX
PIMCO RAE
Fundamental Advantage
PLUS Fund
PFATX
PTFAX
PIMCO RAE PLUS
EMG Fund
PEFIX
PEFPX
PEFFX
PEFCX
PIMCO RAE PLUS
Fund
PXTIX
PIXPX
PXTNX
PIXAX
PIXCX

 
Inst.
M
I-2
I-3
Admin.
A
C
C-2
R
PIMCO RAE PLUS
International Fund
PTSIX
PTIPX
PTSOX
PIMCO RAE PLUS
Small Fund
PCFIX
PCCPX
PCFAX
PCFEX
PIMCO RAE Worldwide
Long/Short PLUS Fund
PWLIX
PWLMX
PWLBX
PWLEX
PIMCO Real Return
Fund
PRRIX
PRLPX
PRNPX
PARRX
PRTNX
PRTCX
PRRRX
PIMCO
RealEstateRealReturn
Strategy Fund
PRRSX
PETPX
PNRNX
PETAX
PETCX
PIMCO Short Asset
Investment Fund
PAIDX
PAMSX
PAIPX
PANDX
PAIQX
PAIAX
PIMCO Short Duration
Municipal Income Fund
PSDIX
PSDPX
PSDUX
PSDAX
PSDCX
PCCMX
PIMCO Short-Term
Fund
PTSHX
PTSPX
PTSNX
PSFAX
PSHAX
PFTCX
PTSRX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
Absolute Return Fund
PSPTX
PTOPX
PSPNX
PTOAX
PSOCX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
Fund
PSTKX
PSKPX
PSTNX
PSPAX
PSPCX
PSPRX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
International Fund
(Unhedged)
PSKIX
PPLPX
PSKNX
PPUAX
PPUCX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
International Fund
(U.S. Dollar-hedged)
PISIX
PIUHX
PISNX
PIPAX
PIPCX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
Long Duration Fund
PSLDX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
Short Fund
PSTIX
PSPLX
PSNNX
PSSAX
PSSCX
PIMCO StocksPLUS®
Small Fund
PSCSX
PCKPX
PSNSX
PCKTX
PCKAX
PCKCX
PIMCO Total Return
Fund
PTTRX
PTTPX
PTTNX
PTRAX
PTTAX
PTTCX
PTRRX
PIMCO Total Return
Fund II
PMBIX
PMTPX
PIMCO Total Return
Fund IV
PTUIX
PTUZX
PIMCO Total Return
Fund V
PPEIX
PIMCO Total Return
ESG Fund
PTSAX
PRAPX
PTRSX
PRFAX
PTGAX
PTGCX
PIMCO TRENDS
Managed Futures
Strategy Fund
PQTIX
PQTPX
PQTNX
PQTAX
PQTCX
Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (“PIMCO” or the “Adviser”), 650 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, California 92660, is the investment adviser to the Funds.

Audited financial statements for the Trust as of March 31, 2023, including the notes thereto, and the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP thereon, are incorporated herein by reference from the Trust’s March 31, 2023 Annual Reports, which were filed with the SEC in the initial submission and the companion submission. A copy of the Prospectus, Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report (when available) for each Fund may be obtained free of charge at the telephone number and address listed below or by visiting https://www.pimco.com/en-us/product-finder.
PIMCO Funds
Regulatory Document Request
650 Newport Center Drive
Newport Beach, California 92660
Telephone: 1-888-87PIMCO

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description OF The Trust
The Trust is an open-end management investment company (“mutual fund”) currently consisting of separate investment portfolios, including:
PIMCO All Asset Fund
PIMCO All Asset All Authority Fund
PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO California Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income
Fund
PIMCO Climate Bond Fund
PIMCO CommoditiesPLUS® Strategy Fund
PIMCO CommodityRealReturn Strategy Fund®
PIMCO Credit Opportunities Bond Fund
PIMCO Diversified Income Fund
PIMCO Dynamic Bond Fund
PIMCO Emerging Markets Local Currency and Bond
Fund
PIMCO Emerging Markets Bond Fund
PIMCO Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund
PIMCO Emerging Markets Currency and Short-Term
Investments Fund
PIMCO Emerging Markets Full Spectrum Bond Fund
PIMCO ESG Income Fund
PIMCO Extended Duration Fund
PIMCO Global Advantage® Strategy Bond Fund
PIMCO Global Bond Opportunities Fund
(U.S. Dollar-Hedged)
PIMCO GNMA and Government Securities Fund
PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation Fund
PIMCO Government Money Market Fund
PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value Fund
PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund
PIMCO National Municipal Intermediate Value Fund
PIMCO National Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund
PIMCO High Yield Fund
PIMCO High Yield Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO High Yield Spectrum Fund
PIMCO Income Fund
PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Fund
PIMCO International Bond Fund (Unhedged)
PIMCO International Bond Fund (U.S. Dollar-Hedged)
PIMCO Investment Grade Credit Bond Fund
PIMCO Long Duration Total Return Fund
PIMCO Long-Term Credit Bond Fund
PIMCO Long-Term Real Return Fund
PIMCO Long-Term U.S. Government Fund
PIMCO Low Duration Fund
PIMCO Low Duration Fund II
PIMCO Low Duration Credit Fund
PIMCO Low Duration ESG Fund
PIMCO Low Duration Income Fund
PIMCO Low Duration Opportunities Fund
PIMCO Moderate Duration Fund
PIMCO Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund
PIMCO Mortgage Opportunities and Bond Fund
PIMCO Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO National Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO New York Municipal Bond Fund
PIMCO Preferred and Capital Securities Fund
PIMCO RAE Fundamental Advantage PLUS Fund
PIMCO RAE PLUS EMG Fund
PIMCO RAE PLUS Fund
PIMCO RAE PLUS International Fund
PIMCO RAE PLUS Small Fund
PIMCO RAE Worldwide Long/Short PLUS Fund
PIMCO Real Return Fund
PIMCO RealEstateRealReturn Strategy Fund
PIMCO Short Asset Investment Fund
PIMCO Short Duration Municipal Income Fund
PIMCO Short-Term Fund
PIMCO StocksPLUS® Absolute Return Fund
PIMCO StocksPLUS® Fund
PIMCO StocksPLUS® International Fund (Unhedged)
PIMCO StocksPLUS® International Fund
(U.S. Dollar-Hedged)
PIMCO StocksPLUS® Long Duration Fund
PIMCO StocksPLUS® Short Fund
PIMCO StocksPLUS® Small Fund
PIMCO Total Return Fund
PIMCO Total Return Fund II
PIMCO Total Return Fund IV
PIMCO Total Return Fund V
PIMCO Total Return ESG Fund
PIMCO TRENDS Managed Futures Strategy Fund
As of July 30, 2023, the following Funds are diversified: PIMCO All Asset Fund, PIMCO All Asset All Authority Fund, PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Bond Fund, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO Climate Bond Fund, PIMCO CommodityRealReturn Strategy Fund®, PIMCO Credit Opportunities Bond Fund, PIMCO Diversified Income Fund, PIMCO Dynamic Bond Fund, PIMCO Emerging Markets Bond Fund, PIMCO Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund, PIMCO Emerging Markets Currency and Short-Term Investments Fund, PIMCO Emerging Markets Full Spectrum Bond Fund, PIMCO Extended Duration Fund, PIMCO Global Advantage® Strategy Bond Fund, PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation Fund, PIMCO GNMA and Government Securities Fund, PIMCO Government Money Market Fund, PIMCO High Yield Fund, PIMCO High Yield Municipal Bond Fund, PIMCO High Yield Spectrum Fund, PIMCO Income Fund, PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Fund, PIMCO International Bond Fund (Unhedged), PIMCO Investment Grade Credit Bond Fund, PIMCO Long Duration Total Return Fund, PIMCO Long-Term Credit Bond Fund, PIMCO Long-Term Real Return Fund, PIMCO Long-Term U.S. Government Fund, PIMCO Low Duration Fund, PIMCO Low Duration Fund II, PIMCO Low Duration Credit Fund, PIMCO Low Duration ESG Fund, PIMCO Low Duration Income Fund, PIMCO Low Duration Opportunities Fund, PIMCO Moderate Duration Fund, PIMCO Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund, PIMCO Mortgage Opportunities and Bond Fund, PIMCO Municipal Bond Fund,
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PIMCO National Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, PIMCO Preferred and Capital Securities Fund, PIMCO RAE Fundamental Advantage PLUS Fund, PIMCO RAE PLUS EMG Fund, PIMCO RAE PLUS Fund, PIMCO RAE PLUS International Fund, PIMCO RAE PLUS Small Fund, PIMCO RAE Worldwide Long/Short PLUS Fund, PIMCO Real Return Fund, PIMCO RealEstateRealReturn Strategy Fund, PIMCO Short Asset Investment Fund, PIMCO Short Duration Municipal Income Fund, PIMCO Short-Term Fund, PIMCO StocksPLUS® Absolute Return Fund, PIMCO StocksPLUS® Fund, PIMCO StocksPLUS® International Fund (Unhedged), PIMCO StocksPLUS® International Fund (U.S. Dollar-Hedged), PIMCO StocksPLUS® Long Duration Fund, PIMCO StocksPLUS® Short Fund, PIMCO StocksPLUS® Small Fund, PIMCO Total Return Fund, PIMCO Total Return Fund II, PIMCO Total Return Fund IV, PIMCO Total Return Fund V, PIMCO Total Return ESG Fund and PIMCO TRENDS Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
Investment Objectives And Policies
The investment objectives and general investment policies of each Fund are described in the Prospectuses. Consistent with each Fund’s investment policies, each Fund may invest in “Fixed Income Instruments,” which are defined in the Prospectuses. Additional information concerning the characteristics of certain of the Funds’ investments, strategies and risks is set forth below.
The PIMCO All Asset and PIMCO All Asset All Authority Funds, which are separate Funds, invest substantially all of their assets in other series of the Trust (except the PIMCO Emerging Markets Full Spectrum Bond Fund, PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation Fund, PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund, PIMCO National Municipal Intermediate Value Fund, PIMCO National Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund and each other), as well as in actively managed or smart beta funds (including mutual funds or exchange-traded funds) of PIMCO ETF Trust and PIMCO Equity Series, each an affiliated open-end management investment company. The other Funds in which the PIMCO All Asset and PIMCO All Asset All Authority Funds invest are referred to in this Statement of Additional Information as “Underlying PIMCO Funds.” By investing in Underlying PIMCO Funds, the PIMCO All Asset Fund, PIMCO All Asset All Authority Fund and any other funds of funds managed by PIMCO that invest all or a significant portion of their assets in certain or all of the Underlying PIMCO Funds, as specified in each Fund’s Prospectus (together with the PIMCO All Asset and PIMCO All Asset All Authority Funds, the “PIMCO Funds of Funds”), may have indirect exposure to some or all of the securities and instruments described below depending upon how their assets are allocated among the Underlying PIMCO Funds. Because the PIMCO Funds of Funds invest substantially all or a significant portion of their assets in certain or all of the Underlying PIMCO Funds, investment decisions made with respect to the PIMCO Funds of Funds could, under certain circumstances, negatively impact the Underlying PIMCO Funds, including with respect to the expenses and investment performance of the Underlying PIMCO Funds. Similarly, certain funds managed by investment advisers affiliated with PIMCO (“Affiliated Funds of Funds”) may invest some or all of their assets in the Underlying PIMCO Funds, and investment decisions made with respect to Affiliated Funds of Funds similarly could, under certain circumstances, negatively impact the Underlying PIMCO Funds, including with respect to the expenses and investment performance of the Underlying PIMCO Funds.
The PIMCO Emerging Markets Full Spectrum Bond, PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation and PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Funds may also invest in certain Underlying PIMCO Funds, as specified in each Fund’s Prospectus. However, the PIMCO Emerging Markets Full Spectrum Bond Fund, PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation Fund and PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Fund may also invest in a combination of affiliated and unaffiliated funds, which may or may not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), Fixed Income Instruments, equity securities, forwards and derivatives, to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or exemptive relief therefrom. The PIMCO Credit Opportunities Bond, PIMCO Diversified Income, PIMCO ESG Income, PIMCO High Yield, PIMCO Income, PIMCO Low Duration ESG and PIMCO Total Return ESG Funds (each, an “Investing Fund”) anticipate that they may invest in certain Underlying PIMCO Funds, as specified in each Investing Fund's Prospectus.
Please see “Investments in Underlying PIMCO Funds” and “Regulatory Risk” below for more information regarding potential risks related to the Underlying PIMCO Funds as well as certain regulatory changes potentially impacting the PIMCO Funds of Funds’ and Underlying PIMCO Funds’ investment strategies and operations.
The PIMCO CommodityRealReturn Strategy Fund® may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “CRRS Subsidiary”). The CRRS Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment
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objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the CRRS Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and CRRS Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis. By investing in the CRRS Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the CRRS Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the CRRS Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s CRRS Subsidiary.
The PIMCO Global Core Asset Allocation Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Cayman Commodity Fund II Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “GCAA Subsidiary”). The GCAA Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the GCAA Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and GCAA Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis. By investing in the GCAA Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the GCAA Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the GCAA Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s GCAA Subsidiary.
The PIMCO CommoditiesPLUS® Strategy Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Cayman Commodity Fund III Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “CPS Subsidiary”). The CPS Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the CPS Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and CPS Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis. By investing in the CPS Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the CPS Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the CPS Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s CPS Subsidiary.
The PIMCO Inflation Response Multi-Asset Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Cayman Commodity Fund VII, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “IRMA Subsidiary”). The IRMA Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the IRMA Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and IRMA Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis. By investing in the IRMA Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the IRMA Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the IRMA Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s IRMA Subsidiary.
