DOUBLELINE ETF TRUST
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DoubleLine ETF
Trust
Prospectus
February 1,
2024 |
Fixed
Income
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF (DBND)
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF (DCRE)†
DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF (DMBS)
Equities
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF* (CAPE)
Please
read this document carefully before investing, and keep it for future reference.
The
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these
securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Prior
to February 1, 2024, the DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF traded
under the ticker symbol “DCMB.” |
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*
This exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) is different from traditional ETFs.
Traditional
ETFs tell the public what assets they hold each day. This ETF will not. This may
create additional risks for your
investment. For example:
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You
may have to pay more money to trade this ETF’s shares. This ETF will
provide less information to traders, who tend to charge more for trades
when they have less information. |
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The
price you pay to buy ETF shares on an exchange may not match the value of
an ETF’s portfolio. The same is true when you sell shares. These price
differences may be greater for this ETF compared to other ETFs because
this ETF provide less information to traders. |
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These
additional risks may be even greater in bad or uncertain market
conditions. |
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The
differences between this ETF and other ETFs may also have advantages. By keeping
certain information about an ETF secret, the ETF may face less risk that other
traders can predict or copy its investment strategy. This may improve an ETF’s
performance. If other traders are able to copy or predict an ETF’s investment
strategy, however, this may hurt the ETF’s performance.
For
additional information regarding the unique attributes and risks of this ETF,
see the “Principal Risks” sections, including “ActiveShares® Non-transparent
Structure/ETF-Related Risks,” “trading in fund shares may be halted or fund
shares may be delisted,” “Authorized Participant and AP Representative
concentration risk,” and “fund shares may trade at prices other than NAV,”
beginning on pages 46, 47 and 48 of this prospectus.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
The Trust and the Funds
This
Prospectus tells you about the DoubleLine exchange-traded funds (the “Funds”, and each, a “Fund”) listed on the Prospectus cover. Each
Fund offers one class of shares. Each Fund is a series of DoubleLine ETF Trust,
a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”).
Fund
Summary
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF (DBND)
Investment
Objective
The
Fund’s investment objective is to seek to maximize current income and total
return.
Fees
and Expenses of the Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement between DoubleLine ETF
Trust and DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP (the
“Adviser”), the Fund’s adviser provides that the Adviser will pay all
operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees, interest expenses,
dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, expenses incurred
with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities and the
execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage commissions, acquired
fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liabilities, distribution fees or
expenses, and any extraordinary expenses (such as litigation). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions
and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the fee
table or example below.
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Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from
your investment) |
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None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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Management Fees |
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0.50% |
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Distribution and/or Service (12b-1)
Fees |
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None |
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Other Expenses |
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0.00% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
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0.50% |
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Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds.
This
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then sell all your shares at the end of those periods. The example
also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s
operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
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1 Year |
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$52 |
3 Years |
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$164 |
5 Years |
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$285 |
10 Years |
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$640 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund incurs transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction
costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable
account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses
or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal
year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 169% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The
Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund
intends to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any
borrowings for investment purposes, in fixed income instruments or other
investments with economic characteristics similar to fixed income instruments.
These investments include securities issued or guaranteed by the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations; corporate
obligations; agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities of any kind,
including commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities; asset-backed
securities; securitized investments such as collateralized debt obligations
(“CDOs”), including
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collateralized
loan obligations (“CLOs”); inflation
indexed bonds; covenant-lite loans; foreign fixed-income securities (corporate
and government, including foreign hybrid securities); emerging market fixed
income securities (corporate and government); fixed income securities offered
through private placements; and fixed and floating rate debt instruments of any
kind (including, among others, bank loans, assignments, participations,
subordinated loans, debtor-in-possession loans, exit facilities, delayed funding
loans and revolving credit facilities). The Fund’s investments may be issued in
any currency and may bear fixed or variable interest rates of any maturity. The
market value of derivatives that have economic characteristics similar to the
investments included in the Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for
purposes of such policy. If the Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will
notify shareholders at least 60 days in advance of the change.
The
Fund may invest in fixed income instruments of any credit quality, including
those that are at the time of investment unrated or rated BB+ or lower by
S&P Global Ratings or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or the
equivalent by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization.
Corporate bonds and certain other fixed income instruments rated below
investment grade, or such instruments that are unrated and determined by the
Adviser to be of comparable quality, are high yield, high risk bonds, commonly
known as “junk bonds”. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its net assets in junk
bonds, bank loans and assignments rated below investment grade or unrated but
determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Adviser does not
consider the term “junk bonds” to include any mortgage-backed securities or any
other asset-backed securities, regardless of their credit rating or credit
quality. The Fund may invest without limit in below investment grade
mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities.
The
Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in defaulted corporate securities.
The Fund might do so, for example, where the portfolio managers believe the
restructured enterprise valuations or liquidation valuations may exceed current
market values. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in inverse floaters
and interest-only and principal-only securities.
The
Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in fixed income instruments
(including hybrid securities) issued or guaranteed by companies, financial
institutions and government entities in emerging market countries. An “emerging
market country” is a country that, at the time the Fund invests in the related
fixed income instruments, is classified as an emerging or developing economy by
any supranational organization such as an institution in the World Bank Group or
the United Nations, or an agency thereof, or is considered an emerging market
country for purposes of constructing a major emerging market securities index.
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other investment companies,
including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs, in each
case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations.
In
managing the Fund’s portfolio, the portfolio managers typically use a controlled
risk approach. The techniques of this approach attempt to control the principal
risk components of the fixed income markets and may include, among other
factors, consideration of the Adviser’s view of the following: the potential
relative performance of various market sectors, security selection available
within a given sector, the risk/reward equation for different asset classes,
liquidity conditions in various market sectors, the shape of the yield curve and
projections for changes in the yield curve, potential fluctuations in the
overall level of interest rates, and current fiscal policy.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to
assess and, in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk.
In managing the Fund’s investments, under normal market conditions, the
portfolio managers intend to seek to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration of no less than two years and no more
than eight years. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income
instrument that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to
changes in interest rates. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s
portfolio duration adjusted for the anticipated effect of interest rate changes
on bond and mortgage prepayment rates as determined by the Adviser. The
effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially from
its target range, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the
effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio will always be within its
target range.
The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, exposure to one or more
asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect or create investment leverage,
the Fund typically will use derivatives transactions. The Fund may use futures
contracts and options on futures contracts, in order to gain efficient
investment exposures as an alternative to cash investments or to hedge against
portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps, to gain indirect exposures to interest
rates, issuers, or currencies, or to hedge against portfolio exposures; put and
call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to take indirect
positions on indexes, securities, currencies, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
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Additionally,
the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or
forward commitment basis, including United States agency mortgage-backed
securities that forward-settle (e.g., “To Be Announced” Securities). The Fund may seek to obtain market exposure
to the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of
purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy
backs or dollar rolls), which may create investment leverage.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and
may invest in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified
fund.
Principal
Risks
The
value of the Fund’s shares will vary as its portfolio investments increase or
decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go
down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund. The
significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Fund will vary over
time, depending on the composition of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions,
and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below
carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the
Fund.
The
principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
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credit risk:
the risk that an issuer, counterparty or other obligor to
the Fund will fail to pay its obligations to the Fund when they are due,
which may reduce the Fund’s income and/or reduce, in whole or in part, the
value of the Fund’s investment. Actual or perceived changes in the
financial condition of an obligor, changes in economic, social or
political conditions that affect a particular type of security,
instrument, or obligor, and changes in economic, social or political
conditions generally can increase the risk of default by an obligor, which
can affect a security’s or other instrument’s credit quality or value and
an obligor’s ability to honor its obligations when due. The values of
lower-quality debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”), including
floating rate loans, tend to be particularly sensitive to these changes.
The values of securities or instruments also may decline for a number of
other reasons that relate directly to the obligor, such as management
performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the obligor’s
goods and services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of
the obligor and the value of its assets.
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interest rate
risk: the risk that debt instruments will change in value
because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a
longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to
changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter
duration. Bonds and other debt instruments typically have a positive
duration. The value of a debt instrument with positive duration will
generally decline if interest rates increase. Certain other investments,
such as inverse floaters and certain derivative instruments, may have a
negative duration. The value of instruments with a negative duration will
generally decline if interest rates decrease. Inverse floaters,
interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to
interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also
change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments.
Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused
the fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of
interest rate volatility and liquidity risk. The risks associated with
rising interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given
that the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates from historically
low levels and may continue to do so. Further, in market environments
where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to
make principal and interest payments on fixed-income investments when due.
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prepayment
risk: the risk that the issuer of a debt security, including
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, repays all or a
portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of
declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s
higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to
reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. Prepayments
can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.
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extension risk:
the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of
principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to,
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower
rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could
lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk
generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates
rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.
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market risk:
the risk that markets will perform poorly or that the
returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform
returns from the general securities markets or other types of investments.
Markets may, in response to governmental actions or intervention or
general market conditions, including real or perceived adverse political,
economic or market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation,
recession, changes in interest or currency rates, lack of liquidity in the
bond markets or adverse investor sentiment, or other external factors,
experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity. During those
periods, the Fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions,
which may only occur in Creation Units (as defined below). To satisfy such
redemptions, the Fund may have to sell securities at times when the Fund
would otherwise not do so, and potentially at unfavorable prices. Certain
securities may be difficult to value during such periods. Market risk
involves the risk that the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
change, potentially frequently and in large amounts, as the prices of its
investments go up or down. During periods of severe market stress, it is
possible that the market for some or all of the Fund’s investments may
become highly illiquid. Recently, there have been inflationary price
movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to
experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity
risk. Please see “debt securities risks – interest rate risk” herein for
more information. |
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securities or
sector selection risk: the risk that the securities held by
the Fund will underperform securities held in other funds investing in
similar asset classes or comparable benchmarks because of the portfolio
managers’ choice of securities or sectors for investment. To the extent
the Fund allocates a higher percentage of its investment portfolio to a
particular sector or related sectors, the Fund will be more susceptible to
events or factors affecting companies in that sector or related sectors.
For example, the values of securities of companies in the same or related
sectors may be negatively affected by the common characteristics they
share, the common business risks to which they are subject, common
regulatory burdens, or regulatory changes that affect them similarly. Such
characteristics, risks, burdens or changes include, but are not limited
to, changes in governmental regulation, inflation or deflation, rising or
falling interest rates, competition from new entrants, and other economic,
market, political or other developments specific to that sector or related
sectors. |
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liquidity risk:
the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell a portfolio
investment at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the
investment. Illiquidity may be the result of, for example, low trading
volume, lack of a market maker, or contractual or legal restrictions that
limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities or closing derivative
positions. During periods of substantial market disruption, a large
portion of the Fund’s assets could potentially experience significant
levels of illiquidity. The values of illiquid investments are often more
volatile than the values of more liquid investments. It may be more
difficult for the Fund to determine a fair value of an illiquid investment
than that of a more liquid comparable investment.
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valuation
risk: the risk that the Fund will not value its investments
in a manner that accurately reflects their market values or that the Fund
will not be able to sell any investment at a price equal to the valuation
ascribed to that investment for purposes of calculating the Fund’s net
asset value (“NAV”). The valuation
of the Fund’s investments involves subjective judgment. Certain securities
in which the Fund may invest may be more difficult to value accurately,
especially during periods of market disruptions or extreme market
volatility. Incorrect valuations of the Fund’s portfolio holdings could
result in the Fund’s shareholder transactions being effected at an NAV
that does not accurately reflect the underlying value of the Fund’s
portfolio, resulting in the dilution of shareholder interests.
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mortgage-backed
securities risk: the risk that borrowers may default on
their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the
mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during
periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be
called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest
proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of
rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may
extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the
security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security. Enforcing
rights against the underlying assets or collateral may be difficult, or
the underlying assets or collateral may be insufficient if the issuer
defaults. The values of certain types of mortgage-backed securities, such
as inverse floaters and interest-only and principal-only securities, may
be extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates.
The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities that are subordinate in
their right to receive payment of interest and repayment of principal to
other classes of the issuer’s securities.
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high yield
risk: the risk that debt instruments rated below investment
grade or debt instruments that are unrated and of comparable or lesser
quality are predominantly speculative. These instruments, commonly known
as “junk bonds,” have a |
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higher
degree of default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds.
These instruments may be subject to greater price volatility due to such
factors as specific corporate developments, interest rate sensitivity,
negative perceptions of high yield investments generally, and less
secondary market liquidity. |
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structured
products and structured notes risk: the risk that an
investment in a structured product, which includes, among other things,
CDOs, mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed securities
and certain types of structured notes, may decline in value due to changes
in the underlying instruments, indexes, interest rates or other factors on
which the product is based (“reference
measure”). Depending on the reference measure used and the use of
multipliers or deflators (if any), changes in interest rates and movement
of the reference measure may cause significant price and cash flow
fluctuations. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of
financial leverage, a speculative technique. Holders of structured
products indirectly bear risks associated with the reference measure, are
subject to counterparty risk and typically do not have direct rights
against the reference measure. Structured products are generally privately
offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws
and may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the
effect of increasing the Fund’s illiquidity, reducing the Fund’s income
and the value of the investment. At a particular point in time, the Fund
may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities. Investments
in structured notes involve risks including interest rate risk, credit
risk and market risk. |
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loan
risk: the risk that (i) if the Fund holds a loan
through another financial intermediary, or relies on a financial
intermediary to administer the loan, its receipt of principal and interest
on the loan may be subject to the credit risk of that financial
intermediary; (ii) any collateral securing a loan may be insufficient
or unavailable to the Fund, because, for example, the value of the
collateral securing a loan can decline, be insufficient to meet the
obligations of the borrower, or be difficult to liquidate, and the Fund’s
rights to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws;
(iii) investments in highly leveraged loans or loans of stressed,
distressed, or defaulted issuers may be subject to significant credit and
liquidity risk; (iv) a bankruptcy or other court proceeding could
delay or limit the ability of the Fund to collect the principal and
interest payments on that borrower’s loans or adversely affect the Fund’s
rights in collateral relating to a loan; (v) there may be limited
public information available regarding the loan and the relevant
borrower(s); (vi) the use of a particular interest rate benchmark may
limit the Fund’s ability to achieve a net return to shareholders that
consistently approximates the average published Prime Rate of U.S. banks;
(vii) the prices of certain floating rate loans that include a
feature that prevents their interest rates from adjusting if market
interest rates are below a specified minimum level may appreciate less
than other instruments in response to changes in interest rates should
interest rates rise but remain below the applicable minimum level;
(viii) if a borrower fails to comply with various restrictive
covenants that may be found in loan agreements, the borrower may default
in payment of the loan; (ix) if the Fund invests in loans that
contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower than certain
other types of loans (“covenant-lite” loans), it may have fewer
rights against the borrowers of such loans, including fewer protections
against the possibility of default and fewer remedies in the event of
default; (x) the loan is unsecured; (xi) there is a limited
secondary market; (xii) transactions in loans may settle on a delayed
basis, and the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan
for a substantial period of time after the sale, which may result in sale
proceeds related to the sale of loans not being available to make
additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations until
potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loans; and
(xiii) loans may be difficult to value and may be illiquid, which may
adversely affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund may invest in loans
directly or indirectly by investing in shares of another investment
company and in either case will be subject to the risks described above.
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asset-backed
securities investment risk: the risk that borrowers may
default on the obligations that underlie the asset-backed security and
that, during periods of falling interest rates, asset-backed securities
may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest
proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate, and the risk that
the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying a security in
which the Fund invests (due, for example, to non-payment of loans) will
result in a reduction in the value of the security.
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foreign
investing risk: the risk that investments in foreign
securities or in issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets, as
compared to investments in U.S. securities or in issuers with
predominantly domestic market exposure, may be more vulnerable to
economic, political, and social instability and subject to less government
supervision, less protective custody practices, lack of transparency,
inadequate regulatory and accounting standards, delayed or infrequent
settlement of transactions, and foreign taxes. If the Fund buys securities
denominated in a foreign currency, receives income in foreign currencies,
or holds foreign currencies from time to time, the value of the Fund’s
assets, as measured in U.S. dollars, can be affected unfavorably by
changes in exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar or other foreign
currencies. Foreign markets are also subject to the risk that a foreign
government could restrict foreign exchange transactions or otherwise
implement unfavorable currency regulations. In addition, foreign
securities may be subject to currency exchange rates or regulations, the
imposition of economic sanctions, tariffs or other government
restrictions, higher transaction and other costs, reduced liquidity, and
delays in settlement. |
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emerging market
country risk: the risk that investing in emerging markets,
as compared to foreign developed markets, increases the likelihood that
the Fund will lose money, due to more limited information about the issuer
and/or the security; higher brokerage costs; different accounting,
auditing and financial reporting standards; less developed legal systems
and thinner trading markets; the possibility of currency blockages or
transfer restrictions; an emerging market country’s dependence on revenue
from particular commodities or international aid; and expropriation,
nationalization or other adverse political or economic developments.
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counterparty
risk: the risk that the Fund will be subject to credit risk
with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts and other
instruments entered into by the Fund; that the Fund’s counterparty will be
unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; that the Fund will be
unable to enforce contractual remedies if its counterparty defaults; that
if a counterparty (or an affiliate of a counterparty) becomes bankrupt,
the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery or
may obtain limited or no recovery in a bankruptcy or other insolvency
proceeding. To the extent that the Fund enters into multiple transactions
with a single or a small set of counterparties, it will be subject to
increased counterparty risk.
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defaulted
securities risk: the significant risk of the uncertainty of
repayment of defaulted securities (e.g., a security on which a principal or
interest payment is not made when due) and obligations of distressed
issuers (including insolvent issuers or issuers in payment or covenant
default, in workout or restructuring or in bankruptcy or similar
proceedings). Such investments entail high risk and have speculative
characteristics. |
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foreign
currency risk: the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates
may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments denominated in
foreign currencies. |
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operational and
information security risks: an investment in the Fund, like
any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as
processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external
processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and
errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of
these failures, errors or breaches could result in investment losses to
the Fund, a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage
or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the
Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and
oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the
Fund. |
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authorized
participant concentration risk: as an ETF, the Fund issues
and redeems shares on a continuous basis at NAV only in a large specified
number of shares called a “Creation
Unit.” Only a limited number of institutional investors (known as
“Authorized Participants”) are
authorized to purchase (or create) and redeem shares directly from the
Fund. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are
unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to
the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to
create or redeem, in either of these cases, Fund shares may trade at a
discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.
