Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF

Ticker Symbol: MOOD

 

 

Prospectus

 

 

May 19, 2022

 

Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF   1
Additional Information About The Fund   8
Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objective and Strategies   8
Additional Information about the Fund’s Risks   9
Fund Management   16
Other Service Providers   18
The Exchange   18
Buying and Selling Fund Shares   18
Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market   19
Active Investors and Market Timing   20
Distribution and Service Plan   20
Net Asset Value   21
Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings   21
Investments by Other Investment Companies   22
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes   22
Financial Highlights   24

 

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Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF

 

Fund Summary

 

 

Investment Objective

 

Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees And Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

         
Management Fee     0.65 %
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees     0.00 %
Other Expenses1     0.00 %
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses2     0.06 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses     0.71 %

 

 

1 Other Expenses are estimated for the current fiscal year.
2 “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are indirect fees and expenses that the Fund incurs from investing in the shares of other investment companies.

 

Example

 

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same. You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  One Year: Three Years:  
  $73 $227  

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. At the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and portfolio turnover data therefore is not available.

 

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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (ETF). The Fund’s investment strategy is to seek to grow capital by tactically investing in other ETFs that invest in equity, bond, and gold based on “relative sentiment” factors. In the view of the Fund’s sub-adviser (Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC, also referred to as the Sub-Adviser), relative sentiment measures the difference in sentiment between institutional investors and retail investors. The Sub-Adviser uses both public and third-party data sources to assess investor sentiment, including how those sentiments compare among institutional and retail investors. Some of the data sources used by the Sub-Adviser will differ in how they define or otherwise classify retail and institutional investors. For example, some public data sources capture and report trading information of investors who exceed certain prescribed regulatory transaction reporting thresholds. For purposes of the Fund, the Sub-Adviser would consider investors that exceed the regulatory transaction reporting thresholds to be institutional investors and those who do not exceed the applicable thresholds would be considered retail investors. Other third-party data sources will use different criteria in classifying retail and institutional investors. The Sub-Adviser will analyze such third-party data based on the source of the information and how it was compilated.

 

In the Sub-Adviser’s view, when relative sentiment increases for particular asset classes (like U.S. and foreign equity securities), that suggests institutions have become more bullish on those asset classes than retail investors generally. Conversely, when relative sentiment decreases, that suggests institutions have become more bearish on those asset classes compared to retail investors generally. The Fund’s portfolio will be tactically allocated among passively-managed U.S. and foreign, developed market, equity ETFs, bond ETFs, and, in some instances, gold exchange-traded products (ETPs) as described more below. That is, the Sub-Adviser will seek to allocate the Fund’s portfolio among the foregoing assets classes depending on whether they are then-currently more favored by institutional investors than by retail investors.

 

As noted above, the Fund’s portfolio will be comprised of ETFs that track broad equity indices, broad bond indices, and, in some instances, ETPs that invest in gold, all based on a suite of relative sentiment indicators.

 

Equity Allocation Determination

 

In general, the Sub-Adviser determines the Fund’s equity allocation by taking the average of the following four indicators, each of which can range from 0% (extreme relative bearishness) to 100% (extreme relative bullishness):

 

  1. Position-based relative sentiment indicator: This indicator measures relative sentiment of equity securities based on public data that reflect the relative holdings of institutional and retail investors in equities, long-duration bonds, and along the yield curve. Generally speaking, if, based on the data reviewed by the Sub-Adviser, institutional investors’ portfolios hold more equity securities than on average, and retail investors’ portfolios hold less equity securities than on average, that factor tends to suggest institutions are more relatively bullish on equities than retail investors.

 

  2. Survey-based relative sentiment indicator: This indicator uses third-party data to measure relative sentiment of equity securities using the results of economic survey data from institutional and retail investors. The third-party surveys focus on investors’ perceptions of the economic health of the following regions: United States, Europe, Japan, and Asia (ex-Japan). The Sub-Adviser uses an ensemble of publicly available machine learning algorithms to analyze the data (found by taking the difference in economic sentiment between institutional and retail investors across all four regions, respectively). Machine learning algorithms refer to technologies that enable a computer to “learn” from data it has processed to incorporate different assumptions or past experience into future computations or analyses. The Sub-Adviser analyzes the output of machine learning algorithms and identifies the results that are statistically significant. The Sub-Adviser then averages the outputs, which reflect forecasted equity allocations ranging from 0% and 100%, of the statistically significant models applied to U.S. equities to arrive at the target allocation for this indicator.

 

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The Sub-Adviser then runs the same analysis for European equities and compares the target equity allocations between the U.S. and Europe to determine how the overall equity allocation will be distributed across U.S. and foreign, developed markets equities. For example, if the algorithms reflect equal institutional relative sentiment between U.S. and foreign, developed markets equity securities, the Fund’s equity allocation will generally be equally allocated between U.S. equity ETFs and foreign, developed market equity ETFs. If the results reflect a greater (lesser) institutional sentiment in U.S. securities, the Fund’s equity allocation will generally reflect a corresponding higher (lower) weighting in U.S. equity market ETFs.

 

  3. Cross-asset relative sentiment indicator: This indicator estimates relative sentiment of equity securities indirectly via the relative sentiment of certain non-equity assets (e.g., bonds, currencies, and commodities) that have historically been correlated to equities. For example, bullish relative sentiment in natural gas has typically been bullish for equities.

 

  4. Retail macro sentiment indicator: This indicator measures the sentiment of retail investors on various commodities that are generally correlated with growth and inflation. When retail investors are very bullish, that tends to correlate with these commodities having performed very well—which suggests inflationary pressures are rising and historically that has been bad for equities moving forward. Conversely, if retail investors are very bearish on the select commodities, that suggests these commodities have been doing poorly, which tends to mean deflationary pressures are rising. Equities have tended to do poorly in this case as well. If the retail investor sentiment in these select commodities is neither too hot nor too cold, equities have tended to do well going forward. So, this indicator aggregates that information into a summary allocation that rises when sentiment is in a “goldilocks” zone and decreases outside of that zone.