The PIMCO TRENDS Managed Futures Strategy Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Cayman Commodity Fund VIII, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “MF Subsidiary,” together with the CRRS Subsidiary, the GCAA Subsidiary, the CPS Subsidiary and the IRMA Subsidiary, the “Commodities Subsidiaries”). The MF Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the MF Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. The Fund and MF Subsidiary may test for compliance with certain investment restrictions on a consolidated basis, except that, in accordance with
3

current federal securities and tax laws, rules and staff positions, with respect to its investments in certain securities that may involve leverage, the MF Subsidiary will comply with requirements of Rule 18f-4 on an aggregate basis with the Fund. By investing in the MF Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the MF Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the MF Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s MF Subsidiary.
The PIMCO Preferred and Capital Securities Fund may pursue its investment objective by investing in the PIMCO Capital Securities Fund (Cayman) Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “CSF Subsidiary,” together with the Commodities Subsidiaries, the “Subsidiaries”). The CSF Subsidiary is advised by PIMCO, and has the same investment objective and will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the Fund; however, the CSF Subsidiary (unlike the Fund) may invest without limitation in Regulation S securities. The Fund and CSF Subsidiary will test for compliance with investment restrictions on a consolidated basis. By investing in the CSF Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the CSF Subsidiary’s investments. The investments held by the CSF Subsidiary are generally similar to those held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. See below “Investment Objectives and Policies—Investments in the Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries” for a more detailed discussion of the Fund’s CSF Subsidiary.
Effective March 15, 2019, each Predecessor Gurtin Fund, each a series of Forum Funds II and managed by Gurtin Fixed Income Management, LLC (d/b/a Gurtin Municipal Bond Management) (“Gurtin”) (each, a “Predecessor Gurtin Fund”), was reorganized into a corresponding “shell” series of PIMCO Funds consisting of the PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value Fund, PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund, PIMCO National Municipal Intermediate Value Fund and PIMCO National Municipal Opportunistic Value Fund (each, a “PIMCO Municipal Value Fund”). The reorganization provided for (i) the transfer of all of the assets of each Predecessor Gurtin Fund to its corresponding PIMCO Municipal Value Fund in exchange for Institutional Class shares of the PIMCO Municipal Value Fund of equal aggregate net asset value, (ii) the assumption by each PIMCO Municipal Value Fund of the known and existing liabilities of its corresponding Predecessor Gurtin Fund, (iii) the distribution by each PIMCO Municipal Value Fund of Institutional Class shares of such PIMCO Municipal Value Fund to its corresponding Predecessor Gurtin Fund, and (iv) the subsequent termination, dissolution and complete liquidation of each Predecessor Gurtin Fund. The investment objective, investment strategies, and principal investment risks of each Predecessor Gurtin Fund and its corresponding PIMCO Municipal Value Fund are substantially similar. The PIMCO Municipal Value Funds succeeded to the accounting and performance histories of the Predecessor Gurtin Funds. Certain historical information provided in this SAI for the PIMCO Municipal Value Funds, therefore, is that of the corresponding Predecessor Gurtin Fund. The PIMCO Municipal Value Funds filed with the IRS an automatic approval request to change fiscal year ends from September 30th to March 31st, which change became effective on March 31, 2019.
U.S. Government Securities
U.S. Government securities are obligations of and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of a Fund’s shares. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”); others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others, such as securities issued by members of the Farm Credit System, are supported only by the credit of the agency, instrumentality or corporation. U.S. Government securities may include zero coupon securities, which do not distribute interest on a current basis and tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities.
Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. GNMA, a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation, is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and
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credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but its participation certificates are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations.
Municipal Bonds
Each Fund (except the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may invest in securities issued by states, territories, possessions, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states, territories, possessions and multi-state agencies or authorities. It is a policy of each of the PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO High Yield Municipal Bond, PIMCO Municipal Bond, PIMCO National Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO New York Municipal Bond, PIMCO Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value, PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value, PIMCO National Municipal Intermediate Value and PIMCO National Municipal Opportunistic Value Funds, (each a “Municipal Fund,” and collectively, the “Municipal Funds”) to have at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes invested in investments, the income of which is exempt from federal income tax (“Municipal Bonds”). In the case of the PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value and PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value Funds, the Funds will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of their net assets plus borrowing for investment purposes in investments, the income of which is exempt from federal income tax and California income tax (“California Municipal Bonds”). In the case of the PIMCO New York Municipal Bond Fund, the Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowing for investment purposes in investments, the income of which is exempt from federal income tax and New York income tax. The ability of a Municipal Fund to invest in securities other than Municipal Bonds is limited by a requirement of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), that at least 50% of the applicable Municipal Fund’s total assets be invested in Municipal Bonds at the end of each quarter of a Municipal Fund’s tax year.
The PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value and PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value Funds may concentrate their investments in California Municipal Bonds and will therefore be exposed to California state-specific risks. Similarly, the PIMCO New York Municipal Bond Fund may concentrate its investments in New York Municipal Bonds and therefore will be exposed to New York state-specific risks. State-specific risks are discussed in the “Description of Principal Risks” section of the Prospectuses and in this “Municipal Bonds” section of this Statement of Additional Information. The PIMCO High Yield Municipal Bond, PIMCO Municipal Bond, PIMCO National Intermediate Municipal Bond and PIMCO Short Duration Municipal Income Funds may, from time to time, invest more than 25% of their total assets in Municipal Bonds of issuers in California and New York. Accordingly, such Funds, to the extent they invest more than 25% in California or New York, will be subject to the applicable state-specific risks discussed in the “Description of Principal Risks” section of the Prospectuses and in this “Municipal Bonds” section of this Statement of Additional Information, but none of these Funds have any present intention to invest more than that amount in a particular state.
Municipal Bonds share the attributes of debt/fixed income securities in general, but are generally issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities. Specifically, California and New York Municipal Bonds generally are issued by or on behalf of the State of California and New York, respectively, and their political subdivisions and financing authorities, and local governments. The Municipal Bonds which the Funds may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to former federal tax law. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuer’s general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source or annual revenues. Tax-exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer’s general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the
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corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds is the responsibility of the corporate user (and/or any guarantor).
Each Fund that may invest in Municipal Bonds, and in particular the Municipal Funds, may invest 25% or more of its total assets in Municipal Bonds that finance similar projects, such as those relating to education, health care, housing, transportation, and utilities, and 25% or more of its total assets in industrial development bonds. A Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects or industrial development bonds.
Each Fund that may invest in Municipal Bonds may invest in pre-refunded Municipal Bonds. Pre-refunded Municipal Bonds are tax-exempt bonds that have been refunded to a call date prior to the final maturity of principal, or, in the case of pre-refunded Municipal Bonds commonly referred to as “escrowed-to-maturity bonds,” to the final maturity of principal, and remain outstanding in the municipal market. The payment of principal and interest of the pre-refunded Municipal Bonds held by a Fund is funded from securities in a designated escrow account that holds U.S. Treasury securities or other obligations of the U.S. Government (including its agencies and instrumentalities (“Agency Securities”)). As the payment of principal and interest is generated from securities held in an escrow account established by the municipality and an independent escrow agent, the pledge of the municipality has been fulfilled and the original pledge of revenue by the municipality is no longer in place. Pre-refunded and/or escrowed to maturity Municipal Bonds may bear an investment grade rating (for example, if re-rated by a rating service or, if not re-rated, determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality) because they are backed by U.S. Treasury securities, Agency Securities or other investment grade securities. For the avoidance of any doubt, PIMCO's determination of an issue's credit rating will generally be used for compliance with a Fund's investment parameters when an issue either loses its rating or is not re-rated upon pre-refunding. The escrow account securities pledged to pay the principal and interest of the pre-refunded Municipal Bond do not guarantee the price movement of the bond before maturity. Issuers of Municipal Bonds refund in advance of maturity the outstanding higher cost debt and issue new, lower cost debt, placing the proceeds of the lower cost issuance into an escrow account to pre-refund the older, higher cost debt. Investments in pre-refunded Municipal Bonds held by a Fund may subject the Fund to interest rate risk, market risk and credit risk. In addition, while a secondary market exists for pre-refunded Municipal Bonds, if a Fund sells pre-refunded Municipal Bonds prior to maturity, the price received may be more or less than the original cost, depending on market conditions at the time of sale. To the extent permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), a Fund’s investment in pre-refunded Municipal Bonds backed by U.S. Treasury and Agency securities in the manner described above, will, for purposes of diversification tests applicable to certain Funds, be considered an investment in the respective U.S. Treasury and Agency securities. Tax legislation in 2017 eliminated the tax exemption for advance refunding of municipal bonds on a go-forward basis.
Under the Internal Revenue Code, certain limited obligation bonds are considered “private activity bonds” and interest paid on such bonds is treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of calculating federal alternative minimum tax liability.
Each Fund (except the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may invest in Build America Bonds. Build America Bonds are tax credit bonds created by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which authorizes state and local governments to issue Build America Bonds as taxable bonds in 2009 and 2010, without volume limitations, to finance any capital expenditures for which such issuers could otherwise issue traditional tax-exempt bonds. State and local governments may receive a direct federal subsidy payment for a portion of their borrowing costs on Build America Bonds equal to 35% of the total coupon interest paid to investors. The state or local government issuer can elect to either take the federal subsidy or pass the 35% tax credit along to bondholders. A Fund’s investments in Build America Bonds will result in taxable income and the Fund may elect to pass through to shareholders the corresponding tax credits. The tax credits can generally be used to offset federal income taxes and the alternative minimum tax, but such credits are generally not refundable. Build America Bonds involve similar risks as Municipal Bonds, including credit and market risk. They are intended to assist state and local governments in financing capital projects at lower borrowing costs and are likely to attract a broader group of investors than tax-exempt Municipal Bonds. For example, taxable funds, including Funds other than the Municipal Funds, may choose to invest in Build America Bonds. Although Build America Bonds were only authorized for issuance during 2009 and 2010, the program may have resulted in reduced issuance of tax-exempt Municipal Bonds during the same period. As a result, Funds that invest in tax-exempt Municipal Bonds, such as the Municipal Funds, may have increased their holdings of Build America Bonds and other investments permitted by the Funds’ respective investment objectives and policies during 2009 and 2010. The Build America Bond program expired on December 31, 2010, at
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which point no further issuance of new Build America Bonds was permitted. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there is no indication that Congress will renew the program to permit issuance of new Build America Bonds.
The Funds may invest in municipal lease obligations. Municipal leases are instruments, or participations in instruments, issued in connection with lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations of municipalities (“municipal lease obligations”). Although municipal lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the issuing municipality, a lease obligation may be backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate funds for and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain municipal lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose in the relevant years. In deciding whether to purchase a lease obligation, the Funds will assess the financial condition of the borrower or obligor, the merits of the project, the level of public support for the project, other credit characteristics of the obligor, and the legislative history of lease financing in the state. Municipal lease obligations may be less readily marketable than other municipal securities.
Projects financed with certificates of participation generally are not subject to state constitutional debt limitations or other statutory requirements that may apply to other municipal securities. Payments by the public entity on the obligation underlying the certificates are derived from available revenue sources. That revenue might be diverted to the funding of other municipal service projects. Payments of interest and/or principal with respect to the certificates are not guaranteed and do not constitute an obligation of a state or any of its political subdivisions.
Municipal leases may also be subject to “abatement risk.” The leases underlying certain municipal lease obligations may state that lease payments are subject to partial or full abatement. That abatement might occur, for example, if material damage to or destruction of the leased property interferes with the lessee’s use of the property. However, in some cases that risk might be reduced by insurance covering the leased property, or by the use of credit enhancements such as letters of credit to back lease payments, or perhaps by the lessee’s maintenance of reserve monies for lease payments. While the obligation might be secured by the lease, it might be difficult to dispose of that property in case of a default.
The Funds may purchase unrated municipal lease obligations if determined by PIMCO to be of comparable quality to rated securities in which the Fund is permitted to invest. A Fund may also acquire illiquid municipal lease obligations, subject to regulatory limitations on investments in illiquid investments generally. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
The Funds may seek to enhance their yield through the purchase of private placements. These securities are sold through private negotiations, usually to institutions or mutual funds, and may have resale restrictions. Their yields are usually higher than comparable public securities to compensate the investor for their limited marketability. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
Some longer-term Municipal Bonds give the investor the right to “put” or sell the security at par (face value) within a specified number of days following the investor’s request - usually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a security’s liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, a Fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility.
The Funds that may invest in Municipal Bonds may invest in municipal warrants, which are essentially call options on Municipal Bonds. In exchange for a premium, municipal warrants give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a Municipal Bond in the future. A Fund may purchase a warrant to lock in forward supply in an environment where the current issuance of bonds is sharply reduced. Like options, warrants may expire worthless and they may have reduced liquidity. A Fund will not invest more than 5% of its net assets in municipal warrants.
The Funds may invest in Municipal Bonds with credit enhancements such as letters of credit, municipal bond insurance and Standby Bond Purchase Agreements (“SBPAs”). Letters of credit are issued by a third party, usually a bank, to enhance liquidity and ensure repayment of principal and any accrued interest if the underlying Municipal Bond should default. Municipal bond insurance, which is usually purchased by the bond issuer from a private,
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nongovernmental insurance company, provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee that the insured bond’s principal and interest will be paid when due. Insurance does not guarantee the price of the bond or the share price of any fund. The credit rating of an insured bond reflects the credit rating of the insurer, based on its claims-paying ability. The obligation of a municipal bond insurance company to pay a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Although defaults on insured Municipal Bonds have been low to date and municipal bond insurers have met their claims, there is no assurance this will continue. A higher-than-expected default rate could strain the insurer’s loss reserves and adversely affect its ability to pay claims to bondholders. A significant portion of insured Municipal Bonds that have been issued and are outstanding are insured by a small number of insurance companies, an event involving one or more of these insurance companies, such as a credit rating downgrade, could have a significant adverse effect on the value of the Municipal Bonds insured by that insurance company and on the Municipal Bond markets as a whole. Downgrades of certain insurance companies have negatively impacted the price of certain insured Municipal Bonds. Given the large number of potential claims against the insurers of Municipal Bonds, there is a risk that they will not be able to meet all future claims. An SBPA is a liquidity facility provided to pay the purchase price of bonds that cannot be re-marketed. The obligation of the liquidity provider (usually a bank) is only to advance funds to purchase tendered bonds that cannot be remarketed and does not cover principal or interest under any other circumstances. The liquidity provider’s obligations under the SBPA are usually subject to numerous conditions, including the continued creditworthiness of the underlying borrower.
