Direxion Shares ETF Trust

Statement of Additional Information

1301 Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue), 28th Floor

New York, New York 10019

(866) 476-7523

www.direxion.com

The Direxion Shares ETF Trust (“Trust”) is an investment company that offers shares of exchange-traded funds to the public. The shares of the funds offered in this Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) are listed and traded on NYSE Arca, Inc.. This SAI relates to the funds listed below (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”).

3X Bull Funds	3X Bear Funds
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares (MIDU)
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares (SPXL)	Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares (SPXS)
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares (TNA)	Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares (TZA)
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares (HIBL)	Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares (HIBS)
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares (YINN)	Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares (YANG)
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares (EDC)	Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares (EDZ)
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares (EURL)
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares (MEXX)
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares (KORU)
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares (DFEN)
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares (LABU)	Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares (LABD)
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares (WANT)
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares (FAS)	Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares (FAZ)
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares (CURE)
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares (NAIL)
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares (DUSL)
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares (WEBL)	Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares (WEBS)
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares (PILL)
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares (DRN) (formerly Direxion Daily MSCI Real Estate Bull 3X Shares)	Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares (DRV) (formerly Direxion Daily MSCI Real Estate Bear 3X Shares)
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares (DPST)
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares (RETL)
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares (SOXL)	Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares (SOXS)
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares (TECL)	Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares (TECS)
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares (TPOR)
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares (UTSL)
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares (TYD)	Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares (TYO)
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares (TMF)	Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares (TMV)

The Funds seek daily leveraged investment results and are intended to be used as short-term trading vehicles. Each Fund with “Bull” in its name attempts to provide daily investment results that correspond to three times the performance of an underlying index and are collectively referred to as the “Bull Funds.” Each Fund with “Bear” in its name attempts to provide daily investment results that correspond to three times the inverse (or opposite) of the performance of an underlying index and are collectively referred to as the “Bear Funds.”

The Funds are not intended to be used by, and are not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. The Funds are very different from most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. Investors should note that:

(1)

The Funds pursue daily leveraged investment objectives, which means that the Funds are riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage because the Funds magnify the performance of their underlying index.

(2)

Each Bear Fund pursues a daily leveraged investment objective that is inverse to the performance of its underlying index, a result opposite of most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds.

(3)

The pursuit of daily investment objectives means that the return of a Fund for a period longer than a full trading day will be the product of a series of daily leveraged returns for each trading day during the relevant period. As a consequence, especially in periods of market volatility, the volatility of the underlying index may affect a Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the underlying index. Further, the return for investors that invest for periods less than a full trading day will not be the product of the return of a Fund’s stated daily leveraged investment objective and the performance of the underlying index for the full trading day. During periods of high volatility, the Funds may not perform as expected and the Funds may have losses when an investor may have expected gains if the Funds are held for a period that is different than one trading day.

The Funds are not suitable for all investors. The Funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors, such as traders and active investors employing dynamic strategies. Investors in the Funds should:

(a)

understand the risks associated with the use of leverage;

(b)

understand the consequences of seeking daily leveraged investment results;

(c)

for each Bear Fund, understand the risk of shorting; and

(d)

intend to actively monitor and manage their investments.

Investors who do not understand the Funds, or do not intend to actively manage their funds and monitor their investments, should not buy the Funds.

There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objective and an investment in a Fund could lose money. No single Fund is a complete investment program.

If a Fund’s underlying index moves more than 33% on a given trading day in a direction adverse to the Fund, the Fund’s investors would lose all of their money. The Funds’ investment adviser, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, will attempt to position each Fund’s portfolio to ensure that a Fund does not gain or lose more than 90% of its net asset value on a given trading day. As a consequence, a Fund’s portfolio should not be responsive to underlying index movements beyond 30% on a given trading day, whether that movement is favorable or adverse to the Fund. For example, if a Bull Fund’s underlying index was to gain 35% on a given trading day, that Fund should be limited to a gain of 90% for that day, which corresponds to 300% of an underlying index gain of 30%, rather than 300% of an underlying index gain of 35%.

This SAI, dated February 28, 2024, is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the Funds' prospectus dated February 28, 2024 (“Prospectus”). This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus. In other words, it is legally part of the Prospectus. To receive a copy of the Prospectus, without charge, write or call the Trust at the address or telephone number listed above.

February 28, 2024

Table of Contents

	Page
Direxion Shares ETF Trust	1
Classification of the Funds	1
Exchange Listing and Trading	1
Investment Policies and Techniques	2
Asset-Backed Securities	3
Bank Obligations	3
Corporate Debt Securities	4
Equity Securities	4
Foreign Securities	5
Depositary Receipts	13
Foreign Currencies	13
Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities	16
Hybrid Instruments	17
Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities	17
Indexed Securities	18
Inflation Protected Securities	18
Junk Bonds	18
Interest Rate Risk	19
Mortgage-Backed Securities	20
Municipal Obligations	21
Futures Contracts, Options, and Other Derivative Strategies	21
Caps, Floors and Collars	26
Other Investment Companies	27
Real Estate Companies	28
Real Estate Investment Trusts	28
Repurchase Agreements	28
Reverse Repurchase Agreements	28
Securities Lending	29
Short Sales	29
Swap Agreements	30
Unrated Debt Securities	34
U.S. Government Securities	34
U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises	35
When-Issued Securities	35
Zero-Coupon, Payment-In-Kind and Strip Securities	36
Other Investment Risks and Practices	36
Correlation and Tracking Risk	37
Leverage	37
Cybersecurity Risk	39
Investment Restrictions	40
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage	40
Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers	45
Portfolio Holdings Information	45
Management of the Trust	46

	Page
The Board of Trustees	46
Risk Oversight	46
Board Structure and Related Matters	46
Board Committees	49
Principal Officers of the Trust	49
Principal Shareholders, Control Persons and Management Ownership	53
Investment Adviser	67
Portfolio Managers	78
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures	79
Fund Administrator, Fund Accounting Agent, Transfer Agent and Custodian	80
Securities Lending	80
Distributor	82
Distribution Plan	83
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	83
Legal Counsel	83
Determination of Net Asset Value	83
Additional Information Concerning Shares	84
Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest	84
Book Entry Only System	85
Purchases and Redemptions	86
Purchase and Issuance of Creation Units	86
Cash Purchase Amount	87
Purchases through the Clearing Process	87
Purchases Outside the Clearing Process	88
Rejection of Purchase Orders	88
Settlement of Purchases of Creation Units	88
Redemption of Creation Units	88
Placement of Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process	89
Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process	89
Cancellations of Purchase or Redemption Orders	90
Continuous Offering	90
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions	91
Transaction Fees	91
Dividends, Other Distributions and Taxes	93
Dividends and other Distributions	93
Taxes	93
Financial Statements	98
APPENDIX A	A-1

Direxion Shares ETF Trust

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust organized on April 23, 2008 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The Trust currently consists of 93 separate series or “Funds.”

The Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares, Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares, and the Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares are collectively referred to as the “Fixed Income Funds.”

Shares of each Fund (“Shares”) are issued and redeemed only in large blocks called “Creation Units.” The Shares offered in this SAI are listed and traded on NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Most investors will buy and sell Shares of each Fund in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded shares. There is no minimum investment. Investors may acquire Shares directly from each Fund, and shareholders may tender their Shares for redemption directly to each Fund, only in Creation Units of 50,000 Shares, as discussed in the “Purchases and Redemptions” section below.

Certain employees of the Adviser are responsible for interacting with market participants that transact in baskets for one or more Creation Units. As part of these discussions, these employees may discuss with a market participant the securities a Bull Fund is willing to accept in connection with a purchase (“creation”) of shares, and securities that a Bull Fund will provide on a redemption of shares. The Adviser's employees may also discuss portfolio holdings-related information with broker/dealers in connection with settling the Bull Fund's transactions, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course.

There is no assurance that any Fund offered in this SAI will achieve its objective and an investment in a Fund could lose money. No single Fund is a complete investment program.

From February 28, 2022 to July 31, 2022, the Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares and Direxion Daily Financial Bear 2X Shares sought daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% and -300%, as applicable, of the performance of the Russell 1000 Financials 40 Act 15/22.5 Daily Capped Index. Prior to February 28, 2022, the Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares and Direxion Daily Financial Bear 2X Shares sought daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% and -300%, as applicable, of the performance of the Russell 1000 Index – Financials Index.

Prior to August 1, 2022, the Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares sought daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% of the performance of the Dow Jones Transportation AverageTM.

Prior to February 28, 2022, the Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares and Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares sought daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% and -300%, as applicable, of the performance of the MSCI US IMI Real Estate 25/50 Index under their former fund names, the Direxion Daily MSCI Real Estate Bull 3X Shares and Direxion Daily MSCI Real Estate Bear 3X Shares, respectively.

Classification of the Funds

Each Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means it has the ability to invest a relatively high percentage of its assets in the securities of a small number of issuers or in financial instruments with a single counterparty or a few counterparties. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and increase the risk that a Fund’s performance will decline based on the performance of a single issuer or the credit of a single counterparty, and a Fund may be more susceptible to any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified company.

Exchange Listing and Trading

The Shares are listed and traded on the Exchange. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of each Fund will continue to be met. The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of a Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the Shares of the Fund; (ii) the value of the underlying index is no longer calculated or available; (iii) a Fund's underlying index no longer meets various liquidity and other metrics as required by the Exchange’s continued listing standards; or (iv) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the Shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of such Fund.

As is the case with other listed securities, when Shares of a Fund are bought or sold through a broker, an investor may incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker, as well as other charges.

The trading prices of each Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from each Fund’s daily NAV per share and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Rafferty Asset Management, LLC ("Rafferty" or "Adviser") may, from time to time, make payments to certain market makers in the Trust’s shares pursuant to an Exchange authorized program. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of the Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of a Fund or an investor’s equity interest in a Fund.

Investment Policies and Techniques

Each Fund seeks investment results that correspond to the performance of an underlying index, before fees and expenses, as follows:

Fund	Underlying Index	Daily Leveraged Investment Objective
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	S&P Midcap® 400 Index	300%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	S&P 500® Index	300%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	S&P 500® Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	Russell 2000® Index	300%
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	Russell 2000® Index	-300%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	S&P 500® High Beta Index	300%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	S&P 500® High Beta Index	-300%
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	FTSE China 50 Index	300%
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	FTSE China 50 Index	-300%
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	MSCI Emerging Markets IndexSM	300%
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	MSCI Emerging Markets IndexSM	-300%
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index	300%
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	MSCI Mexico IMI 25/50 Index	300%
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	MSCI Korea 25/50 Index	300%
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index	300%
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	S&P Biotechnology Select Industry Index	300%
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	S&P Biotechnology Select Industry Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	Consumer Discretionary Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	Financial Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	Financial Select Sector Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	Health Care Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index	300%
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	Industrials Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	Dow Jones Internet Composite Index	300%
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	Dow Jones Internet Composite Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	S&P Pharmaceuticals Select Industry Index	300%
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	Real Estate Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	Real Estate Select Sector Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	S&P Regional Banks Select Industry Index	300%
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	S&P Retail Select Industry Index	300%

Fund	Underlying Index	Daily Leveraged Investment Objective
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	NYSE Semiconductor Index	300%
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	NYSE Semiconductor Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	Technology Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	Technology Select Sector Index	-300%
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	S&P Transportation Select Industry FMC Capped Index	300%
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	Utilities Select Sector Index	300%
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	ICE U.S. Treasury 7-10 Year Bond Index	300%
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	ICE U.S. Treasury 7-10 Year Bond Index	-300%
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	ICE U.S. Treasury 20+ Year Bond Index	300%
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	ICE U.S. Treasury 20+ Year Bond Index	-300%

Each Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy of the Fund that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

Subject to the limitations described in the “Investment Restrictions” section, each Fund may engage in the investment strategies discussed below.

Asset-Backed Securities

A Fund may invest in asset-backed securities of any rating or maturity. Asset-backed securities are securities issued by trusts and special purpose entities that are backed by pools of assets, such as automobile and credit-card receivables and home equity loans, which pass through the payments on the underlying obligations to the security holders (less servicing fees paid to the originator or fees for any credit enhancement). Typically, the originator of the loan or accounts receivable paper transfers it to a specially created trust, which repackages it as securities with a minimum denomination and a specific term. The securities are then privately placed or publicly offered. Examples include certificates for automobile receivables and so-called plastic bonds, backed by credit card receivables.

The value of an asset-backed security is affected by, among other things, changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans and the financial institution providing any credit enhancement. Payments of principal and interest passed through to holders of asset-backed securities are frequently supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity or by having a priority to certain of the borrower’s other assets. The degree of credit enhancement varies, and generally applies to only a portion of the asset-backed security’s par value. Value is also affected if any credit enhancement has been exhausted.

Bank Obligations

Money Market Instruments. A Fund may invest in bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits, savings shares and commercial paper of domestic banks and savings and loans that have assets of at least $1 billion and capital, surplus, and undivided profits of over $100 million as of the close of their most recent fiscal year, or instruments that are insured by the Bank Insurance Fund or the Savings Institution Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). A Fund also may invest in high quality, short-term, corporate debt obligations, including variable rate demand notes, having terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days. Because there is no secondary trading market in demand notes, the inability of the issuer to make required payments could impact adversely a Fund’s ability to resell when it deems advisable to do so.

A Fund may invest in foreign money market instruments, which typically involve more risk than investing in U.S. money market instruments. See “Foreign Securities” below. These risks include, among others, higher brokerage commissions, less public information, and less liquid markets in which to sell and meet large shareholder redemption requests.

Bankers’ Acceptances. Bankers’ acceptances generally are negotiable instruments (time drafts) drawn to finance the export, import, domestic shipment or storage of goods. They are termed “accepted” when a bank writes on the draft its agreement to pay it at maturity, using the word “accepted.” The bank is, in effect, unconditionally guaranteeing to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an asset, or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of interest for a specified maturity.

Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”). The FDIC is an agency of the U.S. government that insures the deposits of certain banks and savings and loan associations up to $250,000 per deposit. The interest on such deposits may not be insured to the extent this limit is exceeded. Current federal regulations also permit such institutions to issue insured negotiable CDs in amounts of $250,000 or more without regard to the interest rate ceilings on other deposits. To remain fully insured, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per insured bank or savings and loan association.

Commercial Paper. Commercial paper includes notes, drafts or similar instruments payable on demand or having a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months, exclusive of days of grace or any renewal thereof. A Fund may invest in commercial paper rated A-l or A-2 by Standard & Poor’s® Ratings Services (“S&P®”) or Prime-1 or Prime-2 by Moody’s Investors Service®, Inc. (“Moody’s”), and in other lower quality commercial paper.

In March 2023, the shut-down of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system. There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system.

Corporate Debt Securities

A Fund may invest in investment grade corporate debt securities of any rating or maturity. Investment grade corporate bonds are those rated BBB or better by S&P® or Baa or better by Moody’s. Securities rated BBB by S&P® are considered investment grade, but Moody’s considers securities rated Baa to have speculative characteristics. See Appendix A for a description of corporate bond ratings. A Fund may also invest in unrated securities.

Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses to finance their operations, although corporate debt instruments may also include bank loans to companies. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their maturities and secured or un-secured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and is usually unsecured.

The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest.

Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of its issuers, corporate debt securities have widely varying potentials for return and risk profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated investment grade may have a modest return on principal, but carries relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal, but carries a relatively high degree of risk.

Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment grade are generally considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher-quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (subordinated) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than corporate debt securities with shorter terms.

Equity Securities

Common Stocks. A Fund may invest in common stocks. Common stocks represent the residual ownership interest in the issuer and are entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of the entity after all of its obligations and preferred stock are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

Convertible Securities. A Fund may invest in convertible securities that may be considered high yield securities. Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes and preferred stock that can be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issue within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible stock matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock, although the extent

to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than nonconvertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. When investing in convertible securities, a Fund may invest in the lowest credit rating category.

Preferred Stock. A Fund may invest in preferred stock. A preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors if the issuer is dissolved. Although the dividend is set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer. When investing in preferred stocks, a Fund may invest in the lowest credit rating category.

Warrants and Rights. A Fund may purchase warrants and rights, which are instruments that permit a Fund to acquire, by subscription, the capital stock of a corporation at a set price, regardless of the market price for such stock. Warrants may be either perpetual or of limited duration, but they usually do not have voting rights or pay dividends. The market price of warrants is usually significantly less than the current price of the underlying stock. Thus, there is a greater risk that warrants might drop in value at a faster rate than the underlying stock.

Foreign Securities

A Fund may have both direct and indirect exposure to foreign securities through investments in publicly traded securities such as stocks and bonds, stock index futures contracts, options on stock index futures contracts and options on securities and on stock indices to foreign securities. In most cases, the best available market for foreign securities will be on exchanges or in OTC markets located outside the United States.

Investing in foreign securities carries political and economic risks distinct from those associated with investing in the United States. Non-U.S. securities may be subject to currency risks or to foreign government taxes. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and a foreign issuer may or may not be subject uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S. Other risks of investing in such securities include political or economic instability in the country involved, the difficulty of predicting international trade patterns and the possibility of the imposition of exchange controls. The prices of such securities may be more volatile than those of U.S. securities. There maybe also be the possibility of expropriation of assets or nationalization, imposition of withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, difficulty obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities or diplomatic developments which could affect investment in these countries. Losses and other expenses may be incurred in converting currencies in connection with purchases and sales of foreign securities.

Non-U.S. stock markets may not be as developed or efficient as, and may be more volatile than, those in the U.S. While the volume of shares traded on non-U.S. stock markets generally has been growing, such markets usually have substantially less volume than U.S. markets. Therefore, a Fund’s investment in non-U.S. equity securities may be less liquid and subject to more rapid and erratic price movements than comparable securities listed for trading on U.S. exchanges. Non-U.S. equity securities may trade at price/earnings multiples higher than comparable U.S. securities and such levels may not be sustainable. There may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, brokers, banks and listed companies abroad than in the U.S. Moreover, settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences may include delays beyond periods customary in the U.S. and practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, that increase the likelihood of a failed settlement, which can result in losses to a Fund. The value of non-U.S. investments and the investment income derived from them may also be affected unfavorably by changes in currency exchange control regulations. Foreign brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees are also generally higher than for securities traded in the U.S. This may cause a Fund to incur higher portfolio transaction costs than domestic equity funds. Fluctuations in exchanges rates may also affect the earning power and asset value of the foreign entity issuing a security, even on denominated in U.S. dollars. Dividend and interest payments may be repatriated based on the exchange rate at the time of disbursement, and restrictions on capital flows may be imposed.

Developing and Emerging Markets. Emerging and developing markets abroad may offer special opportunities for investing, but may have greater risks than more developed foreign markets, such as those in Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. There may be even less liquidity in their securities markets, and settlements of purchases and sales of securities may be subject to additional delays. They are subject to greater risks of limitations on the repatriation of income and profits because of currency restrictions imposed by local governments. Those countries may also be subject to the risk of greater political and economic instability, which can greatly affect the volatility of prices of securities in those countries.

Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; and possible repatriation of investment income and capital.

In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales and future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. Dollar. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. Shareholder claims and legal remedies that are common in the United States may be difficult or impossible to pursue in many emerging market countries. In addition, due to jurisdictional limitations, matters of comity and various other factors, U.S. authorities may be limited in their ability to bring enforcement actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons in certain emerging market countries. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions.

Asia-Pacific Countries. In addition to the risks associated with foreign and emerging markets, the developing market Asia-Pacific countries in which a Fund may invest are subject to certain additional or specific risks. A Fund may make substantial investments in Asia-Pacific countries. In the Asia-Pacific markets, there is a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of these markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region, such as Japan and Hong Kong. Brokers in developing market Asia-Pacific countries typically are fewer in number and less well-capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for a Fund and may have an adverse impact on a Fund’s investment performance.

Many of the developing market Asia-Pacific countries may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and/or (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection. In addition, the governments of many of such countries, such as Indonesia, have a heavy role in regulating and supervising the economy.

An additional risk common to most such countries is that the economy is heavily export-oriented and, accordingly, is dependent upon international trade. The existence of overburdened infrastructure and obsolete financial systems also present risks in certain countries, as do environmental problems. Certain economies also depend to a significant degree upon exports of primary commodities and, therefore, are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices that, in turn, may be affected by a variety of factors. The legal systems in certain developing market Asia-Pacific countries also may have an adverse impact on a Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder's investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market Asia-Pacific countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in developing market Asia-Pacific companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a developing market Asia-Pacific country.

Governments of many developing market Asia-Pacific countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing market Asia-Pacific countries, which could affect private sector companies and a Fund itself, as well as the value of securities in a Fund's portfolio. In addition, economic statistics of developing market Asia-Pacific countries may be less reliable than economic statistics of more developed nations.

It is possible that developing market Asia-Pacific issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies. Inflation accounting rules in some developing market Asia-Pacific countries require companies that keep accounting records in the local currency, for both tax and accounting purposes, to restate certain assets and liabilities on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits for certain developing market Asia-Pacific companies. In addition, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some developing Asia-Pacific countries, which may result in a Fund incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside such countries.

Certain developing Asia-Pacific countries are especially large debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. Fund management may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular developing Asia-Pacific country. A Fund may invest in countries in which foreign investors, including management of the Fund, have had no or limited prior experience.

Brazil. Investing in Brazil involves certain considerations not typically associated with investing in the United States. Additional considerations include: (i) investment and repatriation controls, which could affect a Fund’s ability to operate, and to qualify for the favorable tax treatment afforded to RICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the Brazilian Real and the U.S. Dollar; (iii) the generally greater price volatility and lesser liquidity that characterize Brazilian securities markets, as compared with U.S. markets; (iv) the effect that balance of trade could have on Brazilian economic stability and the Brazilian government's economic policy; (v) potentially high rates of inflation, a rising unemployment rate, and a high level of debt, each of which may hinder economic growth; (vi) governmental involvement in and influence on the private sector; (vii) Brazilian accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements, which differ from those in the United States; (viii) political and other considerations, including changes in applicable Brazilian tax laws; and (ix) restrictions on investments by foreigners. In addition, commodities, such as oil, gas and minerals, represent a significant percentage of Brazil’s exports and, therefore, its economy is particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Additionally, an investment in Brazil is subject to certain risks stemming from political and economic corruption.

China. Investing in China involves special considerations not typically associated with investing in countries with more democratic governments or more established economies or currency markets. These risks include: (i) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy, interest rates and currency exchange rates; (iii) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; (iv) greater social, economic and political uncertainty ; (v) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (vi) currency exchange rate fluctuations; (vii) differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards that may result in unavailability of material information about issuers and restrictions on issuers’ ability to access the U.S. capital markets; and (viii) the risk that certain companies, including those in which the Fund may invest, may have dealings with countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government or identified as state sponsors of terrorism.

For over three decades, the Chinese government has been reforming economic and market practice and has been providing a larger sphere for private ownership of property. While currently contributing to growth and prosperity, the government could technically decide not to continue to support these economic reform programs and return to the completely centrally planned economy that existed prior to 1978. There is also a greater risk in China than in many other countries of currency fluctuations, currency non-convertibility, interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation as a result of internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries. China is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to developed markets. The government of China maintains strict currency controls in support of economic, trade and political objectives and regularly intervenes in the currency market. The government's actions in this respect may not be transparent or predictable. As a result, the value of the Yuan (or renminbi), and the value of securities designed to provide exposure to the Yuan, can change quickly and arbitrarily. Furthermore, it is difficult for foreign investors to directly access money market securities in China because of investment and trading restrictions. Chinese law also prohibits direct foreign investments in certain issuers in certain industries. Chinese companies listed on U.S. exchanges often use variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in their structure. Instead of directly owning the equity securities of a Chinese operating company, in a VIE structure, a non-U.S. shell company (often organized in the Cayman Islands) that is listed and traded on a U.S. exchange enters into service contracts and other contracts with the Chinese operating company which provide the foreign shell company with exposure to the Chinese company. Although the U.S. listed shell company has no equity ownership of the Chinese operating company, the contractual arrangements provide the U.S. listed shell company economic exposure to the Chinese operating company and permit the U.S. listed shell company to consolidate the Chinese operating company into its financial statements. VIE structures are subject to legal and regulatory uncertainties and risks. Intervention by the Chinese government with respect to VIE structures or the non-enforcement of VIE-related contractual rights could significantly affect a Chinese operating company's business, the enforceability of the U.S. listed shell company's contractual arrangements with the Chinese operating company and the value of the U.S. listed stock. Intervention by the Chinese government could include nationalization of the Chinese operating company, confiscation of its assets, restrictions on operations and/or constraints on the use of VIE structures. In addition, because the Chinese operating company is not owned, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. listed shell company, the U.S. listed shell company cannot control the Chinese operating company and must rely on the Chinese operating company to perform its contractual obligations in order for the U.S. listed company to receive economic benefits.

While the economy of China has enjoyed substantial economic growth in recent years, there can be no guarantee this growth will continue. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, the institution of additional tariffs or other trade barriers, including as a result of heightened trade tensions between China and the United States, or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy. Actions like these may have unanticipated and disruptive effects on the Chinese economy. Any such response that targets Chinese financial markets or securities exchanges could interfere with orderly trading, delay settlement or cause market disruptions. These and other factors may decrease the value and liquidity of a Fund's investments. The Chinese economy may experience a significant slowdown as a result of, among other things, a deterioration of global demand for Chinese exports, as well as contraction in spending on domestic goods by Chinese consumers. In addition, China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, which would have a negative effect on its economy and securities market.

Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the PRC under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Since 1997, there have been tensions between the Chinese government and many people in Hong Kong regarding China's perceived tightening of control over Hong Kong's semi-autonomous liberal political, economic, legal, and social framework. Recent protests may prompt the Chinese and Hong Kong governments to rapidly address Hong Kong's future relationship with mainland China, which remains unresolved. Due to the interconnected nature of the Hong Kong and Chinese economies, this instability in Hong Kong may cause uncertainty in the Hong Kong and Chinese markets.

There has been increased attention from the U.S. government and U.S. regulators, including the Department of the Treasury (“DOT”) and its Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). In a series of executive orders issued between November 2020 and June 2021, the DOT prohibited investment by U.S. investors in certain companies tied to the Chinese military or China's surveillance technology sector. The prohibited companies were described in the executive orders as “Chinese Military Industrial Complex Companies,” and the restrictions on investing in such companies was interpreted by OFAC to extend to instruments that are derivative of, or designed to provide investment exposure to, these companies, including diversified investment companies. The orders only contained a limited exception for transactions that made solely for the purpose of divestment through June 3, 2022. As a result, prior to that date, a Fund will sell any positions in such companies and will not make future investments in them, notwithstanding their potential inclusion in a Fund’s underlying index (if applicable).