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secondary
market trading risk: as an ETF, shares of the Fund trade on
an exchange, the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Fund faces numerous
market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for
Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high
volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption process. Any of
these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a
premium or discount to NAV. |
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absence of
active market: although the Fund’s shares are currently
listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an
active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by
market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not
obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In
periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants
may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active
market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading
at a premium or discount to NAV.
|
|
• |
|
early
close/trading halt/delisting risk: trading in Fund shares
may be halted due to market conditions or for other reasons that, in the
view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of the Fund inadvisable.
Additionally, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on
specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or
financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund
being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments.
In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its
|
-7-
|
portfolio,
may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur
substantial trading losses. The Fund must satisfy various standards
established by the Exchange in order to ensure that Fund shares can
continue to be listed for trading. There can be no assurance that the
requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund
will continue to be met. |
|
• |
|
trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses: most Fund investors will buy
and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on another secondary market. When
buying or selling shares of the Fund, investors typically will pay
brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by
that broker. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the
cost of the difference between the price that a buyer is willing to pay
for shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which a seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
be sold short: shares of the Fund, similar to shares of
other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are
therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases
associated with short selling activity.
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV: shares of the Fund trade on
the Exchange at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The
NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and
fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The
trading price of the Fund’s shares fluctuates continuously throughout
trading hours in response to relative supply of and demand for Fund shares
on the Exchange and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings
or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s shares may deviate
significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility, including
during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market
conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S
SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. Disruptions to creations
and redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading market for Fund shares may result in shares
trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV and/or in a reduced
liquidity of a shareholder’s investment. During such periods, shareholders
may be unable to sell their shares, may pay significantly more than NAV
when buying Fund shares, or may receive significantly less than NAV when
selling Fund shares. |
• |
|
active
management risk: the risk that the Fund will fail to meet
its investment objective and that the Fund’s investment performance will
depend, at least in part, on how its assets are allocated and reallocated
among asset classes, sectors, underlying funds and/or investments and that
such allocation will focus on asset classes, sectors, underlying funds,
and/or investments that perform poorly or underperform other asset
classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or available investments. Any
given investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results, and
the Fund’s portfolio may underperform other comparable funds because of
portfolio management decisions related to, among other things, the
selection of investments, portfolio construction, risk assessments, and/or
the outlook on market trends and opportunities.
|
• |
|
U.S. government
securities risk: the risk that debt securities issued or
guaranteed by certain U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities, and
sponsored enterprises are not supported by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. government, and so investments in their securities or obligations
issued by them involve credit risk greater than investments in other types
of U.S. government securities. |
• |
|
limited
operating history risk: the Fund has a limited
operating history for investors to evaluate. The Fund may not attract
sufficient assets to achieve or maximize investment and operational
efficiencies and remain viable. If the Fund fails to achieve sufficient
scale, it may be liquidated. |
• |
|
real estate
sector risk: the risk that real estate-related investments
may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate
sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in
zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate
values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local,
regional, and general market conditions. Along with the risks common to
different types of real estate-related investments, real estate investment
trusts (“REITs”), no matter the
type, involve additional risk factors, including poor performance by the
REIT’s manager, adverse changes to the tax laws, and the possible failure
by the REIT to qualify for the favorable tax treatment available to REITs
under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or the exemption from
registration under the 1940 Act. REITs are not diversified and are heavily
dependent on cash flow earned on the property interests they hold.
|
• |
|
portfolio
turnover risk: the risk that frequent
purchases and sales of portfolio securities may result in higher Fund
expenses and may result in larger distributions of taxable capital gains
to investors as compared to a fund that trades less frequently.
|
-8-
• |
|
derivatives
risk: the risk that an investment in derivatives will not
perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may not be available at the time or
price desired, cannot be closed out at a favorable time or price, will
increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or will increase the Fund’s
volatility; that derivatives may create investment leverage; that, when a
derivative is used as a substitute for or alternative to a direct cash
investment, the transaction may not provide a return that corresponds
precisely or at all with that of the cash investment; that the positions
may be improperly executed or constructed; that the Fund’s counterparty
will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; or that, when used
for hedging purposes, derivatives will not provide the anticipated
protection, causing the Fund to lose money on both the derivatives
transaction and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge.
|
• |
|
financial
services risk: the risk that an investment in issuers in the
financial services sector or transactions with one or more counterparties
in the financial services sector may be adversely affected by, among other
things: (i) changes in governmental regulation, which may limit both
the amounts and the types of loans and other financial commitments
financial services companies can make, the interest rates and fees they
can charge, the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and
the amount of capital they must maintain; (ii) fluctuations,
including as a result of interest rate changes or increased competition,
in the availability and cost of capital funds on which the profitability
of financial services companies is largely dependent;
(iii) deterioration of the credit markets; (iv) credit losses
resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers, especially when
financial services companies are exposed to non-diversified or
concentrated loan portfolios; (v) financial losses associated with
investment activities, especially when financial services companies are
exposed to financial leverage; (vi) the risk that any financial
services company experiences substantial declines in the valuations of its
assets, takes action to raise capital, or ceases operations;
(vii) the risk that a market shock or other unexpected market,
economic, political, regulatory, or other event might lead to a sudden
decline in the values of most or all companies in the financial services
sector; (viii) events leading to limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial
institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or
rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, leading to
market-wide liquidity problems; and (ix) the interconnectedness or
interdependence among financial services companies, including the risk
that the financial distress or failure of one financial services company
may materially and adversely affect a number of other financial services
companies. |
• |
|
inflation-indexed bond risk: the
risk that such bonds will change in value in response to actual or
anticipated changes in inflation rates in a manner unanticipated by the
Fund’s portfolio management team or investors generally. Inflation-indexed
bonds are subject to debt securities risks.
|
• |
|
leveraging
risk: the risk that certain investments by the Fund
involving leverage may have the effect of increasing the volatility of the
value of the Fund’s portfolio, and the risk of loss in excess of invested
capital. |
• |
|
non-diversification risk:
the risk that, because a relatively higher percentage of the Fund’s assets
may be invested in a limited number of issuers, the Fund may be more
susceptible to any single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence
than a diversified fund investing in a broader range of issuers. A decline
in the market value of one of the Fund’s investments may affect the Fund’s
value more than if the Fund were a diversified fund. However, the Fund
intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements for
qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code.
|
• |
|
collateralized
debt obligations risk: the risks of an investment in a CDO
depend largely on the quality and type of the collateral and the tranche
of the CDO in which the Fund invests. Normally, collateralized bond
obligations, CLOs and other CDOs
are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the
securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be illiquid. In
addition to the risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit
risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to:
(i) the possibility that distributions from collateral will not be
adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the
collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility
that the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes of
the issuer’s securities; and (iv) the complex structure of the
security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may
produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
|
• |
|
restricted
securities risk: the risk that the Fund may be prevented or
limited by law or the terms of an agreement from selling a security (a
“restricted security”). To the
extent that the Fund is permitted to sell a restricted security, there can
be no assurance that a trading market will exist at any particular time,
and the Fund may be unable to dispose of the security promptly at
reasonable prices or at all. The Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays
in effecting the registration. Also, restricted securities may be
difficult to value because market quotations may not be readily available,
and the values of restricted securities may have significant volatility.
|
-9-
• |
|
large
shareholder risk: the risk that certain account
holders, including the Adviser or funds or accounts over which the Adviser
(or related parties of the Adviser) has investment discretion, may from
time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s shares.
The Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of
all or a portion of their Fund shares, including as a result of an asset
allocation decision made by the Adviser (or related parties of the
Adviser), will adversely affect the Fund’s performance if it is forced to
sell portfolio securities or invest cash when the Adviser would not
otherwise choose to do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares may
affect the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s
transaction costs, and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or
gains to shareholders. Shareholder redemptions can only be effected in
Creation Units. |
• |
|
investment
company and exchange-traded fund risk: the risk that an
investment company or other pooled investment vehicle, including any ETFs
or money market funds, in which the Fund invests will not achieve its
investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively or
that significant purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such
an investment company might negatively affect the value of its shares. The
Fund must pay its pro rata portion of an investment company’s fees and
expenses. To the extent the Adviser determines to invest Fund assets in
other investment companies, the Adviser will have an incentive to invest
in other investment vehicles sponsored or advised by the Adviser or a
related party of the Adviser over investment companies sponsored or
managed by others and to maintain such investments once made due to its
own financial interest in those products and other business
considerations. |
Please
see “Additional Information About Principal Investment Strategies and Principal
Risks — Principal Risks” for a more detailed description of the principal risks
of investing in the Fund.
Performance
The
following performance information provides some indication of the risks of
investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s shares
for each full calendar year since the Fund’s inception. The table below
shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund’s shares for the periods
shown compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
The
Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an
indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated
information on the Fund’s investment results can be obtained at no charge by
calling (855)
937-0772 or by visiting the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com.
During
the periods shown above, the highest and lowest quarterly returns earned by the
Fund’s shares were:
|
|
|
| |
Highest: |
|
6.50% |
|
Quarter
ended: 12/31/2023 |
Lowest: |
|
-3.23% |
|
Quarter
ended: 9/30/2023 |
The
year-to-date total return for
the Fund as of December 31, 2023
was 6.34%.
-10-
Average
Annual Total Returns (for the period ended December 31, 2023)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
One Year |
|
|
Since Inception (March 31, 2022) |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
6.34% |
|
|
|
-0.44% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
4.42% |
|
|
|
-2.07% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
|
|
3.71% |
|
|
|
-1.03% |
|
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond
Index (reflects no deduction
for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
5.53% |
|
|
|
-1.38% |
|
The Fund’s after-tax returns as
shown in the above table are calculated using the historical highest applicable
individual federal marginal income tax rates for the period and do not reflect
the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns
depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you own shares
of the Fund in a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual
retirement account, after-tax returns shown are not relevant to your
investment. The “Return After Taxes on
Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than other return figures
because when a capital loss occurs upon the redemption of shares of the Fund, a
tax deduction is provided that may benefit the investor. The
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index represents securities that are registered
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, taxable, and dollar denominated.
This index covers the U.S. investment-grade fixed rate bond market, with index
components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through
securities, and asset-backed securities. These major sectors are subdivided into
more specific indices that are calculated and reported on a regular basis. It is
not possible to invest directly in an index.
Investment
Adviser
DoubleLine
ETF Adviser LP is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio
Managers
The
portfolio managers for the Fund are:
|
|
|
| |
Name |
|
Experience
with
the
Fund |
|
Primary Title with the
Investment
Adviser |
Jeffrey E. Gundlach |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2022 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Jeffrey
J. Sherman |
|
Since
the Fund’s inception in 2022 |
|
President
& Portfolio Manager |
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Individual
Fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker
or dealer at a market price. Because ETF shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference
between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the
Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the
Fund (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market
(the “bid/ask spread”). Information on the Fund’s
NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is
available on the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com.
Tax
Information
The
Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income or capital
gains, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a
401(k) plan or individual retirement account. If you invest through such
tax-advantaged arrangements, you may be taxed later upon withdrawal from those
arrangements.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser, and the Fund’s
distributor or any of their affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for
the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a
conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary and your
salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual
salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
-11-
Fund
Summary
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF (DCRE)
Investment
Objective
The Fund’s
investment objective is to seek current income and capital
preservation. As a secondary objective,
the Fund seeks long-term capital
appreciation.
Fees
and Expenses of the Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement between DoubleLine ETF
Trust and DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s adviser provides that the
Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees,
interest expenses, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes,
expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio
securities and the execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage
commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liabilities,
distribution fees or expenses, and any extraordinary expenses (such as
litigation). You may pay other fees, such as
brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not
reflected in the fee table or example below.
|
| |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from
your investment) |
|
None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
|
|
|
| |
Management Fees |
|
|
0.39% |
|
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1)
Fees |
|
|
None |
|
Other Expenses |
|
|
0.00% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
|
|
0.39% |
|
Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds.
This
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then sell all your shares at the end of those periods. The example
also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s
operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
|
| |
1 Year |
|
$41 |
3 Years |
|
$128 |
5 Years |
|
$224 |
10 Years |
|
$505 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund incurs transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction
costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable
account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses
or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the period beginning
with commencement of operations on March 31, 2023 through
September 30, 2023, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 36% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The
Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund
will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings
for investment purposes, in commercial real estate instruments or other
investments with economic characteristics similar to commercial real estate
instruments, such as derivative instruments (including credit default
swaps). These investments include agency and non-agency
commercial mortgage-backed securities,
-12-
commercial
real estate collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), Real Estate Mortgage Investment
Conduits, which are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed
pool of mortgages secured by interests in real property (“REMICs”) and Re-REMICs (which are REMICs that
have been re-securitized), and single asset, single borrower loans.
The
Fund may also invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, as well
as cash and cash equivalents.
The
Fund’s investments may bear fixed or variable interest rates of any maturity.
The market value of derivatives that have economic characteristics similar to
the investments included in the Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for
purposes of such policy. If the Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will
notify shareholders at least 60 days in advance of the change.
The
Fund expects to invest primarily in instruments rated, at the time of purchase,
A- to AAA by S&P Global Ratings or the equivalent by any other nationally
recognized statistical rating organization.
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other registered investment
companies, including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs,
in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations.
In
managing the Fund’s portfolio, the portfolio managers typically use a controlled
risk approach. The techniques of this approach attempt to control the principal
risk components of the fixed income markets and may include, among other
factors, consideration of the Adviser’s view of the following: the potential
relative performance of various market sectors, security selection available
within a given sector, the risk/reward equation for different asset classes,
liquidity conditions in various market sectors, the shape of the yield curve and
projections for changes in the yield curve, potential fluctuations in the
overall level of interest rates, and current fiscal policy.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to
assess and, in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk.
In managing the Fund’s investments, under normal market conditions, the
portfolio managers intend to seek to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration of three years or less. Duration is a
measure of the expected life of a fixed income instrument that is used to
determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates.
Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for
the anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage prepayment
rates as determined by the Adviser. The effective duration of the Fund’s
investment portfolio may vary materially from time to time, and there is no
assurance that the effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
not exceed three years at any time. The Fund may invest in individual securities
of any maturity or duration.
The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, exposure to one or more
asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect or create investment leverage,
the Fund typically will use derivatives transactions. The Fund may use futures
contracts and options on futures contracts, in order to gain efficient
investment exposures as an alternative to cash investments or to hedge against
portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps, to gain indirect exposures to interest
rates, issuers, or currencies, or to hedge against portfolio exposures; put and
call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to take indirect
positions on indexes, securities, currencies, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended, and may invest in the securities of a smaller number of
issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
value of the Fund’s shares will vary as its portfolio investments increase or
decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go
down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund. The
significance of
-13-
any
specific risk to an investment in the Fund will vary over time, depending on the
composition of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You
should read all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any
one or more of these risks may result in losses to the Fund.
The
principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
|
¡ |
|
credit risk:
the risk that an issuer, counterparty or other obligor to
the Fund will fail to pay its obligations to the Fund when they are due,
which may reduce the Fund’s income and/or reduce, in whole or in part, the
value of the Fund’s investment. Actual or perceived changes in the
financial condition of an obligor, changes in economic, social or
political conditions that affect a particular type of security,
instrument, or obligor, and changes in economic, social or political
conditions generally can increase the risk of default by an obligor, which
can affect a security’s or other instrument’s credit quality or value and
an obligor’s ability to honor its obligations when due. The values of
lower-quality debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”), including
floating rate loans, tend to be particularly sensitive to these changes.
The values of securities or instruments also may decline for a number of
other reasons that relate directly to the obligor, such as management
performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the obligor’s
goods and services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of
the obligor and the value of its assets.
|
|
¡ |
|
interest rate
risk: the risk that debt instruments will change in value
because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a
longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to
changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter
duration. Bonds and other debt instruments typically have a positive
duration. The value of a debt instrument with positive duration will
generally decline if interest rates increase. Certain other investments,
such as inverse floaters and certain derivative instruments, may have a
negative duration. The value of instruments with a negative duration will
generally decline if interest rates decrease. Inverse floaters,
interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to
interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also
change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments.
Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused
the fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of
interest rate volatility and liquidity risk. The risks associated with
rising interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given
that the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates from historically
low levels and may continue to do so. Further, in market environments
where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to
make principal and interest payments on fixed-income investments when due.
|
|
¡ |
|
prepayment
risk: the risk that the issuer of a debt security, including
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, repays all or a
portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of
declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s
higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to
reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. Prepayments
can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.
|
|
¡ |
|
extension risk:
the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of
principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to,
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower
rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could
lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk
generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates
rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.
|
• |
|
market risk:
the risk that markets will perform poorly or that the
returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform
returns from the general securities markets or other types of investments.
Markets may, in response to governmental actions or intervention or
general market conditions, including real or perceived adverse political,
economic or market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation,
recession, changes in interest or currency rates, lack of liquidity in the
bond markets or adverse investor sentiment or other external factors,
experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity. During those
periods, the Fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions,
which may only occur in Creation Units (as defined below). To satisfy such
redemptions, the Fund may have to sell securities at times when the Fund
would otherwise not do so, and potentially at unfavorable prices. Certain
securities may be difficult to value during such periods. Market risk
involves the risk that the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
change, potentially frequently and in large amounts, as the prices of its
investments go up or down. During periods of severe market stress, it is
possible that the market for some or all of the Fund’s investments may
become highly illiquid. Recently, there have been inflationary price
movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to
experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity
risk. Please see “debt securities risks – interest rate risk” herein for
more information. |
-14-
• |
|
securities or
sector selection risk: the risk that the securities held by
the Fund will underperform securities held in other funds investing in
similar asset classes or comparable benchmarks because of the portfolio
managers’ choice of securities or sectors for investment. To the extent
the Fund allocates a higher percentage of its investment portfolio to a
particular sector or related sectors, the Fund will be more susceptible to
events or factors affecting companies in that sector or related sectors.
For example, the values of securities of companies in the same or related
sectors may be negatively affected by the common characteristics they
share, the common business risks to which they are subject, common
regulatory burdens, or regulatory changes that affect them similarly. Such
characteristics, risks, burdens or changes include, but are not limited
to, changes in governmental regulation, inflation or deflation, rising or
falling interest rates, competition from new entrants, and other economic,
market, political or other developments specific to that sector or related
sectors. Although the Fund will not focus or concentrate its investments
in companies within the real estate sector, the risk characteristics of
the Fund’s portfolio will be closely tied to that of the real estate
sector, which is described immediately below.
|
• |
|
real estate
sector and commercial real estate markets risk: the risk
that commercial real estate-related investments may decline in value as a
result of factors affecting the real estate sector (and, in particular,
the commercial real estate markets), such as the supply of real property
in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of
construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes,
levels of occupancy, and local, regional, and general market conditions.