Certain Funds may invest in trust certificates issued in tender option bond programs. In a tender option bond transaction (“TOB”), a tender option bond trust (“TOB Trust”) issues floating rate certificates (“TOB Floater”) and residual interest certificates (“TOB Residual”) and utilizes the proceeds of such issuance to purchase a fixed-rate municipal bond (“Fixed Rate Bond”) that either is owned or identified by a Fund. The TOB Floater is generally issued to third party investors (typically a money market fund) and the TOB Residual is generally issued to the Fund that sold or identified the Fixed Rate Bond. The TOB Trust divides the income stream provided by the Fixed Rate Bond to create two securities, the TOB Floater, which is a short-term security, and the TOB Residual, which is a longer-term security. The interest rates payable on the TOB Residual issued to a Fund bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on the TOB Floater. The interest rate on the TOB Floater is reset by a remarketing process typically every 7 to 35 days. After income is paid on the TOB Floater at current rates, the residual income from the Fixed Rate Bond goes to the TOB Residual. Therefore, rising short-term rates result in lower income for the TOB Residual, and vice versa. In the case of a TOB Trust that utilizes the cash received (less transaction expenses) from the issuance of the TOB Floater and TOB Residual to purchase the Fixed Rate Bond from a Fund, the Fund may then invest the cash received in additional securities, generating leverage for the Fund. Other PIMCO-managed accounts may also contribute municipal bonds to a TOB Trust into which a Fund has contributed Fixed Rate Bonds. If multiple PIMCO-managed accounts participate in the same TOB Trust, the economic rights and obligations under the TOB Residual will be shared among the funds ratably in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.
The TOB Residual may be more volatile and less liquid than other municipal bonds of comparable maturity. In most circumstances the TOB Residual holder bears substantially all of the underlying Fixed Rate Bond’s downside investment risk and also benefits from any appreciation in the value of the underlying Fixed Rate Bond. Investments in a TOB Residual typically will involve greater risk than investments in Fixed Rate Bonds.
The TOB Residual held by a Fund provides the Fund with the right to: (1) cause the holders of the TOB Floater to tender their notes at par, and (2) cause the sale of the Fixed-Rate Bond held by the TOB Trust, thereby collapsing the TOB Trust. TOB Trusts are generally supported by a liquidity facility provided by a third party bank or other financial institution (the “Liquidity Provider”) that provides for the purchase of TOB Floaters that cannot be remarketed. The holders of the TOB Floaters have the right to tender their certificates in exchange for payment of par plus accrued interest on a periodic basis (typically weekly) or on the occurrence of certain mandatory tender events. The tendered TOB Floaters are remarketed by a remarketing agent, which is typically an affiliated entity of the Liquidity Provider. If the TOB Floaters cannot be remarketed, the TOB Floaters are purchased by the TOB Trust either from the proceeds of a loan from the Liquidity Provider or from a liquidation of the Fixed Rate Bond.
The TOB Trust may also be collapsed without the consent of a Fund, as the TOB Residual holder, upon the occurrence of certain “tender option termination events” (or “TOTEs”) as defined in the TOB Trust agreements. Such termination events typically include the bankruptcy or default of the municipal bond, a substantial downgrade in credit quality of the municipal bond, or a judgment or ruling that interest on the Fixed Rate Bond is subject to federal income taxation. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, the TOB Trust would generally be liquidated in full with the proceeds typically applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee, remarketing agent and liquidity provider, and
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then to the holders of the TOB Floater up to par plus accrued interest owed on the TOB Floater and a portion of gain share, if any, with the balance paid out to the TOB Residual holder. In the case of a mandatory termination event (“MTE”), after the payment of fees, the TOB Floater holders would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Fund). In contrast, in the case of a TOTE, after payment of fees, the TOB Floater holders and the TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata in proportion to the respective face values of their certificates. If there are insufficient proceeds from the liquidation of the TOB Trust, the party that would bear the losses would depend upon whether a Fund holds a non-recourse TOBs Residual or a recourse TOBs Residual. If a Fund holds a non-recourse TOBs Residual, the Liquidity Provider or holders of the TOBs Floaters would bear the losses on those securities and there would be no recourse to the Fund's assets. If a Fund holds a recourse TOBs Residual, the Fund (and, indirectly, holders of the Fund's shares) would typically bear the losses. In particular, if the Fund holds a recourse TOBs Residual, it will typically have entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Fund would be required to pay to the Liquidity Provider the difference between the purchase price of any TOBs Floaters put to the Liquidity Provider by holders of the TOBs Floaters and the proceeds realized from the remarketing of those TOBs Floaters or the sale of the assets in the TOBs Issuer. A Fund may invest in both non-recourse and recourse TOBs Residuals to leverage its portfolio.
In December 2013, regulators finalized rules implementing Section 619 (the “Volcker Rule”) and Section 941 (the “Risk Retention Rules”) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Both the Volcker Rule and the Risk Retention Rules apply to tender option bond programs and place restrictions on the way certain sponsors may participate in tender option bond programs. Specifically, the Volcker Rule generally prohibits banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading or from acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in, or sponsoring, a hedge fund or private equity fund (“covered fund”), subject to certain exemptions and limitations. Tender option bond programs generally are considered to be covered funds under the Volcker Rule, and, thus, may not be sponsored by a banking entity absent an applicable exemption. The Volcker Rule does not provide for any exemption that would allow banking entities to sponsor tender option bonds in the same manner as they did prior to the Volcker Rule’s compliance date, which was July 21, 2017.
The Risk Retention Rules took effect in December 2016 and require the sponsor to a TOB Trust to retain at least five percent of the credit risk of the underlying assets supporting the TOB Trust’s Municipal Bonds. The Risk Retention Rules may adversely affect the Funds’ ability to engage in TOB Trust transactions or increase the costs of such transactions in certain circumstances.
The Funds have restructured their TOB Trusts in conformity with regulatory guidelines. Under the new TOB Trust structure, the Liquidity Provider or remarketing agent will no longer purchase the tendered TOB Floaters, even in the event of failed remarketing. This may increase the likelihood that a TOB Trust will need to be collapsed and liquidated in order to purchase the tendered TOB Floaters. The TOB Trust may draw upon a loan from the Liquidity Provider to purchase the tendered TOB Floaters. Any loans made by the Liquidity Provider will be secured by the purchased TOB Floaters held by the TOB Trust and will be subject to an increased interest rate based on the number of days the loan is outstanding.
The Funds also may invest in participation interests. Participation interests are various types of securities created by converting fixed rate bonds into short-term, variable rate certificates. These securities have been developed in the secondary market to meet the demand for short-term, tax-exempt securities. The Funds will invest only in such securities deemed tax-exempt by a nationally recognized bond counsel, but there is no guarantee the interest will be exempt because the IRS has not issued a definitive ruling on the matter.
Municipal Bonds are subject to credit and market risk. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate less with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues.
The recent economic downturn and budgetary constraints have made Municipal Bonds more susceptible to downgrade, default and bankruptcy. In addition, difficulties in the Municipal Bond markets could result in increased illiquidity, volatility and credit risk, and a decrease in the number of Municipal Bond investment opportunities. The value of Municipal Bonds may also be affected by uncertainties involving the taxation of Municipal Bonds or the rights of Municipal Bond holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Proposals to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on Municipal Bonds are introduced before Congress from time to time. These legal uncertainties
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could affect the Municipal Bond market generally, certain specific segments of the market, or the relative credit quality of particular securities.
The Funds may purchase and sell portfolio investments to take advantage of changes or anticipated changes in yield relationships, markets or economic conditions. The Funds also may sell Municipal Bonds due to changes in PIMCO’s evaluation of the issuer or cash needs resulting from redemption requests for Fund shares. The secondary market for Municipal Bonds typically has been less liquid than that for taxable debt/fixed income securities, and this may affect a Fund’s ability to sell particular Municipal Bonds at then-current market prices, especially in periods when other investors are attempting to sell the same securities. Additionally, Municipal Bonds rated below investment grade (i.e., high yield Municipal Bonds) may not be as liquid as higher-rated Municipal Bonds. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of a Municipal Bond and on a Fund’s ability to sell a Municipal Bond in response to changes or anticipated changes in economic conditions or to meet the Fund’s cash needs. Reduced liquidity may also make it more difficult to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing a Fund’s portfolio. For more information on high yield securities please see “High Yield Securities (“Junk Bonds”) and Securities of Distressed Companies” below.
Prices and yields on Municipal Bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money-market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the Municipal Bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of Municipal Bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded.
Each Fund that may invest in Municipal Bonds may purchase custodial receipts representing the right to receive either the principal amount or the periodic interest payments or both with respect to specific underlying Municipal Bonds. In a typical custodial receipt arrangement, an issuer or third party owner of Municipal Bonds deposits the bonds with a custodian in exchange for two classes of custodial receipts. The two classes have different characteristics, but, in each case, payments on the two classes are based on payments received on the underlying Municipal Bonds. In no event will the aggregate interest paid with respect to the two classes exceed the interest paid by the underlying Municipal Bond. Custodial receipts are sold in private placements. The value of a custodial receipt may fluctuate more than the value of a Municipal Bond of comparable quality and maturity.
The perceived increased likelihood of default among issuers of Municipal Bonds has resulted in constrained illiquidity, increased price volatility and credit downgrades of issuers of Municipal Bonds. Local and national market forces—such as declines in real estate prices and general business activity—may result in decreasing tax bases, fluctuations in interest rates, and increasing construction costs, all of which could reduce the ability of certain issuers of Municipal Bonds to repay their obligations. Certain issuers of Municipal Bonds have also been unable to obtain additional financing through, or must pay higher interest rates on, new issues, which may reduce revenues available for issuers of Municipal Bonds to pay existing obligations. In addition, events have demonstrated that the lack of disclosure rules in this area can make it difficult for investors to obtain reliable information on the obligations underlying Municipal Bonds. Adverse developments in the Municipal Bond market may negatively affect the value of all or a substantial portion of a fund’s holdings in Municipal Bonds.
Obligations of issuers of Municipal Bonds are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their Municipal Bonds may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may from time to time have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for Municipal Bonds or certain segments thereof, or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of a Fund’s Municipal Bonds in the same manner. In particular, the PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value, PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value and PIMCO New York Municipal Bond Funds are subject to the risks inherent in concentrating investment in a particular state or region.
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From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on certain types of Municipal Bonds. Additionally, certain other proposals have been introduced that would have the effect of taxing a portion of exempt interest and/or reducing the tax benefits of receiving exempt interest. It can be expected that similar proposals may be introduced in the future. As a result of any such future legislation, the availability of such Municipal Bonds for investment by the Funds and the value of such Municipal Bonds held by the Funds may be affected. In addition, it is possible that events occurring after the date of a Municipal Bond’s issuance, or after a Fund’s acquisition of such obligation, may result in a determination that the interest paid on that obligation is taxable, in certain cases retroactively.
The following summarizes information drawn from official statements, and other public documents available relating to issues potentially affecting securities offerings of issuers domiciled in the states of California and New York. Neither the Funds nor PIMCO have independently verified the information, but have no reason to believe that it is substantially different.
California. To the extent a Fund invests in Municipal Bonds issued by California issuers, it may be particularly affected by political, economic, regulatory, social, environmental, or public health developments affecting the ability of California tax exempt issuers to pay interest or repay principal.
Provisions of the California Constitution and State statutes that limit the taxing and spending authority of California governmental entities may impair the ability of California governmental issuers to maintain debt service on their obligations. Future California political and economic developments, constitutional amendments, legislative measures, executive orders, administrative regulations, litigation and voter initiatives as well as environmental events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, or social unrest could have an adverse effect on the debt obligations of California issuers. The information set forth below constitutes only a brief summary of a number of complex factors that may impact issuers of California Municipal Bonds. The information is derived from sources that are generally available to investors, including but not limited to information promulgated by the State’s Department of Finance, the State’s Treasurer’s Office, and the Legislative Analyst’s Office. The information is intended to give a recent historical description and is not intended to indicate future or continuing trends in the financial or other positions of California. Such information has not been independently verified by the Funds, and the Funds assume no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of such information. It should be noted that the financial strength of local California issuers and the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers are not directly related to the financial strength of the State or the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State, and there is no obligation on the part of the State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
Certain debt obligations held by a Fund may be obligations of issuers that rely in whole or in substantial part on California state government revenues for the continuance of their operations and payment of their obligations. Whether and to what extent the California Legislature will continue to appropriate a portion of the State’s General Fund to counties, cities and their various entities, which depend upon State government appropriations, is not entirely certain. To the extent local entities do not receive money from the State government to pay for their operations and services, their ability to pay debt service on obligations held by a Fund may be impaired.
Certain tax exempt securities in which a Fund may invest may be obligations payable solely from the revenues of specific institutions, or may be secured by specific properties, which are subject to provisions of California law that could adversely affect the holders of such obligations. For example, the revenues of California health care institutions may be subject to state laws, and California law limits the remedies of a creditor secured by a mortgage or deed of trust on real property.
California’s economy, the largest state economy in the United States and one of the largest and most diverse in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services, and may be sensitive to economic factors affecting those industries.