There has also been increased attention from the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) with regard to international auditing standards of U.S.-listed companies with operations in China as well as PCAOB-registered auditing firms in China. The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act ("HFCAA") requires the SEC to identify reporting public companies that use public accounting firms with a branch or office located in a foreign jurisdiction that the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by a governmental entity in that jurisdiction ("Commission-Identified Issuers"). If an issuer is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years, the issuer's shares will be prohibited in U.S. exchange and over-the-counter markets. On March 8, 2022, pursuant to the implementing regulations established by the SEC as required by the HFCAA, the SEC began to identify companies as provisional Commission-Identified Issuers. Although the PCAOB in 2021 had determined that positions taken by PRC authorities prevented the PCAOB from inspecting and investigating audit firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, in December 2022 the PCAOB announced that it had been able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms in the PRC for the first time in history. As a result, on December 15, 2022, the PCAOB voted to vacate the previous 2021 determinations. Depending on the PRC's continued cooperation, under the HFCAA, PCAOB determinations may result in certain issuers becoming Commission-Identified Issuers.

Recently, there have been intensified concerns about trade tariffs and a potential trade war between China and the United States, despite the United States’ signing a partial trade agreement with China that reduced some U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods while boosting Chinese purchases of American goods. However, this agreement left in place a number of existing tariffs, and it is unclear whether further trade agreements may be reached in the future. The ability and willingness of China to comply with the trade deal may determine to some degree the extent to which its economy will be adversely affected, which cannot be predicted at the present time. Future tariffs imposed by China and the United States on the other country’s products, or other escalating actions, may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry with a potentially negative impact to a Fund.

For decades, a state of hostility has existed between Taiwan and the PRC. Beijing has long deemed Taiwan a part of the “one China” and has made a nationalist cause of recovering it. This situation poses a threat to Taiwan’s economy and could negatively affect its stock market. In addition, China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.

Foreign investors had historically been unable to participate in the PRC securities market. However, in late 2002, Investment Regulations promulgated by the China Securities Regulatory Commission ("CSRC") came into effect, which were replaced by the updated Investment Regulations (i.e., “Measures for the Administration of the Securities Investments of Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors in the PRC”), which came into effect on September 1, 2006, that provided a legal framework for certain Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (“QFIIs”) to invest in PRC securities and certain other securities historically not eligible for investment by non-Chinese investors, through quotas granted by China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to those QFIIs which have been approved by the CSRC. The RMB QFII (“RQFII”) program was instituted in December 2011 and is substantially similar to the QFII program, but provides for greater flexibility in repatriating assets. In 2020, the PRC government eliminated QFII and RQFII quotas, meaning that entities registered with the appropriate Chinese regulator will no longer be subject to quotas when investing in PRC securities (but will remain subject to foreign shareholder limits), and merged the two programs into the Qualified Foreign Investor regime (“QFI”).

China A-shares are equity securities of companies based in mainland China that trade on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”) (“A-shares”). The ability of a Fund to

invest in China A-Shares is dependent, in part, on the availability of A-Shares either through the trading and clearing facilities of a participating exchange located outside of mainland China (“Stock Connect Programs”) which currently include the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, Shanghai-London Stock Connect, and China-Japan Stock Connect, and/or through a QFI license. Thus, the Fund’s investment in A-Shares may be limited by the daily A-Shares quota limitation and by the amount of A-Shares available through the Stock Connect Programs.

The Stock Connect Programs are subject to daily and aggregate quota limitations, and an investor cannot purchase and sell the same security on the same trading day, which may restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through the Stock Connect Programs and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the participating exchanges located outside of mainland China are not active, with the result that prices of A-Shares may fluctuate at times when a Fund is unable to add to or exit a position. The mainland Chinese and Hong Kong regulators have announced in August 2022 to enhance the trading calendar for Stock Connect, to allow Stock Connect trading on all the days which are trading days in both mainland Chinese and Hong Kong markets, even when the corresponding settlement days would be public holidays. However, as of the date of this SAI, such enhancements have not been implemented and detailed operational rules are yet to be issued. As such, it is uncertain how such enhanced trading calendar will be operated. Only certain A-Shares are eligible to be accessed through the Stock Connect Programs. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they may no longer be able to be purchased or sold through the Stock Connect Programs. Because the Stock Connect Programs are still evolving, the actual effect on the market for trading A-Shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is still relatively unknown. In addition, there is no assurance that the necessary systems required to operate the Stock Connect Programs will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems do not function properly, trading through the Stock Connect Programs could be disrupted. The Stock Connect Programs are subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities for both exchanges and further regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions or suspension of trading, may adversely impact the Stock Connect Programs, if the authorities believe it necessary to assure orderly markets or for other reasons. There is no guarantee that the participating exchanges will continue to support the Stock Connect Programs in the future. Each of the foregoing could restrict a Fund from selling its investments, adversely affect the value of its holdings and negatively affect a Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions.

Europe. Investing in European countries may impose economic and political risks associated with Europe in general and the specific European countries in which it invests. The economies and markets of European countries are often closely connected and interdependent, and events in one European country can have an adverse impact on other European countries. A Fund makes investments in securities of issuers that are domiciled in, or have significant operations in, member countries of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”), which requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners, including some or all of the emerging markets materials sector countries. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends in recent years due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country’s debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country’s creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching and could adversely impact the value of investments in the region.

In a referendum held on June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) resolved to leave the EU (referred to as “Brexit”). On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU pursuant to a withdrawal agreement, providing for a transition period in which the UK negotiated and finalized a trade deal with the EU, the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “Trade Agreement”). As a result, since January 1, 2021, the United Kingdom is no longer part of the EU customs union and single market, nor is it subject to EU policies and international agreements. The Trade Agreement, among other things,

provides for zero tariffs and zero quotas on all goods that comply with appropriate rules of origin and establishes the treatment and level of access the United Kingdom and EU have agreed to grant each other’s service suppliers and investors. The Trade Agreement also covers digital trade, intellectual property, public procurement, aviation and road transport, energy, fisheries, social security coordination, law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, thematic cooperation and participation in EU programs. Even with the Trade Agreement in place, the UK’s withdrawal from the EU may create new barriers to trade in goods and services and to cross-border mobility and exchanges.

The UK has one of the largest economies in Europe, and member countries of the EU are substantial trading partners of the UK. The City of London’s economy is dominated by financial services and uncertainty remains regarding the treatment of cross-border trade in financial services. While the Trade Agreement includes certain provisions to support cross-border trade in financial services, it is not comprehensively addressed in the Trade Agreement and the parties continue to discuss ‘equivalence’ rights to allow market access for cross-border financial services. In March 2021, the EU and the UK reached a memorandum of understanding, establishing a framework for voluntary regulatory cooperation on financial services. Without access to the EU single market, certain financial services in the UK may move outside of the UK as a result of its withdrawal from the EU. In addition, financial services firms in the UK may need to move staff and comply with two separate sets of rules or lose business to financial services firms in the EU. Furthermore, the withdrawal from the EU creates the potential for decreased trade, the possibility of capital outflows, devaluation of the pound sterling, the cost of higher corporate bond spreads due to continued uncertainty, and the risk that all the above could damage business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. As a result of the withdrawal from the EU, the British economy and its currency may be negatively impacted by changes to its economic and political relations with the EU. Additional member countries seeking to withdraw from the EU would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.

Brexit may also have a destabilizing impact on the EU to the extent that other member states similarly seek to withdraw from the EU. Any further exits from the EU would likely cause additional market disruptions globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.

Russia's increasing international assertiveness could negatively impact EU economic activity. The effect on the economies of EU countries of the Russia/Ukraine war and Russia's response to sanctions imposed by the US and other countries are impossible to predict, but have been and could continue to be significant.

India. Investments in India involve special considerations not typically associated with investing in countries with more established economies or currency markets. Political, religious, and border disputes persist in India. India has recently experienced and may continue to experience civil unrest and hostilities with certain of its neighboring countries, including Pakistan, and the Indian government has confronted separatist movements in several Indian states, including Kashmir. Government control over the economy, currency fluctuations or blockage, and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets offer higher potential losses. Governmental actions could have a negative effect on the economic conditions in India, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments made by a Fund. The securities markets in India are comparatively underdeveloped with some exceptions and consist of a small number of listed companies with small market capitalization, greater price volatility and substantially less liquidity than companies in more developed markets. The limited liquidity of the Indian securities market may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price or time that it desires or the Fund’s ability to track its underlying index.

The Indian government exercises significant influence over many aspects of the economy, and the number of public sector enterprises in India is substantial. While the Indian government has implemented economic structural reform with the objectives of liberalizing India's exchange and trade policies, reducing the fiscal deficit, controlling inflation, promoting a sound monetary policy, reforming the financial sector, and placing greater reliance on market mechanisms to direct economic activity, there can be no assurance that these policies will continue or that the economic recovery will be sustained.

Global factors and foreign actions may inhibit the flow of foreign capital on which India is dependent to sustain its growth. In addition, the Reserve Bank of India has imposed limits on foreign ownership of Indian companies, which may decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio and result in extreme volatility in the prices of Indian securities. In November 2016, the Indian government eliminated certain large denomination cash notes as legal tender, causing uncertainty in certain financial markets. These factors, coupled with the lack of extensive accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices, as applicable in the United States, may increase the risk of loss for a Fund.

Securities laws in India are relatively new and unsettled and, as a result, there is a risk of significant and unpredictable change in laws governing foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Foreign investors in particular may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. Certain Indian regulatory approvals, including approvals from the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the central government and the tax authorities (to the extent that tax benefits need to be utilized), may be required before a Fund can make investments in Indian companies. Foreign investors in India still face burdensome taxes on investments in income producing securities.

While the Indian economy has enjoyed substantial economic growth in recent years, there can be no guarantee this growth will continue. Technology and software sectors represent a significant portion of the total capitalization of the Indian securities markets. The value of these companies will generally fluctuate in response to technological and regulatory developments,

and, as a result, a Fund’s holdings are expected to experience correlated fluctuations. Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, flooding or droughts, could occur in India or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Indian economy. Agriculture occupies a prominent position in the Indian economy, therefore, it may be negatively affected by adverse weather conditions and the effects of global climate change. These and other factors may decrease the value and liquidity of a Fund's investments.

Italy. Investment in Italian issuers involves risks that are specific to Italy, including, regulatory, political, currency, and economic risks. Italy’s economy is dependent upon external trade with other economies—specifically Germany, France and other Western European developed countries. As a result, Italy is dependent on the economies of these other countries and any change in the price or demand for Italy’s exports may have an adverse impact on its economy. Interest rates on Italy’s debt may rise to levels that may make it difficult for it to service high debt levels without significant financial help from the EU and could potentially lead to default. Recently, the Italian economy has experienced volatility due to concerns about economic downturn and rising government debt levels. Italy has been warned by the Economic and Monetary Union of the EU to reduce its public spending and debt and actions by Italy to cut spending or increase taxes in response could have significant adverse effects on the Italian economy. These events have adversely impacted the Italian economy, causing credit agencies to lower Italy’s sovereign debt rating and could decrease outside investment in Italian companies. High amounts of debt and public spending may stifle Italian economic growth or cause prolonged periods of recession.

Japan. Japanese investments may be significantly affected by events influencing Japan’s economy and changes in the exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the U.S. Dollar. Japan’s economy fell into a long recession in the 1990s. After a few years of mild recovery in the mid-2000s, Japan’s economy fell into another recession as a result of the recent global economic crisis. In December 2019, Japan’s government approved a fiscal stimulus package of nearly $120 billion in order to stimulate its slowing economy, which has been negatively affected by decreased demand from China and by recent political conflicts with South Korea. Japan is heavily dependent on exports and foreign oil and may be adversely affected by higher commodity prices, trade tariffs, protectionist measures, competition from emerging economies, and the economic conditions of its trading partners, such as China. Furthermore, Japan is located in a seismically active area, and in 2011 experienced an earthquake and a tsunami that significantly affected important elements of its infrastructure and resulted in a nuclear crisis. Since these events, Japan’s financial markets have fluctuated dramatically. The full extent of the impact of these events on Japan’s economy and on foreign investment in Japan is difficult to estimate. The risks of natural disaster of varying degrees, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and the resulting damage, continue to exist. Japan’s economic prospects may be affected by the political and military situations of its near neighbors, notably North and South Korea, China, and Russia. In addition, the Japanese economic growth rate could be impacted by Bank of Japan monetary policies, rising interest rates, tax increases, budget deficits, consumer confidence and volatility in the Japanese yen. Japan’s labor market is adapting to an aging workforce, declining population, and demand for increased labor mobility. These demographic shifts and fundamental structural changes to the labor markets may negatively impact Japan’s economic competitiveness.

South Korea. South Korean investments may be significantly affected by events influencing its economy, which is heavily dependent on exports and the demand for certain finished goods. South Korea’s main industries include electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, and food processing. Conditions that weaken demand for such products worldwide or in other Asian countries could have a negative impact on the South Korean economy as a whole. The South Korean economy’s reliance on international trade makes it highly sensitive to fluctuations in international commodity prices, currency exchanges rates and government regulation, and vulnerable to downturns of the world economy, particularly with respects to its four largest export markets (the EU, Japan, United States, and China). South Korea has experienced modest economic growth in recent years, but such continued growth may slow due, in part, to the economic slowdown in China and the increased competitive advantage of Japanese exports with the weakened yen. The South Korean economy’s long-term challenges include an aging population, inflexible labor market, and overdependence on exports to drive economic growth. Relations between South Korea and North Korea remain tense, as exemplified in periodic acts of hostility, and the possibility of serious military engagement still exists. Armed conflict between North Korea and South Korea could have a severe adverse impact on the South Korean economy and its securities markets.

Latin America. The economies of certain Latin American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults, high unemployment rates and political instability which can adversely affect issuers in these countries. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of the region’s exports and many economies in this region are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of this region. The governments of certain countries in Latin America may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in such countries, which could have a negative impact on the securities in which a Fund invests. Diplomatic developments may also adversely affect investments in certain countries in Latin America. Some countries in Latin America may be affected by public corruption and crime, including organized crime. Certain countries in Latin America may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, have been and may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. In addition, certain issuers located in countries in Latin America in which

a Fund invests may be the subject of sanctions (for example, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on certain Venezuelan individuals, corporate entities and the Venezuelan government) or have dealings with countries subject to sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. An issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is identified as an issuer that has dealings with such countries. A Fund may be adversely affected if it invests in such issuers. Certain Latin American countries may also have managed currencies, which are maintained at artificial levels to the U.S. Dollar rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. Certain Latin American countries also restrict the free conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. Dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for many currencies and it would, as a result, be difficult for the Fund to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the Fund’s interests in securities denominated in such currencies. Finally, a number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing countries. There have been moratoria on, and reschedulings of, repayment with respect to these debts. Such events can restrict the flexibility of these debtor nations in the international markets and result in the imposition of onerous conditions on their economies.

Mexico. Investment in Mexican issuers involves risks that are specific to Mexico, including regulatory, political, and economic risks. In the past, Mexico has experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, significant devaluation of its currency (the peso), and high unemployment rates. The Mexican economy is dependent upon external trade with other economies, specifically with the United States and certain Latin American countries. Additionally, a high level of foreign investment in Mexican assets may increase Mexico’s exposure to risks associated with changes in international investor sentiment. In 2018, the United States, Mexico and Canada signed and ratified the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”), which replaces the current North American Free Trade Agreement among the three countries. The adoption of USMCA may have a significant impact on Mexico’s economy and, consequently, the value of the securities held by a Fund.

The Mexican economy is heavily dependent on trade with, and foreign investment from, the U.S. and Canada, which are Mexico’s principal trading partners. Any changes in the supply, demand, price or other economic component of Mexico’s imports or exports, as well as any reductions in foreign investment from, or changes in the economies of, the U.S. or Canada, may have an adverse impact on the Mexican economy. Because commodities such as oil and gas, minerals and metals represent a large portion of the region’s exports, the economies of these countries are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Mexico’s economy has also become increasingly manufacturing-oriented. Because Mexico’s top export is automotive vehicles, its economy is strongly tied to the U.S. automotive market, and changes to certain segments in the U.S. market could have an impact on the Mexican economy. The automotive industry and other industrial products can be highly cyclical, and companies in these industries may suffer periodic operating losses. These industries can also be significantly affected by labor relations and fluctuating component prices. The agricultural and mining sectors of Mexico’s economy also account for a large portion of its exports, and Mexico is susceptible to fluctuations in the price and demand for agricultural products and natural resources. In addition, Mexico has privatized or has begun the process of privatization of certain entities and industries, and some investors have suffered losses due to the inability of the newly privatized entities to adjust to a competitive environment and changing regulatory standards.

Mexico has been destabilized by local insurrections, social upheavals and drug-related violence. Additionally, violence near border areas, border-related political disputes, and other social upheaval may lead to strained international relations. Mexico has also experienced contentious and very closely decided elections. Changes in political parties and other political events may affect the economy and contribute to additional instability. Recurrence of these or similar conditions may adversely impact the Mexican economy.

Russia. Investing in Russia involves risks and special considerations not typically associated with investing in United States. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has experienced dramatic political, economic, and social change. The political system in Russia is emerging from a long history of extensive state involvement in economic affairs. The country is undergoing a rapid transition from a centrally-controlled command system to a market-oriented, democratic model. As a result, companies in Russia are characterized by a lack of: (i) management with experience of operating in a market economy; (ii) modern technology; and, (iii) a sufficient capital base with which to develop and expand their operations. It is unclear what will be the future effect on Russian companies, if any, of Russia’s continued attempts to move toward a more market-oriented economy. Russia’s economy has been characterized by high rates of inflation, high rates of unemployment, declining gross domestic product, deficit government spending, and a devalued currency. The economic reform program has involved major disruptions and dislocations in various sectors of the economy, and those problems have been exacerbated by growing liquidity problems. Russia’s economy is also heavily reliant on the energy and defense-related sectors, and is therefore susceptible to the risks associated with these industries. Further, Russia presently receives significant financial assistance from a number of countries through various programs. To the extent these programs are reduced or eliminated in the future, Russian economic development may be adversely impacted. The laws and regulations in Russia affecting Western business investment continue to evolve in an unpredictable manner. Russian laws and regulations, particularly those involving taxation, foreign investment and trade, title to property or securities, and transfer of title, which may be applicable to a Fund’s activities are relatively new and can change quickly and unpredictably in a manner far more volatile than in the United States or other developed market economies. Although basic commercial laws are in place, they are

often unclear or contradictory and subject to varying interpretation, and may at any time be amended, modified, repealed or replaced in a manner adverse to the interest of the Funds.

Russia’s invasion of the Ukraine, and corresponding events in late February 2022, have had, and could continue to have, severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets for securities and commodities. Following Russia’s actions, various governments, including the United States, have issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia, including, among other actions, a prohibition on doing business with certain Russian companies, large financial institutions, officials and oligarchs; the removal by certain countries and the European Union of selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (“SWIFT”), the electronic banking network that connects banks globally; and restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. The current events, including sanctions and the potential for future sanctions, including any impacting Russia’s energy sector, and other actions, and Russia’s retaliatory responses to those sanctions and actions, may continue to adversely impact the Russian economy and economies of surrounding countries and may result in the further decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities and securities of surrounding countries, a continued weakening of currencies in the region and continued exchange closures, and may have other adverse consequences on the economies of countries in the region that could impact the value of investments in the region and impair the ability of a Fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver securities of companies in the region or a Fund’s ability to collect interest payments on fixed income securities in the region. For example, exports in Eastern Europe have been disrupted for certain key commodities, pushing commodity prices to record highs, and energy prices in Europe have increased significantly. Moreover, those events have, and could continue to have, an adverse effect on global markets performance and liquidity, thereby negatively affecting the value of a Fund’s investments beyond any direct exposure to issuers in the region. The duration of ongoing hostilities and the vast array of sanctions and related events cannot be predicted. Those events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally and the performance of a Fund and its investments or operations could be negatively impacted.

Depositary Receipts

To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of foreign corporations, a Fund’s investment in such stocks may also be in the form of depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. Depository receipts are receipts, typically issued by a financial institution, with evidence of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. Types of depositary receipts include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”). Depository receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted.

ADRs are receipts typically issued by an American bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Investments in ADRs have certain advantages over direct investment in the underlying foreign securities because: (i) ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated investments that are easily transferable and for which market quotations are readily available, and (ii) issuers whose securities are represented by ADRs are generally subject to auditing, accounting and financial reporting standards similar to those applied to domestic issuers. By investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers outside the U.S. a Fund may avoid certain risks related to investing in foreign securities in non-U.S. markets, however, ADRs do not eliminate all risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

EDRs are receipts issued in Europe that evidence a similar ownership arrangement. GDRs are receipts issued throughout the world that evidence a similar arrangement. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.

Depositary receipts may be purchased through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities, in which a Fund may invest. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the depositary security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts of the deposited securities.

Fund investments in depositary receipts, which include ADRs, GDRs and EDRs, are deemed to be investments in foreign securities for purposes of a Fund’s investment strategy.

Foreign Currencies

A Fund may invest directly and indirectly in foreign currencies. Investments in foreign currencies are subject to numerous risks not least being the fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the U.S. Dollar. Exchange rates fluctuate for a number of reasons.

Inflation. Exchange rates change to reflect changes in a currency’s buying power. Different countries experience different inflation rates due to different monetary and fiscal policies, different product and labor market conditions, and a host of other factors.

Trade Deficits. Countries with trade deficits tend to experience a depreciating currency. Inflation may be the cause of a trade deficit, making a country’s goods more expensive and less competitive and so reducing demand for its currency.

Interest Rates. High interest rates may raise currency values in the short term by making such currencies more attractive to investors. However, since high interest rates are often the result of high inflation, long-term results may be the opposite.

Budget Deficits and Low Savings Rates. Countries that run large budget deficits and save little of their national income tend to suffer a depreciating currency because they are forced to borrow abroad to finance their deficits. Payments of interest on this debt can inundate the currency markets with the currency of the debtor nation. Budget deficits also can indirectly contribute to currency depreciation if a government chooses inflationary measures to cope with its deficits and debt.

Political Factors. Political instability in a country can cause a currency to depreciate. Demand for a certain currency may fall if a country appears a less desirable place in which to invest and do business.

Government Control. Through their own buying and selling of currencies, the world’s central banks sometimes manipulate exchange rate movements. In addition, governments occasionally issue statements to influence people’s expectations about the direction of exchange rates, or they may instigate policies with an exchange rate target as the goal.

The value of a Fund’s investments is calculated in U.S. Dollars each day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business. As a result, to the extent that a Fund’s assets are invested in instruments denominated in foreign currencies and the currencies appreciate relative to the U.S. Dollar, a Fund’s NAV per share as expressed in U.S. Dollars (and, therefore, the value of your investment) should increase. If the U.S. Dollar appreciates relative to the other currencies, the opposite should occur.

The currency-related gains and losses experienced by a Fund will be based on changes in the value of portfolio securities attributable to currency fluctuations only in relation to the original purchase price of such securities as stated in U.S. Dollars. Gains or losses on shares of a Fund will be based on changes attributable to fluctuations in the NAV of such shares, expressed in U.S. Dollars, in relation to the original U.S. Dollar purchase price of the shares. The amount of appreciation or depreciation in a Fund’s assets also will be affected by the net investment income generated by the money market instruments in which each Fund invests and by changes in the value of the securities that are unrelated to changes in currency exchange rates.

A Fund may incur currency exchange costs when it sells instruments denominated in one currency and buys instruments denominated in another.

Currency Transactions. A Fund conducts currency exchange transactions on a spot basis. Currency transactions made on a spot basis are for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currency. A Fund also enters into forward currency contracts. See “Futures Contracts, Options, and Other Derivative Strategies” section below. A forward currency contract is an obligation to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into on the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A currency forward contract will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased, similar to when a fund sells a security denominated in one currency and purchases a security denominated in another currency. For example, a Fund may enter into a forward contract when it owns a security that is denominated in a non-U.S. currency and desires to “lock in” the U.S. dollar value of the security.

A Fund may invest in a combination of forward currency contracts and U.S. Dollar-denominated market instruments in an attempt to obtain an investment result that is substantially the same as a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated instrument. This investment technique creates a “synthetic” position in the particular foreign-currency instrument whose performance the Adviser is trying to duplicate. For example, the combination of U.S. Dollar-denominated instruments with “long” forward currency exchange contracts creates a position economically equivalent to a money market instrument denominated in the foreign currency itself. Such combined positions are sometimes necessary when the money market in a particular foreign currency is small or relatively illiquid.

A Fund may invest in forward currency contracts to hedge either specific transactions (transaction hedging) or portfolio positions (position hedging). Transaction hedging is the purchase or sale of forward currency contracts with respect to specific receivables or payables of a Fund in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. Position hedging is the sale of a forward currency contract on a particular currency with respect to portfolio positions denominated or quoted in that currency.

A Fund may use forward currency contracts for position hedging if consistent with its policy of trying to expose its net assets to foreign currencies. A Fund is not required to enter into forward currency contracts for hedging purposes and it is possible that a Fund may not be able to hedge against a currency devaluation that is so generally anticipated that a Fund is unable to contract to sell the currency at a price above the devaluation level it anticipates. It also is possible, under

certain circumstances, that a Fund may have to limit its currency transactions to continue to qualify as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). See “Dividends, Other Distributions and Taxes.”

Each Fund currently does not intend to enter into a forward currency contract with a term of more than one year, or to engage in position hedging with respect to the currency of a particular country to more than the aggregate market value (at the time the hedging transaction is entered into) of its portfolio securities denominated in (or quoted in or currently convertible into or directly related through the use of forward currency contracts in conjunction with money market instruments to) that particular currency.

Under definitions adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and SEC, non-deliverable forwards are considered swaps, and therefore are included in the definition of “commodity interests.” Although non-deliverable forwards have historically been traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market, as swaps they may in the future be required to be centrally cleared and traded on public facilities. For more information on central clearing and trading of cleared swaps, see “Cleared swaps,” “Risks of cleared swaps,” “Comprehensive swaps regulation” and “Developing government regulation of derivatives.” Currency forwards that qualify as deliverable forwards are not regulated as swaps for most purposes, and are not included in the definition of “commodity interests.” However these forwards are subject to some requirements applicable to swaps, including reporting to swap data repositories, documentation requirements, and business conduct rules applicable to swap dealers. CFTC regulation of currency forwards, especially non-deliverable forwards, may restrict a Fund’s ability to use these instruments in the manner described above or subject the investment manager to CFTC registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”).