 

As noted above, each of the foregoing four indicators will result in a value that ranges from 0% to 100%. The Sub-Adviser uses the average of the four indicators to recommend the Fund’s allocation to equity securities. In general, the indicator average will increase when institutions are more relatively bullish toward risk assets than retail investors (and vice versa).

 

As noted above, the Sub-Adviser will recommend the Fund’s equity allocations between U.S. equity ETFs and foreign, developed market equity ETFs based on the results of the survey indicator (the second indicator described above) as applied to U.S. and foreign equity securities. The Sub-Adviser will invest the Fund’s U.S. equity allocation in the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund and/or the iShares Core S&P Trust U.S. Stock Market ETF. The Sub-Adviser will invest the Fund’s allocation to foreign, developed market equity in the iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF and/or the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund.

 

Bond and Gold Allocations

 

Once the Sub-Adviser has determined the Fund’s equity allocation, the Sub-Adviser will recommend that the Fund allocate the remainder of its portfolio to broad-based bond ETFs and in, some instances, to gold exchange-traded products (EDPs). The Sub-Adviser will allocate the Fund’s bond investments in liquid, low-cost ETFs that invest in high-quality fixed income instruments (e.g., U.S. government and investment grade bonds) and liquid, low-cost ETFs that invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”) based on the degree of retail macro sentiment in commodities. The retail macro sentiment in commodities is reflective of inflationary (or deflationary) pressures so as this sentiment increases (i.e., more bullish) the Sub-Adviser will increase the allocation to TIPS ETFs and vice versa.

 

The Sub-Adviser will invest the Fund’s bond allocation in the iShares Core US Aggregate Bond ETF and/or Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund. The Sub-Adviser will invest the Fund’s TIPS allocation in the Schwab U.S. TIPS ETF and/or iShares TIPS Bond ETF. The Sub-Adviser will invest the Fund’s gold allocation in the SPDR Gold MiniShares and/or GraniteShares Gold Trust. The Sub-Adviser will recommend that the Fund’s portfolio hold gold ETPs when the following two sentiment conditions are met:

 

  1. U.S. dollar relative sentiment: Relative sentiment in the U.S. dollar is bearish. The Sub-Adviser measures U.S. dollar relative sentiment directly by looking at how institutional and retail traders are positioned in the U.S. dollar index futures.

 

  2. Federal Reserve policy sentiment: Real 10-year interest rates are declining over a multi-week time period.

 

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If both of the foregoing conditions are met, the Sub-Adviser will generally evenly allocate the Fund’s non-equity holdings between bond ETFs and gold ETPs but will generally limit gold ETP holdings to approximately 20% of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

The Sub-Adviser may also allocate to gold ETPs if the Equity Allocation Determination, as described above, is less than 50%.

 

Reallocations

 

The Sub-Adviser recomputes each of the aforementioned indicators on a weekly basis, except the survey-based equity relative sentiment indicator (the second indicator above) is recomputed monthly because the underlying data is released monthly. To minimize portfolio turnover, the Sub-Adviser will generally reallocate the Fund’s holdings only if the results of relative sentiment indicator calculations reflect material deviations from the Fund’s then-current portfolio holdings.

 

The Fund will be considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund.

 

Principal Risks

 

An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. More complete risk descriptions are set forth below under the heading “Additional Information About the Fund’s Risks”.

 

Investment Risk. When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. The Fund could lose money due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during market downturns. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular asset classes or industries represented in the markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or to factors that affect a particular industry or group of industries. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Equity Investing Risk. An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments. In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.

 

Quantitative Security Selection & Model Risk. Data for some investors’ holdings or sentiments may be less available and/or less current than data used by other investment advisory firms. The Sub-Adviser uses quantitative analyses, and its processes could be adversely affected if erroneous or outdated data is utilized. Moreover, the data utilized to evaluate investor sentiment will reflect data that is collected by regulators and other third-parties. This data may be incomplete or incorrect and therefore could be inaccurate in whole or in part. If the data is incomplete or incorrect, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities that would have been excluded or included had the data been more comprehensive. In addition, securities selected using a quantitative analysis could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic, and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund.

 

Large-Capitalization Companies Risk. Large-capitalization companies may trail the returns of the overall stock market. Large-capitalization stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better - or worse - than the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years.

 

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Foreign Investment Risk. Returns on investments in underlying ETFs that invest foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, ETFs that invest in U.S. securities. Investments in or exposures to foreign securities are subject to special risks, including risks associated with foreign securities generally, including differences in information available about issuers of securities and investor protection standards applicable in other jurisdictions; capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; currency risks; political, diplomatic and economic risks; regulatory risks; and foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risks. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

Bond Risks. In general, the Fund will be subject to bond and fixed income risks. When relative sentiment in equities is “bearish,” those risks will be heightened, because the Fund will invest a higher percentage of its assets in underlying bond ETFs.

 

Changes in interest rates generally will cause the value of fixed-income and bond instruments held by underlying ETFs to vary inversely to such changes. For example, as interest rates increase, bond prices generally will decrease. The historically low interest rate environment heightens the risks associated with rising interest rates. Prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed income instruments as interest rates change. Fixed-income instruments that are fixed-rate are generally more susceptible than floating rate loans to price volatility related to changes in prevailing interest rates. The prices of floating rate fixed-income instruments tend to have less fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates, but will have some fluctuation, particularly when the next interest rate adjustment on such security is further away in time or adjustments are limited in amount over time. Underlying ETFs may invest in short-term securities that, when interest rates decline, affect the ETF’s yield as these securities mature or are sold and the ETF purchases new short-term securities with lower yields. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow.

 

An overview of some of the fixed income and floating rate risks is under the heading - Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objective and Strategies.

