ck0001683471-20220630
Spear Alpha ETF
(SPRX)
Principal
U.S. Listing Exchange: The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC
October 31,
2022
The
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or
disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this
Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
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SPEAR
ALPHA ETF - FUND SUMMARY |
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OTHER
INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES |
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OTHER
SERVICE PROVIDERS |
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NET
INVESTMENT INCOME TAX |
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FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS BY THE FUND |
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DISTRIBUTION
PLAN |
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SPEAR
ALPHA ETF - FUND SUMMARY |
Investment Objective
The
Spear Alpha ETF
(the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital
growth.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and
sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You
may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial
intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example
below.
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Shareholder
Fees
(fees
paid directly from your investment) |
None |
Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses
that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment) |
Management
Fee |
0.75% |
Distribution
and/or Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.00% |
Other
Expenses |
0.00% |
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.75% |
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Example
This Example is
intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of
investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the
Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the
end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5%
return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The
Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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1
Year: |
$77 |
3
Years: |
$240 |
5
Years: |
$417 |
10
Years: |
$930 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction
costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction
costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account.
These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal period August
3, 2021 (commencement of operations) through June 30, 2022, the Fund’s portfolio
turnover rate was 262% of the average value of its
portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The
Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded Fund (“ETF”) that invests primarily
in equity securities, including common stock or American depositary receipts
(“ADRs”), of companies that Spear Advisors LLC (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s
investment adviser, believes are poised to benefit from breakthrough innovation
in industrial technology. For purposes of the Fund’s investments, the Adviser
defines “innovation in industrial technology” as those technological
developments that are transforming or have the potential to transform the
industrial sector.
The
Adviser targets industrial technological developments that can be categorized
into one or more of the themes described below. The Adviser seeks to invest in
companies engaged at any stage of the supply chain that is relevant to one of
these themes. For example, the Adviser may invest in companies engaged in the
mining, processing and production of materials or natural resources used in the
development of services, products or technologies; companies engaged in the
manufacturing of instruments, components or parts underlying the products,
services, or technologies of one or more of the themes; or companies that use or
benefit from such products, services, or technologies to generate operational
efficiencies in their own business.
Enterprise
Digitalization.
New developments in scalable connectivity (such as 5G and cloud migration) are
enabling digitalization of manufacturing businesses, creating an ecosystem of
companies with the potential to benefit from this trend. In its application of
this theme, the Adviser seeks to identify and invest in companies engaged in one
or more of the following, or similar, activities: (i) developing advancements in
industrial software (e.g.,
design, simulation, digital twin technology, and augmented/virtual reality
(“AR/VR”)); (ii) providing software solutions targeted at optimizing operations
(e.g.,
procurement); (iii) providing associated hardware (e.g.,
sensors, probes); (iv) providing products or services that act as building
blocks for such technologies (e.g.,
semiconductors); (v) providing digital data related solutions, such as storage
(including cloud based solutions), cybersecurity and/or analysis; (vi) utilizing
any of these technologies, products, or services to develop new products or
technologies; and/or (vii) utilizing any of these technologies, products, or
services to generate meaningful operational efficiencies in their own business.
Artificial
Intelligence.
Deep learning is a form of artificial intelligence (“AI”) that is finding
significant industrial applications and uses, including autonomous driving,
cybersecurity, predictive maintenance, and machine vision. In its application of
this theme, the Adviser seeks to identify and invest in companies: (i) that
provide AI technologies that enable autonomous activity, such as autonomous
driving vehicles or drones (e.g.,
companies that provide software for image classification, voice recognition,
natural language processing); (ii) that provide AI-based algorithms and software
for the purposes of predictive maintenance; (iii) that provide AI-based machine
vision software and associated hardware; and/or (iv) whose products or business
processes are meaningful users of AI based technologies.
Robotics
and Industrial Automation.
Innovation in robotics and automation is driving increased adoption and new
applications. In its application of this theme, the Adviser seeks to identify
and invest in companies that engage in one or more of the following, or similar,
activities: (i) the design and/or manufacturing of robotics or industrial
automation in the form of products, software, or systems; (ii) the development
and/or manufacturing of associated components and materials; or (iii) the use of
robotics and automation to improve their operations.
Environmental
Focus and Decarbonization.
Decarbonization and broader environmental awareness is a powerful theme with the
potential for significant innovation in industrial technology. Companies within
this theme include those that engage in one or more of the following, or
similar, activities: (i) providing low carbon footprint solutions, such as
electric and hydrogen vehicles; (ii) providing products, components, services
and materials that go into the associated infrastructure (e.g.,
charging
stations, electronic components, materials); (iii) providing products and
services that improve the environmental operating efficiency (e.g.,
energy efficiency innovations) of physical structures; (iv) providing
technologies and services for carbon sequestration; and/or (v) providing
equipment, components, and services for other environmental initiatives such as
water filtration and environmental remediation.
Photonics
and Additive Manufacturing.
Photonics is the technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms
of radiant energy whose quantum (i.e.,
smallest possible) unit is the photon. Photonics applications extend from
additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) and laser cutting for
manufacturing processes for high powered lasers, to sensing and imaging for low
powered lasers. In applying this theme, the Adviser seeks to identify and invest
in companies engaged in the following, or similar, activities: (i) the
manufacturing of 3D printing equipment and materials; (ii) the manufacturing of
high-power fiber laser equipment and components; (iii) the use of
photonics-based technologies for manufacturing process optimization and cost
reduction; and/or (iv) the use of photonics-based technologies for imaging
applications, such as for medical imaging, life science, and optical data
communications.