Commercial real estate loans are secured by commercial property and are
subject to the risks of delinquency and foreclosure. The ability of a
borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically
is dependent primarily on the successful operation of such property. If a
borrower’s net operating income is reduced due to changing national,
regional or local economic conditions, changes in business demand, social
unrest and civil disturbances, political unrest, global health crises, or
other reasons, then the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be
impaired. Tenant mix, success of tenant businesses, property management
decisions, property location and conditions, competition from comparable
properties, changes in laws that increase operating expenses or limit
rents that may be charged, the need to address environmental issues
associated with a property, declines in real estate values, increases in
interest rates or taxes, and increase in regulatory and compliance costs
can all negatively affect returns on investments in commercial real
estate. |
• |
|
liquidity risk:
the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell a portfolio
investment at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the
investment. Illiquidity may be the result of, for example, low trading
volume, lack of a market maker, or contractual or legal restrictions that
limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities or closing derivative
positions. During periods of substantial market disruption, a large
portion of the Fund’s assets could potentially experience significant
levels of illiquidity. The values of illiquid investments are often more
volatile than the values of more liquid investments. It may be more
difficult for the Fund to determine a fair value of an illiquid investment
than that of a more liquid comparable investment.
|
• |
|
valuation
risk: the risk that the Fund will not value its investments
in a manner that accurately reflects their market values or that the Fund
will not be able to sell any investment at a price equal to the valuation
ascribed to that investment for purposes of calculating the Fund’s net
asset value (“NAV”). The valuation
of the Fund’s investments involves subjective judgment. Certain securities
in which the Fund may invest may be more difficult to value accurately,
especially during periods of market disruptions or extreme market
volatility. Incorrect valuations of the Fund’s portfolio holdings could
result in the Fund’s shareholder transactions being effected at an NAV
that does not accurately reflect the underlying value of the Fund’s
portfolio, resulting in the dilution of shareholder interests.
|
• |
|
mortgage-backed
securities risk: the risk that borrowers may default on
their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the
mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during
periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be
called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest
proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of
rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may
extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the
security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security. Enforcing
rights against the underlying assets or collateral may be difficult, or
the underlying assets or collateral may be insufficient if the issuer
defaults. The values of certain types of mortgage-backed securities, such
as inverse floaters and interest-only and principal-only securities, may
be extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates.
The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities that are subordinate in
their right to receive payment of interest and repayment of principal to
other classes of the issuer’s securities.
|
• |
|
structured
products and structured notes risk: the risk that an
investment in a structured product, which includes, among other things,
CDOs, mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed securities
and certain types of structured notes, may decline in value due to changes
in the underlying instruments, indexes, interest rates or other factors on
which the product is based (“reference
measure”). Depending on the reference measure used and the use of
multipliers or |
-15-
|
deflators
(if any), changes in interest rates and movement of the reference measure
may cause significant price and cash flow fluctuations. Application of a
multiplier is comparable to the use of financial leverage, a speculative
technique. Holders of structured products indirectly bear risks associated
with the reference measure, are subject to counterparty risk and typically
do not have direct rights against the reference measure. Structured
products are generally privately offered and sold, and thus, are not
registered under the securities laws and may be thinly traded or have a
limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s
illiquidity, reducing the Fund’s income and the value of the investment.
At a particular point in time, the Fund may be unable to find qualified
buyers for these securities. Investments in structured notes involve risks
including interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk.
|
• |
|
loan
risk: the risk that (i) if the Fund holds a loan
through another financial intermediary, or relies on a financial
intermediary to administer the loan, its receipt of principal and interest
on the loan may be subject to the credit risk of that financial
intermediary; (ii) any collateral securing a loan may be insufficient
or unavailable to the Fund, because, for example, the value of the
collateral securing a loan can decline, be insufficient to meet the
obligations of the borrower, or be difficult to liquidate, and the Fund’s
rights to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws;
(iii) investments in highly leveraged loans or loans of stressed,
distressed, or defaulted issuers may be subject to significant credit and
liquidity risk; (iv) a bankruptcy or other court proceeding could
delay or limit the ability of the Fund to collect the principal and
interest payments on that borrower’s loans or adversely affect the Fund’s
rights in collateral relating to a loan; (v) there may be limited
public information available regarding the loan and the relevant
borrower(s); (vi) the use of a particular interest rate benchmark may
limit the Fund’s ability to achieve a net return to shareholders that
consistently approximates the average published Prime Rate of U.S. banks;
(vii) the prices of certain floating rate loans that include a
feature that prevents their interest rates from adjusting if market
interest rates are below a specified minimum level may appreciate less
than other instruments in response to changes in interest rates should
interest rates rise but remain below the applicable minimum level;
(viii) if a borrower fails to comply with various restrictive
covenants that may be found in loan agreements, the borrower may default
in payment of the loan; (ix) if the Fund invests in loans that
contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower than certain
other types of loans (“covenant-lite” loans), it may have fewer
rights against the borrowers of such loans, including fewer protections
against the possibility of default and fewer remedies in the event of
default; (x) the loan is unsecured; (xi) there is a limited
secondary market; (xii) transactions in loans may settle on a delayed
basis, and the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan
for a substantial period of time after the sale, which may result in sale
proceeds related to the sale of loans not being available to make
additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations until
potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loans; and
(xiii) loans may be difficult to value and may be illiquid, which may
adversely affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund may invest in loans
directly or indirectly by investing in shares of another investment
company and in either case will be subject to the risks described above.
|
• |
|
counterparty
risk: the risk that the Fund will be subject to credit risk
with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts and other
instruments entered into by the Fund; that the Fund’s counterparty will be
unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; that the Fund will be
unable to enforce contractual remedies if its counterparty defaults; that
if a counterparty (or an affiliate of a counterparty) becomes bankrupt,
the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery or
may obtain limited or no recovery in a bankruptcy or other insolvency
proceeding. To the extent that the Fund enters into multiple transactions
with a single or a small set of counterparties, it will be subject to
increased counterparty risk. |
• |
|
operational and
information security risks: an investment in the Fund, like
any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as
processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external
processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and
errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of
these failures, errors or breaches could result in investment losses to
the Fund, a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage
or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the
Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and
oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the
Fund. |
|
¡ |
|
authorized
participant concentration risk: as an ETF, the Fund issues
and redeems shares on a continuous basis at NAV only in a large specified
number of shares called a “Creation Unit.” Only a limited number of
institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) are authorized
to purchase (or create) and redeem shares directly from the Fund. To the
extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed
with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no
other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem,
in either of these cases, Fund shares may trade at a discount to NAV and
possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.
|
-16-
|
¡ |
|
secondary
market trading risk: as an ETF, shares of the Fund trade on
an exchange, the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Fund faces numerous
market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for
Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high
volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption process. Any of
these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a
premium or discount to NAV. |
|
• |
|
absence of
active market: although the Fund’s shares are currently
listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an
active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by
market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not
obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In
periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants
may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active
market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading
at a premium or discount to NAV.
|
|
• |
|
early
close/trading halt/delisting risk: trading in Fund shares
may be halted due to market conditions or for other reasons that, in the
view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of the Fund inadvisable.
Additionally, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on
specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or
financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund
being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments.
In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio,
may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur
substantial trading losses. The Fund must satisfy various standards
established by the Exchange in order to ensure that Fund shares can
continue to be listed for trading. There can be no assurance that the
requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund
will continue to be met. |
|
• |
|
trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses: most Fund investors will buy
and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on another secondary market. When
buying or selling shares of the Fund, investors typically will pay
brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by
that broker. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the
cost of the difference between the price that a buyer is willing to pay
for shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which a seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
be sold short: shares of the Fund, similar to shares of
other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are
therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases
associated with short selling activity.
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV: shares of the Fund trade on
the Exchange at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The
NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and
fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The
trading price of the Fund’s shares fluctuates continuously throughout
trading hours in response to relative supply of and demand for Fund shares
on the Exchange and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings
or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s shares may deviate
significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility, including
during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market
conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S
SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. Disruptions to creations
and redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading market for Fund shares may result in shares
trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV and/or in a reduced
liquidity of a shareholder’s investment. During such periods, shareholders
may be unable to sell their shares, may pay significantly more than NAV
when buying Fund shares, or may receive significantly less than NAV when
selling Fund shares. |
• |
|
active
management risk: the risk that the Fund will fail to meet
its investment objective and that the Fund’s investment performance will
depend, at least in part, on how its assets are allocated and reallocated
among asset classes, sectors, underlying funds and/or investments and that
such allocation will focus on asset classes, sectors, underlying funds,
and/or investments that perform poorly or underperform other asset
classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or available investments. Any
given investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results, and
the Fund’s portfolio may underperform other comparable funds because of
portfolio management decisions related to, among other things, the
selection of investments, portfolio construction, risk assessments, and/or
the outlook on market trends and opportunities.
|
• |
|
U.S. government
securities risk: the risk that debt securities issued or
guaranteed by certain U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities, and
sponsored enterprises are not supported by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. government, and so investments in their securities or obligations
issued by them involve credit risk greater than investments in other types
of U.S. government securities.
|
-17-
• |
|
limited
operating history risk: the Fund has a limited operating
history for investors to evaluate. The Fund may not attract sufficient
assets to achieve or maximize investment and operational efficiencies and
remain viable. If the Fund fails to achieve sufficient scale, it may be
liquidated. |
• |
|
portfolio
turnover risk: the risk that frequent purchases and sales of
portfolio securities may result in higher Fund expenses and may result in
larger distributions of taxable capital gains to investors as compared to
a fund that trades less frequently.
|
• |
|
derivatives
risk: the risk that an investment in derivatives will not
perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may not be available at the time or
price desired, cannot be closed out at a favorable time or price, will
increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or will increase the Fund’s
volatility; that derivatives may create investment leverage; that, when a
derivative is used as a substitute for or alternative to a direct cash
investment, the transaction may not provide a return that corresponds
precisely or at all with that of the cash investment; that the positions
may be improperly executed or constructed; that the Fund’s counterparty
will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; or that, when used
for hedging purposes, derivatives will not provide the anticipated
protection, causing the Fund to lose money on both the derivatives
transaction and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge.
|
• |
|
financial
services risk: the risk that an investment in issuers in the
financial services sector or transactions with one or more counterparties
in the financial services sector may be adversely affected by, among other
things: (i) changes in governmental regulation, which may limit both
the amounts and the types of loans and other financial commitments
financial services companies can make, the interest rates and fees they
can charge, the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and
the amount of capital they must maintain; (ii) fluctuations,
including as a result of interest rate changes or increased competition,
in the availability and cost of capital funds on which the profitability
of financial services companies is largely dependent;
(iii) deterioration of the credit markets; (iv) credit losses
resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers, especially when
financial services companies are exposed to non-diversified or
concentrated loan portfolios; (v) financial losses associated with
investment activities, especially when financial services companies are
exposed to financial leverage; (vi) the risk that any financial
services company experiences substantial declines in the valuations of its
assets, takes action to raise capital, or ceases operations;
(vii) the risk that a market shock or other unexpected market,
economic, political, regulatory, or other event might lead to a sudden
decline in the values of most or all companies in the financial services
sector; (viii) events leading to limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial
institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or
rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, leading to
market-wide liquidity problems; and (ix) the interconnectedness or
interdependence among financial services companies, including the risk
that the financial distress or failure of one financial services company
may materially and adversely affect a number of other financial services
companies. |
• |
|
leveraging
risk: the risk that certain investments by the Fund
involving leverage may have the effect of increasing the volatility of the
value of the Fund’s portfolio, and the risk of loss in excess of invested
capital. |
• |
|
non-diversification risk: the
risk that, because a relatively higher percentage of the Fund’s assets may
be invested in a limited number of issuers, the Fund may be more
susceptible to any single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence
than a diversified fund investing in a broader range of issuers. A decline
in the market value of one of the Fund’s investments may affect the Fund’s
value more than if the Fund were a diversified fund. However, the Fund
intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements for
qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
|
• |
|
collateralized
debt obligations risk: the risks of an investment in a CDO
depend largely on the quality and type of the collateral and the tranche
of the CDO in which the Fund invests. Normally, collateralized bond
obligations , CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus
are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in
CDOs may be illiquid. In addition to the risks associated with debt
instruments (e.g., interest rate
risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not
limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral
will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the
quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the
possibility that the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other
classes of the issuer’s securities; and (iv) the complex structure of
the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may
produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
|
• |
|
restricted
securities risk: the risk that the Fund may be prevented or
limited by law or the terms of an agreement from selling a security (a
“restricted security”). To the
extent that the Fund is permitted to sell a restricted security, there can
be no assurance that a trading market will exist at any particular time,
and the Fund may be unable to dispose of the
|
-18-
|
security
promptly at reasonable prices or at all. The Fund may have to bear the
expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk of
substantial delays in effecting the registration. Also, restricted
securities may be difficult to value because market quotations may not be
readily available, and the values of restricted securities may have
significant volatility. |
• |
|
large
shareholder risk: the risk that certain account holders,
including the Adviser or funds or accounts over which the Adviser (or
related parties of the Adviser) has investment discretion, may from time
to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s shares. The
Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of all
or a portion of their Fund shares, including as a result of an asset
allocation decision made by the Adviser (or related parties of the
Adviser), will adversely affect the Fund’s performance if it is forced to
sell portfolio securities or invest cash when the Adviser would not
otherwise choose to do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares may
affect the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s
transaction costs, and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or
gains to shareholders. Shareholder redemptions can only be effected in
Creation Units. |
• |
|
investment
company and exchange-traded fund risk: the risk that an
investment company or other pooled investment vehicle, including any ETFs
or money market funds, in which the Fund invests will not achieve its
investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively or
that significant purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such
an investment company might negatively affect the value of its shares. The
Fund must pay its pro rata portion of an investment company’s fees and
expenses. To the extent the Adviser determines to invest Fund assets in
other investment companies, the Adviser will have an incentive to invest
in other investment vehicles sponsored or advised by the Adviser or a
related party of the Adviser over investment companies sponsored or
managed by others and to maintain such investments once made due to its
own financial interest in those products and other business
considerations. |
Please
see “Additional Information About Principal Investment Strategies and Principal
Risks — Principal Risks” for a more detailed description of the principal risks
of investing in the Fund.
Performance
Performance information for the Fund is not
included because the Fund has not had one full calendar year of
performance. Financial information for the Fund for the fiscal
year ended September 30, 2023 is available in the Financial Highlights
section of the Prospectus. Information on the Fund’s investment results,
including its NAV per share, can be obtained at no charge by calling
(855) 937-0772 or by
visiting the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com.
Investment
Adviser
DoubleLine
ETF Adviser LP is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio
Managers
The
portfolio managers for the Fund are:
|
|
|
| |
Name |
|
Experience with
the
Fund |
|
Primary Title with the
Investment
Adviser |
Morris Chen |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Mark Cho |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Robert
Stanbrook |
|
Since
the Fund’s inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Individual
Fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker
or dealer at a market price. Because ETF shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference
between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the
Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the
Fund (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market
(the “bid/ask spread”).
Information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts,
and bid/ask spreads, will be available on the Fund’s website at
www.doubleline.com.
-19-
Tax
Information
The
Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income or capital
gains, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement,
such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. If you invest through
such tax-advantaged arrangements, you may be taxed later upon
withdrawal from those arrangements.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser, and the Fund’s
distributor or any of their affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for
the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a
conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary and your
salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual
salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
-20-
Fund
Summary
DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF (DMBS)
Investment
Objective
The
Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return (capital appreciation and
current income) which exceeds the total return of its benchmark index, the
Bloomberg U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities Index, over a full market cycle.
Fees
and Expenses of the Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement between DoubleLine ETF
Trust and DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s adviser provides that the
Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees,
interest expenses, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes,
expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio
securities and the execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage
commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liabilities,
distribution fees or expenses, and any extraordinary expenses (such as
litigation). You may pay other fees, such as
brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not
reflected in the fee table or example below.
|
| |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from
your investment) |
|
None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
|
|
|
| |
Management Fees |
|
|
0.49% |
|
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1)
Fees |
|
|
None |
|
Other Expenses |
|
|
0.00% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
|
|
0.49% |
|
Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds.
This
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then sell all your shares at the end of those periods. The example
also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s
operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
|
| |
1 Year |
|
$52 |
3 Years |
|
$164 |
5 Years |
|
$285 |
10 Years |
|
$640 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund incurs transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio
turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher
taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not
reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s
performance. During the period beginning with commencement of operations on
March 31, 2023 through September 30, 2023, the Fund’s portfolio
turnover rate was 31% of the average value of its
portfolio.
Principal
Investment Strategies
The
Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund
will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings
for investment purposes) in residential mortgage-backed securities and other
residential mortgage-related securities (together, “Residential Mortgage Securities”) deemed to be
rated investment grade at the time of purchase. Residential Mortgage Securities
in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation:
-21-
residential
mortgage-related securities of any maturity or type, including those guaranteed
by, or secured by collateral that is guaranteed by, the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, and
privately issued mortgage-backed securities; pass-through securities, including
government, private, and multiclass pass-through securities; stripped mortgage
securities (interest-only and principal-only securities); mortgage servicing
rights; single-family rental-related securities; collateralized mortgage
obligations; Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits, which are private
entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by
interests in real property (“REMICS”) and
Re-REMICs (which are REMICs that have been re-securitized); loan participations
and similar instruments; credit risk transfer securities that, while not backed
by mortgage loans, have credit exposure to a pool of mortgage loans acquired by
the government-sponsored entity or private entity issuing the securities;
instruments backed by collateral such as performing, non-performing (i.e., loans
currently delinquent or in default) and/or re-performing loans (i.e., loans
previously, but no longer, delinquent or in default), qualified and
non-qualified mortgage loans; and mortgage-related derivatives such as inverse
floaters (instruments whose coupon rate is inversely related to the reference
rate), inverse interest-only securities and repurchase agreements. The Fund’s
investments may bear fixed or variable interest rates of any maturity. The
market value of derivatives that have economic characteristics similar to the
investments included in the Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for
purposes of such policy. If the Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will
notify shareholders at least 60 days in advance of the change.