 

Gold Risk. The Fund may, from time to time, invest in underlying exchange-traded products that, in turn, invest primary in the gold industry. The prices of gold and gold operation companies are affected by the price of gold as well as other prevailing market conditions. These prices may be volatile, fluctuating substantially over short periods of time. In times of stable economic growth, traditional equity and debt investments could offer greater appreciation potential and the price of gold may be adversely affected.

 

A more complete description of some of the risks associated with investing in gold is under the heading - Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objective and Strategies.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s Shares and greater risk of loss.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy is expected to result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.

 

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Fund of Funds Risk. Because it invests primarily in other funds, the Fund’s investment performance largely depends on the investment performance of the selected underlying exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and exchange-traded products (ETPs). An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the ETFs and ETPs that then-currently comprise the Fund’s portfolio. At times, certain of the segments of the market represented by the Fund’s ETFs and ETPs may be out of favor and underperform other segments. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of the underlying ETFs and ETPs in which it invests (including operating expenses and management fees), which are identified in the fee schedule above as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

Machine Learning Risk. The Fund relies on publicly available “machine learning” selection processes as well as data and information supplied by third parties that are utilized in those processes. To the extent the machine learning process does not perform as designed or as intended, the Fund’s strategy may not be successfully implemented and the Fund may lose value. If the input data is incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities that would have been excluded or included had the data been correct and complete.

 

ETF Risks.

 

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”). The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”) or other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading activity in Shares.

 

Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.

 

Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV.

 

New Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser has no experience with managing an ETF, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. Further, the Sub-Adviser has no experience managing accounts or pooled vehicles. In addition, although the Sub-Adviser has retained third-party vendors to perform certain functions (e.g., compliance services, operations, etc.) employs a single individual and has limited resources, which may prevent it from being able to continue to provide sub-advisory services if the principal becomes incapacitated. Over time, the Sub-Adviser will augment its resources as market conditions permit. In addition, the Sub-Adviser regularly evaluates its business continuity plan with the Adviser to ensure continuity of operations and portfolio management should a disruption to operations occur.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.

 

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PERFORMANCE

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year. When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance. Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information will be available at www.relativesentimentetfs.com.

 

Investment Adviser & Investment Sub-Adviser

 

Investment Adviser: Empowered Funds, LLC (“Adviser”)
Investment Sub-Adviser: Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC (“Sub-Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Dr. Raymond Micaletti of the Sub-Adviser, has been jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since 2022.

 

Dr. Raymond Micaletti provides his recommendations to Messrs. Brandon Koepke and Richard Shaner, Portfolio Managers of the Adviser, who, since 2022, have also been primarily and jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

 

Summary Information about Purchases, Sales, Taxes, and Financial Intermediary Compensation

 

Purchase And Sale Of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 10,000 Shares, called “Creation Units,” and only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem Creation Units. Creation Units generally are issued and redeemed ‘in-kind’ for securities and partially in cash. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day. Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both, unless your investment is in an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.

 

Purchases Through Broker-Dealers And Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Additional Information About The Fund

 

How Is the Fund Different From a Mutual Fund?

 

Redeemability. Mutual fund shares may be bought from, and redeemed with, the issuing fund for cash at NAV typically calculated once at the end of the business day. Shares of the Fund, by contrast, cannot be purchased from or redeemed with the Fund except by or through APs (typically, broker-dealers), and then principally for an in-kind basket of securities (and a limited cash amount). In addition, the Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 10,000 Shares, called “Creation Units.”

 

Exchange Listing. Unlike mutual fund shares, Shares of the Fund will be listed for trading on the Exchange. Investors can purchase and sell Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges. Secondary-market transactions do not occur at NAV, but at market prices that change throughout the day, based on the supply of, and demand for, Shares and on changes in the prices of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market price of Shares may differ from the NAV of the Fund. The difference between market price of Shares and the NAV of the Fund is called a premium when the market price is above the reported NAV and called a discount when the market price is below the reported NAV, and the difference is expected to be small most of the time, though it may be significant, especially in times of extreme market volatility.

 

Tax Treatment. The Fund and the Shares have been designed to be tax-efficient. Specifically, the in-kind creation and redemption feature has been designed to protect Fund shareholders from adverse tax consequences applicable to non-ETF registered investment companies as a result of cash transactions in the non-ETF registered investment company’s shares, including cash redemptions. Nevertheless, to the extent redemptions from the Fund are paid in cash, the Fund may realize capital gains or losses, including in some cases short-term capital gains, upon the sale of portfolio securities to generate the cash to satisfy the redemption.

 

Transparency. The Fund’s portfolio holdings are disclosed on its website daily after the close of trading on the Exchange and prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange the following day. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

Premium/Discount Information. Information about the premiums and discounts at which the Fund’s Shares have traded will be available at www.relativesentimentetfs.com.

 

Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objective and Strategies

 

The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without a vote of shareholders upon prior written notice to shareholders.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions. From time to time, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. In those instances, the Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in cash; short-term U.S. government securities and government agency securities; investment grade money market instruments; money market mutual funds; investment grade fixed income securities; repurchase agreements; commercial paper; cash equivalents; and exchange-traded investment vehicles that principally invest in the foregoing instruments. As a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

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Additional Information about the Fund’s Risks

 

The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of the Fund’s principal investment risks in the sections titled “Fund Summary—Principal Investment Risks” above.

 

Bond Risks. The Fund will be subject to one or more of the following risks.