Space
Exploration. Growth
in space exploration is expected to accelerate, driven by cost reductions from
reusable-rocket technology and smaller, cost-effective satellite technologies,
creating an ecosystem of companies that may benefit from this theme. The Adviser
seeks to identify and invest in such companies, including those that (i) enable
space exploration, through, for example, simulation, AI, or robotics related
software, products or systems; (ii) make, launch, and operate platforms in
orbital and sub-orbital space, such as rockets, satellites, drones and other
aircraft and equipment; or (iii) utilize any of these technologies, products, or
services to generate meaningful operational efficiencies in their
business.
In
constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser selects investments for the Fund
that represent its highest-conviction investment ideas within the themes
described above. The highest-conviction investment ideas are companies that have
the highest expected risk-adjusted return as determined though the Adviser’s
proprietary investment process.
The
Adviser’s Investment Process. The
Adviser’s alpha strategy seeks to identify investment opportunities in which the
performance of a company’s stock will exceed that of the market over time. In
implementing this strategy, the Adviser employs a fundamental research process,
combining deep industry knowledge with rigorous financial analysis. The Adviser
strives to achieve a portfolio profile that is balanced between growth companies
(i.e.,
companies the Adviser believes have high and underappreciated growth prospects)
and value companies (i.e.,
companies the Adviser believes to be undervalued based on its assessment of
their underlying fundamentals).
To
identify the Fund’s investable universe, the Adviser uses top-down analysis to
identify companies and associated supply chains that are beneficiaries of the
investment themes, leveraging both internal and publicly available external
resources.
Once
a company is identified as relevant to one or more themes, the Adviser conducts
bottom-up research of the company, including: (i) assessment of the company’s
market potential and competitive positioning; (ii) analysis of the company’s
financial performance and history of generating returns on invested capital; and
(iii) assessment of the quality of its management team and its ability to
execute on the financial plan. The Adviser builds financial forecasts using
assumptions derived from the research process and constructs a valuation
framework using several valuation methodologies, including a Discounted Cash
Flow Model, which is a valuation method used to estimate the value of an
investment based on its expected future cash flows.
In
evaluating investments for the Fund, the Adviser applies an environment, social,
and governance (“ESG”) framework that evaluates companies based on various
metrics, such as the company’s impact on the environment. This includes
consideration of whether the company has any targets for carbon emission
reduction, its commitment to reducing energy consumption, and the company’s
history
or
potential to improve the industrial sector or generate environmental benefits.
The Adviser also considers a company’s governance philosophy, such as the
company’s management incentive structure, board of directors composition, and
employee ownership. The Adviser’s ESG framework considers only publicly
available information about a company sourced and evaluated by the Adviser. The
Adviser uses this ESG framework to screen companies for inclusion or exclusion
from the Fund’s investment universe. The implementation of the Fund’s ESG
framework, including the evaluation of each potential investment, as well as
identification of opportunities that benefit from environmental focus, is a core
part of the research process and the Fund’s investment theme (as described under
“Environmental Focus and Decarbonization” above).
The
Adviser continuously monitors, resizes, and exits positions based on changes in
the fundamental drivers of a company’s business (including structural changes,
such as increased competition, new entrants and disruptive technologies,
unfavorable supply/demand balance) and its valuation. Such activity could lead
to increased portfolio turnover of the Fund’s holdings and higher transaction
costs.
The
Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization, but will typically
invest in large capitalization companies with market capitalizations between $10
billion and $100 billion.
The Fund is classified as a
“non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended (the “1940 Act”).
Principal Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The
principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding
particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk
summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund,
regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could
lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or
all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”),
trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment
objective. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in
the Fund:
•Artificial
Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Investment Risk.
Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology
sector, are exploring the possible applications of AI, machine learning and
other deep learning technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility
has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include
equity securities of operating companies that focus on or have exposure to a
wide variety of activities in addition to their AI, machine learning and deep
learning activities, and the economic fortunes of such companies may be tied to
such other activities. Currently, there are few public companies for which AI,
machine learning and deep learning technologies represent an attributable and
significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately
have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund
invests. Companies that do have a focus on such technologies may rely on a
combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret laws to
establish and protect their proprietary rights in their products and
technologies. These companies also tend to engage in significant amounts of
spending on research and development, and there is no guarantee that these
products or services will be successful. The securities of such companies,
especially smaller, start-up companies, also are typically more volatile than
those of companies that do not rely heavily on technology.
•Cybersecurity
Risk.
Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund
assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser and/or other
service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer
data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or
breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser or the Fund’s other
service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”), the Fund’s
primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests
have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business
operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Fund Shares, potentially
resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.
•Depositary
Receipt Risk.
Depositary receipts, including ADRs, involve risks similar to those associated
with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic
conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign
currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or
trust companies, and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that
are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the
Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly
in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary
receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the
Underlying Shares.
•Environmental,
Social, Governance Risk.
Applying ESG and sustainability criteria to the investment process may exclude
securities of certain issuers for non-investment reasons and, therefore, the
Fund may forgo some market opportunities available to funds that do not use ESG
or sustainability criteria. The Fund’s incorporation of ESG considerations may
affect its exposure to certain sectors and/or types of investments, and may
adversely impact the Fund’s performance depending on whether such sectors or
investments are in or out of favor in the market.
•Environmental,
Social Governance Data Risk.