The
Adviser expects normally to invest at least 50% of its net assets (plus the
amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in Residential Mortgage
Securities issued and guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies,
instrumentalities or sponsored corporations such as the Government National
Mortgage Association, the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
Although
under normal circumstances the Fund intends to invest primarily in Residential
Mortgage Securities deemed to be rated investment grade (i.e., securities rated
Baa3/BBB- or higher) at the time of purchase, the Fund may also invest in
certain other fixed-income securities as contemplated herein, including
derivatives, U.S. government securities, and other cash and cash-equivalents.
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other registered investment
companies, including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs,
in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations.
In
selecting among available Residential Mortgage Securities, the Fund expects to
consider, among other things, available yield, duration characteristics,
collateral quality, level of correlation to other risk assets, supply/demand
technicals, and sponsor quality. The Fund may invest in any level of the capital
structure of an issuer, including subordinated or residual tranches and the
equity or “first loss” tranche.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser has broad discretion to manage the Fund’s portfolio duration; however,
the Adviser expects normally to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration within two years (plus or minus) of
that of its benchmark index, the Bloomberg U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities
Index, which was approximately 6 years as of November 30, 2023. The Adviser
monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to assess and,
in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Adviser
seeks to manage the Fund’s duration based on the Adviser’s view of, among other
things, future interest rates and market conditions. Duration is a measure of
the expected life of a fixed income instrument that is used to determine the
sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. Effective
duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for the
anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage prepayment
rates as determined by the Adviser. The Fund may invest in individual securities
of any maturity or duration. The effective duration of the Fund’s investment
portfolio may vary significantly from time to time and may be negative at
certain times, and there is no assurance that the effective duration of the
Fund’s investment portfolio will remain within the targeted range described
above.
The
Adviser may seek to manage the dollar-weighted average effective duration of the
Fund’s portfolio through the purchase and sale of securities of different
durations and through the use of derivatives and other instruments (including,
among others, inverse floaters, futures contracts, U.S. Treasury swaps, interest
rate swaps, total return swaps and options, including swaptions). The Fund may
incur costs in implementing duration management strategies, and there can be no
assurance that the Fund will engage in duration management strategies or that
any duration management strategy employed by the Fund will be successful.
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The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes, in lieu of cash investments or otherwise to gain, or
reduce, exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect
or create investment leverage, the Fund typically will use derivatives
transactions. The Fund may use futures contracts and options on futures
contracts, in order to gain efficient investment exposures as an alternative to
cash investments or to hedge against portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps,
to gain indirect exposures to interest rates, or to hedge against portfolio
exposures; put and call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to
take indirect positions on indexes, securities, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
Additionally,
the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or
forward commitment basis, including United States agency mortgage-backed
securities that forward-settle (e.g., “To Be
Announced” Securities”). The Fund may seek to obtain market exposure to
the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of
purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy
backs or dollar rolls), which may create investment leverage.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended, and may invest in the securities of a smaller number of
issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
value of the Fund’s shares will vary as its portfolio investments increase or
decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go
down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund. The
significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Fund will vary over
time, depending on the composition of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions,
and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below
carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the
Fund.
The
principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
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credit risk:
the risk that an issuer, counterparty or other obligor to
the Fund will fail to pay its obligations to the Fund when they are due,
which may reduce the Fund’s income and/or reduce, in whole or in part, the
value of the Fund’s investment. Actual or perceived changes in the
financial condition of an obligor, changes in economic, social or
political conditions that affect a particular type of security,
instrument, or obligor, and changes in economic, social or political
conditions generally can increase the risk of default by an obligor, which
can affect a security’s or other instrument’s credit quality or value and
an obligor’s ability to honor its obligations when due. The values of
lower-quality debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”), including floating rate
loans, tend to be particularly sensitive to these changes. The values of
securities or instruments also may decline for a number of other reasons
that relate directly to the obligor, such as management performance,
financial leverage, and reduced demand for the obligor’s goods and
services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the
obligor and the value of its assets.
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interest rate
risk: the risk that debt instruments will change in value
because of changes in interest rates. The value of an instrument with a
longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to
changes in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter
duration. Bonds and other debt instruments typically have a positive
duration. The value of a debt instrument with positive duration will
generally decline if interest rates increase. Certain other investments,
such as inverse floaters and certain derivative instruments, may have a
negative duration. The value of instruments with a negative duration will
generally decline if interest rates decrease. Inverse floaters,
interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to
interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also
change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments.
Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused
fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of
interest rate volatility and liquidity risk. The risks associated with
rising interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given
that the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates from historically
low levels and may continue to do so. Further, in market environments
where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to
make principal and interest payments on fixed-income investments when due.
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prepayment
risk: the risk that the issuer of a debt security, including
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, repays all or a
portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity. In times of
declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that the Fund’s
higher yielding securities will be pre-paid with the Fund being unable to
reinvest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. Prepayments
can therefore result in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund.
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extension risk:
the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of
principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to,
floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower
rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could
lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk
generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates
rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.
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market risk:
the risk that markets will perform poorly or that the
returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform
returns from the general securities markets or other types of investments.
Markets may, in response to governmental actions or intervention or
general market conditions, including real or perceived adverse political,
economic or market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation,
recession, changes in interest or currency rates, lack of liquidity in the
bond markets or adverse investor sentiment, or other external factors,
experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity. During those
periods, the Fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions,
which may only occur in Creation Units (as defined below). To satisfy such
redemptions, the Fund may have to sell securities at times when the Fund
would otherwise not do so, and potentially at unfavorable prices. Certain
securities may be difficult to value during such periods. Market risk
involves the risk that the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
change, potentially frequently and in large amounts, as the prices of its
investments go up or down. During periods of severe market stress, it is
possible that the market for some or all of the Fund’s investments may
become highly illiquid. Recently, there have been inflationary price
movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to
experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity
risk. Please see “debt securities risks — interest rate risk” herein for
more information. |
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securities or
sector selection risk: the risk that the securities held by
the Fund will underperform securities held in other funds investing in
similar asset classes or comparable benchmarks because of the portfolio
managers’ choice of securities or sectors for investment. To the extent
the Fund allocates a higher percentage of its investment portfolio to a
particular sector or related sectors, the Fund will be more susceptible to
events or factors affecting companies in that sector or related sectors.
For example, the values of securities of companies in the same or related
sectors may be negatively affected by the common characteristics they
share, the common business risks to which they are subject, common
regulatory burdens, or regulatory changes that affect them similarly. Such
characteristics, risks, burdens or changes include, but are not limited
to, changes in governmental regulation, inflation or deflation, rising or
falling interest rates, competition from new entrants, and other economic,
market, political or other developments specific to that sector or related
sectors. Although the Fund will not focus or concentrate its investments
in companies within the real estate sector, the risk characteristics of
the Fund’s portfolio will be closely tied to that of the real estate
sector, which is described immediately below.
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real estate
sector risk: the risk that real estate-related investments
may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate
sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in
zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate
values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local,
regional, and general market conditions.
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liquidity risk:
the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell a portfolio
investment at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the
investment. Illiquidity may be the result of, for example, low trading
volume, lack of a market maker, or contractual or legal restrictions that
limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities or closing derivative
positions. During periods of substantial market disruption, a large
portion of the Fund’s assets could potentially experience significant
levels of illiquidity. The values of illiquid investments are often more
volatile than the values of more liquid investments. It may be more
difficult for the Fund to determine a fair value of an illiquid investment
than that of a more liquid comparable investment.
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valuation
risk: the risk that the Fund will not value its investments
in a manner that accurately reflects their market values or that the Fund
will not be able to sell any investment at a price equal to the valuation
ascribed to that investment for purposes of calculating the Fund’s net
asset value (“NAV”). The valuation
of the Fund’s investments involves subjective judgment. Certain securities
in which the Fund may invest may be more difficult to value accurately,
especially during periods of market disruptions or extreme market
volatility. Incorrect valuations of the Fund’s portfolio holdings could
result in the Fund’s shareholder transactions being effected at an NAV
that does not accurately reflect the underlying value of the Fund’s
portfolio, resulting in the dilution of shareholder interests.
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mortgage-backed
securities risk: the risk that borrowers may default on
their mortgage obligations or the guarantees underlying the
mortgage-backed securities will default or otherwise fail and that, during
periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-backed securities will be
called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest
proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. During periods of
rising interest rates, the average life of a mortgage-backed security may
extend, which may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the
security’s duration, and reduce the value of the security. Enforcing
rights against the underlying assets or collateral may be difficult, or
the underlying assets or collateral may be insufficient if the issuer
defaults. The values of certain types of mortgage-backed securities, such
as inverse floaters and interest-only and principal-only securities, may
be extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates and prepayment rates.
The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities that are subordinate in
their right to receive payment of interest and repayment of principal to
other classes of the issuer’s securities.
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structured
products and structured notes risk: the risk that an
investment in a structured product, which includes, among other things,
CDOs, mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed securities
and certain types of structured notes, may decline in value due to changes
in the underlying instruments, indexes, interest rates or other factors on
which the product is based (“reference
measure”). Depending on the reference measure used and the use of
multipliers or deflators (if any), changes in interest rates and movement
of the reference measure may cause significant price and cash flow
fluctuations. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of
financial leverage, a speculative technique. Holders of structured
products indirectly bear risks associated with the reference measure, are
subject to counterparty risk and typically do not have direct rights
against the reference measure. Structured products are generally privately
offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws
and may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the
effect of increasing the Fund’s illiquidity, reducing the Fund’s income
and the value of the investment. At a particular point in time, the Fund
may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities. Investments
in structured notes involve risks including interest rate risk, credit
risk and market risk. |
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loan
risk: the risk that (i) if the Fund holds a loan
through another financial intermediary, or relies on a financial
intermediary to administer the loan, its receipt of principal and interest
on the loan may be subject to the credit risk of that financial
intermediary; (ii) any collateral securing a loan may be insufficient
or unavailable to the Fund, because, for example, the value of the
collateral securing a loan can decline, be insufficient to meet the
obligations of the borrower, or be difficult to liquidate, and the Fund’s
rights to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws;
(iii) investments in highly leveraged loans or loans of stressed,
distressed, or defaulted issuers may be subject to significant credit and
liquidity risk; (iv) a bankruptcy or other court proceeding could
delay or limit the ability of the Fund to collect the principal and
interest payments on that borrower’s loans or adversely affect the Fund’s
rights in collateral relating to a loan; (v) there may be limited
public information available regarding the loan and the relevant
borrower(s); (vi) the use of a particular interest rate benchmark may
limit the Fund’s ability to achieve a net return to shareholders that
consistently approximates the average published Prime Rate of U.S. banks;
(vii) the prices of certain floating rate loans that include a
feature that prevents their interest rates from adjusting if market
interest rates are below a specified minimum level may appreciate less
than other instruments in response to changes in interest rates should
interest rates rise but remain below the applicable minimum level;
(viii) if a borrower fails to comply with various restrictive
covenants that may be found in loan agreements, the borrower may default
in payment of the loan; (ix) if the Fund invests in loans that
contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower than certain
other types of loans (“covenant-lite” loans), it may have fewer
rights against the borrowers of such loans, including fewer protections
against the possibility of default and fewer remedies in the event of
default; (x) the loan is unsecured; (xi) there is a limited
secondary market; (xii) transactions in loans may settle on a delayed
basis, and the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan
for a substantial period of time after the sale, which may result in sale
proceeds related to the sale of loans not being available to make
additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations until
potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loans; and
(xiii) loans may be difficult to value and may be illiquid, which may
adversely affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund may invest in loans
directly or indirectly by investing in shares of another investment
company and in either case will be subject to the risks described above.
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counterparty
risk: the risk that the Fund will be subject to credit risk
with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts and other
instruments entered into by the Fund; that the Fund’s counterparty will be
unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; that the Fund will be
unable to enforce contractual remedies if its counterparty defaults; that
if a counterparty (or an affiliate of a counterparty) becomes bankrupt,
the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery or
may obtain limited or no recovery in a bankruptcy or other insolvency
proceeding. To the extent that the Fund enters into multiple transactions
with a single or a small set of counterparties, it will be subject to
increased counterparty risk. |
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operational and
information security risks: an investment in the Fund, like
any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as
processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external
processes, failures in |
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systems
and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party
service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or
breaches could result in investment losses to the Fund, a loss of
information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any
of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund
seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may
still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.
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authorized
participant concentration risk:
as an ETF, the Fund issues and redeems shares on a continuous basis at NAV
only in a large specified number of shares called a “Creation Unit.” Only a limited number of
institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) are authorized
to purchase (or create) and redeem shares directly from the Fund. To the
extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed
with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no
other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem,
in either of these cases, Fund shares may trade at a discount to NAV and
possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.
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secondary
market trading risk: as an ETF, shares of the Fund trade on
an exchange, the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Fund faces numerous
market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for
Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high
volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption process. Any of
these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a
premium or discount to NAV. |
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absence of
active market: although the Fund’s shares are currently
listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an
active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by
market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not
obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In
periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants
may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active
market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading
at a premium or discount to NAV.
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early
close/trading halt/delisting risk: trading in Fund shares
may be halted due to market conditions or for other reasons that, in the
view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of the Fund inadvisable.
Additionally, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on
specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or
financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund
being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments.
In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio,
may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur
substantial trading losses. The Fund must satisfy various standards
established by the Exchange in order to ensure that Fund shares can
continue to be listed for trading. There can be no assurance that the
requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund
will continue to be met. |
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trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses: most Fund investors will buy
and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on another secondary market. When
buying or selling shares of the Fund, investors typically will pay
brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by
that broker. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the
cost of the difference between the price that a buyer is willing to pay
for shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which a seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”
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fund shares may
be sold short: shares of the Fund, similar to shares of
other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are
therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases
associated with short selling activity.
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fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV: shares of the Fund trade on
the Exchange at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The
NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and
fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The
trading price of the Fund’s shares fluctuates continuously throughout
trading hours in response to relative supply of and demand for Fund shares
on the Exchange and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings
or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s shares may deviate
significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility, including
during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market
conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S
SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. Disruptions to creations
and redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading
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market
for Fund shares may result in shares trading at a significant premium or
discount to NAV and/or in a reduced liquidity of a shareholder’s
investment. During such periods, shareholders may be unable to sell their
shares, may pay significantly more than NAV when buying Fund shares, or
may receive significantly less than NAV when selling Fund shares.
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active
management risk: the risk that the Fund will fail to meet
its investment objective and that the Fund’s investment performance will
depend, at least in part, on how its assets are allocated and reallocated
among asset classes, sectors, underlying funds and/or investments and that
such allocation will focus on asset classes, sectors, underlying funds,
and/or investments that perform poorly or underperform other asset
classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or available investments. Any
given investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results, and
the Fund’s portfolio may underperform other comparable funds because of
portfolio management decisions related to, among other things, the
selection of investments, portfolio construction, risk assessments, and/or
the outlook on market trends and opportunities.
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U.S. government
securities risk: the risk that debt securities issued or
guaranteed by certain U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities, and
sponsored enterprises are not supported by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. government, and so investments in their securities or obligations
issued by them involve credit risk greater than investments in other types
of U.S. government securities. |
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limited
operating history risk: the Fund has a limited
operating history for investors to evaluate. The Fund may not attract
sufficient assets to achieve or maximize investment and operational
efficiencies and remain viable. If the Fund fails to achieve sufficient
scale, it may be liquidated. |
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portfolio
turnover risk: the risk that frequent
purchases and sales of portfolio securities may result in higher Fund
expenses and may result in larger distributions of taxable capital gains
to investors as compared to a fund that trades less frequently.
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derivatives
risk: the risk that an investment in derivatives will not
perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may not be available at the time or
price desired, cannot be closed out at a favorable time or price, will
increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or will increase the Fund’s
volatility; that derivatives may create investment leverage; that, when a
derivative is used as a substitute for or alternative to a direct cash
investment, the transaction may not provide a return that corresponds
precisely or at all with that of the cash investment; that the positions
may be improperly executed or constructed; that the Fund’s counterparty
will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations; or that, when used
for hedging purposes, derivatives will not provide the anticipated
protection, causing the Fund to lose money on both the derivatives
transaction and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge.
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financial
services risk: the risk that an investment in issuers in the
financial services sector or transactions with one or more counterparties
in the financial services sector may be adversely affected by, among other
things: (i) changes in governmental regulation, which may limit both
the amounts and the types of loans and other financial commitments
financial services companies can make, the interest rates and fees they
can charge, the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and
the amount of capital they must maintain; (ii) fluctuations,
including as a result of interest rate changes or increased competition,
in the availability and cost of capital funds on which the profitability
of financial services companies is largely dependent;
(iii) deterioration of the credit markets; (iv) credit losses
resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers, especially when
financial services companies are exposed to non-diversified or
concentrated loan portfolios; (v) financial losses associated with
investment activities, especially when financial services companies are
exposed to financial leverage; (vi) the risk that any financial
services company experiences substantial declines in the valuations of its
assets, takes action to raise capital, or ceases operations;
(vii) the risk that a market shock or other unexpected market,
economic, political, regulatory, or other event might lead to a sudden
decline in the values of most or all companies in the financial services
sector; (viii) events leading to limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial
institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or
rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, leading to
market-wide liquidity problems; and (ix) the interconnectedness or
interdependence among financial services companies, including the risk
that the financial distress or failure of one financial services company
may materially and adversely affect a number of other financial services
companies. |
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leveraging
risk: the risk that certain investments by the Fund
involving leverage may have the effect of increasing the volatility of the
value of the Fund’s portfolio, and the risk of loss in excess of invested
capital. |
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non-diversification risk:
the risk that, because a relatively higher percentage of the Fund’s assets
may be invested in a limited number of issuers, the Fund may be more
susceptible to any single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence
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than
a diversified fund investing in a broader range of issuers. A decline in
the market value of one of the Fund’s investments may affect the Fund’s
value more than if the Fund were a diversified fund. However, the Fund
intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements for
qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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restricted
securities risk: the risk that the Fund may be prevented or
limited by law or the terms of an agreement from selling a security (a
“restricted security”). To the
extent that the Fund is permitted to sell a restricted security, there can
be no assurance that a trading market will exist at any particular time,
and the Fund may be unable to dispose of the security promptly at
reasonable prices or at all. The Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays
in effecting the registration. Also, restricted securities may be
difficult to value because market quotations may not be readily available,
and the values of restricted securities may have significant volatility.
|
• |
|
large
shareholder risk: the risk that certain account
holders, including the Adviser or funds or accounts over which the Adviser
(or related parties of the Adviser) has investment discretion, may from
time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s shares.
The Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of
all or a portion of their Fund shares, including as a result of an asset
allocation decision made by the Adviser (or related parties of the
Adviser), will adversely affect the Fund’s performance if it is forced to
sell portfolio securities or invest cash when the Adviser would not
otherwise choose to do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares may
affect the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s
transaction costs, and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or
gains to shareholders. Shareholder redemptions can only be effected in
Creation Units. |
• |
|
investment
company and exchange-traded fund risk: the risk that an
investment company or other pooled investment vehicle, including any ETFs
or money market funds, in which the Fund invests will not achieve its
investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively or
that significant purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such
an investment company might negatively affect the value of its shares. The
Fund must pay its pro rata portion of an investment company’s fees and
expenses. To the extent the Adviser determines to invest Fund assets in
other investment companies, the Adviser will have an incentive to invest
in other investment vehicles sponsored or advised by the Adviser or a
related party of the Adviser over investment companies sponsored or
managed by others and to maintain such investments once made due to its
own financial interest in those products and other business
considerations. |
Please
see “Additional Information About Principal Investment Strategies and Principal
Risks — Principal Risks” for a more detailed description of the principal risks
of investing in the Fund.
Performance
Performance information for the Fund is not
included because the Fund has not had one full calendar year of
performance. Financial information for the Fund for the fiscal
year ended September 30, 2023 is available in the Financial Highlights
section of the Prospectus. Information on the Fund’s investment results,
including its NAV per share, can be obtained at no charge by calling
(855) 937-0772 or by
visiting the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com.
Investment
Adviser
DoubleLine
ETF Adviser LP is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio
Managers
The
portfolio managers for the Fund are:
|
|
|
| |
Name |
|
Experience
with
the
Fund |
|
Primary Title with the
Investment
Adviser |
Jeffrey E. Gundlach |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Vitaliy Liberman |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Ken
Shinoda |
|
Since
the Fund’s inception in 2023 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
-28-
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Individual
Fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker
or dealer at a market price. Because ETF shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference
between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the
Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the
Fund (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market
(the “bid/ask spread”).
Information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts,
and bid/ask spreads, will be available on the Fund’s website at
www.doubleline.com.
Tax
Information
The
Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income or capital
gains, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement,
such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. If you invest through
such tax-advantaged arrangements, you may be taxed later upon
withdrawal from those arrangements.
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser, and the Fund’s
distributor or any of their affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for
the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a
conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary and your
salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual
salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
-29-
Fund
Summary
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF (CAPE)
Investment
Objective
The
Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return which exceeds the total
return of the S&P 500® Index.
Fees
and Expenses of the Fund
This
table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement between DoubleLine ETF
Trust and DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s adviser provides that the
Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees,
interest expenses, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes,
expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio
securities and the execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage
commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liabilities,
distribution fees or expenses, and any extraordinary expenses (such as
litigation). You may pay other fees, such as
brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not
reflected in the fee table or example below.
|
| |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from
your investment) |
|
None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
|
|
|
| |
Management Fees |
|
|
0.65% |
|
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1)
Fees |
|
|
None |
|
Other Expenses |
|
|
0.00% |
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
|
|
0.65% |
|
Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds.
This
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then sell all your shares at the end of those periods. The example
also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s
operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or
lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
|
| |
1 Year |
|
$66 |
3 Years |
|
$208 |
5 Years |
|
$362 |
10 Years |
|
$810 |
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund incurs transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio
turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher
taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not
reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover
rate was 217% of the average value of its
portfolio.
Principal
Investment Strategies
Under
normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in U.S.
equity securities, including exchange-traded investment companies that provide
exposure to U.S. equity securities, subject to the limitations described below.
This investment policy may be changed by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written
notice to shareholders. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests its
assets in securities that are listed on a national securities exchange
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and that trade contemporaneously with
the Fund’s shares. The Fund may invest in equity securities of companies of any
market capitalization other than penny stocks.
-30-
An
issuer is considered to be a U.S. equity issuer if: (i) its principal place
of business is located in the United States; (ii) at least 50% of its
assets are located in the United States and/or (iii) it derives at least
50% of its revenues from the United States.
The Shiller Barclays CAPE® US Sector TR USD Index.
In seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, when making
investment decisions for the Fund, the Adviser considers the underlying constituents of the
Shiller Barclays CAPE® US
Sector TR USD Index (the “Index”), but
the Fund is not limited in its ability to invest in companies other than those
underlying the Index. The Index incorporates the principles of long-term
investing distilled by Dr. Robert Shiller and expressed through the
CAPE® (Cyclically
Adjusted Price Earnings) ratio (the “CAPE® Ratio”). The classic
CAPE® Ratio assesses
equity market valuations and averages ten years of inflation-adjusted earnings
to account for earnings and market cycles. By contrast, traditional valuation
measures, such as the price-earnings (PE) ratio, typically rely on earnings
information from only the past year. The Index uses a relative version of the
classic CAPE® Ratio to
identify undervalued sectors while also seeking to exclude a sector that may
appear undervalued, but which may have also had recent relative price
underperformance due to fundamental issues with the sector that may negatively
affect the sector’s long-term total return. There can be no assurance that the
Index will provide a better measure of value than more traditional measures,
over any period or over the long term.
The
Index’s composition is determined monthly. Each month, the Index’s methodology
ranks eleven US sectors based on a modified CAPE® Ratio (a “value” factor) and
a twelve-month price momentum factor (a “momentum” factor). Each US sector is
represented by a sector ETF that tracks a sector index, which is an ETF in the
family of Select Sector SPDR Funds or, in the case of the real estate sector,
the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. The Index methodology selects
the five US sectors with the lowest modified CAPE® Ratio — the sectors that are
the most undervalued according to the CAPE® Ratio. Only four of these
five sectors, however, end up in the Index for a given month, as the sector with
the worst 12-month price momentum (“total
return”) among the five selected sectors is eliminated. The Index
methodology allocates an equally weighted long (i.e., investment) exposure to
the four remaining US sectors. As of the date of this Prospectus, the eleven
sectors that may be selected by the Index methodology include Communication
Services, Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Energy, Financials, Health
Care, Industrials, Materials, Technology, Utilities and Real Estate. The Select
Sector SPDR Funds are typically comprised of issuers represented in the S&P
500® Index. The Index is
rebalanced on a monthly basis.
Through
the Fund’s investments related to the Index, the Fund will have focused
exposures to the sectors making up the Index at any given time. As a result, the
Fund’s net asset value may be affected to a greater degree by factors affecting
those sectors or industries than a fund that invests more broadly. Because the
Fund is actively managed, the Adviser has the discretion to invest in securities
not included in the Index and may over or underweight a particular sector as it
deems appropriate in seeking the Fund’s investment objective.
The
Adviser will seek investment exposure to the sectors comprising the Index by
investing directly in some or all of the securities that are included in those
sectors. Although the Fund seeks to create an investment return that
approximates that of the Index and the Fund will, at all times during normal
market conditions, have investment exposure to issuers underlying the Index, the
Fund does not seek to track or replicate the Index. The Adviser or the Fund’s
Board may in their sole discretion, after providing any required notice to
shareholders, select, in place of the Index, another index (such as the S&P
500® Index) or a basket
of reference investments. The Fund may gain exposure to any substitute index or
basket of investments in any manner the Adviser determines appropriate,
including those described above with respect to how the Fund may obtain exposure
to the Index.
Subject
to the applicable limitations described below, the Fund may pursue its
investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of the asset classes
described above by investing in other exchange-traded investment companies,
including listed closed-end investment companies, ETFs and government money
market funds, in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities or when the individual security has reached the
portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may involve
active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund operates in reliance on an exemptive order from the SEC (the “Order”), which limits the types of investments
the Fund may hold to those listed in the Fund’s application for the Order. Under
the terms of the Order, the Fund is permitted to invest only in exchange-traded
funds, exchange-traded notes, exchange listed common stocks, exchange-traded
preferred stocks, exchange-traded American Depositary Receipts, exchange-traded real estate investment
trusts, exchange-traded commodity pools, exchange-traded metal trusts,
exchange-traded currency trusts and exchange-traded futures that trade on a U.S.
exchange contemporaneously with the Fund’s shares, as well as cash and cash
equivalents (which are short-term U.S.
-31-
Treasury
securities, government money market funds, and repurchase agreements). The Fund
will not buy securities that are illiquid investments (as defined in rule
22e-4(a)(8) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) at the time of purchase. The Fund
may, however, hold an illiquid investment if it becomes illiquid after purchase.
The Fund’s investment strategies and practices, including those listed above,
are subject to these limitations.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act and may invest in the securities of a smaller
number of issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
value of the Fund’s shares will vary as its portfolio investments increase or
decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go
down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund. The
significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Fund will vary over
time, depending on the composition of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions,
and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below
carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the
Fund.
The
principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
• |
|
equity issuer
risk: the risk that the market price of common stocks and
other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or
unpredictably, including due to factors affecting equity securities
markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or
the issuer itself. |
• |
|
market risk:
the risk that markets will perform poorly or that the
returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform
returns from the general securities markets or other types of investments.
Markets may, in response to governmental actions or intervention or
general market conditions, including real or perceived adverse political,
economic or market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation,
recession, changes in interest or currency rates, lack of liquidity in the
bond markets or adverse investor sentiment, or other external factors,
experience periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity. During those
periods, the Fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions,
which may only occur in Creation Units (as defined below). To satisfy such
redemptions, the Fund may have to sell securities at times when the Fund
would otherwise not do so, and potentially at unfavorable prices. Certain
securities may be difficult to value during such periods. Market risk
involves the risk that the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
change, potentially frequently and in large amounts, as the prices of its
investments go up or down. During periods of severe market stress, it is
possible that the market for some or all of the Fund’s investments may
become highly illiquid. Recently, there have been inflationary price
movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to
experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity
risk. Please see “debt securities risks – interest rate risk” herein for
more information. |
• |
|
market
capitalization risk: the risk that investing substantially
in issuers in one market capitalization category (large, medium or small)
may adversely affect the Fund because of unfavorable market conditions
particular to that category of issuers, such as larger, more established
companies being unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges or
attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, or,
conversely, stocks of smaller companies being more volatile than those of
larger companies due to, among other things, narrower product lines, more
limited financial resources, fewer experienced managers and there
typically being less publicly available information about small
capitalization companies. |
• |
|
securities or
sector selection risk: the risk that the securities held by
the Fund will underperform securities held in other funds investing in
similar asset classes or comparable benchmarks because of the portfolio
managers’ choice of securities or sectors for investment. To the extent
the Fund allocates a higher percentage of its investment portfolio to a
particular sector or related sectors, the Fund will be more susceptible to
events or factors affecting companies in that sector or related sectors.
For example, the values of securities of companies in the same or related
sectors may be negatively affected by the common characteristics they
share, the common business risks to which they are subject, common
regulatory burdens, or regulatory changes that affect them similarly. Such
characteristics, risks, burdens or changes include, but are not limited
to, changes in governmental regulation, inflation or deflation, rising or
falling interest rates, competition from new entrants, and other economic,
market, political or other developments specific to that sector or related
sectors. |
• |
|
ActiveShares® non-transparent
structure/ETF-related risks:
the Fund is an ETF that is subject to the risks described below.
Additionally, because the ETF utilizes the ActiveShares® non-transparent ETF
structure, it is subject to additional or enhanced ETF-related risks.
Unlike most actively managed ETFs, the Fund does not provide daily
disclosure of its |
-32-
|
portfolio
holdings. Instead, the Fund provides a verified intraday indicative value
(“VIIV”), calculated and
disseminated every second throughout the trading day. The VIIV is intended
to provide investors with an intraday highly-correlated per share value of
the Fund that can be compared to the current market price. The VIIV is
designed to provide sufficient information to allow for an effective
arbitrage mechanism that will keep the market price of the Fund’s shares
trading at or close to the underlying net asset value (“NAV”) per share of the Fund. Shares
traded on an intraday basis on an exchange, however, will not have a fixed
relationship to the previous day’s or the current day’s NAV. There is,
however, a risk, which may increase during periods of market disruption or
volatility, that market prices will vary significantly from the underlying
NAV of the Fund. Similarly, because the Fund’s shares trade with reference
to a published VIIV, they may trade at a wider bid/ask spread when
compared to shares of ETFs that publish their portfolios on a daily basis,
especially during periods of market disruption or volatility, and
therefore, may cost investors more to trade. Although the Fund seeks to
benefit from keeping its portfolio information secret, some market
participants may attempt to use information, including the VIIV, to
identify the Fund’s trading strategy and the securities held by the Fund,
which if successful, could result in such market participants engaging in
certain predatory trading practices that may have the potential to harm
the Fund and its shareholders. In the event of a system failure or other
interruption, including disruptions involving a limited number of
institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”), unaffiliated
broker-dealers with which such Authorized Participant has signed an
agreement to establish a confidential account for the benefit of such
Authorized Participant (an “AP
Representative”), or market makers, orders to create or redeem
Creation Units (as defined below) either may not be executed according to
an Authorized Participant’s instructions or may not be executed at all, or
an Authorized Participant may not be able to place or change orders. If
such an event were to occur, the Fund’s shares may trade in the secondary
market at a greater premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV, and investors
may pay a greater bid/ask spread to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. In
addition to risks related to operation of ETFs, the use of this structure
exposes the Fund and Fund shareholders to additional risks.
|
|
¡ |
|
Authorized
Participant and AP Representative concentration risk:
As an ETF, the Fund issues and redeems shares on a continuous basis at NAV
only in a large specified number of shares called a “Creation Unit.” Only Authorized
Participants are authorized to purchase (or create) and redeem shares
directly from the Fund. Each of the Fund’s Authorized Participants will
engage in all creation and redemption activity through an AP
Representative. The AP Representative will deliver or receive, on behalf
of the Authorized Participant, all consideration to or from the Fund in a
creation or redemption. AP Representatives have knowledge of the
composition of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, and are restricted from
disclosing such composition, including to the Authorized Participants. As
a result of the Fund’s use of the ActiveShares® structure for
non-transparent ETFs, there may be a more limited number of institutions
that are willing to act as Authorized Participants or as AP
Representatives. During times of market stress, Authorized Participants
may be more likely to step away from a non-transparent ETF than a
traditional ETF. To the extent these institutions exit the business or are
unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to
the Fund, or are unavailable to purchase and sell securities in connection
with creation and/or redemption orders, as applicable, and no other
Authorized Participant or AP Representative agrees to create or redeem, or
purchase or sell securities, as applicable, the arbitrage mechanism for
keeping the market price of Fund shares trading at or close to the Fund’s
per share NAV may be impaired, and Fund shares may trade at a premium or
discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. These
risks may be more pronounced in volatile markets, particularly where there
are significant redemptions in ETFs generally.
|
|
¡ |
|
secondary
market trading risk:
as an ETF, shares of the Fund trade on an exchange, the NYSE Arca,
Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Fund
faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an
active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets,
periods of high volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption
process. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares
trading at a premium or discount to NAV.
|
|
• |
|
absence of an
active market: although the Fund’s shares are
currently listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance
that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be
maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized
Participants are not obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders
for Creation Units. In periods of market volatility, market makers and/or
Authorized Participants may be less willing to transact in Fund shares.
The absence of an active market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to
the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.
|
|
• |
|
early
close/trading halt/delisting risk:
trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for other
reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of the
Fund inadvisable. Additionally, an exchange or market may close or issue
trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell
certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may
result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or
financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to
rebalance its |
-33-
|
portfolio,
may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur
substantial trading losses. If at any time securities representing 10% or
more of the Fund’s portfolio become subject to a trading halt or otherwise
do not have readily available market quotations, the Fund will request
that the Exchange halt trading of the Fund’s shares. Further, if there is
a discrepancy of sufficient magnitude between the value of the Fund’s
portfolio securities as calculated by the Fund’s two calculation engines
for VIIV purposes, the Exchange will have the ability to halt trading of
the Fund’s shares. During such trading halts, although the primary VIIV
would continue to be calculated and disseminated, investors in the Fund’s
shares will not be able to freely trade their shares. Additionally, the
Fund must satisfy various other standards established by the Exchange in
order to ensure that Fund shares can continue to be listed for trading.
There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary
to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met.
|
|
• |
|
trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses:
most Fund investors will buy and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on
another secondary market. When buying or selling shares of the Fund,
investors typically will pay brokerage commissions or other charges
imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. In addition, secondary
market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the
price that a buyer is willing to pay for shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which a
seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
be sold short: Shares of the Fund, similar to
shares of other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and
are therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price
decreases associated with short selling activity.
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV:
shares of the Fund trade on the Exchange at prices at, above or below the
Fund’s most recent NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of
each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the
Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate, in
some cases materially, throughout trading hours in response to changes in
the Fund’s VIIV, the relative supply of and demand for Fund shares on the
Exchange and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or NAV.