 

Bond Risks. Certain underlying ETFs may invest in debt obligations traded in U.S., which are subject to one or more of the following risks:

 

Credit Risk: Bonds are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. The value of an issuer’s securities held by an underlying ETF may decline in response to adverse developments with respect to the issuer. In addition, an ETF could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a bond is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and interest payments or to otherwise honor its obligations.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The income generated by debt securities owned by an underlying ETF will be affected by changing interest rates. In addition, as interest rates rise the values of fixed income securities held by an underlying ETF are likely to decrease. For example, as interest rates increase, bond prices generally will decrease. The historically low interest rate environment heightens the risks associated with rising interest rates. Securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. Falling interest rates may cause an issuer to redeem or “call” a security before its stated maturity, which may result in an underlying ETF having to reinvest the proceeds in lower yielding securities. Rising interest rates across the U.S. financial system may result in fixed-income markets becoming more volatile. A rise in rates tends to have a greater impact on the prices of longer term or duration securities. Interest rates have recently been historically low, so an underlying ETF faces a heightened risk that rates may rise.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Markets may become illiquid when, for example, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. An underlying ETF’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the return of an underlying ETF because it may be unable to sell such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in foreign securities, derivatives (e.g., options on securities, securities indexes, and foreign currencies) and securities with substantial market or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value.

 

Prepayment. Many types of debt securities, including mortgage securities, are subject to prepayment risk. Prepayment risk occurs when the issuer of a security can repay principal prior to the security’s maturity. Securities subject to prepayment can offer less potential for gains during a declining interest rate environment and similar or greater potential for loss in a rising interest rate environment. In addition, the potential impact of prepayment features on the price of a debt security can be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility.

 

Issuer-Specific Changes. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular type of security or issuer, and changes in general economic or political conditions can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or instrument’s credit quality or value. Entities providing credit support or a maturity-shortening structure also can be affected by these types of changes, and if the structure of a security fails to function as intended, the security could decline in value.

 

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Mortgage and Asset-Backed Securities Risks. Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities are subject to certain additional risks, which may affect the underlying ETF’s investment and its performance. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, when holding mortgage- and asset-backed securities in a period of rising interest rates, an underlying ETF may exhibit additional volatility. In addition, mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of an underlying ETF because it will have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. When interest rates rise, prepayments may decline, resulting in longer-than-anticipated maturities.

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk. Underlying ETFs may invest in U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to relevant underlying ETFs and, in turn, the Fund.

 

Municipal Securities. Investments in municipal securities are subject to events in the relevant state(s) and U.S. territories, which may affect the underlying ETF’s investment and its performance. These events may include economic or political policy changes, tax base erosion, unfunded pension and healthcare liabilities, constitutional limits on tax increases, budget deficits and other financial difficulties, and changes in the credit ratings assigned to municipal issuers of states in question.

 

An underlying ETF may invest in municipal securities that finance similar types of projects, such as utilities, hospitals, higher education, real estate and transportation. A change that affects one project, such as proposed legislation on the financing of the project, a shortage of the materials needed for the project, or a declining need for the project, would likely affect all similar projects, thereby increasing market risk.

 

The failure of a municipal security issuer to comply with applicable tax requirements may make income paid thereon taxable, resulting in a decline in the security’s value. In addition, there could be changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on municipal securities or otherwise adversely affect the current federal or state tax status of municipal securities.

 

An investment in an underlying ETF is subject to the risk that its distributions may decline when prevailing interest rates fall, when the ETF experiences defaults on debt securities it holds, or when the ETF realizes a loss upon the sale of a debt security.

 

Municipal securities are also subject to the risk that bond insurers may be unable to cover losses, especially in the case of a catastrophic event. Due to the consolidation among municipal bond insurers and underlying ETF is subject to additional risks including the risk that credit risk may be concentrated among fewer insurers and the risk that events involving one or more municipal bond insurers could have a significant adverse effect on the value of the securities insured by an insurer and on the municipal markets as a whole.

 

  Inflation-Linked Debt Securities. Inflation-linked securities include fixed and floating rate debt securities of varying maturities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, such as Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (“TIPS”). Typically, these securities are structured as fixed income investments whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. The following two structures are common: (i) the U.S. Treasury and some other issuers issue inflation-linked securities that accrue inflation into the principal value of the security and (ii) other issuers may pay out the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semi-annual coupon. Other types of inflation-linked securities exist which use an inflation index other than the CPI.

 

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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of TIPS, even during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Other inflation-related bonds exist which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

 

ETF Risks.

 

  APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
     
  Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund’s Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund’s Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads.
     
  Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their NAV. The NAV of the Fund will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The market prices of Shares, however, will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange and other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading in Shares. The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares will be closely related to, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities held by the Fund. However, given that Shares can be purchased and redeemed in large blocks of Shares, called Creation Units (unlike shares of closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their NAV), and the Fund’s portfolio holdings are fully disclosed on a daily basis, the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of Shares should not be sustained, but that may not be the case.
     
  Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. Further, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13% and 20%). There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

 

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Equity Investing Risk. An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments. Different types of equity securities tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the general securities markets. In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally. Recent turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund.

 

Foreign Investment Risk. The underlying ETFs may invest in foreign securities, including non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded outside of the United States and U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States. Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Investments in foreign securities, including investments in ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs, are subject to special risks, including the following:

 

  Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Changes to the financial condition or credit rating of foreign issuers may also adversely affect the value of an underlying ETF’s securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when an underlying ETF does not price its Shares, the value of the securities in an underlying ETF’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell an underlying ETF’s Shares. Conversely, shares of underlying ETFs may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Each of these factors can make investments in an underlying ETF more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.
     
  Developed Market Risk. Many developed market countries have recently experienced significant economic pressures. Developed market countries generally tend to rely on the services sectors (e.g., the financial services sector) as the primary source of economic growth and may be susceptible to the risks of individual service sectors. Recently, new concerns have emerged with respect to the economic health of certain developed countries. These concerns primarily stem from heavy indebtedness of many developed countries and their perceived inability to continue to service high debt loads without simultaneously implementing stringent austerity measures. Such concerns have led to tremendous downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Spending on health, health care and retirement pensions in most developed countries has risen dramatically over the last few years. Medical innovation, extended life expectancy and higher public expectations are likely to continue the increase in health care and pension costs. Any increase in health care and pension costs will likely have a negative impact on the economic growth of many developed countries. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries. In addition, heavy regulation of, among others, labor and product markets may have an adverse effect on certain issuers. Such regulations may negatively affect economic growth or cause prolonged periods of recession.
     
