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Fund	A	C	R	Y	Investor	Class R5	Class R6	Prospectus Date
Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund	ABRZX	ABRCX	ABRRX	ABRYX	N/A	ABRIX	ALLFX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund	BRCAX	BRCCX	BRCRX	BRCYX	N/A	BRCNX	IBRFX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Core Bond Fund	OPIGX	OPBCX	OPBNX	OPBYX	N/A	TRTMX	OPBIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Developing Markets Fund	ODMAX	ODVCX	ODVNX	ODVYX	N/A	DVMFX	ODVIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund	OEGAX	OEGCX	OEGNX	OEGYX	N/A	DMCFX	OEGIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund	EMIAX	EMVCX	EMIRX	EMIYX	N/A	EMIMX	EMVIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund	OEMAX	OEMCX	OEMNX	OEMYX	N/A	EMLDX	OEMIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund	IEMAX	IEMCX	IEMRX	IEMYX	N/A	IEMIX	EMEFX	February 28, 2023
Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund	GTDDX	GTDCX	N/A	GTDYX	N/A	GTDIX	GTDFX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund	QVOPX	QOPCX	QOPNX	QOPYX	N/A	FDATX	QOPIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Global Allocation Fund	QVGIX	QGRCX	QGRNX	QGRYX	N/A	GLALX	QGRIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund	GIZAX	GIZCX	GIZRX	GIZYX	N/A	GIZFX	GIZSX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund	OPSIX	OSICX	OSINX	OSIYX	N/A	GLSSX	OSIIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Greater China Fund	AACFX	CACFX	IGCRX	AMCYX	N/A	IACFX	CACSX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Health Care Fund	GGHCX	GTHCX	N/A	GGHYX	GTHIX	N/A	GGHSX	February 28, 2023
Invesco International Bond Fund	OIBAX	OIBCX	OIBNX	OIBYX	N/A	INBQX	OIBIX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund	GMSDX	GMSEX	GMSJX	GMSHX	N/A	GMSKX	GMSLX	February 28, 2023
Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund	PIAFX	PICFX	PIRFX	PIYFX	N/A	IPNFX	PIFFX	February 28, 2023
Invesco World Bond Factor Fund	AUBAX	AUBCX	N/A	AUBYX	N/A	AUBIX	AUBFX	February 28, 2023

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST

Fund History

AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds) (the Trust) is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as an open-end series management investment company. The Trust was originally organized as a Maryland corporation on October 29, 1987 and re-organized as a Delaware statutory trust on May 7, 1998. Under the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended (the Trust Agreement), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) is authorized to create new series of shares without the necessity of a vote of shareholders of the Trust.

Prior to April 30, 2010, the Trust was known as AIM Investment Funds.

The following table shows each Fund’s current name and Fund history:

Fund Name	Fund History
Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund	Prior to April 30, 2010, Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund was known as Invesco AIM Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund.

Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund	No prior history.

Invesco Core Bond Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Core Bond Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Total Return Bond Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Total Return Bond Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Total Return Bond Fund.

Invesco Developing Markets Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Developing Markets Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund.

Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund.

Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Innovators Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Innovators Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Innovators Fund.

Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund.

Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund	Prior to November 1, 2018, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund was known as Invesco Emerging Markets Equity Fund.

Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund	Prior to February 28, 2022, Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund was known as Invesco Emerging Markets All Cap Fund. Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Emerging Markets All Cap Fund was known as Invesco Developing Markets Fund. Prior to April 30, 2010, Invesco Developing Markets Fund was known as AIM Developing Markets Fund.

Fund Name	Fund History
Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Fundamental Alternatives Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Fundamental Alternatives Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Fundamental Alternatives Fund.

Invesco Global Allocation Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Global Allocation Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Global Allocation Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Global Allocation Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Global Allocation Fund.

Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund	No prior history.

Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer Global Strategic Income Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer Global Strategic Income Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer Global Strategic Income Fund.

Invesco Greater China Fund	Prior to June 15, 2015, Invesco Greater China Fund was known as Invesco China Fund. Prior to April 30, 2010, Invesco China Fund was known as AIM China Fund. On April 23, 2021, Invesco Greater China Fund acquired the assets and liabilities of Invesco Pacific Growth Fund.

Invesco Health Care Fund	Prior to April 30, 2018, Invesco Health Care Fund was known as Invesco Global Health Care Fund. Prior to April 30, 2010, Invesco Global Health Care Fund was known as AIM Global Health Care Fund.

Invesco International Bond Fund*	Prior to September 30, 2020, Invesco International Bond Fund was known as Invesco Oppenheimer International Bond Fund. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Oppenheimer International Bond Fund assumed the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund Oppenheimer International Bond Fund.

Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund	Prior to July 27, 2016, Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund was known as Invesco Global Markets Strategy Fund.

Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund	Prior to July 27, 2016, Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund was known as Invesco Premium Income Fund.

Invesco World Bond Factor Fund	Prior to February 28, 2020, Invesco World Bond Factor Fund was known as Invesco World Bond Fund. Prior to December 1, 2016, Invesco World Bond Fund was known as Invesco International Total Return Fund.

* All historical financial information and other information contained in this Statement of Additional Information (SAI) relating to the Fund (or any classes thereof) for periods ending on or prior to May 24, 2019 is that of its predecessor fund (or the corresponding classes thereof).

Shares of Beneficial Interest

Shares of beneficial interest of the Trust are redeemable at their net asset value at the option of the shareholder or at the option of the Trust, in accordance with any applicable provisions of the Trust Agreement and applicable law, subject in certain circumstances to a contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.

The Trust allocates cash and property it receives from the issue or sale of shares, together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, to the appropriate Fund, as applicable, subject only to the rights of creditors of that Fund. These assets constitute the assets belonging to each Fund, are segregated on the Trust’s books, and are charged with the liabilities and expenses of such Fund and its respective classes. The Trust allocates any general liabilities and

expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular Fund primarily on the basis of relative net assets or other relevant factors, subject to oversight by the Board.

Each share of each Fund represents an equal pro rata interest in that Fund with each other share and is entitled to dividends and other distributions with respect to the Fund, which may be from income, capital gains, capital or distributions in kind, as declared by the Board.

Each class of shares of a Fund represents a proportionate undivided interest in the net assets belonging to that Fund. Differing sales charges and expenses will result in differing net asset values and dividends and distributions. Upon any liquidation of the Trust, shareholders of each class are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to the applicable Fund allocable to such class available for distribution after satisfaction of, or reasonable provision for, the outstanding liabilities of the Fund allocable to such class.

The Trust Agreement provides that each shareholder, by virtue of having become a shareholder of the Trust, is bound by terms of the Trust Agreement and the Trust’s Bylaws. Ownership of shares does not make shareholders third party beneficiaries of any contract entered into by the Trust.

The Trust is not required to hold annual or regular meetings of shareholders. Meetings of shareholders of a Fund or class will be held for any purpose determined by the Board, including from time to time to consider matters requiring a vote of such shareholders in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, state law or the provisions of the Trust Agreement. It is not expected that shareholder meetings will be held annually.

The Trust Agreement provides that the Board may authorize (i) a merger, consolidation or sale of assets (including, but not limited to, mergers, consolidations or sales of assets between two Funds, or between a Fund and a series of any other registered investment company), and (ii) the combination of two or more classes of shares of a Fund into a single class, each without shareholder approval but subject to applicable requirements under the 1940 Act and state law.

Each share of a Fund generally has the same voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights; however, each class of shares of a Fund is subject to different sales loads, conversion features, exchange privileges and class-specific expenses, as applicable.

Except as specifically noted above, shareholders of each Fund are entitled to one vote per share (with proportionate voting for fractional shares), irrespective of the relative net asset value of the shares of the Fund. However, on matters affecting an individual Fund or class of shares, a separate vote of shareholders of that Fund or class is required. Shareholders of a Fund or class are not entitled to vote on any matter which does not affect that Fund or class but that requires a separate vote of another Fund or class. An example of a matter that would be voted on separately by shareholders of each Fund is the approval of the advisory agreement with Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the Adviser or Invesco).

When issued, shares of each Fund are fully paid and nonassessable, have no preemptive or subscription rights, and are freely transferable. Shares do not have cumulative voting rights in connection with the election of Trustees or on any other matter.

Under Delaware law, shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust shall be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of private for-profit corporations organized under Delaware law. There is a remote possibility, however, that shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held liable for the obligations of the Trust to the extent the courts of another state, which does not recognize such limited liability, were to apply the laws of such state to a controversy involving such obligations. The Trust Agreement disclaims shareholder personal liability for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses of the Trust and requires that every undertaking of the Trust or the Board relating to the Trust or any Fund include a recitation limiting such obligation to the Trust and its assets or to one or more of the Funds and the assets belonging thereto. The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification out of the property of a Fund (or class, as applicable) for all losses and expenses of any shareholder of such Fund held personally liable solely on account of being or having been a shareholder.

The trustees and officers of the Trust will not be liable for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any trustee or officer; however, a trustee or officer is not protected against any liability to the Trust or to the

shareholders to which a trustee or officer would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office with the Trust or applicable Fund (Disabling Conduct). The Trust’s Bylaws generally provide for indemnification by the Trust of the trustees, officers and employees or agents of the Trust, provided that such persons have not engaged in Disabling Conduct. Indemnification does not extend to judgments or amounts paid in settlement in any actions by or in the right of the Trust. The Trust Agreement also authorizes the purchase of liability insurance on behalf of trustees and officers with Fund assets. The Trust’s Bylaws provide for the advancement of payments of expenses to current and former trustees, officers and employees or agents of the Trust, or anyone serving at their request, in connection with the preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding, for which such person would be entitled to indemnification; provided that any advancement of expenses would be reimbursed unless it is ultimately determined that such person is entitled to indemnification for such expenses.

The Trust Agreement provides that any Trustee who serves as chair of the Board, a member or chair of a committee of the Board, lead independent Trustee, or an expert on any topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or in any other special appointment will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

The Trust Agreement provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by shareholders. A shareholder may only bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust if certain conditions are met. Among other things, such conditions: (i) require shareholder(s) to make a pre-suit demand on the Trustees (unless such effort is not likely to succeed because a majority of the Board or the committee established to consider the merits of such action are not independent Trustees under Delaware law); (ii) require 10% of the beneficial owners to join in the pre-suit demand, or if a pre-suit demand is not required, require 10% of beneficial owners to join in the demand for the Board to commence such action; and (iii) afford the Trustees a reasonable amount of time to consider the request and investigate the basis of the claims (including designating a committee to consider the demand and hiring counsel or other advisers). These conditions generally are intended to provide the Trustees with the ability to pursue a claim if they believe doing so would be in the best interests of the Trust and its shareholders and to preclude the pursuit of claims that the Trustees determine to be without merit or otherwise not in the Trust’s best interest to pursue. Insofar as the federal securities laws supersede state law, these provisions do not apply to shareholder derivative claims that arise under the federal securities laws.

The Trust Agreement also generally requires that actions by shareholders in connection with or against the Trust or a Fund be brought only in certain Delaware courts, provided that actions arising under the U.S. federal securities laws are required to be brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and that the right to jury trial be waived to the fullest extent permitted by law. These provisions may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing a shareholder derivative claim and/or may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum.

Share Certificates

Shareholders of the Funds do not have the right to demand or require the Trust to issue share certificates and share certificates are not issued. Any certificate previously issued with respect to any shares is deemed to be cancelled without any requirement for surrender to the Trust.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS AND THEIR INVESTMENTS AND RISKS

Classification

The Trust is an open-end management investment company. The following Funds are classified as “diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act: Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Core Bond Fund, Invesco Developing Markets Fund, Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund, Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund, Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund, Invesco Global Allocation Fund, Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund, Invesco Greater China Fund, Invesco Health Care Fund, Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy

Fund, Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund and Invesco World Bond Factor Fund. Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund and Invesco International Bond Fund are classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means the Funds can invest a greater percentage of their assets in a small number of issuers or any one issuer than a diversified fund can.

Investment Strategies and Risks

Set forth below are detailed descriptions of the various types of securities and investment techniques that Invesco and/or the Sub-Advisers (as defined herein) may use in managing the Funds, as well as the risks associated with those types of securities and investment techniques. The descriptions of the types of securities and investment techniques below supplement the discussion of principal investment strategies and risks contained in each Fund's Prospectus. Where a particular type of security or investment technique is not discussed in a Fund's Prospectus, that security or investment technique is not a principal investment strategy.

A Fund may invest in all of the following types of investments (unless otherwise indicated). A Fund might not invest in all of these types of securities or use all of these techniques at any one time. Invesco and/or the Sub-Advisers may invest in other types of securities and may use other investment techniques in managing the Funds, including those described below for Funds not specifically mentioned as investing in the security or using the investment technique, as well as securities and techniques not described. A Fund's transactions in a particular type of security or use of a particular technique is subject to limitations imposed by a Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions described in that Fund's Prospectus and/or this SAI, as well as the federal securities laws.

Any percentage limitations relating to the composition of a Fund’s portfolio identified in a Fund’s Prospectus or this SAI apply at the time the Fund acquires an investment. Subsequent changes that result from market fluctuations generally will not require a Fund to sell any portfolio security. However, a Fund may sell its illiquid investments holdings, or reduce its borrowings, if any, in response to fluctuations in the value of such holdings.

Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund and Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund will seek to gain exposure to the commodity market primarily through investments in the Invesco Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd., Invesco Cayman Commodity Fund III Ltd. and Invesco Cayman Commodity Fund V Ltd., respectively, wholly owned subsidiaries of Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund and Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund, respectively, organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the Subsidiaries). Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in its respective Subsidiaries.

Invesco Global Allocation Fund and Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund will seek to gain exposure to commodity-linked derivatives (including commodity futures, financial futures, options and swap contracts) and exchange-traded funds and other exchange-traded products related to gold or other special minerals (“Gold ETFs”) through investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Funds organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the Subsidiaries). The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in their respective Subsidiary.

Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund and Invesco International Bond Fund will seek to gain exposure to Regulation S securities through investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Funds organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the Subsidiaries). The Funds may each invest up to 25% of their total assets in their respective Subsidiary.

Incidental to their other investment activities and unless otherwise indicated in a Fund’s prospectus, Funds that have a principal investment strategy of primarily investing in fixed income securities, may acquire equity securities (including common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants and rights) or other investments that the Fund ordinarily would not purchase, in connection with a bankruptcy, restructuring, workout or other extraordinary event concerning a particular portfolio investment. To the extent a Fund

acquires equity securities or investments as described above, it may also purchase additional equity securities or investments of those issuers.

The Funds' investment objectives, policies, strategies and practices described below are non-fundamental and may be changed without approval of the holders of the Funds’ voting securities, unless otherwise indicated.

Senior Loans and Other Loans. Among other debt securities described elsewhere in this SAI, the Fund may invest in loans, and in particular, in floating rate loans (sometimes referred to as “adjustable” rate loans that hold (or in the judgment of the Adviser, hold) a senior position in the capital structure of U.S. and foreign corporations, parternerships or other business entities that, under normal circumstances, allow them to have priority of claim ahead of (or at least as high as) other obligations of a borrower in the event liquidation. These investments are referred to as “Senior Loans” in this SAI. Loans typically are arranged through private negotiations between a borrower and one or more financial institutions (Lenders). Usually the Lenders are represented by an agent (Agent), which usually is one of the Lenders. The borrowers may use the proceeds of loans to finance leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, debt refinancings, or for other purposes.

Senior loans typically have higher recoveries than other debt obligations that rank lower in the priority of payments for a particular debtor, because in most instances they take preference over those subordinated debt obligations, with respect to payment of interest and principal, and over stock. However, the Fund is still subject to the risk that the borrower under a loan will default on scheduled interest or principal payments and that the assets of the borrower to which the Fund has recourse will be insufficient to satisfy in full the payment obligations that the borrower has to the Fund. The risk of default will increase in the event of an economic downturn or, in the case of a floating rate loan, a substantial increase in interest rates (because the cost of the borrower’s debt service will increase as the interest rate on its loan is upwardly adjusted). The Fund may own a debt obligation of a borrower that becomes, or is about to become, insolvent. The Fund can also purchase debt obligations that are extended to a bankrupt entity (so called debtor-in-possession or ‘DIP’ financing) or debt obligations that are issued in connection with a restructuring of the borrower under bankruptcy laws.

Agents typically are commercial or investment banks that originate loans and invite other parties to join the lending syndicate. In larger transactions, it is common to have several Agents. However, only one Agent usually has primary responsibility for documentation and administration of the loan. Agents are normally paid fees by the borrower for their services. While a Fund can serve as the Agent or co-agent for a loan, a Fund currently does not intend to act as an Agent or co-Agent. Agents, acting on behalf of the Lenders, generally are primarily responsible for negotiating the loan agreement, which establishes the terms and conditions of the loan and the rights of the borrower and the Lenders. A Fund will rely on Agents to collect payments of principal and interest on a loan. A Fund also will rely in part on Agents to monitor compliance by the borrower with the restrictive covenants in the loan agreement and to notify a Fund (or the Lender from whom a Fund has purchased a participation) of any adverse change in the borrower’s financial condition.

Loans may be secured or unsecured. Where a loan is secured, Agents usually monitor the adequacy of assets that collateralize loans. In reliance upon the opinions of their legal counsel, Agents generally are also responsible for determining that the Lenders have obtained a perfected security interest in the collateral securing loans, if any.

Financial difficulties of Agents can pose a risk to a Fund. If an Agent for a particular loan becomes insolvent, a Fund could incur losses in connection with its investment in that loan. An Agent could declare bankruptcy, and a regulatory authority could appoint a receiver or conservator. Should this occur, the assets that the Agent holds under the loan agreement, if any, should continue to be available to the Lenders, including a Fund. A regulator or a court, however, might determine that any such assets are subject to the claims of the Agent’s general or secured creditors. If that occurs, a Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing final payment on a loan, or a Fund might suffer a loss of principal or interest. A Fund may be subject to similar risks when it buys a participation interest in a loan. Most participations purchased by a Fund are structured to be “true sales” of the underlying loan, in which case the loan should not be included in the

bankruptcy estate of the participation seller. However, a court might determine that the participation was not in fact a “true sale”, in which case a Fund would be a general unsecured creditor of the participation seller.

In certain circumstances, loans may not be deemed to be securities, and in the event of fraud or misrepresentation by a borrower or an arranger, lenders will not have the protection of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws, as would be the case for bonds or stocks. Instead, in such cases, lenders generally rely on the contractual provisions in the loan agreement itself, and common-law fraud protections under applicable state law.

How a Fund Invests in Loans. A Fund may invest in loans in one or more of three ways: a Fund may invest directly in a loan by acting as an original Lender; a Fund may invest directly in a loan by purchasing a loan by an assignment (an “Assignment”) from the Agent or other Lender; or a Fund may invest indirectly in a loan by purchasing a participation interest in a loan (Participation Interest) from an Agent or other Lender. A Fund may also gain exposure to loans indirectly using certain derivative instruments, which is discussed elsewhere in this SAI.

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Original Lender. A Fund can invest in loans, generally “at par” (a price for the loan equal approximately to 100% of a funded principal amount of the loan, minus any original issue discount) as an original lender. When a Fund is an original lender, it is entitled to receive a return at the full interest rate for the loan. When a Fund is an original lender, it will have a direct contractual relationship with the borrower and will have direct recourse against the borrower in the event the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal or interest.

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Assignments. A Fund may also purchase a loan by assignment. When a Fund purchases a loan by assignment, it typically succeeds to whatever rights and obligations the assigning lender had under the loan agreement and becomes a “lender” under the loan agreement, entitled to the same rights (including, but not limited to, enforcement or set-off rights) that are available to lenders generally.

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Participation Interests. These investments represent an undivided, indirect interest in a loan obligation of a borrower. They are typically purchased from banks or dealers that have made the loan, or are members of the loan syndicate. The participation seller remains as lender of record, and continues to face the borrower, the agent, and the other parties to the loan agreement, while a Fund generally acquires beneficial ownership of the loan. Participation interests are subject to the ongoing counterparty risk of the participation seller (and, in certain circumstances, such seller’s credit risk) as well as the credit risk of the borrower.

While a Fund expects to have access to financial and other information regarding the borrower that has been made available to the lenders under a loan, it may not have such information in connection with participation interests and certain loan assignments. Additionally, the amount of public information available with respect to loans generally will be less extensive than what is available for exchange-listed or otherwise registered securities.

Participation interests involve risks for a Fund. Participation interests are primarily dependent upon the creditworthiness of the borrower, which is obligated to make payments of principal and interest on the loan. In buying a participation interest, however, a Fund assumes both the credit risk of the borrower and the counterparty risk of the Lender selling the participation interest. As with an assignment or a loan originated by a Fund, there is a risk that a borrower may have difficulty making payments. If a borrower fails to pay scheduled interest or principal payments, a Fund’s income may be reduced and the value of the investment in the participation interest might also decline. Further, the seller of the participation interest will have no obligation to a Fund other than to pay a Fund the proportionate amount of the principal and interest payments it receives from the borrower. In addition, if the seller of the participation interest fails to perform its obligations, purchasers might incur costs and delays in realizing payment and suffer a loss of principal and/or interest, including in cases where the borrower may have performed its obligation to the Lender that issued the participation (e.g., if the participation seller fails to pass along to a Fund payments received from the borrower). Although most participation interests purchased by a Fund are structured to cause a Fund to become beneficial owner of the relevant loans, and therefore avoid this outcome, if a Lender that sells a Fund

a participation interest becomes insolvent, a Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender. As a general creditor, a Fund will have to share the proceeds of the loan with any other creditors of the Lender. A Fund will acquire a participation interest only if the investment adviser determines that the Lender (or other intermediary Participant) selling the participation interest is creditworthy.

A Fund’s rights under a participation interest with respect to a particular loan may be more limited than the rights of original Lenders or of investors who acquire an assignment of that loan. A Fund has the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the participation interest and only when the Lender receives the payments from the borrower. In purchasing participation interests, a Fund will usually have a contractual relationship only with the selling institution and not the underlying borrower. A Fund generally will have no right directly to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the related loan agreement, nor will a Fund necessarily have the right to object to certain changes to the loan agreement agreed to by the selling institution. If a Fund buys a participation interest in a loan, a Fund may be subject to any rights of set-off the borrower has against the selling institution (although recourse to the selling institution may be available in the event of any such set-off). In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower, the obligation of the borrower to repay the loan may be subject to certain defenses that can be asserted by the borrower as a result of any improper conduct of the Lender selling the participation (although recourse to the Lender may be available). As a result, a Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that exist when a Fund is an original Lender or assignee, and therefore a participation may be relatively illiquid as compared to a direct investment in a loan because of a smaller universe of investors who are willing to assume these additional risks present in a participation.

Fees. A Fund may be required to pay and may receive various fees and commissions in connection with purchasing, selling and holding interests in loans. Borrowers typically pay three kinds of fees to Lenders: facility fees (which may be structured as original issue discount) when a loan is originated; commitment fees on an ongoing basis based on the unused portion of a loan commitment; and prepayment penalties when a borrower prepays a loan.

A Fund receives these fees directly from the borrower if a Fund is an original Lender or, in the case of commitment fees and prepayment penalties, if a Fund acquires an assignment. Whether a Fund receives a facility fee in the case of an assignment or participation interest depends on negotiations between a Fund and the Lender selling the interests.

When a Fund buys an assignment or a participation, it may be required to pay a fee, or cede a portion of the interest and fees that accrued prior to settlement of the assignment, to the lender selling the assignment or the participant. Occasionally, the selling lender pays a fee to the assignee or the participant. If a Fund assigns a loan or sells a participation, it may be required to pass along to a buyer a portion of any interest and fees that a Fund would otherwise be entitled to. In addition, in the case of an assignment, a Fund may be required to pay a transfer fee to the lending agent. If a Fund sells a participation Interest, a Fund may be required to pay a transfer fee to the Lender that holds the nominal interest in the loan.

Highly Leveraged Transactions and Insolvent Borrowers. A Fund can invest in loans made in connection with highly leveraged transactions. These transactions may include operating loans, leveraged buyout loans, leveraged capitalization loans and other types of acquisition financing. Those loans are subject to greater credit risks than other loans. Highly leveraged loans and loans in default also may be less liquid than other loans. If a Fund voluntarily or involuntarily sold those types of loans, it might not receive the full value it expected.

A Fund can also invest in loans of borrowers that are experiencing, or are likely to experience, financial difficulty. In addition, a Fund can invest in loans of borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection or that have had involuntary bankruptcy petitions filed against them by creditors. Various laws enacted for the protection of debtors may apply to loans. A bankruptcy proceeding against a borrower could delay or limit the ability of a Fund to collect the principal and interest payments on that borrower’s loans. If a lawsuit is brought by creditors of a borrower under a loan, a court or a trustee in bankruptcy could take certain actions that would be adverse to a Fund. For example:

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Other creditors might convince the court to set aside a loan or the collateralization of the loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” or “preferential transfer.” In that event, the court could recover from a Fund the interest and principal payments that the borrower made before becoming insolvent. There can be no assurance that a Fund would be able to prevent that recapture.

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A bankruptcy court may restructure the payment obligations under the loan so as to reduce the amount to which a Fund would be entitled.

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The court might discharge the amount of the loan that exceeds the value of the collateral or assets to which the lenders have recourse.

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The court could subordinate a Fund’s rights to the rights of other creditors of the borrower under applicable law.

Borrower Covenants and Lender Rights. Loan agreements generally have contractual terms designed to protect Lenders. Loan agreements often include restrictive covenants that limit the activities of the borrower. A restrictive covenant is a promise by the borrower not to take certain actions that might impair the rights of Lenders. Those covenants typically require the scheduled payment of interest and principal and may include restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to the borrower’s shareholders, provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific financial ratios or relationships and limits on the borrower’s total debt. In addition, a covenant may require the borrower to prepay the loan or debt obligation with any excess cash flow, proceeds of asset sales or casualty insurance, or other available cash. Excess cash flow generally includes net cash flow after scheduled debt service payments and permitted capital expenditures, among other things, as well as the proceeds from asset dispositions or sales of securities. A breach of a covenant (after the expiration of any cure period) in a loan agreement that is not waived by the Agent and the Lenders normally is an event of default, permitting acceleration of the loan. This means that the Agent has the right to demand immediate repayment in full of the outstanding loan. If a loan is not paid when due, or if upon acceleration of a loan, the borrower fails to repay principal and accrued (but unpaid) interest in full, this failure may result in a reduction in value of the loan (and possibly a Fund’s net asset value).

Lenders typically have certain voting and consent rights under a loan agreement. Action subject to a Lender vote or consent generally requires the vote or consent of the holders of some specified percentage of the outstanding principal amount of a loan. Certain decisions, such as reducing the amount or increasing the time for payment of interest on or repayment of principal of a loan, or releasing collateral for the loan, frequently requires the unanimous vote or consent of all Lenders affected.

If a Fund is not a direct lender under the loan because it has invested via a participation, derivative or other indirect means, a Fund may not be entitled to exercise some or all of the Lender rights described in this section.

Delayed Draw Loans. There may be obligations under a loan agreement to make disbursements of loans after the initial disbursement in certain circumstances, for example if the loan was partially “unfunded” at the time the Fund invested or if there otherwise is an ongoing commitment from the lenders to disburse further loans. The Fund will not purchase a loan that would require the Fund to make additional loans unless it reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such loan agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitments, in each case as they come due.

Delayed Settlement. Compared to securities and to certain other types of financial assets, purchases and sales of loans, including via participation, take relatively longer to settle. This is partly due to the nature of loans, which require a written assignment agreement and various ancillary documents for each transfer, and frequently require discretionary consents from both the borrower and the administrative agent. In addition, dealers frequently insist on matching their purchases and sales, which can lead to delays in a Fund’s settlement of a purchase or sale in circumstances where the dealer’s corresponding transaction with another party is delayed. Dealers will also sometimes sell loans short, and hold their trades open for an indefinite period while waiting for a price movement or looking for inventory to purchase.

This extended settlement process can (i) increase the counterparty credit risk borne by a Fund; (ii) leave a Fund unable to timely vote, or otherwise act with respect to, loans it has agreed to purchase; (iii) delay a Fund from realizing the proceeds of a sale of a loan; (iv) inhibit a Fund’s ability to re-sell a loan that it has agreed to purchase if conditions change (leaving a Fund more exposed to price fluctuations); (v) prevent a Fund from timely collecting principal and interest payments; and (vi) expose a Fund to adverse tax or regulatory consequences.

The Loan Syndications and Trading Association (the “LSTA”) has promulgated a “delay compensation” provision in its standard loan documentation that mitigates the direct risk of permanently losing interest payments as a result of delayed settlement by causing interest to begin to accrue for the buyer’s account after the seventh business day following the trade date (for distressed trades, the twentieth business day). However, this does not mitigate the other risks of delayed settlement. In addition, the mechanism itself can result in opportunistic behavior: A seller, having locked in its trade, might delay closing for seven business days in order to maximize its interest collections, even if it could have closed earlier, while a buyer may no longer feel any pressure to close at all, since interest is accruing for its benefit, and may choose to use its cash elsewhere. The LSTA has further attempted to put an outer limit on long, unjustified settlement delays by promulgating “buy-in/sell-out” provisions that allow a party to enter into a “cover” trade if the other party refuses to close. However, these provisions are complicated, time-consuming, and little-used, and are in any event not triggered until the fifteenth business day after the trade date (for distressed trades, the fiftieth business day). To the extent the extended loan settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, such as the need to satisfy redemption requests, a Fund may hold cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks or other lenders.

Equity Investments

Each Fund may invest in all of the following types of equity investments:

Common Stock. Common stock is issued by a company principally to raise cash for business purposes and represents an equity or ownership interest in the issuing company. Common stockholders are typically entitled to vote on important matters of the issuing company, including the selection of directors, and may receive dividends on their holdings. A Fund participates in the success or failure of any company in which it holds common stock. In the event a company is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of bondholders, other debt holders, owners of preferred stock and general creditors take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

The prices of common stocks change in response to many factors including the historical and prospective earnings of the issuing company, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

Invesco Developing Markets Fund and Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund have no limit on the amount of their respective net assets that may be invested in small, unseasoned companies.

Over-the-Counter Securities. Securities of small- and mid-capitalization issuers may be traded on securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. The over-the-counter markets, both in the U.S. and abroad, may have less liquidity than securities exchanges. That lack of liquidity can affect the price the Fund is able to obtain when it wants to sell a security, because if there are fewer buyers and less demand for a particular security, the Fund might not be able to sell it at an acceptable price or might have to reduce the price in writing in order to dispose of the security. There are a number of over-the-counter markets in the U.S., as well as those abroad, as long as a dealer is willing to make a market in a particular security.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often offers a specified dividend rate payable from a company’s earnings. Preferred stock also generally has a preference over common stock on the distribution of a company’s assets in the event the company is liquidated or declares bankruptcy; however, the rights of preferred stockholders on the distribution of a company’s assets in the event of a liquidation or

bankruptcy are generally subordinate to the rights of the company’s debt holders and general creditors. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline.

Some fixed rate preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions which provide for the stock to be retired or redeemed on a predetermined schedule, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, which can limit the benefit of any decline in interest rates that might positively affect the price of preferred stocks. Preferred stock dividends may be “cumulative,” requiring all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends are paid on the issuer’s common stock. Preferred stock may be “participating,” which means that it may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. In some cases an issuer may offer auction rate preferred stock, which means that the interest to be paid is set by auction and will often be reset at stated intervals.