Currently, there is not a universally accepted ESG standard or standardized
practices for generating ESG metrics and data. The lack of a uniform standard
means that the factors and criteria considered or
processed
to generate ESG metrics and data and the results of ESG research processes
generally will differ from company to company. The evaluation of ESG factors is
often subjective and the Adviser may not identify or evaluate every relevant ESG
factor with respect to every theme or investment. As a result, the Fund may
invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs or values of a particular
investor and may not be deemed to exhibit positive or favorable ESG
characteristics if different metrics or ESG rating agencies were used to
evaluate them. The Adviser’s ability to effectively evaluate a company’s ESG
characteristics and/or metrics is dependent on the availability of timely,
complete, and accurate ESG data for such company whether such data is reported
by the company or third-party ESG data and research providers. The Adviser’s and
any third-party ESG data provider’s ability to evaluate and assess ESG factors
is limited and/or compromised to the extent relevant data is unavailable or
inaccurate. As a result of the foregoing, the Fund may, from time to time,
acquire and/or hold securities of companies that do not have favorable ESG
characteristics. The Adviser relies on publicly-available and reported
information to evaluate the ESG characteristics of the companies in which it may
invest. Due to the specialized resources necessary to obtain ESG-related
information about individual companies, the Adviser does not undertake to, and
does not, independently test or verify publicly-available and reported
information regarding companies’ ESG characteristics and metrics.
•Equity
Market Risk. The
equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden,
unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur
because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting
specific issuers, industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests.
Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of
securities, such as preferred stocks and debt obligations, because common
stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
•ETF
Risks.
The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the
following risks:
◦Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration
Risk. The
Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In
addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity
providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events
occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face
delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process
creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these
services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the
business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities
step forward to perform their functions.
◦Costs
of Buying or Selling Shares Risk.
Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions
imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may
significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be
advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small
investments.
◦Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As
with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market
prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate
the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than
the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to
supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is
heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and
periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary
market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because
securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when
the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience
premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.
◦Trading. Although
Shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”)
and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no
assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock
exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to
mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be
significantly less liquid than Shares.
•Growth
Investing Risk.
Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since those companies usually
invest a high portion of earnings in their businesses, they may lack the
dividends of value stocks that can cushion stock prices in a falling market. The
prices of growth stocks are based largely on projections of the issuer’s future
earnings and revenues. If a company’s earnings or revenues fall short of
expectations, its stock price may fall dramatically.
•Industrials
Sector Risk.
The industrials sector includes companies engaged in aerospace and defense,
electrical engineering, machinery, and manufacturing. Companies in the
industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government
regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the
industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product
liability claims and exchange rates. Industrials companies are also subject to
fluctuations in supply and demand for their specific product or service and may
face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments.
•Limited
Operating History Risk. The
Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating
history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or
history on which to base their investment decision.
•Management
Risk. The
Fund is actively-managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the
Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In
addition, the Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding
investments,
interest rates, inflation, and other factors may not successfully achieve the
Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions.
•Market
Capitalization Risk.
◦Large-Capitalization
Investing.
The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature
compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during
times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies also may be unable
to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology
and consumer tastes.
◦Mid-Capitalization
Investing.
The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse
issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of
large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies
generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more
unpredictable price changes than large capitalization stocks or the stock market
as a whole.
◦Small-Capitalization
Investing.
The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to
adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of
large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization
companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more
unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the
stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information
concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established
companies.
•Market
Risk. The
trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a
variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or
specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments,
as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price,
like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in
response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money
over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have
experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of
these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public
health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding
interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and
other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war,
including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious
diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other
events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments.
These developments as well as other events could result in further market
volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of
certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other
markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic
will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to
support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what
additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events
and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund
performance.
•Non-Diversification
Risk.
Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may
invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer
or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result,
the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments
affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that
invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the
performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on
the Fund’s performance.
•Portfolio
Turnover Risk. Because
the Fund may “turn over” some or all of its portfolio frequently, the Fund may
incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups in the
bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover (e.g.,
in excess of 100% per year) may result in the Fund paying higher levels of
transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders.
•Robotics
and Automation Companies Risk.
The Fund invests in equity securities of robotics and automation companies and,
as such, is particularly sensitive to the risks affecting robotics and
automation companies. These risks include, but are not limited to, small or
limited markets for such securities, changes in business cycles, world economic
growth, technological progress, rapid obsolescence of products and services, and
government regulation. Securities of robotics and automation companies,
especially smaller, start-up companies, tend to be more volatile than securities
of companies that do not rely heavily on technology. Rapid change to
technologies that affect a company’s products could have a material adverse
effect on such company’s operating results. Robotics and automation companies
may rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret
laws to establish and protect their proprietary rights in their products and
technologies. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by these companies
to protect their proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent the
misappropriation of their technology or that competitors will not independently
develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to such
companies’ technology.
•Space
Exploration Companies Risk.
The exploration of space by private industry and the harvesting of space assets
is a business based on anticipation of future developments and is witnessing new
entrants into the market. Technological and engineering advances may not be
sufficient, or occur quickly enough, to fulfill current expectations regarding
progress in space
exploration
and development. Therefore, the Fund’s investments will be riskier than
traditional investments in established industry sectors and the growth of these
companies may be slower and subject to setbacks as technological advancements
are made to expand into space.
•Technology
Sector Risk. Market
or economic factors impacting technology companies and companies that rely
heavily on technological advances could have a major effect on the value of the
Fund's investments. The value of stocks of technology companies and companies
that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in
technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and
competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from
foreign competitors with lower production costs. Technology companies may have
limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Stocks of
technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially
those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the
overall market. Technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and
intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely
affect profitability. Additionally, companies in the technology sector may face
dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the
services of qualified personnel.