As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s shares may deviate
significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility, including
during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market
conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S
SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. This risk may be greater
for the Fund than for traditional ETFs that disclose their full portfolio
holdings on a daily basis. Disruptions to creations and redemptions, the
existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active
trading market for Fund shares may result in shares trading at a
significant premium or discount to NAV and/or in a reduced liquidity of a
shareholder’s investment. During such periods, shareholders may be unable
to sell their shares, may pay significantly more than NAV when buying Fund
shares, or may receive significantly less than NAV when selling Fund
shares. |
|
¡ |
|
portfolio
security trading risk: an exchange or market may close
or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or
sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which
may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain portfolio
securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may
be unable to engage in Fund portfolio transactions to rebalance its
portfolio, may be unable to have its investments accurately priced for
purposes of determining its VIIV, and may have difficulty calculating its
NAV. These events may result in losses to shareholders. Any extended
trading halt in a portfolio security may exacerbate discrepancies between
the VIIV and the underlying NAV of the Fund. If a portfolio security does
not have readily available market quotations, e.g., if subject to an
extended trading halt, that fact, along with the identity and weighting of
that security in the Fund’s VIIV calculation, will be publicly disclosed
on the Fund’s website. Trading halts of portfolio securities may have a
greater impact on the Fund, as compared with traditional ETFs, due to less
frequent dissemination of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
|
• |
|
operational and
information security risks: an investment in the Fund, like
any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as
processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external
processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and
errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of
these failures, errors or breaches could result in investment losses to
the Fund, a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage
or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the
Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and
oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the
Fund. |
• |
|
active
management risk: the risk that the Fund will fail to meet
its investment objective and that the Fund’s investment performance will
depend, at least in part, on how its assets are allocated and reallocated
among asset classes, sectors, |
-34-
|
underlying
funds and/or investments and that such allocation will focus on asset
classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or investments that perform poorly
or underperform other asset classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or
available investments. Any given investment strategy may fail to produce
the intended results, and the Fund’s portfolio may underperform other
comparable funds because of portfolio management decisions related to,
among other things, the selection of investments, portfolio construction,
risk assessments, and/or the outlook on market trends and opportunities.
|
• |
|
portfolio
turnover risk: the risk that frequent
purchases and sales of portfolio securities may result in higher Fund
expenses and may result in larger distributions of taxable capital gains
to investors as compared to a fund that trades less frequently.
|
• |
|
index
risk: although the Adviser has
licensed from the Index’s sponsor the right to use the Index as part of
implementing the Fund’s principal investment strategies, there can be no
guarantee that the Index will be maintained indefinitely or that the Fund
will be able to continue to utilize the Index to implement the Fund’s
principal investment strategies indefinitely. If the sponsor of the Index
ceases to maintain the Index, the Fund no longer has the ability to
utilize the Index to implement its principal investment strategies, or
other circumstances exist that the Adviser or the Fund’s Board of Trustees
concludes substantially limit the Fund’s ability to create cost-effective
synthetic investment exposure to the Index, the Adviser or the Fund’s
Board of Trustees may substitute the Index with another index that it
chooses in its sole discretion. There can be no assurance that any
substitute index so selected will be similar to the Index or will perform
in a manner similar to the Index. Unavailability of the Index could affect
adversely the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
|
• |
|
liquidity
risk: the risk that the Fund may be
unable to sell a portfolio investment at a desirable time or at the value
the Fund has placed on the investment. Illiquidity may be the result of,
for example, low trading volume, lack of a market maker, or contractual or
legal restrictions that limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities
or closing derivative positions. During periods of substantial market
disruption, a large portion of the Fund’s assets could potentially
experience significant levels of illiquidity. The values of illiquid
investments are often more volatile than the values of more liquid
investments. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine a fair
value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable
investment. |
• |
|
valuation
risk: the risk that the Fund will not value its investments
in a manner that accurately reflects their market values or that the Fund
will not be able to sell any investment at a price equal to the valuation
ascribed to that investment for purposes of calculating the Fund’s net
asset value (“NAV”). The valuation
of the Fund’s investments involves subjective judgment. Certain securities
in which the Fund may invest may be more difficult to value accurately,
especially during periods of market disruptions or extreme market
volatility. Incorrect valuations of the Fund’s portfolio holdings could
result in the Fund’s shareholder transactions being effected at an NAV
that does not accurately reflect the underlying value of the Fund’s
portfolio, resulting in the dilution of shareholder interests.
|
• |
|
financial
services risk: the risk that an investment in issuers in the
financial services sector or transactions with one or more counterparties
in the financial services sector may be adversely affected by, among other
things: (i) changes in governmental regulation, which may limit both
the amounts and the types of loans and other financial commitments
financial services companies can make, the interest rates and fees they
can charge, the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and
the amount of capital they must maintain; (ii) fluctuations,
including as a result of interest rate changes or increased competition,
in the availability and cost of capital funds on which the profitability
of financial services companies is largely dependent;
(iii) deterioration of the credit markets; (iv) credit losses
resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers, especially when
financial services companies are exposed to non-diversified or
concentrated loan portfolios; (v) financial losses associated with
investment activities, especially when financial services companies are
exposed to financial leverage; (vi) the risk that any financial
services company experiences substantial declines in the valuations of its
assets, takes action to raise capital, or ceases operations;
(vii) the risk that a market shock or other unexpected market,
economic, political, regulatory, or other event might lead to a sudden
decline in the values of most or all companies in the financial services
sector; (viii) events leading to limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial
institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or
rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, leading to
market-wide liquidity problems; and (ix) the interconnectedness or
interdependence among financial services companies, including the risk
that the financial distress or failure of one financial services company
may materially and adversely affect a number of other financial services
companies. |
• |
|
real estate
sector risk: the risk that real estate-related investments
may decline in value as a result of factors affecting the real estate
sector, such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in
zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate
values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local,
regional, and general market conditions.
|
-35-
• |
|
limited
operating history risk: the Fund has a limited
operating history for investors to evaluate. The Fund may not attract
sufficient assets to achieve or maximize investment and operational
efficiencies and remain viable. If the Fund fails to achieve sufficient
scale, it may be liquidated. |
• |
|
non-diversification risk:
the risk that, because a relatively higher percentage of the Fund’s assets
may be invested in a limited number of issuers, the Fund may be more
susceptible to any single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence
than a diversified fund investing in a broader range of issuers. A decline
in the market value of one of the Fund’s investments may affect the Fund’s
value more than if the Fund were a diversified fund. However, the Fund
intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements for
qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
|
• |
|
large
shareholder risk: the risk that certain account
holders, including the Adviser or funds or accounts over which the Adviser
(or related parties of the Adviser) has investment discretion, may from
time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s shares.
The Fund is subject to the risk that a redemption by those shareholders of
all or a portion of their Fund shares, including as a result of an asset
allocation decision made by the Adviser (or related parties of the
Adviser), will adversely affect the Fund’s performance if it is forced to
sell portfolio securities or invest cash when the Adviser would not
otherwise choose to do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares may
affect the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s
transaction costs, and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or
gains to shareholders. Shareholder redemptions can only be effected in
Creation units of the Fund.
|
• |
|
investment
company and exchange-traded fund risk: the risk that an
investment company or other pooled investment vehicle, including any ETFs
or money market funds, in which the Fund invests will not achieve its
investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively or
that significant purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such
an investment company might negatively affect the value of its shares. The
Fund must pay its pro rata portion of an investment company’s fees and
expenses. To the extent the Adviser determines to invest Fund assets in
other investment companies, the Adviser will have an incentive to invest
in other investment vehicles sponsored or advised by the Adviser or a
related party of the Adviser over investment companies sponsored or
managed by others and to maintain such investments once made due to its
own financial interest in those products and other business
considerations. |
Please
see “Additional Information About Principal Investment Strategies and Principal
Risks — Principal Risks” for a more detailed description of the principal risks
of investing in the Fund.
Performance
The
following performance information provides some indication of the risks of
investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s shares
for each full calendar year since the Fund’s inception. The table below
shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund’s shares for the periods
shown compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
The
Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an
indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated
information on the Fund’s investment results can be obtained at no charge by
calling (855)
937-0772 or by visiting the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com.
-36-
During
the periods shown above, the highest and lowest quarterly returns earned by the
Fund’s shares were:
|
|
|
| |
Highest: |
|
12.54% |
|
Quarter
ended: 12/31/2023 |
Lowest: |
|
-2.88% |
|
Quarter
ended: 9/30/2023 |
The
year-to-date total return for
the Fund as of December 31, 2023
was 27.73%.
Average
Annual Total Returns (for the periods ended December 31, 2023)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
One Year |
|
|
Since Inception (March 31, 2022) |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
27.73% |
|
|
|
4.49% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
27.39% |
|
|
|
4.18% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares |
|
|
16.60% |
|
|
|
3.36% |
|
S&P
500® Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or
taxes) |
|
|
26.29% |
|
|
|
4.71% |
|
The Fund’s after-tax returns as
shown in the above table are calculated using the historical highest applicable
individual federal marginal income tax rates for the period and do not reflect
the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns
depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown. If you own shares
of the Fund in a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual
retirement account, after-tax returns shown are not relevant to your
investment. The “Return After Taxes on
Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than other return figures
because when a capital loss occurs upon the redemption of shares of the Fund, a
tax deduction is provided that may benefit the investor. The
S&P 500® Index is an
unmanaged capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks designed to measure
performance of the broad domestic economy through changes in the aggregate
market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries. It is not possible
to invest directly in an index.
Investment
Adviser
DoubleLine
ETF Adviser LP is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio
Managers
The
portfolio managers for the Fund are:
|
|
|
| |
Name |
|
Experience
with
the
Fund |
|
Primary Title with the
Investment
Adviser |
Jeffrey E. Gundlach |
|
Since the Fund’s
inception in 2022 |
|
Portfolio
Manager |
Jeffrey
J. Sherman |
|
Since
the Fund’s inception in 2022 |
|
President
& Portfolio Manager |
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Individual
Fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker
or dealer at a market price. Because ETF shares trade at market prices rather
than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than
NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference
between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the
Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the
Fund (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market
(the “bid/ask spread”). Information on the Fund’s
NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is
available on the Fund’s website at www.doubleline.com. The Fund’s website also
contains information regarding how to access the Fund’s VIIV.
Tax
Information
The
Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, qualified
dividend income or capital gains, unless you are investing through
a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual
retirement account. If you invest through
such tax-advantaged arrangements, you may be taxed later upon
withdrawal from those arrangements.
-37-
Payments
to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser, and the Fund’s
distributor or any of their affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for
the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a
conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary and your
salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual
salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
-38-
Additional
Information About
Principal
Investment Strategies and Principal Risks
Investment
Objectives
Each
Fund’s investment objective described in its respective Fund Summary section is
non-fundamental, which means each Fund may change its investment objective
without shareholder approval or prior notice.
Principal
Investment Strategies
References
to the “Adviser” below in the discussion of a Fund’s principal investment
strategies or principal risks shall refer to such Fund’s investment adviser,
which is DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP.
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF
The
Fund is an exchange-traded fund (an “ETF”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund
intends to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any
borrowings for investment purposes, in fixed income instruments or other
investments with economic characteristics similar to fixed income instruments.
These investments include securities issued or guaranteed by the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations; corporate
obligations; agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities of any kind,
including commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities; asset-backed
securities; securitized investments such as collateralized debt obligations
(“CDOs”), including collateralized loan
obligations (“CLOs”); inflation indexed
bonds; covenant-lite loans; foreign fixed income securities (corporate and
government, including foreign hybrid securities); emerging market fixed income
securities (corporate and government); fixed income securities offered through
private placements; and fixed and floating rate debt instruments of any kind
(including, among others, bank loans, assignments, participations, subordinated
loans, debtor-in-possession loans, exit facilities, delayed funding loans and
revolving credit facilities). The Fund’s investments may be issued in any
currency and may bear fixed or variable interest rates of any maturity. The
market value of derivatives that have economic characteristics similar to the
investments included in the Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for
purposes of such policy. When determining compliance with its 80% investment
policy, the Fund will consider the underlying investments of any investment
companies in which it invests, to the extent practicable. If the Fund changes
its 80% investment policy, it will notify shareholders at least 60 days in
advance of the change.
Debtor-in-possession
loans represent an interest in a senior loan extended to companies that have
filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy so that they can continue to do business.
Debtor-in-possession loans may be “rolled” into exit facilities, which are debt
investments that provide financing to companies to allow them to emerge from
bankruptcy. Exit facilities may be secured by a senior loan, in which the Fund
may invest. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowing
arrangements in which the lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount
upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. A revolving credit facility
differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrower repays the loan, an
amount equal to the repayment may be borrowed again during the term of the
revolving credit facility.
The
Fund may invest in fixed income instruments of any credit quality, including
those that are at the time of investment unrated or rated BB+ or lower by
S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Ba1
or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or the equivalent by any other
nationally recognized statistical rating organization. Corporate bonds and
certain other fixed income instruments rated below investment grade, or such
instruments that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable
quality, are high yield, high risk bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds”. The
Fund may invest up to 50% of its net assets in junk bonds, bank loans and
assignments rated below investment grade or unrated but determined by the
Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Adviser does not consider the term
“junk bonds” to include any mortgage-backed securities or any other asset-backed
securities, regardless of their credit rating or credit quality. The Fund may
invest without limit in below investment grade mortgage-backed securities and
other asset-backed securities.
The
Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in defaulted corporate securities.
The Fund might do so, for example, where the portfolio managers believe the
restructured enterprise valuations or liquidation valuations may exceed current
market values. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in inverse floaters
and interest-only and principal-only securities.
The
Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in fixed income instruments
(including hybrid securities) issued or guaranteed by companies, financial
institutions and government entities in emerging market countries. A hybrid
security is a security that combines two or more securities that are comprised
of two components: an income-producing debt security and the right to receive
payment based on the change in the price of an equity security. An “emerging
market country” is a country that, at the time the Fund invests in the related
fixed income instruments, is classified as an emerging or developing economy by
any supranational organization such as an institution in the World Bank Group or
the United Nations, or an agency thereof, or is considered an emerging market
country for purposes of constructing a major emerging market securities index.
-39-
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other investment companies,
including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs, in each
case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations.
In
managing the Fund’s portfolio, the portfolio managers typically use a controlled
risk approach. The techniques of this approach attempt to control the principal
risk components of the fixed income markets and may include, among other
factors, consideration of the Adviser’s view of the following: the potential
relative performance of various market sectors, security selection available
within a given sector, the risk/reward equation for different asset classes,
liquidity conditions in various market sectors, the shape of the yield curve and
projections for changes in the yield curve, potential fluctuations in the
overall level of interest rates, and current fiscal policy.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to
assess and, in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk.
In managing the Fund’s investments, under normal market conditions, the
portfolio managers intend to seek to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration of no less than two years and no more
than eight years. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income
instrument that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to
changes in interest rates. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s
portfolio duration adjusted for the anticipated effect of interest rate changes
on bond and mortgage prepayment rates as determined by the Adviser. The
effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially from
its target range, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the
effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio will always be within its
target range.
The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, exposure to one or more
asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect or create investment leverage,
the Fund typically will use derivatives transactions. The Fund may use futures
contracts and options on futures contracts, in order to gain efficient
investment exposures as an alternative to cash investments or to hedge against
portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps, to gain indirect exposures to interest
rates, issuers, or currencies, or to hedge against portfolio exposures; put and
call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to take indirect
positions on indexes, securities, currencies, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
Additionally,
the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or
forward commitment basis, including United States agency mortgage-backed
securities that forward-settle (e.g., “To Be
Announced” Securities). The Fund may seek to obtain market exposure to
the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of
purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy
backs or dollar rolls), which may create investment leverage.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and
may invest in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified
fund.
Principal
Risks
The
Fund’s principal risks are listed below. The significance of any specific risk
to an investment in the Fund will vary over time, depending on the composition
of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read
all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more
of these risks may result in losses to the Fund.
-40-
It is possible to lose money on an investment in the
Fund. Among the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could
adversely affect its NAV, yield, and total return are the following:
• |
|
Asset-Backed Securities
Investment Risk |
• |
|
Collateralized Debt
Obligations Risk |
• |
|
Defaulted Securities
Risk |
• |
|
Emerging Market Country
Risk |
• |
|
Financial Services Risk
|
• |
|
Inflation-Indexed Bond
Risk |
• |
|
Investment Company and
Exchange-Traded Fund Risk |
• |
|
Limited Operating
History Risk |
• |
|
Mortgage-Backed
Securities Risk |
• |
|
Non-Diversification Risk
|
• |
|
Operational and
Information Security Risk |
• |
|
Portfolio Turnover Risk
|
• |
|
Real Estate Sector Risk
|
• |
|
Restricted Securities
Risk |
• |
|
Securities or Sector
Selection Risk |
• |
|
Structured Products and
Structured Notes Risk |
• |
|
U.S. Government
Securities Risk |
Please
see the section titled “Principal Risks” below for more information regarding
these risks.
DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will
invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for
investment purposes, in commercial real estate instruments or other investments
with economic characteristics similar to commercial real estate instruments,
such as derivative instruments (including credit default swaps). These
investments include agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities,
commercial real estate CLOs, REMICs and Re-REMICs, and single asset, single
borrower loans.
The
Fund may also invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, as well
as cash and cash equivalents.
The
Fund’s investments may bear fixed or variable interest rates of any maturity.
The market value of derivatives that have economic characteristics similar to
the investments included in the Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for
purposes of such policy. If the Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will
notify shareholders at least 60 days in advance of the change.
The
Fund expects to invest primarily in instruments rated, at the time of purchase,
A- to AAA by S&P or the equivalent by any other nationally recognized
statistical rating organization.
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other registered investment
companies, including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs,
in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations. When determining compliance with its 80% investment policy, the
Fund will consider the underlying investments of any investment companies in
which it invests, to the extent practicable.
In
managing the Fund’s portfolio, the portfolio managers typically use a controlled
risk approach. The techniques of this approach attempt to control the principal
risk components of the fixed income markets and may include, among other
factors, consideration of the Adviser’s view of the following: the potential
relative performance of various market sectors, security selection available
within a given sector, the risk/reward equation for different asset classes,
liquidity conditions in various market sectors, the shape of the yield curve and
projections for changes in the yield curve, potential fluctuations in the
overall level of interest rates, and current fiscal policy.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to
assess and, in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk.
In managing the Fund’s investments, under normal market conditions, the
portfolio managers intend to seek to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration of three years or less. Duration is a
measure of the expected life of a fixed income instrument that is used to
determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates.
Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for
the anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage prepayment
rates as determined by the Adviser. The effective duration of
-41-
the
Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially from time to time, and there is
no assurance that the effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio will
not exceed three years at any time. The Fund may invest in individual securities
of any maturity or duration.
The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes or otherwise to gain, or reduce, exposure to one or more
asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect or create investment leverage,
the Fund typically will use derivatives transactions. The Fund may use futures
contracts and options on futures contracts, in order to gain efficient
investment exposures as an alternative to cash investments or to hedge against
portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps, to gain indirect exposures to interest
rates, issuers, or currencies, or to hedge against portfolio exposures; put and
call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to take indirect
positions on indexes, securities, currencies, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act and may invest
in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
Fund’s principal risks are listed below. The significance of any specific risk
to an investment in the Fund will vary over time, depending on the composition
of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read
all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more
of these risks may result in losses to the Fund.
It is possible to lose money on an investment in the
Fund. Among the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could
adversely affect its NAV, yield, and total return are the following:
• |
|
Collateralized Debt
Obligations Risk |
• |
|
Financial Services Risk
|
• |
|
Investment Company and
Exchange-Traded Fund Risk |
• |
|
Limited Operating
History Risk |
• |
|
Mortgage-Backed
Securities Risk |
• |
|
Non-Diversification Risk
|
• |
|
Operational and
Information Security Risk |
• |
|
Portfolio Turnover Risk
|
• |
|
Real Estate Sector Risk
|
• |
|
Restricted Securities
Risk |
• |
|
Securities or Sector
Selection Risk |
• |
|
Structured Products and
Structured Notes Risk |
• |
|
U.S. Government
Securities Risk |
Please
see the section titled “Principal Risks” below for more information regarding
these risks.