Small- and Mid-Capitalization Companies. Small-capitalization (small-cap) companies may be either established or newer companies, including “unseasoned” companies that have typically been in operation for less than three years. Mid-capitalization (mid-cap) companies are generally companies that have completed their initial start-up cycle, and in many cases have established markets and developed seasoned market teams. While smaller companies might offer greater opportunities for gain than larger companies, they also involve greater risk of loss. They may be more sensitive to changes in a company’s earnings expectations and may experience more abrupt and erratic price movements. Small- and mid-cap companies’ securities often trade in lower volumes and in many instances, are traded over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, where the frequency and volume of trading is substantially less than is typical for securities of larger companies traded on national securities exchanges. Therefore, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to wider price fluctuations and it might be harder for the Fund to dispose of its holdings at an acceptable price when it wants to sell them. Small- and mid-cap companies may not have established markets for their products or services and may have fewer customers and product lines. They may have more limited access to financial resources and may not have the financial strength to sustain them through business downturns or adverse market conditions. Since small- and mid-cap companies typically reinvest a high proportion of their earnings in their business, they may not pay dividends for some time, particularly if they are newer companies. Small- and mid-cap companies may have unseasoned management or less depth in management skill than larger, more established companies. They may be more reliant on the efforts of particular members of their management team and management changes may pose a greater risk to the success of the business. Securities of small, unseasoned companies may be particularly volatile, especially in the short-term, and may have very limited liquidity in a declining market. It may take a substantial period of time to realize a gain on an investment in a small- or mid-cap company, if any gain is realized at all.

When the Fund invests in smaller company securities that might trade infrequently, investors might seek to trade Fund shares based on their knowledge or understanding of the value of those securities (this is sometimes referred to as “price arbitrage”). If such price arbitrage were successful, it might interfere with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio and the Fund may be required to sell securities at disadvantageous times or prices to satisfy the liquidity requirements created by that activity. Successful price arbitrage might also dilute the value of fund shares held by other shareholders.

Equity-Linked Securities. Equity-linked securities are instruments whose value is based upon the value of one or more underlying equity securities, a reference rate or an index. Equity-linked securities come in many forms and may include features, among others, such as the following: (i) may be issued by the issuer of the underlying equity security or by a company other than the one to which the instrument is linked (usually an investment bank), (ii) may convert into equity securities, such as common stock, within a stated period from the issue date or may be redeemed for cash or some combination of cash and the linked security at a value based upon the value of the underlying equity security within a stated period from the issue date, (iii) may have various conversion features prior to maturity at the option of the holder or the issuer or both, (iv) may limit the appreciation value with caps or collars of the value of the underlying equity security and (v) may have fixed, variable or no interest payments during the life of the security which reflect the actual or a structured return relative to the underlying dividends of the linked equity security. Investments in equity-linked securities may subject a Fund to additional risks not ordinarily associated with investments in other equity securities.

Because equity-linked securities are sometimes issued by a third party other than the issuer of the linked security, a Fund is subject to risks if the underlying equity security, reference rate or index underperforms or if the issuer defaults on the payment of the dividend or the common stock at maturity. In addition, the trading market for particular equity-linked securities may be less liquid, making it difficult for a Fund to dispose of a particular security when necessary and reduced liquidity in the secondary market for any such securities may make it more difficult to obtain market quotations for valuing the Fund’s portfolio.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are generally bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities or investments that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). A convertible security is designed to provide current income and also the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. A convertible security may be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities.

A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt obligations and are designed to provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. However, there can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Moreover, convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or not rated because they fall below debt obligations and just above common stock in order of preference or priority on an issuer’s balance sheet. To the extent that a Fund invests in convertible securities with credit ratings below investment grade, such securities may have a higher likelihood of default, although this may be somewhat offset by the convertibility feature.

Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. The common stock underlying convertible securities may be issued by a different entity than the issuer of the convertible securities.

The value of convertible securities is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield) is sometimes referred to as its “investment value.” The investment value of the convertible security typically will fluctuate based on the credit quality of the issuer and will fluctuate inversely with changes in prevailing interest rates. However, at the same time, the convertible security will be influenced by its “conversion value,” which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained if the convertible security were converted. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying common stock, and will therefore be subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and general market and economic conditions. Depending upon the relationship of the conversion price to the market value of the underlying security, a convertible security may trade more like an equity security than a debt instrument.

If, because of a low price of the common stock, the conversion value is substantially below the investment value of the convertible security, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. Generally, if the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will be principally influenced by its conversion value. A

convertible security will sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.

While a Fund uses the same criteria to rate a convertible debt security that it uses to rate a more conventional debt security, a convertible preferred stock is treated like a preferred stock for the Fund’s financial reporting, credit rating and investment limitation purposes.

Contingent Convertible Securities (CoCos). CoCos (also referred to as contingent capital securities) are a form of hybrid fixed income security typically issued by non-U.S. banks that may either convert into common stock of the issuer or undergo a principal write-down by a predetermined percentage upon the occurrence of a “trigger” event, such as if (a) the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified level or (b) certain regulatory events, such as a change in regulatory capital requirements, affect the issuer’s continued viability. Unlike traditional convertible securities, the conversion is not voluntary and the equity conversion or principal write-down features are tailored to the issuing banking institution and its regulatory requirements.

CoCos are subject to credit, interest rate and market risks associated with fixed income and equity securities generally, along with risks typically applicable to convertible securities. CoCos are also subject to loss absorption risk because coupon payments can potentially be cancelled or deferred at the issuer’s discretion or at the request of the relevant regulatory authority in order to help the bank absorb losses. Additionally, certain call provisions permit an issuer to repurchase CoCos if the regulatory environment or tax treatment of the security (e.g., tax deductibility of interest payments) changes. This may result in a potential loss to the Fund if the price at which the issuer calls or repurchases the CoCos is lower than the initial purchase price by the Fund.

CoCos are subordinate in rank to traditional convertible securities and other debt obligations of an issuer in the issuer’s capital structure, and therefore, CoCos entail more risk than an issuer’s other debt obligations.

CoCos are generally speculative and their market value may fluctuate based on a number of unpredictable factors, including, but not limited to, the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in the issuer’s capital ratios, supply and demand for CoCos, general market conditions and available liquidity, and economic, financial and political events affecting the particular issuer or markets in general.

Enhanced Convertible Securities. “Enhanced” convertible securities are equity-linked hybrid securities that automatically convert to equity securities on a specified date. Enhanced convertibles have been designed with a variety of payoff structures, and are known by a variety of different names. Three features common to enhanced convertible securities are (i) conversion to equity securities at the maturity of the convertible (as opposed to conversion at the option of the security holder in the case of ordinary convertibles); (ii) capped or limited appreciation potential relative to the underlying common stock; and (iii) dividend yields that are typically higher than that on the underlying common stock. Thus, enhanced convertible securities offer holders the opportunity to obtain higher current income than would be available from a traditional equity security issued by the same company in return for reduced participation in the appreciation potential of the underlying common stock. Other forms of enhanced convertible securities may involve arrangements with no interest or dividend payments made until maturity of the security or an enhanced principal amount received at maturity based on the yield and value of the underlying equity security during the security’s term or at maturity.

Synthetic Convertible Securities. A synthetic convertible security is a derivative position composed of two or more distinct securities whose investment characteristics, taken together, resemble those of traditional convertible securities, i.e., fixed income and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. For example, a Fund may purchase a non-convertible debt security and a warrant or option, which enables a Fund to have a convertible-like position with respect to a security or index.

Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions in private placement transactions and are typically sold back to the offering institution. Upon conversion, the holder generally receives from the offering institution an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security. Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed-income component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible

security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Purchasing a synthetic convertible security may provide greater flexibility than purchasing a traditional convertible security, including the ability to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a fixed income security with a call option on a stock index, when the Adviser determines that such a combination would better further a Fund’s investment goals. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately.

The holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline. In addition, in purchasing a synthetic convertible security, a Fund may have counterparty risk with respect to the financial institution or investment bank that offers the instrument.

Alternative Entity Securities. Alternative entity securities are the securities of entities that are formed as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, business trusts or other non-corporate entities that are similar to common or preferred stock of corporations.

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. Special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) are investment entities, acquired through stocks, warrants and other securities, that pool funds to seek potential acquisition or merger opportunities. A SPAC is a publicly traded company that raises funds through an initial public offering (“IPO”) for the purpose of acquiring or merging with another company to be identified subsequent to the SPAC’s IPO. The securities of a SPAC are often issued in “units” that include one share of common stock and one right or warrant (or partial right or warrant) conveying the right to purchase additional common shares or partial shares of the SPAC. In some cases, the rights and warrants may be separated from the common stock at the election of the holder, after which they may become freely tradeable. If a Fund purchases shares of a SPAC in an IPO it will generally bear a sales commission, which may be significant.

Unless and until a business combination transaction is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (which are constituted solely by the proceeds of the IPO), less a portion retained to cover expenses, in U.S. government securities, money market funds and similar investments whose returns or yields may be significantly lower than those of a Fund’s other investments. If an acquisition or merger that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the SPAC’s shareholders, less certain permitted expenses, and any rights or warrants issued by the SPAC will expire worthless. Under any circumstances in which a Fund receives a refund of all or a portion of its original investment in a SPAC, the returns on that investment may be negligible, and a Fund may be subject to opportunity costs to the extent that alternative investments would have produced higher returns. Further, a Fund may be delayed in receiving any redemption or liquidation proceeds from a SPAC to which it is entitled.

Because SPACs are in essence “blank check” companies without operating histories or ongoing business operations (other than identifying and pursuing acquisition or merger opportunities), the potential for the long term capital appreciation of their securities is dependent on the ability of the SPAC’s sponsor to identify and complete a profitable business combination. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which a Fund invests will complete a business combination or that any transaction completed by the SPACs in which a Fund invests will be profitable. Even if a SPAC in which a Fund has invested identifies a desirable acquisition or merger target and reaches agreement with that company as to the terms of the business combination, there can be no guarantee that the transaction will ultimately be consummated because, among other conditions that must be satisfied, a requisite number of shareholders of the SPAC or of the target company do not vote in favor of the transaction. The values of investments in SPACs may be highly volatile and may depreciate significantly over time. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions or mergers only within certain industries or regions, which may ultimately lead to an increase in the volatility of their prices following completion of a business combination. In addition, some of these securities may be considered illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on resale, leaving a Fund unable to sell its interest in a SPAC or able to sell its interest only at a price below what that Fund believes is the SPAC interest’s intrinsic value. Additionally, an investment in a SPAC may be diluted by additional later offerings of interests in the SPAC or by other investors exercising their warrants to purchase shares of the SPAC.

Due to the risk of the loss of sponsors’ and other initial investors’ capital if an acquisition or merger is not consummated, sponsors of SPACs may be incentivized to consummate business combinations at less attractive valuations at the expense of SPAC shareholders. In addition, as the number of SPACs grows, there is greater competition among SPACs and traditional purchasers of companies, which further increases the likelihood that SPAC sponsors may be incentivized to consummate acquisitions or mergers at less attractive valuations, as well as the risk that SPACs cannot successfully complete business combinations.

Equity-Linked Notes (ELNs). ELNs are hybrid derivative-type instruments, in a single note form, that are specially designed to combine the characteristics of one or more reference securities (such as a single stock, exchange-traded fund, exchange-traded note, or an index or basket of securities (underlying securities)) and a related equity derivative, such as a put or call option. Generally, when purchasing an ELN, a Fund pays the counterparty the current value of the underlying securities plus a commission. Upon the maturity of the note, the Fund generally receives the par value of the note plus a return based on the appreciation of the underlying securities. A Fund may or may not hold an ELN until its maturity. If the underlying securities have depreciated in value or if their price fluctuates outside of a preset range, depending on the type of ELN, the Fund may receive only the principal amount of the note, or may lose the entire principal invested in the ELN. ELNs are available with an assortment of features, including periodic coupon payments; limitations on participation in the appreciation of the underlying securities; and different protection levels on the Fund’s principal investment. A Fund will only invest in ELNs for which the underlying security is a permissible investment for the Fund in accordance with its investment policies and restrictions. ELNs are generally in two types: (1) those that provide for protection of a Fund’s principal in exchange for limited participation in the appreciation of the underlying securities, and (2) those that do not provide for such protection and subject a Fund to the risk of loss of its principal investment.

Investments in ELNs possess the risks associated with the underlying securities, such as management risk, market risk and, as applicable, foreign securities and currency risks. In addition, as a note, ELNs are also subject to certain debt securities risks, such as interest rate and credit risk. An investment in an ELN also bears the risk that the ELN issuer will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of, or income from, its investment. ELNs may be structured to be subordinated or unsubordinated to other classes of debt holders' right of payment. A downgrade or impairment to the credit rating of the issuer may also negatively impact the price of the ELN. The Fund may also experience liquidity issues when investing in ELNs, as ELN transactions generally take place in the over-the-counter institutional investment market as well as in privately negotiated transactions with ELN issuers. The secondary market for ELNs may be limited, and the lack of liquidity may make ELNs difficult to sell at a desirable time and price and value. The price of an ELN may not correlate with the price of the underlying securities or a fixed-income investment. As the holder of an ELN, the Fund generally has no rights to the underlying securities, including no voting rights or rights to receive dividends. The Adviser’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the underlying securities will determine the success of the Fund’s ELNs investments. Should the prices of the underlying securities move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of its ELN investments, and it may realize losses, which could be significant and could include the Fund’s entire principal investment.

Foreign Investments

Foreign Securities. Each Fund may invest in foreign securities. Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Greater China Fund, Invesco Developing Markets Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund, and Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund may invest up to 100% of their net assets in foreign securities. Invesco Health Care Fund and Invesco World Bond Factor Fund may invest substantially all of their assets in foreign securities. Foreign securities are equity or debt securities issued by issuers outside the United States, and include securities in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or other securities representing underlying securities of foreign issuers (foreign securities). ADRs are receipts, issued by U.S. banks, for the shares of foreign corporations, held by the bank issuing the receipt. ADRs are typically issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets.

GDRs are bank certificates issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. The shares are held by a foreign branch of an international bank. GDRs trade as domestic shares but are offered for sale globally through the various bank branches. GDRs are typically used by private markets to raise capital and are denominated in either U.S. dollars or foreign currencies. EDRs are similar to ADRs and GDRs, except they are typically issued by European banks or trust companies, denominated in foreign currencies and designed for use outside the U.S. securities markets. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains on the underlying foreign securities, less any fees paid to the bank. Purchasing ADRs, EDRs or GDRs gives a Fund the ability to purchase the functional equivalent of foreign securities without going to the foreign securities markets to do so. ADRs, EDRs or GDRs that are “sponsored” are those where the foreign corporation whose shares are represented by the ADR, EDR or GDR is actively involved in the issuance of the ADR, EDR or GDR and generally provides material information about the corporation to the U.S. market. An “unsponsored” ADR, EDR or GDR program is one where the foreign corporation whose shares are held by the bank is not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, the market value of the ADR, EDR or GDR may not reflect important facts known only to the foreign company.

Foreign debt securities include corporate debt securities of foreign issuers, certain foreign bank obligations (see “Bank Instruments”) and U.S. dollar or foreign currency denominated obligations of foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities (see “Foreign Government Obligations”), international agencies and supranational entities.

The Funds consider various factors when determining whether a company is in a particular country or in a particular region/continent, including whether (1) it is organized under the laws of a country or in a country in a particular region/continent; (2) it has a principal office in a country or in a country in a particular region/continent; (3) it derives 50% or more of its total revenues from businesses in a country or in a country in a particular region/continent; (4) its securities are traded principally on a security exchange, or in an over-the-counter (OTC) market, in a particular country or in a country in a particular region/continent; and/or (5) its “country of risk" as determined by a third party service provider such as Bloomberg. The issuer's “country of risk” is determined based on a number of criteria, including its country of domicile, the primary stock exchange on which it trades, the location from which the majority of its revenue comes, and its reporting currency.

Investments by a Fund in foreign securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, whether denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies, may entail all of the risks set forth below in addition to those accompanying an investment in issuers in the United States.

Currency Risk. The value in U.S. dollars of a Fund’s non-dollar-denominated foreign investments will be affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and increases when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency.

Political and Economic Risk. The economies of many countries may not be as developed as that of the United States’ economy and may be subject to significantly different forces. Political, economic or social instability and development, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, and limitations on the removal of funds or other assets could also adversely affect the value of portfolio investments. Certain foreign companies may be subject to sanctions, embargoes, or other governmental actions that may impair or otherwise limit the ability to invest in, receive, hold or sell the securities of such companies. These factors may affect the value of investments in those companies. In addition, certain companies may operate in, or have dealings with, countries that the U.S. government has identified as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result, such companies may be subject to specific constraints or regulations under U.S. law and, additionally, may be subject to negative investor perception, either of which could adversely affect such companies' performance.

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies may not be registered with the SEC and are generally not subject to the regulatory controls and disclosure requirements imposed on U.S. issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Foreign companies may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, corporate governance practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic

companies. Therefore, financial information about foreign companies may be incomplete, or may not be comparable to the information available on U.S. companies. Income from foreign securities owned by the Funds may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source, which tax would reduce dividend income payable to Fund shareholders.

There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers, dealers, and listed companies in foreign countries than in the U.S., thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. Foreign markets may also have different clearance and settlement procedures. If a Fund experiences settlement problems, it may result in temporary periods when a portion of that Fund’s assets are uninvested and could cause it to miss attractive investment opportunities or create a potential liability to that Fund arising out of its inability to fulfill a contract to sell such securities.

Market Risk. Investing in foreign markets generally involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States. The securities markets in many foreign countries will have substantially lower trading volume than the U.S. markets. As a result, the securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and experience more price volatility than comparable domestic securities. Obtaining and/or enforcing judgments in foreign countries may be more difficult, and there is generally less government regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and issuers, each of which may make it more difficult to enforce contractual obligations. Increased custodian costs as well as administrative costs (such as the need to use foreign custodians) may also be associated with the maintenance of assets in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, transaction costs in foreign securities markets are likely to be higher, since brokerage commission rates in foreign countries are likely to be higher than in the United States.

Invesco Developing Markets Fund, Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund and Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund will hold foreign currency only in connection with the purchase or sale of foreign securities.

Risks of Developing/Emerging Market Countries. The Funds may invest in securities of companies located in developing and emerging market countries. Each of Invesco Greater China Fund and Invesco Developing Markets Fund may invest up to 100% of its net assets in securities of companies located in developing and emerging market countries. Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund may invest up to 25% of its respective net assets in securities of companies located in developing and emerging market countries. Unless a Fund’s prospectus includes a different definition, the Fund considers developing and emerging market countries to be those countries that are (i) generally recognized to be an emerging market country by the international financial community, including the World Bank, (ii) determined by the Adviser to be an emerging market country or (iii) its “country of risk” is an emerging market country as determined by a third party service provider such as Bloomberg. As of the date of this SAI, the Adviser considers “emerging market countries” to generally include every country in the world except those countries included in the MSCI World Index. The Adviser has broad discretion to identify countries that it considers to be emerging market countries and may consider various factors in determining whether to classify a country as an emerging market country, including a country’s relative interest rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, monetary and fiscal policies, trade and current account balances, legal and political developments and any other specific factors the Adviser believes to be relevant. Because emerging market equity and emerging market debt are distinct asset classes, a country may be deemed an emerging market country with respect to its equity only, its debt only, both its equity and debt, or neither.

Investments in developing and emerging market countries present risks in addition to, or greater than, those presented by investments in foreign issuers generally, and may include the following risks:

i. Restriction, to varying degrees, on foreign investment in stocks;

ii. Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales in foreign countries may require foreign governmental registration and/or approval;

iii. Greater risk of fluctuation in the value of foreign investments due to changes in currency exchange rates, currency control regulations or currency devaluation. In addition, there may be higher rates of inflation and more rapid and extreme fluctuations in inflation rates and greater sensitivity to interest rate changes;

iv. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates may have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain developing and emerging market countries;

v. Many of the developing and emerging market countries’ securities markets are relatively small or less diverse, have low trading volumes, suffer periods of relative illiquidity, and are characterized by significant price volatility;

vi. There is a risk in developing and emerging market countries that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies;

vii. Investments in such securities markets may be subject to unexpected market closures;

viii. The taxation systems at the federal, regional and local levels in developing or emerging market countries may be less transparent and inconsistently enforced, and subject to sudden change. Developing or emerging market countries may also have a higher degree of corruption and fraud than developed market countries, as well as counterparties and financial institutions with less financial sophistication, creditworthiness and/or resources;

ix. Less developed legal systems allowing for enforcement of private property rights and/or redress for injuries to private property, such as bankruptcy. The ability to bring and enforce actions in developing or emerging market countries, or to obtain information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited and shareholder claims may be difficult or impossible to pursue; and

x. Less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries and, as a result, the nature and quality of such information may vary. Information about such companies may be less available and reliable and, therefore, the ability to conduct adequate due diligence in developing or emerging markets may be limited which can impede the Fund's ability to evaluate such companies. In addition, certain developing or emerging market countries may impose material limitations on Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) inspection, investigation and enforcement capabilities which can hinder the PCAOB’s ability to engage in independent oversight or inspection of accounting firms located in or operating in certain developing or emerging markets. There is no guarantee that the quality of financial reporting or the audits conducted by audit firms of developing or emerging market issuers meet PCAOB standards.

Frontier Markets. The risks associated with investments in frontier market countries include all the risks associated with investments in developing and emerging markets. These risks are magnified for frontier market countries because frontier markets countries generally have smaller economies, even less developed capital markets, and are traditionally less accessible than traditional emerging and developing markets. As a result, investments in companies in frontier markets countries are generally subject to a higher risk of loss than investments in companies in traditional emerging and developing market countries due to less developed securities markets, different settlement procedures, greater price volatility, less developed governments and economies, more government restrictions, and the limited ability of foreign entities to participate in certain privatization programs. Investments in companies operating in frontier market countries are highly speculative in nature.

Investment in the Private Fund. The Invesco Developing Markets Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in a private investment vehicle organized under Delaware law (the “Private Fund”). The Private Fund seeks long term capital appreciation by investing primarily in companies established or operating in the People’s Republic of China. It is expected that the Private Fund will invest a significant portion of its assets in class A-shares of Chinese companies (“China A Shares”) and other securities available to investors holding a Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) license in order to be classified and regulated as an “open-end

Private Fund” for purposes of Chinese regulations. The Private Fund may also invest in shares or other financial instruments listed, quoted or traded on any China or Hong Kong stock exchange which have a significant proportion of their ownership, assets or other interests in China, or other investments. Such other financial instruments may include, without limitation, class B-shares of Chinese companies listed in China and shares of Hong Kong-listed companies with a Chinese parent. In addition, although it is not currently expected to do so, the Private Fund may invest a portion of its assets in certain exchanged-traded and over-the-counter financial instruments from countries other than China.

Because the Invesco Developing Markets Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the Private Fund, which may hold certain of the investments described in the Fund’s prospectus and this SAI, the Fund may be considered to be investing indirectly in those investments through the Private Fund. Therefore, references in each Fund’s prospectus and in this SAI to investments by the Fund also may be deemed to include the Fund’s indirect investments through the Private Fund.

The Private Fund is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to its investor protections, except as noted in each Fund’s prospectus or this SAI. The Fund, as a shareholder of the Private Fund, does not have all of the protections offered by the 1940 Act. However, the Private Fund is controlled by Invesco Developing Markets Fund and managed by its managing member (the “Managing Member”), OppenheimerFunds, Inc. Therefore, Invesco Developing Markets Fund’s ownership of the Private Fund make it unlikely that the Private Fund would take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or its shareholders.

The Fund’s Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its expected investment in the Private Fund, and the Fund’s role as a shareholder of the Private Fund. The Fund applies its investment restrictions and compliance policies and procedures on a look-through basis to the Private Fund, including, without limitation, those restrictions, policies and procedures relating to portfolio leverage, liquidity, brokerage, and the timing and method of the valuation of the Private Fund’s portfolio investments and interests in the Private Fund.

Investing in securities of Chinese companies involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. The heavy concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of Chinese companies representing a limited number of industries may result in fewer investment opportunities. The small size of the market for Chinese securities and a low volume of trading for certain issues could also result in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility. Investments in Chinese securities are subject to currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations, and there may be an insufficient market to engage in hedging transactions to minimize renminbi foreign exchange risk. The nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets may have an adverse impact on investments in Chinese securities. Further, limitations on the use of brokers, higher rates of inflation, greater political, economic and social uncertainty, governmental restrictions on potential investment opportunities, custody requirements, and investment and repatriation restrictions may pose risks to investments in Chinese securities. In addition, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards in China are different from U.S. standards and, therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made. Less information may be available to the Fund and other investors than would be the case if the Fund’s investments were restricted to securities of U.S. issuers. There is also generally less governmental regulation of the securities industry in China, and less enforcement of regulatory provisions relating thereto, than in the United States. Moreover, it may be more difficult to obtain a judgment in a court outside the United States. Investments in Chinese securities may be subject to withholding taxes, as well as currency repatriation restrictions imposed by the government of China from time to time. The Chinese system of taxation is not as well settled as that of non-emerging market countries and changes in the Chinese tax system may have retroactive effects.

Further, the Private Fund may invest substantially all of its assets in a limited number of issuers or a single issuer. To the extent that it does so, the value of its investments may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions affecting such issuers.

Investing in Greater China Risk. Investments in companies located or operating in Greater China involve risks not associated with investments in Western nations, such as nationalization, expropriation, or

confiscation of property; difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing judgments; alteration or discontinuation of economic reforms; military conflicts, either internal or with other countries; inflation, currency fluctuations and fluctuations in inflation and interest rates that may have negative effects on the economy and securities markets of Greater China; and Greater China’s dependency on the economies of other Asian countries, many of which are developing countries. Events in any one country within Greater China may impact the other countries in the region or Greater China as a whole. For example, changes to their political and economic relationships with the mainland China could adversely impact the Fund’s investments in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Certain securities issued by companies located or operating in Greater China, such as China A-shares, are subject to trading restrictions, quota limitations, and clearing and settlement risks. Significant portions of the Chinese securities markets may become rapidly illiquid, as Chinese issuers have the ability to suspend the trading of their equity securities, and have shown a willingness to exercise that option in response to market volatility and other events. The liquidity of Chinese securities may shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political events, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate.

Export growth continues to be a major driver of China’s rapid economic growth. As a result, a reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, the institution of tariffs or other trade barriers, or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy. The current political climate has intensified concerns about a potential trade war between China and the United States, as each country has recently imposed tariffs on the other country’s products. These actions may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

Additionally, developing countries, such as those in Greater China, may subject the Fund’s investments to a number of tax rules, and the application of many of those rules may be uncertain. Moreover, China has implemented a number of tax reforms in recent years, and may amend or revise its existing tax laws and/or procedures in the future, possibly with retroactive effect. Changes in applicable Chinese tax law could reduce the after-tax profits of the Fund, directly or indirectly, including by reducing the after-tax profits of companies in China in which the Fund invests. Chinese taxes that may apply to the Fund’s investments include income tax or withholding tax on dividends, interest or gains earned by the Fund, business tax and stamp duty. Uncertainties in Chinese tax rules could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Fund. Additionally, any difficulties of the PCAOB to inspect audit work papers and practices of PCAOB-registered accounting firms in China with respect to their audit work of U.S. reporting companies may impose significant additional risks associated with investments in China.

Risks of Investing in Chinese Variable Interest Entities. Many Chinese companies have created a special structure, which is based in China, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) as a means to circumvent limits on direct foreign ownership of equity in Chinese operating companies in certain sectors, such as internet, media, education and telecommunications, imposed by the Chinese government. Typically in such an arrangement, a China-based operating company establishes an offshore “holding” company in another jurisdiction that likely does not have the same disclosure, reporting, and governance requirements as the United States. The holding company issues shares, i.e., is “listed”, on a foreign exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The listed holding company enters into service and other contracts with the China-based operating company, typically through the China-based VIE. The VIE must be owned by Chinese nationals (and/or other Chinese companies), which often are the VIE’s founders, in order to obtain the licenses and/or assets required to operate in the restricted or prohibited sector in China. The operations and financial position of the VIE are included in consolidated financial statements of the listed holding company. Foreign investors, including mutual funds and ETFs (such as the Fund), hold stock in the listed holding company rather than directly in the China-based operating company.

The VIE structure allows foreign shareholders to exert a degree of control and obtain economic benefits arising from the operating company but without formal legal ownership because the listed holding company’s control over the operating company is predicated entirely on contracts with the VIE. The listed holding company is distinct from the underlying operating company, and an investment in the listed holding company represents exposure to a company that maintains service contracts with the operating company, not equity ownership.

Investments in companies that use VIEs may pose additional risks because the investment is made through the listed holding company’s service and other contractual arrangements with the underlying Chinese operating company. As a result, such investment may limit the rights of an investor with respect to the underlying Chinese operating company. The contractual arrangements between the VIE and the operating company may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct equity ownership. The Chinese government could determine at any time and without notice that the underlying contractual arrangements on which control of the VIE is based violate Chinese law. While VIEs are a longstanding industry practice, well known to Chinese officials and regulators, VIEs historically have not been formally recognized under Chinese law. The owners of the VIE could decide to breach the contractual arrangements with the listed holding company and it is uncertain whether the contractual arrangements, which may be subject to conflicts of interest between the legal owners of the VIE and foreign investors, would be enforced by Chinese courts or arbitration bodies. Prohibitions of these structures by the Chinese government, or the inability to enforce such contracts, from which the shell company derives its value, would likely cause the VIE-structured holding(s) to suffer significant, detrimental, and possibly permanent loss, and in turn, adversely affect the Fund’s returns and net asset value.

The Chinese government previously placed restrictions on China-based companies raising capital offshore in certain sectors, including through VIEs, and investors face uncertainty about future actions by the Chinese government that could significantly affect the operating company’s financial performance and the enforceability of the contractual arrangements underlying the VIE structure. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted and what impact such laws may have on foreign investors. There is a risk that China might prohibit the existence of VIEs or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities; if so, the market value of any associated portfolio holdings would likely suffer substantial, detrimental, and possibly permanent loss.

Chinese companies, including those listed on U.S. exchanges, are generally not subject to the same degree of regulatory requirements, accounting standards or auditor oversight as companies in more developed countries. As a result, information about VIEs may be less reliable or complete. Foreign companies with securities listed on U.S. exchanges, including those that utilize VIEs, may be delisted if they do not meet the requirements of the listing exchange, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the U.S. government, which could significantly decrease the liquidity and value of such securities. Actions by the U.S. government, such as delisting of certain Chinese companies from U.S. securities exchanges or otherwise restricting their operations in the U.S., may negatively impact the liquidity and value of such securities.

Risks of Investments in China A-shares through the Stock Connect Program. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (both programs collectively referred to as the Connect Program) are securities trading and clearing programs through which the Funds can trade eligible listed China A-shares. The Connect Program is subject to quota limitations and an investor cannot purchase and sell the same security on the same trading day, which may restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in China A-shares through the Connect Program and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the Connect Program is not trading, with the result that prices of China A-shares may fluctuate at times when the Fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Only certain China A-shares are eligible to be accessed through the Connect Program. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through the Connect Program. Because the Connect Program is still relatively in its early stages, the actual effect on the market for trading China A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign

investors is currently unknown. The Connect Program is subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities for the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and further regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions or suspension of trading, may adversely impact the Connect Program, if the authorities believe it necessary to assure orderly markets or for other reasons. There is no guarantee that all three exchanges will continue to support the Connect Program in the future and no assurance that further regulations will not adversely affect the availability of securities under Stock Connect or other operational arrangements.