    In a referendum held in 2016, the United Kingdom resolved to leave the EU, an event commonly known as “Brexit.” The United Kingdom officially left the EU on January 31, 2020. However, in December, 2020, the United Kingdom and the EU successfully reached a trade and cooperation agreement. Under that agreement, there will not be any tariffs levied or restrictive quotas imposed, but there will be new customs and regulatory checks, which will increase the burden on trading partners between the United Kingdom and the EU. The economic impact of Brexit is still uncertain, and additional economic stresses for the United Kingdom. The potential remains for decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty, and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. The short- and long-term effect of the withdrawal and new relationship may negatively impact an ETF’s investment in the region.

 

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  Capital Controls Risk. Economic conditions, such as volatile currency exchange rates and interest rates, political events and other conditions may, without prior warning, lead to government intervention and the imposition of “capital controls” or expropriation or nationalization of assets. The possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions, might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Capital controls include the prohibition of, or restrictions on, the ability to transfer currency, securities or other assets within or out of a jurisdiction. Levies may be placed on profits repatriated by foreign entities (such as an underlying ETF). Capital controls may impact the ability of an underlying ETF to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities or currency, may adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares of an underlying ETF, and may cause an underlying ETF to decline in value.
     
  Depositary Receipt Risk. An underlying ETF’s investments in foreign companies may be in the form of depositary receipts, including ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs. ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are generally subject to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities and, in some cases, there may be less information available about the underlying issuers than would be the case with a direct investment in the foreign issuer. ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts representing shares of foreign-based corporations. GDRs are similar to ADRs but are shares of foreign-based corporations generally issued by international banks in one or more markets around the world. Investment in ADRs and GDRs may be more or less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and GDRs may be more volatile. Depositary receipts may be “sponsored” or “unsponsored” and may be unregistered and unlisted. Sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer, whereas unsponsored depositary receipts may be established by a depositary without participation by the underlying issuer. Holders of an unsponsored depositary receipt generally bear all the costs associated with establishing the unsponsored depositary receipt. In addition, the issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. In general, ADRs must be sponsored, but an underlying ETF may invest in unsponsored ADRs. And underlying ETF’s investments may also include ADRs and GDRs that are not purchased in the public markets and are restricted securities that can be offered and sold only to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
     
  Currency Risk. Each underlying ETF’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars; therefore, an underlying ETF may lose value if the local currency of a foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, even if the local currency value of the underlying ETF’s holdings goes up. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention; by failure to intervene by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks; or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the NAV of the underlying ETFs and the price of the underlying ETF’s shares. Devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority would have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency.
     
  Political and Economic Risk. An underlying ETF that invests in foreign securities is subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events (civil unrest, national elections, changes in political conditions and foreign relations, imposition of exchange controls and repatriation restrictions), social and economic events (labor strikes, rising inflation) and natural disasters occurring in a foreign country could cause the underlying ETF’s investments to experience gains or losses. An underlying ETF also could be unable to enforce its ownership rights or pursue legal remedies in countries where it invests.
     
  Foreign Market and Trading Risk. The trading markets for many foreign securities are not as active as U.S. markets and may have less governmental regulation and oversight. Foreign markets also may have clearance and settlement procedures that make it difficult for an underlying ETF to buy and sell securities. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the underlying ETF’s assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. These factors could result in a loss to the underlying ETF by causing it to be unable to dispose of an investment or to miss an attractive investment opportunity, or by causing underlying ETF assets to be uninvested for some period of time.

 

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Fund of Funds Risk. Because the Fund invests primarily in other ETFs and ETPs, the Fund’s investment performance largely depends on the investment performance of its underlying ETFs and ETPs. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the ETFs and ETPs that comprise the Fund’s portfolio. As noted above, the risks described in this prospectus apply to the Fund directly and/or indirectly via its investments in one or more ETFs (e.g., fixed income risk) or ETPs (e.g., gold risk). At times, certain of the segments of the market represented by ETFs and ETPs in the Fund’s portfolio may be out of favor and underperform other segments. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of the underlying ETFs and ETPs in which it invests (including operating expenses and management fees), which are identified in the fee schedule in the Summary section above as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

A passively managed ETF is an investment company whose goal generally is to track or replicate a desired index, such as a market or global segment. ETFs are traded on exchanges and trade similarly to publicly-traded companies. ETFs also have risks and costs that are similar to publicly-traded companies. The goal of many ETFs is to correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses of its underlying index. The risk of not correlating to the index is an additional risk borne by the investors of such ETFs. Because ETFs trade on an exchange, they may not trade at net asset value (“NAV”). Sometimes, the prices of ETFs may vary significantly from the NAVs of the ETF’s underlying securities. An actively managed ETF’s performance will reflect its adviser’s ability to make investment decisions that are suited to achieving the ETF’s investment objectives.

 

Certain ETFs may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” (as defined below under the heading “Taxes”) which must be met in order for each Fund to maintain its status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If one or more ETFs generates more non-qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” than the Fund’s portfolio management expects, it could cause the Fund to inadvertently fail the “Income Requirement” thereby causing the Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.

 

The Fund may hold ETPs to gain exposure to gold. As a result, when the Fund invests indirectly in gold via EDPs, the Fund is subject to the same risks as the underlying ETPs. While the risks of owning shares of an underlying ETP generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying commodities contracts and exposure the ETP holds, lack of liquidity in an underlying ETP can result in its value being more volatile than the metal itself. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETPs. ETPs that invest in commodities contracts and exposure may be, or may become, subject to regulatory trading limits that could hurt the value of their securities and could affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment program as described in this prospectus. Additionally, ETPs are not registered under the 1940 Act and therefore, are not subject to the regulatory scheme and investor protections of the 1940 Act. Income derived from commodities is generally not qualifying income for purposes of the regulated investment company (“RIC”) gross income tests under the Code. Although income derived from ETPs that are treated as foreign corporations for U.S. tax purposes is expected to be qualifying income, future legislation or guidance may treat this income as not so qualifying.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risks. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

The respiratory illness COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus has resulted in a global pandemic and major disruption to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. Financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. Some interest rates are very low and in some cases yields are negative. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. These circumstances may continue for an extended period of time, and may affect adversely the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.