Many
Internet-related companies have incurred large losses since their inception and
may continue to incur large losses in the hope of capturing market share and
generating future revenues. Accordingly, many such companies expect to incur
significant operating losses for the foreseeable future, and may never be
profitable. The markets in which many Internet companies compete face rapidly
evolving industry standards, frequent new service and product announcements,
introductions and enhancements, and changing customer demands. The failure of an
Internet company to adapt to such changes could have a material adverse effect
on the company’s business. Additionally, the widespread adoption of new
Internet, networking, telecommunications technologies, or other technological
changes could require substantial expenditures by an Internet company to modify
or adapt its services or infrastructure, which could have a material adverse
effect on an Internet company’s business.
Competitive
pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of
semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing
capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to
aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could
adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector.
Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily
dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly
cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies
to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Software
companies can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive
pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the
application software industry, in particular, also may be negatively affected by
the decline or fluctuation of subscription renewal rates for their products and
services, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the
systems software industry may be adversely affected by, among other things,
actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in their products and services,
which may result in individual or class action lawsuits, state or federal
enforcement actions and other remediation costs.
•Temporary
Defensive Positions Risk. If
the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may invest all or a large
portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents. If the Fund takes a
temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment
objective.
•Value
Investing Risk. Because the Fund may utilize a value style
of investing, the Fund could suffer losses or produce poor results relative to
other funds, even in a rising market, if the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s
value or prospects for exceeding earnings expectations or market conditions is
incorrect.
Performance
The
Fund commenced operations on August 3, 2021 and, therefore, does not have a
performance history
for a full calendar year.
In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this
section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at
https://spear-funds.com/index2.php.
Portfolio
Management
|
|
|
|
| |
Adviser |
Spear
Advisors LLC |
Portfolio
Manager |
Ivana
Delevska, Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser, has been the portfolio
manager of the Fund since its inception in August 2021.
|
Purchase
and Sale of Shares
The
Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation
Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The
Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of
securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares
are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in
the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than
NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at
a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An
investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest
price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the
lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when
buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and
ask prices is referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
Recent
information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on
the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the
Fund’s website at https://spear-funds.com/index2.php.
Tax
Information
The
Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified
dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is
in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account.
Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed
later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial
Intermediary Compensation
If
you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary
(such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay
Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including
participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more
knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other
activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related
to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of
interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the
Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased
Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more
information.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Investment
Objective
The
Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment
policy and may be changed by the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of
Listed Funds Trust (the “Trust”) without shareholder approval upon written
notice to shareholders.
Other
Investment Practices and Strategies
Temporary
Defensive Positions
To
respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, the Fund
may invest up to 100% of its assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding
all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, or other
high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally
may include short-term U.S. government securities, commercial paper, bank
obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, other money market
instruments, and ETFs that invest in the foregoing instruments. The Adviser also
may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable
investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the
Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective.
Principal
Investment Risks
An
investment in the Fund entails risks. The Fund could lose money, or its
performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The following
provides additional information about the Fund’s principal risks. It is
important that investors closely review and understand these risks before making
an investment in the Fund. Just as in the Fund’s summary section, the principal
risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks
and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is
considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order
in which it appears.
•Artificial
Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Risk.
Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology
sector, are exploring the possible applications of AI, machine learning and
other deep learning technologies. The extent of such technologies’ versatility
has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include
equity securities of operating companies that focus on or have exposure to a
wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held
by the Fund may not be significantly tied to such technologies. Currently, there
are few public companies for which AI, machine learning and deep learning
technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream,
and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic
returns of companies in which the Fund invests. Companies that do have a focus
on such technologies may rely on a combination of patents, copyrights,
trademarks and trade secret laws to establish and protect their proprietary
rights in their products and technologies. These companies also tend to engage
in significant amounts of spending on research and development, and there is no
guarantee that these products or services will be successful. The securities of
such companies, especially smaller, start-up companies, also typically more
volatile than those of companies that do not rely heavily on
technology.
•Cybersecurity
Risk.
With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence
on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such
as the Fund) and their service providers may be prone to operational and
information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological
malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events
may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or
corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from
accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential
information without authorization, and causing operational disruption.
Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund
assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser and/or other
service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer
data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or
breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser or the Fund’s other
service providers, market makers, APs, the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or
the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt
and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to
purchase and sell Fund Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the
Fund and its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions
may interfere with the processing of shareholder or other transactions, affect
the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private
shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause
reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or
financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional
compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of
Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Fund Shares, and other
data integral to the functioning of the Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or
incomplete. The Fund also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk
management in order to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Fund and its
shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
•Depositary
Receipt Risk.
The Fund may hold the securities of non-U.S. companies in the form of depository
receipts, including ADRs and global depositary receipts (“GDRs”). ADRs are
negotiable certificates issued by a U.S. financial institution that represent a
specified number of shares in a foreign stock and trade on a U.S. national
securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). Sponsored
ADRs are issued with the support of the issuer of the foreign stock underlying
the ADRs and carry all of the rights of common shares, including voting rights.
GDRs are similar to ADRs, but may be issued in
bearer
form and are typically offered for sale globally and held by a foreign branch of
an international bank. The underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts,
particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no
obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such
receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities. Issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not
contractually obligated to disclose material information in the U.S. and,
therefore, such information may not correlate to the market value of the
unsponsored depositary receipt. The Underlying Shares in the Fund’s portfolio
are usually denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As a
result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of the
Fund’s portfolio. In addition, because the Underlying Shares trade on foreign
exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, the value of
the Underlying Shares may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are
not open for trading, regardless of whether there is an active U.S. market for
Shares.
•Environmental,
Social, Governance Risk.