Investments in China A-shares may not be covered by the securities investor protection programs of the exchanges and, without the protection of such programs, will be subject to the risk of default by the broker. In the event that the depository of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange defaulted, a Fund may not be able to recover fully its losses from the depository or may be delayed in receiving proceeds as part of any recovery process. In addition, because all trades on the Connect Program in respect of eligible China A-shares must be settled in Renminbi (RMB), the Chinese currency, the Funds investing through the Connect Program must have timely access to a reliable supply of offshore RMB, which cannot be guaranteed. The existence of a liquid trading market for China A-shares may depend on whether there is supply of, and demand for, such China A-shares. Market volatility and settlement difficulties in the China A-shares markets may also result in significant fluctuations in the prices of the securities traded on such markets.

China A-shares purchased through the Connect Program are held in nominee name and not the Fund’s name as the beneficial owner. It is possible, therefore, that a Fund’s ability to exercise its rights as a shareholder and to pursue claims against the issuer of China A-shares may be limited because the nominee structure has not been tested in Chinese courts, as Chinese courts generally have limited experience in applying the concept of beneficial ownership and the law in that area continues to evolve. In addition, a Fund may not be able to participate in corporate actions affecting China A-shares held through the Connect Program due to time constraints or for other operational reasons.

Trades on the Connect Program are subject to certain requirements prior to trading. If these requirements are not completed prior to the market opening, a Fund cannot sell the shares on that trading day. In addition, these requirements may limit the number of brokers that a Fund may use to execute trades. If an investor holds 5% or more of the total shares issued by a China A-share issuer, whether or not such shares were acquired through the Stock Connect Program, the investor must return any profits obtained from the purchase and sale of those shares if both transactions occur within a six-month period. If a Fund holds 5% or more of the total shares of a China A-share issuer through its Connect Program investments, its profits may be subject to these limitations. All accounts managed by the Adviser and/or its affiliates will be aggregated for purposes of this 5% limitation, which makes it more likely that a Fund's profits may be subject to these limitations.

Risks of Investments in the China Interbank Bond Market through the Bond Connect Program. Certain Funds may invest in China onshore bonds traded on the China Interbank Bond Market (“CIBM”) through the China – Hong Kong Bond Connect Program (“Bond Connect”). In China, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority Central Moneymarkets Unit holds Bond Connect securities on behalf of ultimate investors (such as the Funds) in accounts maintained with a China-based custodian (either the China Central Depository & Clearing Co. or the Shanghai Clearing House). This recordkeeping system subjects a Fund to various risks, including the risks of settlement delays and counterparty default of the China custodian and Hong Kong custody agent. In addition, the Fund may have a limited ability to enforce rights as a bondholder because enforcing the ownership rights of a beneficial holder of Bond Connect securities is untested and courts in China have limited experience in applying the concept of beneficial ownership.

Bond Connect uses the trading infrastructure of both Hong Kong and China and is not available on trading holidays in Hong Kong. As a result, prices of securities purchased through Bond Connect may fluctuate at times when the Fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Securities offered through Bond Connect may lose their eligibility for trading through Bond Connect at any time. If Bond Connect securities lose their eligibility for trading through Bond Connect, they may be sold but can no longer be purchased through Bond Connect.

Because Bond Connect trades are settled in RMB, the Funds investing through Bond Connect must have timely access to a reliable supply of offshore RMB, which cannot be guaranteed.

Market volatility and potential lack of liquidity due to low trading volume of certain bonds on the CIBM may result in prices of such bonds fluctuating significantly, exposing a Fund to liquidity and volatility risks. The bid-ask spreads of the prices of such securities may be large, and a Fund may therefore incur significant costs and may suffer losses when selling such investments. Bonds traded on the CIBM may be difficult or impossible to sell, which may impact a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of such securities at their expected prices.

Bond Connect is relatively new and its effects on the Chinese interbank bond market are uncertain. Trading through Bond Connect is performed through newly developed trading platforms and operational systems, and in the event of systems malfunctions or extreme market conditions, trading via Bond Connect could be disrupted. There can be no assurance as to Bond Connect’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding Bond Connect (including further interpretation and guidance provided by regulators in Hong Kong and China) may restrict or adversely affect the Fund’s investments or returns. Finally, uncertainties in China tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments via Bond Connect could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a Fund.

Foreign Government Obligations. Debt securities issued by foreign governments are often, but not always, supported by the full faith and credit of the foreign governments, or their subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, that issue them. These securities involve the risks discussed above under “Foreign Securities”. Additionally, the issuer of the debt or the governmental authorities that control repayment of the debt may be unwilling or unable to pay interest or repay principal when due. Political or economic changes or the balance of trade may affect a country’s willingness or ability to service its debt obligations. Periods of economic uncertainty may result in the volatility of market prices of sovereign debt obligations, especially debt obligations issued by the governments of developing countries. Foreign government obligations of developing countries, and some structures of emerging market debt securities, both of which are generally below investment grade, are sometimes referred to as “Brady Bonds.” The failure of a sovereign debtor to implement economic reforms, achieve specified levels of economic performance, or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of third-party commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may impair the debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Under U.S. tax laws, passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) are those foreign corporations which generate primarily “passive” income. Passive income is defined as any income that is considered foreign personal holding company income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code). For federal tax purposes, a foreign corporation is deemed to be a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income during a taxable year is passive income or if 50% or more of its assets during a taxable year are assets that produce, or are held to produce, passive income.

Foreign mutual funds are generally deemed to be PFICs, since nearly all of the income of a mutual fund is passive income. Foreign mutual funds investments may be used to gain exposure to the securities of companies in countries that limit or prohibit direct foreign investment; however, investments in foreign mutual funds by a Fund are subject to limits under the Investment Company Act.

Other types of foreign corporations may also be considered PFICs if their percentage of passive income or passive assets exceeds the limits described above. A determination as to whether a foreign corporation is considered a PFIC is based on an interpretation of complex provisions of the tax law. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a conclusion regarding a corporation's status as a PFIC will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and conclusions as to a corporation's PFIC status may vary depending on who is doing the analysis. Unless a Fund makes an election with respect to its investment in a PFIC, which election may not always be possible, income from the disposition of a PFIC investment and from certain PFIC distributions may be subject to adverse tax treatment. The application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC shares, and may subject a Fund to tax on certain income from PFIC shares. Federal tax laws impose severe tax penalties for failure to properly report investment income from PFICs. Although every

effort is made to ensure compliance with federal tax reporting requirements for these investments, foreign corporations that are PFICs for federal tax purposes may not always be recognized as such or may not provide a Fund with all information required to report, or make an election with respect to, such investment.

A foreign issuer will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to a shareholder if such issuer is a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (CFC) and the shareholder holds (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the voting interests in or total value of such issuer. In such a case, the shareholder generally would be required to include in gross income each year, as ordinary income, its share of certain amounts of a CFC’s income, whether or not the CFC distributes such shareholder’s share of such amounts to it. Under proposed regulations, such income will be considered “qualifying income” for purposes of a shareholder’s qualification as a regulated investment company only to the extent such income is timely distributed to that shareholder.

Additional risks of investing in other investment companies are described under “Other Investment Companies.”

Foreign Exchange Transactions. Certain Funds may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities and have the authority to purchase and sell put and call options on foreign currencies (foreign currency options), foreign currency futures contracts and related options, and currency-related swaps, and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (i.e., for prompt delivery and settlement) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward foreign currency contracts (see “Forward Foreign Currency Contracts”). The use of these instruments may result in a loss to a Fund if the counterparty to the transaction (particularly with respect to OTC derivatives, as discussed further below) does not perform as promised, including because of such counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency.

The Funds will incur costs in converting assets from one currency to another. Foreign exchange dealers may charge a fee for conversion. In addition, dealers may realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they buy and sell various currencies in the spot and forward markets.

A Fund will generally engage in these foreign exchange transactions in order to complete a purchase or sale of foreign currency denominated securities. The Funds may also use foreign currency options, forward foreign currency contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and currency-related swap contracts to increase or reduce exposure to a foreign currency, to shift exposure from one foreign currency to another in a cross currency hedge or to enhance returns. These transactions are intended to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies; however, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currencies increase.

A Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts and purchase and write foreign currency options to increase or decrease its exposure to different foreign currencies. A Fund may also purchase and write foreign currency options in connection with foreign currency futures contracts or forward foreign currency contracts. Foreign currency futures contracts are traded on exchanges and have standard contract sizes and delivery dates. Most foreign currency futures contracts call for payment or delivery in U.S. dollars. The uses and risks of foreign currency futures contracts are similar to those of futures contracts relating to securities or indices (see “Futures Contracts”). Foreign currency futures contracts’ values can be expected to correlate with exchange rates but may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

Whether or not any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain, and use of hedging strategies may leave a Fund in a less advantageous position than if a hedge had not been established. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward foreign currency contract. Accordingly, a Fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if Invesco’s or the Sub-Advisers’ predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate.

Certain Funds may hold a portion of their assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these monies are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or

unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. Foreign exchange transactions may involve some of the risks of investments in foreign securities. For a discussion of tax considerations relating to foreign currency transactions, see “Dividends, Distributions and Tax Matters — Tax Matters — Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions — Foreign currency transactions.”

Under definitions adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), non-deliverable foreign exchange forwards and OTC foreign exchange options are considered “swaps.” These instruments are therefore included in the definition of “commodity interests” for purposes of determining whether fund service providers qualify for certain exemptions and exclusions from regulation by the CFTC. Although non-deliverable forward foreign currency contracts have historically been traded in the OTC market, as swaps they may in the future be regulated to be centrally cleared and traded on public execution facilities. For more information, see “Forward Foreign Currency Contracts” and “Swaps.”

Floating Rate Corporate Loans and Corporate Debt Securities of Non-U.S. Borrowers. The Funds may invest in floating rate loans that are made to and floating rate debt securities that are issued by non-U.S. borrowers, provided that the loans are U.S. dollar-denominated or otherwise provide for payment in U.S. dollars, and any such borrower meets the credit quality standards established by Invesco and the Sub-Advisers for U.S. borrowers. The Fund similarly may invest in floating rate loans and floating rate debt securities made to and issued by U.S. borrowers with significant non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue, provided that the loans are U.S. dollar-denominated or otherwise provide for payment to the Fund in U.S. dollars.In cases where the floating rate loans or floating rate debt securities are not denominated in U.S. dollars, provisions will be made for payments to the lenders, including the Funds, in U.S. dollars pursuant to foreign currency swaps or the currency risk of the transaction will be hedged using forward foreign currency contracts.

Foreign Bank Obligations. Foreign bank obligations include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits and other obligations (a) denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by a foreign branch of a domestic bank (Eurodollar Obligations), (b) denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by a domestic branch of a foreign bank (Yankee Dollar Obligations), or (c) issued by foreign branches of foreign banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any U.S. government agency or instrumentality.

Eurozone Investment Risks. The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of most western European countries and a growing number of eastern European countries, collectively known as “member states.” One of the key mandates of the EU is the establishment and administration of a common single market, consisting of, among other things, a single currency and a common trade policy. In order to pursue this goal, member states established the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which sets out different stages and commitments that member states need to follow to achieve greater economic and monetary policy coordination, including the adoption of a single currency, the euro. Many member states have adopted the euro as their currency and, as a result, are subject to the monetary policies of the European Central Bank (ECB).

The global economic crisis that began in 2008 has caused severe financial difficulties for many EU member states, pushing some to the brink of insolvency and causing others to experience recession, large public debt, restructuring of government debt, credit rating downgrades and an overall weakening of banking and financial sectors. Recovery from the crisis has been challenged by high unemployment and budget deficits as well as by weaknesses in sovereign debt issued by Greece, Spain, Portugal, the Republic of Ireland, Italy and other EU member states. The sovereign debt of several of these countries was downgraded in 2012 and many remain subject to further downgrades, which may have a negative effect on European and non-European banks that have significant exposure to sovereign debt. Since 2010, several countries, including Greece, Italy, Spain, the Republic of Ireland and Portugal, agreed to multi-year bailout loans from the ECB, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other institutions. To address budget deficits and public debt concerns, a number of European countries have imposed strict austerity measures and comprehensive financial and labor market reforms.

Some EU member states may continue to be dependent on assistance from the ECB, the IMF, or other governments and institutions. Such assistance could depend on a country’s implementation of reforms or attainment of a certain level of performance. Failure by one or more EU member states to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deeper or prolonged economic downturn, which could have a significant adverse effect on the value of investments in European countries. By adopting the euro, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, EU member states are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary controls implemented by the EMU and may be limited to some degree from implementing their own economic policies. The euro may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally.

Additionally, it is possible that EMU member states could voluntarily abandon the euro or involuntarily be forced out of the euro, including by way of a partial or complete dissolution of the EMU. The effects of such outcomes on the rest of the Eurozone and global markets as a whole are unpredictable, but are likely to be negative, including adversely impacted market values of Eurozone and various other securities and currencies, redenomination of certain securities into less valuable local currencies, and more volatile and illiquid markets. Under such circumstances, investments denominated in euros or replacement currencies may be difficult to value, the ability to operate an investment strategy in connection with euro-denominated securities may be significantly impaired and the value of euro-denominated investments may decline significantly and unpredictably. Furthermore, the United Kingdom’s (“UK”) departure from the EU, known as “Brexit,” may have significant political and financial consequences for Eurozone markets, including greater market volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, deterioration in economic activity, a decrease in business confidence and an increased likelihood of a recession in the UK. Uncertainty relating to the withdrawal procedures and timeline may have adverse effects on asset valuations and the renegotiation of current trade agreements, as well as an increase in financial regulation of UK banks. While the full impact of Brexit is unknown, market disruption in the EU and globally may have a negative effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. Additionally, the risks related to Brexit could be more pronounced if one or more additional EU member states seek to leave the EU.

Risks Related to Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In late February 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia, Ukraine, Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the West. Russia’s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia’s actions, and the potential for wider conflict may increase financial market volatility and could have severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets, including the markets for certain securities and commodities such as oil and natural gas.

Following Russia’s actions, various countries, including the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, among others, as well as the European Union, issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia. The sanctions freeze certain Russian assets and prohibit trading by individuals and entities in certain Russian securities, engaging in certain private transactions, and doing business with certain Russian corporate entities, large financial institutions, officials and oligarchs. The sanctions include a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, commonly called “SWIFT,” the electronic network that connects banks globally, and imposed restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. A number of large corporations have since withdrawn from Russia or suspended or curtailed their Russia-based operations.

The imposition of these current sanctions (and the potential for further sanctions in response to Russia’s continued military activity) and other actions undertaken by countries and businesses may adversely impact various sectors of the Russian economy, including, but not limited to, the financials, energy, metals and mining, engineering, and defense and defense-related materials sectors. Such actions also may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble, and could impair the ability of a Fund to buy, sell, receive, or deliver those securities. Moreover, the measures could adversely affect global financial and energy markets and thereby negatively affect the value of a Fund’s investments beyond any direct exposure to Russian issuers or those of adjoining geographic regions.

In response to sanctions, the Russian Central Bank raised its interest rates and banned sales of local securities by foreigners. Russia also prevented the export of certain goods and payments to foreign shareholders of Russian securities. Russia may take additional countermeasures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities and Fund investments. Such actions could, for example, include restricting gas exports to other countries, the seizure of U.S. and European residents’ assets, or undertaking or provoking other military conflict elsewhere in Europe, any of which could exacerbate negative consequences on global financial markets and the economy. The actions discussed above could have a negative effect on the performance of Funds that have exposure to Russia. While diplomatic efforts have been ongoing, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is unpredictable and has the potential to result in broader military actions. The duration of the ongoing conflict and corresponding sanctions and related events cannot be predicted and may result in a negative impact on Fund performance and the value of Fund investments, particularly as it relates to Russian exposure.

Exchange-Traded Funds

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs). Each Fund may purchase shares of ETFs. Most ETFs are registered under the 1940 Act as investment companies, although others may not be registered as investment companies and are registered as commodity pools. Therefore, a Fund’s purchase of shares of an ETF may be subject to the restrictions on investments in other investment companies discussed under “Other Investment Companies.” ETFs have management fees, which increase their cost. The Fund may invest in ETFs advised by unaffiliated advisers as well as ETFs advised by Invesco Capital Management LLC (Invesco Capital). Invesco, the Sub-Advisers and Invesco Capital are affiliates of each other as they are all indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Invesco Ltd.

Generally, ETFs hold portfolios of securities, commodities and/or currencies that are designed to replicate, as closely as possible before expenses, the performance of a specified market index. The performance results of ETFs will not replicate exactly the performance of the pertinent index due to transaction and other expenses, including fees to service providers, borne by ETFs. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the portfolio of securities, commodities and/or currencies purchased by an ETF will replicate a particular index. Some ETFs are actively managed and instead of replicating a particular index they seek to outperform it, or outperform a basket of securities or price of a commodity or currency.

Only Authorized Participants (APs) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with ETFs. ETF shares are sold to and redeemed by APs at net asset value only in large blocks called creation units and redemption units, respectively. Such market makers have no obligation to submit creation or redemption orders; consequently, there is no assurance that market makers will establish or maintain an active trading market for ETF shares. In addition, to the extent that APs exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to an ETF and no other AP is able to step forward to create or redeem units of an ETF, an ETF’s shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. ETF shares may be purchased and sold by all other investors in secondary market trading on national securities exchanges, which allows investors to purchase and sell ETF shares at their market price throughout the day.

Investments in ETFs generally present the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund that has the same investment objective, strategy and policies. Investments in ETFs further involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the types of securities, commodities and/or currencies included in the indices the ETFs are designed to replicate. In addition, shares of an ETF may trade at a market price that is higher or lower than their net asset value and an active trading market in such shares may not develop or continue. Moreover, trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange’s officials deem such action to be appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally.

Exchange-Traded Notes

Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs). ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy, minus applicable fees.

ETNs are traded on an exchange (e.g., the New York Stock Exchange) during normal trading hours; however, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor. ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, including the credit risk of the issuer, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When a Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. A decision to sell ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will accept, or a court will uphold, how ETNs are characterized or treated for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.

An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid, and thus they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form.

The market value of ETNs may differ from their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETNs at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.

Debt Investments

U.S. Government Obligations. U.S. government obligations are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, as well as "stripped" or "zero coupon" U.S. Treasury obligations.

U.S. government obligations may be, (i) supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, (ii) supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, (iii) supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations, or (iv) supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. There is a risk that the U.S. government may choose not to provide financial support to U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities if it is not legally obligated to do so. In that case, if the issuer were to default, a Fund holding securities of such issuer might not be able to recover its investment from the U.S. government. For example, while the U.S. government has provided financial support to Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. There also is no guarantee that the government would support Federal Home Loan Banks. Accordingly, securities of FNMA, FHLMC and Federal Home Loan Banks, and other agencies, may involve a risk of non-payment of principal and interest. Any downgrade of the credit rating of the securities issued by the U.S. government may result in a downgrade of securities issued by its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored entities. Additionally, from time to time uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt limit, commonly called the “debt ceiling,” could increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities, cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded, increase volatility in the stock and bond markets, result in higher interest rates, reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities, and/or increase the costs of various

kinds of debt. If a U.S. government-sponsored entity is negatively impacted by legislative or regulatory action, is unable to meet its obligations, or its creditworthiness declines, the performance of a Fund that holds securities of that entity will be adversely impacted.

Event-Linked Bonds. Investments may be made in “event-linked” bonds or interests in trusts and other pooled entities that invest primarily or exclusively in event-linked bonds, including entities sponsored and/or advised by Invesco or its affiliates.

Event-linked bonds, including “catastrophe” bonds and other insurance-linked securities, are fixed income securities for which the return of principal and payment of interest is contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific trigger event, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other occurrence that leads to physical or economic loss. In some cases, the trigger event will not be deemed to have occurred unless the event is of a certain magnitude (based on, for example, scientific readings) or causes a certain measurable amount of loss to the issuer, a particular industry group or a reference index. If the trigger event occurs prior to maturity, a Fund may lose all or a portion of its principal and additional interest. A Fund may also invest in similar bonds where the Fund may lose all or a portion of its principal and additional interest if the mortality rate in a geographic area exceeds a stated threshold prior to maturity whether or not a particular catastrophic event has occurred. Event-linked bonds include the universe of insurance-linked securities, including privately-placed event-linked securities including sidecards, collateralized reinsurance and industry loss warranties. Some of these investments are illiquid but they are event-linked in that they default as a result of an event or series of events.

Event-linked bonds may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, and financial institutions, among other issuers, or special purpose vehicles associated with the foregoing. Often event-links bonds provide for extensions of maturity in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases when a trigger event has occurred or is likely to have occurred. An extension of maturity may increase a bond’s volatility.

Event-linked bonds may expose a Fund to certain other risks, including issuer default, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, liquidity risk and adverse tax consequences. Lack of a liquid market may result in higher transaction costs and the possibility that a Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. Event-linked bonds are typically rated by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and a Fund will only invest in event-linked bonds that meet the credit quality requirements for the Fund.

The issuers of the event-linked bonds in which a Fund will invest are generally treated as PFICs for U.S. income tax purposes. For more information about PFICs, see “Passive Foreign Investment Companies.”

Inflation-Indexed Bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (CPI) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years’ inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semiannual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period

of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate. The Fund may also invest in other inflation related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.

While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.

Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in affiliated money market funds or in other types of money market instruments in which those funds would invest or other short-term U.S. government securities for cash management purposes. Each Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in investments that may be inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies for temporary defensive purposes in anticipation of or in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, or atypical circumstances such as unusually large cash inflows or redemptions. As a result, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

Changing Interest Rates. In a low or negative interest rate environment, debt securities may trade at, or be issued with, negative yields, which means the purchaser of the security may receive at maturity less than the total amount invested. In addition, in a negative interest rate environment, if a bank charges negative interest, instead of receiving interest on deposits, a depositor must pay the bank fees to keep money with the bank. To the extent a Fund holds a negatively-yielding debt security or has a bank deposit with a negative interest rate, the Fund would generate a negative return on that investment. Cash positions may also subject a Fund to increased counterparty risk to the Fund's bank. Debt market conditions are highly unpredictable and some parts of the market are subject to dislocations. In the past, the U.S. government and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to stabilize markets by, among other things, reducing interest rates. To the extent such actions are pursued, they present heightened risks to debt securities, and such risks could be even further heightened if these actions are unexpectedly or suddenly reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. In recent years, the U.S. government began implementing increases to the federal funds interest rate and there may be further rate increases. As interest rates rise, there is risk that rates across the financial system also may rise. To the extent rates increase substantially and/or rapidly, the Funds may be subject to significant losses.

In a low or negative interest rate environment, some investors may seek to reallocate assets to other income-producing assets. This may cause the price of such higher yielding instruments to rise, could further reduce the value of instruments with a negative yield, and may limit a Fund's ability to locate fixed income

instruments containing the desired risk/return profile. Changing interest rates, including, rates that fall below zero, could have unpredictable effects on the markets and may expose fixed income markets to heightened volatility, increased redemptions, and potential illiquidity.

With respect to a money market fund, which seeks to maintain a stable $1.00 price per share, a low or negative interest rate environment could impact the money market fund’s ability to maintain a stable $1.00 share price. During a low or negative interest rate environment, such money market fund may reduce the number of shares outstanding on a pro rata basis through reverse stock splits, negative dividends or other mechanisms to seek to maintain a stable $1.00 price per share, to the extent permissible by applicable law and its organizational documents. Alternatively, the money market fund may discontinue using the amortized cost method of valuation to maintain a stable $1.00 price per share and establish a fluctuating NAV per share rounded to four decimal places by using available market quotations or equivalents.

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities include commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) and residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS). Mortgage-backed securities are mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or issued by non-government entities, such as commercial banks and other private lenders. Mortgage-related securities represent ownership in pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and government-related organizations such as the FNMA and the FHLMC, as well as by non-government issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. These securities differ from conventional bonds in that the principal is paid back to the investor as payments are made on the underlying mortgages in the pool. Accordingly, a Fund receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest along with any unscheduled principal prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Because these scheduled and unscheduled principal payments must be reinvested at prevailing interest rates, mortgage-backed securities do not provide an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates for the investor.

In addition, there are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as Ginnie Maes) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest. That guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. GNMA is a corporation wholly-owned by the U.S. government within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Mortgage-related securities issued by FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as Fannie Maes) and are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FNMA itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FNMA is a government-sponsored entity (GSE) wholly-owned by public stockholders. Mortgage-related securities issued by FHLMC include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as Freddie Macs) and are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FHLMC itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FHLMC is a GSE wholly-owned by public stockholders.

Another type of mortgage-related security issued by GSEs, such as FNMA and FHLMC, is credit risk transfer securities. GSE credit risk transfer securities are unguaranteed and unsecured fixed or floating rate general obligations issued by GSEs, which are typically issued at par and have stated final maturities. In addition, GSE credit risk transfer securities are structured so that: (i) interest is paid directly by the issuing GSE; and (ii) principal is paid by the issuing GSE in accordance with the principal payments and default performance of a pool of residential mortgage loans acquired by the GSE. The issuing GSE selects the pool of mortgage loans based on that GSE’s eligibility criteria, and the performance of the credit risk transfer securities will be directly affected by the selection of such underlying mortgage loans.

GSE credit risk transfer securities are not directly linked to or backed by the underlying mortgage loans. Thus, although the payment of principal and interest on such securities is tied to the performance of the pool of underlying mortgage loans, in no circumstances will the actual cash flow from the underlying mortgage

loans be paid or otherwise made available to the holders of the securities and the holders of the securities will have no interest in the underlying mortgage loans. As a result, in the event that a GSE fails to pay principal or interest on its credit risk transfer securities or goes through a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding, holders of such credit risk transfer securities will have no direct recourse to the underlying mortgage loans. Such holders will receive recovery on par with other unsecured note holders (agency debentures) in such a scenario.

GSE credit risk transfer securities are issued in multiple tranches, which are allocated certain principal repayments and credit losses corresponding to the seniority of the particular tranche. Each tranche will have credit exposure to the underlying mortgage loans and the yield to maturity will be directly related to the amount and timing of certain defined credit events on the underlying mortgage loans, any prepayments by borrowers and any removals of a mortgage loan from the pool. Because credit risk exposure is allocated in accordance with the seniority of the particular tranche, principal losses will be first allocated to the most junior or subordinate tranches, thus making the most subordinate tranches subject to increased sensitivity to dramatic housing downturns. In addition, many credit risk transfer securities have collateral performance triggers (such as those based on credit enhancement, delinquencies or defaults) that could shut off principal payments to subordinate tranches.

The risks associated with an investment in GSE credit risk transfer securities will be different than the risks associated with an investment in mortgage-backed securities issued by GSEs, because some or all of the mortgage default or credit risk associated with the underlying mortgage loans in credit risk transfer securities is transferred to investors, such as the Fund. As a result, investors in GSE credit risk transfer securities could lose some or all of their investment in these securities if the underlying mortgage loans default.

The Funds may also invest in credit risk transfer securities issued by private entities, such as banks or other financial institutions. Credit risk transfer securities issued by private entities are structured similarly to those issued by GSEs, and are generally subject to the same types of risks, including credit, prepayment, extension, interest rate and market risks.

On September 7, 2008, FNMA and FHLMC were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to provide stability in the financial markets, mortgage availability and taxpayer protection by preserving FNMA and FHLMC’s assets and property and putting FNMA and FHLMC in a sound and solvent position. Under the conservatorship, the management of FNMA and FHLMC was replaced.

Since 2009, both FNMA and FHLMC have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases and Federal Reserve purchases of the entities’ mortgage-backed securities.

In February 2011, the Obama Administration produced a report to Congress outlining proposals to wind down FNMA and FHLMC and reduce the government’s role in the mortgage market. In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 which, among other provisions, requires that FNMA and FHLMC increase their single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by FNMA or FHLMC on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022. Discussions among policymakers continue, however, as to whether FNMA and FHLMC should be nationalized, privatized, restructured, or eliminated altogether. FNMA reported in the third quarter of 2016 that it expected "continued significant uncertainty" regarding its future and the housing finance system, including how long FNMA will continue to exist in its current form, the extent of its role in the market, how long it will be in conservatorship, what form it will have and what ownership interest, if any, current common and preferred stockholders will hold after the conservatorship is terminated, and whether FNMA will continue to exist following conservatorship. FHLMC faces similar uncertainty about its future role. If FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations related to senior preferred stock. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause

Fund losses. FNMA and FHLMC also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities. Importantly, the future of the entities is in question as the U.S. government considers multiple options regarding the future of FNMA and FHLMC.

Under the direction of the FHFA, FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market. FNMA and FHLMC began issuing uniform mortgage-backed security in June 2019, and while the initial effects of the issuance of uniform mortgage-backed securities on the market for mortgage-related securities have been relatively minimal, the long-term effects are still uncertain.

Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements and from sales of personal property. Regular payments received on asset-backed securities include both interest and principal. Asset-backed securities typically have no U.S. Government backing. Additionally, the ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying assets may be limited.

If a Fund purchases a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security at a premium, the premium may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. Although the value of a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages and loans underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. When interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return. In addition, while the trading market for short-term mortgages and asset-backed securities is ordinarily quite liquid, in times of financial stress the trading market for these securities may become restricted.

CMBS and RMBS generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related mortgage-backed securities because there are no direct or indirect government or government agency guarantees of payment. The risk of loss due to default on CMBS and RMBS is historically higher because neither the U.S. government nor an agency or instrumentality have guaranteed them. CMBS and RMBS whose underlying assets are neither U.S. government securities nor U.S. government insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, may also be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of property owners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages. Non-government mortgage-backed securities are generally subject to greater price volatility than those issued, guaranteed or sponsored by government entities because of the greater risk of default in adverse market conditions. Where a guarantee is provided by a private guarantor, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of such guarantor, especially when the guarantor doubles as the originator.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. A CMO is a type of mortgage-backed security that creates separate classes with varying maturities and interest rates, called tranches. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are

more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.

CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different fixed or floating interest rate and stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.

In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (issuer) issues multiple series (i.e., Series A, B, C and Z) of CMO bonds (Bonds). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (Collateral). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the following order: Series A, B, C and Z. The Series A, B, and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on a Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond is currently being paid off. Only after the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full does the Series Z Bond begin to receive payment. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.

CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by any of its agencies or instrumentalities will be considered U.S. government securities by the Funds, while other CMOs, even if collateralized by U.S. government securities, will have the same status as other privately issued securities for purposes of applying the Funds' diversification tests.

FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates which are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Payments of principal and interest on the FHLMC CMOs are made semiannually. The amount of principal payable on each semiannual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which, in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the FHLMC CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the FHLMC CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the FHLMC CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date. If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet the FHLMC CMO’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.

Classes of CMOs may also include interest only securities (IOs) and principal only securities (POs). IOs and POs are stripped mortgage-backed securities representing interests in a pool of mortgages the cash flow from which has been separated into interest and principal components. IOs receive the interest portion of the cash flow while POs receive the principal portion. IOs and POs can be extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise and fall, the value of IOs tends to move in the same direction as interest rates. POs perform best when prepayments on the underlying mortgages rise since this increases the rate at which the investment is returned and the yield to maturity on the PO. When payments on mortgages underlying a PO are slow, the life of the PO is lengthened and the yield to maturity is reduced.

CMOs are generally subject to the same risks as mortgage-backed securities. In addition, CMOs may be subject to credit risk because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations and a Fund may not receive all or part of its principal. Obligations issued by U.S. government-related entities are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.

government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions. Although GNMA guarantees timely payment of GNMA certificates even if homeowners delay or default, tracking the “pass-through” payments may, at times, be difficult.

Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs). REMICs are pools of mortgage loans in which the interest and principal payments from mortgages are structured into separately traded securities. REMICs meet certain qualifications under the Internal Revenue Code that allow them to be exempt from taxation at the entity level, although the income from a REMIC is taxable to investors. REMICs may invest only in “qualified mortgages” and “permitted investments.” Qualified mortgages include single family or multifamily mortgages, commercial mortgages, second mortgages, second mortgages, mortgage participations, and federal agency pass-through securities. Permitted investments include cash flow investments, qualified reserve assets, and foreclosure property. If a REMIC loses its exempt tax status, it is permanently lost.

REMICs issue pass-through certificates, multiclass bonds or other securities to investors. The different classes of interests in a REMIC may have different maturities and different risks. REMIC interests are structured in classes of “regular interests” and a single “residual interest” class. REMICs may have any number of classes of regular interests with different servicing priorities and varying maturity dates. The different classes are assigned a coupon (fixed, floating, or zero interest rate) and include other terms regarding payments to the investors.

REMICs are subject to the market risks of mortgage related securities. In addition, the allowable activities for REMICs are generally limited to holding a fixed pool of mortgages and distributing payments currently to investors and transactions that are considered to be prohibited activities are subject to a penalty tax of 100%. REMICs have no minimum equity requirements and REMICs may sell all of their assets without retaining any to meet collateralization requirements.

Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs). A CDO is a security backed by a pool of bonds, loans and other debt obligations. CDOs are not limited to investing in one type of debt and accordingly, a CDO may own corporate bonds, commercial loans, asset-backed securities, residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and emerging market debt. The CDO’s securities are typically divided into several classes, or bond tranches, that have differing levels of investment grade or credit tolerances. Most CDO issues are structured in a way that enables the senior bond classes and mezzanine classes to receive investment-grade credit ratings. Credit risk is shifted to the most junior class of securities. If any defaults occur in the assets backing a CDO, the senior bond classes are first in line to receive principal and interest payments, followed by the mezzanine classes and finally by the lowest rated (or non-rated) class, which is known as the equity tranche. Similar in structure to a collateralized mortgage obligation (described above) CDOs are unique in that they represent different types of debt and credit risk.

Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs). CLOs are debt instruments backed solely by a pool of other debt securities. The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CLO in which a Fund invests. Some CLOs have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold (that is, they are not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid investments; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal interest rate, default and other risks of fixed income securities, CLOs carry additional risks, including the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default a Fund may invest in CLOs that are subordinate to other classes, values may be volatile, and disputes with the issuer may produce unexpected investment results.

Credit Linked Notes (CLNs). A CLN is a security structured and issued by an issuer, which may be a bank, broker or special purpose vehicle. If a CLN is issued by a special purpose vehicle, the special purpose vehicle will typically be collateralized by AAA-rated securities, but some CLNs are not collateralized. The performance and payment of principal and interest is tied to that of a reference obligation which may be a particular security, basket of securities, credit default swap, basket of credit default swaps, or index. The

reference obligation may be denominated in foreign currencies. Risks of CLNs include those risks associated with the underlying reference obligation including, but not limited to, market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, default risk and foreign currency risk. In the case of a CLN created with credit default swaps, the structure will be “funded” such that the par amount of the security will represent the maximum loss that could be incurred on the investment and no leverage is introduced. An investor in a CLN also bears counterparty risk or the risk that the issuer of the CLN will default or become bankrupt and not make timely payments of principal and interest on the structured security. Should the issuer default or declare bankruptcy, the CLN holder may not receive any compensation. In return for these risks, the CLN holder receives a higher yield. As with most derivative instruments, valuation of a CLN may be difficult due to the complexity of the security.

Bank Instruments. Bank instruments are unsecured interest bearing bank deposits. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, certificates of deposit, time deposits, and banker’s acceptances from U.S. or foreign banks, as well as Eurodollar certificates of deposit (Eurodollar CDs) and Eurodollar time deposits of foreign branches of domestic banks. Some certificates of deposit are negotiable interest-bearing instruments with a specific maturity issued by banks and savings and loan institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds, and can typically be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Other certificates of deposit, like time deposits, are non-negotiable receipts issued by a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds which earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in the secondary market. A banker’s acceptance is a bill of exchange or time draft drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank.

An investment in Eurodollar CDs or Eurodollar time deposits may involve some of the same risks that are described for Foreign Securities.

Commercial Instruments. Commercial instruments include commercial paper, master notes and other short-term corporate instruments, that are denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies.

Commercial instruments are a type of instrument issued by large banks and corporations to raise money to meet their short-term debt obligations, and are only backed by the issuing bank or corporation’s promise to pay the face amount on the maturity date specified on the note. Commercial paper consists of short-term promissory notes issued by corporations. Commercial paper may be traded in the secondary market after its issuance. Master notes are demand notes that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts of money at varying rates of interest pursuant to arrangements with issuers who meet certain credit quality criteria. The interest rate on a master note may fluctuate based on changes in specified interest rates or may be reset periodically according to a prescribed formula or may be a set rate. Although there is no secondary market in master notes, if such notes have a demand feature, the payee may demand payment of the principal amount of the note upon relatively short notice. Master notes are generally illiquid and therefore typically subject to the Funds' percentage limitations for investments in illiquid investments. Commercial instruments may not be registered with the SEC.

Invesco Global Allocation Fund and Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund do not currently intend to invest more than 5% of its total assets in master notes. The Funds have no limitations on the type of issuer from whom these notes will be purchased.

Commercial Paper. Commercial paper is short-term unsecured, promissory notes of domestic or foreign companies that is rated in the three top rating categories of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

Synthetic Municipal Instruments. Synthetic municipal instruments are instruments, the value of and return on which are derived from underlying securities. Synthetic municipal instruments in which the Funds may invest include tender option bonds, and fixed or variable rate trust certificates. These types of instruments involve the deposit into a trust or custodial account of one or more long-term tax-exempt bonds or notes (Underlying Bonds), and the sale of certificates evidencing interests in the trust or custodial account to investors such as the Funds. The trustee or custodian receives the long-term fixed rate interest payments on the Underlying Bonds, and pays certificate holders fixed rates or short-term floating or variable interest rates which are reset periodically. A “tender option bond” provides a certificate holder with the conditional right to

sell its certificate to the sponsor or some designated third party at specified intervals and receive the par value of the certificate plus accrued interest (a demand feature). A "fixed rate trust certificate" evidences an interest in a trust entitling a certificate holder to fixed future interest and/or principal payments on the Underlying Bonds. A “variable rate trust certificate” evidences an interest in a trust entitling the certificate holder to receive variable rate interest based on prevailing short-term interest rates and also typically provides the certificate holder with the conditional demand feature (the right to tender its certificate at par value plus accrued interest under certain conditions).

All synthetic municipal instruments must meet the minimum quality standards for the Funds' investments and must present minimal credit risks. In selecting synthetic municipal instruments for the Funds, Invesco considers the creditworthiness of the issuer of the Underlying Bond, the sponsor and the party providing certificate holders with a conditional right to sell their certificates at stated times and prices (a demand feature).

Typically, a certificate holder cannot exercise the demand feature until the occurrence of certain conditions, such as where the issuer of the Underlying Bond defaults on interest payments. Moreover, because synthetic municipal instruments involve a trust or custodial account and a third party conditional demand feature, they involve complexities and potential risks that may not be present where a municipal security is owned directly.

The tax-exempt character of the interest paid to certificate holders is based on the assumption that the holders have an ownership interest in the Underlying Bonds; however, the IRS has not issued a ruling addressing this issue. In the event the IRS issues an adverse ruling or successfully litigates this issue, it is possible that the interest paid to the Funds on certain synthetic municipal instruments would be deemed to be taxable. The Funds rely on opinions of special tax counsel on this ownership question and opinions of bond counsel regarding the tax-exempt character of interest paid on the Underlying Bonds.

Municipal Securities. Municipal Securities are typically debt obligations of states, territories or possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel or other counsel to the issuers of such securities, is, at the time of issuance, exempt from federal income tax. The issuers of municipal securities obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, highways, bridges, schools, hospitals, housing, mass transportation, streets and water and sewer works. Other public purposes for which municipal securities may be issued include refunding outstanding obligations, obtaining funds for general operating expenses and obtaining funds to lend to other public institutions and facilities.

Certain types of municipal securities are issued to obtain funding for privately operated facilities. The credit and quality of private activity debt securities are dependent on the private facility or user, who is responsible for the interest payment and principal repayment.

The two major classifications of Municipal Securities are bonds and notes. Municipal bonds are municipal debt obligations in which the issuer is obligated to repay the original (or “principal”) payment amount on a certain maturity date along with interest. A municipal bond’s maturity date (the date when the issuer of the bond repays the principal) may be years in the future. Short-term bonds mature in one to three years, while long-term bonds usually do not mature for more than a decade. Notes are short-term instruments which usually mature in less than two years. Most notes are general obligations of the issuing municipalities or agencies and are sold in anticipation of a bond sale, collection of taxes or receipt of other revenues. Municipal notes also include tax, revenue notes and revenue and bond anticipation notes (discussed more fully below) of short maturity, generally less than three years, which are issued to obtain temporary funds for various public purposes.

Municipal debt securities may also be classified as general obligation or revenue obligations (or "special delegation securities"). General obligation securities are secured by the issuer's pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.

Revenue debt obligations, such as revenue bonds and revenue notes, are usually payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source but not from the general taxing power. The principal and interest payments for industrial development bonds or pollution control bonds are often the sole responsibility of the industrial user and therefore may not be backed by the taxing power of the issuing municipality. The interest paid on such bonds may be exempt from federal income tax, although current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the purposes and size of such issues. Such obligations are considered to be Municipal Securities provided that the interest paid thereon, in the opinion of bond counsel, qualifies as exempt from federal income tax. However, interest on municipal securities may give rise to a federal alternative minimum tax (AMT) liability for noncorporate taxpayers and may have other collateral federal income tax consequences. There is a risk that some or all of the interest received by the Fund from tax-exempt municipal securities might become taxable as a result of tax law changes or determinations of the IRS.

Another type of revenue obligations is pre-refunded bonds, which are typically issued to refinance debt. In other words, pre-refunded bonds result from the advance refunding of bonds that are not currently redeemable. The proceeds from the issue of the lower yield and/or longer maturing pre-refunding bond will usually be used to purchase U.S. government obligations, such as U.S. Treasury securities, which are held in an escrow account and used to pay interest and principal payments until the scheduled call date of the original bond issue occurs. Like other fixed income securities, pre-refunded bonds are subject to interest rate, market, credit, and reinvestment risks. However, because pre-refunded bonds are generally collateralized with U.S. government obligations, such pre-refunded bonds have essentially the same risks of default as an AAA-rated security. The Fund will treat such pre-refunded securities as investment-grade securities, notwithstanding the fact that the issuer of such securities may have a lower rating (such as a below-investment-grade rating) from one or more rating agencies.

Within these principal classifications of municipal securities, there are a variety of types of municipal securities, including but not limited to, fixed and variable rate securities, variable rate demand notes, municipal leases, custodial receipts, participation certificates, inverse floating rate securities, and derivative municipal securities.

After purchase by a Fund, an issue of Municipal Securities may cease to be rated by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. (Moody's) or S&P Global Ratings Services (S&P), or another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO), or the rating of such a security may be reduced below the minimum credit quality rating required for purchase by the Fund. Neither event would require a Fund to dispose of the security. To the extent that the ratings applied by Moody’s, S&P or another NRSRO to Municipal Securities may change as a result of changes in these rating systems, a Fund will attempt to use comparable credit quality ratings as standards for its investments in Municipal Securities.

The yields on Municipal Securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, money market factors, conditions of the Municipal Securities market, size of a particular offering, and maturity and rating of the obligation. Because many Municipal Securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those related to education, health care, transportation and various utilities, conditions in those sectors and the financial condition of an individual municipal issuer can affect the overall municipal market. The market values of the Municipal Securities held by a Fund will be affected by changes in the yields available on similar securities. If yields increase following the purchase of a Municipal Security, the market value of such Municipal Security will generally decrease. Conversely, if yields decrease, the market value of a Municipal Security will generally increase. The ratings of S&P and Moody’s represent their opinions of the quality of the municipal securities they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while municipal securities of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.

Certain of the municipal securities in which the Funds may invest represent relatively recent innovations in the municipal securities markets and the markets for such securities may be less developed than the market for conventional fixed rate municipal securities.

Under normal market conditions, longer-term municipal securities generally provide a higher yield than shorter-term municipal securities. The Funds have no limitation as to the maturity of municipal securities in which they may invest. The Adviser may adjust the average maturity of a Fund’s portfolio from time to time depending on its assessment of the relative yields available on securities of different maturities and its expectations of future changes in interest rates.

The net asset value of a Fund will change with changes in the value of its portfolio securities. With fixed income municipal securities, the net asset value of a Fund can be expected to change as general levels of interest rates fluctuate. When interest rates decline, the value of a portfolio invested in fixed income securities generally can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a portfolio invested in fixed income securities generally can be expected to decline. The prices of longer term municipal securities generally are more volatile with respect to changes in interest rates than the prices of shorter term municipal securities. Volatility may be greater during periods of general economic uncertainty.

Municipal Securities, like other debt obligations, are subject to the credit risk of nonpayment. The ability of issuers of municipal securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such nonpayment would result in a reduction of income to a Fund, and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal securities experiencing nonpayment and a potential decrease in the net asset value of the Fund. In addition, a Fund may incur expenses to work out or restructure a distressed or defaulted security.

The Funds may invest in Municipal Securities with credit enhancements such as letters of credit and municipal bond insurance. The Funds may invest in Municipal Securities that are insured by financial insurance companies. Since a limited number of entities provide such insurance, a Fund may invest more than 25% of its assets in securities insured by the same insurance company. If a Fund invests in Municipal Securities backed by insurance companies and other financial institutions, changes in the financial condition of these institutions could cause losses to the Fund and affect share price. Letters of credit are issued by a third party, usually a bank, to enhance liquidity and ensure repayment of principal and any accrued interest if the underlying Municipal Bond should default. These credit enhancements do not guarantee payments or repayments on the Municipal Securities and a downgrade in the credit enhancer could affect the value of the Municipal Security.

If the IRS determines that an issuer of a Municipal Security has not complied with applicable tax requirements, interest from the security could be treated as taxable, which could result in a decline in the security’s value. In addition, there could be changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on Municipal Securities or otherwise adversely affect the current federal or state tax status of Municipal Securities. For example, 2017 legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act repeals the exclusion from gross income for interest on pre-refunded municipal securities effective for such bonds issued after December 31, 2017.

Taxable municipal securities are debt securities issued by or on behalf of states and their political subdivisions, the District of Columbia, and possessions of the United States, the interest on which is not exempt from federal income tax. Taxable investments include, for example, hedging instruments, repurchase agreements, and many of the types of securities the Fund would buy for temporary defensive purposes.

At times, in connection with the restructuring of a municipal bond issuer either outside of bankruptcy court in a negotiated workout or in the context of bankruptcy proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept equity or taxable debt securities, or the underlying collateral (which may include real estate or loans) from the issuer in exchange for all or a portion of the Fund’s holdings in the municipal security. Although the Adviser will attempt to sell those assets as soon as reasonably practicable in most cases, depending upon, among other things, the Adviser’s valuation of the potential value of such assets in relation to the price that

could be obtained by the Fund at any given time upon sale thereof, the Fund may determine to hold such securities or assets in its portfolio for limited period of time in order to liquidate the assets in a manner that maximizes their value to the Fund.

Municipal Securities also include the following securities:

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Bond Anticipation Notes usually are general obligations of state and local governmental issuers which are sold to obtain interim financing for projects that will eventually be funded through the sale of long-term debt obligations or bonds.

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Revenue Anticipation Debt Securities, including bonds, notes, and certificates, are issued by governments or governmental bodies with the expectation that future revenues from a designated source will be used to repay the securities. In general, they also constitute general obligations of the issuer.

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Tax Anticipation Notes are issued by state and local governments to finance the current operations of such governments. Repayment is generally to be derived from specific future tax revenues.

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Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (Municipal Paper) is similar to taxable commercial paper, except that tax-exempt commercial paper is issued by states, municipalities and their agencies.

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Tax-Exempt Mandatory Paydown Securities (TEMPS) are fixed rate term bonds carrying a short-term maturity, usually three to four years beyond the expected redemption. TEMPS are structured as bullet repayments, with required optional redemptions as entrance fees are collected.

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Zero Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Securities do not immediately produce cash income. These securities are issued at an original issue discount, with the full value, including accrued interest, paid at maturity. Interest income may be reportable annually, even though no annual payments are made. Market prices of zero coupon bonds tend to be more volatile than bonds that pay interest regularly. Pay-in-kind securities are securities that have interest payable by delivery of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities. Zero coupon and pay-in-kind securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities paying cash interest at regular interest payment periods. Prices on non-cash-paying instruments may be more sensitive to changes in the issuer’s financial condition, fluctuation in interest rates and market demand/supply imbalances than cash-paying securities with similar credit ratings, and thus may be more speculative. Special tax considerations are associated with investing in certain lower-grade securities, such as zero coupon or pay-in-kind securities.

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Capital Appreciation Bonds are municipal securities in which the investment return on the initial principal payment is reinvested at a compounded rate until the bond matures. The principal and interest are due on maturity. Thus, like zero coupon securities, investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks.

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Payments in lieu of taxes (also known as PILOTs) are voluntary payments by, for instance the U.S. government or nonprofits, to local governments that help offset losses in or otherwise serve as a substitute for property taxes.

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Converted Auction Rate Securities (CARS) are a structure that combines the debt service deferral feature of Capital Appreciation Bonds (CABS) with Auction Rate Securities. The CARS pay no debt service until a specific date, then they incrementally convert to conventional Auction Rate Securities. At each conversion date the issuer has the ability to call and pay down any amount of the CARS.

Some bonds may be “callable,” allowing the issuer to redeem them before their maturity date. To protect bondholders, callable bonds may be issued with provisions that prevent them from being called for a period of time. Typically, that is 5 to 10 years from the issuance date. When interest rates decline, if the call protection on a bond has expired, it is more likely that the issuer may call the bond. If that occurs, the Fund

might have to reinvest the proceeds of the called bond in investments that pay a lower rate of return, which could reduce the Fund’s yield.

Inverse Floating Rate Obligations. Inverse floating rate obligations are variable rate debt instruments that pay interest at rates that move in the opposite direction of prevailing interest rates. Because the interest rate paid to holders of such obligations is generally determined by subtracting a variable or floating rate from a predetermined fixed rate, the interest rate paid to holders of such obligations will decrease as such variable or floating rate increases and increase as such variable or floating rate decreases. The inverse floating rate obligations in which a Fund may invest include residual interest bonds, tender option bonds (TOBs) or municipal bond trust certificates. Such instruments are typically created by a special purpose trust (the TOB Trust) that holds long-term fixed rate bonds, which are sold by a Fund to the TOB Trust (the “underlying security”), and that in turns sells two classes of beneficial interests: short-term floating rate interests, which are sold to or held by third party investors (Floaters), and inverse floating residual interests, which are purchased by the Funds (Residuals). The Floaters have first priority on the cash flow from the underlying security held by the TOB Trust, have a tender option feature that allows holders to tender the Floaters back to the TOB Trust for their par value at specified intervals and bear interest at prevailing short-term interest rates. A Fund (as holder of the Residuals) is paid the residual cash flow from the bonds held by the TOB Trust. As such, the Residuals provide the Fund with leveraged exposure to the underlying security. Like most other fixed-income securities, the value of Residuals will decrease as interest rates increase. They are more volatile, however, than most other fixed-income securities because the value of a Residual typically changes at a multiple of the change in the value of the underlying security. Thus, any increase in interest rates causes a correspondingly greater drop in the value of a Residual while a drop in interest rates causes a correspondingly greater increase in the value of a Residual. Inverse floating rate obligations tend to underperform the market for fixed rate bonds in a rising interest rate environment, but tend to outperform the market for fixed rate bonds when interest rates decline or remain relatively stable. Inverse floating rate obligations have varying degrees of liquidity.

The primary risks associated with Residuals are varying degrees of liquidity and decreases in the value of such securities in response to changes in interest rates to a greater extent than fixed rate securities having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity, which may cause the Fund’s net asset value to be more volatile than if it had not invested in the Residuals. In certain instances, the Floaters created by the TOB Trust may not be able to be sold to third parties or, in the case of holders tendering such Floaters for repayment of principal, may not be able to be remarketed to third parties. In such cases, the TOB Trust may be collapsed, with the underlying security (or a portion thereof) sold by the TOB Trust to pay such holders, and the Fund may be required to repay the principal amount of the tendered Floaters not fully redeemed by the liquidation proceeds (which may require the Fund to sell other portfolio holdings to raise cash to meet that obligation). The Fund could therefore be required to sell other portfolio holdings at a disadvantageous time or price to raise cash to meet this obligation, which risk will be heightened during times of market volatility, illiquidity or uncertainty. The embedded leverage in the TOB Trust could cause a Fund to lose more money than the amount it has invested in the Residual, and greater levels of leverage create the potential for greater losses. In addition, a Fund may enter into reimbursement agreements with the liquidity provider of certain TOB transactions in connection with certain Residuals held by the Fund. These agreements commit a Fund to reimburse the liquidity provider to the extent that the liquidity provider must provide cash to a TOB Trust, including following the collapse of a TOB Trust resulting from a mandatory tender event. The reimbursement agreement will effectively make the Fund liable for the amount of the negative difference, if any, between the liquidation value of the underlying security and the purchase price of the Floaters issued by the TOB Trust.

Final rules implementing section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Volcker Rule”) prohibit banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading of certain instruments and limit such entities’ investments in, and relationships with, “covered funds”, as defined in the rules. These rules preclude banking entities and their affiliates from sponsoring and/or providing certain services to TOB Trusts, which constitute covered funds under the Volcker Rule. A new TOB structure is being utilized by a Fund wherein the Fund, as holder of the Residuals, will perform certain duties previously performed by banking entities as “sponsors” of TOB Trusts. These duties may alternatively be performed by a non-bank third-party

service provider. A Fund’s expanded role under the new TOB structure may increase its operational and regulatory risk. The new structure is substantially similar to the previous structure; however, pursuant to the Volcker Rule, the remarketing agent would not be able to repurchase tendered Floaters for its own account upon a failed remarketing. In the event of a failed remarketing, a banking entity serving as liquidity provider may loan the necessary funds to the TOB Trust to purchase the tendered Floaters. The TOB Trust, not a Fund, would be the borrower and the loan from the liquidity provider will be secured by the purchased floaters now held by the TOB Trust. However, as previously described, a Fund would bear the risk of loss with respect to any liquidity shortfall to the extent it entered into a reimbursement agreement with the liquidity provider.

Further, the SEC and various banking agencies have adopted rules implementing credit risk retention requirements for asset-backed securities (the Risk Retention Rules), which apply to TOB Trusts. The Risk Retention Rules require the sponsor of a TOB Trust, which is deemed to be the Fund, to retain at least 5% of the credit risk of the underlying security held by the TOB Trust. As applicable, the Funds have adopted policies intended to comply with the Risk Retention Rules. The Risk Retention Rules may adversely affect the Funds' ability to engage in TOB Trust transactions or increase the costs of such transactions in certain circumstances.

There can be no assurances that the new TOB structure will continue to be a viable form of leverage. Further, there can be no assurances that alternative forms of leverage will be available to the Fund in order to maintain current levels of leverage. Any alternative forms of leverage may be less advantageous to a Fund, and may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value, distribution rate and ability to achieve its investment objective.

Municipal Lease Obligations. Municipal lease obligations are issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of land, equipment and facilities, such as state and municipal vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment, and other capital assets. Municipal lease obligations, another type of Municipal Security, may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract. Interest payments on qualifying municipal lease obligations are generally exempt from federal income taxes.

Municipal lease obligations are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds. State laws set forth requirements that states or municipalities must meet in order to issue municipal obligations, and such obligations may contain a covenant by the issuer to budget for, appropriate, and make payments due under the obligation. However, certain municipal lease obligations may contain "non-appropriation" clauses which provide that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. If not enough money is appropriated to make the lease payments, the leased property may be repossessed as security for holders of the municipal lease obligation. In such an event, there is no assurance that the property's private sector or re-leasing value will be enough to make all outstanding payments on the municipal lease obligation or that the payments will continue to be tax-free. Additionally, it may be difficult to dispose of the underlying capital asset in the event of non-appropriation or other default. Direct investments by the Fund in municipal lease obligations may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds' percentage limitations for illiquid investments and the risks of holding illiquid investments.

Municipal Forward Contracts. A municipal forward contract is an agreement by a Fund to purchase a Municipal Security on a when-issued basis with a longer-than-standard settlement period, in some cases with the settlement date taking place up to five years from the date of purchase. Municipal forward contracts typically carry a substantial yield premium to compensate the buyer for the risks associated with a long when-issued period, including shifts in market interest rates that could materially impact the principal value of the bond, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer, loss of alternative investment options during the when-issued period and failure of the issuer to complete various steps required to issue the bonds.

Municipal Market Data Rate Locks. A Municipal Market Data Rate Lock (MMD Rate Lock) permits a Fund to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. MMD Rate Locks may be used for hedging

purposes. An MMD Rate Lock is an agreement between two parties, a Fund and an MMD Rate Lock provider, pursuant to which the parties agree to make payments to each other on a notional amount, contingent upon whether the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above or below a specified level on the expiration date of the contract.

MMD Rate Locks involve the risk that municipal yields will move in the direction opposite than the direction anticipated by a Fund. The risk of loss with respect to MMD Rate Locks is limited to the amount of payments a Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an MMD Rate Lock defaults, a Fund's risk of loss consists of the amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive. If there is a default by the counterparty, a Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, but they could be difficult to enforce.

Investment Grade Debt Obligations. Each Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations or U.S. commercial banks, U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign issuers or debt obligations of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies. Debt obligations include, among others, bonds, notes, debentures and variable rate demand notes. They may be U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations or U.S. commercial banks, U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign issuers or debt obligations of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies.

The Adviser considers investment grade securities to include: (i) securities rated BBB- or higher by S&P or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s or an equivalent rating by another NRSRO, (ii) short-term securities with comparable NRSRO ratings, or (iii) unrated securities determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality, each at the time of purchase. The descriptions of debt securities ratings are found in Appendix A.

In choosing corporate debt securities on behalf of a Fund, portfolio managers may consider:

general economic and financial conditions;

ii.

the specific issuer’s (a) business and management, (b) cash flow, (c) earnings coverage of interest and dividends, (d) ability to operate under adverse economic conditions, (e) fair market value of assets, and (f) in the case of foreign issuers, unique political, economic or social conditions applicable to such issuer’s country; and,

iii.

other considerations deemed appropriate.

Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, prepayment risk, inflation risk, credit risk, currency risk and default risk.

Non-Investment Grade Debt Obligations (Junk Bonds). Each Fund, other than Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund and Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund, may invest in lower-rated or non-rated debt securities commonly known as junk bonds. Invesco Developing Markets Fund and Invesco Health Care Fund may invest up to 5% of their total assets in junk bonds, including junk bonds of companies located in developing countries. Bonds rated below or determined to be below investment grade (as defined above in “Investment Grade Debt Obligations”) are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Analysis of the creditworthiness of junk bond issuers is more complex than that of investment-grade issuers and the success of a Fund’s adviser in managing these decisions is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade bonds.

The capacity of junk bonds to pay interest and repay principal is considered speculative. While junk bonds may provide an opportunity for greater income and gains, they are subject to greater risks than higher-rated debt securities. The prices of and yields on junk bonds may fluctuate to a greater extent than those of higher-rated debt securities. Junk bonds are generally more sensitive to individual issuer developments, economic conditions and regulatory changes than higher-rated bonds. Issuers of junk bonds are often smaller, less-seasoned companies or companies that are highly leveraged with more traditional methods of financing unavailable to them. Junk bonds are generally at a higher risk of default because such issues are often unsecured or otherwise subordinated to claims of the issuer’s other creditors. If a junk bond issuer defaults, a

Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. The secondary markets in which junk bonds are traded may be thin and less liquid than the market for higher-rated debt securities and a Fund may have difficulty selling certain junk bonds at the desired time and price. Less liquidity in secondary trading markets could adversely affect the price at which a Fund could sell a particular junk bond, and could cause large fluctuations in the net asset value of that Fund’s shares. The lack of a liquid secondary market may also make it more difficult for a Fund to obtain accurate market quotations in valuing junk bond assets and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation.

Interest Rate Benchmarks for Floating Rate Loans. Interest rates on floating rate loans adjust periodically based on a benchmark rate plus a premium or spread over the benchmark rate. The benchmark rate usually is the Prime Rate, LIBOR, the Federal Reserve federal funds rate, or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders (each as defined in the applicable loan agreement). See “LIBOR Transition Risk” for more information regarding LIBOR.

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The Prime Rate quoted by a major U.S. bank is generally the interest rate at which that bank is willing to lend U.S. dollars to its most creditworthy borrowers, although it may not be the bank’s lowest available rate.

•

LIBOR usually is an average of the interest rates quoted by several designated banks as the rates at which they pay interest to major depositors in the London interbank market on deposits in a particular currency. For U.S. dollar-denominated senior loans, any applicable LIBOR rate for senior loans would be in respect of U.S. dollar deposits. The market views changes in short-term LIBOR rates as closely related to changes in the Federal Reserve federal funds rate, although the two are not officially related.

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The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the intended replacement to USD LIBOR and foreign regulators have proposed other interbank offered rates, such as the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) and other replacement rates, which could also be adopted.

•

The Federal Reserve federal funds rate is the rate that the Federal Reserve Bank charges member banks for borrowing money.

The interest rate on Prime Rate-based loans floats daily as the Prime Rate changes, while the interest rate on LIBOR based loans is reset periodically, typically between 30 days and one year. Quarterly interest periods are most common for floating rate loans in which a Fund invests. Certain floating or variable rate loans may permit the borrower to select an interest rate reset period of up to one year (although interest periods longer than six months will often require lender consent). Investing in loans with longer interest rate reset periods or fixed interest rates may increase fluctuations in a Fund’s net asset value as a result of changes in market interest rates: falling short-term floating interest rates tend to decrease the income payable to a Fund on its floating rate loan investments, and rising short-term floating interest rates tend to increase that income. However, a Fund may attempt to hedge its fixed rate loans against interest rate fluctuations by entering into interest rate swaps or total return swap transactions. Nevertheless, changes in interest rates can affect the value of a Fund’s floating rate loans, especially if rates change sharply in a short period, because the resets of the interest rates on the underlying portfolio of floating rate loans occur periodically and will not all happen simultaneously with changes in prevailing rates.

Floating rate loans are generally structured so that borrowers pay higher margins when they elect LIBOR-based borrower options. This permits lenders to obtain generally consistent yields on floating rate loans, regardless of whether borrowers select the LIBOR-based options or the Prime-based option. In market conditions where the differential between the lower LIBOR base rates and the higher Prime Rate base rates prevailing in the commercial bank markets has widened to the point that the higher margins paid by borrowers for LIBOR based pricing options do not compensate for the differential between the Prime Rate and the LIBOR base rates, borrowers may select the LIBOR-based pricing option, resulting in a yield on floating rate loans that is consistently lower than the yield available from the Prime Rate-based pricing option. In sustained periods of such market conditions, this tendency will significantly limit the ability of a Fund to achieve a net

return to shareholders that consistently approximates the average published Prime Rate of leading U.S. banks. The Sub-Adviser cannot predict the occurrence of these conditions nor their duration in the event they do occur.