 

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Gold Risk. A variety of factors may affect the price of gold, including: (i) global gold supply and demand, which is influenced by such factors as forward selling by gold producers, purchases made by gold producers to unwind gold hedge positions, central bank purchases and sales, and production and cost levels in major gold-producing countries such as South Africa, the United States and Australia; (ii) global or regional political, economic or financial events and situations; (iii) investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; (iv) currency exchange rates; (v) interest rates; and (vi) investment and trading activities of hedge funds and commodity funds.

 

The international gold markets are subject to sharp price fluctuations, which may result in potential losses if you need to sell your Shares at a time when the Fund’s portfolio holds gold (indirectly through financial instruments) and the price of gold is lower than it was when the made its investment. Gold markets also have experienced extended periods of flat or declining prices. As a result, even if the Fund holds gold investments for the long-term, it may never experience a profit on those holdings. In addition, investors should be aware that there is no assurance that gold will maintain its long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future. If the price of gold declines, and the Fund then currently holds gold related investments, the Sub-Adviser expects the value of the Fund to decline proportionately.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may from time to time result in higher turnover rates. This may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Rapid portfolio turnover also exposes shareholders to a higher current realization of short-term capital gains, distributions of which would generally be taxed to you as ordinary income and thus cause you to pay higher taxes.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Funds may be more sensitive to a single economic, business, political, regulatory or other occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of each Fund’s shares and to a greater risk of loss.

 

Investment Risk. When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. The Fund could lose money due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during market downturns. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular asset classes or industries represented in the markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or to factors that affect a particular industry or group of industries. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Large-Capitalization Companies Risk. Large-capitalization companies may trail the returns of the overall stock market. Large-capitalization stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better - or worse - than the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years.

 

Machine Learning Risk. The Fund relies on publicly available “machine learning” selection processes as well as data and information supplied by third parties that are utilized in those processes. To the extent the machine learning process does not perform as designed or as intended, the Fund’s strategy may not be successfully implemented and the Fund may lose value. If the input data is incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities that would have been excluded or included had the data been correct and complete.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively-managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Adviser’s and Sub-Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market trends. The Adviser will generally follow Sub-Adviser’s investment recommendations to buy, hold, and sell securities and financial instruments. However, the Adviser may deviate from Sub-Adviser recommendations due to a clear error in a particular recommendation, compliance concerns (e.g., concentration limits), liquidity concerns, authorized participant-related concerns, or due to regulatory requirements.

 

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New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized, diversified management investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size.

 

New Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser has no experience with managing an ETF, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. Further, the Sub-Adviser has no experience managing accounts or pooled investment vehicles. In addition, although the Sub-Adviser has retained third-party vendors (e.g., compliance services, operations, etc.), the Sub-Adviser currently has only one employee and limited resources, which may prevent it from being able to continue to provide sub-advisory services if the principal becomes incapacitated. Over time, the Sub-Adviser will augment its resources as market conditions permit. In addition, the Sub-Adviser regularly evaluates its business continuity plan with the Adviser to ensure continuity of operations and portfolio management should a disruption to operations occur.

 

Quantitative Security Selection & Model Risk. Data used by the Sub-Adviser may be less available and/or less current than data used by other investment advisory firms. The Sub-Adviser uses quantitative models, and the processes could be adversely affected if erroneous or outdated data is utilized. In addition, securities selected using a quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic, and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends. The factors used in such analyses may not be predictive of an underlying ETF’s future value and its effectiveness can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the relevant quantitative model. There may also be technical issues with the construction and implementation of quantitative models (for example, software or other technology malfunctions, or programming inaccuracies). There can be no assurance that quantitative security selection will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

 

Fund Management

 

Investment Adviser

 

Empowered Funds, LLC acts as the Fund’s investment adviser. The Adviser is located at 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083 and is wholly-owned by Alpha Architect LLC. The Adviser is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and provides investment advisory services solely to the Fund and other ETFs. The Adviser was founded in October, 2013.

 

The Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management and business affairs of the Fund, and has discretion to purchase and sell securities in accordance with the Fund’s objectives, policies and restrictions. The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Fund’s investment programs pursuant to the terms of investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser. Because the Fund has not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus, the Adviser did not receive a fee during the last fiscal year. The Adviser is entitled to receive the following Advisory Fee: 0.65%, which is shown as an annual rate as a percentage of average daily net assets.

 

The Adviser (or an affiliate of the Adviser) bears all of the Adviser’s own costs associated with providing these advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes (including tax-related services), interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense (including class action-related services), and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses.

 

The Advisory Agreement for the Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

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Investment Sub-Adviser

 

Sub-Adviser: The Adviser has retained Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”), an investment adviser registered with the SEC, to provide sub-advisory services for the Fund. The Sub-Adviser is organized as a Puerto Rico limited liability company with its principal offices located at 17 Urb Costa Verde, Humacao, Puerto Rico, and was founded in 2021. The Sub-Adviser became an SEC-registered investment adviser in 2022. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for recommending the investments for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board. The Sub-Adviser will perform its services as a non-discretionary sub-adviser, which means that the Sub-Adviser will not be responsible for selecting brokers or placing the Fund’s trades. Rather, the Sub-Adviser will provide trade recommendations to the Adviser and, in turn, the Adviser will be responsible for selecting brokers and placing the Fund’s trades. It is anticipated that the Adviser will generally adhere to the Sub-Adviser’s recommendations.