Applying ESG and sustainability criteria to the investment process may exclude
securities of certain issuers for non-investment reasons and, therefore, the
Fund may forgo some market opportunities available to funds that do not use ESG
or sustainability criteria. The Fund’s incorporation of ESG considerations may
affect its exposure to certain sectors and/or types of investments and may
adversely impact the Fund’s performance depending on whether such sectors or
investments are in or out of favor in the market. In addition, the Fund’s
investments in certain companies may be susceptible to various factors that may
impact their businesses or operations, including costs associated with
government budgetary constraints that impact publicly funded projects and clean
energy initiatives, the effects of general economic conditions throughout the
world, increased competition from other providers of services, unfavorable tax
laws or accounting policies and high leverage.
•Environmental,
Social, Governance Data Risk. Currently,
there is not a universally accepted ESG standard or standardized practices for
generating ESG metrics and data. The lack of a uniform standard means that the
factors and criteria considered or processed to generate ESG metrics and data
and the results of ESG research processes generally will differ from company to
company. The evaluation of ESG factors is often subjective and the Adviser may
not identify or evaluate every relevant ESG factor with respect to every theme
or investment. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect
the beliefs or values of a particular investor and may not be deemed to exhibit
positive or favorable ESG characteristics if different metrics or ESG rating
agencies were used to evaluate them. ESG standards differ by region and
industry, and a company’s ESG practices or an ESG rating agency’s assessment of
a company’s ESG practices may change over time. Moreover, because ESG
considerations are still an emerging area of investment focus, ESG information
and metrics can be difficult to obtain or not able to be obtained. The
evaluation of ESG factors and implementation of ESG-related investment criteria
or restrictions (e.g., screens) rely on the availability of timely, complete,
and accurate ESG data reported by companies and/or third-party ESG data and
research providers. The Adviser’s and any third-party ESG data provider’s
ability to evaluate and assess ESG factors is limited and/or compromised to the
extent relevant data is unavailable or inaccurate. As a result of the foregoing,
the Fund may, from time to time, acquire and/or hold securities of companies
that do not have favorable ESG characteristics. The successful implementation of
the Fund’s strategy is therefore dependent in large part on the ESG factors
considered and timely and accurately reported by the companies in which the Fund
seeks to potentially invest. The Adviser relies on publicly-available and
reported information to evaluate the ESG characteristics of the companies in
which it may invest. Due to the specialized resources necessary to obtain
ESG-related information about individual companies, the Adviser does not
undertake to, and does not, independently test or verify publicly-available and
reported information regarding companies’ ESG characteristics and
metrics.
•Equity
Market Risk. Common
stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile
increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of
their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and
unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic,
monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion
or contraction; and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.
If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you
would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and
debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of
equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from
issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders,
and other creditors of such issuers.
•ETF
Risks.
The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the
following risks:
◦Authorized
Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration
Risk.
The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In
addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity
providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events
occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face
delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process
creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these
services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or
significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step
forward to perform their functions.
◦Costs
of Buying or Selling Shares Risk.
Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage
commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker.
Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant
proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts
of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors also will incur the cost of
the difference between the price at which an investor is
willing
to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to
sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often
referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over
time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally
lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if
Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively
small investor base in the Fund, asset swings in the Fund and/or increased
market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of
buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares
may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not
be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
◦Shares
May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk.
As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at
market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will
approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares
is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day
(discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market
volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of
steep market declines and periods when there is limited trading activity for
Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be
significant. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price
of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the
exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In
times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase
significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount
to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is
falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares.
The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price
discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage
opportunities.
◦Trading
Risk.
Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or
traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can
be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be
maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable.
In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts
caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker”
rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the
S&P 500®
Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g.,
7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading
in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the
market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with
any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the
liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.
•Growth
Investing Risk.
Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since those companies usually
invest a high portion of earnings in their businesses, they may lack the
dividends of value stocks that can cushion stock prices in a falling market. The
prices of growth stocks are based largely on projections of the issuer’s future
earnings and revenues. If a company’s earnings or revenues fall short of
expectations, its stock price may fall dramatically. Growth stocks may be more
expensive relative to their earnings or assets compared to value or other
stocks.
•Industrials
Sector Risk.
The industrials sector includes companies engaged in aerospace and defense,
electrical engineering, machinery, and manufacturing. Companies in the
industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government
regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the
industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product
liability claims and exchange rates. Industrials companies also are subject to
fluctuations in supply and demand for their specific product or service and may
face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments. Companies in
the industrial sector face increased risk from trade agreements between
countries that develop these technologies and countries in which customers of
these technologies are based. Lack of resolution or potential imposition of
trade tariffs may hinder on the companies’ ability to successfully deploy their
inventories.
•Limited
Operating History Risk. The
Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating
history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or
history on which to base their investment decision.
•Management
Risk. The
Fund is actively managed and uses proprietary investment strategies and
processes. There can be no guarantee that the Adviser’s judgments about the
attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular investments and
strategies for the Fund will be correct or produce the desired results, and
there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or
outperform other investment strategies over the short- or long-term market
cycles. If the Adviser fails to accurately evaluate market risk or appropriately
react to current and developing market conditions, the Fund’s share price may be
adversely affected. Securities selected by the Adviser may not perform as
expected. This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other
funds with similar investment objectives.
•Market
Capitalization Risk.
◦Large-Capitalization
Investing.
The
securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared
to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of
economic expansion. Large-capitalization
companies
also may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as
changes in technology and consumer tastes.
◦Mid-Capitalization
Investing.
The
securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse
issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of
large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies
generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more
unpredictable price changes than large capitalization stocks or the stock market
as a whole. Some medium capitalization companies have limited product lines,
markets, financial resources, and management personnel and tend to concentrate
on fewer geographical markets relative to large-capitalization companies.