In addition, in market conditions where short term interest rates are particularly low, certain floating rate loans may be issued with a feature that prevents the relevant benchmark rate from adjusting below a specified minimum level. This is achieved by defining a “floor” to the benchmark rate, so that if downward market movements of the benchmark rate would, absent this feature, cause the benchmark rate to fall below the floor, with this feature, the benchmark rates of these floating rate loans become fixed at the applicable minimum floor level until short term interest rates (and therefore the benchmark rate) rise above that level. Although this feature is intended to result in these floating rate loans yielding more than they otherwise would when short term interest rates are low, the feature might also result in the secondary market prices of these floating rate loans becoming more sensitive to changes in interest rates should short term interest rates rise.

A Fund may invest in loans having a fixed rate of interest, however it is unlikely to do so given fixed rate loans are uncommon in the loan market generally.

Prepayment Risk and Loans. Loans typically have mandatory and optional prepayment provisions. Because of prepayments, the actual remaining maturity of a loan may be considerably less than its stated maturity. The reinvestment by a Fund of the proceeds of prepaid loans could result in a reduction of income to a Fund in falling interest rate environments. Prepayment penalty fees that may be assessed in some cases may help offset the loss of income to a Fund in those cases.

Subordination. Senior loans generally hold the most senior position in a borrower’s capital structure. Borrowers generally are required contractually to pay the holders of senior loans before they pay the holders of corporate bonds or subordinated debt and preferred or common stockholders. Lenders obtain priority liens that typically provide the first right to cash flows or proceeds from the sale of a borrower’s collateral, if any, if the borrower becomes insolvent. That right is subject to the limitations of bankruptcy law, which may provide higher priority to certain other claims such as, for example, employee salaries, employee pensions and taxes. Senior loans are subject to the risk that a court could subordinate a senior loan to presently existing or future indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of senior loans.

Lien Position. Loans that are collateralized may have multiple lenders or other creditors that take different lien positions. This means that if the borrower defaults on its obligations under the loan and the loan creditors enforce their security interest or if the borrower becomes bankrupt, the secured claims of the creditors in the first lien position will be satisfied prior to the secured claims of the creditors in the second lien position. If the cash flow and assets of the borrower are insufficient to satisfy both the first lien loans and the second lien loans in full, the creditors in the second lien position may not be satisfied in full. Intercreditor arrangements that are often present where a loan has first and second lien positions typically include ‘standstill’ provisions whereby the enforcement rights of second lien creditors are restricted in favor of the first lien creditors’ rights and give the first lien creditors the right to accept or reject any restructuring plans in the event of the default or insolvency of the borrower. If a loan has first and second lien positions, typically a Fund will invest in the first lien position; however, it may invest in the second lien position. Second lien positions generally pay a higher margin than first lien positions to compensate second lien creditors for the greater risk they assume.

Collateral. Loans, like other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of the borrower’s non-payment of scheduled interest and/or principal. While certain of a Fund’s investments in loans may be secured by collateral that the investment adviser believes to be equal to or in excess of the principal amount of the loan at the time of investment, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of such collateral, if any, would satisfy the borrower’s obligations in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that the collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of a borrower’s bankruptcy, a Fund could experience delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of collateral securing a loan.

For the loans in which a Fund invests that are secured by collateral, that collateral may include the borrower’s tangible assets, such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory, real estate, buildings and

equipment, common and/or preferred stock of subsidiaries, and intangible assets including trademarks, copyrights, patent rights and franchise value. A Fund may also receive guarantees or other credit support as a form of security. A loan agreement may or may not require the borrower to pledge additional collateral to secure a loan if the value of the initial collateral declines, or if additional assets are acquired by the borrower. Collateral may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of those assets would satisfy in full a borrower’s obligations under a loan. If the collateral consists of stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates, the stock may lose all of its value in the event of a bankruptcy, which would leave a Fund exposed to greater potential loss.

Generally, the Agent for a particular loan is responsible for monitoring collateral and for exercising remedies available to the Lenders such as foreclosure upon collateral in the event of the borrower’s default. However, the Agent will usually only be liable for its gross negligence or willful misconduct, and not for ordinary negligence. In certain circumstances, the loan agreement may authorize the Agent to liquidate the collateral and to distribute the liquidation proceeds pro rata among the lenders. A Fund may also invest in loans that are not secured by collateral. Unsecured loans involve additional risk because the lenders are general unsecured creditors of the borrower and any secured creditors may have prior rights of recourse to the assets of the borrower, and the assets of the borrower may be insufficient to satisfy in full all obligations owed to its creditors.

Loans, Loan Participations and Assignments. Loans and loan participations are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental or other borrowers to another party. They may represent amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates, to suppliers of goods or services, or to other parties. A Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing participations, a Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and a Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, the Fund's rights to consent to modifications of the loan are limited and it is dependent upon the participating lender to enforce the Fund's rights upon a default. As a result, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of the borrower, the lender, and the agent who is responsible for collection of principal and interest and fee payments from the borrower and apportioning those payments to all lenders who are parties to the loan agreement. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Credit risks relating to the agent may include delay in receiving payments of principal and interest paid by the borrower to the agent. In the event of the borrower's bankruptcy, the borrower's obligation to repay the loan may be subject to defenses that the borrower can assert as a result of improper conduct by the agent.

When a Fund purchases assignments from lenders, it acquires direct rights against the borrower on the loan. However, because assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by a Fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. In addition, if the loan is foreclosed, a Fund could be part owner of any collateral and could bear the costs and liabilities of owning and disposing of the collateral.

Investments in loans, loan participations and assignments present the possibility that a Fund could be held liable as a co-lender under emerging legal theories of lender liability. The Fund anticipates that loans, loan participations and assignments could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. If there is no active secondary market for a loan, it may be more difficult to sell the interests in such a loan at a price that is acceptable or to even obtain pricing information. In addition, some loans, loan participations and assignments may not be rated by major rating agencies. Loans held by a Fund might not be considered securities for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), or the Exchange Act and therefore a risk exists that purchasers, such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud provisions of those Acts.

The secondary market for certain floating rate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods (in some cases, longer than seven days).

Floating Rate Corporate Loans and Corporate Debt Securities. Floating rate loans consist generally of obligations of companies and other entities (collectively, borrowers) incurred for the purpose of reorganizing the assets and liabilities of a borrower; acquiring another company; taking over control of a company (leveraged buyout); temporary refinancing; or financing internal growth or other general business purposes. Floating rate loans are often obligations of borrowers who have incurred a significant percentage of debt compared to equity issued and thus are highly leveraged.

Floating rate loans may include both term loans, which are generally fully funded at the time of a Fund’s investment, and revolving loans, which may require a Fund to make additional investments in the loans as required under the terms of the loan agreement. A revolving credit loan agreement may require a Fund to increase its investment in a loan at a time when a Fund might not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower’s condition makes it unlikely that the loan will be repaid.

A floating rate loan is generally offered as part of a lending syndicate to banks and other financial institutions and is administered in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement by an agent bank who is responsible for collection of principal and interest and fee payments from the borrower and apportioning those payments to all lenders who are parties to the agreement. Typically, the agent is given broad discretion to enforce the loan agreement and is compensated by the borrower for its services.

Floating rate loans may be acquired by direct investment as a lender at the inception of the loan or by assignment of a portion of a floating rate loan previously made to a different lender or by purchase of a participation interest. If a Fund makes a direct investment in a loan as one of the lenders, it generally acquires the loan at par. This means a Fund receives a return at the full interest rate for the loan. If a Fund acquires its interest in loans in the secondary market or acquires a participation interest, the loans may be purchased or sold above, at, or below par, which can result in a yield that is below, equal to, or above the stated interest rate of the loan. At times, a Fund may be able to invest in floating rate loans only through assignments or participations.

A participation interest represents a fractional interest in a floating rate loan held by the lender selling a Fund the participation interest. In the case of participations, a Fund will not have any direct contractual relationship with the borrower, a Fund’s rights to consent to modifications of the loan are limited and it is dependent upon the participating lender to enforce each Fund’s rights upon a default.

A Fund may be subject to the credit of both the agent and the lender from whom the Fund acquires a participation interest. These credit risks may include delay in receiving payments of principal and interest paid by the borrower to the agent or, in the case of a participation, offsets by the lender's regulator against payments received from the borrower. In the event of the borrower's bankruptcy, the borrower's obligation to repay the floating rate loan may be subject to defenses that the borrower can assert as a result of improper conduct by the agent.

Historically, floating rate loans have not been registered with the SEC or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange. As a result, the amount of public information available about a specific floating rate loan has been historically less extensive than if the floating rate loan were registered or exchange traded.

Although loan investments are generally subject to certain restrictive covenants in favor of the investor, certain of the loans in which a Fund may invest may be issued or offered as “covenant lite” loans, which have few or no financial maintenance covenants. “Financial maintenance covenants” are those that require a borrower to maintain certain financial metrics during the life of the loan, such as maintaining certain levels of cash flow or limiting leverage. These covenants are included to permit the lender to monitor the borrower’s performance and declare an event of default if breached, allowing the lender to renegotiate the terms of the loan or take other actions intended to help mitigate losses. Accordingly, a Fund may experience relatively greater difficulty or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of covenant lite loans than its holdings of loans or securities with financial maintenance covenants, which may result in losses to the Fund, especially during a

downturn in the credit cycle. Although covenant lite loans contain few or no financial maintenance covenants, information necessary to monitor a borrower’s financial performance may be available without covenants to lenders and the public alike, and can be used to detect such early warning signs as deterioration of a borrower’s financial condition or results. When such information is available, the Adviser will seek to take appropriate action without the help of covenants in the loans.

Floating rate debt securities are typically in the form of notes or bonds issued in public or private placements in the securities markets. Floating rate debt securities will typically have substantially similar terms to floating rate loans, but will not be in the form of participations or assignments.

The floating rate loans and debt securities in which a Fund invests will, in most instances, be secured and senior to other indebtedness of the borrower. Each floating rate loan and debt security will generally be secured by collateral such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, real estate, intangible assets such as trademarks, copyrights and patents, and securities of subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral generally will be determined by reference to financial statements of the borrower, by an independent appraisal, by obtaining the market value of such collateral, in the case of cash or securities if readily ascertainable, or by other customary valuation techniques considered appropriate by Invesco and/or the Sub-Advisers. The value of collateral may decline after a Fund’s investment, and collateral may be difficult to sell in the event of default. Consequently, the Fund may not receive all the payments to which it is entitled. A Fund’s assets may be invested in unsecured floating rate loans and debt securities or subordinated floating rate loans and debt securities, which may or may not be secured. If the borrower defaults on an unsecured loan or security, there is no specific collateral on which the lender can foreclose. If the borrower defaults on a subordinated loan or security, the collateral may not be sufficient to cover both the senior and subordinated loans and securities.

Most borrowers pay their debts from cash flow generated by their businesses. If a borrower’s cash flow is insufficient to pay its debts, it may attempt to restructure its debts rather than sell collateral. Borrowers may try to restructure their debts by filing for protection under the federal bankruptcy laws or negotiating a work-out. If a borrower becomes involved in a bankruptcy proceeding, access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy and other laws. If a court decides that access to collateral is limited or voidable, a Fund may not recover the full amount of principal and interest that is due.

A borrower must comply with certain restrictive covenants contained in the loan agreement or indenture (in the case of floating rate debt securities). In addition to requiring the scheduled payment of principal and interest, these covenants may include restrictions on the payment of dividends and other distributions to the borrower’s shareholders, provisions requiring compliance with specific financial ratios, and limits on total indebtedness. The agreement may also require the prepayment of the floating rate loans or debt securities from excess cash flow. A breach of a covenant that is not waived by the agent (or lenders directly) is normally an event of default, which provides the agent and lenders the right to call for repayment of the outstanding floating rate loan or debt security.

Purchasers of floating rate loans may receive and/or pay certain fees. These fees are in addition to interest payments and may include commitment fees, facility fees, and prepayment penalty fees. When a Fund buys a floating rate loan, it may receive a facility fee, and when it sells a floating rate loan, it may pay an assignment fee.

It is expected that the majority of floating rate loans and debt securities will have stated maturities of three to ten years. However, because floating rate loans and debt securities are frequently prepaid, it is expected that the average maturity will be three to five years. The degree to which borrowers prepay floating rate loans and debt securities, whether as a contractual requirement or at the borrower’s election, may be affected by general business conditions, the borrower’s financial condition and competitive conditions among lenders. Prepayments cannot be predicted with accuracy. Prepayments may result in a Fund’s investing in floating rate loans and debt securities with lower yields.

loan participations and assignments could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. If there is no active secondary market for a loan, it may be more difficult to sell the interests in such a loan at a price that is acceptable or to even obtain pricing information. In addition, some loans, loan participations and assignments may not be rated by major rating agencies. Loans held by the Funds might not be considered securities for the purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act) or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and therefore a risk exists that purchasers, such as the Funds may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud provisions of those Acts.

Public Bank Loans. Public bank loans are privately negotiated loans for which information about the issuer has been made publicly available. Public loans are made by banks or other financial institutions, and may be rated investment grade (as defined above in “Investment Grade Debt Obligations”) or below investment grade. However, public bank loans are not registered under the 1933 Act and are not publicly traded. They usually are second lien loans normally lower in priority of payment to senior loans, but have seniority in a company’s capital structure to other claims, such as subordinated corporate bonds or publicly-issued equity so that in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation, the company is required to pay down these second lien loans prior to such other lower-ranked claims on their assets. Bank loans normally pay floating rates that reset frequently, and as a result, protect investors from increases in interest rates.

Bank loans generally are negotiated between a borrower and several financial institutional lenders represented by one or more lenders acting as agent of all the lenders. The agent is responsible for negotiating the loan agreement that establishes the terms and conditions of the loan and the rights of the borrower and the lenders, monitoring any collateral, and collecting principal and interest on the loan. By investing in a loan, a Fund becomes a member of a syndicate of lenders. Certain bank loans are illiquid, meaning the Fund may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price. Illiquid investments are also difficult to value. To the extent a bank loan has been deemed illiquid, it will be subject to a Fund’s restrictions on illiquid investments. The secondary market for bank loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods.

Bank loans are subject to the risk of default. Default in the payment of interest or principal on a loan will result in a reduction of income to a Fund, a reduction in the value of the loan, and a potential decrease in the Fund’s net asset value. The risk of default will increase in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase in interest rates. Bank loans are subject to the risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments. As discussed above, however, because bank loans reside higher in the capital structure than high yield bonds, default losses have been historically lower in the bank loan market. Bank loans that are rated below investment grade share the same risks of other below investment grade securities.

Investments in Pooled Investment Entities that Invest in Loans. A Fund can buy interests in trusts and other pooled entities (including other investment companies) that invest primarily or exclusively in loan obligations, including entities sponsored or advised by the Adviser or an affiliate. The loans underlying these investments may include loans to foreign or U.S. borrowers, may be collateralized or uncollateralized and may be rated investment-grade or below, or may be unrated. These investments are subject to risks applicable to loan investments, including the risk of default by the borrower, interest rate and prepayment risk. The Fund will be subject to the pooled entity’s credit risks as well as the credit risks of the underlying loans. There is a risk that a borrower of the underlying loan may have difficulty making payments. If a borrower fails to pay scheduled interest or principal payments, the Fund’s income may be reduced and the value of the investment in the pooled entity might also decline.

Structured Notes and Indexed Securities. Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is linked to currencies, interest rates, commodities, indices or other financial indicators (reference instruments). Indexed securities may include structured notes and other securities wherein the interest rate or principal is determined by a reference instrument.

Most structured notes and indexed securities are fixed income securities that have maturities of three years or less. The interest rate or the principal amount payable at maturity of an indexed security may vary based on changes in one or more specified reference instruments, such as a floating interest rate compared

with a fixed interest rate. The reference instrument need not be related to the terms of the indexed security. Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed (i.e., their principal value or interest rates may increase or decrease if the underlying reference instrument appreciates), and may have return characteristics similar to direct investments in the underlying reference instrument or to one or more options on the underlying reference instrument.

Structured notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference instrument. Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities. In addition to the credit risk of the structured note or indexed security’s issuer and the normal risks of price changes in response to changes in interest rates, the principal amount of structured notes or indexed securities may decrease as a result of changes in the value of the underlying reference instruments. Further, in the case of certain structured notes or indexed securities in which the interest rate, or exchange rate in the case of currency, is linked to a reference instrument, the rate may be increased or decreased or the terms may provide that, under certain circumstances, the principal amount payable on maturity may be reduced to zero resulting in a loss to the Fund.

Qualifying Hybrid Instruments. “Qualifying hybrid instruments” are commodity-linked notes that are excluded from regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act and the rules thereunder.

Distressed Debt Securities. A Fund may invest in securities, including loans purchased in the secondary market, that are the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise in default or in risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by a Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moody’s and CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are in the judgment of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser of equivalent quality (“Distressed Securities”). Investment in Distressed Securities is speculative and involves significant risks.

A Fund will generally make such investments only when the Adviser or Sub-Adviser believes it is reasonably likely that the issuer of the Distressed Securities will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization pursuant to which a Fund will receive new securities in return for the Distressed Securities. However, there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. Additionally, a significant period of time may pass between the time at which a Fund makes its investment in Distressed Securities and the time that any such exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed, if at all. During this period, it is unlikely that a Fund would receive any interest payments on the Distressed Securities, a Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan of reorganization will be completed and a Fund may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect and recover its investment. Therefore, a Fund’s ability to achieve current income for its shareholders may be diminished. Each Fund also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when and in what manner and for what value the obligations evidenced by the distressed securities will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the obligor’s assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization involving the distressed securities or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). Even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to Distressed Securities held by a Fund, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by the Fund in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will not have a lower value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made or no value. Moreover, any securities received by a Fund upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. Similarly, if a Fund participates in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of Distressed Securities, a Fund may be restricted from disposing of such securities. To the extent that a Fund becomes involved in such proceedings, the Fund may have a more active participation in the affairs of the issuer than that assumed generally by an investor. Each Fund, however, will not make investments for the purpose of exercising day-to-day management of any issuer’s affairs.

U.S. Corporate Debt Obligations. Corporate debt obligations are debt obligations issued or guaranteed by corporations that are denominated in U.S. dollars. Such investments may include, among others, commercial paper, bonds, notes, debentures, variable rate demand notes, master notes, funding agreements and other short-term corporate instruments. Commercial paper consists of short-term promissory notes issued by corporations. Commercial paper may be traded in the secondary market after its issuance. Variable rate demand notes are securities with a variable interest which is readjusted on pre-established dates. Variable rate demand notes are subject to payment of principal and accrued interest (usually within seven days) on a Fund’s demand. Master notes are negotiated notes that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts of money at varying rates of interest pursuant to arrangements with issuers who meet the credit quality criteria of the Fund. The interest rate on a master note may fluctuate based upon changes in specified interest rates or be reset periodically according to a prescribed formula or may be a set rate. Although there is no secondary market in master notes, if such notes have a demand feature, the payee may demand payment of the principal amount of the note upon relatively short notice. Funding agreements are agreements between an insurance company and a Fund covering underlying demand notes. Although there is no secondary market in funding agreements, if the underlying notes have a demand feature, the payee may demand payment of the principal amount of the note upon relatively short notice. Master notes and funding agreements are generally illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds' percentage limitation for illiquid investments.

Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiary. Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund and Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund may invest up to 25% of their total assets, each, in their respective wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiary which is expected to invest primarily in commodity swaps and futures and option contracts, as well as fixed income securities and other investments intended to serve as margin or collateral for each Subsidiary’s derivative positions. As a result, the Funds may be considered to be investing indirectly in these investments through their respective Subsidiary.

Each of Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund and Invesco Global Allocation Fund may invest up to 25% of their total assets in their respective wholly-owned and controlled Subsidiary which is expected to invest commodity-linked derivatives (including commodity futures, financial futures, options and swap contracts) and Gold ETFs, as well as fixed income securities and other investments intended to serve as margin or collateral for each Subsidiary’s derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be considered to be investing indirectly in these investments through their respective Subsidiary.

The Subsidiaries will not be registered under the 1940 Act, and except otherwise noted in the Funds’ prospectuses, are not subject to the investor protections of that 1940 Act. The Funds, as sole shareholders of their respective Subsidiary, will not have all of the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. However, since the Funds wholly-own and control their respective Subsidiary, and the Fund and their respective Subsidiaries are managed by the Adviser, it is unlikely that the Subsidiaries will take action contrary to the interests of the Funds or their shareholders. The Funds’ Trustees have oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Funds, including its investments in their respective Subsidiary, and the Funds’ role as sole shareholder of their respective Subsidiary. Also, in managing their respective Subsidiary’s portfolio, the Adviser will be subject to the same operational guidelines that apply to the management of the Funds.

Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Funds and their respective Subsidiaries are organized, could result in the inability of the Funds or their respective Subsidiary to operate as described in this SAI and could negatively affect the Funds and their shareholders. For example, the government of the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiaries. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiaries must pay Cayman Islands taxes, the Funds’ shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.

Regulation S Securities. Regulation S securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers are offered through private offerings without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S of the 1933 Act. Offerings of Regulation S securities may be conducted outside of the United States, and Regulation S securities may be

relatively less liquid as a result of legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Although Regulation S securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the price realized from these sales could be less than that originally paid by a Fund. Further, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Accordingly, Regulation S securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses.

Other Investments

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The Funds may invest in equity and/or debt obligations issued by REITs. Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund and Invesco Health Care Fund may invest up to 15% of their total assets in equity and/or debt obligations issued by REITs. Invesco Greater China Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in equity and/or debt securities issued by REITs. REITs are trusts that sell equity or debt securities to investors and use the proceeds to invest in real estate or interest therein. A REIT may focus on particular projects, such as apartment complexes, or geographic regions, such as the southeastern United States or both. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling property that has appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments.

Investments in REITs may be subject to many of the same risks as direct investments in real estate. These risks include difficulties in valuing and trading real estate, declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, adverse changes in the climate for real estate, environmental liability risks, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, heavy cash flow dependency and increases in interest rates. To the extent that a Fund invests in REITs, the Fund could conceivably acquire real estate directly as a result of a default on the REIT interests or obligations it owns.

In addition to the risks of direct real estate investment described above, equity REITs may be affected by any changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are also subject to the following risks: they are dependent upon management skill and on cash flows; are not diversified; are subject to defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to maintain an exemption from the 1940 Act; and are subject to interest rate risk. A Fund that invests in REITs will bear a proportionate share of the expenses of the REITs.

Furthermore, for tax reasons, a REIT may impose limits on how much of its securities any one investor may own. These ownership limitations (also called “excess share provisions”) may be based on ownership of securities by multiple funds and accounts managed by the same investment adviser and typically result in adverse consequences (such as automatic divesture of voting and dividend rights for shares that exceed the excess share provision) to investors who exceed the limit. A REIT’s excess share provision may result in a Fund being unable to purchase (or otherwise obtain economic exposure to) the desired amounts of certain REITs. In some circumstances, a Fund may seek and obtain a waiver from a REIT to exceed the REIT’s ownership limitations without being subject to the adverse consequences of exceeding such limit were a waiver not obtained, provided that the Fund complies with the provisions of the waiver.

Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs). MLPs generally are limited partnerships (or limited liability companies), the common units of which are listed and traded on a national securities exchange or over-the-counter. MLPs generally have two classes of partners, the general partner and the limited partners. The general partner normally controls the MLP through an equity interest plus units that are subordinated to the common (publicly traded) units for an initial period and then only converting to common if certain financial tests are met. The general partner also generally receives a larger portion of the net income as incentive. As

cash flow grows, the general partner receives a greater interest in the incremental income compared to the interest of limited partners.

MLP common units represent an equity ownership interest in a partnership, providing limited voting rights and entitling the holder to a share of the company’s success through distributions and/or capital appreciation. Unlike shareholders of a corporation, common unit holders do not elect directors annually and generally have the right to vote only on certain significant events, such as mergers, a sale of substantially all of the assets, removal of the general partner or material amendments to the partnership agreement. MLPs are required by their partnership agreements to distribute a large percentage of their current operating earnings. Common unit holders generally have first right to a minimum quarterly distribution (MQD) prior to distributions to the convertible subordinated unit holders or the general partner (including incentive distributions). Common unit holders typically have arrearage rights if the MQD is not met. In the event of liquidation, MLP common unit holders have first right to the partnership’s remaining assets after bondholders, other debt holders, and preferred unit holders have been paid in full.

The general partner or managing member interest in an MLP is typically retained by the original sponsors of an MLP, such as its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets to the MLP. The holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner or managing member. General partner or managing member interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and in many cases control over the operations of, the MLP. General partner or managing member interests can be privately held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive incentive distribution rights (IDRs), which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Incentive distributions to a general partner are designed to encourage the general partner, who controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners. Due to the IDRs, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of IDRs to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

Some companies in which a Fund may invest have been organized as limited liability companies (MLP LLCs). Such MLP LLCs generally are treated in the same manner as MLPs for federal income tax purposes (i.e., generally taxed as partnerships). MLP LLC common units trade on a national securities exchange or OTC. In contrast to MLPs, MLP LLCs have no general partner and there are generally no incentives that entitle management or other unitholders to increased percentages of cash distributions as distributions reach higher target levels. In addition, MLP LLC common unitholders typically have voting rights with respect to the MLP LLC, whereas MLP common units have limited voting rights.

Investments in securities of an MLP involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and lower market liquidity. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns.

There are also certain tax risks undertaken by the Fund when it invests in MLPs. MLPs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Partnerships do not pay U.S. federal income tax

at the partnership level, subject to the application of certain partnership audit rules. Rather, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in the MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax (as well as state and local income taxes) on its taxable income. This would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP and could result in a reduction in the value of the Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to the Fund. Also, to the extent a distribution received by a Fund from an MLP is treated as a return of capital, the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the interests of the MLP will be reduced, which may increase the Fund’s tax liability upon the sale of the interests in the MLP or upon subsequent distributions in respect of such interests.

MLP Debt Securities. Debt securities issued by MLPs may include those rated below investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the investment adviser at the time of purchase. A debt security of an MLP will be considered to be investment grade if it is rated as such by one of the rating organizations or, if unrated, are judged to be investment grade by the investment adviser at the time of purchase. Investments in such securities may not offer the tax characteristics of equity securities of MLPs.

MLP Affiliates. The Fund may invest in the equity and debt securities issued by affiliates of MLPs, including the general partners or managing members of MLPs and companies that own MLP general partner interests and are energy infrastructure companies. Such issuers may be organized and/or taxed as corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of MLP units. The Fund may purchase such other MLP equity securities through market transactions, but may also do so through direct placements.

I-Shares. I-Shares represent an indirect ownership interest in an MLP and are issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in the MLP in the form of I-units. Thus, I-Shares represent an indirect interest in an MLP limited partnership interest. I-units have similar features as MLP common units in terms of voting rights, liquidation preference and distribution. I-Shares themselves have limited voting rights and are similar that respect to MLP common units. I-Shares differ from MLP common units primarily in that instead of receiving cash distributions, holders of I-Shares will receive distributions of additional I-Shares in an amount equal to the cash distributions received by common unit holders. I-Shares are traded on the NYSE. Issuers of MLP I-Shares are treated as corporations and not partnerships for tax purposes. MLP affiliates also include publicly traded limited liability companies that own, directly or indirectly, general partner interests of MLPs.

Infrastructure-Related Companies. Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund may invest in the equity and debt securities of infrastructure-related companies. Infrastructure-related companies are subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including costs associated with environmental, governmental and other regulations, high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high leverage, the effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, increased competition from other providers of services, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies, unfavorable tax laws or accounting policies, and other factors. Infrastructure-related companies are also affected by difficulty in raising capital in adequate amounts on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets, and general changes in market sentiment towards infrastructure assets. Some infrastructure-related companies’ assets are not movable, which creates the risk that an event may occur in the region of the company’s asset that may impair the performance of that assets and the performance of the issuer. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, flood, lightning, hurricanes and wind or other mand-made disasters, environmental damage, terrorist attacks or political activities could result in substantial damage to the facilities of companies located in the affected areas, and volatility in the products or services of infrastructure-related could adversely impact the prices of infrastructure-related companies’ securities. Any destruction or loss of an infrastructure asset may have a major impact on the infrastructure-related company. Failure by the infrastructure-related company to carry adequate insurance or to operate the asset appropriately could lead to significant losses and damages. Additionally, to the extent that a Fund invests in infrastructure-related companies, the Fund could conceivably own infrastructure assets directly as a result of a default on the infrastructure-related company interests or obligations it owns.

Income Trusts. An income trust is an investment trust which holds income producing assets, typically in the form of an operating business that has been put into a trust, and passes the income on to its security holders. Because income trusts pay out the bulk of their free cash flow to unit holders, they have an ability to generate constant cash flows. Despite the potential for attractive regular payments, income trusts are equity investments, not fixed-income securities, and they share many of the risks inherent in stock ownership. In addition, an income trust may lack diversification and potential growth may be sacrificed because revenue is passed on to the security holders rather than reinvested in the business. Income trusts do not guarantee minimum distributions or even return of capital; therefore, if the business loses money, the trust can reduce or even eliminate distributions. The value of income trust units may decline significantly if they are unable to meet distribution targets.

Investments in income trusts can have varying degrees of risk depending on the sector and the underlying assets. Risks related to the underlying operating companies controlled by such trusts include dependence upon specialized management skills and the risk that such management may lack or have limited operating histories. Income trusts are also subject generally to the risks associated with business cycles, commodity prices, interest rates or other economic factors.

While income trusts are regarded as equity investments, they also have fixed-income attributes that subject them to credit risk, interest rate risk and dividend risk. Income trusts may potentially achieve higher yields than cash investments in periods of low interest rates and lower yields in periods of increasing interest rates. They may also experience losses during periods of both low and high interest rates. To the extent that claims against an income trust are not satisfied by the trust, investors in the income trust (including a fund) could be held responsible for such obligations. Income trusts generally are structured to avoid taxes at the entity level. In a traditional corporate tax structure, net income is taxed at the corporate level and again when distributed as dividends to its shareholders. An income trust’s flow-through structure means that the distributions to its investors are generally higher than dividends from an equivalent corporate entity. Income trusts also are subject to the risks that regulatory changes or a challenge to their tax structure under existing laws could reduce or eliminate any tax benefits and adversely affect the value of such securities.

Greenfield Projects. Greenfield projects are energy-related projects built by private joint ventures formed by energy infrastructure companies. Greenfield projects may include the creation of a new pipeline, processing plant or storage facility or other energy infrastructure asset that is integrated with the company’s existing assets. The primary risk involved with the greenfield projects is execution risk or construction risk. Changing project requirements, elevated costs for labor and materials, and unexpected construction hurdles all can increase construction costs. Financing risk exists should changes in construction costs or financial markets occur. Regulatory risk exists should changes in regulation occur during construction or the necessary permits are not secured prior to beginning construction.

Private Investments in Public Equity. Private investments in public equity (PIPES) are equity securities in a private placement that are issued by issuers who have outstanding, publicly-traded equity securities of the same class. Shares in PIPES generally are not registered with the SEC until after a certain time period from the date the private sale is completed. This restricted period can last many months. Until the public registration process is completed, PIPES are restricted as to resale and the Fund cannot freely trade the securities. Generally, such restrictions cause the PIPES to be illiquid during this time. PIPES may contain provisions that the issuer will pay specified financial penalties to the holder if the issuer does not publicly register the restricted equity securities within a specified period of time, but there is no assurance that the restricted equity securities will be publicly registered, or that the registration will remain in effect.