At or before the maturity of a forward currency contract, a Fund may either sell a portfolio security and make delivery of the currency, or retain the security and terminate its contractual obligation to deliver the currency by buying an “offsetting” contract obligating it to buy, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the currency. If a Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it may later enter into a new forward currency contract to sell the currency.

If a Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it will incur a gain or loss to the extent that there has been movement in forward currency contract prices. If forward prices go down during the period between the date a Fund enters into a forward currency contract for the sale of a currency and the date it enters into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the currency, a Fund will realize a gain to the extent that the price of the currency it has agreed to sell exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to buy. If forward prices go up, a Fund will suffer a loss to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to buy exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to sell.

Since a Fund invests in money market instruments denominated in foreign currencies, it may hold foreign currencies pending investment or conversion into U.S. Dollars. Although a Fund values its assets daily in U.S. Dollars, it does not convert its holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars on a daily basis. A Fund will convert its holdings from time to time, however, and incur the costs of currency conversion. Foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, but they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they buy and sell various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to a Fund at one rate, and offer to buy the currency at a lower rate if a Fund tries to resell the currency to the dealer.

Risks of currency forward contracts. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, a Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. In addition, these techniques could result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. While a Fund uses only counterparties that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Currency forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for a Fund than if it had not engaged in such contracts. Moreover, there may be an imperfect correlation between a Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and the currencies bought or sold in the forward contracts entered into by a Fund. This imperfect correlation may cause a Fund to sustain losses that will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss.

Foreign Currency Options. A Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities and may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies. A Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the OTC market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options. OTC options differ from traded options in that they are two-party contracts with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options.

Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities

Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants such as Currency Exchange WarrantsSM (“CEWsSM”) are warrants which entitle the holder to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. Dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. Dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. Dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk which, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed-income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. Dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese yen or the Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. Dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, in the case the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.

Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”). Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.

Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (“PERLsSM”) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on “standard” principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. Dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. Dollar; “reverse” principal exchange rate linked securities are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. Dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. Dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). Principal exchange rate linked securities may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.

Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper (“PIPsSM”) is U.S. Dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. Dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.

Hybrid Instruments

A Fund may invest in hybrid instruments. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. A hybrid could be, for example, a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest, in addition to interest that accrues when oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. Dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the NAV of a Fund.

Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a Fund’s investment in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.

Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities

Each Fund may purchase and hold illiquid investments. The term “illiquid investments” for this purpose means any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. A Fund will not acquire illiquid securities if, as a result, such securities would comprise more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. Rafferty, subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees, has the ultimate authority to determine, to the extent permissible under the federal securities laws, which securities are liquid or illiquid for purposes of this 15% limitation under a Fund’s liquidity risk management program, adopted pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act. Illiquid securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. If, through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, a Fund should be in a position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets are invested in illiquid securities, including restricted securities which are not readily marketable, Rafferty will report such occurrence to the Board of Trustees and take such steps as are deemed advisable to protect liquidity in accordance with a Fund’s liquidity risk management program.

A Fund may not be able to sell illiquid investments when Rafferty considers it desirable to do so or may have to sell such investments at a price that is lower than the price that could be obtained if the investments were liquid. In addition, the sale of illiquid investments may require more time and result in higher dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of investments that are not illiquid. Illiquid investments also may be more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such investments, and investment in illiquid investments may have an adverse impact on NAV.

Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Institutional markets for restricted securities that have developed as a result of Rule 144A provide both readily ascertainable values for certain restricted securities and the ability to liquidate an investment to satisfy share redemption orders. This policy does not include restricted securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), which the Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Board” or “Trustees”), or Rafferty, under Board-approved guidelines, has determined are liquid. Each Fund currently does not anticipate investing in such restricted securities. However, to the extent that a Fund does invest in such restricted securities, an insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing Rule 144A-eligible securities held by a Fund could adversely affect the marketability of such portfolio securities, and a Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices.

Indexed Securities

A Fund may purchase indexed securities, which are securities, the value of which varies positively or negatively in relation to the value of other securities, securities indices or other financial indicators, consistent with its investment objective. Indexed securities may be debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Recent issuers of indexed securities have included banks, corporations and certain U.S. government agencies.

The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of the security or other instrument to which they are indexed and also may be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments. Certain indexed securities that are not traded on an established market may be deemed illiquid. See “Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities” above.

Inflation Protected Securities

Inflation protected securities are fixed income securities whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon. Inflation protected securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of approximately five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation adjusted principal amount.

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation protected bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. A Fund may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond to be repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount and, therefore, is subject to credit risk.

The value of inflation protected bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation protected bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation protected bonds. While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation, investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation protected bonds is tied to the non-seasonally adjusted U.S. City Average All Items Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), published monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy.

Any increase in principal for an inflation protected security resulting from inflation adjustments is considered by the IRS to be taxable income in the year it occurs. A Fund’s distributions to shareholders include interest income and the income attributable to principal adjustments, both of which will be taxable to shareholders. The tax treatment of the income attributable to principal adjustments may result in the situation where a Fund needs to make its required annual distributions to shareholders in amounts that exceed the cash received. As a result, a Fund may need to liquidate certain investments when it is not advantageous to do so. Also, if the principal value of an inflation protected security is adjusted downward due to deflation, amounts previously distributed in the taxable year may be characterized in some circumstances as a return of capital.

Junk Bonds

A Fund may invest in lower-rated debt securities, including securities in the lowest credit rating category, of any maturity, otherwise known as “junk bonds.”

Junk bonds generally offer a higher current yield than that available for higher-grade issues. However, lower-rated securities involve higher risks, in that they are especially subject to adverse changes in general economic conditions and in the industries

in which the issuers are engaged, to changes in the financial condition of the issuers and to price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates. During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to make payments of interest and principal and increase the possibility of default. In addition, the market for lower-rated debt securities has expanded rapidly in recent years, and its growth paralleled a long economic expansion. At times in recent years, the prices of many lower-rated debt securities declined substantially, reflecting an expectation that many issuers of such securities might experience financial difficulties. As a result, the yields on lower-rated debt securities rose dramatically, but such higher yields did not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities expected, but rather, the risk that holders of such securities could lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of the issuers’ financial restructuring or default. There can be no assurance that such declines will not recur.

The market for lower-rated debt issues generally is thinner and less active than that for higher quality securities, which may limit a Fund’s ability to sell such securities at fair value in response to changes in the economy or financial markets. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Changes by recognized rating services in their rating of a fixed-income security may affect the value of these investments. A Fund will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. However, Rafferty will monitor the investment to determine whether continued investment in the security will assist in meeting a Fund’s investment objective.

Interest Rate Risk

Many debt securities, derivatives and other financial instruments, including some of a Fund’s investments, have historically utilized the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as the reference or benchmark rate for variable interest rate calculations. In 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that after 2021 it would cease its active encouragement of UK banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. The ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (the “ICE”), the current administrator of LIBOR, ceased publishing most LIBOR maturities, including some U.S. dollar LIBOR maturities, on December 31, 2021, and the remaining and most liquid U.S. dollar LIBOR maturities ceased to be published after June 30, 2023.

The FCA previously announced that it would require the ICE to continue publishing a 3-month synthetic sterling LIBOR, which is expected to cease at the end of March 2024. On April 3, 2023, the FCA announced that it would require the ICE to continue publishing 1-, 3- and 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR until September 30, 2024 using an unrepresentative synthetic methodology (“synthetic U.S. dollar LIBOR”). Synthetic U.S. dollar LIBOR will be calculated using the same methodology used in the LIBOR Act. Synthetic U.S. dollar LIBOR cannot be used for cleared derivatives, but could be used in untransitioned legacy contracts unless they contain fallback language addressing LIBOR that has become “unrepresentative.” There is a risk that any of these synthetic U.S. dollar LIBOR maturities may cease to be published before these dates.

Also in 2017, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a group of large U.S. banks working with the Federal Reserve, announced its selection of a new Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”), which is a broad measure of the cost of overnight borrowings secured by Treasury Department securities, as an appropriate replacement for U.S. dollar LIBOR. Bank working groups and regulators in other countries have suggested other alternatives for their markets, including the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (“SONIA”) in England.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing SOFR in April, 2018, with the expectation that it could be used on a voluntary basis in new instruments and for new transactions under existing instruments. However, SOFR is fundamentally different from LIBOR. It is a secured, nearly risk-free rate, while LIBOR is an unsecured rate that includes an element of bank credit risk. Also, while term SOFR for various maturities has begun to be adopted by some parties and for some types of transactions, SOFR is strictly an overnight rate, while LIBOR historically has been published for various maturities, ranging from overnight to one year. Thus, LIBOR may be expected to be higher than SOFR, and the spread between the two is likely to widen in times of market stress. Certain existing contracts provide for a spread adjustment when transitioning to SOFR from LIBOR, but there is no assurance that it will provide adequate compensation. Term SOFR rates for various maturities, may not be available, recommended, or operationally feasible at the applicable benchmark replacement date.

Various financial industry groups have planned for and have implemented the transition from LIBOR to SOFR or another new benchmark, but there are obstacles to converting certain longer term securities and transactions. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets that currently rely on the LIBOR to determine interest rates. It also could lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against existing LIBOR-based instruments. Since the usefulness of LIBOR as a benchmark could deteriorate during the transition period, these effects could occur particularly with respect to synthetic values of LIBOR or could occur throughout the transition period.

Mortgage-Backed Securities

A Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. A mortgage-backed security is a type of pass-through security, which is a security representing pooled debt obligations repackaged as interests that pass income through an intermediary to investors. In the case of mortgage-backed securities, the ownership interest is in a pool of mortgage loans.

Mortgage-backed securities are most commonly issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae®” or “GNMA”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae®” or “FNMA”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac®” or “FHLMC”), but may also be issued or guaranteed by other private issuers. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. FNMA is a publicly owned, government-sponsored corporation that mostly packages mortgages backed by the Federal Housing Administration, but also sells some non-governmentally backed mortgages. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FNMA. FHLMC is a publicly chartered agency that buys qualifying residential mortgages from lenders, re-packages them and provides certain guarantees. Pass-through securities issued by FHLMC are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FHLMC.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) mandated that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac cease issuing their own mortgage-backed securities and begin issuing "Uniform Mortgage-Backed Securities" or "UMBS" in 2019. Each UMBS has a 55-day remittance cycle and can be used as collateral in either a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac security or held for investment. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than obligations directly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The average life of a mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities. Prepayments of principal by mortgagors and mortgage foreclosures will usually result in the return of the greater part of principal invested far in advance of the maturity of the mortgages in the pool.

Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities (collateral collectively hereinafter referred to as “Mortgage Assets”). Multi-class pass-through securities are interests in a trust composed of Mortgage Assets and all references in this section to CMOs include multi-class pass-through securities. Principal prepayments on the Mortgage Assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. The principal and interest payments on the Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgages are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.

Stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”) are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. A Fund will only invest in SMBS issued by Ginnie Mae, which are obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. SMBS are usually structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of Mortgage Assets. A Fund will only invest in SMBS whose Mortgage Assets are U.S. government obligations. A common type of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the Mortgage Assets, while the other class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying Mortgage Assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, each Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. The market value of any class which consists primarily, or entirely, of principal payments generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates.

Investment in mortgage-backed securities poses several risks, including among others, prepayment, market and credit risk. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages faster than expected, thereby affecting the investment’s average life and perhaps its yield. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages may also be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding, and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, and a Fund invested in such securities wishing to sell them may find it difficult to find a buyer, which may in turn decrease the price at which they may be sold. Credit risk reflects the risk that a Fund may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations. Obligations issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions. With

respect to GNMA certificates, although GNMA guarantees timely payment even if homeowners delay or default, tracking the “pass-through” payments may, at times, be difficult.

Municipal Obligations

A Fund may invest in municipal obligations. Municipal securities are fixed-income securities issued by states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities. Although most municipal securities are exempt from federal income tax, municipalities also may issue taxable securities. Tax exempt securities are generally classified by their source of payment. In addition to the usual risks associated with investing for income, the value of municipal obligations can be affected by changes in the actual or perceived credit quality of the issuers. The credit quality of a municipal obligation can be affected by, among other factors: a) the financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; b) the issuer’s future borrowing plans and sources of revenue; c) the economic feasibility of the revenue bond project or general borrowing purpose; d) political or economic developments in the region or jurisdiction where the security is issued; and e) the liquidity of the security. Because municipal obligations are generally traded OTC, the liquidity of a particular issue often depends on the willingness of dealers to make a market in the security. The liquidity of some municipal issues can be enhanced by demand features, which enable a Fund to demand payment from the issuer or a financial intermediary on short notice.

Futures Contracts, Options, and Other Derivative Strategies

Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices or other market factors (“reference assets”) and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, credit, currencies, commodities, digital assets or related indices. Derivative instruments can provide an efficient means to gain long or short exposure to the value of a reference asset without actually owning or selling the instrument. Examples of derivative instruments include futures contracts, swap agreements, options, options on futures contracts and forward currently contracts.

Each Fund may enter into derivatives instruments which may include futures contracts, forward contracts, options on currencies, commodities, indices, or futures contracts and swaps which provide long and short exposure to reference assets. Derivatives may be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests in non-derivative instruments. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.

The use of derivative instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the CFTC. In addition, a Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments will be limited by tax considerations. See “Dividends, Other Distributions and Taxes.”

Under current CFTC regulations, if a Fund uses commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts and swaps) other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish these positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase) may not exceed 5% of a Fund’s NAV, or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions, as determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). Accordingly, each Fund has registered as a commodity pool, and the Adviser has registered as a CPO, with the National Futures Association.

Each Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way a Fund operates, increase the particular costs of a Fund’s operation and/or change the competitive landscape. In this regard, any further amendment to the Commodity Exchange Act or its related regulations that subject a Fund to additional regulation may have adverse impacts on a Fund’s operations and expenses. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, which governs the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, imposes limits on the amount of derivatives a fund could enter into and eliminated the asset segregation framework previously used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the 1940 Act, and requires funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure to establish and maintain a derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager. Each Fund is in compliance with the requirements of Rule 18f-4.

In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below and in the Prospectus, Rafferty may discover additional derivative instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as Rafferty develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new derivative instruments or other techniques are developed. Rafferty may utilize these instruments or other similar or related techniques to the extent that they are consistent with a Fund’s investment objective and permitted by a Fund’s investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. A Fund’s Prospectus or this SAI will be supplemented to the extent that new products or techniques involve materially different risks than those described below or in the Prospectus.

Special Risks. The use of derivative instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below. Risks pertaining to particular derivative instruments are described in the sections that follow.

(1) Options and futures prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect or no correlation also may result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures and securities are traded, and from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts.

(2) As described below, a Fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (e.g., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If a Fund were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair a Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment when it would otherwise be favorable to do so or require that a Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. A Fund’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to a Fund.

(3) Losses may arise due to unanticipated market price movements, lack of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at a particular time or due to losses from premiums paid by a Fund on options transactions.

Cover. Transactions using derivative instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Fund to an obligation to another party. A Fund may not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or other options or futures contracts or (2) cash and liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. Each Fund will comply with contractual requirements regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the requirements so require, set aside cash or liquid assets in an account with its custodian, the Bank of New York Mellon ("BNYM"), in the prescribed amount as determined daily.

Assets used as cover or held in an account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding derivative instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Fund’s assets to cover or accounts could impede portfolio management or a Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Futures Contracts. A Fund may use certain options (traded on an exchange or OTC), futures contracts (sometimes referred to as “futures”) and options on futures contracts as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying security or index, to attempt to hedge or limit the exposure of a Fund’s position, to create a synthetic money market position, for certain tax-related purposes or to effect closing transactions.

Generally, a futures contract is a standard binding agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying reference instrument, such as a specific security, currency or commodity, at a specified price at a specified later date. A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying reference instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. The purchase or sale of a futures contract will allow a Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying reference instrument without having to buy the actual instrument.

The underlying reference instruments to which futures contracts may relate include non-U.S. currencies, interest rates, stock and bond indices and debt securities, including U.S. government debt obligations. In most cases the contractual obligation under a futures contract may be offset, or “closed out,” before the settlement date so that the parties do not have to make or take delivery. The closing out of a contractual obligation is usually accomplished by buying or selling, as the case may be, an identical, offsetting futures contract. This transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the underlying instrument or asset. If the original position entered into is a long position (futures contract purchased), there will be a gain (loss) if the offsetting sell transaction is carried out at a higher (lower) price, inclusive of commissions. If the original position entered into is a short position (futures contract sold) there will be a gain (loss) if the offsetting buy transaction is carried out at a lower (higher) price, inclusive of commissions.

Certain futures contracts are cash-settled, meaning the futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and purchaser to accept) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the final settlement price of a specific futures contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying asset is made.

Whether a Fund realizes a gain/loss from futures activities depends generally upon the movements in the underlying reference asset (generally a commodity, currency, security or index). The extent of a Fund’s loss from an unhedged short position in

a futures contract is potentially unlimited, and investors may lose the amount that they invest plus any profits recognized on their investment.

Futures contracts may be bought and sold on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts in the U.S. have been designed by exchanges that have been designated “contract markets” by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”), which is a brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant contract market. Each exchange guarantees performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Because all transactions in the futures market are made, offset, or fulfilled by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, a Fund will incur brokerage fees when it buys or sells futures contracts. A Fund generally buys and sells futures contracts only on contract markets (including exchanges or boards of trade) where there appears to be an active market for the futures contracts, but there is no assurance that an active market will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. An active market makes it more likely that futures contracts will be liquid and bought and sold at competitive market prices. In addition, many of the futures contracts available may be relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active market will develop or continue to exist.

When a Fund enters into a futures contract, it must deliver to an account controlled by the FCM (that has been selected by the Fund), an amount referred to as “initial margin” that is typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. Initial margin requirements are determined by the respective exchanges on which the futures contracts are traded and the FCM. Thereafter, a “variation margin” amount may be required to be paid by a Fund or received by a Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the marked-to-market value of the futures contract. The account is marked-to-market daily and the variation margin is monitored by a Fund’s investment manager and custodian on a daily basis. When the futures contract is closed out, if a Fund has a loss equal to, or greater than, the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If a Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to a Fund. If a Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund. Some futures contracts provide for the delivery of securities that are different than those that are specified in the contract. For a futures contract for delivery of debt securities, on the settlement date of the contract, adjustments to the contract can be made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of debt securities with a different interest rate from that of the particular debt securities that were specified in the contract. In some cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was written.

Risks of Futures Contracts. A Fund’s use of futures contracts is subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments generally. A Fund may not be able to properly effect its strategy when a liquid market is unavailable for the futures contract the Fund wishes to close, which may at times occur. If a Fund were unable to liquidate a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. A Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain cash or liquid assets in an account.

A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses to a Fund in excess of the amount that the Fund delivered as initial margin. Because of the relatively low margin deposits required, futures trading involves a high degree of leverage; as a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, or gain, to a Fund. In addition, if a Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements or close out a futures position, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Adverse market movements could cause a Fund to experience substantial losses on an investment in a futures contract. There is a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract. The assets of a Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use a Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.

The difference (called the “spread”) between prices in the cash market for the purchase and sale of the underlying reference instrument and the prices in the futures market is subject to fluctuations and distortions due to differences in the nature of those two markets. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal pricing spread between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery of the underlying instrument. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, resulting in pricing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements that apply in the futures market are less onerous than similar margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. When such distortions

occur, a correct forecast of general trends in the price of an underlying reference instrument by the investment manager may still not necessarily result in a profitable transaction.

Futures contracts that are traded on non-U.S. exchanges may not be as liquid as those purchased on CFTC-designated contract markets. In addition, non-U.S. futures contracts may be subject to varied regulatory oversight. The price of any non-U.S. futures contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any change in the non-U.S. exchange rate between the time a particular order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.

The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short position that any person, such as a Fund, may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading limits are also imposed on the maximum number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or restrictions. The regulation of futures, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law.

Futures exchanges may also limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. This daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts. There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.

Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while a Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.

In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for a Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for a Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.

The commodities which underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks which subject a Fund’s investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.

Forward Contracts. Each Fund may enter into equity, equity index or interest rate forward contracts for purposes of attempting to gain exposure to an index or group of securities without actually purchasing these securities, or to hedge a position. Forward contracts are two-party contracts pursuant to which one party agrees to pay the counterparty a fixed price for an agreed upon amount of commodities, securities, or the cash value of the commodities, securities or the securities index, at an agreed upon date. Because they are two-party contracts and may have terms greater than seven days, forward contracts may be considered to be illiquid for a Fund’s illiquid investment limitations. A Fund will not enter into any forward contract unless Rafferty believes that the other party to the transaction is creditworthy. A Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor.

Options. The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment and general market conditions. Options that expire unexercised have no value. Options currently are traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange® and other exchanges, as well as the OTC markets.

By buying a call option on a security, a Fund has the right, in return for the premium paid, to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price. By writing (selling) a call option and receiving a premium, a Fund becomes obligated during the term of the option to deliver securities underlying the option at the exercise price if the option is exercised. By buying a put option, a Fund has the right, in return for the premium, to sell the security underlying the option at the exercise price. By writing a put option, a Fund becomes obligated during the term of the option to purchase the securities underlying the option at the exercise price.

Because options premiums paid or received by a Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities.

A Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, a Fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, a Fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a Fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

Risks of Options on Currencies and Securities. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a Fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from which it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by a Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

A Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-traded options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration.

If a Fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a Fund could cause material losses because a Fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.

Options on Indices. An index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Options on indices give the holder the right to receive an amount of cash upon exercise of the option. Receipt of this cash amount will depend upon the closing level of the index upon which the option is based being greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. Some stock index options are based on a broad market index that includes more than nine constituents or on a narrower index which is generally considered to include only nine or fewer constituents.

Each of the exchanges has established limitations governing the maximum number of call or put options on the same index that may be bought or written by a single investor, whether acting alone or in concert with others (regardless of whether such options are written on the same or different exchanges or are held or written on one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). Under these limitations, option positions of all investment companies advised by Rafferty are combined for purposes of these limits. Pursuant to these limitations, an exchange may order the liquidation of positions and may impose other sanctions or restrictions. These position limits may restrict the number of listed options that a Fund may buy or sell.

Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a Fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from a Fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call multiplied by a specific factor (“multiplier”), which determines the total value for each point of such difference. When a Fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights to such call as are indicated above. When a Fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon a Fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to a Fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a Fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require a Fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and the exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

Risks of Options on Indices. If a Fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, a Fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a Fund great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

Options on Futures Contracts. When a Fund writes an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. If a Fund writes a call, it assumes a short futures position. If it writes a put, it assumes a long futures position. When a Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it acquires the right in return for the premium it pays to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put).

Whether a Fund realizes a gain or loss from futures activities depends upon movements in the underlying security or index. The extent of a Fund’s loss from an unhedged short position from writing unhedged call options on futures contracts is potentially unlimited. A Fund only purchases and sells options on futures contracts that are traded on a U.S. exchange or board of trade.

Purchasers and sellers of options on futures can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions in options, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in options on futures contracts may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If a Fund were unable to liquidate an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. A Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain cash or liquid assets in an account.

Risks of Options on Futures Contracts. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures markets), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationships between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions.

Combined Positions. A Fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other. For example, a Fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

Caps, Floors and Collars

A Fund may enter into caps, floors and collars relating to securities, interest rates or currencies. In a cap or floor, the buyer pays a premium (which is generally, but not always, a single up-front amount) for the right to receive payments from the other party if, on specified payment dates, the applicable rate, index or asset is greater than (in the case of a cap) or less than (in the case of a floor) an agreed level, for the period involved and the applicable notional amount. A collar is a combination instrument in which the same party buys a cap and sells a floor. Depending upon the terms of the cap and floor comprising the collar, the premiums will partially, or entirely, offset each other. The notional amount of a cap, collar or floor is used to calculate payments, but is not itself exchanged. A Fund may be both a buyer and seller of these instruments.

In addition, a Fund may engage in combinations of put and call options on securities (also commonly known as collars), which may involve physical delivery of securities. Like swaps, caps, floors and collars are very flexible products. The terms of the transactions entered by the Funds may vary from the typical examples described here.

Other Investment Companies

Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including open- and closed-end funds and exchange-traded fund ("ETF"). Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, a Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear a Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders bear in connection with a Fund’s own operations.

Each Fund intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies in accordance with the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act precludes a Fund from acquiring (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of another investment company; (ii) shares of another investment company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) shares of another registered investment company and all other investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. In addition, the Fund is subject to Section 12(d)(1)(C), which provides that the Fund may not acquire shares of a closed-end fund if, immediately after such acquisition, the Fund and other investment companies having the same adviser as the Fund would hold more than 10% of the closed-end fund’s total outstanding voting stock.

Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)(1)(A) and (B) shall not apply to securities of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or otherwise acquired by a Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of such investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund has not offered or sold, and is not proposing to offer or sell its shares through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price that includes a sales load of more than 1 1/2%. If a Fund invests in unaffiliated investment companies pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F), it must comply with the following voting restrictions: when the Fund exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to unaffiliated investment companies owned by the Fund, the Fund will either seek instruction from the Funds' shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or vote the shares held by a Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security. In addition, an unaffiliated investment company purchased by a Fund pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) shall not be required to redeem its shares in an amount exceeding 1% of such investment company’s total outstanding shares in any period of less than thirty days.

To the extent that a Fund invests in open-end or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in the securities of companies located outside the United States, see the risks related to foreign securities set forth above.

Rule 12d1-4 allows a fund or ETF to acquire the securities of another fund in excess of the limitations imposed by Section 12 of the 1940 Act without obtaining an exemptive order from the SEC subject to certain limitations and conditions. Prior to a fund acquiring securities of another fund that exceed the limits of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, the acquiring fund must enter into a Fund of Funds Agreement with the acquired fund. Rule 12d1-4 outlines the requirements of the Fund of Funds Agreements and specifies the responsibilities of Fund management related to “fund of funds” arrangements. Rule 12d1-4 was effective as of January 19, 2021 and its requirements have been implemented by the Funds that will be part of a fund of funds arrangement.