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will
invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for
investment purposes) in residential mortgage-backed securities and other
residential mortgage-related securities (together, “Residential Mortgage Securities”) deemed to be
rated investment grade at the time of purchase. Residential Mortgage Securities
in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation: residential
mortgage-related securities of any maturity or type, including those guaranteed
by, or secured by collateral that is guaranteed by, the United States
Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored corporations, and
privately issued mortgage-backed securities; pass-through securities, including
government, private, and multiclass pass-through securities; stripped mortgage
securities (interest-only and principal-only securities); mortgage servicing
rights; single-family rental-related securities; collateralized mortgage
obligations (“CMOs”); REMICS and
Re-REMICs; loan participations and similar instruments; credit risk transfer
securities that, while not backed by mortgage loans, have credit exposure to a
pool of mortgage loans acquired by the government-sponsored entity or private
entity issuing the securities; instruments backed by collateral such as
performing, non-performing (i.e., loans currently delinquent or in default)
and/or re-performing loans (i.e., loans previously, but no longer, delinquent or
in default), qualified and non-qualified mortgage loans; and mortgage-related
derivatives such as inverse floaters (instruments whose coupon rate is inversely
related to the reference rate), inverse interest-only securities and repurchase
agreements. The Fund’s investments may bear fixed or variable interest rates of
any maturity. The market value of
-42-
derivatives
that have economic characteristics similar to the investments included in the
Fund’s 80% investment policy will be counted for purposes of such policy. If the
Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will notify shareholders at least 60
days in advance of the change.
The
Adviser expects normally to invest at least 50% of its net assets (plus the
amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in Residential Mortgage
Securities issued and guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies,
instrumentalities or sponsored corporations such as the Government National
Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the
Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie
Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”).
Although
under normal circumstances the Fund intends to invest primarily in Residential
Mortgage Securities deemed to be rated investment grade (i.e., securities rated
Baa3/BBB- or higher) at the time of purchase, the Fund may also invest in
certain other fixed-income securities as contemplated herein, including
derivatives, U.S. government securities, and other cash and cash-equivalents.
The
Fund may pursue its investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of
the asset classes described above by investing in other registered investment
companies, including other open-end or closed-end investment companies and ETFs,
in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund. The amount of the Fund’s
investment in certain investment companies may be limited by law or by tax
considerations. When determining compliance with its 80% investment policy, the
Fund will consider the underlying investments of any investment companies in
which it invests, to the extent practicable.
In
selecting among available Residential Mortgage Securities, the Fund expects to
consider, among other things, available yield, duration characteristics,
collateral quality, level of correlation to other risk assets, supply/demand
technicals, and sponsor quality. The Fund may invest in any level of the capital
structure of an issuer, including subordinated or residual tranches and the
equity or “first loss” tranche.
The
portfolio managers utilize active asset allocation in managing the Fund’s
investments and have significant latitude to invest across fixed income sectors
with varying weightings.
The
Adviser has broad discretion to manage the Fund’s portfolio duration; however,
the Adviser expects normally to construct an investment portfolio with a
dollar-weighted average effective duration within two years (plus or minus) of
that of its benchmark index, the Bloomberg U.S. Mortgage-Backed Securities
Index, which was approximately 6 years as of November 30, 2023. The Adviser
monitors the duration of the Fund’s portfolio securities to seek to assess and,
in its discretion, adjust the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Adviser
seeks to manage the Fund’s duration based on the Adviser’s view of, among other
things, future interest rates and market conditions. Duration is a measure of
the expected life of a fixed income instrument that is used to determine the
sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. Effective
duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for the
anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage prepayment
rates as determined by the Adviser. The Fund may invest in individual securities
of any maturity or duration. The effective duration of the Fund’s investment
portfolio may vary significantly from time to time and may be negative at
certain times, and there is no assurance that the effective duration of the
Fund’s investment portfolio will remain within the targeted range described
above.
The
Adviser may seek to manage the dollar-weighted average effective duration of the
Fund’s portfolio through the purchase and sale of securities of different
durations and through the use of derivatives and other instruments (including,
among others, inverse floaters, futures contracts, U.S. Treasury swaps, interest
rate swaps, total return swaps and options, including swaptions). The Fund may
incur costs in implementing duration management strategies, and there can be no
assurance that the Fund will engage in duration management strategies or that
any duration management strategy employed by the Fund will be successful.
The
Fund may enter into derivatives transactions and other instruments of any kind
for hedging purposes, in lieu of cash investments or otherwise to gain, or
reduce, exposure to one or more asset classes or issuers. When seeking to effect
or create investment leverage, the Fund typically will use derivatives
transactions. The Fund may use futures contracts and options on futures
contracts, in order to gain efficient investment exposures as an alternative to
cash investments or to hedge against portfolio exposures; interest rate swaps,
to gain indirect exposures to interest rates, or to hedge against portfolio
exposures; put and call options, and exchange-traded and structured notes, to
take indirect positions on indexes, securities, or other indicators of value, or
to hedge against portfolio exposures.
Additionally,
the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or
forward commitment basis, including United States agency mortgage-backed
securities that forward-settle (e.g., “To Be
Announced” Securities”). The Fund may seek to obtain market exposure to
the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of
purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy
backs or dollar rolls), which may create investment leverage.
-43-
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities, when the portfolio managers perceive deterioration in
the credit fundamentals of the issuer, or when the individual security has
reached the portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may
involve active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act and may invest
in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
Fund’s principal risks are listed below. The significance of any specific risk
to an investment in the Fund will vary over time, depending on the composition
of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read
all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more
of these risks may result in losses to the Fund.
It is possible to lose money on an investment in the
Fund. Among the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could
adversely affect its NAV, yield, and total return are the following:
• |
|
Financial Services Risk
|
• |
|
Investment Company and
Exchange-Traded Fund Risk |
• |
|
Limited Operating
History Risk |
• |
|
Mortgage-Backed
Securities Risk |
• |
|
Non-Diversification Risk
|
• |
|
Operational and
Information Security Risk |
• |
|
Portfolio Turnover Risk
|
• |
|
Real Estate Sector Risk
|
• |
|
Restricted Securities
Risk |
• |
|
Securities or Sector
Selection Risk |
• |
|
Structured Products and
Structured Notes Risk |
• |
|
U.S. Government
Securities Risk |
Please
see the section titled “Principal Risks” below for more information regarding
these risks.
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF
Under
normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in U.S.
equity securities, including exchange-traded investment companies that provide
exposure to U.S. equity securities, subject to the limitations described below.
This investment policy may be changed by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written
notice to shareholders. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests its
assets in securities that are listed on a national securities exchange
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and that trade contemporaneously with
the Fund’s shares. The Fund may invest in equity securities of companies of any
market capitalization other than penny stocks. When determining compliance with
its 80% investment policy, the Fund will consider the underlying investments of
any investment companies in which it invests, to the extent practicable.
An
issuer is considered to be a U.S. equity issuer if: (i) its principal place
of business is located in the United States; (ii) at least 50% of its
assets are located in the United States and/or (iii) it derives at least
50% of its revenues from the United States.
The Shiller Barclays CAPE® US Sector TR USD Index.
In seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, when making
investment decisions for the Fund, the Adviser considers the underlying
constituents of the Index, but the Fund is not limited in its ability to invest
in companies other than those underlying the Index. The Index incorporates the
principles of long-term investing distilled by Dr. Robert Shiller and
expressed through the CAPE® (Cyclically Adjusted Price
Earnings) ratio (the “CAPE® Ratio”). The classic
CAPE® Ratio assesses
equity market valuations and averages ten years of inflation adjusted earnings
to account for earnings and market cycles. By contrast, traditional valuation
measures, such as the price-earnings (PE) ratio, typically rely on earnings
information from only the past year. The Index uses a relative version of the
classic CAPE® Ratio to
identify undervalued sectors while also seeking to exclude a sector that may
appear undervalued, but which may have also had recent relative price
underperformance due to fundamental issues with the sector that may negatively
affect the sector’s long-term total return. There can be no assurance that the
Index will provide a better measure of value than more traditional measures,
over any period or over the long term.
The
Index is rebalanced monthly, which will often result in changes to the Index’s
composition as well. Each month, the Index’s methodology ranks eleven US sectors
based on a modified CAPE®
Ratio (a “value” factor) and a twelve-month price momentum factor (a “momentum”
factor). Each US sector is represented by a sector ETF that tracks a sector
index, which is an ETF in the family of Select Sector SPDR Funds or, in the case
of the real estate sector, the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index Fund.
The Index methodology selects the five US sectors with the lowest modified
CAPE® Ratio — the sectors
that
-44-
are
the most undervalued according to the CAPE® Ratio. Only four of these
five sectors, however, end up in the Index for a given month, as the sector with
the worst 12-month price momentum (“total
return”) among the five selected sectors is eliminated. The Index
methodology allocates an equally weighted long (i.e., investment) exposure to the four
remaining US sectors. As of the date of this Prospectus, the eleven sectors that
may be selected by the Index methodology include Communication Services,
Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Energy, Financials, Health Care,
Industrials, Materials, Technology, Utilities and Real Estate. The Index is
rebalanced on a monthly basis.
Through
the Fund’s investments related to the Index, the Fund will have focused
exposures to the sectors making up the Index at any given time. As a result, the
Fund’s net asset value may be affected to a greater degree by factors affecting
those sectors or industries than a fund that invests more broadly. Because the
Fund is actively managed, the Adviser has the discretion to invest in securities
not included in the Index and may over or underweight a particular sector as it
deems appropriate in seeking the Fund’s investment objective.
The
Adviser will seek investment exposure to the sectors comprising the Index by
investing directly in some or all of the securities that are included in those
sectors. Although the Fund seeks to create an investment return that
approximates that of the Index and the Fund will, at all times during normal
market conditions, have investment exposure to issuers underlying the Index, the
Fund does not seek to track or replicate the Index. The Adviser or the Fund’s
Board of Trustees may in their sole discretion select, in place of the Index,
another index or a basket of investments that the Adviser believes will provide
a return approximating that of the Index. The Fund may gain exposure to any
substitute index or basket of investments in any manner the Adviser determines
appropriate, including those described above with respect to how the Fund may
obtain exposure to the Index.
Subject
to the applicable limitations described below, the Fund may pursue its
investment objective and obtain exposures to some or all of the asset classes
described above by investing in other exchange-traded investment companies,
including listed closed-end investment companies, ETFs and government money
market funds, in each case affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund.
Portfolio
securities may be sold at any time. Sales typically occur when the Fund’s
portfolio managers determine to take advantage of what the portfolio managers
consider to be a better investment opportunity, when the portfolio managers
believe the portfolio securities no longer represent relatively attractive
investment opportunities or when the individual security has reached the
portfolio managers’ sell target. The Fund’s investment strategy may involve
active and frequent trading of portfolio securities.
The
Fund operates in reliance on an exemptive order from the SEC (the “Order”), which limits the types of investments
the Fund may hold to those listed in the Fund’s application for the Order. Under
the terms of the Order, the Fund is permitted to invest only in ETFs,
exchange-traded notes, exchange listed common stocks, exchange-traded preferred
stocks, exchange-traded ADRs, exchange-traded real estate investment trusts
(“REITs”), exchange-traded commodity
pools, exchange-traded metal trusts, exchange-traded currency trusts and
exchange-traded futures that trade on a U.S. exchange contemporaneously with the
Fund’s shares, as well as cash and cash equivalents (which are short-term U.S.
Treasury securities, government money market funds, and repurchase agreements).
The Fund will not buy securities that are illiquid investments (as defined in
rule 22e-4(a)(8) under the 1940 Act) at the time of purchase. The Fund may,
however, hold an illiquid investment if it becomes illiquid after purchase. The
Fund’s investment strategies and practices, including those listed above, are
subject to these limitations.
The
Fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act and may invest
in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal
Risks
The
Fund’s principal risks are listed below. The significance of any specific risk
to an investment in the Fund will vary over time, depending on the composition
of the Fund’s portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read
all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more
of these risks may result in losses to the Fund.
It is possible to lose money on an investment in the
Fund. Among the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could
adversely affect its NAV, yield and total return are the following:
• |
|
ActiveShares® Non-Transparent
Structure/ETF Risk |
• |
|
Financial Services Risk
|
• |
|
Investment Company and
Exchange-Traded Fund Risk |
• |
|
Limited Operating
History Risk |
• |
|
Market Capitalization
Risk |
-45-
• |
|
Non-Diversification Risk
|
• |
|
Operational and
Information Security Risk |
• |
|
Portfolio Turnover Risk
|
• |
|
Real Estate Sector Risk
|
• |
|
Securities or Sector
Selection Risk |
Please
see the section titled “Principal Risks” below for more information regarding
these risks.
Other
Information Regarding Principal Investment Strategies
All percentage limitations and requirements as to
investments will apply only at the time of an investment to which the limitation
or requirement is applicable and shall not be considered violated unless an
excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such
investment. Accordingly, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change
in values, net assets or other circumstances will not be considered in
determining whether any investment complies with a Fund’s limitation or
requirement.
For purposes of applying any limitations on a Fund’s
investments in such bonds, when an investment is rated by more than one
nationally recognized securities rating organization, the Adviser will utilize
the highest credit rating for that security for purposes of applying any
investment policies that incorporate credit ratings (e.g., a policy to invest a
certain percentage of a Fund’s assets in securities rated investment grade)
except where a Fund has a policy to invest a certain minimum percentage of its
assets in securities that are rated below investment grade, in which case the
Fund will utilize the lowest credit rating that applies to that investment.
Generally, this Prospectus uses the terms debt
security, debt obligation, debt instrument, bond, fixed-income instrument, fixed-income
obligation and fixed-income security interchangeably. These terms should be
considered to include any evidence of indebtedness, including, by way of
example, a security or instrument having one or more of the following
characteristics: a security or instrument issued at a discount to its face
value, a security or instrument that pays interest at a fixed, floating, or
variable rate, or a security or instrument with a stated principal amount that
requires repayment of some or all of that principal amount to the holder of the
security. Each of these terms is interpreted broadly and would include any
instrument or security evidencing a payment obligation, such as an IOU.
Interests representing corporate ownership may also be a debt obligation for
these purposes if, for example, the interest represents an indirect or
derivative interest in one or more payment obligations. For this purpose, the
terms also include instruments that are intended to provide one or more of the
characteristics of a direct investment in one or more debt securities. This
Prospectus also uses the term hybrid security to refer to a security that the
Adviser or a third party creates by combining an income-producing debt security
and the right to receive payment based on the change in the price of an equity
security.
Principal
Risks
Risk is the chance that you will lose money on
your investment or that it will not earn as much as you expect. In general, the
greater the risk, the more money your investment may earn for you — and the more
you can lose. The value of each Fund’s shares
will vary as its portfolio investments increase or decrease in value. Therefore,
the value of your investment in a Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose
money by investing in a Fund. When you sell your shares of a Fund, they
could be worth more or less than what you paid for them.
Each
Fund is affected by changes in the economy, in portfolio securities and in the
various markets for financial instruments. There is also the possibility that
investment decisions the Adviser makes with respect to the investments of the
Fund will not accomplish what they were designed to achieve or that the
investments will have disappointing performance.
The
Funds’ principal risks are listed below in alphabetical order, not in order of
importance. The significance of any specific risk to an investment in a Fund
will vary over time, depending on the composition of the Fund’s portfolio,
market conditions, and other factors. Your investment in a Fund may be subject
(in varying degrees) to the following risks discussed below. Each Fund may be more susceptible to some of
the risks than others. You should read all of the risk information for your Fund
presented below carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in
losses to the Fund.
ActiveShares® Non-transparent
Structure/ETF-Related Risks
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF is an ETF that utilizes the
ActiveShares®
non-transparent ETF structure. Unlike most actively managed ETFs, the Fund does
not provide daily disclosure of its portfolio holdings. Instead, the Fund
provides a verified intraday indicative value (“VIIV”), calculated and disseminated every
second throughout the trading day. The VIIV is intended to provide investors
with an intraday highly-correlated per share value of the Fund that can be
compared to the current market price. The VIIV is designed to provide sufficient
information to allow for an effective arbitrage mechanism that will keep the
market price of each Fund’s shares trading at or close to the underlying
net-asset value (“NAV”) per share of the
-46-
Fund.
Shares traded on an intraday basis on an exchange, however, will not have a
fixed relationship to the previous day’s or the current day’s NAV. There is,
however, a risk, which may increase during periods of market disruption or
volatility, that market prices will vary significantly from the underlying NAV
of a Fund. Similarly, because each Fund’s shares trade with reference to a
published VIIV, they may trade at a wider bid/ask spread (as defined below) when
compared to shares of ETFs that publish their portfolios on a daily basis,
especially during periods of market disruption or volatility, and therefore, may
cost investors more to trade. Although the Fund seeks to benefit from keeping
its portfolio information secret, some market participants may attempt to use
information, including the VIIV, to identify the Fund’s trading strategy and the
securities held by the Fund, which if successful, could result in such market
participants engaging in certain predatory trading practices that may have the
potential to harm the Fund and its shareholders. In the event of a system
failure or other interruption, including disruptions involving a limited number
of institutional investors (known as “Authorized
Participants”), unaffiliated broker-dealers with which such Authorized
Participant has signed an agreement to establish a confidential account for the
benefit of such Authorized Participant (an “AP
Representative”), or market makers, orders to create or redeem Creation
Units either may not be executed according to an Authorized Participant’s
instructions or may not be executed at all, or an Authorized Participant may not
be able to place or change orders. If such an event were to occur, the Fund’s
shares may trade in the secondary market at a greater premium or discount to the
Fund’s NAV, and investors may pay a greater bid/ask spread to purchase or sell
the Fund’s shares. The use of this structure exposes the Fund and Fund
shareholders to certain additional risks, including the following:
Authorized
Participant and AP Representative concentration risk: because the
Fund is an ETF, only a limited number of Authorized Participants are authorized
to purchase (or create) and redeem shares directly from the Fund. Each of the
Fund’s Authorized Participants will engage in all creation and redemption
activity through an unaffiliated broker-dealer with which such Authorized
Participant has signed an agreement to establish a confidential account for the
benefit of such AP Representative. The AP Representative will deliver or
receive, on behalf of the Authorized Participant, all consideration to or from
the Fund in a creation or redemption. AP Representatives have knowledge of the
composition of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, and are restricted from disclosing
such composition, including to the Authorized Participants. As a result of the
Fund’s use of the ActiveShares® structure for
non-transparent ETFs, there may be a more limited number of institutions that
are willing to act as Authorized Participants or as AP Representatives. During
times of market stress, Authorized Participants may be more likely to step away
from a non-transparent ETF than a traditional ETF. If these institutions exit
the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders with
respect to the Fund, or are unavailable to purchase and sell securities in
connection with creation and/or redemption orders, as applicable, and no other
Authorized Participant or AP Representative agrees to create or redeem, or
purchase or sell securities, as applicable, the arbitrage mechanism for keeping
the market price of Fund shares trading at or close to the Fund’s per share NAV
may be impaired, and Fund shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV and
possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. These risks may be more pronounced
in volatile markets, particularly where there are significant redemptions in
ETFs generally.