Private Equity and Debt Investments. Privately issued securities, which include private investments in public equity (PIPEs), and private debt investments, involve an extraordinarily high degree of business and financial risk and can result in substantial or complete losses. Some portfolio companies in which the Fund may invest may be operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period and may need substantial additional capital to support expansion or to achieve or maintain competitive positions. Such companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with much greater financial resources, much more extensive development, production, marketing and service capabilities

and a much larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. The Fund can offer no assurance that the marketing efforts of any particular portfolio company will be successful or that its business will succeed. Additionally, privately held companies are not subject to SEC reporting requirements or the reporting requirements of publicly traded companies in applicable jurisdictions, are not required to maintain their accounting records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and are not required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a result, the Adviser may not have timely or accurate information about the business, financial conditions and results of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund invests. The more limited financial information and lack of publicly available prices require a Fund to determine a fair value for such investments in accordance with the valuation policy approved by the Board and related procedures. Difficulty in valuing such investments may make it difficult to accurately determine a Fund's exposure to privately issued securities. The Fund’s NAV could be adversely affected if the Fund’s determinations regarding the fair value of the Fund’s investments were materially higher than the values that the Fund ultimately realizes upon the disposal of such investments. In addition, input from the Adviser’s investment professionals as part of the Fund’s valuation process could result in a conflict of interest as the Adviser’s management fee is based, in part, on the value of the Fund’s assets.

Investments in private companies may be considered to be illiquid and may be difficult to sell at a desirable time or at the prices at which the Fund has valued the investments. Additional risks include that the Fund could be subject to contingent liabilities in the event a private issuer is acquired by another company during the period it is held by the Fund; and that the company may be using excessive leverage. Privately issued debt securities can often be below investment grade quality and frequently are unrated.

Limited Partnerships. A limited partnership interest entitles the Fund to participate in the investment return of the partnership’s assets as defined by the agreement among the partners. As a limited partner, the Fund generally is not permitted to participate in the management of the partnership. However, unlike a general partner whose liability is not limited, a limited partner’s liability generally is limited to the amount of its commitment to the partnership.

Initial Public Offerings. Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to a Fund, or only in very limited quantities. Thus, when a Fund’s size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Fund’s reported performance than when the Fund is larger. A Fund may engage in short-term trading in connection with its IPO investments, which could produce higher trading costs and adverse tax consequences. There can be no assurance that a Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities.

Other Investment Companies. Unless otherwise indicated in this SAI or in a Fund’s prospectus, a Fund may purchase shares of other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), non-exchange traded U.S. registered open-end investment companies (mutual funds), closed-end investment companies, or non-U.S. investment companies traded on foreign exchanges. When a Fund purchases shares of another investment company, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of the advisory fees and other operating expenses of such investment company and will be subject to the risks associated with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment company.

A Fund’s investment in the securities of other investment companies is subject to the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. Specifically, Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act contains various limitations on the ability of a registered investment company (an “acquiring fund”) to acquire shares of another registered investment company (an “acquired fund”). Under these limits, an acquiring fund generally cannot (i) purchase more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of an acquired fund; (ii) invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities issued by an acquired company; and (iii) invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities issued by other investment companies. Likewise, an acquired fund, as well as its principal underwriter or any broker or dealer registered under the Exchange Act, cannot knowingly sell more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired fund to an acquiring fund, or more than 10% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired fund to acquiring funds generally.

Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act, which became effective January 19, 2022, created a regulatory framework for funds’ investments in other funds. Rule 12d1-4 allows a fund to acquire the securities of another investment company in excess of the limitations imposed by Section 12 without obtaining an exemptive order from the SEC, subject to certain limitations and conditions. Among those conditions is the requirement that, prior to a fund relying on Rule 12d1-4 to acquire securities of another fund in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1), the acquiring fund must enter into a Fund of Funds Agreement with the acquired fund. (This requirement does not apply when the acquiring fund’s investment adviser acts as the acquired fund’s investment adviser and does not act as sub-adviser to either fund.)

Rule 12d1-4 also is designed to limit the use of complex fund structures. Under Rule 12d1-4, an acquired fund is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring the securities of another investment company or private fund if, immediately after the purchase, the securities of investment companies and private funds owned by the acquired fund have an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the acquired fund’s total assets, subject to certain limited exceptions. Accordingly, to the extent a Fund’s shares are sold to other investment companies in reliance on Rule 12d1-4, the Fund will be limited in the amount it could invest in other investment companies and private funds.

In addition to Rule 12d1-4, the 1940 Act and related rules provide other exemptions from these restrictions. For example, these limitations do not apply to investments by a Fund in investment companies that are money market funds, including money market funds that have the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser as an investment adviser.

Private (Unregistered) Investment Companies. Securities of private investment companies, including "hedge funds" and private equity funds, are not registered with the SEC and may not be registered with any other regulatory authority. Accordingly, they are not subject to certain oversight and regulatory requirements to which registered issuers are subject, including requirements of a certain degree of liquidity, limiting how much can be invested in a single investment, requiring that fund shares be redeemable, protecting against conflicts of interest, assuring fairness in pricing of fund shares, and limiting the use of leverage. They are typically not required to provide investors with information about their underlying holdings, fees and expenses and there may be very little public information available about their investments and performance. Additionally, because sales of shares of private investment companies are generally restricted to certain qualified purchasers, such shares may be illiquid and it could be difficult for the fund to sell its shares at an advantageous price and time. Registered fund units may not be redeemable at the investor’s option and there may not be a secondary market for the sale of unregistered fund units. The Fund may not be able to get the money invested in an unregistered fund back. Moreover, unlike registered mutual funds, because shares of private investment companies are not publicly traded there typically are no specific rules on fund pricing, and a fair value for the fund’s investment typically will have to be determined under the valuation policy approved by the Board and related procedures. As with investments in publicly-registered investment companies, if the Fund invests in a private investment company, the Fund will be subject to its proportionate share of the advisory fees, including incentive compensation and other operating expenses. These fees can be substantial and would be in addition to the advisory fees and other operating expenses incurred by the Fund.

Investments in the securities of private investment companies are subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities, unless Invesco and/or the Sub-Advisers determines that such securities are otherwise liquid under guidelines adopted by the Board.

Risks of Concentrating Investments in Mining Securities, Metal Investments and Gold ETFs. Investments in Mining Securities, Metal Investments and Gold ETFs involve additional risks and considerations not typically associated with other types of investments: (1) the risk of substantial price fluctuations of gold and precious metals; (2) the concentration of gold supply is in the following territories, including but not limited to China, Australia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (the former Soviet Union), Canada, the United States and South Africa, and the prevailing economic and political conditions of these countries may have a direct effect on the production and marketing of gold and sales of central bank gold holdings; (3) unpredictable international monetary policies, economic and political conditions; (4) possible U.S. governmental regulation of Metal Investments, as well as foreign regulation of such investments; and (5)

possible adverse tax consequences for the Fund in making Metal Investments, if, as a result, it fails to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code). These risks are discussed in greater detail below.

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Risk of Price Fluctuations. The prices of precious and strategic metals are affected by various factors such as economic conditions, political events, governmental monetary and regulatory policies and market events. The prices of Mining Securities and Metal Investments held by the Fund may fluctuate sharply, which will affect the value of the Fund’s shares.

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Concentration of Source of Gold Supply and Control of Gold Sales. Currently, the major producers of gold include, but are not limited to, China, Australia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (which includes Russia and certain other countries that were part of the former Soviet Union), Canada, the United States and the Republic of South Africa. Economic and political conditions in those countries may have a direct effect on the production and marketing of gold and on sales of central bank gold holdings. In South Africa, the activities of companies engaged in gold mining are subject to the policies adopted by the Ministry of Mines. The Reserve Bank of South Africa, as the sole authorized sales agent for South African gold, has an influence on the price and timing of sales of South African gold. Political and social conditions in South Africa are still somewhat unsettled and may pose certain risks to the Fund (in addition to the risks described under the caption “Foreign Securities”), because the Fund may hold a portion of its assets in securities of South African issuers.

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Unpredictable International Monetary Policies, Economic and Political Conditions. There is the possibility that unusual international monetary or political conditions may make the Fund’s portfolio assets less liquid, or that the value of the Fund’s assets might be more volatile, than would be the case with other investments. In particular, the price of gold is affected by its direct and indirect use to settle net balance of payments deficits and surpluses between nations. Because the prices of precious or strategic metals may be affected by unpredictable international monetary policies and economic conditions, there may be greater likelihood of a more dramatic fluctuation of the market prices of the Fund’s investments than of other investments.

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Commodities Regulations. The trading of Metal Investments in the United States could become subject to the rules that govern the trading of agricultural and certain other commodities and commodity futures. The absence of regulation may adversely affect the continued development of an orderly market in Metal Investments trading in the United States. The development of a regulated futures market in Metal Investments trading may affect the development of a market in, and the price of, Metal Investments in the United States.

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Effect on the Fund’s Tax Status. By making Metal Investments, the Fund risks failing to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code. If the Fund should fail to qualify and certain cure provisions do not apply, it would lose the beneficial tax treatment accorded to regulated investment companies under Subchapter M of the Code. Failure to qualify would occur if in any fiscal year the Fund either (a) derived more than 10% of its gross income (as defined in the Code, which disregards losses for this purpose) from sales or other dispositions of Metal Investments and/or Gold ETFs, or (b) held more than 50% of its net assets in the form of Metal Investments and/or Gold ETFs or in securities not meeting certain tests under the Code or (c) held more than 25% of its total assets in the form of a single Metal Investment either directly through Gold ETFs or by derivative contract (see “Dividends, Distributions and Tax Matters”). Accordingly, the Fund will endeavor to manage its portfolio within the limitations described above, and the Fund has adopted an investment strategy limiting the amount of its total assets that can be invested in Metal Investments and/or Gold ETFs. There can be no assurance that the Fund will qualify in every fiscal year. Furthermore, to comply with the limitations described above, the Fund may be required to make investment decisions the Adviser would otherwise not make, foregoing the opportunity to realize gains, if necessary, to permit the Fund to qualify.

Defaulted Securities. Defaulted securities are debt securities on which the issuer is not currently making interest payments. In order to enforce its rights in defaulted securities, a Fund may be required to participate

in legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer’s obligations on the defaulted securities. This could increase operating expenses and adversely affect net asset value. Risks of defaulted securities may be considerably higher as they are generally unsecured and subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. Investments in defaulted securities generally will also be considered illiquid investments subject to the limitations described herein, except as otherwise may be determined under the Trust’s applicable policies and procedures.

Variable or Floating Rate Instruments. Variable or floating rate instruments are securities that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligation. The interest rates for securities with variable interest rates are readjusted on set dates (such as the last day of the month or calendar quarter) and the interest rates for securities with floating rates are reset whenever a specified interest rate change occurs. Variable or floating interest rates generally reduce changes in the market price of securities from their original purchase price because, upon readjustment, such rates approximate market rates. Accordingly, as market interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less for variable or floating rate securities than for fixed rate obligations. Many securities with variable or floating interest rates have a demand feature allowing the Fund to demand payment of principal and accrued interest prior to its maturity. The terms of such demand instruments require payment of principal and accrued interest by the issuer, a guarantor, and/or a liquidity provider. All variable or floating rate instruments will meet the applicable rating standards of the Funds. A Fund’s Adviser, or Sub-Adviser, as applicable, may determine that an unrated floating rate or variable rate demand obligation meets the Fund’s rating standards by reason of being backed by a letter of credit or guarantee issued by a bank that meets those rating standards.

The secondary market for certain floating rate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods (in some cases, longer than seven days). Certain floating rate loans held by a Fund might not be considered securities for purposes of the Exchange Act and therefore a risk exists that purchasers, such as the Funds, may not be entitled to rely on the antifraud provisions of those Acts.

Zero Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Securities. Zero coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity, unlike debt securities that traditionally provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero coupon security. Pay-in-kind securities are securities that have interest payable by delivery of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities. Zero coupon and pay-in-kind securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and lower liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities paying cash interest at regular interest payment periods. Investors may purchase zero coupon and pay-in-kind securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents “original issue discount” on the security.

Premium Securities. Premium securities are securities bearing coupon rates higher than the then prevailing market rates.

Premium securities are typically purchased at a “premium,” in other words, at a price greater than the principal amount payable on maturity. The Fund will not amortize the premium paid for such securities in calculating its net investment income. As a result, in such cases the purchase of premium securities provides the Fund a higher level of investment income distributable to shareholders on a current basis than if the Fund purchased securities bearing current market rates of interest. However, the yield on these securities would remain at the current market rate. If securities purchased by the Fund at a premium are called or sold prior to maturity, the Fund will realize a loss to the extent the call or sale price is less than the purchase price. Additionally, the Fund will realize a loss of principal if it holds such securities to maturity.

Stripped Income Securities. Stripped Income Securities are obligations representing an interest in all or a portion of the income or principal components of an underlying or related security, a pool of securities, or other assets. Stripped income securities may be partially stripped so that each class receives some interest and some principal. However, they may be completely stripped, where one class will receive all of the interest

(the interest-only class or the IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only class or the PO class).

The market values of stripped income securities tend to be more volatile in response to changes in interest rates than are conventional income securities. In the case of mortgage-backed stripped income securities, the yields to maturity of IOs and POs may be very sensitive to principal repayments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgages resulting in a Fund being unable to recoup its initial investment or resulting in a less than anticipated yield. The market for stripped income securities may be limited, making it difficult for the Fund to dispose of its holdings at an acceptable price.

Privatizations. The governments of certain foreign countries have, to varying degrees, embarked on privatization programs to sell part or all of their interests in government owned or controlled companies or enterprises (privatizations). A Fund’s investments in such privatizations may include: (i) privately negotiated investments in a government owned or controlled company or enterprise; (ii) investments in the initial offering of equity securities of a government owned or controlled company or enterprise; and (iii) investments in the securities of a government owned or controlled company or enterprise following its initial equity offering.

In certain foreign countries, the ability of foreign entities such as the Fund to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the terms on which the Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell companies and enterprises currently owned or controlled by them, that privatization programs will be successful, or that foreign governments will not re-nationalize companies or enterprises that have been privatized. If large blocks of these enterprises are held by a small group of stockholders the sale of all or some portion of these blocks could have an adverse effect on the price.

Participation Notes. Participation notes, also known as participation certificates, are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to replicate the performance of foreign companies or foreign securities markets and can be used by the Fund as an alternative means to access the securities market of a country. Participation notes are generally traded OTC. The performance results of participation notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the foreign company or foreign securities market that they seek to replicate due to transaction and other expenses. Investments in participation notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying foreign companies or foreign securities market that they seek to replicate. In addition, participation notes are subject to counterparty risk, currency risk and reinvestment risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the broker-dealer or bank that issues them will not fulfill its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with the Fund. Participation notes constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, and a Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such banks or broker-dealers and has no rights under a participation note against the issuer of the underlying assets. Additionally, there is a currency risk since the dollar value of the Fund’s foreign investments will be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the dollar and (a) the currencies in which the notes are denominated, such as euro denominated participation notes, and (b) the currency of the country in which the foreign company sits. Also, there is a reinvestment risk because the amounts from the note may be reinvested in a less valuable investment when the note matures.

Senior Secured Floating Rate Securities. The Funds may invest in senior secured floating rate loans and senior secured floating rate debt instruments made to or issued by borrowers (which may include U.S. and non-U.S. companies) that (i) have variable rates which adjust to a base rate, such as London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), on set dates, typically every 30 days but not to exceed one year; and/or (ii) have interest rates that float at a margin above a generally recognized base lending rate such as the Prime Rate of a designated U.S. bank.

Investment Techniques

Forward Commitments, When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities. Each Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis whereby the Fund buys or sells a security with payment and delivery taking place in the future. Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery basis. Securities purchased or sold on a forward commitment,

when-issued or delayed delivery basis involve delivery and payment that take place in the future after the trade date or the date of the commitment to purchase or sell the securities at a pre-determined price and/or yield. Settlement of such transactions normally occurs a month or more after the purchase or sale commitment is made. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. Forward commitments include “to be announced” (TBA) transactions, which are contracts for the purchase and sale of mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by certain U.S. agencies or government sponsored enterprises for delivery at a future settlement date agreed upon by the two parties to the transaction, which is typically a month or more after the trade date of the transaction. On the trade date of a TBA transaction, the counterparties agree upon certain criteria for the securities that are to be delivered, including the issuer, maturity, coupon, face value and price, but the precise securities to be delivered are not specified. Instead, the actual securities to be delivered, which must satisfy the specified criteria, are communicated by the seller to the buyer shortly before the agreed upon settlement date. Although a Fund generally intends to acquire or dispose of securities on a forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery basis, a Fund may instead sell these securities or its commitment before the settlement date if deemed advisable. This will frequently be the case for TBA transactions and other forward-settling mortgage-backed securities transactions. No specific limitation exists as to the percentage of the Fund’s assets which may be used to acquire securities on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis.

When purchasing a security on a forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery basis, a Fund assumes the risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Securities purchased on a forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery basis are subject to changes in value based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Accordingly, securities acquired on such a basis may expose a Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment, when-issued or delayed delivery basis may involve the additional risk that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself.

Many forward commitments, when-issued and delayed delivery transactions, including TBAs, are also subject to the risk that a counterparty may become bankrupt or otherwise fail to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, including making payments or fulfilling delivery obligations to a Fund. A Fund may obtain no or only limited recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganizational proceedings, and any recovery may be significantly delayed. With respect to TBA transactions and other forward-settling mortgage-backed securities transactions, the counterparty risk may be mitigated by the exchange of variation margin between the counterparties on a regular basis as the market value of the deliverable security fluctuates.

Investment in these types of securities may increase the possibility that the Fund will incur short-term gains subject to federal taxation or short-term losses if the Fund must engage in portfolio transactions in order to honor its commitment. In the case of a purchase transaction, the delayed delivery securities, which will not begin to accrue interest or dividends until the settlement date, will be recorded as an asset of a Fund and will be subject to the risk of market fluctuation. The purchase price of the delayed delivery securities is a liability of a Fund until settlement. TBA transactions and other forward-settling mortgage-backed securities transactions may be effected pursuant to a collateral agreement with the counterparty under which the parties exchange collateral consisting of cash or liquid securities in an amount as specified by the agreement that is based on the change in the market value of the TBA transactions governed by the agreement. A Fund or the counterparty will make payments throughout the term of the transaction as collateral values fluctuate to maintain full collateralization for the term of the transaction. Collateral will be marked-to-market every business day. If the counterparty defaults on the transaction or declares bankruptcy or insolvency, a Fund might incur expenses in enforcing its rights, or the Fund might experience delay and costs in recovering collateral or may suffer a loss if the value of the collateral declines.

Short Sales. Each Fund may engage in short sales.

A short sale involves the sale of a security which a Fund does not own in the hope of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. To make delivery to the buyer, the Fund must borrow the

security from a broker. A Fund normally closes a short sale by purchasing an equivalent number of shares of the borrowed security on the open market and delivering them to the broker. A short sale is typically effected when the Fund’s Adviser believes that the price of a particular security will decline. Open short positions using options, futures, swaps or forward foreign currency contracts are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.

To secure its obligation to deliver the securities sold short to the broker and repay the securities borrowed, a Fund will be required to deposit cash or liquid securities with the broker as collateral. In addition, a Fund may have to pay a fee or rate of interest to borrow the securities, and while the loan of the security sold short is outstanding, the Fund is required to pay to the broker the amount of any dividends paid on shares sold short. The collateral pledged by the Fund to the broker in connection with short sales will be marked to market daily. The collateral pledged does not have the effect of limiting the amount of money that a Fund may lose on a short sale.

Short positions create a risk that the Fund will be required to cover them by buying the security at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. A short position in a security poses more risk than holding the same security long. Because a short position loses value as the security’s price increases, the loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited. The loss on a long position is limited to what the Fund originally paid for the security together with any transaction costs. A Fund may not always be able to borrow a security a Fund seeks to sell short at a particular time or at an acceptable price. It is possible that the market value of the securities the Fund holds in long positions will decline at the same time that the market value of the securities the Fund has sold short increases, thereby increasing the Fund’s potential volatility and losses. Because a Fund may be required to pay dividends, interest, premiums and other expenses in connection with a short sale, any benefit for the Fund resulting from the short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any ultimate gain or loss will be decreased or increased, respectively, by the amount of such expenses.

Short sales against the box are short sales of securities that a Fund owns or has the right to obtain (equivalent in kind or amount to the securities sold short). If a Fund enters into a short sale against the box, it will be required to set aside securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or exchangeable into such securities) and will be required to hold such securities while the short sale is outstanding. The Fund will incur transaction costs, including fees or interest expenses, in connection with opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box.

Short sales against the box result in a “constructive sale” and require a Fund to recognize any taxable gain unless an exception to the constructive sale applies. See “Dividends, Distributions and Tax Matters — Tax Matters — Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions — Options, futures, forward contracts, swap agreements and hedging transactions.”

Margin Transactions. The Fund will not purchase any security on margin, except that each Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The payment by a Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with futures, swaps or options transactions and the use of a reverse repurchase agreement to finance the purchase of a security will not be considered the purchase of a security on margin.

Interfund Loans. The SEC has issued an exemptive order permitting the Invesco Funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The Invesco Funds’ interfund lending program is subject to a number of conditions, including the requirements that: (1) an interfund loan generally will occur only if the interest rate on the loan is more favorable to the borrowing fund than the interest rate typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction and the rate is more favorable to the lending fund than the rate available on overnight repurchase transactions; (2) an Invesco Fund may not lend more than 15% of its net assets through the program (measured at the time of the last loan); and (3) an Invesco Fund may not lend more than 5% of its net assets to another Invesco Fund through the program (measured at the time of the loan). A Fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and investment policies.

Interfund loans have a maximum duration of seven days. Loans may be called with one day’s notice and may be repaid on any day.

Borrowing. The Funds may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions (defined below) and Fund Policies. Such borrowings may be utilized (i) for temporary or emergency purposes; (ii) in anticipation of or in response to adverse market conditions; or, (iii) for cash management purposes. All borrowings are limited to an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of a Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that exceed this amount will be reduced within three business days to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation even if it is not advantageous to sell securities at that time.

If there are unusually heavy redemptions, a Fund may have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. Selling Fund securities under these circumstances may result in a lower net asset value per share or decreased dividend income, or both. Invesco and the Sub-Advisers believe that, in the event of abnormally heavy redemption requests, a Fund’s borrowing ability would help to mitigate any such effects and could make the forced sale of their portfolio securities less likely.

The ability of a Fund to borrow money to purchase additional securities gives these Funds greater flexibility to purchase securities for investment or tax reasons and not to be dependent on cash flows. To the extent borrowing costs exceed the return on the additional investments, the return realized by the Fund' shareholders will be adversely affected. The Funds' borrowing to purchase additional securities creates an opportunity for a greater total return to the Funds, but, at the same time, increases exposure to losses. The Funds' willingness to borrow money for investment purposes, and the amount it borrows depends upon many factors, including investment outlook, market conditions and interest rates. Successful use of borrowed money to purchase additional investments depends on Invesco's or the Sub-Adviser's ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements; such a strategy may not be successful during any period in which it is employed.

The Funds may borrow from a bank, broker-dealer, or another Invesco Fund. Additionally, the Funds are permitted to temporarily carry a negative or overdrawn balance in their account with their custodian bank. To compensate the custodian bank for such overdrafts, the Funds may either (i) leave funds as a compensating balance in their account so the custodian bank can be compensated by earning interest on such funds; or (ii) compensate the custodian bank by paying it an agreed upon rate. A Fund may not purchase additional securities when any borrowings from banks or broker-dealers exceed 5% of a Fund’s total assets or when any borrowings from an Invesco Fund are outstanding.

Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend its portfolio securities (broker, dealers or other financial institutions) to generate additional income. Such loans are callable at any time and are continuously secured by segregated collateral equal to no less than the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. Such collateral will be cash, letters of credit, or debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to the extent of one-third of its total assets. A Fund will loan its securities only to parties that Invesco has determined are in good standing and when, in Invesco’s judgment, the potential income earned would justify the risks.

Although voting rights may pass with the lending of portfolio securities, a Fund will be entitled to call loaned securities, or otherwise obtain rights to vote or consent, when deemed necessary by Invesco with respect to a material event affecting securities on loan. The Fund would receive income in lieu of dividends on loaned securities and may, at the same time, generate income on the loan collateral or on the investment of any cash collateral.

If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities loaned because of insolvency or other reasons, a Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering securities loaned or gaining access to the collateral. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities loaned, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement security in the market. Lending securities entails a risk of loss to the Fund if and to the extent that the market value of the loaned securities increases and the collateral is not increased accordingly.

Any cash received as collateral for loaned securities will be invested, in accordance with a Fund’s investment guidelines, in short-term money market instruments, affiliated unregistered investment companies that are compliant with Rule 2a-7 or Affiliated Money Market Funds. Investing this cash subjects that investment to market appreciation or depreciation. For purposes of determining whether a Fund is complying with its investment policies, strategies and restrictions, the Fund will consider the loaned securities as assets of the Fund, but will not consider any collateral received as a Fund asset. The Fund will bear any loss on the investment of cash collateral.

For a discussion of tax considerations relating to lending portfolio securities, see “Dividends, Distributions and Tax Matters — Tax Matters — Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions — Securities Lending.”

Repurchase Agreements. A Fund may engage in repurchase agreement transactions involving the types of securities in which it is permitted to invest. Repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund purchases a security from a broker-dealer or bank that agrees to repurchase that security at a mutually agreed upon time and price (which is higher than the purchase price), thereby resulting in a yield to the Fund during a Fund’s holding period. A Fund may enter into a “continuing contract” or “open” repurchase agreement under which the seller is under a continuing obligation to repurchase the underlying securities from the Fund on demand and the effective interest rate is negotiated on a daily basis. Repurchase agreements may be viewed as loans made by a Fund which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase.

In any repurchase agreement, the securities that are subject to the transaction may be obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. The Funds may also engage in repurchase agreements collateralized by non-government securities that are rated investment grade or below investment grade by the requisite NRSROs or unrated securities of comparable quality, loan participations, and equities.

If the seller of a repurchase agreement fails to repurchase the security in accordance with the terms of the agreement, a Fund might incur expenses in enforcing its rights, and could experience a loss on the sale of the security subject to the repurchase agreement to the extent that the sale proceeds including accrued interest are less than the resale price provided in the repurchase agreement, including interest. In addition, although the Bankruptcy Code and other insolvency laws may provide certain protections for some types of repurchase agreements, if the seller of a repurchase agreement should be involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, a Fund may incur delay and costs in selling the underlying security or may suffer a loss of principal and interest if the value of the underlying security declines or the Fund may be deemed to be an unsecured creditor and be required to return the securities to the seller.

The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements that involve securities that may be subject to a court- ordered or other “stay” in the event of the seller’s bankruptcy or insolvency. A “stay” will prevent a Fund from selling the securities it holds under a repurchase agreement until permitted by a court or other authority. In these situations a Fund may be subject to greater risk that the value of the securities may decline before they are sold, and that a Fund may experience a loss.

The securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be marked-to-market every business day, and if the value of the securities falls below a specified percentage of the repurchase price (typically 102%), the counterparty will be required to deliver additional collateral to a Fund in the form of cash or additional securities. Custody of the securities will be maintained by a Fund’s custodian or sub-custodian for the duration of the agreement.

The Funds may invest their cash balances in joint accounts with other Invesco Funds for the purpose of investing in repurchase agreements with maturities not to exceed 60 days, and in certain other money market instruments with remaining maturities not to exceed 90 days. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans by a Fund under the 1940 Act.

Each of Invesco Developing Markets Fund, Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund and Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund will not enter into a repurchase agreement that causes more than 10% of its net assets to be subject to repurchase agreements having a maturity beyond seven days.

Restricted and Illiquid Investments. The Funds may not acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

For purposes of the above 15% limitation, an illiquid investment means any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the 1940 Act and applicable rules and regulations thereunder. Illiquid investments may include a wide variety of investments, such as, for example: (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features); (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements); (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or that provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits); (4) loan interests and other direct debt instruments; (5) municipal lease obligations; (6) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act; and (7) securities that are unregistered, that can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, or that are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act or otherwise restricted under the federal securities laws, including private placement securities sold pursuant to Regulation S.

Limitations on the resale of restricted investments may have an adverse effect on their marketability, which may prevent a Fund from disposing of them promptly at reasonable prices. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering such securities for resale, and the risk of substantial delays in effecting such registrations. A Fund’s difficulty valuing and selling restricted securities or illiquid investments may result in a loss or be costly to the Fund.

If a substantial market develops for a restricted security or illiquid investment held by a Fund, it may be treated as a liquid investment, in accordance with procedures and guidelines adopted by the Board on behalf of the Funds.

Rule 144A Securities. Rule 144A securities are securities which, while privately placed, are eligible for purchase and resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. This Rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the Funds, to trade in privately placed securities even though such securities are not registered under the 1933 Act. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund will consider whether securities purchased under Rule 144A are illiquid and thus subject to the Fund’s restriction on illiquid investments. The determination of whether a Rule 144A security is liquid or illiquid will take into account relevant market trading, and investment-specific considerations consistent with applicable SEC guidance. Additional factors that may be considered include the (i) frequency of trades and quotes; (ii) number of dealers and potential purchasers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; and (iv) nature of the security and of market place trades (for example, the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). Investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the amount of a Fund’s illiquid investments if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that involve the sale of securities held by a Fund to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, with an agreement that the Fund will repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price and date or upon demand. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold, but pays interest to the other party on the proceeds received. A Fund may employ reverse repurchase agreements (i) for temporary emergency purposes, such as to meet unanticipated net redemptions so as to avoid liquidating other portfolio securities during unfavorable market conditions; (ii) to cover short-term cash requirements resulting from the timing of trade settlements; or (iii) to take advantage of market situations where the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction is greater than the interest expense of the transaction.

Reverse repurchase agreements are a form of leverage and involve the risk that the market value of securities to be repurchased by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities, resulting in a requirement for the Fund to deliver margin to the other party in the amount of the related shortfall, or that the other party may default on its obligation, so that the Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. Leverage may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and

increase the risk of loss. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.

Mortgage Dollar Rolls. A dollar roll is a type of transaction that involves the sale by a Fund of a mortgage-backed security to a financial institution such as a bank or broker dealer, with an agreement that the Fund will repurchase a substantially similar (i.e., same type, coupon and maturity) security at an agreed upon price and date. The mortgage securities that are purchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but will generally be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories. During the period between the sale and repurchase, a Fund will not be entitled to receive interest or principal payments on the securities sold but is compensated for the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase. A Fund typically enters into a dollar roll transaction to enhance the Fund’s return either on an income or total return basis or to manage pre-payment risk.

Dollar roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by a Fund may decline below the price of the securities that the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. In the event the buyer of securities under a dollar roll transaction files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.

Unless the benefits of the sale exceed the income, capital appreciation or gains on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the investment performance of a Fund will be less than what the performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. The benefits of dollar rolls may depend upon the Adviser or Sub-Adviser’s ability to predict mortgage repayments and interest rates. There is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed.

Standby Commitments. Under a standby commitment a bank or dealer would agree to purchase, at the Fund’s option, specified securities at a specified price. Standby commitments generally increase the cost of the acquisition of the underlying security, thereby reducing the yield. Standby commitments depend upon the issuer’s ability to fulfill its obligation upon demand. Although no definitive creditworthiness criteria are used for this purpose, Invesco reviews the creditworthiness of the banks and other municipal securities dealers from which the Funds obtain standby commitments in order to evaluate those risks.