◦Small-Capitalization
Investing.
The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to
adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of
larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization
companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more
unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock
market as a whole. Some small capitalization companies have limited product
lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate
on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There
is typically less publicly available information concerning
smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.
Small-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in
interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.
•Market
Risk. The
trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a
variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or
specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments,
as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price,
like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in
response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money
over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have
experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of
economic, political and global macro factors, including public health issues,
growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest
rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other
countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases
or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events
could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These
developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility
and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain
securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets,
which could have an adverse effect on the Fund.
The
COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted economies and markets around the
world, including the United States. The pandemic has resulted in a wide range of
social and economic disruptions, including closed borders, voluntary or
compelled quarantines of large populations, stressed healthcare systems, reduced
or prohibited domestic or international travel, supply chain disruptions, and
so-called “stay-at-home” orders throughout much of the United States and many
other countries. Financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and
severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Some sectors
of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large
losses. Such disruptions may continue for an extended period of time or reoccur
in the future to a similar or greater extent. Liquidity for many instruments has
been greatly reduced for periods of time. In response to these disruptions, the
U.S. government and the Federal Reserve have taken extraordinary actions to
support the domestic economy and financial markets. It is unknown how long
circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will
reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial
markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the
pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the
future could adversely affect Fund performance.
•Non-Diversification
Risk.
Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its
assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than
if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the
risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a
lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase
the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of
issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
•Portfolio
Turnover Risk.
Because
the Fund may “turn over” some or all of its options as frequently as monthly,
the Fund may incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups
in the bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying
higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for
shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be
less than you expect. While the turnover of the warrants is not deemed
“portfolio turnover” for accounting purposes, the economic impact to the Fund is
similar to what could occur if the Fund experienced high portfolio turnover
(e.g.,
in excess of 100% per year).
•Robotics
and Automation Companies Risk.
The Fund invests in the equity securities of robotics and automation companies
and, as such, is particularly sensitive to risks affecting robotics and
automation companies. These risks include, but are not limited to, small or
limited markets for such securities, changes in business cycles, world economic
growth, technological progress, rapid obsolescence of products and services, and
government regulation. Securities of robotics and automation
companies,
especially smaller, start-up companies, tend to be more volatile than securities
of companies that do not rely heavily on technology. Rapid change to
technologies that affect a company’s products could have a material adverse
effect on such company’s operating results. Robotics and automation companies
may rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret
laws to establish and protect their proprietary rights in their products and
technologies. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by these companies
to protect their proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent the
misappropriation of their technology or that competitors will not independently
develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to such
companies’ technology.
•Space
Exploration Companies Risk.
The exploration of space by private industry and the harvesting of space assets
is a business based on anticipation of future developments and is witnessing new
entrants into the market. Technological and engineering advances may not be
sufficient, or occur quickly enough, to fulfill current expectations regarding
progress in space exploration and development. Therefore, the Fund’s investments
will be riskier than traditional investments in established industry sectors and
the growth of these companies may be slower and subject to setbacks as new
technological advancements are made to expand into space.
•Technology
Sector Risk.
Market or economic factors impacting technology companies and companies that
rely heavily on technological advances could have a major effect on the value of
the Fund's investments. The value of stocks of technology companies and
companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid
changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government
regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including
competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Technology
companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or
personnel. Stocks of technology companies and companies that rely heavily on
technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be
more volatile than the overall market. Technology companies are heavily
dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of
which may adversely affect profitability. Additionally, companies in the
technology sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth
rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel.
Many
Internet-related companies have incurred large losses since their inception and
may continue to incur large losses in the hope of capturing market share and
generating future revenues. Accordingly, many such companies expect to incur
significant operating losses for the foreseeable future, and may never be
profitable. The markets in which many Internet companies compete face rapidly
evolving industry standards, frequent new service and product announcements,
introductions and enhancements, and changing customer demands. The failure of an
Internet company to adapt to such changes could have a material adverse effect
on the company’s business. Additionally, the widespread adoption of new
Internet, networking, telecommunications technologies, or other technological
changes could require substantial expenditures by an Internet company to modify
or adapt its services or infrastructure, which could have a material adverse
effect on an Internet company’s business.
Competitive
pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of
semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing
capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to
aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user
products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could
adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector.
Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily
dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly
cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies
to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector
have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Software
companies can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive
pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the
application software industry, in particular, also may be negatively affected by
the decline or fluctuation of subscription renewal rates for their products and
services, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the
systems software industry may be adversely affected by, among other things,
actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in their products and services,
which may result in individual or class action lawsuits, state or federal
enforcement actions and other remediation costs.
•Temporary
Defensive Position Risk.
If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may invest all or a large
portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents. If the Fund takes a
temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment
objective.
•Value
Investing Risk.
Because the Fund may utilize a value style of investing, the Fund could suffer
losses or produce poor results relative to other funds, even in a rising market,
if the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s value or prospects for exceeding
earnings expectations or market conditions is incorrect.
PORTFOLIO
HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information
about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at
https://spear-funds.com/index2.php. A complete description of the Fund’s
policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio
holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (the
“SAI”).
MANAGEMENT
Investment
Adviser
Spear
Advisors LLC, a New York limited liability company located at 64 Three Mile
Harbor HC Road, East Hampton, New York 11937, serves as the investment adviser
for the Fund. The Adviser, subject to the general supervision and oversight of
the Board, provides an investment program for the Fund and manages the
day-to-day investment of the Fund’s assets. The Adviser also arranges for
transfer agency, custody, fund administration, distribution and all other
services necessary for the Fund to operate. The Adviser is an SEC-registered
investment adviser. As of the date of this Prospectus, the assets managed by the
Adviser are only those of the Fund.