California’s fiscal health has improved since the severe recession ended in 2009, which caused large budget deficits. California’s General Fund budget has achieved structural balance for the last several fiscal years. In recent years, the State has paid off billions of dollars of budgetary borrowings, debts and deferrals that were accumulated to balance budgets during the most recent recession and years prior. However, California’s General Fund was adversely impacted by the health-related and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to respond to and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 had a negative impact on the California and national economies. Additionally, California
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faces an operating deficit in fiscal year 2023-24 due to reductions in revenues, and it was recently projected by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, California’s nonpartisan fiscal and policy advisor, that the State will face operating deficits in each fiscal year through 2026-27.
To help address the public health and economic impact of COVID-19, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which provided for approximately $2.2 trillion in disaster relief. Among other things, the CARES Act established the Coronavirus Relief Fund (“CRF”), of which California received approximately $9.5 billion. In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan was signed into law, which provided an additional $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local, territorial, and Tribal governments. California was allocated approximately $27 billion in American Rescue Plan funding. In addition, in February 2021, the Governor signed an economic relief package totaling $7.6 billion into law, which was funded primarily by the State’s General Fund.
A failure by California to meet its debt obligations could lead to a significant decline in the value, liquidity, and marketability of Fund investments. The current economic environment, including prolonged inflation and rising interest rates, also may negatively affect the economy of the State.
California’s economy is one of the largest in the world. The unemployment rate in California grew to a peak of 16.1% in April 2020, but had fallen to 4.5% as of April 2023. The State’s unemployment rate was higher than the national unemployment rate of 3.4% in April 2023.
The budget for fiscal year 2023-2024 (“2023-24 Enacted Budget”) was signed into law on June 27, 2023. The 2023-24 Enacted Budget projects General Fund revenues and transfers to be approximately $208.7 billion (an increase of 1.7% compared with revised estimates for fiscal year 2022-23). Against these revenues and transfers, the 2023-24 Enacted Budget provides for General Fund expenditures of approximately $225.9 billion (a decrease of 3.7% compared with revised estimates for fiscal year 2022-2023). The 2023-24 Enacted Budget sets aside reserves of $37.8 billion. The 2023-24 Enacted Budget includes a package of budgetary solutions to address a significant decline in the State's revenue forecasts, which the State attributes to a declining stock market, persistent inflation, rising interest rates and job losses in high wage sectors. In particular, the budget seeks to close a $31.7 billion budget deficit by shifting $9.3 billion of spending from the general fund to other funds, reducing or pulling back $8.1 billion in spending, delaying $7.9 billion of spending, increasing revenue by an additional $6.1 billion primarily from renewing the Managed Care Organization Provided tax and internal borrowing, and trigger reductions (spending that will be restored depending on future resource levels) of $340 million.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) assign ratings to California’s long-term general obligation bonds, which represent their opinions as to the quality of the Municipal Bonds they rate. As of July 7, 2023, California’s general obligation bonds were assigned ratings of Aa2, AA- and AA by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, respectively. The ratings agencies continue to monitor the State’s budget deliberations closely to determine whether to alter the ratings. It should be recognized that these ratings are not an absolute standard of quality, but rather general indicators. Such ratings reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies, from which an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of such ratings, or either of them, may affect the market price of the State municipal obligations in which a Fund invests.
The State is a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which normally occur in governmental operations and which, if decided against the State, might require the State to make significant future expenditures or impair future revenue sources. Constitutional and statutory amendments as well as budget developments may affect the ability of California issuers to pay interest and principal on their obligations. The overall effect may depend upon whether a particular California tax exempt security is a general or limited obligation bond and on the type of security provided for the bond. It is possible that measures affecting the taxing or spending authority of California or its political subdivisions may be approved or enacted in the future.
Additionally, California is prone to natural disasters and climate events, including earthquakes, wildfires, mudslides, floods and droughts. Such events have, in the past, resulted in significant disruptions to the California economy and required substantial expenditures from the state government. California lies within an active geologic
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region that is subject to major seismic activity, which could result in increased frequency and severity of earthquakes. In the recent past, California has experienced prolonged droughts and wildfire activity. There can be no guarantee that future natural disasters and climate events will not have a significant detrimental effect on the State. The specific timing of natural disasters and climate events, and the severity of their impact on the State, is unpredictable and could be significant. The State is limited in its ability to mitigate the fiscal impact of natural disasters and climate events on the State budget, and there can be no assurance that current or any future measures will be effective.
New York. To the extent a Fund invests in Municipal Bonds issued by New York issuers, it may be particularly affected by political, economic or regulatory developments affecting the ability of New York tax exempt issuers to pay interest or repay principal. Investors should be aware that certain issuers of New York tax exempt securities have at times experienced serious financial difficulties. A reoccurrence of these difficulties may impair the ability of certain New York issuers to maintain debt service on their obligations. The following information provides only a brief summary of the complex factors affecting the financial situation in New York (as used in this section, the “State” or “New York”) and is derived from sources that are generally available to investors, including the New York State Division of the Budget and the New York City Office of Management and Budget. The information is intended to give a recent historical description and is not intended to indicate future or continuing trends in the financial or other positions of New York. Such information has not been independently verified by the Funds, and the Funds assume no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of such information. It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local New York issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by New York City (as used in this section, the “City” or “New York City”) and State agencies, and that there is no obligation on the part of New York State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
Relative to other states, New York has for many years imposed a very high state and local tax burden on residents. The burden of state and local taxation, in combination with the many other causes of regional economic dislocation, has contributed to the decisions of some businesses and individuals to relocate outside of, or not locate within, New York. The economic and financial condition of the State also may be affected by various financial, social, economic, environmental, political, and geopolitical factors as well as natural disasters, epidemics, pandemics, and social unrest. For example, the securities industry is more central to New York’s economy than to the national economy, therefore any significant decline in stock market performance could adversely affect the State’s income and employment levels. Furthermore, such financial, social, economic, environmental, political, and geopolitical factors can be very complex, may vary from year to year and can be the result of actions taken not only by the State and its agencies and instrumentalities, but also by entities, such as the Federal government, that are not under the control of the State.
The fiscal stability of New York is related to the fiscal stability of the State’s municipalities, its agencies and authorities (which generally finance, construct and operate revenue-producing public benefit facilities). This is due in part to the fact that agencies, authorities and local governments in financial trouble often seek State financial assistance. In the event that New York City or any of its agencies or authorities suffers serious financial difficulty, then the ability of the State, New York City, and the State’s political subdivisions, agencies and authorities to obtain financing in the public credit markets, and the market price of outstanding New York tax exempt securities, may be adversely affected.
State actions affecting the level of receipts and disbursements, the relative strength of the State and regional economies and actions of the Federal government may create budget gaps for the State. Moreover, even an ostensibly balanced budget may still contain several financial risks. These risks include the impact of broad economic factors, additional spending needs, revenues that may not materialize and proposals to reduce spending or raise revenues that have been previously rejected by the Legislature. To address a potential imbalance in any given fiscal year, the State would be required to take actions to increase receipts and/or reduce disbursements as it enacts the budget for that year. Under the State Constitution, the Governor is required to propose a balanced budget each year. There can be no assurance, however, that the Legislature will enact such proposals or that the State’s actions will be sufficient to preserve budgetary balance in a given fiscal year or to align recurring receipts and disbursements in future fiscal years. The fiscal stability of the State is related to the fiscal stability of its public authorities. Authorities have various responsibilities, including those that finance, construct and/or operate revenue-producing public facilities. Authorities may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in their respective legislative authorization.
Authorities are generally supported by revenues generated by the projects financed or operated, such as tolls charged for use of highways, bridges or tunnels; charges for electric power, electric and gas utility services; rentals
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charged for housing units and charges for occupancy at medical care facilities. Since the State has no actual or contingent liability for the payment of this type of public authority indebtedness, it is not classified as either State-supported debt or State-related debt. Some authorities, however, receive monies from State appropriations to pay for the operating costs of certain programs. In addition, State legislation authorizes several financing techniques for authorities. Also, there are statutory arrangements providing for State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities, to be made under certain circumstances directly to the authorities, in order to secure the payment of debt service on their revenue bonds and notes. Although the State has no obligation to provide additional assistance to localities whose local assistance payments have been paid to authorities under these arrangements, if local assistance payments are diverted, the affected localities could seek additional State assistance.
Over the near and long term, New York and New York City may face economic problems. New York City accounts for a large portion of the State’s population and personal income, and New York City’s financial health affects the State in numerous ways. New York City continues to require significant financial assistance from the State and depends on State aid to both enable it to balance its budget and to meet its cash requirements. The State could also be affected by the ability of the City to market its securities successfully in the public credit markets.
New York was adversely impacted by the health-related and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to respond to and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 had a negative impact on the New York and national economies and triggered volatility in the markets.
To help address the public health and economic impact of COVID-19, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which provided for approximately $2.2 trillion in disaster relief. Among other things, the CARES Act established the Coronavirus Relief Fund (the “CRF”), of which New York received approximately $5.1 billion. In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan was signed into law, which provided an additional $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local, territorial, and Tribal governments. New York was allocated approximately $12.7 billion in American Rescue Plan funds. The rate and level at which the State and the federal government took on new debt could have a negative impact on their fiscal health, which could lead to prolonged challenges. A failure by New York to meet its debt obligations could lead to a significant decline in the value, liquidity, and marketability of Fund investments. The current economic environment, including prolonged inflation and rising interest rates, also may negatively affect the economy of the State.
The budget for fiscal year 2023-24 (“2023-24 Enacted Budget”) was adopted on May 3, 2023. The 2023-24 Enacted Budget forecasted total revenues of approximately $100.5 billion, which represents an increase of $2.7 billion from fiscal year 2022-23. The 2023-24 Enacted Budget projected personal income tax revenues of approximately $60.4 billion (an increase of $10.0 billion from fiscal year 2022-23), consumption and use tax revenues of approximately $18.4 billion (an increase of $1.6 billion from fiscal year 2022-23), and business tax receipts of approximately $9.3 billion (a decrease of $1.1 billion from fiscal year 2022-23). Against these revenues, the 2023-24 Enacted Budget provides for approximately $104.4 billion in expenditures, which represents an increase of $11.6 billion from fiscal year 2022-23. State agency operations expenditures are also expected to total $21.0 billion, a decrease of $657 million from fiscal year 2022-23. The 2023-24 Enacted Budget projects that the closing balance of the General Fund at the end of fiscal year 2023-24 will be approximately $25.9 billion, a decrease of $1.6 billion from fiscal year 2022-23.
New York is prone to natural disasters and climate events, including hurricanes. Such events have, in the past, resulted in significant disruptions to the New York economy and required substantial expenditures from the state government.
The State’s economy continues to face significant risks, including, but not limited to, the effects of: national and international events; climate change, extreme weather events and other natural disasters; pandemics; instability in the Euro Zone and eastern Europe; major terrorist events; hostilities or war; social unrest; changes in international trade policies, consumer confidence, oil supplies and oil prices; cyber security attacks; Federal statutory and regulatory changes concerning financial sector activities; changes concerning financial sector bonus payouts; and shifts in monetary policy affecting interest rates and the financial markets.
New York’s unemployment rate reached its peak of 16.6% in May 2020 but had fallen to 4.0% as of April 2023. The State’s unemployment rate was above the national unemployment rate of 3.4% in April 2023.
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New York City is the largest city in the U.S., and has a complex, varied and aging infrastructure. The City has more school buildings, firehouses, health facilities, community colleges, roads and bridges, libraries, and police precincts than any other city in the country. Notably, New York City was the center of New York’s initial COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, which had an adverse impact on the City’s financial health.
New York City’s general debt limit, as provided in the New York State Constitution, is 10 percent of the five-year rolling average of the full value of taxable City real property. As of June 30, 2022, the City’s total debt-incurring power under the general debt limit was approximately $127.35 billion, and the net debt-incurring power was approximately $41.51 billion. The City’s general obligation debt outstanding was approximately $38.85 billion as of June 30, 2022. After including contract and other liability and adjusting for appropriations, the City’s indebtedness that is counted toward the debt limit totaled approximately $88.39 billion as of June 30, 2022.
In addition to general obligation bonds, the City maintains several additional credits, including bonds issued by the New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“NYCTFA”) and Tobacco Settlement Asset Securitization Corporation (“TSASC”). At the end of fiscal year 2022, NYCTFA debt backed by personal income tax revenues accounted for approximately $43.67 billion of debt. In July 2009, the State Legislature granted NYCTFA the authority to issue additional debt up to $13.5 billion for general capital purposes. The City exhausted the $13.5 billion bonding limit in fiscal year 2007. In July 2009, the State Legislature authorized TFA to issue debt beyond the $13.5 billion limit. However, this additional borrowing is subject to the City’s general debt limit. Thus, additional borrowing above the $13.5 billion limit is secured by personal income tax revenues and counted under the City’s general debt limit. In addition to this capacity, the NYCTFA is authorized to issue up to $9.4 billion of Building Aid Revenue Bonds (BARBs) for education purposes. As of June 30, 2022, excluding amortization, approximately $8.15 billion of these bonds have been issued. Debt service for these bonds is supported by building aid payments the City receives from the State. At the end of fiscal year 2022, TSASC debt totaled approximately $996 million.
As of July 7, 2023, New York State’s general obligation bonds are rated AA+, Aa1, and AA+ by S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, respectively. As of July 7, 2023, New York City’s general obligation debt was rated AA, Aa2, and AA by S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch, respectively. Such ratings reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies, from which an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency originally establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of such ratings, or either of them, may have an effect on the market price of the State municipal obligations in which a Fund invests.
Puerto Rico. Each Fund investing in municipal securities issued by Puerto Rico may be particularly affected by political, economic, environmental, social, regulatory or restructuring developments affecting the ability of Puerto Rican municipal issuers to pay interest or repay principal. As a result of the ongoing financial challenges faced by Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth’s economic circumstances may change negatively and more rapidly than usual, and the Commonwealth may be less able to maintain up-to-date information for the public.