Derivatives

A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is dependent upon the value of other assets, rates or indices, referred to as “underlying reference assets.” These underlying reference assets may include, among others commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates or related indices. Derivatives include, among others, swaps, options, futures and forward foreign currency contracts. Some derivatives, such as futures and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as many types of swap agreements, are privately negotiated and entered into in the OTC market. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the Dodd-Frank Act) and implementing rules require certain types of swaps to be traded on public execution facilities and centrally cleared.

Derivatives may be used for “hedging,” which means that they may be used when the portfolio managers seek to protect the Fund’s investments from a decline in value, which could result from changes in interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations and other market factors. Derivatives may also be used when the portfolio managers seek to increase liquidity, implement a tax or cash management strategy, invest in a particular stock, bond or segment of the market in a more efficient or less expensive way, modify the characteristics of the Fund’s portfolio investments, for example, duration, and/or to enhance return. However derivatives are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon, among other factors, the portfolio managers’ ability to predict and understand relevant market movements.

Certain derivatives involve leverage, that is, the amount invested may be smaller than the full economic exposure of the derivative instrument and the Fund could lose more than it invested. The leverage involved in these derivative transactions may result in the Fund’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of its investments.

Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) Regulation and Exclusions:

For Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund, Invesco Global Allocation Fund, Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund, Invesco International Bond Fund, Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund and Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund:

The Adviser is registered as a commodity pool operator (CPO) under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC and is subject to CFTC regulation with respect to the Funds. The CFTC has recently adopted rules regarding the disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping requirements that will apply with respect to the Funds as a result of Invesco’s registration as a CPO. Generally, these rules allow for substituted compliance with CFTC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements, based on Invesco’s compliance with comparable SEC requirements. This means that for most of the CFTC’s disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements applicable to Invesco as the Funds’ CPO, Invesco’s compliance with SEC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements will be deemed to fulfill Invesco’s CFTC compliance obligations. However, as a result of CFTC regulation with respect to the Funds, the Funds may incur additional compliance and other expenses. The Adviser is also registered as a commodity trading advisor (CTA) but, with respect to the Funds, relies on an exemption from CTA regulation available for a CTA that also serves as a Fund’s CPO.

For Invesco Core Bond Fund, Invesco Developing Markets Fund, Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth, Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund, Invesco Greater China Fund, Invesco Health Care Fund and Invesco World Bond Factor Fund:

With respect to the Funds, Invesco has claimed an exclusion from the definition of CPO under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC and, therefore, is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO. In addition, Invesco is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of CTA under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC with respect to the Funds.

The terms of the CPO exclusion require each Fund, among other things, to adhere to certain limits on its investments in “commodity interests.” Commodity interests include commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable forwards, as further described below. Because Invesco and the Funds intend to comply with the terms of the CPO exclusion, the Funds may, in the future, need to adjust their investment strategies, consistent with their investment objectives, to limit their investments in these types of instruments. The Funds are not intended as vehicles for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps markets. The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved Invesco’s reliance on these exclusions, or the Funds, their investment strategies, their prospectuses or this SAI.

Generally, the exclusion from CPO regulation on which Invesco relies requires the Funds to meet one of the following tests for its commodity interest positions, other than positions entered into for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined in the rules of the CFTC): either (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Funds’ positions in commodity interests may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Funds’ portfolio (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of the Funds’ commodity interest positions, determined at the time the most recent such position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Funds’ portfolio (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of these trading limitations, the Funds may not market themselves as commodity pools or otherwise as vehicles for trading the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps markets. If, in the future, a Fund can no longer satisfy these requirements, Invesco would withdraw its notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of a CPO, and Invesco would be subject to registration and regulation as a CPO with respect to the Fund in accordance with the CFTC rules that allow for substituted compliance with CFTC

disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements based on Invesco’s compliance with comparable SEC requirements. However, as a result of CFTC regulation with respect to the Fund, the Fund may incur additional compliance and other expenses.

General risks associated with derivatives:

The use by the Funds of derivatives may involve certain risks, as described below.

Counterparty Risk: The risk that a counterparty under a derivatives agreement will not live up to its obligations, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Certain agreements may not contemplate delivery of collateral to support fully a counterparty’s contractual obligation; therefore, the Fund might need to rely solely on contractual remedies to satisfy the counterparty’s full obligation. As with any contractual remedy, there is no guarantee that the Fund will be successful in pursuing such remedies, particularly in the event of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Many derivative trading agreements, such as an ISDA Master Agreement governing OTC swaps, provide for netting of derivatives transactions governed by the agreement in the event of a default by either counterparty, pursuant to which the Fund’s and the counterparty’s obligations under the relevant transactions can be netted and set-off against each other, in which case a Fund’s obligation or right will be the net amount owed to or by the counterparty. Netting agreements are intended to function as a counterparty credit risk mitigant, but in the case of a bankruptcy or insolvency of the relevant counterparty, are subject to the risk that the insolvency regime applicable to the counterparty might not recognize the enforceability of the contractual netting provisions. The Fund will not enter into a derivative transaction with any counterparty that Invesco and/or the Sub-Advisers believe does not have the financial resources to honor its obligations under the transaction. Invesco monitors the financial stability of counterparties. Where the obligations of the counterparty are guaranteed, Invesco monitors the financial stability of the guarantor and the counterparty. If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the derivative would also likely decline, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund.

Leverage Risk: Leverage exists when the Fund can lose more than it originally invests because it purchases or sells an instrument or enters into a transaction without investing an amount equal to the full economic exposure of the instrument or transaction. Leverage may cause the Fund to be more volatile because it may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. The use of some derivatives may result in economic leverage, which does not result in the possibility of the Fund incurring obligations beyond its initial investment, but that nonetheless permits the Fund to gain exposure that is greater than would be the case in an unlevered instrument.

Liquidity Risk: The risk that a particular derivative is difficult to sell or liquidate. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses to the Fund.

Pricing Risk: The risk that the value of a particular derivative does not move in tandem or as otherwise expected relative to the corresponding underlying instruments.

Special Regulatory Risks of Derivatives: The regulation of derivatives is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. However, it is possible that developments in government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, such as speculative position limits on certain types of derivatives, or limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions, may limit or prevent the Fund from using or limit the Fund’s use of these instruments effectively as a part of its investment strategy, and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Invesco will continue to monitor developments in the area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into desired swap agreements. New requirements, even if not directly applicable to the Fund, may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business.

Tax Risks: For a discussion of the tax considerations relating to derivative transactions, see “Dividends, Distributions and Tax Matters — Tax Matters — Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions.”

General risks of hedging strategies using derivatives:

The use by the Funds of hedging strategies involves special considerations and risks, as described below.

Successful use of hedging transactions depends upon Invesco’s and the Sub-Advisers’ ability to predict correctly the direction of changes in the value of the applicable markets and securities, contracts and/or currencies. While Invesco and the Sub-Advisers are experienced in the use of derivatives for hedging, there can be no assurance that any particular hedging strategy will succeed.

In a hedging transaction, there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between the price movements of an instrument used for hedging and the price movements of the investments being hedged. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as changing interest rates, market liquidity, and speculative or other pressures on the markets in which the hedging instrument is traded.

Hedging strategies, if successful, can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements in the investments being hedged. However, hedging strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements in the hedged investments. Investors should bear in mind that a Fund is not obligated to actively engage in hedging. For example, a Fund may not have attempted to hedge its exposure to a particular foreign currency at a time when doing so might have avoided a loss.

Types of derivatives:

Swaps. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between a Fund and another party (the counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant (FCM) and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in returns) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular asset such as an equity or debt security, commodity, currency, interest rate or index, calculated with respect to a “notional amount.” The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular security, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular foreign currency, or a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. Swap agreements can also be based on credit and other events. In some cases, such as cross currency swaps, the swap agreement may require delivery (exchange) of the entire notional value of one designated currency for another designated currency.

A Fund will typically only enter into swap agreements with counterparties who use standard International Swap and Dealers Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) contract documentation. ISDA establishes industry standards for the documentation of swap agreements. Virtually all principal swap participants use ISDA documentation because it has an established set of definitions, contract terms and counterparty obligations, including provisions for master netting agreements. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. Additionally, ISDA master agreements include credit related contingent features which allow Counterparties to OTC derivatives to terminate derivative contracts prior to maturity in the event that, for example, the Fund’s net assets decline by a stated percentage or the Fund fails to meet the terms of its ISDA master agreements, which would cause the Fund to accelerate payment of any net liability owed to the counterparty.

Comprehensive swaps regulation. The Dodd-Frank Act and analogous international laws enacted after the financial crisis imposed comprehensive regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market participants. The U.S. regulatory framework includes: (1) registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap participants; (2) requiring central clearing and electronic execution of standardized swaps on swap execution facilities; (3) imposing margin requirements on uncleared swap transactions; (4) regulating and monitoring swap transactions through position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (5) imposing record keeping and centralized and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as “security-based swaps,” which includes swaps on single securities or narrow-based indices of securities and single name credit default swaps.

Uncleared swaps. In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. In the event that one party to the swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the other. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting party or the non-defaulting party, under certain circumstances, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. Early termination payments may be calculated in various ways, but generally represent the amount that the “in-the-money” party would have to pay to replace the swap as of the date of its termination.

During the term of an uncleared swap, a Fund will be required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if all outstanding swaps between the parties were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments (variation margin). Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the swap contract resulting from, among other things market value changes in the underlying investment referenced in the swap. Likewise, the counterparty will be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to a Fund. However, the amount pledged will not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to a Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.

Regulations requiring initial margin to be posted by certain market participants for uncleared swaps have been adopted and are being phased in over time. When these rules take effect with respect to the Funds, if a Fund is deemed to have material swaps exposure (generally, an average gross notional amount of uncleared swaps and foreign currency forward contracts at certain measurement dates exceeding $8 billion), it will under these regulations be required to post initial margin in addition to variation margin.

Uncleared swaps are not traded on exchanges. As a result, swap participants may not be as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, a Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. The Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amounts under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty. In such an event, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreement, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor. If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.

Cleared Swaps. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and trading on execution facilities. The Dodd-Frank Act and analogous international laws will ultimately require the clearing and trading on execution facilities of many swaps. To date, the CFTC has designated only certain of the most common credit default index swaps and certain interest rate swaps as subject to mandatory clearing and certain public execution facilities have made these swaps available to trade, but it is expected that additional categories of swaps will in the future be designated as subject to mandatory clearing and trade execution requirements.

In a cleared swap, a Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty.

When a Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the clearinghouse (via the FCM) an amount referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the clearinghouse, and are typically calculated as an amount based on the volatility in market value of the cleared swap over a fixed period, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the clearinghouse. During the term of the swap agreement, “variation margin” may also be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund. If the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional variation margin payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of the Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional variation margin to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain are paid to the Fund.

Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the FCM through which the Fund holds an open position, or the clearinghouse in a swap contract. The assets of a Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the FCM or clearinghouse because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the clearinghouse. Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.

With cleared swaps, a Fund may not be able to obtain terms as favorable as it would be able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with a Fund, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional margin requirements with respect to the Fund’s investment in certain types of swaps. Clearinghouses and FCMs can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions upon the occurrence of certain events, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement.

Finally, a Fund is subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or clearinghouse is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, the Fund may be required to break the trade and make an early termination payment to the executing broker.

Commonly used swap agreements include:

Credit Default Swaps (CDS): A CDS is an agreement between two parties where the first party agrees to make one or more payments to the second party, while the second party assumes the risk of certain defaults, generally a failure to pay or bankruptcy of the issuer on a referenced debt obligation. CDS transactions are typically individually negotiated and structured. A Fund may enter into CDS to create long or short exposure to domestic or foreign corporate debt securities or sovereign debt securities.

A Fund may buy a CDS (buy credit protection). In this transaction the Fund makes a stream of payments based on a fixed interest rate (the premium) over the life of the swap in exchange for a counterparty (the seller) taking on the risk of default of a referenced debt obligation (the Reference Obligation). If a credit event occurs for the Reference Obligation, the Fund would cease making premium payments and it would deliver defaulted bonds to the seller. In return, the seller would pay the notional value of the Reference Obligation to the Fund. Alternatively, the two counterparties may agree to cash settlement in which the seller delivers to the Fund (buyer) the difference between the market value and the notional value of the Reference Obligation. If

no event of default occurs, the Fund pays the fixed premium to the seller for the life of the contract, and no other exchange occurs.

Alternatively, a Fund may sell a CDS (sell credit protection). In this transaction the Fund will receive premium payments from the buyer in exchange for taking the risk of default of the Reference Obligation. If a credit event occurs for the Reference Obligation, the buyer would cease to make premium payments to the Fund and deliver the Reference Obligation to the Fund. In return, the Fund would pay the notional value of the Reference Obligation to the buyer. Alternatively, the two counterparties may agree to cash settlement in which the Fund would pay the buyer the difference between the market value and the notional value of the Reference Obligation. If no event of default occurs, the Fund receives the premium payments over the life of the contract, and no other exchange occurs.

Credit Default Index Swaps (CDX): A CDX is a swap on an index of CDS. A CDX allows an investor to manage credit risk or to take a position on a basket of credit entities (such as CDS or CMBS) in a more efficient manner than transacting in single name CDS. If a credit event occurs in one of the underlying companies, the protection is paid out via the delivery of the defaulted bond by the buyer of protection in return for payment of the notional value of the defaulted bond by the seller of protection or it may be settled through a cash settlement between the two parties. The underlying company is then removed from the index. New series of CDX are issued on a regular basis. A Commercial Mortgage-Backed Index (CMBX) is a type of CDX made up of 25 tranches of commercial mortgage-backed securities (See “Debt Instruments — Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities”) rather than CDS. Unlike other CDX contracts where credit events are intended to capture an event of default, CMBX involves a pay-as-you-go (PAUG) settlement process designed to capture non-default events that affect the cash flow of the reference obligation. PAUG involves ongoing, two-way payments over the life of a contract between the buyer and the seller of protection and is designed to closely mirror the cash flow of a portfolio of cash commercial mortgage-backed securities. A CDX index tranche provides access to customized risk, exposing each investor to losses at different levels of subordination. The lowest part of the capital structure is called the “equity tranche” as it has exposure to the first losses experienced in the basket. The mezzanine and senior tranches are higher in the capital structure but can also be exposed to loss in value. Investments are subject to liquidity risks as well as other risks associated with investments in credit default swaps.

Foreign Exchange Swaps: A foreign exchange swap involves an agreement between two parties to exchange two different currencies on a specific date at a fixed rate, and an agreement for the reverse exchange of those two currencies at a later date and at a fixed rate. Foreign exchange swaps were exempted from the definition of “swaps” by the U.S. Treasury and are therefore not subject to many rules under the CEA that apply to swaps, including the mandatory clearing requirement. They are also not considered “commodity interests” for purposes of CEA Regulations and Exclusions, discussed above. However, foreign exchange swaps nevertheless remain subject to the CFTC’s trade reporting requirements, enhanced anti-evasion authority, and strengthened business conduct standards.

Currency Swaps: A currency swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange periodic cash flows on a notional amount of two or more currencies based on the relative value differential between them. Currency swaps typically involve the delivery of the entire notional values of the two designated currencies. In such a situation, the full notional value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. A Fund may also enter into currency swaps on a net basis, which means the two different currency payment streams under the swap agreement are converted and netted out to a single cash payment in just one of the currencies.

Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These actions could result in losses to a Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive a specified currency or funds in settlement of obligations, including swap transaction obligations. These actions could also have an adverse effect on a Fund’s swap transactions or cause a Fund’s hedging positions to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring unnecessary transaction costs.

Interest Rate Swaps: An agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange a floating rate payment for a fixed rate payment based on a specified principal or notional amount. In other words, Party A agrees to pay Party B a fixed interest rate multiplied by a notional amount and in return Party B agrees to pay Party A a variable interest rate multiplied by the same notional amount.

Index Swap Transactions. Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund and Invesco Global Allocation Fund may enter into a swap on an index, which involves the exchange by the Fund with another party of the respective amounts payable to a notional principal amount related to one or more securities.

Caps, floors and collars. Other types of swaps include (i) interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap,” (ii) interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level, or “floor,” and (iii) interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.

Inflation Swaps: Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index, such as the Consumer Price Index, over the term of the swap (with some lag on the referenced inflation index), and the other party pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the net asset value of a Fund against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an inflation index. The value of inflation swap agreements is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.

Swaptions: An option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

Swaptions are considered to be swaps for purposes of CFTC regulation. Although they are currently traded OTC, the CFTC may in the future designate certain options on swaps as subject to mandatory clearing and exchange trading.

Commodity Swaps: A commodity swap agreement is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of a commodity-based underlying instrument (such as a specific commodity or commodity index) in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from another commodity-based underlying instrument. In a total return commodity swap, a Fund receives the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of a commodity index or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee.

Total Return Swaps: An agreement in which one party makes payments based on a set rate, either fixed or variable, while the other party makes payments based on the return of an underlying asset, which includes both the income it generates and any capital gains.

Volatility and Variance Swaps: A volatility swap involves an exchange between a Fund and a counterparty of periodic payments based on the measured volatility of an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or other reference asset over a specified time frame. Depending on the structure of the swap, either the Fund’s or the counterparty’s payment obligation will typically be based on the realized volatility of the reference asset as measured by changes in its price or level over a specified time period while the other party’s payment obligation will be based on a specified rate representing expected volatility for the reference asset at the time the swap is executed, or the measured volatility of a different reference asset over a specified time period. The Fund will typically make or lose money on a volatility swap depending on the magnitude of the reference asset’s volatility, or size of the movements in its price, over a specified time period, rather than general increases or decreases in the price of the reference asset. Volatility swaps are often used to speculate on future volatility levels, to trade the spread between realized and expected volatility,

or to decrease the volatility exposure of other investments held by the Fund. Variance swaps are similar to volatility swaps except payments are based on the difference between the implied and measured volatility mathematically squared.

Bundled Securities. In lieu of investing directly in securities, the Fund may from time to time invest in Targeted Returns Index Securities Trusts (TRAINS) or similar instruments representing a fractional undivided interest in an underlying pool of securities often referred to a "Bundled Securities". Bundled Securities are typically represented by certificates and the Funds will be permitted at any time to exchange such certificates for the underlying securities evidenced by such certificates and thus the certificates are generally subject to the same risks as the underlying securities held in the trust. The Fund will examine the characteristics of the underlying securities for compliance with investment criteria but will determine liquidity with reference to the certificates itself. TRAINS and other trust certificates are generally not registered under the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act and therefore must be held by qualified purchasers and resold to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Investments in certain TRAINS or other trust certificates may have the effect of increasing the level of Fund illiquidity to the extent the Fund, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing such securities.

Options. Each Fund may engage in certain strategies involving options to attempt to manage the risk of its investments or, in certain circumstances, for investment purposes (e.g., as substitute for investing in securities), to speculate on future volatility levels or to decrease the volatility exposure of other investments held by the Fund. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option at the exercise price during the term of the option (for American style options) or on a specified date (for European style options), the security, currency or other instrument underlying the option (or delivery of a cash settlement price, in the case of certain options, such as an index option and other cash-settled options). An option on a CDS or a futures contract (described below) gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a CDS or assume a position in a futures contract. Option transactions present the possibility of large amounts of exposure (or leverage), which may result in a Fund’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the option.

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the price volatility of the underlying investment and general market and interest rate conditions.

A Fund will not write (sell) options if, immediately after such sale, the aggregate value of securities or obligations underlying the outstanding options would exceed 20% of the Fund’s total assets. A Fund will not purchase options if, immediately after such purchase, the aggregate premiums paid for outstanding options would exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets.

A Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into an offsetting closing transaction. For example, a Fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option, which is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, a Fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option, which is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a Fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

Options may be either listed on an exchange or traded in OTC markets. Listed options are tri-party contracts (i.e., performance of the obligations of the purchaser and seller are guaranteed by the exchange or clearing corporation) and have standardized strike prices and expiration dates. OTC options are two-party contracts with negotiated strike prices and expiration dates and differ from exchange-traded options in that OTC options are transacted with dealers directly and not through a clearing corporation (which guarantees performance). In the case of OTC options, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option at any specific time; therefore the Fund may be required to treat some or all OTC options as illiquid investments. Although a Fund will enter into OTC options only with dealers that are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with it, there is no assurance that the Fund will in

fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to exercise or expiration. In the event of insolvency of the dealer, a Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration.

Types of Options:

Put Options on Securities. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, to the writer, the underlying security, contract or foreign currency at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option (for American style options) or on a specified date (for European style options), regardless of the market price or exchange rate of the security, contract or foreign currency, as the case may be, at the time of exercise. If the purchaser exercises the put option, the writer of a put option is obligated to buy the underlying security, contract or foreign currency for the exercise price.

Call Options on Securities. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, from the writer, the underlying security, contract or foreign currency at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option (for American style options) or on a specified date (for European style options), regardless of the market price or exchange rate of the security, contract or foreign currency, as the case may be, at the time of exercise. If the purchaser exercises the call option, the writer of a call option is obligated to sell to and deliver the underlying security, contract or foreign currency to the purchaser of the call option for the exercise price.

Index Options. Index options (or options on securities indices) give the option buyer the right to receive, upon exercise, a cash settlement amount instead of the securities included in the relevant index, if the closing level of the securities index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index on the relevant option expiration date and the exercise price of the call or put times a specified multiple (the multiplier), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference.

The risks of investment in index options may be greater than options on securities, especially if a Fund writes index call options. Because index options are settled in cash, when a Fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A Fund can offset some of the risk of writing an index call option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those included in the underlying index. However, the Fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities in the index and, as a result, bears the risk that the value of the securities held will not be perfectly correlated with the value of the index.

CDS Options. A CDS option transaction gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a CDS at a specified future date and under specified terms in exchange for paying a market based purchase price or premium. The writer of the option bears the risk of any unfavorable move in the value of the CDS relative to the market value on the exercise date, while the purchaser may allow the option to expire unexercised.

Non-Standard Options. In addition to the options described above, certain options used by the Fund may have non-standard payout structures or other complex features. These options, which are sometimes referred to as “exotic” options, include, but are not limited to: (i) digital options (otherwise known as binary options or all-or-nothing options), which are cash-settled options that provide for a pre-determined all-or-nothing payment if, at the option expiration date, the price of the reference asset exceeds or is less than (as applicable) a particular threshold price; and (ii) barrier or window barrier options, which come into existence (knock-in) or cease to exist (knock-out) if the price of the reference asset reaches a particular threshold price before the option’s expiration date. These options are typically traded over-the-counter (OTC) and entail all of the investment risks associated with OTC options discussed herein. In addition, because of their non-standard terms, these options may have price movements that vary markedly from those of simple put or call options. Exotic options may be more difficult to value than more standard types of options, and may be subject to greater liquidity risk. While some exotic options have fairly active markets, others are mostly thinly traded instruments. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund uses options that provide for all-or-nothing payouts (e.g., digital options) for hedging purposes, there may be a heightened risk that the payout will not fully offset

the downside risk being hedged. Certain exotic options are considered swaps, and therefore are included in the definition of “commodity interests.”

Option Techniques:

Writing Options. A Fund may write options to generate additional income. As the writer of an option, the Fund may have no control over when the underlying reference asset must be sold (in the case of a call option) or purchased (in the case of a put option), if the option was structured as an American style option, because the option purchaser may notify the Fund of exercise at any time prior to the expiration of the option. In addition, if the option is cash-settled instead of deliverable, the Fund is obligated to pay the option purchaser the difference between the exercise price and the value of the underlying reference asset, instead of selling or purchasing the underlying reference asset, if the option is exercised. In general, options are rarely exercised prior to expiration. Whether or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the premium.

A Fund would write a put option at an exercise price that, reduced by the premium received on the option, reflects the price it is willing to pay for the underlying reference asset. In return for the premium received for writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk that the price of the underlying reference asset will decline below the exercise price, in which case the put option may be exercised and the Fund may suffer a loss.

In return for the premium received for writing a call option on a reference asset, the Fund foregoes the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying reference asset above the exercise price so long as the option remains open, but retains the risk of loss should the price of the reference asset decline.

If an option that a Fund has written expires, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium; however, such gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying reference asset, held by the Fund during the option period. If a call option is exercised, a Fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying reference asset, which will be increased or offset by the premium received. The obligation imposed upon the writer of an option is terminated upon the expiration of the option, or such earlier time at which a Fund effects a closing purchase transaction by purchasing an option (put or call as the case may be) identical to that previously sold. However, once a Fund has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver (for a call) or purchase (for a put) the underlying reference asset at the exercise price (if deliverable) or pay the difference between the exercise price and the value of the underlying reference asset (if cash-settled). Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund and Invesco Global Allocation Fund can buy a put or call option only if, after the purchase, the value of all call and put options held by the Fund will not exceed 5% of the Fund's total assets.

Purchasing Options. A Fund may purchase a put option on an underlying reference asset owned by the Fund in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the underlying reference asset held by the Fund; may purchase put options on underlying reference assets against which it has written other put options; or may speculate on the value of an underlying reference asset, index or quantitative measure. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any profit realized when the underlying reference asset is delivered upon the exercise of the put option. Conversely, if the underlying reference asset does not decline in value, the option may expire worthless and the premium paid for the protective put would be lost. A put option may also be purchased on an investment the Fund does not own.

A Fund may purchase a call option for the purpose of acquiring the underlying reference asset for its portfolio, or on underlying reference assets against which it has written other call options. The Fund is not required to own the underlying reference asset in order to purchase a call option. If the Fund does not own the underlying position, the purchase of a call option would enable a Fund to acquire the underlying reference asset at the exercise price of the call option plus the premium paid. So long as it holds a call option, rather than the underlying reference asset itself, the Fund is partially protected from any unexpected increase in the market price of the underlying reference asset. If the market price does not exceed the exercise price, the Fund could purchase the underlying reference asset on the open market and could allow the call option to expire, incurring a loss only to the extent of the premium paid for the option.

Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts give the holder the right to assume a position in a futures contract (to buy the futures contract if the option is a call and to sell the futures contract if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option.

Straddles/Spreads/Collars. Each Fund for hedging purposes, or for speculative purposes, may enter into straddles, spreads or collars to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the Fund's overall position.

Spread and straddle options transactions. In “spread” transactions, a Fund buys and writes a put or buys and writes a call on the same underlying instrument with the options having different exercise prices, expiration dates, or both. In “straddles,” a Fund purchases a put option and a call option or writes a put option and a call option on the same instrument with the same expiration date and typically the same exercise price. When a Fund engages in spread and straddle transactions, it seeks to profit from differences in the option premiums paid and received and in the market prices of the related options positions when they are closed out or sold. Because these transactions require the Fund to buy and/or write more than one option simultaneously, the Fund’s ability to enter into such transactions and to liquidate its positions when necessary or deemed advisable may be more limited than if the Fund were to buy or sell a single option. Similarly, costs incurred by the Fund in connection with these transactions will in many cases be greater than if the Fund were to buy or sell a single option.

Option Collars. A Fund also may use option “collars.” A “collar” position combines a put option purchased by the Fund (the right of the Fund to sell a specific security within a specified period) with a call option that is written by the Fund (the right of the counterparty to buy the same security) in a single instrument. The Fund’s right to sell the security is typically set at a price that is below the counterparty’s right to buy the security. Thus, the combined position “collars” the performance of the underlying security, providing protection from depreciation below the price specified in the put option, and allowing for participation in any appreciation up to the price specified by the call option.

Rights and Warrants. Rights are equity securities representing a preemptive right of stockholders to purchase additional shares of a stock at the time of a new issuance, before the stock is offered to the general public. A stockholder who purchases rights may be able to retain the same ownership percentage after the new stock offering. A right usually enables the stockholder to purchase common stock at a price below the initial offering price. A Fund that purchases a right takes the risk that the right might expire worthless because the market value of the common stock falls below the price fixed by the right.

Each Fund (except for Invesco World Bond Factor Fund) may purchase warrants. A warrant gives the holder the right to purchase securities from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame and is similar to a call option. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued by the company that will issue the underlying security, whereas options are not issued by the company. Young, unseasoned companies often issue warrants to finance their operations.

Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund and Invesco Global Allocation Fund can invest up to 5% of its total assets in rights and warrants, not including rights and warrants the Fund acquires as part of the securities units or that are attached to other securities the Fund buys.

Futures Contracts.

A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specified amount of a specified security, currency, commodity, interest rate or index (or deliver a cash settlement price, in the case of certain futures such as an index future, interest rate future or volatility future) for a specified price at a designated future date, time and place. A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying instrument or asset called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying instrument or asset called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. Futures contracts are generally bought and sold on futures exchanges referred to as designated contract markets and are held through a broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), that is a member of the designated contract market and its related clearinghouse. The designated contract market sets the specifications of the relevant futures contract,

including the date, time and place of delivery or settlement of the contract and the quantity of the underlying instrument or asset per contract.

The Fund will only enter into futures contracts that are traded (either domestically or internationally) on futures exchanges or certain exempt markets including exempt boards of trade and electronic trading facilities; and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying instrument or asset. Futures exchanges and trading thereon in the United States are regulated under the CEA by the CFTC. Foreign futures exchanges or exempt markets and trading thereon are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same regulatory controls. In addition, futures contracts that are traded on non-U.S. exchanges or exempt markets may not be as liquid as those purchased on CFTC-designated contract markets. For a further discussion of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities, see “Foreign Investments” above.

Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold, and margin deposits must be maintained at all times when a futures contract is outstanding. “Margin” for a futures contract is the amount of funds that must be deposited by a Fund with the applicable FCM in order to initiate trading in the futures contract and maintain its open positions in futures contract. A margin deposit made when the futures contract is entered (initial margin) is intended to ensure the Fund’s performance under the futures contract. The initial margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the futures contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange or the FCM during the term of the futures contract.

Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” received from or paid to the FCM through which a Fund holds the futures contract will be made on a daily basis as the futures contract price fluctuates making the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking-to-market. When the futures contract is closed out, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain are paid to the Fund and the FCM pays the Fund any excess gain over the margin amount.

There is a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract. The assets of a Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the FCM or clearinghouse because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the clearinghouse.

Closing out an open futures contract is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or asset and the same delivery or settlement date. There can be no assurance, however, that a Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting contract with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If a Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting contract, it will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.

In addition, if a Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures contract position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments.

Types of Futures Contracts:

Commodity Futures: A commodity futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to buy or sell a particular commodity at a specified price at some time in the future. Commodity futures contracts are highly volatile; therefore, the prices of a Fund’s shares may be subject to greater volatility to the extent it invests in commodity futures.

Currency Futures: A currency futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded contract to buy or sell a particular currency at a specified price at a future date (commonly three months or more). Currency futures contracts may be highly volatile and thus result in substantial gains or losses to the Fund.

A Fund may either exchange the currencies specified at the maturity of a currency futures contract or, prior to maturity, enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. A Fund may also enter into currency futures contracts that do not provide for physical settlement of the two currencies but instead are settled by a single cash payment calculated as the difference between the agreed upon exchange rate and the spot rate at settlement based upon an agreed upon notional amount. Closing transactions with respect to currency futures contracts are usually effected with the counterparty to the original currency futures contract.

Index Futures: An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract that provides for the delivery, at a designated date, time and place, of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of trading on the date specified in the contract and the price agreed upon in the futures contract; no physical delivery of securities comprising the index is made. Index futures can be based on stock, bond or other indices. Such indices cannot be purchased or sold directly.