 

For its services, the Adviser pays the Sub-Adviser a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets as follows: 0.33%.

 

Fund Sponsor

 

The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with the Sub-Adviser, Relative Sentiment Technologies, LLC, pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser is also the sponsor of the Fund (“Fund Sponsor”). Under this arrangement, the Fund Sponsor is entitled to any Fund profits after the Advisory Fee and certain Adviser expenses are paid. Every month, the unitary management fee is calculated and paid to the Adviser.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee exceeds the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, the Adviser pays the net total to the Fund Sponsor. The amount paid to the Fund Sponsor represents both the sub-advisory fee and any profits from the Fund. During months where there are no Fund profits or the funds are not sufficient to cover the entire sub-advisory fee, the Sub-Advisory fee is automatically waived.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee is less than the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, the Sub-Adviser is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for the shortfall.

 

Approval of Advisory Agreement & Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement and the sub-advisory agreement with respect to the Fund will be made available in the Fund’s annual report or semi-annual report.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

The portfolio managers are jointly and primarily responsible for various functions related to portfolio management, including, but not limited to, making recommendations (or implementing) with respect to the following: investing cash inflows, implementing investment strategy, researching and reviewing investment strategy, and overseeing members of the portfolio management team with more limited responsibilities.

 

Dr. Raymond Micaletti has been portfolio manager of the Fund since 2022. He provides his recommendations to Mr. Brandon Koepke, portfolio manager of the Adviser. Dr. Micaletti is the founder and CEO of the Sub-Adviser. He has over 20 years’ experience at major investment banks, hedge funds, and asset management firms. Since 2003 his focus has been on the development of systematic trading strategies. He started at Fortress Investment Group, where from 2004-2008 he developed and managed a suite of quantitative global long/short equity strategies. From 2009 to 2014—first at Macrosignal and later at Telluride Asset Management—he built and traded an ensemble of systematic short-term global macro strategies.

 

In mid-2014, he turned his attention to global tactical asset allocation at AUA Capital (the Goya Foods’ family office). It was here that he began his research into relative sentiment strategies. In August 2017, he became co-Chief Investment Officer of Columbus Macro, where he continued to refine his ensemble of tactical indicators. He is currently the Chief Investment Officer of Allio Fintech, a startup firm building a micro-investing application.

 

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Mr. Brandon Koepke has been portfolio manager of the Fund since 2022. Mr. Koepke has advised on trading and execution matters for the Adviser since January 2017, where he heads the trading department and assists in quantitative research. Prior to Mr. Koepke’s tenure with the Adviser, Mr. Koepke was a software engineer for Amazon. Mr. Koepke has a B.Sc in Computer Science and a B.Comm specializing in Finance from the University of Calgary. A B.Comm degree is an undergraduate degree in commerce and related subjects. He is also a CFA® Charterholder.

 

Mr. Richard Shaner has been portfolio manager of the Fund since 2022. Mr. Shaner has advised on trading and execution matters for the Adviser since January 2021, where he supports trading operations and assists in quantitative research. Prior to Mr. Shaner’s tenure with the Adviser, Mr. Shaner executed various trading strategies for a private family office. Mr. Shaner has a B.Sc in Kinesiology and Applied Physiology from the University of Colorado. He is also a CFA® Charterholder.

 

Messrs. Koepke and Shaner are responsible for implementing the Fund’s investment strategies.

 

The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts each manages, their ownership in the Fund, and compensation.

 

Other Service Providers

 

Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Distributor”) serves as the distributor of Creation Units (defined above) for the Fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, is the administrator, fund accountant, and transfer agent for the Fund.

 

U.S. Bank National Association is the custodian for the Fund.

 

Practus, LLP, 11300 Tomahawk Creek Pkwy, Suite 310, Leawood, KS, 66211, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

Spicer Jeffries LLP, 4601 DTC Boulevard, Suite 700, Denver CO 80237, serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Fund.

 

The Exchange

 

Shares of the Fund are not sponsored, endorsed or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated, in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Shares of the Fund to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares of the Fund in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Shares of the Fund. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

 

Buying and Selling Fund Shares

 

Shares will be issued or redeemed by the Fund at NAV per Share only in Creation Units of 10,000 Shares. Creation Units are generally issued and redeemed only in-kind for securities although a portion may be in cash.

 

Shares will trade on the secondary market, however, which is where most retail investors will buy and sell Shares. It is expected that only a limited number of institutional investors, called Authorized Participants or “APs,” will purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund. APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV per Share only in large blocks, or Creation Units. Purchases and redemptions directly with the Fund must follow the Fund’s procedures, which are described in the SAI.

 

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Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable with the Fund.

 

Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market

 

Most investors will buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers and, therefore, must have a brokerage account to buy and sell Shares. Shares can be bought or sold through your broker throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded issuer. The Trust does not impose any redemption fees or restrictions on redemptions of Shares in the secondary market. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for Shares. The price at which you buy or sell Shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the Shares. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest in the Fund and no minimum number of Shares you must buy.

 

Shares of the Fund will be listed on the Exchange under the following symbol:

 

Fund Trading Symbol
Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF MOOD

 

The Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

For information about buying and selling Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets, please contact your broker or dealer.

 

Book Entry. Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), or its nominee, will be the registered owner of all outstanding Shares of the Fund and is recognized as the owner of all Shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any stocks that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income dividends and capital gain distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund.

 

Share Trading Prices. The trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV and can be affected by market forces of supply and demand for the Fund’s Shares, the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities, economic conditions and other factors.

 

The Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or another market information provider intends to disseminate the approximate value of the Fund’s portfolio every fifteen seconds during regular U.S. trading hours. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of the Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day. The quotations for certain investments may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the U.S., except such quotations may be updated to reflect currency fluctuations. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate values and makes no warranty as to the accuracy of these values.

 

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Continuous Offering. The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur at any point. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirements and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with engaging in ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on a national exchange.