Exchange-Traded Products. Each Fund may invest in exchange traded products (“ETPs”), which include ETFs, partnerships, commodity pools or trusts that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. ETPs trade like stocks on a securities exchange at market price rather than NAV and, as a result, ETP shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). A Fund may also invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are structured debt securities, whereby the issuer of the ETN promises to pay ETN holders the return on an index or market segment over a certain period of time and then return the principal of the investment at maturity. Whereas ETPs’ liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs’ liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. Therefore, ETNs are subject to the credit risk of the issuer of the ETN, which is different than other ETPs. The value of an ETN security should also be expected to fluctuate with the credit rating of the issuer. Most ETPs and ETNs are designed to track a particular market segment or index, although an ETP or ETN may be actively managed. ETPs and ETNs share expenses associated with their operation, typically including advisory fees and other management expenses. When a Fund invests in an ETP or ETN, in addition to directly bearing expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear its pro rata portion of the ETP’s or ETN’s expenses. ETPs and ETNs trade like stocks on a securities exchange at market prices rather than NAV and as a result ETP or ETN shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). The risks of owning an ETP or ETN generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETP or ETN is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETP or ETN could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. In addition, because of ETP or ETN expenses, compared to owning the underlying securities directly, it may be more costly to own an ETP or ETN.

Additionally, a Fund may invest in swap agreements referencing ETFs. If a Fund invests in ETFs or swap agreements referencing ETFs, the underlying ETFs may not necessarily track the same index as a Fund.

Money Market Funds. Money market funds are open-end registered investment companies that historically have traded at a stable $1.00 per share price. However, money market funds that do not meet the definition of a “retail money market fund” or “government money market fund” under the 1940 Act are required to transact at a floating NAV per share (i.e., in a manner similar to how all other non-money market mutual funds transact), instead of at a $1.00 stable share price. Money market funds may also impose liquidity fees and redemption gates for use in times of market stress. If a Fund invests in a money market fund with a floating NAV, the impact on the trading and value of the money market instruments may negatively affect the Fund's return potential.

Real Estate Companies

A Fund may make investments in the securities of real estate companies, which are regarded as those which derive at least 50% of their respective revenues from the ownership, construction, financing, management or sale of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate, or have at least 50% of their respective assets in such real estate. Such investments include common stocks (including real estate investment trust shares, see “Real Estate Investment Trusts” below), rights or warrants to purchase common stocks, securities convertible into common stocks where the conversion feature represents, in Rafferty’s view, a significant element of the securities’ value, and preferred stocks.

Real Estate Investment Trusts

A Fund may make investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs include equity, mortgage and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs own real estate properties, and their revenue comes principally from rent. Mortgage REITs loan money to real estate owners, and their revenue comes principally from interest earned on their mortgage loans. Hybrid REITs combine characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. The value of an equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property, while a mortgage REIT may be affected by the quality of the credit extended. The performance of both types of REITs depends upon conditions in the real estate industry, management skills and the amount of cash flow. The risks associated with REITs include defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, failure to qualify as a pass-through entity under the federal tax law, failure to qualify as an exempt entity under the 1940 Act and the fact that REITs are not diversified.

Repurchase Agreements

A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System or securities dealers who are members of a national securities exchange or are primary dealers in U.S. government securities. Repurchase agreements generally are for a short period of time, usually less than a week. Under a repurchase agreement, a Fund purchases a U.S. government security and simultaneously agrees to sell the security back to the seller at a mutually agreed-upon future price and date, normally one day or a few days later. The resale price is greater than the purchase price, reflecting an agreed-upon market interest rate during a Fund’s holding period. While the maturities of the underlying securities in repurchase agreement transactions may be more than one year, the term of each repurchase agreement always will be less than one year. Repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days are considered to be illiquid investments. A Fund may not enter into such a repurchase agreement if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of its net assets would then be invested in such repurchase agreements and other illiquid investments. See “Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities” above.

A Fund will always receive, as collateral, securities whose market value, including accrued interest, at all times will be at least equal to 100% of the dollar amount invested by a Fund in each repurchase agreement. In the event of default or bankruptcy by the seller, a Fund will liquidate those securities (whose market value, including accrued interest, must be at least 100% of the amount invested by a Fund) held under the applicable repurchase agreement, which securities constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to repurchase the security. If the seller defaults, a Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral securing the repurchase agreement declines and might incur disposition costs in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy or similar proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by a Fund may be delayed or limited.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

A Fund may borrow by entering into reverse repurchase agreements with the same parties with whom it may enter into repurchase agreements. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, a Fund sells securities and agrees to repurchase them at

a mutually agreed to price. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish and maintain a segregated account with an approved custodian containing liquid high-grade securities, marked-to-market daily, having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained in lieu of sale by a Fund may decline below the price of the securities a Fund has sold but is obliged to repurchase. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. During that time, a Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement effectively may be restricted. Reverse repurchase agreements create leverage, a speculative factor, and are considered borrowings for the purpose of a Fund’s limitation on borrowing.

Securities Lending

Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers that Rafferty determines to be creditworthy. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, marked to market daily. Borrowers continuously secure their obligations to return securities on loan from a Fund by depositing any combination of short-term U.S. government securities and cash as collateral with a Fund. No securities loan will be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loaned by a Fund exceeds one-third of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received) or such lower limit as set by Rafferty or the Board. A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives, by way of substitute payment, the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities that it would have received if the securities were not on loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the borrowed securities that occurs during the term of the loan inures to the lending Fund and that Fund’s shareholders.

With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. A Fund is typically compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is typically compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. A Fund may also receive such fees on “special” loans that are cash-collateralized. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in money market funds. Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee. However, such investments are subject to investment risk.

Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return of cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund could experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its investment of cash collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund while its securities are loaned out will not be considered qualified dividend income.

Short Sales

A Fund may engage in short sale transactions under which a Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, a Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. A Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by a Fund. Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends that accrue during the period of the loan. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. A Fund will also incur transactions costs when conducting short sales.

Until a Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed stock, a Fund will: (1) maintain an account containing cash or liquid assets at such a level that (a) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the stock sold short and (b) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the stock at the time the stock was sold short; or (2) otherwise cover a Fund’s short position.

A Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sales or short exposure to reference assets utilizing derivatives if the price of the security or reference asset increases between the date of the short sale or exposure and the date on which a Fund replaces the borrowed security or terminates the derivatives providing short exposure. A Fund will realize a gain if the price of a security or reference asset declines in price between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and

the amount of any loss will be increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends or interest a Fund may be required to pay, if any, in connection with a short sale or derivatives that provide short exposure.

Swap Agreements

A Fund may enter into swap agreements and other derivatives to obtain long and/or short exposure to an underlying asset without actually purchasing such asset. Swap agreements are generally two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a day to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on, or increase/decrease, in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a security or “basket” of securities representing a particular index or an ETF representing a particular index or group of securities.

Each Fund may enter into swaps to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities. For example, in one common type of total return swap, a Fund’s counterparty will agree to pay the Fund the rate at which the specified asset or indicator (e.g., security, an ETF, or securities comprising a benchmark index, plus the dividends or interest that would have been received on those assets) increased in value multiplied by the relevant notional amount of the swap. A Fund will agree to pay to the counterparty an interest fee (based on the notional amount) and the rate at which, the specified asset or indicator would decreased in value multiplied by the notional amount of the swap, plus, in certain instances, commissions or trading spreads on the notional amount.

As a result, the swap has a similar economic effect as if a Fund were to invest in the assets underlying the swap in an amount equal to the notional amount of the swap. The return to the Fund on such swap should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends or interest on the assets less the interest paid by a Fund on the notional amount. However, unlike cash investments in the underlying assets, a Fund will not be an owner of the underlying assets and will not have voting or similar rights in respect of such assets.

As a trading technique, Rafferty may substitute physical securities with a swap having investment characteristics substantially similar to the underlying securities. A Fund may also enter into swaps that provide the opposite return of their benchmark or a security. Their operations are similar to that of the swaps discussed above except that the counterparty pays interest to each Fund on the notional amount outstanding and that dividends or interest on the underlying instruments reduce the value of the swap, plus, in certain instances, each Fund will agree to pay to the counterparty commissions or trading spreads on the notional amount. These amounts are often netted with any unrealized gain or loss to determine the value of the swap.

The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks in addition to, and in some cases different from, those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The primary risks associated with the use of swaps are mispricing or improper valuation, imperfect correlation between movements in the notional amount and the price of the underlying investments, and the inability of the counterparties or clearing organization to perform. If a counterparty’s creditworthiness for an over-the-counter swap declines, the value of the swap would likely decline. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a Fund could eliminate its exposure under an outstanding swap by entering into an offsetting swap with the same or another party. In addition, a Fund may use a combination of swaps on its underlying index and/or swaps on an ETF that is designed to track the performance of that underlying index. The performance of an ETF may deviate from the performance of its underlying index due to embedded costs and other factors. Thus, to the extent a Fund invests in swaps that use an ETF as the reference asset, the Fund may be subject to greater correlation risk and may not achieve as high a degree of leveraged or inverse leveraged correlation with its underlying index as it would if a Fund used only swaps on the underlying index. Rafferty, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of a Fund’s transactions in swaps.

Common Types of Swaps

A Fund may enter into any of several types of swaps, including:

Total Return Swaps. Total return swaps may be used either as economically similar substitutes for owning the reference asset specified in the swap, such as the securities that comprise a given market index, particular securities or commodities, or other assets or indicators. They also may be used as a means of obtaining exposure in markets where the reference asset is unavailable or it may otherwise be impossible or impracticable for a Fund to own that asset. “Total return” refers to the payment (or receipt) of the total return on the underlying reference asset, which is then exchanged for the receipt (or payment) of an interest rate. Total return swaps provide a Fund with the additional flexibility of gaining exposure to a market or sector index by using the most cost-effective vehicle available.

Interest Rate Swaps. Interest rate swaps, in their most basic form, involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest. For example, a Fund might exchange its right to receive certain floating rate payments in exchange for another party’s right to receive fixed rate payments. Interest rate swaps can take a variety of other forms, such as agreements to pay the net differences between two different interest indexes or rates.

Despite their differences in form, the function of interest rate swaps is generally the same: to increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates. For example, a Fund may enter into an interest rate swap to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio or to protect against any increase in the price of securities a Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.

Other Financial Instruments. Other forms of swaps that a Fund may enter into include: interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap”; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level, or “floor,” and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.

Mechanics of Swaps

Payments. Most swaps entered into by a Fund calculate and settle the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis” with a single payment. Consequently, a Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). Other swaps may require initial premium (discount) payments as well as periodic payments (receipts) related to the interest leg of the swap or to the default of the reference entity. A Fund’s current obligations under most swaps (e.g., total return swaps, equity/index swaps, interest rate swaps) will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to a Fund by the counterparty to the swap) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by segregating or earmarking cash or other assets determined to be liquid. However, typically no payments will be made until the settlement date. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to a swap agreement entered into on a net basis will be accrued daily and an amount of cash or liquid asset having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in an account with the Custodian that satisfies the 1940 Act. A Fund also will establish and maintain such accounts with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of a Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.

Counterparty Credit Risk. A Fund will not enter into any uncleared swap (i.e., not cleared by a central counterparty) unless Rafferty believes that the other party to the transaction is creditworthy. The counterparty to an uncleared swap will typically be a major global financial institution. A Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap counterparty. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swaps, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws that could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor. The counterparty risk for cleared swaps is generally lower than for uncleared over-the-counter swaps because, in a cleared swap, a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared swap. The clearing organization takes on the obligations of each side of the swap and a Fund would only be exposed to the clearing organization for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing organization, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to a Fund. Upon entering into a cleared swap, a Fund may be required to deposit with its futures commission merchant an amount of cash or cash equivalents equal to a small percentage of the notional amount (this amount is subject to change by the clearing organization that clears the trade). This amount is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the cleared swap and is returned to a Fund upon termination of the swap, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the swap fluctuates, making the long and short position in the swap contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” The premium (discount) payments are built into the daily price of the swap and thus are amortized through the subsequent payments. The subsequent payment also includes the daily portion of the periodic payment stream.

Termination and Default Risk. Swap agreements do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets. Accordingly, if a swap is entered into on a net basis, if the other party to a swap agreement defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any.

Swap Regulation

In recent years, regulators across the globe, including the CFTC and the U.S. banking regulators, have adopted collateral requirements applicable to uncleared swaps. While a Fund is not directly subject to these requirements, where a Fund’s counterparty is subject to the requirements, uncleared swaps between a Fund and that counterparty are required to be marked-to-market on a daily basis, and collateral is required to be exchanged to account for any changes in the value of such swaps above certain agreed upon thresholds. The rules impose a number of requirements as to these exchanges of collateral, including as to the timing of transfers, the type of collateral (and valuations for such collateral) and other matters that may be different than what a Fund would agree with its counterparty in the absence of such regulation. In all events, where a Fund is required to post collateral to its swap counterparty, such collateral will be posted to an independent bank custodian, where access to the collateral by the swap counterparty will generally not be permitted unless a Fund is in default on its obligations to the swap counterparty.

In addition to the marked-to-market collateral requirements, regulators have adopted “initial” collateral requirements applicable to uncleared swaps. Where applicable, these rules require parties to an uncleared swap to post, to a custodian that is independent from the parties to the swap, collateral (in addition to any marked-to-market collateral noted above) in an amount that is either (i) specified in a schedule in the rules or (ii) calculated by the regulated party in accordance with a model that has been approved by that party’s regulator(s). The initial collateral rules only apply to the swap trading relationships of Funds with average aggregate notional amounts that exceed $8 billion. If the Fund is subject to an initial margin obligation, these rules may impose significant costs on a Fund’s ability to engage in uncleared swaps and, as such, could adversely affect Rafferty’s ability to manage a Fund, may impair a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and/or may result in reduced returns to a Fund’s investors.

Comprehensive swaps regulation. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments have imposed comprehensive new regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market participants. The regulatory framework includes: (1) registration and regulation of swap dealers; (2) requiring central clearing and execution of standardized swaps; (3) imposing collateral requirements on swap transactions; (4) regulating and monitoring swap transactions through position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (5) imposing recordkeeping and centralized and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as “security-based swaps,” which includes swaps on single securities or credits, or narrow-based indices of securities or credits.

Uncleared swaps. In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. A Fund customarily enters into uncleared swaps based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the OTC derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts. In the event that one party to a swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the counterparty. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting or non-defaulting party, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. Early termination payments may be calculated in various ways, but are intended to approximate the amount the “in-the-money” party would have to pay to replace the swap as of the date of its termination. During the term of an uncleared swap, a Fund will be required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by a Fund to the counterparty if all outstanding swaps between the parties were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument. Likewise, the counterparty will be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to a Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to a Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to a Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to a Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss. Rules requiring initial collateral to be posted by certain market participants for uncleared swaps have been adopted. If a Fund is deemed to have material swaps exposure under applicable swap regulations, it will be required to post initial collateral in addition to marked-to-market collateral.

Cleared swaps. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and exchange-trading. The Dodd-Frank Act and implementing rules will ultimately require the clearing and exchange-trading of many swaps. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant, CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing and public trading facilities making such cleared swaps available to trade. To date, the CFTC has designated only certain of the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps as subject to mandatory clearing and certain public trading facilities have made certain of those cleared swaps available to trade, additional categories of swaps may in the future be designated as subject to mandatory clearing and trade execution requirements. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not eliminate these risks and may involve additional costs and risks not involved with uncleared swaps. For more information, see “Risks of cleared swaps” below.

In a cleared swap, a Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require a Fund to incur increased expenses to access the same types of swaps that it has used in the past. When a Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via the FCM) initial collateral. The initial collateral requirements are determined by the central counterparty, and are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of the cleared swap over a fixed period, but an FCM may require additional collateral above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, an additional collateral amount may also be required to be paid by a Fund or may be received by a Fund in accordance with collateral controls set for such accounts. If the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of a Fund’s position increases,

the FCM will post additional amounts to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if a Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the collateral amount, the collateral amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the collateral amount. If a Fund has a loss of less than the collateral amount, the excess collateral is returned to a Fund. If a Fund has a gain, the full collateral amount and the amount of the gain is paid to a Fund.

Risks of swaps generally. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether a Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict which types of investments are likely to produce greater returns. If the Adviser, in using swap agreements, is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, inflation, currency exchange rates or other applicable factors, the investment performance of a Fund will be less than its performance would have been if it had not used the swap agreements. The risk of loss to a Fund for swap transactions that are entered into on a net basis depends on which party is obligated to pay the net amount to the other party. If the counterparty is obligated to pay the net amount to a Fund, the risk of loss to the Fund is loss of the entire amount that the Fund is entitled to receive. If a Fund is obligated to pay the net amount, the Fund’s risk of loss is generally limited to that net amount. If the swap agreement involves the exchange of the entire principal value of a security, the entire principal value of that security is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. In addition, a Fund’s risk of loss also includes any collateral at risk in the event of default by the counterparty (in an uncleared swap) or the central counterparty or FCM (in a cleared swap), plus any transaction costs.

Because bilateral swap agreements are structured as two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, these swaps may be considered to be illiquid and, therefore, subject to a Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, a Fund may not be able to establish or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. Participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade. Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. Some swap agreements entail complex terms and may require a greater degree of subjectivity in their valuation. However, the swap markets have grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of financial institutions acting both as principals and agents, utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap markets have become increasingly liquid. In addition, central clearing and the trading of cleared swaps on public facilities are intended to increase liquidity.

Rafferty, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of a Fund’s swap transactions. Rules adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act require centralized reporting of detailed information about many swaps, whether cleared or uncleared. This information is available to regulators and also, to a more limited extent and on an anonymous basis, to the public. Reporting of swap data is intended to result in greater market transparency. This may be beneficial to funds that use swaps in their trading strategies. However, public reporting imposes additional recordkeeping burdens on these funds, and the safeguards established to protect anonymity are not yet tested and may not provide protection of a Fund’s identity as intended. Certain IRS positions may limit a Fund’s ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy. It is possible that developments in the swap markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to benefit from using swap agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences. For more information about potentially changing regulation, see “Developing government regulation of derivatives” below.

Risks of uncleared swaps. Uncleared swaps are typically executed bilaterally with a swap dealer rather than traded on exchanges. As a result, swap participants may not be as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, a Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. A Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amounts under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty. In such an event, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor. If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses. The Adviser will only approve a swap agreement counterparty for a Fund if the Adviser deems the counterparty to be creditworthy. However, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited.

Risks of cleared swaps. As noted above, under recent financial reforms, certain types of swaps are, and others eventually are expected to be, required to be cleared through a central counterparty, which may affect counterparty risk and other risks faced by a Fund.

Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely and may involve additional costs and risks not involved with uncleared swaps. There is also a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation collateral deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which a Fund has

an open position, or the central counterparty in a swap contract. The assets of a Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because a Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and collateral segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.

With cleared swaps, a Fund may not be able to obtain terms as favorable as it would be able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with the Fund, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional collateral requirements with respect to a Fund’s investment in certain types of swaps. Central counterparties and FCMs can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions upon the occurrence of certain events, and can also require increases in collateral above the amount that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement. Currently, depending on a number of factors, the collateral required under the rules of the clearinghouse and FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a Fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

Finally, a Fund is subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or central counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, a Fund may be required to break the trade and make an early termination payment to the executing broker.

Developing government regulation of derivatives. The regulation of cleared and uncleared swaps, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher collateral requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading. It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. However, it is possible that developments in government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, such as speculative position limits on certain types of derivatives, or limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which a Fund engages in derivative transactions, may limit or prevent the Fund from using or limit the Fund’s use of these instruments effectively as a part of its investment strategy, and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment goal(s). The Adviser will continue to monitor developments in the area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect a Fund’s ability to enter into desired swap agreements. New requirements, even if not directly applicable to a Fund, may increase the cost of a Fund’s investments and cost of doing business.

Unrated Debt Securities

A Fund may also invest in unrated debt securities. Unrated debt, while not necessarily lower in quality than rated securities, may not have as broad a market. Because of the size and perceived demand for the issue, among other factors, certain issuers may decide not to pay the cost of getting a rating for their bonds. The creditworthiness of the issuer, as well as any financial institution or other party responsible for payments on the security, will be analyzed to determine whether to purchase unrated bonds.

U.S. Government Securities

A Fund may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. government securities”) in pursuit of its investment objective, in order to deposit such securities as initial or variation margin, as “cover” for the investment techniques it employs, as part of a cash reserve or for liquidity purposes.

U.S. government securities are high-quality instruments issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Treasury Department (“U.S. Treasury”) or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government. Not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are backed by discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agencies’ obligations; while others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment.

Yields on short-, intermediate- and long-term U.S. government securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular offering and the maturity of the obligation. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market value of U.S. government securities generally varies inversely with changes in the market interest rates. An increase in interest rates, therefore, generally would reduce the market value of a Fund’s portfolio investments in U.S. government securities, while a decline in interest rates generally would increase the market value of a Fund’s portfolio investments in these securities. U.S. government securities include U.S. Treasury obligations,

which includes U.S. Treasury Bills (which mature within one year of the date they are issued), U.S. Treasury Notes (which have maturities of one to ten years) and U.S. Treasury Bonds (which generally have maturities of more than 10 years). All such U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.

U.S. government securities also include obligations issued by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities (“GSEs”) that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (such as securities issued or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, Ginnie Mae®, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the General Services Administration and the Maritime Administration and certain securities issued by the Small Business Administration).

Also, U.S. government securities include securities that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or the Federal Home Loan Banks). These U.S. government-sponsored entities, although chartered and sponsored by the U.S. Congress, are not guaranteed, nor insured, by the U.S. government. They are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or corporation.

Since 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been in conservatorship and have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases, as well as U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage backed securities (“MBS”). The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury (through its agreement to purchase Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock) have imposed strict limits on the size of their mortgage portfolios. The MBS purchase programs technically ended in 2010 but the U.S. Treasury has continued its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth through at least 2012 and other governmental entities have provided significant support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.There is no guarantee, however, that they will continue to do so. An FHFA stress test suggested that in a “severely adverse scenario” additional Treasury support of between $42.1 billion and $77.6 billion (depending on the treatment of deferred tax assets) might be required. Since then Congress has permanently reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% starting January 1, 2018. This reduction could cause a substantial net loss and net worth deficit for the year in which the legislation is enacted. Should they experience such a net worth deficit, they could be required to draw additional funds from the U.S. Treasury to avoid being placed in receivership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and MBSs that they issue.

In addition, the problems faced by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship and receiving significant U.S. government support, have sparked serious debate among federal policy makers regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans. In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act (“TCCA”) of 2011 which, among other provisions, requires that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac increase their single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022. Nevertheless, discussions among policymakers have continued as to whether Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should be nationalized, privatized, restructured, or eliminated altogether. In September 2019, the U.S. Treasury released its plan to reform the housing finance system, which includes reforms to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The impact of these reforms are not yet known. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations related to certain accounting, disclosure, or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities.

U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises

U.S. government sponsored enterprises (“GSE”) securities are securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Some obligations issued by GSEs are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality and others only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. Those securities bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. Interest may fluctuate based on generally recognized reference rates or the relationship of rates. While the U.S. government currently provides financial support to such GSEs or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so, since it is not so obligated by law.

Certain U.S. government debt securities, such as securities of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Others, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae® and Freddie Mac®, are supported only by the credit of the corporation. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, a fund must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitments. The U.S. government may choose not to provide financial support to GSEs or instrumentalities if it is not legally obligated to do so. A fund will invest in securities of such instrumentalities only when Rafferty is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to any such instrumentality is comparatively minimal.

When-Issued Securities

A Fund may enter into firm commitment agreements for the purchase of securities on a specified future date. A Fund may purchase, for example, new issues of fixed-income instruments on a when-issued basis, whereby the payment obligation, or yield to maturity, or coupon rate on the instruments may not be fixed at the time of transaction. A Fund will not purchase

securities on a when-issued basis if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be so invested. If a Fund enters into a firm commitment agreement, liability for the purchase price and the rights and risks of ownership of the security accrue to a Fund at the time it becomes obligated to purchase such security, although delivery and payment occur at a later date. Accordingly, if the market price of the security should decline, the effect of such an agreement would be to obligate a Fund to purchase the security at a price above the current market price on the date of delivery and payment.

Zero-Coupon, Payment-In-Kind and Strip Securities

A Fund may invest in zero-coupon, payment-in-kind and strip securities of any rating or maturity. Zero-coupon securities make no periodic interest payment but are sold at a deep discount from their face value, otherwise known as “original issue discount” or “OID.” The buyer earns a rate of return determined by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on a specified maturity date. The OID varies depending on the time remaining until maturity, as well as market interest rates, liquidity of the security, and the issuer’s perceived credit quality. If the issuer defaults, a Fund may not receive any return on its investment. Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest and compound semi-annually at the rate fixed at the time of issuance, their value generally is more volatile than the value of other fixed-income securities. Since zero-coupon security holders do not receive interest payments, when interest rates rise, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically in value than securities paying interest on a current basis. When interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value because the securities reflect a fixed rate of return. Payment-in-kind securities allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments either in cash or in additional debt obligations of the issuer. Both zero-coupon securities and payment-in-kind securities allow an issuer to avoid the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments.

An investment in zero-coupon securities and delayed interest securities (which do not make interest payments until after a specified time) may cause a Fund to recognize income and be required to make distributions thereof to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on its investment. Moreover, even though payment-in-kind securities do not pay current interest in cash, a Fund nonetheless is required to accrue interest income on these investments and to distribute the interest income at least annually to shareholders. See “Dividends, Other Distributions and Taxes – Income from Zero Coupon and Payment-in-Kind Securities.” Thus, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments to satisfy distribution requirements.

A Fund may also invest in strips, which are debt securities whose interest coupons are taken out and traded separately after the securities are issued but otherwise are comparable to zero-coupon securities. Like zero-coupon securities and payment-in-kind securities, strips are generally more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than interest paying securities of comparable term and quality.

Other Investment Risks and Practices

Borrowing. A Fund may borrow money for investment purposes, which is a form of leveraging. Leveraging investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a speculative technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment opportunity. Leverage will magnify changes in a Fund’s NAV and on a Fund’s investments. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, a Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for a Fund. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest a Fund will have to pay, that Fund’s net income will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of a Fund will be less than it would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for shareholders will be reduced.

A Fund may borrow money to facilitate management of a Fund’s portfolio by enabling a Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio instruments would be inconvenient or disadvantageous. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the borrowing Fund promptly.

As required by the 1940 Act, a Fund must maintain continuous asset coverage (total assets, including assets acquired with borrowed funds, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of all amounts borrowed. If at any time the value of the required asset coverage declines as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio investments within three days to reduce the amount of its borrowings and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell portfolio instruments at that time.