Beginning in 2006, the Commonwealth began to face significant budget shortfalls and endured continuous economic decline through 2018. On June 30, 2016, the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (“PROMESA”) was signed into law by President Obama. PROMESA established a federally-appointed oversight board (the “Oversight Board”) to oversee the Commonwealth’s financial operations and allows the Commonwealth and its instrumentalities, with approval of the Oversight Board, to file cases to restructure debt and other obligations in a “Title III” proceeding. Title III incorporates many provisions of the federal Bankruptcy Code and incorporates legal mechanisms for a litigation stay and restructuring of pension and debt obligations, among other provisions. Title III petitions were filed for, among others, the Commonwealth, the Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation, and the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, three of the largest issuers of Commonwealth debt. The Oversight Board is required by law to remain in place until, based on audited financials, four consecutive fiscal years have ended with balanced operations and Puerto Rico has demonstrated affordable market access to short-term and long-term credit markets at reasonable interest rates.
The Commonwealth has been in bankruptcy proceedings for approximately five years. However, in the first quarter of 2022, the central government of Puerto Rico executed a debt exchange and exited bankruptcy, which impacted a majority of Puerto Rico’s outstanding debt. A debt adjustment plan (the “Plan”) was approved by Puerto Rico’s bankruptcy court in January 2022, and the debt exchange became effective in March 2022. Puerto Rico’s direct
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debt obligations were reduced from $34.3 billion to $7.4 billion, and its annual debt service was reduced from $4.2 billion to $1.15 billion.
The Plan requires that Puerto Rico adopt debt management policies in order to ensure that debt service does not become unmanageable. The policies dictate, among other things, that debt proceeds may only be used to fund capital projects and that debt to cover deficits will no longer be acceptable. Future debt refundings are required to result in cash flow savings each fiscal year and may not raise principal. Additionally, new debt is required to begin amortizing within two years and may not have a maturity greater than 30 years.
The Plan has substantially reduced the outstanding debt obligations of Puerto Rico and certain of its instrumentalities, but there can be no assurances that Puerto Rico will be able to negotiate settlements with respect to its remaining outstanding debt and Title III proceedings. In addition, the composition of the Oversight Board has changed significantly in recent years, and there can be no guarantee that the members of the Oversight Board will approve future restructuring agreements with other creditors.
The budget process will continue to require the Oversight Board, the governor of Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico’s Legislative Assembly to develop a budget that complies with the fiscal plan developed by the Oversight Board and the governor of Puerto Rico. The 2023 fiscal plan was certified by the Oversight Board on April 3, 2023 (“2023 Fiscal Plan”). The 2023 Fiscal Plan projections reflect $14.0 billion of revenues (post-measures and structural reforms) for fiscal year 2023, which include estimated personal income tax receipts of $3.0 billion, sales and use receipts of $2.7 billion, and corporation tax receipts of $4.8 billion. Against these revenues, the 2023 Fiscal Plan projections reflect $12.4 billion of expenditures for fiscal year 2023. The 2023 Fiscal Plan notes that through successive federal stimulus and recovery packages, Puerto Rico has received approximately $120 billion in federal funds, and the 2023 Fiscal Plan assumes full deployment of these funds by 2035.
On June 30, 2023 the budget for fiscal year 2024 was certified. The fiscal year 2024 budget provides for General Fund expenditures of approximately $12.7 billion. General Fund allocations in the fiscal year 2024 budget to education, health care, and economic development were approximately $2.6 billion, $1.5 billion, and $64.1 million, respectively.
The Commonwealth’s budget is impacted by extensive unfunded pension obligations related to its retirement systems, which include the Employees Retirement System, the Teachers Retirement System, and the Judiciary Retirement System. The Commonwealth’s pension systems operate on a “pay-as-you-go” basis, and the General Fund has assumed any payments that the pension systems could not make. As a result, the Commonwealth may have fewer resources for other priorities, including payments on its outstanding debt obligations. Alternatively, the Commonwealth may be forced to raise revenue or issue additional debt. Either outcome could increase pressure on the Commonwealth’s budget, which could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s investments in Puerto Rico.
Investors should be aware that Puerto Rico relies heavily on transfers from the federal government related to specific programs and activities in the Commonwealth. These transfers include, among others, entitlements for previously performed services, or those resulting from contributions to programs such as Social Security, Veterans’ Benefits, Medicare and U.S. Civil Service retirement pensions, as well as grants such as Nutritional Assistance Program grants and Pell Grant scholarships for higher education. There is considerable uncertainty about which federal policy changes may be enacted in the coming years and the economic impact of those changes. Due to the Commonwealth’s dependence on federal transfers, any actions that reduce or alter these transfers may cause increased fiscal stress in Puerto Rico, which may have a negative impact on the value of the Commonwealth’s municipal securities.
There can be no assurances that the Commonwealth will not continue to face severe fiscal stress or that such circumstances will not become even more difficult in the future. Furthermore, there can be no guarantee that future developments will not have a materially adverse impact on the Commonwealth’s finances. Any further deterioration in the Commonwealth’s financial condition may have a negative effect on the payment of principal and interest, the marketability, liquidity or value of the securities issued by the Commonwealth, which could reduce the performance of a Fund.
Since PROMESA was enacted, there have been various legal proceedings initiated by creditors of Puerto Rico and other constituencies. These groups asserted a number of complex legal claims that questioned the efficacy and
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validity of PROMESA, calling into question the validity of Oversight Board appointments. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately decided that the appointment of the members to the Oversight Board was valid. In addition, certain Title III proceedings remain ongoing and certain Plans of Adjustment remain subject to judicial attack. The Commonwealth, its officials and employees are named as defendants in legal proceedings that occur in the normal course of governmental operations. Some of these proceedings involve claims for substantial amounts, which if decided against the Commonwealth might require the Commonwealth to make significant future expenditures or substantially impair future revenue sources. Because of the prospective nature of these proceedings, it is not presently possible to predict the ultimate outcome of such proceedings, estimate the potential impact on the ability of the Commonwealth to pay debt service costs on its obligations, or determine what impact, if any, such proceedings may have on a Fund’s investments.
In September 2017, two successive hurricanes — Irma and Maria — caused severe damage to Puerto Rico. The Commonwealth’s infrastructure was severely damaged by high winds and substantial flooding, including damage to the Commonwealth’s water, power, and telecommunications infrastructure, and resulted in more than 1 million people losing power. In late December 2019 and January 2020, a series of earthquakes, including a magnitude 6.4 earthquake—the strongest to hit the island in more than a century—caused an estimated $200 million in damage. The aftershocks from these earthquakes may continue for years, and it is not currently possible to predict the extent of the damage that could arise from any aftershocks. The full extent of the natural disasters’ impact on Puerto Rico’s economy and foreign investment in Puerto Rico is difficult to estimate, but is expected to have substantially adverse effects on Puerto Rico’s economy. In addition to diverting funds to relief and recovery efforts, Puerto Rico is expected to lose substantial revenue as a result of decreased tourism and general business operations. There can be no assurances that Puerto Rico will receive the necessary aid to rebuild from the damage caused by the hurricanes or earthquakes or that future catastrophic weather events or natural disasters will not cause similar damage.
In addition, the Commonwealth was significantly impacted by COVID-19. Efforts to respond to and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 had a negative impact on the Commonwealth and national economies. In March 2020, the Oversight Board authorized the Commonwealth to implement a $787 million relief package to fight the pandemic and its economic impacts, of which $500 million was incremental new spending made available through a special appropriation. Any reduction in the Commonwealth’s revenues as a result of the pandemic could have a negative ability on the Commonwealth to meet its debt service obligations, including with respect to debt held by a Fund. Further, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) in March 2020, which provided for approximately $2.2 trillion in disaster relief. Among other things, the CARES Act established the Coronavirus Relief Fund (“CRF”), from which Puerto Rico received $2.2 billion. In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan was signed into law, which provided an additional $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local, territorial, and Tribal governments, including $4.5 billion specifically for relief to U.S. territories. The rate and level at which the federal government and the Commonwealth took on new debt could have a negative impact on their fiscal health, which could lead to prolonged challenges. A failure by Puerto Rico to meet its debt obligations could lead to a significant decline in the value, liquidity, and marketability of Fund investments.
As of the date of this SAI, S&P, Moody’s and Fitch each have withdrawn their unenhanced ratings of Puerto Rico’s general obligation debt. The withdrawals reflect only the views of the respective rating agency, an explanation of which may be obtained from each such rating agency. There is no assurance that the withdrawals will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be reversed by the rating agency if, in the judgment of such rating agency, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of a general obligation bond rating may have an adverse effect on the market prices of the securities issued by the Commonwealth and its political subdivisions, instrumentalities, and authorities.
Mortgage-Related Securities and Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Such mortgage loans may include non-performing loans, which are loans considered in default or close to default, and reperforming loans (“RPLs”), which are loans that have previously been delinquent but are current at the time securitized. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. See “Mortgage Pass-Through Securities.” Certain of the Funds also may invest in debt securities which are secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities (see “Collateralized Mortgage
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Obligations”). The PIMCO Low Duration Credit Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
The financial downturn of the late 2000s adversely affected the market for mortgage-related securities. The downturn saw dramatic declines in the housing market, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions. Between 2008 and 2009, the market for mortgage-related securities (and other asset-backed securities) was particularly adversely impacted by, among other factors, the failure of certain large financial institutions and the events leading to the conservatorship and the control by the U.S. Government of FNMA and FHLMC, as described below. These events, coupled with the general economic downturn, resulted in a substantial level of uncertainty in the financial markets, particularly with respect to mortgage-related investments. There is no assurance that the U.S. Government would take similar or further action to support the mortgage-related securities industry, as it has in the past, should the economy experience another downturn. Further, any future government actions may significantly alter the manner in which the mortgage-related securities market functions. Each of these factors could ultimately increase the risk that a Fund could realize losses on mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of pre-payment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase. The residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced in the past, and could experience in the future, difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of the Fund’s mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans may increase substantially over certain periods. A decline in or flattening of housing values may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses on residential mortgages. Borrowers with adjustable rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. As a result of the 2008 financial crisis, a number of residential mortgage loan originators experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Owing largely to the foregoing, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for certain mortgage-related securities, which adversely affected the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could recur or worsen in the future.
Agency Mortgage-Related Securities. The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”).
Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
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FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
FNMA and FHLMC also securitize RPLs. For example, in FNMA’s case, the RPLs are single-family, fixed rate reperforming loans that generally were previously placed in a mortgage backed securities trust guaranteed by FNMA, purchased from the trust by FNMA and held as a distressed asset after four or more months of delinquency, and subsequently became current (i.e., performing) again. Such RPLs may have exited delinquency through efforts at reducing defaults (e.g., loan modification). In selecting RPLs for securitization, FNMA follows certain criteria related to length of time the loan has been performing, the type of loan (single-family, fixed rate), and the status of the loan as first lien, among other things. FNMA may include different loan structures and modification programs in the future.
Since September 6, 2008, FNMA and FHLMC have operated under a conservatorship administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. In connection with the conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement to provide additional financing to FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA and FHLMC continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.
FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.
In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.
Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of
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FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Programs. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to a Fund.
FNMA and FHLM have entered into a joint initiative to develop and operate a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (“UMBS”) (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. In June 2019, under the Single Security Initiative, FNMA and FHLMC started issuing UMBS in place of their current offerings of to-be-announced (“TBA”) eligible securities. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market and aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The long-term effects that the Single Security Initiative may have on the market for TBA and other mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
Government-Sponsored Enterprise (“GSE”) Credit Risk Transfer Securities and GSE Credit-Linked Notes. GSE credit risk transfer securities are notes issued directly by a GSE, such as FNMA or FHLMC, and GSE credit-linked notes are notes issued by a special purpose vehicle (“SPV”) sponsored by a GSE. Investors in these notes provide credit protection for the applicable GSE’s mortgage-related securities guarantee obligations. In this regard, a noteholder receives compensation for providing credit protection to the GSE and, when a specified level of losses on the relevant mortgage loans occurs, the principal balance and certain payments owed to the noteholder may be reduced. In addition, noteholders may receive a return of principal prior to the stated maturity date reflecting prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans and in any other circumstances that may be set forth in the applicable loan agreement. The notes may be issued in different tranches representing the issuance of different levels of credit risk protection to the GSE on the underlying mortgage loans and the notes are not secured by the reference mortgage loans.
GSE Credit Risk Transfer Securities Structure. In this structure, the GSE receives the note sale proceeds. The GSE pays noteholders monthly interest payments and a return of principal on the stated maturity date based on the initial investment amount, as reduced by any covered losses on the reference mortgage loans.
GSE Credit-Linked Notes Structure. In this structure, the SPV receives the note sale proceeds and the SPV’s obligations to the noteholder are collateralized by the note sale proceeds. The SPV invests the proceeds in cash or other short-term assets. The SPV also enters into a credit protection agreement with the GSE pursuant to which the GSE pays the SPV monthly premium payments and the SPV compensates the GSE for covered losses on the reference mortgage loans. The SPV pays noteholders monthly interest payments based on the premium payments paid by the GSE and the performance on the invested note sale proceeds. The noteholders also receive a return of principal on a stated maturity date based on the initial investment amount, as reduced by any covered losses on the reference mortgage loans paid by the SPV or the GSE.
Risks Related to GSE Credit Risk Transfer Securities and GSE Credit-Linked Notes. GSE credit risk transfer securities are general obligations issued by a GSE and are unguaranteed and unsecured. GSE credit-linked notes are similar, except that the notes are issued by an SPV, rather than by a GSE, and the obligations of the SPV are collateralized by the note proceeds as invested by the SPV, which are invested in cash or short-term securities. Although both GSE credit risk transfer securities and GSE credit-linked notes are unguaranteed, obligations of an SPV are also not backstopped by the Department of Treasury or an obligation of a GSE.