 

Active Investors and Market Timing

 

The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by the Fund’s shareholders. The Board noted that the Fund’s Shares can be purchased and redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in the Fund’s Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve the Fund, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Fund’s trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with the Fund, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), the Board noted that those trades do not cause the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to the Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, although in certain circumstances (e.g., in conjunction with a rebalance of the Fund’s investments), such trades may benefit Fund shareholders by increasing the tax efficiency of the Fund. The Board also noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that the Fund’s Shares trade at or close to NAV. In addition, the Fund will impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the Fund’s Shares.

 

Distribution and Service Plan

 

The Fund has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Under the Plan, the Fund may be authorized to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to the Distributor and other firms that provide distribution and shareholder services (“Service Providers”). As of the date of this Prospectus, the maximum amount payable under the Plan is set at 0% until further action by the Board. In the event 12b-1 fees are charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in the Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis.

 

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Net Asset Value

 

The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

 

The Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:

 

Taking the current market value of its total assets,

 

Subtracting any liabilities, and

 

Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.

 

If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.

 

Equity securities that are traded on a national securities exchange, except those listed on the NASDAQ Global Market® (“NASDAQ”) are valued at the last reported sale price on the exchange on which the security is principally traded. Securities traded on NASDAQ will be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded or NASDAQ security does not trade, then the most recent quoted bid for exchange traded or the mean between the most recent quoted bid and ask price for NASDAQ securities will be used. Equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange are generally valued at the last sale price in the over-the-counter market. If a nonexchange traded security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean between the last quoted closing bid and asked price will be used.

 

Redeemable securities issued by open-end investment companies are valued at the investment company’s applicable net asset value, with the exception of exchange-traded open-end investment companies which are priced as equity securities.

 

If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, the Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board.

 

To the extent the Fund holds securities that may trade infrequently, fair valuation may be used more frequently. Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Shares. However, when the Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare the Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.

 

Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Trust maintains a website for the Fund at www.relativesentimentetfs.com. Among other things, the website includes this Prospectus and the SAI, and will include the Fund’s holdings, the Fund’s last annual and semi-annual reports (when available). The website will show the Fund’s daily NAV per share, market price, and premium or discount, each as of the prior business day. The website will also show the extent and frequency of the Fund’s premiums and discounts. Further, the website will include the Fund’s median bid-ask spread over the most recent thirty calendar days.

 

Each day the Fund is open for business, the Trust publicly disseminates the Fund’s full portfolio holdings as of the close of the previous day through its website at www.relativesentimentetfs.com. A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.

 

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Investments by Other Investment Companies

 

For purposes of the Investment Company Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, except as permitted by Rule 6c-11, Rule 12d1-4, or an exemptive order of the SEC.

 

No relief from Section 12(d)(1) is available for investments in the Relative Sentiment Tactical Allocation ETF since it operates as an “ETF of ETFs.”

 

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:

 

Your Fund makes distributions,

 

You sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and

 

You purchase or redeem Creation Units.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Dividends and Distributions. The Fund intends to elect and qualify to be treated each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund expects to declare and to distribute its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends annually. The Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Distributions may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available.

 

Avoid “Buying a Dividend.” At the time you purchase Shares of the Fund, the Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying Shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”

 

Taxes

 

Tax Considerations. The Fund expects, based on its investment objective and strategies, that its distributions, if any, will be taxable as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Shares or receive them in cash. For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gain no matter how long you have owned your Shares. A portion of income dividends reported by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation by individual shareholders at long-term capital gain rates provided certain holding period requirements are met.

 

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Taxes on Sales of Shares. A sale or exchange of Shares is a taxable event and, accordingly, a capital gain or loss may be recognized. Currently, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

 

Medicare Tax. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

 

Backup Withholding. By law, if you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your Shares. The Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 24% of any distributions or proceeds paid.

 

State and Local Taxes. Fund distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.

 

Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units. An AP who exchanges equity securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of purchase and the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and the cash amount paid. A person who exchanges Creation Units for equity securities generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate market value of the securities received and the cash amount received. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

 

Under current federal tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less.

 

If the Fund redeems Creation Units in cash, it may recognize more capital gains than it will if it redeems Creation Units in-kind.

 

Non-U.S. Investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate and U.S. estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding and claim any treaty benefits. An exemption from U.S. withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains, if any. The exemptions from U.S. withholding for interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends have expired for taxable years of the Fund that begin on or after January 1, 2014. It is unclear as of the date of this prospectus whether Congress will reinstate the exemptions for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends or, if reinstated, whether such exemptions would have retroactive effect. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any such dividends and distributions of income and capital gains will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements. Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), the Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on (a) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Shares paid by the Fund, to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of US-owned foreign investment accounts. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of the Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.

 

Possible Tax Law Changes. At the time that this prospectus is being prepared, the coronavirus and COVID-19 are affecting the United States. Various administrative and legislative changes to the federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will be made or what the changes might entail.

 

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This discussion of “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund.

 

Financial Highlights

 

The Fund is newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus and does not have financial highlights to present at this time.

 

If you would like more information about the Fund and the Trust, the following documents are available free, upon request:

 

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders

 

Additional information about the Fund will be in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available. The annual report will explain the market conditions and investment strategies affecting the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The SAI dated May 19, 2022, which contains more details about the Fund, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this Prospectus.

 

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report, when available, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund, please contact us as follows:

 

Call:   (215) 882-9983
     
Write:   19 East Eagle Road
Havertown, PA 19083
     
Visit:   www.relativesentimentetfs.com

 

PAPER COPIES

 

Please note that paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports will generally not be sent, unless you specifically request paper copies of the Fund’s reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

You may elect to receive all future Fund reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of Fund shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.

 

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission

 

Information about the Fund, including its reports and the SAI, has been filed with the SEC. It can be reviewed on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov). You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address ([email protected]) or by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.

 

Investment Company Act File No. 811-22961.

 

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