Portfolio Turnover. The Trust anticipates that each Fund’s annual portfolio turnover may vary year to year. A Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by the value of the securities purchased or securities sold, excluding all securities whose terms-to-maturity at the time of acquisition were less than 397 days, divided by the average monthly value of such securities owned during the year. Based on this calculation, instruments with remaining terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days are excluded from the portfolio turnover rate. Such instruments generally would include futures contracts and options, since such contracts generally have remaining terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days. In any given period, all of a Fund’s investments may have remaining terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days; in that case, the portfolio turnover rate for that period would be equal

to zero. However, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate calculated with all securities whose terms-to-maturity were less than 397 days is anticipated to be unusually high.

High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to a Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales also may result in adverse tax consequences to a Fund’s shareholders resulting from its distributions of increased net capital gains, if any, recognized as a result of the sales. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover for the Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares, and the Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares increased from the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 due to an increase in net assets or increased volatility in assets.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover for the Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares and the Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares decreased from the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 due to a decrease in net assets and/or decrease in volatility of net assets.

Correlation and Tracking Risk

Several factors may affect a Fund's ability to obtain its daily leveraged investment objective. Among these factors are: (1) Fund expenses, including brokerage expenses and commissions and financing costs related to derivatives (which may be increased by high portfolio turnover); (2) less than all of the securities in the underlying index being held by a Fund and securities not included in the underlying index being held by a Fund; (3) an imperfect correlation between the performance of instruments held by a Fund, such as other investment companies, including ETFs, futures contracts and options, and the performance of the underlying securities in the cash market comprising an index; (4) bid-ask spreads; (5) a Fund holding instruments that are illiquid or the market for which becomes disrupted; (6) the need to conform a Fund’s portfolio holdings to comply with the Fund’s investment restrictions or policies, or regulatory or tax law requirements; (7) market movements that run counter to a Fund’s investments (which will cause divergence between a Fund and its underlying index over time due to the mathematical effects of leveraging); and (8) disruptions and illiquidity in the markets for securities or derivatives held by a Fund.

While index futures and options contracts closely correlate with the applicable indices over long periods, shorter-term deviation, such as on a daily basis, does occur with these instruments. As a result, a Fund’s short-term performance will reflect such deviation from its underlying index. A Fund may use a combination of swaps on its underlying index and swaps on an ETF whose investment objective is to track the performance of the same index, or a substantially similar index, to achieve its investment objective. The reference ETF may not closely track the performance of its underlying index due to fees and other costs borne by the ETF and other factors. Thus, to the extent that a Fund invests in swaps that use an ETF as a reference asset, a Fund may be subject to greater correlation risk and may not achieve as high a degree of leveraged or inverse leveraged correlation with its underlying index as it would if a Fund used swaps that utilized an underlying index as the reference asset. Any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using derivatives may also reduce a Fund’s return.

Even if there is a perfect correlation between a Fund and the leveraged return of its underlying index on a daily basis, the symmetry between the changes in the underlying index and the changes in a Fund’s NAV can be altered significantly over time by a compounding effect. For example, if a Bull Fund achieved a perfect leveraged correlation with its underlying index on every trading day over an extended period and the level of returns of that index significantly increased during that period, a compounding effect for that period would result, causing an increase in a Bull Fund’s NAV by a percentage that is somewhat greater than the percentage that the underlying index’s returns decreased. Conversely, if a Bear Fund maintained a perfect inverse leveraged correlation with its underlying index over an extended period and if the level of returns of that index significantly increased over that period, a compounding effect would result, causing a decrease of a Bear Fund’s NAV by a percentage that would be somewhat less than the percentage that the underlying index returns increased.

Leverage

Each Fund intends regularly to use leveraged investment techniques in pursuing its investment objectives. Utilization of leverage involves special risks and should be considered to be speculative. Leverage exists when a Fund achieves the right to a return on a capital base that exceeds the amount of the Fund’s net assets. Leverage creates the potential for greater gains to shareholders of a Fund during favorable market conditions and the risk of magnified losses during adverse market conditions. Leverage is likely to cause higher volatility of the NAV of each Fund’s Shares. Leverage may involve the creation of a liability that does not entail any interest costs or the creation of a liability that requires a Fund to pay interest which

would decrease the Fund’s total return to shareholders. If each Fund achieves its investment objective, during adverse market conditions, shareholders should experience a loss greater than they would have incurred had a Fund not been leveraged.

Special Note Regarding the Correlation Risks of the Funds. As discussed in the Prospectus, each Fund is “leveraged” meaning it has an investment objective to match 300% or -300% of the performance of its underlying index on a given day. Each Fund is subject to all of the correlation risks described in the Prospectus. In addition, there is a special form of correlation risk that derives from each Fund’s use of leverage, which is that for periods greater than one day, the use of leverage tends to cause the performance of a Fund to be either greater than, or less than, 300% or -300% of the performance of its underlying index.

A Fund’s return for periods longer than one day is primarily a function of the following:

a) underlying index performance;

b) underlying index volatility;

c) financing rates associated with leverage;

d) other fund expenses;

e) dividends paid by companies in the underlying index; and

f) period of time.

The performance for a Fund can be estimated given any set of assumptions for the factors described above. Illustrated below is the impact of two factors, underlying index volatility and underlying index performance, on a Fund. Underlying index volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns of the index and is calculated as the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of one plus the index return (calculated daily), multiplied by the square root of the number of trading days per year (assumed to be 252). The illustration estimates Fund returns for a number of combinations of underlying index performance and underlying index volatility over a one year period and assumes: a) no dividends paid; b) no fund expenses; and c) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain leverage) of zero percent. If fund expenses were included, a Fund’s performance would be lower than shown.

As shown below, a Bull Fund would be expected to lose 17.1% and a Bear Fund would be expected to lose 31.3% if the underlying index provided no return over a one year period during which the underlying index experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the underlying index’s annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one year period widens to approximately 81.5% for a Bull Fund and 96.6% for a Bear Fund. At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a near complete loss of value even if the underlying index is flat. For instance, if the underlying index’s annualized volatility is 100%, it is likely that a Bull Fund would lose 95% of its value, and a Bear Fund would lose approximately 100% of its value, even if the underlying index’s cumulative return for the year was only 0%. The volatility of exchange traded securities or instruments that reflect the value of an underlying index may differ from the volatility of an underlying index.

In the tables below, areas shaded green represent those scenarios where a Fund with the investment objective described will outperform (i.e., return more than) the underlying index’s performance times the stated multiple in the Fund’s investment objective; conversely areas shaded red represent those scenarios where the Fund will underperform (i.e., return less than) the underlying index’s performance times the stated multiple in the Fund’s investment objective.

The tables below are intended to underscore the fact that the Funds are designed as short-term trading vehicles for investors who intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. They are not intended to be used by, and are not appropriate for, investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. For additional information regarding correlation and volatility risk for the Funds, see “Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” in the Prospectus.

Bull Fund

One Year Index	300% One Year Index	Volatility Rate
Return	Return	10%	25%	50%	75%	100%
-60%	-180%	-93.8%	-94.7%	-97.0%	-98.8%	-99.7%
-50%	-150%	-87.9%	-89.6%	-94.1%	-97.7%	-99.4%
-40%	-120%	-79.0%	-82.1%	-89.8%	-96.0%	-98.9%
-30%	-90%	-66.7%	-71.6%	-83.8%	-93.7%	-98.3%
-20%	-60%	-50.3%	-57.6%	-75.8%	-90.5%	-97.5%
-10%	-30%	-29.3%	-39.6%	-65.6%	-86.5%	-96.4%
0%	0%	-3.0%	-17.1%	-52.8%	-81.5%	-95.0%
10%	30%	29.2%	10.3%	-37.1%	-75.4%	-93.4%
20%	60%	67.7%	43.3%	-18.4%	-68.0%	-91.4%
30%	90%	113.2%	82.1%	3.8%	-59.4%	-89.1%
40%	120%	166.3%	127.5%	29.6%	-49.2%	-86.3%
50%	150%	227.5%	179.8%	59.4%	-37.6%	-83.2%
60%	180%	297.5%	239.6%	93.5%	-24.2%	-79.6%

Bear Fund

One Year Index	-300% One Year Index	Volatility Rate
Return	Return	10%	25%	50%	75%	100%
-60%	180%	1371.5%	973.9%	248.6%	-46.5%	-96.1%
-50%	150%	653.4%	449.8%	78.5%	-72.6%	-98.0%
-40%	120%	336.0%	218.2%	3.3%	-84.2%	-98.9%
-30%	90%	174.6%	100.4%	-34.9%	-90.0%	-99.3%
-20%	60%	83.9%	34.2%	-56.4%	-93.3%	-99.5%
-10%	30%	29.2%	-5.7%	-69.4%	-95.3%	-99.7%
0%	0%	-5.8%	-31.3%	-77.7%	-96.6%	-99.8%
10%	-30%	-29.2%	-48.4%	-83.2%	-97.4%	-99.8%
20%	-60%	-45.5%	-60.2%	-87.1%	-98.0%	-99.9%
30%	-90%	-57.1%	-68.7%	-89.8%	-98.4%	-99.9%
40%	-120%	-65.7%	-75.0%	-91.9%	-98.8%	-99.9%
50%	-150%	-72.1%	-79.6%	-93.4%	-99.0%	-99.9%
60%	-180%	-77.0%	-83.2%	-94.6%	-99.2%	-99.9%

The foregoing tables are intended to isolate the effect of underlying index volatility and underlying index performance on the return of a Fund. A Fund’s actual returns may be significantly greater or less than the returns shown above as a result of any of factors discussed above or under “Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk” in the Prospectus.

Cybersecurity Risk

The Funds may be susceptible to operational risks through breaches in cybersecurity. A cybersecurity incident may refer to either intentional or unintentional events that allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, investor data, or proprietary information, or cause a Fund or a service provider to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident could, among other things, result in the loss or theft of investor data or funds, employees being unable to access electronic systems (“denial of services”), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs. Any of these results could have a substantial impact on the Funds. For example, if a cybersecurity incident results in a denial of service, employees could be unable to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Funds, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting or fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions. Cybersecurity incidents could cause a Fund, the Funds' Adviser or any of its service providers to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude. They may also cause a Fund to violate applicable privacy and other laws. The Funds' Adviser and service providers have established risk management program and systems that seek to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, as well as business continuity plans in the event there is a cybersecurity breach. However, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially since a Fund does not directly control the cybersecurity systems of the issuers of securities in which each Fund invests or the Funds' third party service providers (including the Funds' transfer agent and custodian).

Investment Restrictions

The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has adopted the following investment policies which are fundamental policies that may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. As defined by the 1940 Act, a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a shareholders’ meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

For purposes of the following limitations, all percentage limitations apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment. Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of the investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restrictions. If at any time a Fund’s borrowings exceed its limitations due to a decline in net assets, such borrowings will be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays), or such longer period as may be permitted by the 1940 Act, to the extent necessary to comply with the one-third limitation.

Each Fund may not:

Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

Except for any Fund that is “concentrated” in an industry or group of industries within the meaning of the 1940 Act, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, 25% or more of a Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of companies whose principal business activities are in the same industry. However, each Fund that tracks an underlying index will only concentrate its investment in a particular industry or group of industries to approximately the same extent as its underlying index is so concentrated.

Purchase or sell real estate, except that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, each Fund may (a) invest in securities or other instruments directly secured by real estate, and (b) invest in securities or other instruments issued by issuers that invest in real estate.

Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments issued by persons that purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts; but this shall not prevent a Fund from purchasing, selling and entering into financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates and currencies), and options on financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates and currencies), warrants, swaps, forward contracts, foreign currency spot and forward contracts and other financial instruments.

Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that a Fund may be considered an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act in the disposition of restricted securities or other investment company securities.

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage

Subject to the general supervision by the Trustees, Rafferty is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities and derivatives for each Fund, the selection of broker-dealers to effect the transactions, and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Rafferty expects that a Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealers, for a commission, in conformity with the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder.

When selecting a broker or dealer to execute portfolio transactions, Rafferty considers many factors, including the rate of commission or the size of the broker-dealer’s “spread,” the size and difficulty of the order, the nature of the market for the security, operational capabilities of the broker-dealer and the research, statistical and economic data furnished by the broker-dealer to Rafferty.

In effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund, Rafferty seeks to receive the closing prices of securities that are in line with those of the securities included in a Fund's underlying index and seeks to execute trades of such securities at the commission rates reasonably available. With respect to agency transactions, Rafferty may execute trades at a higher rate of commission if reasonable in relation to brokerage and research services provided to a Fund or Rafferty. Such services may include the following: information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale; statistical or factual information or opinions

pertaining to investment; wire services; and appraisals or evaluations of portfolio securities. During the last fiscal year, no Fund directed its brokerage commissions to a broker because of research provided.

Each Fund believes that the requirement to always seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude a Fund and Rafferty from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, Rafferty relies upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction. In addition to commission rates, when selecting a broker for a particular transaction, Rafferty considers the following factors, among others: the broker’s availability, willingness to commit capital, reputation and integrity, facilities reliability, access to research, execution capacity and responsiveness.

For purchases and sales of derivatives (i.e., financial instruments whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset, interest rate or index), Rafferty evaluates counterparties on the following factors: reputation and financial strength; execution prices, commission costs, ability to handle complex orders; ability to provide prompt and full execution; accuracy of reports and confirmation provided; reliability; type and quality of research provided; financing and other associated costs related to the transaction; and whether the total cost or proceeds in each transaction is the most favorable under the circumstances.

Rafferty may use research and services provided to it by brokers in servicing a Fund; however, not all such services may be used by Rafferty in connection with a Fund. While the receipt of such information and services is useful in varying degrees and may reduce the amount of research or services otherwise provided to a Fund by Rafferty, the receipt of such information and these services does not reduce the investment advisory fee paid by a Fund.

Purchases and sales of U.S. government securities normally are transacted through issuers, underwriters or major dealers in U.S. government securities acting as principals. Such transactions are made on a net basis and do not involve payment of brokerage commissions. The cost of securities purchased from an underwriter usually includes a commission paid by the issuer to the underwriters; transactions with dealers normally reflect the spread between bid and asked prices.

Aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the fiscal periods shown are set forth in the tables below:

Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$152,369
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$235,338
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$279,646

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$15,790,016
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$8,372,420
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$4,454,375

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$4,978,373
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$2,279,669
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$731,974

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,156,163
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$5,042,427
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$4,996,362

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,079,821
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,719,680
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,140,477

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,698,046
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$2,279,391
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,487,572

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$694,300
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$589,022
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$147,264

Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$70,165
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$105,203
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$112,864

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$236,082
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$418,594
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,055,370

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$69,101
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$155,798
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$72,419

Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$59,045
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$50,146
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$110,375

Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$106,369
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$124,195
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$232,727

Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$490,425
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$817,627
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,149,650

Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$91,906
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$207,338
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$132,165

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$561,470
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$787,156
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$211,369

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$185,952
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$239,293
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$23,917

Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,917,135
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$8,543,856
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$9,396,243

Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$609,813
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$472,422
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$334,479

Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$388,011
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$600,590
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$495,948

Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$636,687
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,049,037
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,794,584

Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$61,367
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$97,245
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$208,372

Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$30,703
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$87,581
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$95,639

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$143,229
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$378,319
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$295,619

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$493,911
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$362,157
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$42,346

Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,059,892
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,362,578
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$2,284,723

Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$189,930
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$452,248
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$606,980

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$257,962
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$416,371
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$497,097

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$213,637
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$265,651
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$88,562

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$4,302,855
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$6,213,941
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$3,633,789

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$579,482
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$639,152
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$406,756

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$20,112,773
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$24,506,538
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$17,119,666

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$5,658,389
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,903,995
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$408,767

Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$5,605,459
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$9,416,444
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$6,492,507

Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$735,560
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$663,512
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$186,617

Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$92,353
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$201,595
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$264,351

Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$81,601
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$86,264
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$106,745

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$67,151
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$37,976
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$30,145

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$41,804
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$88,597
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$27,230

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$4,653,842
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,077,052
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$787,973

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Brokerage Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$1,621,013
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,551,043
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$735,359

The brokerage commissions for the Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares and the Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares have decreased for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 from the fiscal years presented due to a decrease in average net assets and/or a decrease in the volatility of net assets.

The brokerage commissions for the Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares, and the Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares have fluctuated for the fiscal years presented due to a fluctuation in average net assets and/or fluctuations in volatility of assets over the previous fiscal years.

The brokerage commissions for the Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares, Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bear 3X Shares, Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares and the Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares has increased for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 from the fiscal years presented due to an increase in net assets.

The brokerage commissions for the Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares and the Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bull 3X Shares has increased for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 from the fiscal years presented due to more volatility in assets and more swap trades required for the fiscal year.

Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers

The table below identifies the securities of a Fund's “regular” brokers-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Fund invests, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023:

Fund	Broker-Dealer	Market Value of Holdings
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	Bank of America Corp	$43,441,403
	Citigroup, Inc.	$18,140,600
	JP Morgan Chase & Co.	$96,407,239
	Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.	$23,879,534
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	Bank of America Corp	$8,821,319
	Citigroup, Inc.	$3,684,219
	JP Morgan Chase & Co.	$19,581,178
	Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.	$4,863,225

Portfolio Holdings Information

A Fund’s portfolio holdings are disclosed on the Funds' website at www.direxion.com each day the Funds are open for business. In addition, disclosure of a Fund’s complete holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to Fund shareholders and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-PORT. These reports are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The portfolio composition file (“PCF”),which contains portfolio holdings information, and the IOPV, which contains certain pricing information related to a Fund’s portfolio holdings, are also made available daily, including to the Funds' service providers to facilitate the provision of services to the Funds and to certain other entities as necessary for transactions in Creation Units. Such entities include: (i) National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members; (ii) subscribers to various fee-based services, including entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market; (iii) investors that have entered into an “Authorized Participant Agreement” with the Distributor and the transfer agent or purchase Creation Units through a dealer that has entered into such an agreement (“Authorized Participants”); and (iv) certain personnel of service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, or other support to portfolio management

including personnel of the Adviser and the Funds' distributor, administrator, custodian and fund accountant who are involved in functions which may require such information to conduct business in the ordinary course.

In addition, the Funds' Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) may grant exceptions to permit additional disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings information to rating agencies and to the parties noted above, provided that (1) a Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so; (2) it is in the best interests of shareholders; (3) the recipient is subject to a confidentiality agreement; and (4) the recipient is subject to a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information. In this regard, from time to time, rating and ranking organizations such as Standard & Poor’s® and Morningstar®, Inc. may request such information. The CCO shall report any disclosures made pursuant to this exception to the Board. The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.

Management of the Trust

The Board of Trustees

The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”). The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Funds, which includes the general oversight and review of the Funds' investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the State of Delaware, as well as the stated policies of the Funds. The Board oversees the Trust’s officers and service providers, including Rafferty, which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Funds based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including personnel from Rafferty. The Board also is assisted by the Trust’s independent auditor (who reports directly to the Trust’s Audit Committee), independent counsel and other professionals as appropriate.

Risk Oversight

Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Funds, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Funds. Rafferty, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Funds, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Funds. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment performs its risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Board members who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”). The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board’s oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Funds.

The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address risks to the Trust and the Funds. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, Rafferty and other service providers to the Funds have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Funds. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks.

The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Funds through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. The Trust’s CCO and senior officers of Rafferty regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board also regularly receives reports from Rafferty and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“USBFS”) with respect to the Funds' investments. In addition to regular reports from these parties, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through Rafferty, USBFS or the CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Funds' compliance program. Also, the Board receives regular reports, presentations and other information from Rafferty, including in connection with the Board’s consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust’s agreements with Rafferty and the Trust’s distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.

The CCO reports regularly to the Board on Fund valuation matters. The Audit Committee receives regular reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Independent Trustees meet with the CCO to discuss matters relating to the Funds' compliance program.

Board Structure and Related Matters

Independent Trustees constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the specific responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. For example, the Audit Committee is responsible for specific matters related to oversight of the Funds' independent auditors, subject to approval of the Audit Committee’s recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.

The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Chairman of the Board is not an Independent Trustee and the Board has chosen not to have a lead Independent Trustee. However, the Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Trustees and Board committees, is appropriate

for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the number of series overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Funds' operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board’s responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of series in the complex.

The Trust is part of the Direxion Family of Investment Companies, which is comprised of the 93 portfolios within the Trust and 8 portfolios within the Direxion Funds. The same persons who constitute the Board also constitute the Board of Trustees of the Direxion Funds.

The Board holds four regularly scheduled meetings each year and the Independent Trustees hold one additional meeting in connection with the annual contract renewals. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, to address matters arising between regular meetings. During a portion of each meeting, the Independent Trustees meet outside of management’s presence. The Independent Trustees may hold special meetings, as needed.

The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information regarding their age, business address and principal occupation during the past five years including any affiliation with Rafferty, the length of service to the Trust, and the position, if any, that they hold on the board of directors of companies other than the Trust as of the date of this SAI. Each of the Trustees of the Trust also serve on the Board of the Direxion Funds, the other registered investment company in the Direxion complex. Unless otherwise noted, an individual’s business address is 1301 Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue), 28th Floor, New York, New York 10019.

Interested Trustees

Name, Address and Age	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	# of Portfolios in Direxion Family of Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee(3)	Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
Daniel D. O’Neill(1) Age: 55	Chairman of the Board of Trustees	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2008	Chief Executive Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, April 2021 – September 2022; Managing Director, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, January 1999 – January 2019.	101	None.
Angela Brickl(2) Age: 47	Trustee	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2022	President, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC since September 2022; Chief Operating Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC May 2021 – September 2022; General Counsel, Rafferty Asset Management LLC, since October 2010; Chief Compliance Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, September 2012– March 2023.	101	None.

Independent Trustees

Name, Address and Age	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	# of Portfolios in Direxion Family of Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee(3)	Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
David L. Driscoll Age: 54	Trustee	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2014	Board Member, Algorithmic Research and Trading, since 2022; Director, AIM, since 2021; Board Advisor, University Common Real Estate, since 2012; Partner, King Associates, LLP, since 2004; Principal, Grey Oaks LLP, since 2003.	101	None.
Kathleen M. Berkery Age: 56	Trustee	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2019	Chief Financial Officer, Metro Physical & Aquatic Therapy, LLC, since 2023; Chief Financial Officer, Student Sponsor Partners, 2021 – 2023; Senior Manager- Trusts & Estates, Rynkar, Vail & Barrett, LLC, 2018 –2021.	101	None.
Carlyle Peake Age: 51	Trustee	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2022	Head of US & LATAM Debt Syndicate, BBVA Securities, Inc., since 2011.	101	None.
Mary Jo Collins Age: 67	Trustee	Lifetime of Trust until removal or resignation; Since 2022	Receiver of Taxes, Town of North Homestead, since January 2024; Managing Director, B. Riley Financial, March – December 2022; Managing Director, Imperial Capital LLC, from 2020-2022; Director, Royal Bank of Canada, 2014– 2020; Trustee, Village of Flower Hill, 2020.	101	None.

(1)

Mr. O’Neill is affiliated with Rafferty because he owns a beneficial interest in Rafferty.

(2)

Ms. Brickl is affiliated with Rafferty because she serves as an officer of Rafferty.

(3)

The Direxion Family of Investment Companies consists of the Direxion Shares ETF Trust which, as of the date of this SAI, offers for sale to the public 79 of the 93 funds registered with the SEC and the Direxion Funds which, as of the date of this SAI, offers for sale to the public 8 funds registered with the SEC.

In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.

Daniel D. O’Neill: Mr. O’Neill has extensive experience in the investment management business. Mr. O’Neill was the Managing Director of Rafferty from 1999 through January 2019 and Chief Executive Officer at Rafferty from April 2021 through September 2022.

Angela Brickl: Ms. Brickl has extensive experience in the investment management business, including serving as President of Rafferty since September 2022. Ms. Brickl also serves as Rafferty’s General Counsel and served as Chief Compliance Officer from 2012 through March 1, 2023.

David L. Driscoll: Mr. Driscoll has extensive experience with risk assessment and strategic planning as a partner and manager of various real estate partnerships and companies.

Kathleen M. Berkery: Ms. Berkery has extensive experience with estate planning, estate administration, fiduciary income taxation, financial planning, finance, as well as business sales and development, and marketing.

Carlyle Peake: Mr. Peake has extensive global capital markets experience, as well as experience with client relations and sales of securities by issuers and investors and valuing, structuring, and negotiating complex debt issues for corporate and sovereign entities.

Mary Jo Collins: Ms. Collins has extensive experience evaluating credit risk of investment grade securities, including corporate bonds, preferred stocks, and hybrid securities, as well as managing relationships with retail and institutional investors.

Board Committees

The Trust has an Audit Committee, consisting of each Independent Trustee. The primary responsibilities of the Trust’s Audit Committee are set forth in its charter, which include making recommendations to the Board as to the engagement or discharge of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm (including the audit fees charged by the auditors), supervising investigations into matters relating to audit matters, reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm of the results of audits, and addressing any other matters regarding audits. The Audit Committee met three times during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.

The Trust also has a Nominating and Governance Committee, consisting of each Independent Trustee. The primary responsibilities of the Nominating and Governance Committee are to make recommendations to the Board on issues related to the composition and operation of the Board, and communicate with management on those issues. The Nominating and Governance Committee also evaluates and nominates Board member candidates. In evaluating Board member candidates, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers the extent to which potential candidates possess sufficiently diverse skill sets and diversity characteristics that would contribute to the Board’s overall effectiveness. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Such recommendations should be in writing and addressed to a Fund with attention to the Nominating and Governance Committee Chair. The recommendations must include the following preliminary information regarding the nominee: (1) name; (2) date of birth; (3) education; (4) business professional or other relevant experience and areas of expertise; (5) current business, professional or other relevant experience and areas of expertise; (6) current business and home addresses and contact information; (7) other board positions or prior experience; and (8) any knowledge and experience relating to investment companies and investment company governance. The Nominating and Governance Committee met four times during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.

The Trust has a Qualified Legal Compliance Committee, consisting of each Independent Trustee. The primary responsibility of the Trust’s Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is to receive, review and take appropriate action with respect to any report made or referred to the Committee by an attorney of evidence of a material violation of applicable U.S. federal or state securities law, material breach of a fiduciary duty under U.S. federal or state law or a similar material violation by the Trust or by any officer, director, employee or agent of the Trust. The Audit Committee serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee did not meet during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.