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The risks associated with these investments are different than the risks associated with an investment in mortgage-backed securities issued by GSEs or a private issuer. If a GSE fails to pay principal or interest on its credit risk transfers or goes through a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding, holders of such credit risk transfers will have no direct recourse to the underlying mortgage loans. In addition, some or all of the mortgage default risk associated with the underlying mortgage loans is transferred to noteholders. As a result, there can be no assurance that losses will not occur on an investment in GSE credit risk transfer securities or GSE credit-linked notes and Funds investing in these instruments may be exposed to the risk of loss on their investment. In addition, these investments are subject to prepayment risk.
In the case of GSE credit-linked notes, if a GSE fails to make a premium or other required payment to the SPV, the SPV may be unable to pay a noteholder the entire amount of interest or principal payable to the noteholder. In the event of a default on the obligations to noteholders, the SPV’s principal and interest payment obligations to noteholders will be subordinated to the SPV’s credit protection payment obligations to the GSE. Payment of such amounts to noteholders depends on the cash available in the trust from the loan proceeds and the GSE’s premium payments.
Any income earned by the SPV on investments of loan proceeds is expected to be less than the interest payments amounts to be paid to noteholders of the GSE credit-linked notes and interest payments to noteholders will be reduced if the GSE fails to make premium payments to the SPV. An SPV’s investment of loan proceeds may also be concentrated in the securities of a few number of issuers. A noteholder bears any investment losses on the allocable portion of the loan proceeds.
An SPV that issues GSE credit-linked notes may fall within the definition of a “commodity pool” under the Commodity Exchange Act. Certain GSEs are not registered as commodity pool operators in reliance on CFTC no-action relief, subject to certain conditions similar to those under CFTC Rule 4.13(a)(3), with respect to the operation of the SPV. If the GSE or SPV fails to comply with such conditions, noteholders that are investment vehicles, such as the Funds (as applicable), may become ineligible to claim an exclusion from CFTC regulation, to the extent they are currently eligible to claim the exclusion. These Funds may consider steps in order to continue to qualify for exemption from CFTC regulation, or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation, which could cause such a Fund to incur increased costs.
Privately Issued Mortgage-Related Securities. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Trust’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Funds may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originators/servicers and poolers, PIMCO determines that the securities meet the Trust’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Mortgage pools underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages and manufactured housing loans, in addition to commercial mortgages and other types of mortgages where a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee is not available. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage
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loans in a privately-issued mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans are loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.
The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by loans that were originated under weak underwriting standards, including loans made to borrowers with limited means to make repayment. A level of risk exists for all loans, although, historically, the poorest performing loans have been those classified as subprime. Other types of privately issued mortgage-related securities, such as those classified as pay-option adjustable rate or Alt-A have also performed poorly. Even loans classified as prime have experienced higher levels of delinquencies and defaults. The substantial decline in real property values across the U.S. has exacerbated the level of losses that investors in privately issued mortgage-related securities have experienced. It is not certain when these trends may reverse. Market factors that may adversely affect mortgage loan repayment include adverse economic conditions, unemployment, a decline in the value of real property, or an increase in interest rates.
Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
The Funds may purchase privately issued mortgage-related securities that are originated, packaged and serviced by third party entities. It is possible these third parties could have interests that are in conflict with the holders of mortgage-related securities, and such holders (such as a Fund) could have rights against the third parties or their affiliates. For example, if a loan originator, servicer or its affiliates engaged in negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties, then a holder of the mortgage-related security could seek recourse against the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable. Also, as a loan originator/servicer, the originator/servicer or its affiliates may make certain representations and warranties regarding the quality of the mortgages and properties underlying a mortgage-related security. If one or more of those representations or warranties is false, then the holders of the mortgage-related securities (such as a Fund) could trigger an obligation of the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable, to repurchase the mortgages from the issuing trust.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, many of the third parties that are legally bound by trust and other documents have failed to perform their respective duties, as stipulated in such trust and other documents, and investors have had limited success in enforcing terms. To the extent third party entities involved with privately issued mortgage-related securities are involved in litigation relating to the securities, actions may be taken that are adverse to the interests of holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Funds. For example, third parties may seek to withhold proceeds due to holders of the mortgage-related securities, including the Funds, to cover legal or related costs. Any such action could result in losses to the Funds.
Mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds' industry concentration restrictions, set forth under “Investment Restrictions” by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. The assets underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may be represented by a portfolio of residential or commercial mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests that may be senior or junior in terms of priority of repayment) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
PIMCO seeks to manage the portion of any Fund’s assets committed to privately issued mortgage-related securities in a manner consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, policies and overall portfolio risk profile. In determining whether and how much to invest in privately issued mortgage-related securities, and how to allocate those
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assets, PIMCO will consider a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to: (1) the nature of the borrowers (e.g., residential vs. commercial); (2) the collateral loan type (e.g., for residential: First Lien - Jumbo/Prime, First Lien - Alt-A, First Lien - Subprime, First Lien - Pay-Option or Second Lien; for commercial: Conduit, Large Loan or Single Asset / Single Borrower); and (3) in the case of residential loans, whether they are fixed rate or adjustable mortgages. Each of these criteria can cause privately issued mortgage-related securities to have differing primary economic characteristics and distinguishable risk factors and performance characteristics.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including pre-payments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made to any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full.
In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
As CMOs have evolved, some classes of CMO bonds have become more common. For example, the Funds may invest in parallel-pay and planned amortization class (“PAC”) CMOs and multi-class pass-through certificates. Parallel-pay CMOs and multi-class pass-through certificates are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which, as with other CMO and multi-class pass-through structures, must be retired by its stated maturity date or final distribution date but may be retired earlier. PACs generally require payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date. PACs are parallel-pay CMOs with the required principal amount on such securities having the highest priority after interest has been paid to all classes. Any CMO or multi-class pass through structure that includes PAC securities must also have support tranches—known as support bonds, companion bonds or non-PAC bonds—which lend or absorb principal cash flows to allow the PAC securities to maintain their stated maturities and final distribution dates within a range of actual prepayment experience. These support tranches are subject to a higher level of maturity risk compared to other mortgage-related securities, and usually provide a higher yield to compensate investors. If principal cash flows are received in amounts outside a pre-determined range such that the support bonds cannot lend or absorb sufficient cash flows to the PAC securities as intended, the PAC securities are subject to heightened maturity risk. Consistent with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies, PIMCO may invest in various tranches of CMO bonds, including support bonds.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
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Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
Mortgage-related securities include, among other things, securities that reflect an interest in reverse mortgages. In a reverse mortgage, a lender makes a loan to a homeowner based on the homeowner’s equity in his or her home. While a homeowner must be age 62 or older to qualify for a reverse mortgage, reverse mortgages may have no income restrictions. Repayment of the interest or principal for the loan is generally not required until the homeowner dies, sells the home, or ceases to use the home as his or her primary residence.
There are three general types of reverse mortgages: (1) single-purpose reverse mortgages, which are offered by certain state and local government agencies and nonprofit organizations; (2) federally-insured reverse mortgages, which are backed by the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and (3) proprietary reverse mortgages, which are privately offered loans. A mortgage-related security may be backed by a single type of reverse mortgage. Reverse mortgage-related securities include agency and privately issued mortgage-related securities. The principal government guarantor of reverse mortgage-related securities is GNMA.
Reverse mortgage-related securities may be subject to risks different than other types of mortgage-related securities due to the unique nature of the underlying loans. The date of repayment for such loans is uncertain and may occur sooner or later than anticipated. The timing of payments for the corresponding mortgage-related security may be uncertain. Because reverse mortgages are offered only to persons 62 and older and there may be no income restrictions, the loans may react differently than traditional home loans to market events. Additionally, there can be no assurance that service providers to reverse mortgage trusts (“RMTs”) will diligently and appropriately execute their duties with respect to servicing such trusts. As a result, investors (which may include the Funds) in notes issued by RMTs may be deprived of payments to which they are entitled. This could result in losses to the Funds. Investors, including the Funds, may determine to pursue negotiations or legal claims or otherwise seek compensation from RMT service providers in certain instances. This may involve the Funds incurring costs and expenses associated with such actions.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See “Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities” below. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability. Please
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refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits a Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, a Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, a Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated pre-payments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Collateralized Bond Obligations, Collateralized Loan Obligations and other Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Funds (except the PIMCO Government Money Market and PIMCO Total Return IV Funds) may invest in each of collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), other collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed income securities such as high yield debt, residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately issued mortgage-related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.
For CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the first loss from any defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust, although more senior tranches may also bear losses. Since they are partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CBO trust, CLO trust or trust of another CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class.
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The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Funds' Prospectuses (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, legal risk and interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates)), CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) risks related to the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets; (iv) the risk that a Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (v) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are bonds backed by pools of loans or other receivables. The credit quality of an ABS transaction depends on the performance of the underlying assets. ABS are created from many types of assets, including, but not limited to, auto loans, accounts receivable such as credit card receivables and hospital account receivables, home equity loans, student loans, boat loans, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans, manufactured housing loans, aircraft leases, computer leases, syndicated bank loans, peer-to-peer loans and litigation finance loans. These loans or other receivables are subject to risks of prepayment, delinquency and default similar to those present in mortgage loans. Consumer loans may be backed by collateral (as in automobile loans) or they may be unsecured. Moreover, Congress, regulators such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the individual states may further regulate the consumer credit industry in ways that make it more difficult for servicers of such loans to collect payments on such loans, resulting in reduced collections. Changes to federal or state bankruptcy or debtor relief laws may also impede collection efforts or alter timing and amount of collections. ABS are issued through special purpose vehicles that are bankruptcy remote from the issuer of the collateral. To protect ABS investors from the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans, ABS include various forms of credit enhancement.
Some ABS, particularly home equity loan transactions, are subject to interest-rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest rates can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn, affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS transaction. Additionally, the value of ABS is subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. In some circumstances, a servicer’s or originator’s mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. Finally, ABS have structure risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include: a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment.
Consistent with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies, PIMCO also may invest in other types of asset-backed securities.
Real Estate Assets and Related Derivatives
Certain Funds (in particular, the PIMCO RealEstateRealReturn Strategy Fund) may generally gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. The Funds may also invest in loans or other investments secured by real estate and may, as a result of default, foreclosure or otherwise, take possession of and hold real estate as a direct owner (see “Loans and Other Indebtedness, Loan Participations and Assignments” below). Each of these types of investments are subject, directly or indirectly, to risks associated with ownership of real estate, including changes in the general economic climate or local conditions (such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for space), including reduced demand for commercial and office space as well as increased maintenance or tenant improvement costs to convert properties for other uses, default risk of tenants and borrowers,
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the financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers, and the inability to re-lease space on attractive terms or to obtain mortgage financing on a timely basis or at all, loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, including competition based on rental rates, variations in market value, changes in the financial condition of tenants, changes in operating costs, attractiveness and location of the properties, adverse changes in the real estate markets generally or in specific sectors of the real estate industry and possible environmental liabilities. Real estate-related investments may entail leverage and may be highly volatile.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and typically operate, income-producing real estate. If a REIT meets certain requirements, including distributing to shareholders substantially all of its taxable income (other than net capital gains), then it is generally not taxed on the income distributed to shareholders. REITs are subject to management fees and other expenses, and so the Funds that invest in REITs will bear their proportionate share of the costs of the REITs’ operations. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income. REITs may not provide complete tax information to a Fund until after the calendar year-end. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for a Fund to request permission from the IRS to extend the deadline for issuance of Form 1099-DIV.
There are three general categories of REITs: Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest primarily in direct fee ownership or leasehold ownership of real property; they derive most of their income from rents. Mortgage REITs invest mostly in mortgages on real estate, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans, and the main source of their income is mortgage interest payments. Hybrid REITs hold both ownership and mortgage interests in real estate.
Along with the risks common to different types of real estate-related securities, REITs, no matter the type, involve additional risk factors. These include poor performance by the REIT’s manager, changes to the tax laws, and failure by the REIT to qualify for tax-free distribution of income or exemption under the 1940 Act. Furthermore, REITs are not diversified and are heavily dependent on cash flow. Investments in REIT equity securities could require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received by the Fund. On the other hand, investments in REIT equity securities can also result in a Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes such amounts, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. A Fund or some of the REITs in which a Fund may invest may be permitted to hold senior or residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or debt or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”). A Fund may also hold interests in “Re-REMICs,” which are interests in securitizations formed by the contribution of asset backed or other similar securities into a trust which then issues securities in various tranches. The Funds may participate in the creation of a Re-REMIC by contributing assets to the trust and receiving junior and/or senior securities in return. An interest in a Re-REMIC security may be riskier than the securities originally held by and contributed to the trust, and the holders of the Re-REMIC securities will bear the costs associated with the securitization.
Bank Obligations
Bank obligations in which the Funds may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. A Fund may limit investments in fixed time deposits which: (1) are not subject to prepayment; or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits). Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
The activities of U.S. banks and most foreign banks are subject to comprehensive regulations which, in the case of U.S. regulations, have undergone substantial changes in the past decade and are currently subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny. The enactment of new legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws, may affect the manner of operations and profitability of U.S. and foreign banks.
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Significant developments in the U.S. banking industry have included increased competition from other types of financial institutions, increased acquisition activity and geographic expansion. Banks may be particularly susceptible to certain economic factors, such as interest rate changes and adverse developments in the market for real estate. Fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles can affect the availability and cost of funds, loan demand and asset quality and thereby impact the earnings and financial conditions of banks.