Interest Rate Futures: An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract in which the specified underlying security is either an interest-bearing fixed income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures and Eurodollar futures contracts. The specified security for U.S. Treasury futures is a U.S. Treasury security. The specified security for Eurodollar futures is the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the London wholesale money market.

Dividend Futures: A dividend futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell an amount equal to the total dividends paid by a selected security, basket of securities or index, over a period of time for a specified price that is based on the expected dividend payments from the selected security, basket of securities or index.

Security Futures: A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell, in the future, a specified quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security), or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price.

Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts are similar to options on securities or currencies except that options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures contract position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures contract margin account.

The Funds currently may not invest in any security (including futures contracts or options thereon) that is secured by physical commodities.

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts. Each Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts to hedge against adverse movements in the foreign currencies in which portfolio securities are denominated. Certain Funds may also enter into forward foreign currency transactions for speculative purposes, including to seek additional income or increased returns for the Fund.

A forward foreign currency contract is an obligation to buy or sell a particular currency in exchange for another currency, which may be U.S. dollars, at a specified exchange rate on a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are typically individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. A Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts with respect to a specific purchase or sale of a security, or with respect to its portfolio positions generally.

At the maturity of a forward foreign currency contract, a Fund may either exchange the currencies specified at the maturity of the contract or, prior to maturity, a Fund may enter into a closing transaction

involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward foreign currency contracts may or may not be effected with the counterparty to the original forward contract. A Fund may also enter into forward foreign currency contracts that do not provide for physical exchange of the two currencies on the settlement date but instead provide for settlement by a single cash payment calculated as the difference between the agreed upon exchange rate and the spot rate at settlement based upon an agreed upon notional amount (non-deliverable forwards).

Under definitions adopted by the CFTC and SEC, non-deliverable forwards are considered swaps, and therefore are included in the definition of “commodity interests.” Although non-deliverable forwards have historically been traded in the OTC market, as swaps they may in the future be required to be centrally cleared and traded on public execution facilities. For more information on central clearing and trading of cleared swaps, see “Swaps” and “Special Regulatory Risks of Derivatives.” Forward foreign currency contracts that qualify as deliverable forwards are not regulated as swaps for most purposes, and are not included in the definition of “commodity interests.” However these forwards are subject to some requirements applicable to swaps, including reporting to swap data repositories, documentation requirements, and business conduct rules applicable to swap dealers. CFTC regulation of forward foreign currency contracts, especially non-deliverable forwards, may restrict a Fund’s ability to use these instruments in the manner described above or subject Invesco to CFTC registration and regulation as a CPO.

The cost to a Fund of engaging in forward foreign currency contracts varies with factors such as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period, differences in prevailing interest rates in the jurisdictions associated with the two currencies and the prevailing market conditions. Because forward foreign currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are typically involved. The use of forward foreign currency contracts for hedging does not eliminate fluctuations in the prices of the underlying securities a Fund owns or intends to acquire, but it does establish a rate of exchange in advance. While forward foreign currency contract sales limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, they also limit any potential gain that might result should the value of the currencies increase.

LIBOR Transition Risk

A Fund may have investments in financial instruments that utilize the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) as the reference or benchmark rate for variable interest rate calculations (including variable or floating rate debt securities or loans and derivatives such as interest rate futures or swaps). LIBOR is intended to measure the rate generally at which banks can lend and borrow from one another in the relevant currency on an unsecured basis. LIBOR was a common benchmark interest rate index used to make adjustments to variable-rate debt instruments, to determine interest rates for a variety of financial instruments and borrowing arrangements and as reference rate in derivative contracts. A Fund’s investments may pay interest at variable or floating rates based on LIBOR, may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR or may otherwise reference LIBOR as a reference rate to determine payment obligations or financing terms.

In the years following the 2008 financial crisis, the integrity of LIBOR was increasingly questioned because several banks contributing to its calculation were accused of rate manipulation and because of a general contraction in the unsecured interbank lending market. As a result, regulators and financial industry working groups in several jurisdictions have worked over the past several years to identify alternative reference rates (ARRs) to replace LIBOR and to assist with the transition to the new ARRs. The industry working group in the United States, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee, has recommended adoption of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as a replacement for USD LIBOR. SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of overnight borrowing of cash through repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities.

In connection with the LIBOR transition, on March 5, 2021 the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the regulator that oversees LIBOR, announced that the majority of LIBOR rates would cease to be published or would no longer be representative on January 1, 2022. Specifically, the publication of all settings of British Pound Sterling, Swiss Franc, Euro and Japanese Yen LIBOR, as well as the 1-week and 2-month settings of

U.S. Dollar (USD) LIBOR were phased out at the end of 2021. The remaining settings of USD LIBOR, which are the most widely used in financial markets, will continue to be published until June 2023 to allow for an orderly transition away from these rates. Additionally, key regulators have instructed banking institutions to cease entering into new contracts that reference these remaining USD LIBOR settings after December 31, 2021, subject to certain limited exceptions.

There remains uncertainty and risks relating to the continuing LIBOR transition and its effects on a Fund and the instruments in which a Fund may invest. For example, there can be no assurance that the composition or characteristics of any ARRs or financial instruments in which a Fund invests that utilize ARRs will be similar to or produce the same value or economic equivalence as LIBOR or that these instruments will have the same volume or liquidity. Additionally, although regulators have generally prohibited banking institutions from entering into new contracts that reference those USD LIBOR settings that continue to exist, there remains uncertainty and risks relating to certain “legacy” USD LIBOR instruments that were issued or entered into before December 31, 2021 and the process by which a replacement interest rate will be identified and implemented into these instruments when USD LIBOR is ultimately discontinued. While some “legacy” USD LIBOR instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative or “fallback” rate-setting methodology, there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of such alternative or “fallback” methodologies to replicate USD LIBOR; other “legacy” USD LIBOR instruments may not include such “fallback” rate-setting provisions at all. Certain legislation has been promulgated that would replace references to USD LIBOR in certain “legacy” USD LIBOR instruments with a specified replacement rate, such as SOFR, by operation of law; however there remains significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such legislation. As a result, the ongoing LIBOR transition might lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in, or a reduction in the value of, “legacy” USD LIBOR instruments held by a Fund; increased difficulty for borrowers associated with these instruments to refinance, the proceeds of which are needed to repay a Fund; or diminished effectiveness of any hedging strategies that a Fund may seek to implement in connection with these instruments. All of the foregoing may adversely affect a Fund’s performance or NAV.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Considerations

The ESG considerations described herein may not be used by a Fund and will vary depending on a Fund's particular investment strategy and in accordance with what a Fund’s investment team deems relevant when making investment decisions. The ESG considerations described herein may not be applied or evaluated with respect to each issuer or Fund investment. Further, a Fund’s prospectus may describe additional ESG strategies and risks.

ESG considerations, either quantitative or qualitative, may be utilized as a component of a Fund's investment process to implement its investment strategy in pursuit of its investment objective. ESG factors may be incorporated to evaluate an issuer, as part of risk analysis, credit analysis or in other manners. ESG factors may vary across types of investments and issuers, and not every ESG factor may be identified or evaluated. The incorporation of ESG factors may affect a Fund’s exposure to certain issuers or industries and may not work as intended. A Fund may underperform other funds that do not assess an issuer’s ESG factors as part of the investment process or that use a different methodology to identify and/or incorporate ESG factors. Because ESG considerations may be used as one part of an overall investment process, a Fund may still invest in securities of issuers that are not considered ESG-focused or that may be viewed as having a high ESG risk profile. As investors can differ in their views regarding ESG factors, a Fund may invest in issuers that do not reflect the views with respect to ESG of any particular investor. Information used by a Fund to evaluate such factors, including information from reliance on third-party research and/or proprietary research, may not be readily available, complete or accurate, and may vary across providers and issuers as ESG is not a uniformly defined characteristic, which could negatively impact a Fund’s ability to accurately assess an issuer, which could negatively impact a Fund’s performance. There is no guarantee that the evaluation of ESG considerations will be additive to a Fund’s performance.

Receipt of Issuer’s Nonpublic Information

The Adviser or Sub-Advisers (through their portfolio managers, analysts, or other representatives) may receive material nonpublic information about an issuer that may restrict the ability of the Adviser or Sub-Advisers to cause the Funds to buy or sell securities of the issuer on behalf of the Funds for substantial periods of time. This may impact the Funds' ability to realize profit or avoid loss with respect to the issuer and may adversely affect the Funds' flexibility with respect to buying or selling securities, potentially impacting Fund performance. For example, activist investors of certain issuers in which the Adviser or Sub-Advisers hold large positions may contact representatives of the Adviser or Sub-Advisers and may disclose material nonpublic information in such communication. The Adviser or Sub-Advisers would be restricted from trading on the basis of such material nonpublic information, limiting their flexibility in managing the Funds and possibly impacting Fund performance.

Business Continuity and Operational Risk

The Adviser, the Funds and the Funds’ service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors, such as processing errors or human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, systems or technology failures, or other disruptive events, that could negatively impact and cause disruptions in normal business operations of the Adviser, the Funds or the Funds’ service providers. The Adviser has developed a Business Continuity Program (the “Program”) designed to minimize the disruption of normal business operations in the event of an adverse incident affecting the Funds, the Adviser and/or its affiliates. The Program is also designed to enable the Adviser to reestablish normal business operations in a timely manner during such an adverse incident; however, there are inherent limitations in such programs (including the possibility that contingencies have not been anticipated and procedures do not work as intended) and, under some circumstances (e.g. natural disasters, terrorism, public health crises, power or utility shortages and failures, system failures or malfunctions), the Adviser, its affiliates, and any service providers or vendors used by the Adviser, its affiliates, or the Fund could be prevented or hindered from providing services to the Funds for extended periods of time. These circumstances could cause disruptions and negatively impact the Funds’ service providers and the Funds’ business operations, potentially including an inability to process Fund shareholder transactions, an inability to calculate a Fund’s net asset value and price the Fund’s investments, and impediments to trading portfolio securities.

Cybersecurity Risk

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Funds, like all companies, may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. Cybersecurity incidents involving the Funds and their service providers (including, without limitation, a Fund’s investment adviser, sub-adviser, fund accountant, custodian, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs.

Cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate cyberattacks or unintentional events and may arise from external or internal sources. Cyberattacks may include infection by malicious software or gaining unauthorized access to digital systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Funds' operations (e.g., by “hacking” or “phishing”). Cyberattacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). These cyberattacks could cause the misappropriation of assets or personal information, corruption of data or operational disruptions. Geopolitical tensions may, from time to time, increase the scale and sophistication of deliberate cyberattacks.

Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, counterparties with which the Funds engage, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, other financial institutions and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent

any cybersecurity incidents in the future. Although the Funds’ service providers may have established business continuity plans and risk management systems to mitigate cybersecurity risks, there can be no guarantee or assurance that such plans or systems will be effective, or that all risks that exist, or may develop in the future, have been completely anticipated and identified or can be protected against. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Natural Disaster/Epidemic Risk

Natural or environmental disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis and other severe weather-related phenomena generally, and widespread disease, including pandemics and epidemics, have been and can be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely impacting individual companies, sectors, industries, markets, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds’ investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region are increasingly likely to adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. These disruptions could prevent the Funds from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner and negatively impact the Funds’ ability to achieve their investment objectives. Any such event(s) could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Funds.

COVID-19. The COVID-19 strain of coronavirus has resulted in instances of market closures and dislocations, extreme volatility, liquidity constraints and increased trading costs. Efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in travel restrictions, closed international borders, disruptions of healthcare systems, business operations (including business closures) and supply chains, layoffs, lower consumer demand and employee availability, defaults and credit downgrades, among other significant economic impacts, all of which have disrupted global economic activity across many industries and may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks, locally or globally and cause general concern and uncertainty. The full economic impact and ongoing effects of COVID-19 (or other future epidemics or pandemics) at the macro-level and on individual businesses are unpredictable and may result in significant and prolonged effects on the Funds' performance.

Fund Policies

Fundamental Restrictions. Except as otherwise noted below, each Fund is subject to the following investment restrictions, which may be changed only by a vote of such Fund's outstanding shares. Fundamental restrictions may be changed only by a vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares.

(1) The Fund (except for Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund and Invesco International Bond Fund) is a "diversified company" as defined in the 1940 Act. The Fund will not purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, the Fund would fail to be a diversified company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as such statute, rules and regulations are amended from time to time or are interpreted from time to time by the SEC staff (collectively, the "1940 Act Laws and Interpretations") or except to the extent that the Fund may be permitted to do so by exemptive order or similar relief (collectively, with the 1940 Act Laws and Interpretations, the "1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions"). In complying with this restriction, however, the Fund may purchase securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions.

(2) The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities, except as permitted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions.

(3) The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

(4) The Fund (except for Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund and Invesco Health Care Fund) will not make investments that will result in the concentration (as that term may be defined or interpreted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions) of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. This restriction does not limit the Fund’s investments in (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or (ii) tax-exempt obligations issued by governments or political subdivisions of governments. In complying with this restriction, the Fund will not consider a bank-issued guaranty or financial guaranty insurance as a separate security.

Invesco Health Care Fund will concentrate (as that term may be defined or interpreted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions) its investments in the securities of domestic and foreign issuers in the health care industry.

Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund will concentrate (as such term may be defined or interpreted by the 1940 Act Law, Interpretations and Exemptions) its investments in order to obtain exposure to commodities markets.

Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund will concentrate (as such term may be defined or interpreted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions) its investments in the infrastructure industry.

(5) The Fund may not purchase real estate or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein.

(6) The Fund (except for Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Greater China Fund, Invesco Health Care Fund and Invesco World Bond Factor Fund) may not purchase or sell physical commodities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and any other governing statute, and by the rules thereunder, and by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Notwithstanding the above restriction, the Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund may not purchase physical commodities or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities that are secured by physical commodities.

Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Greater China Fund, Invesco Health Care Fund and Invesco World Bond Factor Fund may not purchase physical commodities or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities that are secured by physical commodities.

(7) The Fund may not make personal loans or loans of its assets to persons who control or are under common control with the Fund, except to the extent permitted by 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from, among other things, purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, loaning its assets to broker-dealers or institutional investors, or investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.

(8) The Fund may, notwithstanding any other fundamental investment policy or limitation, invest all of its assets in the securities of a single open-end management investment company with substantially the same fundamental investment objectives, policies and restrictions as the Fund.

The Invesco Developing Markets Fund’s investment objective is to seek capital appreciation. The Invesco Developing Markets Fund’s investment objective is fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

The investment restrictions set forth above provide each of the Funds with the ability to operate under new interpretations of the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC without receiving prior

shareholder approval of the change. Even though each of the Funds has this flexibility, the Board has adopted non-fundamental restrictions for each of the Funds relating to certain of these restrictions which Invesco and, when applicable, the Sub-Advisers must follow in managing the Funds. Any changes to these non-fundamental restrictions, which are set forth below, require the approval of the Board.

Explanatory Note

For purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restriction related to industry concentration above, investments in tax-exempt municipal securities where the payment of principal and interest for such securities is derived solely from a specific project associated with an issuer that is not a governmental entity or a political subdivision of a government are subject to a Fund’s industry concentration policy. In addition, with respect to Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund’s fundamental restriction related to industry concentration above, the Fund’s investment adviser may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and/or instrument and may assign an industry or sector classification consistent with those characteristics.

For purposes of the Fund's fundamental restriction related to physical commodities above, the Fund is currently permitted to invest in futures, swaps and other instruments on physical commodities and the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities or contracts related to commodities. The extent to which the Fund can invest in futures, swaps and other instruments on physical commodities, and/or commodities or contracts related to commodities is set out in the Fund's prospectus, this SAI, and as permitted by the Fund's fundamental restriction.

For purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restriction related to real estate above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate. The extent to which the Fund can invest in real estate is set out in the investment strategies described in the Fund’s prospectus or this SAI.

For purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restriction related to senior securities above, the 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing a “senior security,” which is generally defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, or any stock of a class having priority over any other class of the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets, except that the fund may borrow money as described above.

For purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restriction related to loans above, made by the Fund, current SEC staff interpretations under the 1940 Act prohibit a fund from lending more than one-third of its total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements.

Non-Fundamental Restrictions. Non-fundamental restrictions may be changed for any Fund without shareholder approval. The non-fundamental investment restrictions listed below apply to each of the Funds unless otherwise indicated.

(1) In complying with the fundamental restriction regarding issuer diversification, the Fund (except for Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund, Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund and Invesco International Bond Fund) will not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities and securities issued by other investment companies), if, as a result, (i) more than 5% of the Fund's total assets would be invested in the securities of that issuer, or (ii) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. The Fund may purchase securities of other investment companies as permitted by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions.

In complying with the fundamental restriction regarding issuer diversification, any Fund that invests in municipal securities will regard each state (including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico), territory and possession of the United States, each political subdivision, agency, instrumentality and authority thereof, and each multi-state agency of which a state is a member as a separate "issuer." When the assets and revenues of an agency, authority, instrumentality or other political subdivision are separate from the government creating the subdivision and the security is backed only by assets and revenues of the subdivision, such subdivision would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Similarly, in the case of an

Industrial Development Bond or Private Activity Bond, if that bond is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user, then that non-governmental user would be deemed to be the sole issuer. However, if the creating government or another entity guarantees a security, then to the extent that the value of all securities issued or guaranteed by that government or entity and owned by a Fund exceeds 10% of the Fund's total assets, the guarantee would be considered a separate security and would be treated as issued by that government or entity. Securities issued or guaranteed by a bank or subject to financial guaranty insurance are not subject to the limitations set forth in the preceding sentence.

(2) In complying with the fundamental restriction regarding borrowing money and issuing senior securities, the Fund may borrow money in an amount not exceeding 331/3 % of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings).

(3) In complying with the fundamental restriction regarding industry concentration, the Fund (except for Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund and Invesco Health Care Fund) may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry.

For purposes of Invesco Health Care Fund’s fundamental restriction regarding industry concentration, an issuer will be considered to be engaged in health care-related industries if (1) at least 50% of its gross income or its net sales are derived from activities in the health care industry; (2) at least 50% of its assets are devoted to producing revenues from the health care industry; or (3) based on other available information, the Fund’s portfolio manager(s) determines that its primary business is within the health care industry. Such other available information may include industry classifications from any one or more third-party providers, such as the S&P Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS), the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), or the Bloomberg Industry Classification System (BICS).

For purposes of Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund’s fundamental investment restriction regarding concentration of its exposure in the commodities markets, an investment will be considered to provide exposure to commodities markets if (1) it is linked to the performance of the commodities markets; or (2) based on other available information, the Fund’s portfolio manager(s) determines that it provides exposure to the commodities market.

(4) Notwithstanding the fundamental restriction with regard to engaging in transactions involving futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities that are secured by physical commodities, the Fund (except Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund, Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund, Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund and Invesco Macro Allocation Strategy Fund) currently may not invest in any security (including futures contracts or options thereon) that is secured by physical commodities.

The Funds do not consider currencies or other financial commodities or contracts and financial instruments to be physical commodities (which included, for example, oil, precious metals and grains). Accordingly, the Funds will interpret the fundamental restriction and the related non-fundamental restriction to permit the Funds, subject to each Fund's investment objectives and general investment policies (as stated in the Funds' prospectuses and herein), to invest directly in foreign currencies and other financial commodities and to purchase, sell or enter into commodity futures contracts and options thereon, forward foreign currency contracts, foreign currency options, currency, commodity and financial instrument-related swap agreements, hybrid instruments, interest rate or securities-related or foreign currency-related hedging instruments or other currency-, commodity- or financial instrument-related derivatives, subject to compliance with any applicable provisions of the federal securities or commodities laws. The Funds will interpret the fundamental restriction regarding the purchases and sale of physical commodities and the related non-fundamental restriction to permit the Funds to invest in ETFs, registered investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles that invest in physical and/or financial commodities, subject to the limits described in the Funds' prospectuses and herein.

(5) In complying with the fundamental restriction with regard to making loans, the Fund may lend up to 33 1/3% of its total assets and may lend money to an Invesco Fund, on such terms and conditions as the SEC may require in an exemptive order.

(6) Notwithstanding the fundamental restriction with regard to investing all assets in an open-end fund, the Fund may not invest all of its assets in the securities of a single open-end management investment company with the same fundamental investment objectives, policies and restrictions as the Fund.

(7) The Fund (except for Invesco Global Allocation Fund) may not acquire any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F) or 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.

(8) The following apply:

(a) Invesco Core Bond Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in investment-grade debt securities (generally referred to as “bond”).

(b) Invesco Developing Markets Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of issuers whose principal activities are in a developing market, i.e., are in a developing market or are economically tied to a developing market country.

(c) Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of mid-cap issuers, as defined in the Fund's prospectus.

(d) Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of issuers that are economically tied to an emerging market country.

(e) Invesco Emerging Markets Local Debt Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in debt securities that are economically tied to emerging market countries and denominated in local (non-U.S) currencies.

(f) Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of issuers in emerging markets countries, i.e. those that are generally in the early stages of their industrial cycles.

(g) Invesco EQV Emerging Markets All Cap Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in securities of issuers in emerging markets countries, i.e., those that are generally in the early stages of their industrial cycles.

(h) Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. infrastructure-related companies.

(i) Invesco Greater China Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in equity or equity-related instruments issued by companies located or operating in Greater China. For this purpose, Greater China currently includes mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

(j) Invesco Health Care Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in securities of issuers engaged primarily in health care-related industries.

(k) Invesco International Bond Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in debt securities.

(l) Invesco World Bond Factor Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in fixed income securities.

For purposes of the foregoing, "assets" means net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. Derivatives and other instruments that have economic characteristics similar to the securities in a Fund's 80% policy described above for a Fund may also be counted toward that Fund's 80% policy. The Fund will provide written notice to its shareholders prior to any change to this policy, as required by the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions.

It is the intention of each Fund, unless otherwise indicated, that with respect to the Fund's policies that are a result of application of law, the Fund will take advantage of the flexibility provided by rules or interpretations of the SEC currently in existence or promulgated in the future, or changes to such laws.

Portfolio Turnover

Each Fund calculates its portfolio turnover rate by dividing the value of the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal period by the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal period. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the portfolio securities (other than short-term securities) were replaced once during the fiscal period. Portfolio turnover rates will vary from year to year, depending on market conditions. The following Funds experienced significant variation in portfolio turnover during the two most recently completed fiscal years ended October 31.

Fund	2022	2021
Invesco Balanced-Risk Allocation Fund1	92%	16%
Invesco Balanced-Risk Commodity Strategy Fund1	106%	14%
Invesco Emerging Markets Innovators Fund2	17%	50%
Invesco Fundamental Alternatives Fund1	29%	74%
Invesco Global Allocation Fund3	151%	51%
Invesco Global Strategic Income Fund2	88%	241%
Invesco International Bond Fund2	90%	197%
Invesco Multi-Asset Income Fund1	94%	53%

1	The variation in portfolio turnover was due to changes in trading strategies and execution.
2	The variation in portfolio turnover was due to market conditions and changes in Invesco’s investment outlook.
3	The variation in portfolio turnover was due to market conditions.

Policies and Procedures for Disclosure of Fund Holdings

The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings (the Holdings Disclosure Policy). Invesco and the Board may amend the Holdings Disclosure Policy at any time without prior notice. Details of the Holdings Disclosure Policy and a description of the basis on which employees of Invesco and its affiliates may release information about portfolio securities in certain contexts are provided below. As used in the Holdings Disclosure Policy and throughout the SAI, the term “portfolio holdings information” includes information with respect to the portfolio holdings of a Fund, including holdings that are derivatives and holdings held as short positions. Information generally excluded from “portfolio holdings information” includes, without limitation, (i) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries, industries or sectors; (ii) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (iii) performance attributions by asset class, country, industry or sector; (iv) aggregated risk statistics, analysis and simulations, such as stress testing; (v) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of a Fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (vi) the volatility characteristics of a Fund; (vii) information on how various weightings and factors contributed to Fund performance; (viii) various financial characteristics of a Fund or its underlying portfolio investments; and (ix) other information where, in the reasonable belief of the Funds' Chief Compliance Officer (or a designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the applicable Fund.

Public release of portfolio holdings. The Funds, except certain Funds for which the Adviser has determined that disclosure of portfolio holdings information on a monthly basis without a sufficient lag would be detrimental to the Funds and their shareholders (“Exception Funds”)1, disclose the following portfolio holdings information at www.invesco.com/us.2

Information	Approximate Date of Website Posting	Information Remains Posted on Website
Select portfolio holdings information, such as top ten holdings as of the month-end	15 calendar days after month-end	Until replaced with the following month’s top ten holdings

Select portfolio holdings information (e.g., buys/sells, contributors/detractors and/or relevant to market environment)	15 calendar days after month-end	Until replaced with the following month’s select portfolio holdings information

Complete portfolio holdings information as of calendar month- end	30 calendar days after month-end	For twelve months from the date of posting

Complete portfolio holdings information as of fiscal quarter-end	60-70 calendar days after fiscal quarter-end	For twelve months from the date of posting

The Exception Funds disclose the following portfolio holdings information at www.invesco.com/us.2

Information	Approximate Date of Website Posting	Information Remains Posted on Website
Select portfolio holdings information, such as top ten holdings as of the month-end	15 calendar days after month-end	Until replaced with the following month’s top ten holdings

Select portfolio holdings information (e.g., buys/sells, contributors/detractors and/or relevant to market environment)	15 calendar days after month-end	Until replaced with the following quarter’s select portfolio holdings information

Complete portfolio holdings information as of calendar quarter- end	30 calendar days after calendar quarter-end	For twelve months from the date of posting

Complete portfolio holdings information as of fiscal quarter-end	60-70 calendar days after fiscal quarter-end	For twelve months from the date of posting

As of the date of this SAI, the Exception Funds are: Invesco Emerging Markets Select Equity Fund and Invesco Greater China Fund. The Exception Funds are subject to change from time to time at the Adviser's discretion.

To locate each Fund’s portfolio holdings information, go to www.invesco.com/us, select “Financial Professional” or “Individual Investor,” if applicable. Hover over the “Products” tab and then click on “Mutual Funds.” On the “Mutual Funds” page click on “Fund Materials.” Links to each Fund’s portfolio holdings are located under the “Holdings” column.

You may also obtain the publicly available portfolio holdings information described above by contacting us at 1-800-959-4246.

Selective disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to Non-Disclosure Agreement. Employees of Invesco and its affiliates may disclose non-public full portfolio holdings information on a selective basis only if Invesco approves the parties to whom disclosure of non-public full portfolio holdings information will be made. Invesco must determine that the proposed selective disclosure will be made for business purposes of the applicable Fund and is in the best interest of the applicable Fund’s shareholders. In making such determination, Invesco will address any perceived conflicts of interest between shareholders of such Fund and Invesco or its affiliates as part of granting its approval.

The Board exercises continuing oversight of the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings information by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Holdings Disclosure Policy and the Invesco Funds’ Code of Ethics by the Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) of Invesco and the Invesco Funds and (2)

considering reports and recommendations by the Chief Compliance Officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act)) that may arise in connection with the Holdings Disclosure Policy. Pursuant to the Holdings Disclosure Policy, the Board receives reports on the specific types of situations in which Invesco proposes to provide such selective disclosure and the situations where providing selective disclosure raises perceived conflicts of interest between shareholders of the applicable Fund and Invesco or its affiliates. In any specific situation where Invesco addresses a perceived conflict, Invesco will report to the Board on the persons to whom such disclosures are to be made and the treatment of any such conflicts before agreeing to provide selective disclosure.

Invesco discloses non-public full portfolio holdings information to the following persons in connection with the day-to-day operations and management of the funds advised by Invesco (the Invesco Funds):

•

Attorneys and accountants;

•

Securities lending agents;

•

Lenders to the Invesco Funds;

•

Rating and rankings agencies;

•

Persons assisting in the voting of proxies;

•

Invesco Funds’ custodians;

•

The Invesco Funds’ transfer agent(s) (in the event of a redemption in kind);

•

Pricing services, market makers, or other fund accounting software providers (to determine the price of investments held by an Invesco Fund);

•

Brokers identified by the Invesco Funds’ portfolio management team who provide execution and research services to the team;

•

Analysts hired to perform research and analysis for the Invesco Funds’ portfolio management team; and

•

Insurance companies which receive portfolio holdings information before Invesco posts portfolio holdings information to Invesco's website (to allow such insurance companies to post portfolio holdings information to their websites at approximately the same time that Invesco posts portfolio holdings information to Invesco's website).

In many cases, Invesco will disclose current portfolio holdings information on a daily basis to these persons. In these situations, Invesco has entered into non-disclosure agreements which provide that the recipient of the portfolio holdings information will maintain the confidentiality of such portfolio holdings information and will not trade on such information (Non-disclosure Agreements). Please refer to Appendix B for a list of examples of persons to whom Invesco provides non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis.

Invesco will also disclose non-public portfolio holdings information if such disclosure is required by applicable laws, rules or regulations, or by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over Invesco and its affiliates or the Invesco Funds, and where there is no other way to transact the Funds' business without disclosure of such portfolio holdings information.

The Holdings Disclosure Policy provides that the Funds, Invesco or any other party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information will not request, receive or accept any compensation (including compensation in the form of the maintenance of assets in any Fund or other mutual fund or account managed by Invesco or one of its affiliates) for the selective disclosure of portfolio holdings information.

Disclosure of certain portfolio holdings information without Non-Disclosure Agreement. Invesco and its affiliates that provide services to the Funds, the Sub-Advisers and each of their employees may receive or have access to portfolio holdings information as part of the day to day operations of the Funds.

	Page
Other Service Providers	112
Custodian	113
Securities Lending Arrangements	114
Portfolio Managers	117
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES	117
Brokerage Transactions	117
Commissions	118
Broker Selection	118
Directed Brokerage (Research Services)	121
Affiliated Transactions	121
Regular Brokers	122
Allocation of Portfolio Transactions	122
Allocation of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Transactions	122
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES	122
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX MATTERS	122
Dividends and Distributions	122
Tax Matters	123
DISTRIBUTION OF SECURITIES	141
Distributor	141
Distribution Plans	142
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	145
APPENDIX A - RATINGS OF DEBT SECURITIES	A-1
APPENDIX B - PERSONS TO WHOM INVESCO PROVIDES NON-PUBLIC PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS ON AN ONGOING BASIS	B-1
APPENDIX C - TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS	C-1
APPENDIX D - TRUSTEE COMPENSATION TABLE	D-1
APPENDIX E - PROXY POLICY AND PROCEDURES	E-1
APPENDIX F - CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES	F-1
APPENDIX G - MANAGEMENT FEES	G-1
APPENDIX H - PORTFOLIO MANAGER(S)	H-1
APPENDIX I - ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FEES	I-1
APPENDIX J - BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS AND COMMISSIONS ON AFFILIATED TRANSACTIONS	J-1
APPENDIX K - DIRECTED BROKERAGE (RESEARCH SERVICES) AND PURCHASES OF SECURITIES OF REGULAR BROKERS OR DEALERS	K-1
APPENDIX L - PURCHASE, REDEMPTION, EXCHANGE AND PRICING OF SHARES	L-1
APPENDIX M - TOTAL SALES CHARGES	M-1
APPENDIX N - AMOUNTS PAID TO INVESCO DISTRIBUTORS, INC. PURSUANT TO DISTRIBUTION PLANS	N-1
APPENDIX O - ALLOCATION OF ACTUAL FEES PAID PURSUANT TO DISTRIBUTION PLANS	O-1