Principal Officers of the Trust

The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. Unless otherwise noted, an individual’s business address is 1301 Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue), 28th Floor, New York, New York 10019. As of the date of this SAI, the officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations during the past five years are as follows:

Name, Address and Age	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	# of Portfolios in the Direxion Family of Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee(3)	Other Trusteeships/ Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
Angela Brickl(1) Age: 47	President	Since 2022	President, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, since September 2022; Chief Operating Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, May 2021 – September 2022; General Counsel, Rafferty Asset Management LLC, since October 2010; Chief Compliance Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, September 2012– March 2023.	N/A	N/A
Todd Sherman Age: 43	Chief Compliance Officer	Since 2023	Chief Risk Officer, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, since 2018; SVP Head of Risk, 2012–2018.	N/A	N/A
Patrick J. Rudnick Age: 50	Principal Executive Officer	Since 2018	Senior Vice President, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, since March 2013.	N/A	N/A
Corey Noltner Age: 35	Principal Financial Officer	Since 2021	Senior Business Analyst, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, since October 2015.	N/A	N/A
Alyssa Sherman Age: 35	Secretary	Since 2022	Assistant General Counsel, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC, since April 2021; Associate, K&L Gates LLP, September 2015 – March 2021.	N/A	N/A

(1)

Ms. Brickl serves on the Board of Trustees of the Direxion Funds and Direxion Shares ETF Trust.

(2)

Pursuant to the Trust’s By-laws, each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, inability to serve, removal or resignation. Officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees and may be removed at any time with or without cause.

(3)

The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned in the Funds and the Direxion Family of Investment Companies by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2023:

Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned:	Interested Trustee:		Independent Trustees:
	Daniel D. O’Neill	Angela Brickl	David L. Driscoll	Kathleen M. Berkery	Carlyle Peake	Mary Jo Collins
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0

Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned:	Interested Trustee:		Independent Trustees:
	Daniel D. O’Neill	Angela Brickl	David L. Driscoll	Kathleen M. Berkery	Carlyle Peake	Mary Jo Collins
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Direxion Family of Investment Companies(1)	$10,000 - $50,000	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0

(1)

The Trust’s Trust Instrument provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, they are not protected against any liability to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office.

No officer, director or employee of Rafferty receives any compensation from the Funds for acting as a Trustee or officer of the Trust. The following table shows the compensation earned by each Trustee for the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2023:

Name of Person, Position	Aggregate Compensation From the Trust(1)	Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of the Trust’s Expenses	Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement	Aggregate Compensation From the Direxion Family of Investment Companies Paid to the Trustees(2)
Interested Trustees
Daniel D. O’Neill	$0	$0	$0	$0
Angela Brickl	$0	$0	$0	$0
Independent Trustees
David L. Driscoll	$138,750	$0	$0	$185,000
Kathleen M. Berkery	$138,750	$0	$0	$185,000
Mary Jo Collins	$138,750	$0	$0	$185,000
Carlyle Peake	$138,750	$0	$0	$185,000

(1)

Trustee compensation is allocated across the operational Funds of the Trust based on the proportion of the Fund’s net assets to the total net assets of the operational Funds of the Trust.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, Trustees’ fees and expenses in the amount of $601,250 were incurred by the Trust, $46,250 of which was incurred for the two Trustees who resigned from the Board effective December 31, 2022.

Principal Shareholders, Control Persons and Management Ownership

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of a Fund.

As of February 1, 2023, the following shareholders were considered to be either a principal shareholder or control person of the Funds:

Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	33.65%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	23.37%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	7.55%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.61%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	20.86%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.95%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	14.87%	Record
U.S. Bank N.A. 800 Nicollet Mall Minneapolis, MN 55402	N/A	N/A	6.50%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109	N/A	N/A	5.85%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.63%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	20.22%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	17.27%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	11.61%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	9.63%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	6.11%	Record

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	26.30%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	25.53%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	24.34%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	17.84%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	10.62%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	10.21%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	9.04%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	8.40%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	5.09%	Record

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	19.21%	Record
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286	N/A	N/A	10.34%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	9.54%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	9.23%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	9.01%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	7.00%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.43%	Record

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	15.53%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	12.19%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	9.76%	Record
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109	N/A	N/A	8.46%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	7.35%	Record
Apex Clearing Corp. 1700 Pacific Avenue Suite 1400 Dallas, TX 75201	N/A	N/A	5.37%	Record

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	20.28%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	19.04%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	7.10%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	7.04%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	6.67%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.65%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	5.77%	Record

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	14.89%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	14.86%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	13.40%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	11.61%	Record
Goldman Sachs & Co. 30 Hudson Street Jersey City, NJ 07302	N/A	N/A	7.21%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	7.12%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.06%	Record

Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	35.46%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	14.90%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	11.69%	Record

Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	Citigroup Financial Products Inc.	DE	44.04%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	12.15%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	10.29%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.61%	Record

Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	27.08%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	27.07%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.95%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	6.40%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	5.19%	Record

Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	22.40%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	14.87%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.91%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	8.19%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	7.91%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.50%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	5.65%	Record

Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	24.88%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	21.66%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	12.28%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.29%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.93%	Record

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	22.63%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	16.57%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	16.10%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	8.37%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.25%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.22%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	5.40%	Record
	N/A	N/A		Record

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	Citigroup Financial Products Inc.	DE	30.47%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	12.21%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	10.65%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.95%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	6.56%	Record

Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	25.15%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.92%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	10.27%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	9.39%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	5.44%	Record
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109	N/A	N/A	5.14%	Record

Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	25.81%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	17.91%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	15.07%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.50%	Record
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	5.23%	Record

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	25.34%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	13.95%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	9.99%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.81%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	6.04%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.06%	Record

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	20.20%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.21%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	10.30%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	10.28%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.63%	Record

Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	24.95%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	24.78%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.15%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	8.14%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	7.56%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	5.46%	Record

Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	16.46%	Record
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	16.42%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	14.40%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.93%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.53%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399	N/A	N/A	6.36%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	5.78%	Record

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	17.33%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	16.37%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	14.37%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.08%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	6.74%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	5.87%	Record

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	44.61%	Record
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286	Public	N/A	26.15%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	5.31%	Record

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	14.58%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	11.52%	Record
HRT Financial LP 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, 76th Floor New York, NY 10007	N/A	N/A	9.33%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	9.09%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	9.05%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	6.98%	Record
Tradestation Securities, Inc. 8050 Southwest Tenth Street, Suite 2000 Plantation, FL 33324	N/A	N/A	5.63%	Record
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286	N/A	N/A	5.41%	Record

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	Citigroup Financial Products Inc.	DE	28.51%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	14.33%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	11.66%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	7.00%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	5.92%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	15.78%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	15.51%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	14.32%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	9.00%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.65%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	6.90%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.80%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	16.55%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	12.64%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	9.73%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	9.16%	Record

Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	31.43%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.15%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	13.22%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	10.46%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.44%	Record

Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	34.19%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	19.57%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.20%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.55%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	6.20%	Record

Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	31.26%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	23.64%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	12.15%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.86%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.13%	Record

Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	22.49%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	22.08%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	20.71%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	6.98%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	5.18%	Record

Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	36.04%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	23.51%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	9.69%	Record
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	5.74%	Record

Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	30.44%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	24.31%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.78%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.37%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Robinhood Securities, LLC 85 Willow Road Menlo Park, CA 94025	N/A	N/A	5.42%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	5.23%	Record

Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	27.74%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	23.62%	Record
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	9.60%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	7.15%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	6.68%	Record
Goldman Sachs & Co. 30 Hudson Street Jersey City, NJ 07302	N/A	N/A	5.38%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	5.27%	Record

Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	29.96%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	22.52%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	8.72%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.12%	Record
Goldman Sachs & Co. 30 Hudson Street Jersey City, NJ 07302	N/A	N/A	5.98%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	Fidelity Global Brokerage Group, Inc.	DE	27.79%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	20.74%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	13.08%	Record
Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner, Smith 4804 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246	N/A	N/A	6.46%	Record

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	The Charles Schwab Corporation	DE	26.22%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	20.03%	Record
Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255	N/A	N/A	15.45%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	8.45%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	5.31%	Record

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	19.83%	Record
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. 700 Red Brook Blvd Suite 300 Owings Mills, MD 21117	N/A	N/A	17.79%	Record
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	17.41%	Record
Interactive Brokers 8 Greenwich Office Park 2nd Floor Greenwich, CT 06831	N/A	N/A	11.26%	Record
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank 14201 Dallas Parkway Dallas, TX 75254	N/A	N/A	9.77%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	5.50%	Record

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
National Financial Services LLC 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281	N/A	N/A	18.52%	Record
Charles Schwab & Co. 2423 E Lincoln Drive Phoenix, AZ 85016	N/A	N/A	13.39%	Record
Axos Clearing LLC 4350 La Jolla Village Dr, Suite 140 San Diego, CA 92122	N/A	N/A	12.55%	Record

Name and Address	Parent Company	Jurisdiction	% Ownership	Type of Ownership
Pershing LLC Ste 140 Jersey City, NJ 07399	N/A	N/A	12.23%	Record
Morgan Stanley & Co. Harbourside Financial Center Plaza 3, 1st Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311	N/A	N/A	7.07%	Record
TD Ameritrade Clearing LLC 1005 N Ameritrade Place Bellevue, NE 68005	N/A	N/A	6.49%	Record

In addition, as of February 1, 2024, the Trustees and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Fund.

Investment Adviser

Rafferty, 1301 Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue), 28th Floor, New York, New York 10019, provides investment advice to the Funds. Rafferty was organized as a New York limited liability company in June 1997. Michael Rafferty and Kathleen Rafferty Hay control Rafferty through their ownership in Rafferty Holdings, LLC and Daniel D. O’Neill controls Rafferty through his ownership in Minakian Partners, LLC.

Under an Investment Advisory Agreement (“Advisory Agreement”) between Rafferty and the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, Rafferty provides a continuous investment program for each Fund’s assets in accordance with its investment objectives, policies and limitations, and oversees the day-to-day operations of each Fund, subject to the supervision of the Trustees. Rafferty shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security. Rafferty bears all costs associated with providing these advisory services and the expenses of the Trustees who are affiliated with or interested persons of Rafferty. The Trust bears all other expenses that are not assumed by Rafferty as described in the Prospectus. The Trust also is liable for nonrecurring expenses as may arise, including litigation to which a Fund may be a party. The Trust also may have an obligation to indemnify its Trustees and officers with respect to any such litigation.

The Advisory Agreement was initially approved by the Trustees (including all Independent Trustees) and Rafferty, as sole shareholder of each Fund in compliance with the 1940 Act. After an initial approval period of two years, the Advisory Agreement is renewable with respect to each Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund. The Advisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable upon a 60-day written notice either by the Trust or Rafferty.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays Rafferty a fee at an annualized rate based on a percentage of its average daily net assets of 0.75%.

Rafferty has entered into a contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement for each of the Funds that reduces the annualized advisory fee rate based on its average daily net assets, as follows: 0.75% of the first $1.5 billion of average daily net assets of a Fund; 0.70% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $1.5 billion to $2 billion; 0.65% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $2 billion to $2.5 billion; 0.60% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $2.5 billion to $3 billion; 0.55% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $3 billion to $3.5 billion; 0.50% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $3.5 billion to $4 billion; 0.45% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $4 billion to $4.5 billion; and 0.40% of the average daily net assets of a Fund over $4.5 billion. There is no guarantee that the Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement will continue after September 1, 2025. This contractual fee waiver may be terminated at any time by the Board of Trustees.

Although each Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses, Rafferty has entered into an Operating Expense Limitation Agreement with each Fund. Under this Operating Expense Limitation Agreement, Rafferty has contractually agreed to cap all or a portion of its advisory fees and management services and/or reimburse each Fund for Other Expenses (excluding, as applicable, among other expenses, taxes, swap financing and related costs, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividends or interest on short positions, other interest expenses, brokerage commissions and extraordinary expenses) through September 1, 2025 to the extent that each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 0.95% of each Fund’s average daily net assets. Any expense waiver or reimbursement is subject to recoupment by the Adviser within the three years after the expense was waived/reimbursed only if Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses fall below the lesser of this percentage limitation and any percentage limitation in place at the time the expense was waived/reimbursed. This agreement may be terminated or revised at any time at the discretion of the Board upon notice to the Adviser and without the approval of Fund shareholders.

The tables below show the advisory fees incurred by each of the Funds, the amount of fees waived and/or reimbursed by Rafferty, and the total amount of fees paid to Rafferty by each of the Funds for the last three fiscal years ended October 31.

Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$394,714	$18,834	$375,880
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$486,179	$8,604	$477,575
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$689,949	$1,507	$688,442

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $13,071.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $2,977.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $11,374.

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$21,296,252	$1,259,250	$20,037,002
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$21,313,999	$1,275,854	$20,038,145
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$16,608,968	$464,977	$16,143,991

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $13,055.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $123,148.

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$6,849,952	$-	$6,849,952
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$4,156,940	$10,643	$4,146,297
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$3,417,416	$1,315	$3,416,101

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $111,900.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $103,161.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $120,578.

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$9,075,697	$-	$9,075,697
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$10,420,649	$17,406	$10,403,243
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$12,079,585	$55,532	$12,024,053

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $17,632.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $111,078.

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,471,906	$-	$3,471,906
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$3,167,763	$-	$3,167,763
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$2,914,036	$3,683	$2,910,353

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $3,683.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $145,497.

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$4,522,762	$65,306	$4,457,456
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$3,371,544	$49,431	$3,322,113
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$2,803,228	$379	$2,802,849

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $133,091.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $58,394.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $82,712.

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,130,582	$18,864	$1,111,718
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$695,258	$5,923	$689,335
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$301,132	$11,460	$289,672

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $24,076.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,312.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $282.

Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$206,859	$14,026	$192,833
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$215,139	$6,174	$208,965
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$330,725	$1,054	$329,671

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $12,992.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $4,734.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $15,057.

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$644,198	$28,061	$616,137
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$822,916	$17,713	$805,203
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$1,684,355	$939	$1,683,416

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $14,733.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,484.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $39,361.

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$217,643	$70,652	$146,991
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$283,286	$50,097	$233,189
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$202,478	$58,889	$143,589

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $13,210.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $185.

Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$112,378	$22,387	$89,991
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$93,321	$14,262	$79,059
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$158,349	$6,726	$151,623

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $10,981.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $23.

Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$227,858	$26,640	$201,218
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$219,287	$15,648	$203,639
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$401,759	$4,769	$396,990

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $12,548.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,032.

Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$1,285,314	$-	$1,285,314
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$1,693,020	$2,545	$1,690,475
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$2,405,103	$141	$2,404,962

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,317.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $85,916.

Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$218,622	$35,921	$182,701
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$295,726	$24,164	$271,562
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$258,001	$18,769	$239,232

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $27,035.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $11,647.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $8,376.

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,043,583	$16,416	$1,027,167
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$943,476	$31,317	$912,159
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$524,419	$4,118	$520,301

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $38,278.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $13,316.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $6,026.

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$316,092	$15,465	$300,627
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$250,086	$18,987	$231,099
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$33,603	$27,407	$6,196

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,795.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,725.

Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$13,424,452	$145,317	$13,279,135
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$19,168,898	$872,672	$18,296,226
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$21,473,795	$1,294,760	$20,179,035

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $38,893.

Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,308,504	$-	$1,308,504
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$1,118,668	$3,187	$1,115,481
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$1,095,313	$4,546	$1,090,767

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $26,836.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $44,901.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $50,235.

Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,424,690	$100	$1,424,590
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$1,602,231	$1,081	$1,601,150
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$1,271,343	$384	$1,270,959

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $8,520.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $41,060.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $37,618.

Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,391,234	$2,136	$1,389,098
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$1,654,627	$3,805	$1,650,822
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$3,050,156	$-	$3,050,156

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $2,136.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $3,805.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $92,979.

Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$177,489	$44,415	$133,074
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$241,792	$17,849	$223,943
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$493,493	$5,072	$488,421

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $34,464.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $4,165.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,683.

Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$76,006	$52,651	$23,355
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$133,506	$23,937	$109,569
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$133,899	$21,940	$111,959

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $21,044.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $330.

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$362,433	$74,522	$287,911
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$699,286	$26,610	$672,676
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$891,167	$2,655	$888,512

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $76,551.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $34,235.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $21,174.

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,244,139	$9,547	$1,234,592
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$520,890	$51,746	$469,144
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$162,446	$48,415	$114,031

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $69,577.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $36,419.

Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,785,440	$-	$2,785,440
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$2,413,726	$-	$2,413,726
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$2,855,663	$1,603	$2,854,060

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,603.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $68,826.

Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$374,607	$37,963	$336,644
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$597,258	$6,204	$591,054
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$825,078	$1,422	$823,656

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $39,798.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $30,339.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $61,803.

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$514,899	$44,482	$470,417
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$600,182	$8,279	$591,903
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$761,833	$8,528	$753,305

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $40,926.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,972.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,157.

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$446,524	$14,716	$431,808
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$345,380	$14,090	$331,290
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$189,523	$19,907	$169,616

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $8,760.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $824.

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$7,433,923	$-	$7,433,923
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$6,820,801	$72,629	$6,748,172
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$4,596,318	$1,384	$4,594,934

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $74,013.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $126,187.

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$810,091	$19,850	$790,241
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$778,785	$12,487	$766,298
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$556,152	$2,825	$553,327

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $30,405.

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $2,783.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $5,608.

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$41,371,699	$8,806,792	$32,564,907
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$35,214,855	$5,933,779	$29,281,076
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$26,631,560	$2,627,187	$24,004,373

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $180.

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$8,676,616	$52,500	$8,624,116
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$2,353,094	$72	$2,353,022
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$768,525	$67	$768,458

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $52,500.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $17,740.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $38,193.

Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$14,148,821	$193,261	$13,955,560
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$16,995,055	$611,174	$16,383,881
Year Ended October 31, 2021(2)	$16,607,833	$464,378	$16,143,455

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $95,167.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $114,924.

Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$1,095,267	$18,671	$1,076,596
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$906,041	$-	$906,041
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$482,814	$2,677	$480,137

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $55,489.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $13,791.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,557.

Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$192,996	$34,823	$158,173
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$350,079	$12,108	$337,971
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$618,445	$3,328	$615,117

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $21,345.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,709.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $9,702.

Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$177,463	$30,222	$147,241
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$170,503	$21,711	$148,792
Year Ended October 31, 2021(3)	$169,606	$17,028	$152,578

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $16,811.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $1,345.

(3)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $409.

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$250,130	$8,421	$241,709
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$168,027	$21,306	$146,721
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$149,178	$21,335	$127,843

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $10,083.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $9,347.

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023(1)	$222,741	$7,895	$214,846
Year Ended October 31, 2022(2)	$336,883	$3,162	$333,721
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$117,650	$26,014	$91,636

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $9,228.

(2)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $12,243.

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$11,859,041	$41,508	$11,817,533
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$2,700,753	$-	$2,700,753
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$2,078,077	$-	$2,078,077

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Advisory fee accrued	Fees waived and expenses reimbursed by Adviser	Total fees paid to (waived by) Adviser
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,040,540	$-	$3,040,540
Year Ended October 31, 2022(1)	$3,567,416	$-	$3,567,416
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,700,993	$377	$1,700,616

(1)

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Adviser recouped previously waived expenses in the amount of $377.

Pursuant to the Management Services Agreement, Rafferty performs certain administrative services on behalf of the Funds, such as negotiating, coordinating and implementing the Trust’s contractual obligations with the Funds' service providers; monitoring, overseeing and reviewing the performance of such service providers to ensure adherence to applicable contractual obligations; preparing or coordinating reports and presentations to the Board of Trustees with respect to such service providers as requested or as deemed necessary; and other services that are described in the Management Services Agreement. For these services, the Trust pays to Rafferty a fee at the annual rate of 0.026% on the first $10 billion of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Funds in the Trust and 0.024% on the aggregate net assets above $10 billion. This Management Services Fee may be waived under the Operating Expense Limitation Agreement that Rafferty has entered into with each Fund. This arrangement may be terminated at any time by the Board.

The tables below show the Management Services Fees paid by each Fund as of the fiscal years ended October 31:

Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$13,019
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$16,068
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$22,769

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$701,165
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$704,094
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$547,595

Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$225,407
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$137,583
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$112,990

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$298,795
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$344,199
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$398,850

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$114,278
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$104,748
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$96,215

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$148,925
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$111,431
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$92,475

Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$37,217
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$23,005
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$9,929

Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$6,824
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$7,108
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$10,904

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$21,219
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$27,169
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$55,659

Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$7,185
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$9,381
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$6,686

Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,708
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$3,086
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$5,228

Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$7,516
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$7,246
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$13,276

Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$42,311
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$55,915
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$79,416

Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$7,208
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$9,772
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$8,508

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$34,375
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$31,166
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$17,288

Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$10,410
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$8,297
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$1,115

Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$441,985
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$632,982
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$708,385

Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$43,073
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$37,005
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$36,247

Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$46,900
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$52,938
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$41,910

Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$45,789
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$54,616
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$100,767

Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$5,855
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$7,987
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$16,273

Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,508
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$4,412
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$4,415

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$11,956
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$23,103
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$29,364

Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$40,950
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$17,288
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$5,375

Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$91,666
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$79,693
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$94,127

Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$12,357
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$19,729
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$27,190

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$16,961
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$19,835
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$25,118

Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$14,706
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$11,444
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$6,265

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$244,698
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$225,509
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$151,574

Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$26,678
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$25,790
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$18,400

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$1,362,268
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$1,163,487
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$878,530

Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$285,548
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$77,910
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$25,333

Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$465,821
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$561,080
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$547,864

Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$36,044
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$29,998
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$15,951

Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$6,366
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$11,565
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$20,397

Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$5,851
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$5,637
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$5,596

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$8,248
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$5,559
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$4,923

Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$7,353
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$11,157
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$3,871

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$390,362
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$89,261
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$68,543

Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	Fees Paid
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$100,090
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$118,027
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$56,043

Pursuant to Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17j-1 thereunder, the Trust, Rafferty and the Funds' distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics. These codes permit portfolio managers and other access persons of a Fund to invest in securities that may be owned by a Fund, subject to certain restrictions.

Portfolio Managers

Paul Brigandi and Tony Ng are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds. An investment trading team of Rafferty employees assists Mr. Brigandi and Mr. Ng in the day-to-day management of the Funds subject to their primary responsibility and oversight. The Portfolio Managers work with the investment trading team to decide the target allocation of each Fund’s investments and, on a day-to-day basis, an individual portfolio trader executes transactions for the Funds consistent with the target allocation. The members of the investment trading team rotate periodically among the various series of the Trust, including the Funds, so that no single individual is assigned to a specific Fund for extended periods of time.

In addition to the Funds, Mr. Brigandi and Mr. Ng manage the following other accounts as of October 31, 2023:

Accounts	Total Number of Accounts	Total Assets (In Billions)	Total Number of Accounts with Performance Based Fees	Total Assets of Accounts with Performance Based Fees
Registered Investment Companies	45	$5.8	0	$0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
Other Accounts	0	$0	0	$0

Rafferty manages other registered investment companies with investment objectives similar to those of the Funds, but does not manage any other pooled investment vehicles or other accounts. Two or more funds advised by Rafferty may invest in the same securities but the nature of each investment (long or short) may be opposite and in different proportions. Rafferty ordinarily executes transactions for a Fund “market-on-close,” in which funds purchasing or selling the same security receive the same closing price.

Rafferty has not identified any additional material conflicts between a Fund and other accounts managed by the investment team. However, other actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the day-to-day management of a Fund and other accounts. The management of a Fund and other accounts may result in unequal time and attention being devoted to a Fund and other accounts. Rafferty’s management fees for the services it provides to other accounts

varies and may be higher or lower than the advisory fees it receives from a Fund. This could create potential conflicts of interest in which the portfolio manager may appear to favor one investment vehicle over another resulting in an account paying higher fees or one investment vehicle out performing another.

The compensation to the investment team, which includes the Portfolio Managers, is paid by Rafferty. Their compensation primarily consists of a fixed base salary and a bonus. The investment team’s salary is reviewed annually and increases are determined by factors such as performance and seniority. Bonuses are determined by the individual performance of an employee including factors such as attention to detail, process, and efficiency, and are impacted by the overall performance of the firm. The investment team’s salary and bonus are not based on a Fund’s performance and as a result, no benchmarks are used. Along with all other employees of Rafferty, the investment team may participate in the firm’s 401(k) retirement plan where Rafferty may make matching contributions up to a defined percentage of their salary.

Mr. Brigandi and Mr. Ng did not own any shares of the Funds as of October 31, 2023.

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to voting proxies (the “Proxy Policy”) related to portfolio securities of the Funds. Pursuant to these policies and procedures the Board of the Trust has delegated responsibility for voting such proxies to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight.

The Proxy Policy is intended to protect shareholder interests and comply with applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws. It applies to any voting rights with respect to securities held in accounts of the Funds. To assist the Adviser in its responsibility for voting proxies and administering the overall proxy voting process, the Adviser has retained Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) as an expert in the proxy voting and corporate governance area. ISS is a subsidiary of Vestar Capital Partners VI, L.P.; a leading U.S. middle market private equity firm. The services provided by ISS include in-depth research, global issuer analysis, and voting recommendations as well as vote execution, reporting and record keeping. ISS issues monthly reports which are reviewed by the Adviser to assure proxies are being voted properly. The Adviser and ISS also perform checks on a quarterly basis to match the voting activity with available shareholder meeting information. ISS’ management meets on a regular basis to discuss its approach to new developments and amendments to existing proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”). Information on such developments and amendments are then provided to the Adviser.

The Guidelines are maintained and implemented by ISS and are an extensive list of common proxy voting issues with recommended voting actions based on the overall goal of achieving maximum shareholder value and protection of shareholder interests and rights. Generally, proxies are voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the Guidelines. If necessary, the Adviser will be consulted by ISS on non-routine issues. Proxy issues and factors considered when resolving proxy issues in the Guidelines include, but are not limited to:

•

Election of Directors – considering all factors such as director qualifications, term of office and age limits.

•

Proxy Contests – considering factors such as voting nominees in contested elections and reimbursement of expenses.

•

Election of Auditors – considering factors such as independence and reputation of the auditing firm.

•

Proxy Contest Defenses – considering factors such as board structure and cumulative voting.

•

Tender Offer Defenses – considering factors such as poison pills (stock purchase rights plans) and fair price provisions.

•

Miscellaneous Governance Issues – considering factors such as confidential voting and equal access.

•

Capital Structure – considering factors such as common stock authorization and stock distributions.

•

Executive and Director Compensation – considering factors such as performance goals and employee stock purchase plans.

•

State of Incorporation – considering factors such as state takeover statutes and voting on reincorporation proposals.

•

Mergers and Corporate Restructuring – considering factors such as spin-offs and asset sales.

•

Mutual Fund Proxy Voting – considering factors such as election of directors and proxy contests.