For
the services it provides to the Fund, the Adviser is entitled to a unified
management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of
0.75% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Pursuant
to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund,
and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser has agreed to pay all
expenses of the Fund except the fee paid to the Adviser under the Advisory
Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends, and other expenses on
securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred
in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment
instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability,
extraordinary expenses, and distribution fees and expenses paid by the Trust
under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
The
basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement is included in the
Fund’s Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal period ended December
31, 2021.
Portfolio
Manager
Ivana
Delevska is the Fund’s Portfolio Manager and is primarily responsible for the
day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.
Ms.
Delevska founded the Adviser in March 2021 after spending 14 years evaluating
industrial and industrial technology investments. She spent four years covering
Multi-Industry companies at Deutsche Bank as a Vice President (2017-2018) and
Gordon Haskett as a Director (2018-2021). Prior to that time, Ms. Delevska spent
10 years as a Senior Analyst on the buy-side at several long/short hedge fund
platforms (Tiger Management, Millennium Management, Citadel Asset Management,
and Davidson Kempner). She started her career at JP Morgan in the Mergers and
Acquisitions Group. Ms. Delevska graduated from the University of Chicago in
2006 with a BA in Economics.
The
Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager’s
compensation structure, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, and the
Portfolio Manager’s ownership of Shares.
Other
Service Providers
Foreside
Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and
distributor of the Fund’s Shares. The Distributor’s principal address is Three
Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor will not
distribute shares in less than whole Creation Units, and it does not maintain a
secondary market in the Shares. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and a member of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The Distributor has no
role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are
purchased or sold by the Fund and is not affiliated with the Adviser or any of
its affiliates.
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services,
located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the
administrator and transfer agent for the Fund.
U.S.
Bank National Association, located at 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian for the Fund.
Morgan,
Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20004, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
Cohen
& Company, Ltd., located at 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, Ohio
44115, serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The
independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the
annual financial statements of the Fund.
HOW
TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
The
Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next
determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares
directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption
directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing
agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has
been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Fund’s
transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units.
Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a
Creation Unit.
Most
investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers.
Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange
and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded
securities.
When
buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage
commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the
bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip
(purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market
transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy
Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book
Entry
Shares
are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued.
The Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of
all outstanding Shares.
Investors
owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its
participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s
participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies,
clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly
maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you
are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have
Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of
Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely
upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same
as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or
“street name” through your brokerage account.
Frequent
Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
The
Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of
Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board
evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases
and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem
Shares directly from the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help
keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates
frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, frequent purchases and
redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs
and lead to the realization of capital gains. The Fund’s fair valuation of its
holdings consistent with the 1940 Act and Rule 2a-5 thereunder and its ability
to impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to
cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades
help to minimize the potential adverse consequences of frequent purchases and
redemptions. In addition, the Fund and the Adviser reserve the right to reject
any purchase order at their discretion.
Determination
of Net Asset Value
The
Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New
York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the
NYSE is open for business. The NAV is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net
assets by its Shares outstanding.
In
calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market
quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing
service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. In particular, the Fund
generally values equity securities at their readily available market quotations.
If such information is not available for a security held by the Fund or is
determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued by the Adviser at fair
value pursuant to procedures established by the Adviser and approved by the
Board (as described below).
Fair
Value Pricing
The
Adviser has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Fund
pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee,
the Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund
securities whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be
unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) a security has
been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) a security’s
primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) a
security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv)
a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of
the security’s primary trading. Generally, when fair valuing a security held by
the Fund, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available
information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not
limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information
relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the security,
general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to
the need to fair value the security. Fair value determinations are made in good
faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the
Adviser. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value
of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s
fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that
subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other
sources. In addition, the Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned
to the security upon the sale of such security.
Investments
by Registered Investment Companies
Section
12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment
companies in the securities of other investment companies. Registered investment
companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in
section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that such
investment companies enter into an agreement with the Fund.
DIVIDENDS,
DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends
and Distributions
The
Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized
capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and
pay capital gain distributions in cash, if any. Distributions in cash may be
reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through
whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is
responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to
you.
Taxes
The
following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax
considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment
in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax adviser
about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible
application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. This summary does not apply
to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not
subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts
may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on
current tax laws, which may change.
The
Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated
investment company (“RIC”). If it meets certain minimum distribution
requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains
from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the
Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements
would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level
taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to
shareholders.
Unless
your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged
account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences
when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the
Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).
Taxes
on Distributions
The
Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net
investment income and net capital gains. For federal income tax purposes,
distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or
qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are
determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them,
rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets
held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital
gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less
generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the
Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net
short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain
dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains,
which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up
to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions
of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income.
Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions
reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to
non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains,
provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend
income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or
certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession
or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In
addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain
foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily
tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be
entitled to a dividends received deduction for the portion of dividends they
receive from the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund
from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. For such dividends to be
taxed as qualified dividend income to a non-corporate shareholder, the Fund must
satisfy certain holding period requirements with respect to the underlying stock
and the non-corporate shareholder must satisfy holding period requirements with
respect to his or her ownership of the Fund’s Shares. Holding periods may be
suspended for these purposes for stock that is hedged.
Shortly
after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and
character of any distributions received from the Fund.
In
general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in
which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be
treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally
taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before
your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased
your Shares).