The PIMCO California Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Bond, PIMCO California Municipal Intermediate Value, PIMCO California Municipal Opportunistic Value, PIMCO National Municipal Intermediate Value, PIMCO National Municipal Opportunistic Value, PIMCO California Short Duration Municipal Income, PIMCO Government Money Market, PIMCO High Yield Municipal Bond, PIMCO GNMA and Government Securities, PIMCO Long-Term U.S. Government, PIMCO Low Duration II, PIMCO Mortgage-Backed Securities, PIMCO Municipal Bond, PIMCO National Intermediate Municipal Bond, PIMCO New York Municipal Bond, PIMCO Short Duration Municipal Income and PIMCO Total Return II Funds may invest in the same types of bank obligations as the other Funds, but they must be U.S. dollar-denominated. Subject to the Trust’s limitation on concentration of no more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of issuers in a particular industry, as described in the “Investment Restrictions” section below, there is no additional limitation on the amount of a Fund’s assets which may be invested in obligations of foreign banks which meet the conditions set forth herein.
U.S. and global markets recently have experienced increased volatility, including as a result of the recent failures of certain U.S. and non-U.S. banks, which could be harmful to the Funds and issuers in which they invest. For example, if a bank at which a Fund or issuer has an account fails, any cash or other assets in bank or custody accounts, which may be substantial in size, could be temporarily inaccessible or permanently lost by the Fund or issuer. If a bank that provides a subscription line credit facility, asset-based facility, other credit facility and/or other services to an issuer or to a fund fails, the issuer or fund could be unable to draw funds under its credit facilities or obtain replacement credit facilities or other services from other lending institutions with similar terms.
Issuers in which a Fund may invest can be affected by volatility in the banking sector. Even if banks used by issuers in which a Fund invests remain solvent, continued volatility in the banking sector could contribute to, cause or intensify an economic recession, increase the costs of capital and banking services or result in the issuers being unable to obtain or refinance indebtedness at all or on as favorable terms as could otherwise have been obtained. Conditions in the banking sector are evolving, and the scope of any potential impacts to the Funds and issuers, both from market conditions and also potential legislative or regulatory responses, are uncertain. Such conditions and responses, as well as a changing interest rate environment, can contribute to decreased market liquidity and erode the value of certain holdings, including those of U.S. and non-U.S. banks. Continued market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and financial conditions, as a result of developments in the banking industry or otherwise (including as a result of delayed access to cash or credit facilities), could have an adverse impact on a Fund and issuers in which it invests.
Obligations of foreign banks involve somewhat different investment risks than those affecting obligations of United States banks, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of United States banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to United States banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any United States Government agency or instrumentality.
Loans and Other Indebtedness, Loan Participations and Assignments
Each Fund (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may purchase indebtedness and participations in commercial loans, as well as interests and/or servicing or similar rights in such loans. Such instruments may be secured or unsecured and may be newly-originated (and may be specifically designed for a Fund). Indebtedness is different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public whereas indebtedness may not be a security and may represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate
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borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Funds may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, a Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The indebtedness and loan participations that a Fund may acquire may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.
A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institution’s employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of a Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent bank’s general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer a Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower, a Fund could experience delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a loan.
The Funds may acquire loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when acquiring indebtedness of companies with poor credit, a Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount of the instrument acquired. The Funds may make purchases of indebtedness and loan participations to achieve income and/or capital appreciation.
Certain Funds that are diversified limit the amount of their total assets that they will invest in any one issuer and all Funds (except the PIMCO Preferred and Capital Securities Fund, which concentrates its investments in a group of industries related to banks) limit the amount of their total assets that they will invest in issuers within the same industry (see “Investment Restrictions”). For purposes of these limits, a Fund generally will treat the corporate borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by the Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between a Fund and the corporate borrower, if the participation does not shift to the Fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the corporate borrower, the Fund will treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as “issuers” for purposes of a Fund’s policy with respect to diversification under Fundamental Investment Restriction 2 below in accordance with written guidance from the staff of the SEC. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness (which a Fund may originate, acquire or otherwise gain exposure to) may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what PIMCO believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining a Fund’s net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Fund’s daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve.
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Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity. Acquisitions of loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the Trust’s investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by a Fund.
Acquisition of loans through a purchase of a loan or a direct assignment of a financial institution’s interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks to the Funds. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning lender. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a Fund could become owner, in whole or in part, of any collateral, which could include, among other assets, real estate or other real or personal property, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and holding or disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a Fund could be held liable as a co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, the Funds rely on PIMCO’s research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Funds.
Each Fund (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may make, participate in or acquire debtor-in-possession financings (commonly known as “DIP financings”). DIP financings are arranged when an entity seeks the protections of the bankruptcy court under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These financings allow the entity to continue its business operations while reorganizing under Chapter 11. Such financings constitute senior liens on unencumbered security (i.e., security not subject to other creditors’ claims). There is a risk that the entity will not emerge from Chapter 11 and be forced to liquidate its assets under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In the event of liquidation, a Fund’s only recourse will be against the property securing the DIP financing.
Each Fund (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may act as the originator for direct loans to a borrower. Direct loans between a Fund and a borrower may not be administered by an underwriter or agent bank. The Funds may provide financing to commercial borrowers directly or through companies acquired (or created) and owned by or otherwise affiliated with one or more Funds. The terms of the direct loans are negotiated with borrowers in private transactions. A direct loan may be secured or unsecured.
In determining whether to make a direct loan, a Fund will rely primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower and/or any collateral for payment of interest and repayment of principal. In making a direct loan, a Fund is exposed to the risk that the borrower may default or become insolvent and, consequently, that a Fund will lose money on the loan. Furthermore, direct loans may subject a Fund to liquidity and interest rate risk and certain direct loans may be deemed illiquid. Direct loans are not publicly traded and may not have a secondary market. The lack of a secondary market for direct loans may have an adverse impact on the ability of a Fund to dispose of a direct loan and/or to value the direct loan.
When engaging in direct lending, a Fund’s performance may depend, in part, on the ability of a Fund to originate loans on advantageous terms. In originating and purchasing loans, a Fund will often compete with a broad spectrum of lenders. Increased competition for, or a diminishment in the available supply of, qualifying loans could result in lower yields on and/or less advantageous terms of such loans, which could reduce Fund performance.
As part of its lending activities, a Fund may originate loans to companies that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Although the terms of such financing may result in significant financial returns to a Fund, they involve a substantial degree of risk. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful financing to companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. Different types of assets may be used as collateral for a Fund’s loans and, accordingly, the valuation of and risks associated with such collateral will vary by loan. There is no assurance that a Fund will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing a Fund’s loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company that a Fund funds, a Fund may lose all or part of the amounts advanced to the borrower or may be required to accept collateral with a value less than the amount of the loan advanced by a Fund or its affiliates to the borrower. Furthermore, in the event of a default by a borrower, a Fund may have difficulty disposing of the assets used as collateral for a loan.
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Various state licensing requirements could apply to a Fund with respect to the origination, acquisition, holding, servicing, foreclosure and/or disposition of loans and similar assets. The licensing requirements could apply depending on the location of the borrower, the location of the collateral securing the loan, or the location where a Fund or PIMCO operates or has offices. In states in which it is licensed, a Fund or PIMCO will be required to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including consumer protection and anti-fraud laws, which could impose restrictions on a Fund’s or PIMCO’s ability to take certain actions to protect the value of its holdings in such assets and impose compliance costs. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could lead to, among other penalties, a loss of a Fund’s or PIMCO’s license, which in turn could require a Fund to divest assets located in or secured by real property located in that state. These risks will also apply to issuers and entities in which a Fund invests that hold similar assets, as well as any origination company or servicer in which a Fund owns an interest.
Loan origination and servicing companies are routinely involved in legal proceedings concerning matters that arise in the ordinary course of their business. These legal proceedings range from actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially tens of thousands of class members. In addition, a number of participants in the loan origination and servicing industry (including control persons of industry participants) have been the subject of regulatory actions by state regulators, including state Attorneys General, and by the federal government. Governmental investigations, examinations or regulatory actions, or private lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits, may adversely affect such companies’ financial results. To the extent a Fund seeks to engage in origination and/or servicing directly, or has a financial interest in, or is otherwise affiliated with, an origination or servicing company, a Fund will be subject to enhanced risks of litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings. As a result, a Fund may be required to pay legal fees, settlement costs, damages, penalties or other charges, any or all of which could materially adversely affect a Fund and its holdings.
In addition to laws governing the activities of lenders and servicers, certain states may require, or may in the future require, purchasers or holders of certain loans, including residential mortgage loans, to be licensed or registered in order to purchase, hold or foreclose such loans, or, in certain states, to collect a rate of interest above a specified rate. To the extent required or determined to be necessary or advisable by a Fund that seeks to acquire such loans, the Fund will take appropriate steps intended to address any applicable state licensing requirements, which may include acquiring and holding such loans through structures designed to preempt state licensing laws, in order to pursue its objectives and strategies. To the extent a Fund (or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiary) obtains licenses or is required to comply with related regulatory requirements, the Fund could be subject to increased costs and regulatory oversight by governmental authorities, which may have an adverse effect on its results or operations.
Certain Funds initially intend to acquire residential mortgage loans through direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiaries. The subsidiaries directly holding a beneficial interest in loans will be formed as domestic common law or statutory trusts with a federally chartered bank serving as trustee. A Fund’s fully-owned subsidiary trust will hold the beneficial interests of loans and the federally chartered bank acting as trustee will hold legal title to the loans for the benefit of the subsidiary trust and/or the trust’s beneficial owners (i.e., a Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiary). State licensing laws typically exempt federally chartered banks from their licensing requirements, and federally chartered banks may also benefit from federal preemption of state laws, including any licensing requirements. The use of common law or statutory trusts with a federally chartered bank serving as trustee is intended to address any state licensing requirements that may be applicable to purchasers or holders of loans, including state licensing requirements related to foreclosure. A Fund may allocate up to 5% of its total assets to its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiary trust for the purpose of acquiring and holding loans if the acquisition and holding of such loans is permitted by the Fund’s investment objectives and policies and any limits set by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. The Funds believe that such direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiary trusts will not be treated as associations or publicly traded partnerships taxable as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and that therefore, the subsidiary trusts will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the subsidiary level. Investments in residential mortgage loans through entities that are not so treated can potentially be limited by a Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and limit the Fund’s ability to qualify as such.
If a Fund or its direct or indirect fully-owned subsidiary trust is required to be licensed in any particular jurisdiction in order to acquire, hold, dispose or foreclose loans, obtaining the required license may not be viable (because, for example, it is not possible or practical) and the Fund or its subsidiary trust may be unable to restructure its holdings to address the licensing requirement. In that case, the Fund or its subsidiary trust may be forced to cease activities involving the affected loans, or may be forced to sell such loans. If a state regulator or court were to determine that the Fund or its subsidiary trust acquired, held or foreclosed a loan without a required state license, the
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Fund or its subsidiary trust could be subject to penalties or other sanctions, prohibited or restricted in its ability to enforce its rights under the loan, or subject to litigation risk or other losses or damages.
Privacy and Data Security Laws
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers’ personally identifiable information. Other laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and SEC implement GLBA and other requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants’ personal information securely and dispose of it properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers’ non-public personal information, and the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of borrowers’ non-public personal information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund or its direct or indirect full-owned subsidiaries, including their custodians and the platforms acting as loan servicers for the Fund or its direct or indirect full-owned subsidiaries, may obtain, hold or process such information. While the Fund will adopt policies and procedures regarding the platforms’ and custodian’s protection and use of non-public personal information, the Fund cannot guarantee the security of that data and cannot guarantee that service providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, other data security and privacy laws and any other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA and other laws could subject the Fund to litigation and/or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may also face regulations related to privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
Senior Loans
To the extent the Funds invest in senior loans, including bank loans, the Funds may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk, than funds that do not invest in such investments. Senior loans are often issued by heavily indebted companies, and therefore can be particularly susceptible to a wide variety of risks. Senior loans may not be backed by adequate collateral and can be subject to faster payment schedules than other types of obligations. These instruments are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile and more difficult to value than other types of investments (including other debt securities). An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these instruments and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell these instruments at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment rate and, a senior loan may lose significant market value before a default occurs. In addition, the senior loans in which the Funds invest may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such loans may be less liquid than markets for other instruments. Consequently, transactions in senior loans may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded instruments. Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make senior loans difficult to value accurately or sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in a Fund being unable to realize full value for the senior loans and/or may result in a Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a senior loan for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to a Fund. Senior loans may have extended trade settlement periods, which may result in sale proceeds not being immediately available to a Fund. As discussed in more detail below, loan purchasers have no entitlement to receive from loan sellers delayed compensation payments that are intended to incentivize shorter settlement periods. Consequently, there is no certainty that PIMCO will be able to obtain delayed compensation payments in connection with loan transactions. As a result, transactions in senior loans that settle on a delayed basis may limit a Fund’s ability to make additional investments or satisfy the Fund’s redemption obligations. A Fund may seek to satisfy any short-term liquidity needs resulting from an extended trade settlement process by, among other things, selling portfolio assets, holding additional cash or entering into temporary borrowing arrangements with banks and other potential funding sources. If an issuer of a senior loan prepays or redeems the loan prior to maturity, a Fund may have to
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reinvest the proceeds in instruments that pay lower interest rates. Senior loans may not be considered securities under the federal securities laws. In such circumstances, fewer legal protections may be available with respect to a Fund’s investment in senior loans. In particular, if a senior loan is not considered a security under the federal securities laws, certain legal protections normally available to securities investors under the federal securities laws, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation, may not be available. Senior loans in which a Fund invests may be collateralized, although the loans may not be fully collateralized and the collateral may be unavailable or insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower. A Fund may have limited rights to exercise remedies against such collateral or a borrower and loan agreements may impose certain procedures that delay receipt of the proceeds of collateral or require a Fund to act collectively with other creditors to exercise its rights with respect to a senior loan. Because of the risks involved in investing in senior loans, an investment in a Fund that invests in such instruments should be considered speculative. Senior loans that are covenant-lite obligations contain fewer maintenance covenants than other types of loans, or no maintenance covenants, and may not include terms that allow the lender to monitor the performance of the borrower and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. Covenant-lite obligations may carry more risk than traditional loans as they allow borrowers to engage in activities that would otherwise be difficult or impossible under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. In the event of default, covenant-lite obligations may exhibit diminished recovery values as the lender may not have the opportunity to negotiate with the borrower prior to default. A Fund may have a greater risk of loss on investments in covenant-lite obligations as compared to investments in traditional loans.