•

Social and Corporate Responsibility Issues – considering factors such as social, environmental, and labor issues.

A full description of the Guidelines and voting policy is maintain by the Adviser, and a complete copy of the Guidelines is available without charge, upon request by calling the Adviser at (866) 476-7523.

Conflicts of Interest

From time to time, proxy issues may pose a material conflict of interest between the Funds' shareholders and the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliates thereof. Due to the limited nature of the Adviser’s activities (e.g., no underwriting business, no publicly-traded affiliates, no investment banking activities, and no research recommendations), conflicts of interest are likely to be infrequent. Nevertheless, it is the duty of the Adviser to monitor potential conflicts of interest. In the event a conflict of interest arises, the Adviser will be responsible for voting the proxy, will communicate how the proxy should be voted to ISS, and will confirm ISS voted the proxy consistent with the Adviser’s direction.

Proxy Voting Recordkeeping

The Adviser, with the assistance of ISS, maintains for a period of at least five years, a record of each proxy statement received and materials that were considered when the proxy was voted during the calendar year. Information on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities for the 12-month (or shorter) period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Adviser at (866) 476-7523 or on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Fund Administrator, Fund Accounting Agent, Transfer Agent and Custodian

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Funds' administrator. The Bank of New York Mellon, 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as the Funds' fund accounting agent, transfer agent and custodian. Rafferty also performs certain administrative services for the Funds.

Pursuant to a Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and USBFS, USBFS provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than those provided by Rafferty). As compensation for these services, the Trust pays USBFS a fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets. USBFS also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses. The amount of fees paid by the Trust to USBFS pursuant to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement for the fiscal years indicated is set forth in the table below.

	Fees paid to the Administrator
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$3,297,244
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$3,096,129
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$2,904,951

Pursuant to a Fund Accounting Agreement between the Trust and BNYM, BNYM provides the Trust with accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services and furnishing financial reports. As compensation for these accounting services, the Trust pays BNYM a fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets and a minimum annual per fund fee, subject to certain negotiated fee waivers. BNYM also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above, including pricing expenses. The amount of fees paid by the Trust pursuant to the Fund Accounting Agreement for the fiscal years indicated is set forth in the table below.

	Fees paid to the Fund Accounting Agent
Year Ended October 31, 2023	$2,623,346
Year Ended October 31, 2022	$2,506,424
Year Ended October 31, 2021	$2,405,447

Certain of the Funds in the Trust are party to an Operating Services Agreement wherein the Adviser assumes responsibility for paying those Funds’ portion of the fees due to USBFS and BNYM from the Trust.

Pursuant to a Custody Agreement, BNYM serves as the custodian of a Fund’s assets. The custodian holds and administers the assets in a Fund’s portfolios. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the custodian receives an annual fee based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets and certain settlement charges. The custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses. Pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Trust and BNYM, BNYM provides the Trust with transfer agency services, which include Creation Unit order processing.

Securities Lending

Each Fund has entered into a Securities Lending Authorization Agreement with BNYM (the “Securities Lending Agreement”) whereby BNYM will be the Lending Agent for each Fund. Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits the remaining portion to BNYM as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is generally equal to the net income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral after payment of cash collateral fees, and any fees or other payments from borrowers of securities.

BNYM acts as agent to the Trust to lend available securities with any person on its list of approved borrowers. BNYM determines whether a loan shall be made and negotiates and establishes the terms and conditions of the loan with the borrower. BNYM ensures that all substitute interest, dividends, and other distributions paid with respect to loan securities is credited to a Fund’s relevant account on the date such amounts are delivered by the borrower to BNYM. BNYM receives and holds, on a Fund’s behalf, collateral from borrowers to secure obligations of borrowers with respect to any loan of available securities. BNYM marks loaned securities and collateral to their market value each business day based upon the market value of the collateral and loaned securities at the close of business employing the most recently available pricing information and receives and delivers collateral in order to maintain the value of the collateral at no less than 102% of the market value of the loaned securities. At the termination of the loan, BNYM returns the collateral to the borrower upon the return of the loaned securities to BNYM. BNYM invests cash collateral in accordance with the Securities Lending Agreement. BNYM

maintains such records as are reasonably necessary to account for loans that are made and the income derived therefrom and makes available to a Fund a monthly statement describing the loans made, and the income derived from the loans, during the period. Each Fund shall receive the net securities lending revenue based on the securities lent from its holdings. A Fund may also pay custodial fees and other expenses associated with a loan.

As of October 31, 2023, the dollar amounts of gross and net income from securities lending activities received and the related fees and/or compensation paid by each Fund were as follows:

Fees and/or Compensation for Securities Lending Activities and Related Services
Fund Name	Gross Income from Securities Lending Activities	Fees Paid to Securities Lending Agent from the Revenue Split	Fees Paid for any Cash Collateral Manage- ment Service (Including Fees Deducted from a Pooled Cash Collateral Reinvest- ment Vehicle) that are not Included in the Revenue Split	Admin- istrative Fees not Included in the Revenue Split	Indem- nification Fees not Included in the Revenue Split	Borrower Rebates	Other Fees not Included in the Revenue Split (specify)	Aggregate Fees/ Comp- ensation for Securities Lending Activities	Net Income from Securities Lending Activities
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	$1,037	$207	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$207	$830
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	$6,912	$1,313	$-	$-	$-	$659	$-	$1,972	$4,940
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	$1,948,326	$40,948	$-	$-	$-	$1,797,606	$-	$1,838,554	$109,772
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	$447	$57	$-	$-	$-	$249	$-	$306	$141
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	$19,521	$3,654	$-	$-	$-	$6,116	$-	$9,770	$9,751
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	$127,445	$15,990	$-	$-	$-	$66,938	$-	$82,928	$44,517
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	$11,941	$562	$-	$-	$-	$9,538	$-	$10,100	$1,841
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	$788,507	$178,736	$-	$-	$-	$75,537	$-	$254,273	$534,234
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	$3	$1	$-	$-	$-	$2	$-	$3	$-
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	$1,875	$425	$-	$-	$-	$406	$-	$831	$1,044
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	$1,801	$360	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$360	$1,441
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	$389	$52	$-	$-	$-	$159	$-	$211	$178
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	$3,970	$123	$-	$-	$-	$3,326	$-	$3,449	$521
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-

Fees and/or Compensation for Securities Lending Activities and Related Services
Fund Name	Gross Income from Securities Lending Activities	Fees Paid to Securities Lending Agent from the Revenue Split	Fees Paid for any Cash Collateral Manage- ment Service (Including Fees Deducted from a Pooled Cash Collateral Reinvest- ment Vehicle) that are not Included in the Revenue Split	Admin- istrative Fees not Included in the Revenue Split	Indem- nification Fees not Included in the Revenue Split	Borrower Rebates	Other Fees not Included in the Revenue Split (specify)	Aggregate Fees/ Comp- ensation for Securities Lending Activities	Net Income from Securities Lending Activities
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	$11,714	$2,941	$-	$-	$-	$899	$-	$3,840	$7,874
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	$84,919	$16,029	$-	$-	$-	$20,922	$-	$36,951	$47,968
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	$178,459	$46,025	$-	$-	$-	$14,242	$-	$60,267	$118,192
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	$1,037,525	$120,300	$-	$-	$-	$512,820	$-	$633,120	$404,405
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	$516	$103	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$103	$413
Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	$803	$58	$-	$-	$-	$555	$-	$613	$190
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$4,578	$281	$-	$-	$-	$3,626	$-	$3,907	$671
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$4,518	$240	$-	$-	$-	$3,672	$-	$3,912	$606
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-

Distributor

Foreside Fund Services, LLC, located at 3 Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, serves as the distributor (“Distributor”) in connection with the continuous offering of each Fund’s shares. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC under the Exchange Act and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. The Trust offers Shares of the Funds for sale through the Distributor in Creation Units, as described below. The Distributor will not sell or redeem Shares in quantities less than Creation Units. The Distributor will deliver a Prospectus to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of Creation Unit orders placed and confirmations furnished by it. Pursuant to a written agreement, the Adviser pays the Distributor for distribution-related services.

The Adviser may pay certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries, from its own resources, for participating in activities that are designed to make registered representatives and other professionals more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including each Fund, or for other activities such as participating in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems. Payments to a broker-dealer or intermediary may create potential conflicts of interest between the broker-dealer or intermediary and its clients. These amounts, which may be significant, are paid by the Adviser from its own resources and not from the assets of funds managed by the Adviser. Although a portion of the Adviser’s revenue comes directly or indirectly in part

from fees paid by each Fund, other ETFs advised by the Adviser or other exchange-traded products, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, a Fund or other funds managed by the Adviser.

Distribution Plan

Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, as amended, (the “Rule”) provides that an investment company may bear expenses of distributing its shares only pursuant to a plan adopted in accordance with the Rule. The Trustees have adopted a Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan (“Rule 12b-1 Plan”) pursuant to which each Fund may pay certain expenses incurred in the distribution of its shares and the servicing and maintenance of existing shareholder accounts. The Distributor, as the Funds' principal underwriter, and Rafferty may have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Rule 12b-1 Plan or any related agreement. Pursuant to the Rule 12b-1 Plan, each Fund may pay a fee of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. No Rule 12b-1 fee is currently being charged to the Funds.

The Rule 12b-1 Plan was approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Funds. In approving the Rule 12b-1 Plan, the Trustees determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Rule 12b-1 Plan will benefit each Fund and its shareholders. The Board made this determination in consideration of the fact that there is no proposal to charge fees under the Rule 12b-1 Plan at the current time. The Trustees will review quarterly and annually a written report provided by the Treasurer of the amounts, if any, expended under the Rule 12b-1 Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.

The Rule 12b-1 Plan permits payments to be made by each Fund to the Distributor or other third parties for expenditures incurred in connection with the distribution of Fund shares to investors and the provision of certain shareholder services. The Distributor or other third parties are authorized to engage in advertising, the preparation and distribution of sales literature and other promotional activities on behalf of each Fund. In addition, the Rule 12b-1 Plan authorizes payments by each Fund to the Distributor or other third parties for the cost related to selling or servicing efforts, preparing, printing and distributing Fund prospectuses, statements of additional information, and shareholder reports to investors.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”), 700 Nicollet Mall, Suite 500, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55402, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. The Financial Statements of the Funds for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, audited by EY, have been included in reliance on their report given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Legal Counsel

The Trust has selected K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, as its legal counsel.

Determination of Net Asset Value

A fund’s share price is known as its NAV. Each Fund’s share price is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (“Valuation Time”), each day the NYSE is open for business (“Business Day”). The NYSE is open for business Monday through Friday, except in observation of the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NYSE may close early on the business day before each of these holidays and on the day after Thanksgiving Day. NYSE holiday schedules are subject to change without notice.

If the exchange or market on which a Fund’s investments are primarily traded closes early, the NAV may be calculated prior to its normal calculation time. The value of a Fund’s assets that trade in markets outside the United States or in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar may fluctuate when foreign markets are open but a Fund is not open for business.

Share price is calculated by dividing a Fund’s net assets by its shares outstanding. Portfolio securities and other assets are valued chiefly by market prices from the primary market in which they are traded. Under Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, a market quotation is readily available when that “quotation is a quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical investments that the fund can access at the measurement date, provided that a quotation will not be readily available if it is not reliable.” Each Fund uses the following methods to price securities or assets held in its portfolio with readily available market quotations.

An equity security listed or traded on an exchange, domestic or foreign, is valued at its last sales price on the principal exchange prior to Valuation Time. Exchange-traded Funds are valued at the last sales price prior to the Valuation Time. Securities primarily traded on the NASDAQ Global Market® (“NASDAQ®”) for which market quotations are readily available

shall be valued using the NASDAQ® Official Closing Price (“NOCP”) provided by NASDAQ® each Business Day. The NOCP is the most recently reported price as of 4:00:02 p.m. Eastern Time, unless that price is outside the range of the “inside” bid and asked price in that case, NASDAQ® will adjust the price to equal the inside bid or asked price, whichever is closer. Over-the counter securities are valued at the last sales price in the over-the-counter market.

Futures contracts are valued at (1) the settlement prices established each day on the exchange on which they are traded if the settlement price reflects trading prior to the Valuation Time, (2) at the last sales price prior to the Valuation Time if the settlement prices established by the exchange reflects trading after Valuation Time, or (3) at the last sales price of the exchange prior to the Valuation Time.

Exchange-traded options and options on futures are valued at the composite price using the National Best Bid and Offer quotes (“NBBO”). NBBO consists of the highest bid price and lowest asked price across any of the exchanges on which an option is quoted, thus providing a view across the entire U.S. options marketplace. Specifically, composite pricing looks at the last trades on exchanges where the options are traded. If there are no trades for the option on a given business day, the composite option pricing calculates the mean of the highest bid price and lowest ask price across the exchanges where the option is traded. Non-exchange traded options are valued at the mean between the last bid and asked quotations.

Dividend income and other distributions are recorded on the ex-distribution date.

Securities and other assets for which market quotations are unavailable or unreliable are valued at fair value estimates as determined by the Adviser pursuant to its fair valuation policies as described below.

Fair Value Pricing. When a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable, the Board is responsible for determining in good faith the fair value of the portfolio security or other asset. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board designated the responsibility for fair valuation to the Adviser as its valuation designee (“Valuation Designee”). Fair value determinations are made in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Adviser and approved by the Board, which set forth the methodologies by which a portfolio security or other asset will be fair valued. The Adviser may utilize fair valuation services of a pricing service to obtain a fair value for certain portfolio securities or other assets as well.

An investment that relies on Level 2 or Level 3 inputs according to ASC 820, such as swap agreements, is required to be fair valued as such investments do not have readily available market quotations by definition. Swap agreements are valued based on the closing value of the underlying reference instrument. Additionally, the Adviser will fair value a portfolio security or other asset if there is not a readily available market quotation, which may occur in the following situations: (1) to the extent that a Fund holds foreign securities, when foreign markets close before the NYSE opens or may not be open for business on the same calendar days as a Fund; (2) if there has been a significant event in the markets that makes the price of a portfolio security or asset unreliable; (3) if there is a lack of an active market, such as the market for certain preferred securities or for corporate bonds; and (4) if trading in a security is limited during the trading day and a limited number of quotes are available or If trading in a security is halted during a trading day and does not resume prior to the closing of the exchange or other market.

Fair valuation determinations of portfolio securities or other assets introduce an element of subjectivity to pricing of such portfolio securities or other assets. As a result, the price of a security or other asset determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Adviser compares the market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of the Adviser’s fair valuation procedures.

Additional Information Concerning Shares

Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and registered investment company. The Trust was organized on April 23, 2008, and has authorized capital of unlimited Shares of beneficial interest of no par value which may be issued in more than one class or series. Currently, the Trust consists of multiple separately managed series. The Board may designate additional series of beneficial interest and classify Shares of a particular series into one or more classes of that series.

All Shares of the Trust are freely transferable. The Shares do not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the Shares have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption, or any other feature. Shares have equal voting rights, except that, in a matter affecting a particular series or class of Shares, only Shares of that series of class may be entitled to vote on the matter. Trust shareholders are entitled to require the Trust to redeem Creation Units of their Shares. The Trust Instrument confers upon the Broad of Trustees the power, by resolution, to alter the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that Shares of the Trust may be individually redeemable. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of Shares of the Trust to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits which would have no effect on the net assets of the applicable Fund.

Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual shareholders meeting if the 1940 Act does not require such a meeting. Generally, there will not be annual meetings of Trust shareholders. Trust shareholders may remove Trustees from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent. If requested by shareholders of at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, the Trust will call a meeting of a Fund’s shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of a Trustee of the Trust and will assist in communications with other Trust shareholders.

The Trust Instrument disclaims liability of the shareholders of the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust which are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust. The Trust Instrument provides for indemnification from the Trust’s property for all loss and expense of any Fund shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The risk of a Trust shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Funds would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations and this risk, thus, should be considered remote.

If a Fund does not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Fund may cease operations. In such an event, investors may be required to liquidate or transfer their investments at an inopportune time.

Book Entry Only System

The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of each Fund are represented by global securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except as provided below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.

DTC has advised the Trust as follows: it is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the AMEX and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”). DTC agrees with and represents to DTC Participants that it will administer its book-entry system in accordance with its rules and by-laws and requirements of law. Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire beneficial interests in Shares.

Beneficial owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificates in definitive form and are not considered the registered holder thereof. Accordingly, each Beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC, the DTC Participant and any Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares. The Trust understands that under existing industry practice, in the event the Trust requests any action of holders of Shares, or a Beneficial owner desires to take any action that DTC, as the record owner of all outstanding Shares, is entitled to take, DTC would authorize the DTC Participants to take such action and that the DTC Participants would authorize the Indirect Participants and Beneficial owners acting through such DTC Participants to take such action and would otherwise act upon the instructions of Beneficial owners owning through them. As described above, the Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the owner of all Shares for all purposes. Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of Share holdings of each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Distributions of Shares shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers

in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants. The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial owners owning through such DTC Participants.

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such a replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service available for use by Beneficial owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds but certain brokers may make a dividend reinvestment service available to their clients. Brokers offering such services may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate. Investors interested in such a service should contact their broker for availability and other necessary details.

Purchases and Redemptions

The Trust issues and redeems Shares of each Fund only in aggregations of Creation Units. The number of Shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit is 50,000.

The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of Shares outstanding of any Fund, and may make a corresponding change in the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per Shares price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Adviser or for any other reason.

Purchase and Issuance of Creation Units

The Trust issues and sells Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at their NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined above), of an order in proper form.

Creation Units of Shares may be purchased only by or through a DTC participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor. An Authorized Participant will agree pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, as the case may be, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Balancing Amount (defined below) and the Transaction Fee (as described in the section titled “Transaction Fees” below). The Authorized Participant may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Balancing Amount. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that therefore orders to purchase Creation Units of Shares may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor.

An Authorized Participant may place an order to purchase (or redeem) Creation Units (i) through the Continuous Net Settlement clearing processes of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) as such processes have been enhanced to effect purchases (and redemptions) of Creation Units, such processes being referred to herein as the “Clearing Process,” or (ii) outside the Clearing Process.

Portfolio Deposit

The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of Shares of a Bull Fund consists of either cash equal to the aggregate NAV of the Shares being purchased plus the appropriate transaction fee (the “Cash Purchase Amount”) or the securities and cash that are identified by a Bull Fund (“Deposit Securities”), the Balancing Amount, and the appropriate transaction fee (collectively, the “Portfolio Deposit”). The Balancing Amount will be the amount equal to the difference, if any, between the total aggregate market value of the Deposit Securities and the aggregate NAV of the Creation Unit(s) being purchased. The Balancing Amount will be calculated and paid to, or received from, the Trust after the NAV has been calculated. Creation Units for the Bear Funds will be sold only for a Cash Purchase Amount. Rafferty may restrict purchases of a Bull Fund’s Creation Units to be on an in-kind basis at any time and without prior notice, at Rafferty’s discretion.

Each Fund makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day, either immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange or the night before, the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the current Portfolio Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day) and the Balancing Amount for each Bull Fund. Such Portfolio Deposit is applicable, subject to adjustments as described below, in

order to effect purchases of Creation Units of a Fund until the next-announced Portfolio Deposit composition is made available. The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a Creation Unit will change from time to time.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time in its underlying index and/or Fund portfolio. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the securities constituting the relevant securities index or may be a representative sample of the securities in a Fund's underlying index. The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to Rafferty on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Portfolio Deposit, in the composition of the subject index being tracked by a Fund, or resulting from stock splits and other corporate actions. In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount) to be added to the Balancing Amount to replace any Deposit Security which may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery, eligible for transfer through the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System or eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting or for other similar reasons. For such orders, “cash in lieu” may be added to the Balancing Amount. Creation Unit purchasers may also pay a Transaction Fee, as described below on any “cash in lieu” amounts, in cash.

Such Portfolio Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of Shares of a Bull Fund until such time as the next-announced Portfolio Deposit made available.

Shares may be issued in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities. In these circumstances, the Authorized Participant will deposit cash having a greater value than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to the available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Balancing Amount, plus (ii) up to 115% of the market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”). An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount up to 115% of the daily marked to market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the custodian bank or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as listed below, will be charged in all cases.

An Authorized Participant may place an order to purchase or redeem Creation Units through or outside of the Clearing Process. For a purchase or redemption order involving a Creation Unit to be effectuated a Fund’s NAV on a particular day, it must be received in good order by the transfer agent by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or earlier if the relevant Exchange or any relevant bond market closes earlier than normal, such as the day before a holiday, whether transmitted by mail, through the transfer agent’s automated system, telephone, facsimile or other means permitted under the Authorized Participant Agreement, in order to receive that day's NAV per Share. All other procedures, which may change from time to time without notice at the discretion of the Trust or Rafferty, set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement must be followed in order for you to receive the NAV determined on that day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability of the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.

Cash Purchase Amount

Creation Units of each Fund may, at the discretion of Rafferty, be sold for cash (the “Cash Purchase Amount”) when cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effective in essentially the same manner as in kind purchases. Creation Units are sold at their NAV plus a Transaction Fee, as described below. Rafferty may also restrict purchases of Creation Units to be on a cash-only basis at any time and without prior notice at Rafferty’s discretion.

Purchases through the Clearing Process

To purchase or redeem through the Clearing Process, an Authorized Participant must be a member of NSCC that is eligible to use the Continuous Net Settlement system. For purchase orders placed through the Clearing Process, the Authorized Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through the Fund’s transfer agent to the NSCC, on behalf of an Authorized Participant, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Authorized Participant’s purchase order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to the NSCC, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the required Portfolio Deposit and the Balancing Amount or the Cash Purchase Amount, together with the Transaction Fee and such additional information as may be required by the transfer agent or the Distributor.

Purchases Outside the Clearing Process

An Authorized Participant that wishes to place an order to purchase Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must state that it is not using the Clearing Process and that the purchase instead will be effected through a transfer of securities and cash either through the Federal Reserve System (for cash and U.S. government securities) or directly through DTC. Purchases of Creation Units of the Bull Funds settled outside the Clearing Process will be subject to a higher Transaction Fee than those settled through the Clearing Process. Purchase orders effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the Authorized Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve System (for cash and U.S. government securities) by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of the Portfolio Deposit and Balancing Amount (for the Bull Funds), or of the Cash Purchase Amount (for the Bear Funds), together with the applicable Transaction Fee and such additional information as may be required by the transfer agent or the Distributor.

Rejection of Purchase Orders

Each Fund reserves the right to reject or revoke acceptance of a purchase order for any reason, provided that such action does not violate Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act. For example, a Fund may reject or revoke acceptance of a purchase order transmitted to it by the Distributor including, but not limited to, when: (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of any Fund; (c) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (d) the acceptance of the Deposit Securities is not legally required or would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful or have an adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders (e.g., jeopardize the Fund's tax status); or (e) circumstances outside the control of the Trust, Fund, Distributor and Rafferty make it impractical to process purchase orders. The Trust shall seek to notify a prospective purchaser of its rejection of an order. The Trust and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of purchase orders, nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

Settlement of Purchases of Creation Units

The delivery of Shares purchased will normally occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor in proper order. Effective May 28, 2024, the typical settlement date for each transaction described in the sentence above will be within one day of the transaction (commonly referred to as "T+1"), unless a Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the delivery of Shares may take longer than two (or one, after May 28, 2024) Business Days following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.

Redemption of Creation Units

Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor on any Business Day. The Trust will not redeem Shares in amounts less than Creation Units. Beneficial owners also may sell Shares in the secondary market, but must accumulate enough Shares to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit of Shares. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

Creation Units of Shares are redeemed by or through an Authorized Participant. Such Authorized Participant will agree pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act. The Authorized Participant may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that therefore orders to redeem Creation Units of Shares may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant. Under such circumstances, an investor may incur additional charges.

In certain instances, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units of the same Fund on the same trade date. In this instance, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

With respect to each Bull Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit may consist of cash and/or securities. Rafferty makes available through the NSCC immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange on each day that the Exchange is open for business the Portfolio Securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Redemption Securities”) plus the Balancing Amount. Redemption Securities may, at times, not be identical to Deposit Securities which are applicable to a purchase of Creation Units. The redemption transaction fee described below is deducted from such redemption proceeds. The identity and number of Redemption Securities may change as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected

from time to time in its underlying index and/or Fund portfolio. The composition of the Redemption Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the securities constituting its underlying index or may be a representative sample of the securities in a Fund's underlying index. The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., “cash in lieu” amount) to be added to the Balancing Amount to replace any Redemption Security which may not be eligible for transfer through the Clearing Process or the Federal Reserve System or eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting or for other similar reasons. The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities which differs from the exact composition of the securities held by a Fund but does not differ in NAV.

Redemption Securities may be transferred in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed. In these circumstances, the Authorized Participant will deposit cash having a greater value than the aggregate NAV of the redeemed Creation Unit(s) on the date the order is received in proper form since, in addition to any available Fund shares, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Balancing Amount, plus (ii) up to 115% of the market value of the undelivered Fund shares (the “Additional Cash Deposit”). Pending delivery of the missing Fund shares, the Additional Cash Deposit will be maintained in an amount of up to 115% of the daily marked to market value of such missing Fund shares. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Fund shares at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the shares exceeds the market value of such shares on the day the redemption order was deemed received by the Distributor, plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Fund shares have been properly received by the Trust.

For the Bull Funds, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming shareholder will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash (the “Cash Redemption Amount”) equal to the aggregate NAV of the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a redemption request in proper form, less the Transaction Fee. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash which a Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit.

The redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit of a Bear Fund will consist solely a Cash Redemption Amount.

Custom Baskets

The baskets of securities comprising Deposit or Redemption Securities may be representative of a Bull Fund’s portfolio holdings; or a Bull Fund may utilize Custom Baskets provided that certain conditions are met. A “Custom Basket” is (i) a basket that is composed of a non-representative selection of a Fund’s portfolio holdings, or (ii) a representative basket that is different from the initial basket used in transactions on the same business day, and (iii) a basket that contains bespoke cash and/or security substitutions, including for a single Authorized Participant. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the construction and acceptance of baskets, including heightened requirements for Custom Baskets. Such policies and procedures provide detailed parameters for the construction and acceptance of Custom Baskets, establish processes for revisions to, or deviations from, such parameters, and specify the titles and roles of the employees of the Adviser who are required to review each Custom Basket for compliance with those parameters. In connection with the construction and acceptance of Custom Baskets, the Adviser may consider various factors, including, but not limited to: (1) whether the securities, assets and other positions comprising a basket are consistent with a Bull Fund’s investment objective, policies and disclosure; (2) whether the securities, assets and other positions can legally and readily be acquired, transferred and held by a Fund and/or Authorized Participant(s), as applicable; (3) whether to utilize cash, either in lieu of securities or other instruments or as a cash balancing amount; (4) whether the use of Custom Baskets may reduce costs, increase (tax) efficiency and improve trading; and (5) with respect to index-based strategies, whether the securities, assets and other positions aid a Fund to track its underlying index. Although the policies and procedures are designed to mitigate against potential overreaching by an Authorized Participant, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will be effective.