You
may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other
distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though
it may economically represent a return of a portion of your
investment.
If
you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a
foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by
the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%,
unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of
your Shares from non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S.
taxation, unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically
present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. The Fund may, under certain
circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related
dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be
exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements
are met. Different tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder
engaged in a trade or business within the United States or if a tax treaty
applies.
The
Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder
owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a
percentage of the taxable distributions and sale proceeds paid to any
shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification
number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to
certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.
Taxes
When Shares Are Sold on the Exchange
Provided
that a shareholder holds Shares as capital assets, any capital gain or loss
realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain
or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term
capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any
capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as
long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect
to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent
Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends,
within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the
disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be
limited.
The
cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on
the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other
applicable transactions as required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares
generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale
or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares
to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods
and elections for your account.
Taxes
on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An
AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax
purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain
or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of
the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate
basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the
Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally
recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s
basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the
securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The
Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon
an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under
the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market its
holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic
position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax adviser with
respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be
deductible.
The
Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery
of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may
sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption
proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital
gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied
the redemption in kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it
includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of
Creation Units.
Net
Investment Income Tax
U.S.
individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax
on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest,
dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains
distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax
also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of
certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
Foreign
Investments by the Fund
Interest
and other income received by the Fund with respect to foreign securities may
give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax
conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or
eliminate such taxes. If as of the close of a taxable year more than 50% of the
value of the Fund’s assets consists of certain foreign stock or securities, the
Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass through” to investors the amount of
foreign income and similar taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the Fund
during that taxable year. This means that investors would be considered to have
received as additional income their respective shares of such foreign taxes, but
may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating taxable
income, or,
subject
to certain limitations, a credit in calculating federal income tax. If the Fund
does not so elect, it will be entitled to claim a deduction for certain foreign
taxes incurred by the Fund. The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a
broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) will notify you if it makes
such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect
foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.
The
foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current
federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for
personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund
distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax adviser about the
potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax
laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income
Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
PLAN
The
Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule
12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to
pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain
distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
No
Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose
these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future,
because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase
the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of
sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT
INFORMATION
Information
regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e.,
at a premium) or below (i.e.,
at a discount) the NAV per share is available on the Fund’s website at
https://spear-funds.com/index2.php.
ADDITIONAL
NOTICES
Shares
are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not
responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing,
prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or
calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no
obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the
administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without
limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability
for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages
even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The
Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to
the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of
investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
The
following financial highlights table shows the financial performance information
for the Fund’s five most recent fiscal years (or the life of the Fund, if
shorter). Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of
the Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate that you would have
earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming you reinvested all
distributions). This information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd.,
the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, whose report,
along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s
annual
report,
which is available upon request.
For
a Share Outstanding Throughout the Period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Period
Ended
June
30,
2022(1) |
|
Net
Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
$ |
20.00 |
| |
|
| |
Income
(Loss) from Investment Operations: |
| |
Net
investment income (loss) (2) |
(0.10) |
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
(5.99) |
| |
Total
from investment operations |
(6.09) |
| |
|
| |
Less
Distributions: |
| |
From
net realized gains |
(0.05) |
| |
Total
distributions |
(0.05) |
| |
|
| |
Net
Asset Value, End of Period |
$ |
13.86 |
| |
|
| |
Total
Return, at NAV (3)(4) |
(30.53) |
% |
|
Total
Return, at Market (3)(4) |
(30.58) |
% |
|
|
| |
Supplemental
Data and Ratios: |
| |
Net
assets, end of period (000’s) |
$ |
3,118 |
| |
|
| |
Ratio
of expenses to average net assets |
0.75 |
% |
(5) |
Ratio
of net investment income (loss) to average net assets |
(0.56) |
% |
(5) |
Portfolio
turnover rate (6) |
262 |
% |
(4) |
1The
Fund commenced investment operations on August 3, 2021.
2Per
share net investment income (loss) was calculated using average shares
outstanding.
3Total
return in the table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or
lost on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of
distributions.
4Not
annualized for periods less than one year.
5Annualized
for periods less than one year.
6Excludes
in-kind transactions associated with creations and redemptions of the Fund.
Spear
Alpha ETF
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Adviser |
Spear
Advisors LLC
64
Three Mile Harbor HC Road
East
Hampton, New York 11937 |
Transfer
Agent, Fund Accounting Agent and Administrator |
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
d/b/a
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
615
East Michigan Street
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53202 |
Custodian |
U.S.
Bank National Association
1555
North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53212 |
Distributor |
Foreside
Fund Services, LLC
Three
Canal Plaza, Suite 100
Portland,
Maine 04101 |
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Cohen
& Company, Ltd.
1350
Euclid Avenue, Suite 800
Cleveland,
Ohio 44115 |
Legal
Counsel |
Morgan,
Lewis & Bockius LLP
1111
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington,
DC 20004-2541 |
Investors
may find more information about the Fund in the following
documents:
Statement
of Additional Information: The
Fund’s SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Fund and
certain other additional information. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is
herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered
a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual
Reports: Additional
information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual
and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, when available,
you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies
that significantly affected the Fund’s performance.
You
can obtain free copies of these documents, when available, request other
information or make general inquiries about the Fund by contacting the Fund at
c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53201-0701 or by calling 1-800-617-0004.
Shareholder
reports and other information about the Fund also are available:
•Free
of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov;
•Free
of charge from the Fund’s Internet web site at
https://spear-funds.com/index2.php; or
(SEC
Investment Company Act File No. 811-23226)