Secondary trades of senior loans may have extended settlement periods. Any settlement of a secondary market purchase of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants (i.e., T+7 for par/near par loans and T+20 for distressed loans, in other words more than seven or twenty business days beyond the trade date, respectively) is subject to the “delayed compensation” rules prescribed by the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (“LSTA”) and addressed in the LSTA’s standard loan documentation for par/near par trades and for distressed trades. “Delayed compensation” is a pricing adjustment comprised of certain interest and fees, which is payable between the parties to a secondary loan trade. The LSTA introduced a requirements-based rules program in order to incentivize shorter settlement times for secondary transactions and discourage certain delay tactics that create friction in the loan syndications market by, among other things, mandating that the buyer of a senior loan satisfy certain “basic requirements” as prescribed by the LSTA no later than T+5 in order for the buyer to receive the benefit of interest and other fees accruing on the purchased loan from and after T+7 for par/near par loans (for distressed trades, T+20) until the settlement date, subject to certain specific exceptions. These “basic requirements” generally require a buyer to execute the required trade documentation and to be, and remain, financially able to settle the trade no later than T+7 for par/near par loans (and T+20 for distressed trades). In addition, buyers are required to fund the purchase price for a secondary trade upon receiving notice from the agent of the effectiveness of the trade in the agent’s loan register. A Fund, as a buyer of a senior loan in the secondary market, would need to meet these “basic requirements” or risk forfeiting all or some portion of the interest and other fees accruing on the loan from and after T+7 for par/near par loans (for distressed trades, T+20) until the settlement date. The “delayed compensation” mechanism does not mitigate the other risks of delayed settlement or other risks associated with investments in senior loans.
Investors should be aware that a Fund’s investment in a senior loan may result in a Fund or PIMCO receiving information about the issuer that may be deemed material, non-public information. Under such circumstances, the Funds’ investment opportunities may be limited, as trading in securities of such issuer may be restricted. Additionally, PIMCO may seek to avoid receiving material, non-public information about issuers of senior loans. As a result, PIMCO may forgo certain investment opportunities or be disadvantaged as compared to other investors that do not restrict information that they receive from senior loan issuers. Please see “Portfolio Managers—Conflicts of Interest—Investment Opportunities” below for more information.
Trade Claims
The Funds may purchase trade claims and similar obligations or claims against companies in bankruptcy proceedings. Trade claims are non-securitized rights of payment arising from obligations that typically arise when vendors and suppliers extend credit to a company by offering payment terms for products and services. If the company files for bankruptcy, payments on these trade claims stop and the claims are subject to compromise along with the other debts of the company. Trade claims may be purchased directly from the creditor or through brokers. There is no guarantee that a debtor will ever be able to satisfy its trade claim obligations. Trade claims are subject to the risks associated with low-quality obligations.
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Corporate Debt Securities
A Fund’s investments in U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated corporate debt securities of domestic or foreign issuers are limited to corporate debt securities (corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities) which meet the minimum ratings criteria set forth for a Fund, or, if unrated, are in PIMCO’s opinion comparable in quality to corporate debt securities in which a Fund may invest.
The rate of interest on a corporate debt security may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Debt securities may be acquired with warrants attached. In addition, corporate debt securities may be highly customized and as a result may be subject to, among others, liquidity risk and pricing transparency risks.
Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. When interest rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities can be expected to decline. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities. Company defaults can impact the level of returns generated by corporate debt securities. An unexpected default can reduce income and the capital value of a corporate debt security. Furthermore, market expectations regarding economic conditions and the likely number of corporate defaults may impact the value of corporate debt securities.
Securities rated Baa and BBB are the lowest which are considered “investment grade” obligations. Moody’s describes securities rated Baa as judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. S&P describes securities rated BBB as exhibiting adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Fitch describes securities rated BBB as having good credit quality with current low expectations of default. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. For a discussion of securities rated below investment grade, see “High Yield Securities (“Junk Bonds”) and Securities of Distressed Companies” below. The Funds may invest in debt securities that are rated in any category established by one or more independent rating organizations or that are unrated.
High Yield Securities (“Junk Bonds”) and Securities of Distressed Companies
Investments in securities rated below investment grade that are eligible for purchase by certain Funds are described as “speculative” by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. Investment in lower rated corporate debt securities (“high yield securities” or “junk bonds”) and securities of distressed companies generally provides greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk. Securities of distressed companies include both debt and equity securities. High yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Issuers of high yield and distressed company securities may be involved in restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings that may not be successful. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high yield or debt securities of distressed companies may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.
High yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of these securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest-rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn, for example, could cause a decline in prices of high yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities, and a high yield security may lose significant market value before a default occurs. If an issuer of securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Funds by investing in such securities, may incur additional expenses to seek recovery of their respective investments. In the case of securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash.
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PIMCO seeks to reduce these risks through diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in both the economy and financial markets.
High yield and distressed company securities may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such securities may be comparatively illiquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed income securities. Consequently, transactions in high yield and distressed company securities may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities, which could adversely affect the price at which the Funds could sell a high yield or distressed company security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. A lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make high yield debt more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in a Fund being unable to realize full value for these securities and/or may result in a Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a high yield or distressed company security for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to a Fund. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield and distressed company securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. When secondary markets for high yield and distressed company securities are less liquid than the market for other types of securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. PIMCO seeks to minimize the risks of investing in all securities through diversification, in-depth analysis and attention to current market developments.
The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of a debt security, not the market value risk of a security. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated. PIMCO does not rely solely on credit ratings when selecting debt securities for Funds, and develops its own independent analysis of issuer credit quality. If a credit rating agency changes the rating of a debt security held by a Fund, a Fund may retain the security if PIMCO deems it in the best interest of shareholders.
Creditor Liability and Participation on Creditors’ Committees
Generally, when a Fund holds bonds or other similar fixed income securities of an issuer, the Fund becomes a creditor of the issuer. If a Fund is a creditor of an issuer it may be subject to challenges related to the securities that it holds, either in connection with the bankruptcy of the issuer or in connection with another action brought by other creditors of the issuer, shareholders of the issuer or the issuer itself. Although under no obligation to do so, PIMCO, as investment adviser to the Fund, may from time to time have an opportunity to consider, on behalf of the Fund and other similarly situated clients, negotiating or otherwise participating in the restructuring of the Fund’s portfolio investment or the issuer of such investment. PIMCO, in its judgment and discretion and based on the considerations deemed by PIMCO to be relevant, may believe that it is in the best interests of the Fund to negotiate or otherwise participate in such restructuring. Accordingly, and subject to applicable procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, the Fund may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an “insider” of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict such Fund’s ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by the Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. Similarly, subject to the above-mentioned procedures, PIMCO may actively participate in bankruptcy court and related proceedings on behalf of the Fund in order to protect the Fund’s interests in connection with a restructuring transaction, and PIMCO may cause the Fund to enter into an agreement reasonably indemnifying third parties or advancing from the Fund’s assets any legal fees or other costs to third parties, including parties involved in or assisting the Fund with a restructuring transaction, such as trustees, servicers and other third parties. Further, PIMCO has the authority, subject to the above-mentioned procedures, to represent the Trust, or any Fund(s) thereof, on creditors’ committees (or similar committees) or otherwise in connection with the restructuring of an issuer’s debt and generally with respect to challenges related to the securities held by the Funds relating to the bankruptcy of an issuer or in connection with another action brought by other creditors of the issuer, shareholders of the issuer or the issuer itself.
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Variable and Floating Rate Securities
Variable and floating rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations must provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event based, such as based on a change in the prime rate. The PIMCO Government Money Market Fund may invest in a variable rate security having a stated maturity in excess of 397 calendar days if the interest rate will be adjusted and such Fund may demand payment of principal from the issuer within that period.
Certain Funds may invest in floating rate debt instruments (“floaters”) and (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) engage in credit spread trades. The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. While, because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide a Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, a Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.
Each of the Funds (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) also may invest in inverse floating rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality. The PIMCO Mortgage Opportunities and Bond Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in any combination of mortgage-related or other asset-backed IO, PO, or inverse floater securities. Each other Fund (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may invest up to 5% of its total assets in any combination of mortgage-related and or other asset-backed IO, PO, or inverse floater securities. See “Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities” for a discussion of IOs and POs. To the extent permitted by each Fund’s investment objectives and general investment policies, a Fund (except for the PIMCO Government Money Market and PIMCO Total Return IV Funds) may invest in residual interest bonds without limitation. The term “residual interest bonds” generally includes tender option bond trust residual interest certificates and instruments designed to receive residual interest payments or other excess cash flows from collateral pools once other interest holders and expenses have been paid.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years’ inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Funds also may invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.
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The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.
Event-Linked Exposure
Certain Funds may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in “event-linked bonds” or “event-linked swaps,” or by implementing “event-linked strategies.” Event-linked exposure results in gains that typically are contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific “trigger” event, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other physical or weather-related phenomena. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” They may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in connection with a reinsurance transaction). If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, a Fund investing in the bond may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, a Fund will recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices, or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often the event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory, or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds also may expose a Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer risk, credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, and adverse tax consequences.
Event-linked bonds are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these instruments will develop. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that a Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. Event-linked bonds are typically rated, and a Fund will only invest in catastrophe bonds that meet the credit quality requirements for a Fund.
Convertible Securities
Each Fund (except the PIMCO Government Money Market Fund) may invest in convertible securities, which may offer higher income than the common stocks into which they are convertible.
A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred security, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt or
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preferred securities, as applicable. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. In addition, convertible securities are often lower-rated securities.
Because of the conversion feature, the price of the convertible security will normally fluctuate in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and as such is subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. The income component of a convertible security may tend to cushion the security against declines in the price of the underlying asset. However, the income component of convertible securities causes fluctuations based upon changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer.
If the convertible security’s “conversion value,” which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained upon the conversion of the convertible security, is substantially below the “investment value,” which is the value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield), the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. If the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will be principally influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
A third party or PIMCO also may create a “synthetic” convertible security by combining separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (“income-producing component”) and the right to acquire an equity security (“convertible component”). The income-producing component is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred securities and money market instruments, which may be represented by derivative instruments. The convertible component is achieved by investing in securities or instruments such as warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a single market value, a synthetic convertible comprises two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the “market value” of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its income-producing component and its convertible component. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible security and a traditional convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.
More flexibility is possible in the assembly of a synthetic convertible security than in the purchase of a convertible security. Although synthetic convertible securities may be selected where the two components are issued by a single issuer, thus making the synthetic convertible security similar to the traditional convertible security, the character of a synthetic convertible security allows the combination of components representing distinct issuers, when PIMCO believes that such a combination may better achieve a Fund’s investment objective. A synthetic convertible security also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately. For example, a Fund may purchase a warrant for inclusion in a synthetic convertible security but temporarily hold short-term investments while postponing the purchase of a corresponding bond pending development of more favorable market conditions.
A holder of a synthetic convertible security faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index involved in the convertible component, causing a decline in the value of the security or instrument, such as a call option or warrant, purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the call option or warrant would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the income-producing component as well, the holder of a synthetic convertible security also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the income-producing instrument.
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A Fund also may purchase synthetic convertible securities created by other parties, including convertible structured notes. Convertible structured notes are income-producing debentures linked to equity, and are typically issued by investment banks. Convertible structured notes have the attributes of a convertible security; however, the investment bank that issues the convertible note, rather than the issuer of the underlying common stock into which the note is convertible, assumes credit risk associated with the underlying investment, and a Fund in turn assumes credit risk associated with the convertible note.
Contingent Convertible Instruments.Contingent convertible securities (“CoCos”) are a form of hybrid debt security that are intended to either convert into equity or have their principal written down (including potentially to zero) upon the occurrence of certain “triggers.” The triggers are generally linked to regulatory capital thresholds or regulatory actions calling into question the issuing banking institution’s continued viability as a going-concern. CoCos’ unique equity conversion or principal write-down features are tailored to the issuing banking institution and its regulatory requirements. Some additional risks associated with CoCos include, but are not limited to:
Loss absorption risk.CoCos have fully discretionary coupons. This means coupons can potentially be cancelled at the banking institution’s discretion or at the request of the relevant regulatory authority in order to help the bank absorb losses.
Subordinated instruments.CoCos will, in the majority of circumstances, be issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments in order to provide the appropriate regulatory capital treatment prior to a conversion. Accordingly, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion having occurred, the rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos, such as the Funds, against the issuer in respect of or arising under the terms of the CoCos shall generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of unsubordinated obligations of the issuer and may also become junior to other obligations of the issuer. In addition, if the CoCos are converted into the issuer’s underlying equity securities following a conversion event (i.e., a “trigger”), each holder will be subordinated due to their conversion from being the holder of a debt instrument to being the holder of an equity instrument.
Market value will fluctuate based on unpredictable factors.The value of CoCos is unpredictable and will be influe