Placement of Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process

Orders to redeem Creation Units of the Funds through the Clearing Process must be delivered through an Authorized Participant that is a member of NSCC that is eligible to use the Continuous Net Settlement System. A redemption order must be received in good order by the transfer agent by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, whether transmitted by mail, through the transfer agent's automated system, telephone, facsimile or other means permitted under the Authorized Participant Agreement, in order to receive that day’s NAV per Share. All other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement must be followed in order for you to receive the NAV determined on that day.

Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process

Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process, including all cash-only redemptions, must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the Authorized Participant Agreement , and, for the Fixed Income Funds, has the ability to transact through the Federal Reserve System. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order for redemption of Creation Units of a Fund to be effected outside the Clearing Process must be an Authorized Participant, and such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units will instead be effected

through transfer of Shares directly through DTC or the Federal Reserve System (for cash and U.S. government securities). A redemption order must be received in good order by the transfer agent by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, whether transmitted by mail, through the transfer agent's automated system, telephone, facsimile or other means permitted under the Authorized Participant Agreement, in order to receive that day’s NAV per Share. The order must be accompanied or preceded by the requisite number of Shares of the Funds specified in such order, which delivery must be made through DTC or the Federal Reserve System to the Trust; and all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement must be properly followed. After the transfer agent has deemed an order for redemption of a Bull Fund’s shares outside the Clearing Process received, the transfer agent will initiate procedures to transfer the requisite Redemption Securities and Balancing Amount (minus the redemption Transaction Fee or additional charges for requested cash redemptions).

Settlement of Redemption Orders

When redemption orders are placed through the Clearing Process, the required Redemption Securities and the Balancing Amount (minus the redemption Transaction Fee or additional charges for requested cash redemptions) or the Cash Redemption Amount, as applicable and at the discretion of Rafferty, will normally be transferred by the second Business Day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received in proper form. For Redemption orders placed outside of the Clearing Process, delivery of the requisite number of Shares of the Funds must be delivered by the second Business Day following such Transmittal Date. The redeeming party will normally receive the Cash Redemption Amount or the Redemption Securities and Balancing Amount by the second Business Day following the Transmittal Date on which such redemption order is deemed received by the transfer agent.

Effective May 28, 2024, the typical settlement date for each transaction described above will be within one day of the transaction (or T+1), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the receipt of the Redemption Securities and Balancing Amount or the Cash Redemption Amount may take longer than two (or one, after May 28, 2024) Business Days following the Transmittal Date. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.

Suspension or Postponement of Right of Redemption

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund’s portfolio securities or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

Cancellations of Purchase or Redemption Orders

In the event a purchase or redemption order is cancelled, the Authorized Participant will be responsible for reimbursing a Fund for all costs associated with cancelling the order, including costs for repositioning the portfolio. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such cancelled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day, with a newly constituted Deposit Securities and Balancing Amount, Cash Purchase Amount, Cash Redemption Amount or Redemption Securities and Balancing Amount to reflect the next calculated NAV.

Continuous Offering

The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by the Trust on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells some or all of the Shares comprising such Creation Units directly to its customers; or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether a person is an underwriter for the purposes of the Securities Act depends upon all the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities. Thus, the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter. Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary market transaction), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus-delivery obligation with respect to Shares are reminded that under Securities Act Rule 153 a

prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to a national securities exchange member in connection with a sale on the national securities exchange is satisfied by the fact that the Fund’s prospectus is available at the national securities exchange on which the Shares of such Fund trade upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange and not with respect to “upstairs” transactions.

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions

Rafferty expects a significant portion of the Funds' assets to come from professional money managers and investors who use the Funds as part of “asset allocation” and “market timing” investment strategies. These strategies often call for frequent trading to take advantage of anticipated changes in market conditions. The Trust’s Board of Trustees has determined not to adopt policies and procedures designed to prevent or monitor for frequent purchases and redemptions of each Fund’s shares because the Fund sells and redeems its shares at NAV only in Creation Units with Authorized Participants, and such direct trading between the Fund and Authorized Participants is critical to ensuring that the Fund’s shares trade in the market at or close to NAV. Further, the vast majority of trading in Fund shares occurs on the secondary market, which does not involve a Fund directly and therefore does not cause a Fund to experience many of the harmful effects of market timing, such as dilution and disruption of portfolio management. In addition, each Fund normally imposes a Transaction Fee on Creation Unit transactions, which is designed to offset transfer and other costs incurred by the Fund in connection with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units. The Fund also may employ fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing. Although each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase orders, no Fund currently imposes any trading restrictions on frequent trading or actively monitor for trading abuses.

Transaction Fees

Transaction Fees payable to the Trust are normally imposed to compensate the Trust for the transfer and other transaction costs of a Fund associated with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units. There is a fixed and a variable component to the total Transaction Fee. A fixed Transaction Fee is applicable to each creation or redemption transaction, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased or redeemed. In addition, a variable Transaction Fee based upon the value of each Creation Unit may be applied to creations and/or redemptions, depending on whether market conditions are expected to impose additional costs on a Fund. The Transaction Fee applicable to the redemption of Creation Units will not exceed 2% of the value of the redemption proceeds.

Purchasers of Creation Units of a Fund for cash may be required to pay an additional charge to compensate the Fund for brokerage and market impact expenses relating to investing in portfolios securities. Where the Trust permits an in-kind purchaser to substitute cash in lieu of depositing a portion of the Deposit Securities, the purchaser may be assessed an additional charge for cash purchases.

Purchasers of Shares in Creation Units are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust. Similarly, investors who redeem Creation Units will bear the costs of transferring Redemption Securities from a Fund to their account. Transactions that use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. In addition, Rafferty may, from time to time, at its own expense, compensate purchasers of Creation Units who have purchased substantial amounts of Creation Units and other financial institutions for administrative or marketing services.

Transaction fees are imposed as described below.

Direxion Shares ETF Trust	Fixed Transaction Fee			Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions*	Maximum Additional Charge for Purchases*
		In-Kind	Cash
	NSCC	Outside NSCC	Outside NSCC
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%

Direxion Shares ETF Trust	Fixed Transaction Fee			Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions*	Maximum Additional Charge for Purchases*
		In-Kind	Cash
	NSCC	Outside NSCC	Outside NSCC
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Market Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	$300	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$300	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	$625	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$625	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	$800	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$800	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%

Direxion Shares ETF Trust	Fixed Transaction Fee			Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions*	Maximum Additional Charge for Purchases*
		In-Kind	Cash
	NSCC	Outside NSCC	Outside NSCC
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$250	Up to 300% of NSCC Amount	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	N/A	N/A	$250	Up to 2.00%	Up to 5.00%

As a percentage of the amount invested.

Dividends, Other Distributions and Taxes

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) makes significant changes to the U.S. Federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are not permanent and only apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. While there are minor changes to the RIC rules, the Tax Act makes changes to the tax rules affecting shareholders and the Fund, including various investments that the Fund may make. Potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information.

Dividends and other Distributions

As stated in the Prospectus, a Fund declares and distributes dividends to its shareholders from its net investment income at least annually; for these purposes, net investment income includes dividends, accrued interest, and accretion of OID and market discount, less amortization of market premium and estimated expenses, and is calculated immediately prior to the determination of a Fund’s NAV per share, the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss (“short-term gain”), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, if any, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, and is calculated immediately prior to the determination of a Fund’s NAV per share. A Fund may make more frequent distributions thereof if necessary to avoid federal income or excise taxes. A Fund may realize net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and thus anticipates making annual distributions thereof. For federal income tax purposes, a Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset net capital gains, if any, during its taxable years following the year of the loss. Capital losses carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. To the extent subsequent net capital gains are offset by such losses, they would not result in federal income tax liability to a Fund and as noted above, would not be distributed as such to shareholders. The Trustees may revise this distribution policy, or postpone the payment of distributions, if a Fund has or anticipates any large unexpected expense, loss or fluctuation in net assets that, in the Trustees’ opinion, might have a significant adverse effect on its shareholders.

Investors should be aware that if shares are purchased shortly before the record date for any dividend or capital gain distribution, the shareholder will pay full price for the shares and receive some portion of the purchase price back as a taxable distribution (with the tax consequences described in the Prospectus).

Taxes

Regulated Investment Company Status. Each Fund is treated as a separate entity for federal tax purposes and intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC. If a Fund so qualifies and satisfies the Distribution Requirement (defined below) for a taxable year, it will not be subject to federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income (generally consisting of net investment income, short-term gain, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain it distributes to its shareholders for that year.

To qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (“Distribution Requirement”) and 90% of its net exempt interest income and must meet several additional requirements. For each Fund, these requirements include the following: (1) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from the following sources (collectively, “Qualifying Income”): (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies, and (b) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (“QPTP”) (“Income Requirement”); and (2) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes), and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in (i) securities (other than U.S. government securities or

the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (ii) securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (iii) securities of one or more QPTPs (collectively, “Diversification Requirements”). The Internal Revenue Service (“Service”) has ruled that income from a derivative contract on a commodity index generally is not Qualifying Income.

Although each Fund intends to continue to satisfy all the foregoing requirements, there is no assurance that a Fund will be able to do so. The investment by a Fund in swaps, options and futures positions entails some risk that it might fail to satisfy one or both of the Diversification Requirements. There is some uncertainty regarding the valuation of such positions for purposes of those requirements; accordingly, it is possible that the method of valuation a Fund uses, pursuant to which each of them would expect to be treated as satisfying the Diversification Requirements, would not be accepted in an audit by the Service, which might apply a different method resulting in disqualification of the Funds.

In particular, with respect to swaps, the consistent market practice has been to treat a swap’s in-the-money (or mark-to-market) value as its market value for diversification purposes, and each Fund follows such market practice. However, in the 1980s, the Service issued informal guidance that certain securities derivatives (such as options) should be valued at notional value; however, there is no formal guidance from the Service on such treatment. If a Fund was required to treat the notional value of its swaps as the market value, it may fail to meet the diversification requirements and, as a result, may fail to qualify as a RIC. In that case, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, meaning that it would pay corporate taxes and distributions to its shareholders would still be taxable (as dividends to the shareholders).

If a Fund failed to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, (1) its taxable income, including net capital gain, would be taxed at corporate income tax rates (currently 21%), (2) it would not receive a deduction for the distributions it makes to its shareholders, and (3) the shareholders would treat all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain, as dividends (that is, ordinary income, except for the part of those dividends that is “qualified dividend income” (described in the Prospectus) (“QDI”)) if certain holding period and other requirements are met) to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits; and those dividends would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction available to corporations under certain circumstances. In addition, the Fund would be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment. However, the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 provides certain savings provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Income and Diversification Requirements as long as the failure “is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect” and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements.

Excise Tax. Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts.

Income from Foreign Securities. Dividends and interest a Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding, or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate these taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.

Gains or losses (1) from the disposition of foreign currencies, including forward currency contracts, (2) on the disposition of each foreign-currency-denominated debt security that are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the dates of acquisition and disposition of the security, and (3) that are attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates that occur between the time a Fund accrues dividends, interest, or other receivables, or expenses or other liabilities, denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects the receivables or pays the liabilities, generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders.

Each Fund may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests for a taxable year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock of a PFIC or of any gain on its disposition of the stock (collectively, “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. Fund distributions thereof will not be eligible for the maximum federal income tax rates applicable to QDI.

If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then, in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain -- which the Fund probably would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax -- even if the Fund did not receive those earnings and gain from the QEF. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.

Each Fund may elect to “mark to market” its stock in any PFIC. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC’s stock over a Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock with respect to which it makes this election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.

Derivatives Strategies. The use of derivatives strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures, and forward contracts a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as Qualifying Income. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections, and make appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any foreign currency, option, futures contract, forward contract, or hedged investment to mitigate the effect of these rules, seek to prevent its disqualification as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income and excise taxes.

Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts that are traded in the interbank market, and “nonequity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index)—except any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement—in which a Fund invests may be subject to Code section 1256 (collectively “section 1256 contracts”). Section 1256 contracts that a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be “marked to market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain a Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it. A Fund may elect not to have the foregoing rules apply to any “mixed straddle” (that is, a straddle, which the Fund clearly identifies in accordance with applicable regulations, at least one (but not all) of the positions of which are section 1256 contracts), although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of short-term capital gain (taxable as ordinary income) and thus increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax.

Code section 1092 (dealing with straddles) also may affect the taxation of options, futures, and forward contracts in which a Fund may invest. That section defines a “straddle” as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options, futures, and forward contracts are positions in personal property. Under that section, any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrecognized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition, these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that otherwise would be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain “wash sale” rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and “short sale” rules applicable to straddles. If a Fund makes certain elections, the amount, character, and timing of recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions would be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to a Fund of straddle transactions are not entirely clear.

If a call option written by a Fund lapses (i.e., terminates without being exercised), the amount of the premium it received for the option will be short-term capital gain. If a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction with respect to a written call option, it will have a short-term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the premium it received for the option it wrote and the premium it pays for the option it buys. If such an option is exercised and a Fund thus sells the securities or futures contract subject to the option, the premium the Fund received will be added to the exercise price to determine the gain or loss on the sale. If a call option purchased by a Fund lapses, it will realize short-term or long-term capital loss, depending on its holding period for the option. If a Fund exercises a purchased call option, the premium it paid for the option will be added to the basis in the subject securities or futures contract.

If a Fund has an “appreciated financial position” - generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures, or forward contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than “straight debt”), or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis - and enters into a “constructive sale” of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures or forward contract a Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated

financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to a Fund’s transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale, or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).

Income from Zero-Coupon and Payment-in-Kind Securities. A Fund may acquire zero-coupon or other securities (such as strips) issued with OID. As a holder of those securities, a Fund must include in its gross income the OID that accrues on the securities during the taxable year, even if it receives no corresponding payment on them during the year. Similarly, a Fund must include in its gross income securities it receives as “interest” on payment-in-kind securities. With respect to “market discount bonds” (i.e., bonds purchased at a price less than their issue price plus the portion of OID previously accrued thereon), a Fund may elect to accrue and include in income each taxable year a portion of the bonds’ market discount. Because each Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income, including any accrued OID and other non-cash income, to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, a Fund may be required in a particular year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Fund’s cash assets or from the proceeds of sales of portfolio securities, if necessary. A Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.

Income from REITs. A Fund may invest in REITs that (1) hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or (2) engage in mortgage securitization transactions that cause the REITs to be taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”) or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. A portion of the net income allocable to REMIC residual interest holders may be an “excess inclusion.” The Code authorizes the issuance of regulations dealing with the taxation and reporting of excess inclusion income of REITs and RICs that hold residual REMIC interests and of REITs, or qualified REIT subsidiaries that are TMPs. Although those regulations have not yet been issued, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Service issued a notice in 2006 (“Notice”) announcing that, pending the issuance of further guidance, the Service would apply the principles in the following paragraphs to all excess inclusion income, whether from REMIC residual interests or TMPs.

The Notice provides that a REIT must (1) determine whether it or its qualified REIT subsidiary (or a part of either) is a TMP and, if so, calculate the TMP’s excess inclusion income under a “reasonable method,” (2) allocate its excess inclusion income to its shareholders generally in proportion to dividends paid, (3) inform shareholders that are not “disqualified organizations” (i.e., governmental units and tax-exempt entities that are not subject to the unrelated business income tax) of the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated thereto, (4) pay tax (at the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations) on the excess inclusion income allocable to its shareholders that are disqualified organizations, and (5) apply the withholding tax provisions with respect to the excess inclusion part of dividends paid to foreign persons without regard to any treaty exception or reduction in tax rate. Excess inclusion income allocated to certain tax-exempt entities (including qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, and public charities) constitutes unrelated business taxable income to them.

A RIC with excess inclusion income is subject to rules identical to those in clauses (2) through (5) (substituting “who are nominees” for “that are not ‘disqualified organizations’” in clause (3) and inserting “record” after “its” in clause (4)). The Notice further provides that a RIC is not required to report the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated to its shareholders that are not nominees, except that (1) a RIC with excess inclusion income from all sources that exceeds 1% of its gross income must do so and (2) any other RIC must do so by taking into account only excess inclusion income allocated to the RIC from a REIT the excess inclusion income of which exceeded 3% of the REIT’s dividends. A Fund will not invest directly in REMIC residual interests, and does not intend to invest in REITs that, to its knowledge, invest in those interests or are TMPs or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP.

Each Fund may invest in REITs. Under provisions generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the Code generally allows individuals and certain other non-corporate entities a deduction for 20% of (1) qualified REIT dividends and (2) qualified publicly traded partnership income. Regulations allow a RIC to pass the character of its qualified REIT dividends through to its shareholders provided certain holding period requirements are met. The Treasury Department has also announced that it is considering adopting regulations that would provide a similar pass-through of qualified publicly traded partnership income, but that pass-through is not currently available. As a result, an investor who investors directly in qualified publicly traded partnerships will be able to receive the benefit of the 20% deduction, which a shareholder in a Fund, if it invests in qualified publicly traded partnerships currently will not.

Taxation of Shareholders.

Basis Election and Reporting . A shareholder’s basis in Shares of a Fund that he or she acquires after December 31, 2011 (“Covered Shares”), will be determined in accordance with the Fund’s default method, which is average basis, unless the shareholder affirmatively elects in writing (which may be electronic) to use a different acceptable basis determination method,

such as a specific identification method. The basis determination method a Fund shareholder elects (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption.

In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the Service and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to decide the best Service-accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). As mentioned in the Prospectus, under FATCA “foreign financial institutions” (“FFIs”) or “non-financial foreign entities” (“NFFEs”) that are Fund shareholders may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on income dividends. That withholding tax generally can be avoided, however, as discussed below.

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the Service. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the Service, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements.

The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGAs”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA; entities in those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of Treasury regulations. An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country’s government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the Service. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the Service.

Those non-U.S. shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in a Fund.

* * * * *

The foregoing is only a general summary of some of the important federal tax considerations generally affecting the Funds. No attempt is made to present a complete explanation of the federal tax treatment of the Funds’ activities, and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers for more detailed information and for information regarding any state, local, or foreign taxes applicable to a Fund and to distributions therefrom.

Capital Loss Carryforwards. As of October 31, 2023, the Funds had capital loss carryforwards available to offset future capital gains in the respective amounts, for the term indicated below:

	Utilized in Current Year	Unlimited Short-Term	Unlimited Long-Term
Funds
Direxion Daily Mid Cap Bull 3X Shares	$—	$13,258,393	$—
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bull 3X Shares	$—	$72,854,915	$—
Direxion Daily S&P 500® Bear 3X Shares	$—	$2,745,890,765	$3,329,426
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bull 3X Shares	$—	$556,233,833	$—
Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares	$—	$3,483,249,332	$—
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bull 3X Shares	$—	$493,387,139	$5,052,531
Direxion Daily FTSE China Bear 3X Shares	$—	$103,615,282	$—
Direxion Daily FTSE Europe Bull 3X Shares	$—	$22,013,170	$248,164
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bull 3X Shares	$—	$163,034,478	$61,036,329
Direxion Daily MSCI Emerging Markets Bear 3X Shares	$—	$330,367,054	$—
Direxion Daily MSCI Mexico Bull 3X Shares	$—	$—	$—
Direxion Daily MSCI South Korea Bull 3X Shares	$—	$25,229,200	$—

	Utilized in Current Year	Unlimited Short-Term	Unlimited Long-Term
Funds
Direxion Daily Aerospace & Defense Bull 3X Shares	$5,096,355	$—	$—
Direxion Daily Consumer Discretionary Bull 3X Shares	$—	$20,828,649	$1,581,526
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bull 3X Shares	$—	$120,923,438	$762,606
Direxion Daily Dow Jones Internet Bear 3X Shares	$—	$24,805,776	$—
Direxion Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares	$—	$397,872,276	$69,018,742
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares	$—	$3,094,991,711	$—
Direxion Daily Healthcare Bull 3X Shares	$—	$12,349,092	$2,152,307
Direxion Daily Homebuilders & Supplies Bull 3X Shares	$—	$—	$—
Direxion Daily Industrials Bull 3X Shares	$—	$297,071	$157,631
Direxion Daily Pharmaceutical & Medical Bull 3X Shares	$—	$6,639,378	$610,300
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bull 3X Shares	$—	$8,544,688	$—
Direxion Daily Real Estate Bear 3X Shares	$—	$113,896,302	$—
Direxion Daily Regional Banks Bull 3X Shares	$—	$104,932,878	$9,760,017
Direxion Daily Retail Bull 3X Shares	$—	$52,816,258	$10,049,344
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bull 3X Shares	$—	$16,389,966	$1,434,446
Direxion Daily S&P 500® High Beta Bear 3X Shares	$—	$121,105,626	$—
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bull 3X Shares	$—	$1,270,365,863	$118,187,470
Direxion Daily S&P Biotech Bear 3X Shares	$—	$309,241,125	$—
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bull 3X Shares	$160,811,379	$64,619,538	$14,170,949
Direxion Daily Semiconductor Bear 3X Shares	$—	$1,143,609,094	$—
Direxion Daily Technology Bull 3X Shares	$—	$241,290,237	$34,655,720
Direxion Daily Technology Bear 3X Shares	$—	$350,892,945	$—
Direxion Daily Transportation Bull 3X Shares	$—	$685,137	$545,504
Direxion Daily Utilities Bull 3X Shares	$—	$—	$—
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$—	$8,383,391	$692,259
Direxion Daily 7-10 Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$1,865,238	$45,485,883	$—
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bull 3X Shares	$—	$76,816,241	$3,148,090
Direxion Daily 20+ Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares	$105,112,757	$583,298,018	$—

For federal income tax purposes, a Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset net capital gains, if any, during its taxable years following the year of the loss. The carryforward of capital losses realized in taxable years beginning prior to December 23, 2010, however, is limited to an eight-year period following the year of realization. Thereafter, capital losses carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law. A Fund must use losses that do not expire before it uses losses that do expire and a Fund’s ability to utilize capital losses in a given year or in total may be limited. To the extent subsequent net capital gains are offset by such losses, they would not result in federal income tax liability to a Fund and as noted above, would not be distributed as such to shareholders.

Financial Statements

The Funds' financial statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, are incorporated herein by reference from the Funds' Annual Report to Shareholders dated October 31, 2023.

To receive a copy of the Prospectus or Annual or Semi-Annual Report to shareholders, without charge, write to or call the Trust at the contact information listed below:

Write to:	Direxion Shares ETF Trust 1301 Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue), 28th Floor New York, New York 10019
Call:	(866) 476-7523
By Internet:	www.direxion.com

APPENDIX A

Description of Corporate Bond Ratings

Moody’s Investors Service and S&P Global Ratings are two prominent independent rating agencies that rate the quality of bonds. Following are expanded explanations of the ratings shown in the Prospectus and this SAI.

Moody’s Investors Service – Global Long-Term Ratings

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay. Moody’s ratings do not address non-standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.

Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*

* By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

Moody’s Investors Service – National Scale Long-Term Ratings

Moody’s long-term National Scale Ratings (NSRs) are opinions of the relative creditworthiness of issuers and financial obligations within a particular country. NSRs are not designed to be compared among countries; rather, they address relative credit risk within a given country. Moody’s assigns national scale ratings in certain local capital markets in which investors have found the global rating scale provides inadequate differentiation among credits or is inconsistent with a rating scale already in common use in the country. In each specific country, the last two characters of the rating indicate the country in which the issuer is located or the financial obligation was issued (e.g., Aaa.ke for Kenya).

Aaa.n: Issuers or issues rated Aaa.n demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

Aa.n: Issuers or issues rated Aa.n demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

A.n: Issuers or issues rated A.n present above-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

Baa.n: Issuers or issues rated Baa.n represent average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

Ba.n: Issuers or issues rated Ba.n demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

B.n: Issuers or issues rated B.n demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

A-1

Caa.n: Issuers or issues rated Caa.n demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

Ca.n: Issuers or issues rated Ca.n demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

C.n: Issuers or issues rated C.n demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.

S&P Global Ratings – Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings' view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default. Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term issue credit ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market, typically with an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Short-term issue credit ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. We would typically assign a long-term issue credit rating to an obligation with an original maturity of greater than 365 days. However, the ratings we assign to certain instruments may diverge from these guidelines based on market practices.

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings' analysis of the following considerations:

•

The likelihood of payment--the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

•

The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise we impute; and

•

The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.

An issue rating is an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

AAA: An obligation rated 'AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA: An obligation rated 'AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

A: An obligation rated 'A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

BBB: An obligation rated 'BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated 'BB', 'B', 'CCC', 'CC', and 'C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. 'BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and 'C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

BB: An obligation rated 'BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B: An obligation rated 'B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated 'BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CCC: An obligation rated 'CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CC: An obligation rated 'CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The 'CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

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C: An obligation rated 'C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

D: An obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

*Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

Moody’s Investors Service – Municipal Short Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings

We use the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by US municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.

For other short-term municipal obligations, we use one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scales discussed below.

We use the MIG scale for US municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less.

MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

For variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), Moody’s assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity [provider to meet any purchase price payment obligation resulting from optional tenders (“on demand”) and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

For VRDOs, we typically assign a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as “NR.”

Industrial development bonds in the US where the obligor is a corporate may carry a VMIG rating that reflects Moody’s view of the relative likelihood of default and loss. In these cases, liquidity assessment is based on the liquidity of the corporate obligor.

VMIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

VMIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.

VMIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.

SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections.

S&P Global Ratings – Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings

An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings analysis will review the following considerations:

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Amortization schedule--the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

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Source of payment--the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

D: 'D' is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.

Moody’s Investors Service – Global Short Term Rating Scale

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global short-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.

P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.

P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.

P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

S&P Global Ratings –Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

A-1: A short-term obligation rated 'A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2: A short-term obligation rated 'A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3: A short-term obligation rated 'A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B: A short-term obligation rated 'B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

C: A short-term obligation rated 'C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

D: A short-term obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example, due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, 'AAA/A-1+' or 'A-1+/A-1'). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, 'SP-1+/A-1+').

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