Secondary market
trading risk: shares of the Fund trade on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the
“Exchange”) and are subject to the
following associated risks:
|
• |
|
absence of
active market: although the Fund’s shares are currently
listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading
market for shares will develop or be maintained. The absence of an active
market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading
at a premium or discount to NAV. |
|
• |
|
trading in fund
shares may be halted or fund shares may be delisted: trading
in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for other reasons
that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of the Fund
inadvisable. If at any time securities representing 10% or more of the
Fund’s portfolio become subject to a trading halt or otherwise do not have
readily available market quotations, the Fund will request that the
Exchange halt trading of the Fund’s shares. Further, if there is a
discrepancy of sufficient magnitude between the value of the Fund’s
portfolio securities as calculated by the Fund’s two calculation engines
for VIIV purposes, the Exchange will have the ability to halt trading of
the Fund’s shares. During such trading halts, although the primary VIIV
would continue to be calculated and disseminated, investors in the Fund’s
shares will not be able to freely trade their shares. Additionally, the
Fund must satisfy various other standards established by the Exchange in
order to ensure that Fund shares can continue to be listed for trading.
There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary
to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met.
|
|
• |
|
trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses: most Fund investors will buy
and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on another secondary market. When
buying or selling shares of the Fund, investors typically will pay
brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by
that broker. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the
cost of the difference between the price that a buyer is willing to
|
-47-
|
pay
for shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which a seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.”
|
|
• |
|
fund shares may
be sold short — Shares of the Fund, similar to shares of
other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are
therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases
associated with short selling activity. |
|
• |
|
fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV:
the NAV of shares of the Fund will fluctuate with changes in the market
value of the Fund’s holdings. The trading price of the Fund’s shares will
fluctuate, in some cases materially, throughout trading hours in response
to changes in the Fund’s VIIV, the relative supply of and demand for Fund
shares on the Exchange and other factors. As a result, Fund shares may
trade above (at a premium to) or below (at a discount to) their NAV. This
risk may be greater for the Fund than for traditional ETFs that disclose
their full portfolio holdings on a daily basis. Disruptions to creations
and redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading market for shares may result in shares trading
at a significant premium or discount to NAV and/or in a reduced liquidity
of your investment. During such periods, you may be unable to sell your
shares, you may pay significantly more than NAV when buying Fund shares,
or you may receive significantly less than NAV when selling Fund shares.
|
Portfolio security
trading risk: an exchange or market may close or
issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell
certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result
in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain portfolio securities or
financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to engage
in Fund portfolio transactions to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to have
its investments accurately priced for purposes of determining its VIIV, and may
have difficulty calculating its NAV. These events may result in losses to
shareholders. Any extended trading halt in a portfolio security may exacerbate
discrepancies between the VIIV and the underlying NAV of the Fund. If a
portfolio security does not have readily available market quotations, e.g., if
subject to an extended trading halt, that fact, along with the identity and
weighting of that security in the Fund’s VIIV calculation, will be publicly
disclosed on the Fund’s website. Trading halts of portfolio securities may have
a greater impact on the Fund, as compared with traditional ETFs, due to less
frequent dissemination of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
Active
Management Risk
The
risk that a Fund may fail to meet its investment objective and that a Fund’s
investment performance will depend, at least in part, on how its assets are
allocated and reallocated among the asset classes, sectors, underlying funds
and/or investments in which it invests. It is possible that the Adviser’s
judgements about the attractiveness, value and potential performance of asset
classes, sectors, underlying funds, and/or investments may prove to be incorrect
and may not anticipate actual market movements or the impact of economic
conditions generally. You could lose money on your investment in a Fund as a
result of these judgements and allocation decisions. To the extent that a Fund
invests a significant portion of its assets in a single or limited number of
asset classes, sectors, underlying funds, or investments, it will be
particularly sensitive to the risks associated with the asset classes, sectors,
funds, or investments in which it invests. Any given investment strategy may
fail to produce the intended results, and a Fund’s portfolio may underperform
other comparable funds because of portfolio management decisions related to,
among other things, the selection of investments, portfolio construction, risk
assessments, and/or the outlook on market trends and opportunities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk
Asset-backed
investments tend to increase in value less than other debt securities of similar
maturity and credit quality when interest rates decline, but are subject to a
similar or greater risk of decline in market value during periods of rising
interest rates. In a period of declining interest rates, prepayments on
asset-backed securities may increase, and a Fund may be unable to reinvest those
prepaid amounts in investments providing the same rate of interest as the
pre-paid obligations. Asset-backed securities are structured like
mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in
mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include a wide variety of items,
including, without limitation, motor vehicle installment sales or installment
loan contracts, leases of various types of real, personal and other property
(including those relating to aircrafts, containers, railroads,
telecommunication, energy, and/or other infrastructure assets and
infrastructure-related assets), receivables from credit card agreements and
automobile finance agreements, home equity sharing agreements, student loans,
consumer loans, home equity loans, mobile home loans, boat loans, and income
from other non-mortgage-related income streams, such as income from business and
small business loans, project finance loans, renewable energy projects, personal
financial assets, timeshare receivables and franchise rights. They may also
include asset-backed securities backed by whole loans or fractions of whole
loans issued by alternative lending platforms and securitized by those platforms
or other entities (such as third-party originators or brokers). There is a risk
that borrowers may default on their obligations in respect of those underlying
obligations.
-48-
Asset-backed
securities involve the risk that borrowers may default on the obligations
backing them and that the values of and interest earned on such investments will
decline as a result. Loans made to lower quality borrowers, including those of
sub-prime quality, involve a higher risk of default. Therefore, the values of
asset-backed securities backed by lower quality loans, including those of
sub-prime quality, may suffer significantly greater declines in value due to
defaults, payment delays or a perceived increased risk of default, especially
during periods when economic conditions worsen.
Certain
assets underlying asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment, which may
reduce the overall return to asset-backed security holders. Holders also may
experience delays in payment or losses on the securities if the full amounts due
on underlying sales contracts or receivables are not realized by the issuing
trust because of, among others, unanticipated legal or administrative costs of
enforcing the contracts or because of depreciation or damage to the collateral
securing certain contracts, or other factors. The values of asset-backed
securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying
asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence
or malfeasance by their servicers and to the credit risk or insolvency of their
servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation
also may affect the rights of security holders in and to the underlying
collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize
the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated
with a decline in the value of underlying assets. Certain asset-backed
securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related
collateral as do mortgage-backed securities; nor are they provided government
guarantees of repayment as are some mortgage-backed securities. For example,
credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to
the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of
which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit
cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile
receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying
obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party,
there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of
the holders of the related automobile receivables. The impairment of the value
of collateral or other assets underlying an asset-backed security, such as a
result of non-payment of loans or non-performance of other collateral or
underlying assets, may result in a reduction in the value of such asset-backed
securities and losses to a Fund. It is possible that many or all asset-backed
securities will fall out of favor at any time or over time with investors,
affecting adversely the values and liquidity of the securities.
During
periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of
rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes
dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving loans, sales contracts,
receivables and other obligations underlying asset-backed securities.
The
values of asset-backed securities may also be substantially dependent on the
servicing of and diligence performed by their servicers or sponsors. For
example, a Fund may suffer losses due to a servicer’s, sponsor’s or platform’s
negligence or malfeasance, such as through the mishandling of certain
documentation affecting security holders’ rights in and to underlying collateral
or the failure to update or collect accurate and complete borrower information.
In addition, the values of asset-backed securities may be adversely affected by
the credit quality of the servicer or sponsor, as applicable. Certain servicers
or sponsors may have limited operating histories to evaluate. The insolvency of
a servicer or sponsor may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses
associated with a decline in the value of underlying assets. A Fund also may
experience delays in payment or losses on its investments if the full amount due
on underlying collateral is not realized, which may occur because of
unanticipated legal or administrative costs of enforcing the contracts,
depreciation or damage to the collateral securing certain contracts,
under-collateralization or other factors.
Equipment Trust
Certificates (“ETCs”) and Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (“EETCs”) Risk:
ETCs and EETCs are types of asset-backed securities that generally
represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a
pool of equipment retail installment contracts or leased equipment. EETCs are
similar to ETCs, except that the securities have been divided into two or more
classes, each with different payment priorities and asset claims (see
“—Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk” in the Fund’s SAI for information
regarding how different classes or tranches of interests issued by an issuer can
affect the risks of an investment in EETCs). ETCs and EETCs are typically issued
by specially-created trusts established by airlines, railroads, or other
transportation firms. The assets of ETCs and EETCs are used to purchase
equipment, such as airplanes, railroad cars, or other equipment, which may in
turn serve as collateral for the related issue of the ETCs or EETCs, and the
title to such equipment is held in trust for the holders of the issue. The
equipment generally is leased from the specially-created trust by the airline,
railroad or other firm, which makes rental or lease payments to the
specially-created trust to provide cash flow for payments to ETC and EETC
holders. Holders of ETCs and EETCs must look to the collateral securing the
certificates, typically together with a guarantee provided by the lessee firm or
its parent company for the payment of lease obligations, in the case of default
in the payment of principal and interest on the ETCs or EETCs. ETCs and EETCs
are subject to the risk that the lessee or payee defaults on its payments, and
risks related to potential declines in the value of the equipment that serves as
collateral for the issue. ETCs and EETCs are generally regarded as obligations
of the company that is leasing the equipment and may be shown as liabilities in
its balance sheet as a capitalized lease in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. The lessee company,
-49-
however,
does not own the equipment until all the certificates are redeemed and paid. In
the event the company defaults under its lease, the trustee may terminate the
lease. If another lessee is not available, then payments on the certificates
would cease until another lessee is available.
Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk
Collateralized
debt obligations (“CDOs”) are a type of
asset-backed security, and include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), CLOs, and other similarly structured
securities. A CBO is a trust which may be backed by a diversified pool of high
risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically
collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and
foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, second lien loans or other
types of subordinate loans, and mezzanine loans, including loans that may be
rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans and including loans
that may be covenant-lite. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative
expenses. The cash flows from the CDO trust are generally split into two or more
portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches are paid
from the cash flows from the underlying assets before the junior tranches and
equity or “first loss” tranches. Losses are first borne by the equity tranches,
next by the junior tranches, and finally by the senior tranches. Holders of
interests in the senior tranches are entitled to the lowest interest rate
payments but those interests generally involve less credit risk as they are
typically paid before junior tranches. The holders of interests in the most
junior tranches, such as equity tranches, typically are entitled to be paid the
highest interest rate payments but suffer the highest risk of loss should the
holder of an underlying debt instrument default. If some debt instruments
default and the cash collected by the CDO is insufficient to pay all of its
investors, those in the lowest, most junior tranches suffer losses first. Since
it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CDO trust
typically has higher ratings and lower potential yields than the underlying
securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the
equity tranche, more senior CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due
to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default
and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and
aversion to CDO securities as a class.
The
risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the quality and type of the
collateral and the tranche of the CDO in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs,
CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered
under the securities laws. As a result, there may be a limited secondary market
for investments in CDOs and such investments may be illiquid. In addition to the
risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk),
CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the
possibility that distributions from collateral will not be adequate to make
interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline
in value or default; (iii) the possibility that a Fund may invest in CDOs
that are subordinate to other classes of the issuer’s securities; and
(iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at
the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected
investment results.
During
periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of
rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes
dramatically, with respect to debt obligations.
Counterparty
Risk
A
Fund will be subject to credit risk presented by another party (whether a
clearing corporation in the case of exchange-traded or cleared instruments or
another third party in the case of over-the-counter instruments) that promises
to honor an obligation to a Fund with respect to the derivative contracts and
other instruments entered into by a Fund. There can be no assurance that a
counterparty will be able or willing to meet its obligations. If such a party
becomes bankrupt or insolvent or otherwise fails or is unwilling to perform its
obligations to a Fund due to financial difficulties or for other reasons, the
Fund may experience significant losses or delays in enforcing contractual
remedies and/or obtaining any recovery from the counterparty, including
realizing on any collateral the counterparty has provided in respect of the
counterparty’s obligations to the Fund or recovering collateral that a Fund has
provided and is entitled to recover. If a Fund’s claim against a counterparty is
unsecured, the Fund will likely be treated as a general creditor of such
counterparty to the extent of such unsecured claim. A Fund may obtain only a
limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. New regulatory
requirements may also limit the ability of the Fund to protect its interests in
the event of an insolvency of a derivatives counterparty. In the event of a
counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the Fund’s ability to exercise
remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and
realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under special
resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union (“EU”), the United Kingdom (the “UK”) and various other jurisdictions. Such
regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a
financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with
respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the EU or the
UK, the liabilities of such counterparties to the Fund could be reduced,
eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to
as a “bail in”).
Subject
to certain U.S. federal income tax limitations, the Funds are not subject to any
limit with respect to the number or the value of transactions they can enter
into with a single counterparty.
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Debt
securities are subject to various risks including, among others, credit risk and
interest rate risk. These risks can affect a security’s price volatility to
varying degrees, depending upon the nature of the instrument.
Credit risk:
refers to the risk that an issuer, counterparty or other obligor
to the Fund will fail to pay its obligations to a Fund when they are due. If an
investment’s issuer, counterparty or other obligor fails to pay interest or
otherwise fails to meet its obligations to a Fund, the value of the investment
might be lost entirely. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the
primary factors influencing credit risk. Actual or perceived changes in the
financial condition of an obligor, changes in specific economic, social or
political conditions that affect a particular type of security, other instrument
or an obligor, and changes in economic, social or political conditions generally
can increase the risk of default by an obligor, which can affect a security’s or
other instrument’s credit quality or value and an obligor’s ability to honor its
obligations when due. The values of lower-quality debt securities (including
debt securities commonly known as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds”),
including floating rate loans, tend to be particularly sensitive to these
changes. The values of securities or instruments also may decline for a number
of other reasons that relate directly to the obligor, such as management
performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the obligor’s goods and
services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the obligor and
the value of its assets. Credit risk is heightened to the extent a Fund has
fewer counterparties.
In
addition, lack of or inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancements for a fixed
income security may affect its credit risk. Credit risk of a security may change
over time, and securities which are rated by rating agencies may be subject to
downgrade, which may have an indirect impact on the market price of securities.
Ratings are only opinions of the agencies issuing them as to the likelihood of
repayment. They are not guarantees as to quality and they do not reflect market
risk.
Extension risk:
refers to the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of
principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to, floating
rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower rate than
expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a
result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater
potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their
values to fall sharply. The values of interest-only and principal-only
securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect
not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment
assumptions about those investments.
Interest rate risk:
refers to the risk that the values of debt instruments held by a
Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes
may affect the value of a fixed income instrument directly (especially in the
case of fixed rate instruments) and indirectly (especially in the case of
adjustable-rate instruments). In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument
with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase,
whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline
if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration
(whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to changes in interest
rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure
of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an
instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a
bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to
fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Inverse
floaters, interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive
to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also
change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments.
Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused the
fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of interest rate
volatility and liquidity risk. The risks associated with rising interest rates
are heightened under current market conditions given that the U.S. Federal
Reserve has raised interest rates from historically low levels and may continue
to do so. Further, in market environments where interest rates are rising,
issuers may be less willing or able to make principal and interest payments on
fixed-income investments when due.
The
values of variable and floating rate debt securities are generally less
sensitive to interest rate changes, as compared to fixed rate debt instruments,
but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as
quickly, as interest rates in general. A floating rate debt security’s interest
rate depends on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index
chosen and the frequency of reset and any caps or floors, among other things .
Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value at all
or to the same extent as fixed rate instruments when interest rates decline.
Inverse floating rate debt securities may decrease in value if interest rates
increase. Inverse floating rate debt securities also may exhibit greater price
volatility than a fixed rate debt obligation with similar credit quality. When a
Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of
inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will
adversely affect the income received from such securities and a Fund’s NAV.
Prepayment/Reinvestment Risk: Many
types of debt securities, including floating rate loans, mortgage-backed
securities and asset-backed securities, may reflect an interest in periodic
payments made by borrowers. Although debt securities
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and
other obligations typically mature after a specified period of time, borrowers
may pay them off sooner. When a prepayment happens, all or a portion of the
obligation will be prepaid. A borrower is more likely to prepay an obligation
which bears a relatively high rate of interest. This means that in times of
declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that a Fund’s higher
yielding securities will be pre-paid and the Fund will probably be unable to
reinvest those proceeds in an investment with as great a yield, causing the
Fund’s yield to decline. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer
less potential for gains when prevailing interest rates fall. If a Fund buys
those investments at a premium, accelerated prepayments on those investments
could cause a Fund to lose a portion of its principal investment and result in
lower yields to shareholders. The increased likelihood of prepayment when
interest rates decline also limits market price appreciation, especially with
respect to certain loans, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed
securities. The effect of prepayments on the price of a security may be
difficult to predict and may increase the security’s price volatility.
Interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest
rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the
income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Income from a
Fund’s portfolio may decline when a Fund invests the proceeds from investment
income, sales of portfolio securities or matured, traded or called debt
obligations. A decline in income received by a Fund from its investments is
likely to have a negative effect on the dividend levels, NAV and/or overall
return of a Fund.
Defaulted
Securities Risk
Defaulted
securities risk refers to the significant risk of the uncertainty of repayment
of defaulted securities (e.g., a
security on which a principal or interest payment is not made when due) and
obligations of distressed issuers (including insolvent issuers or issuers in
payment or covenant default, in workout or restructuring or in bankruptcy or
similar proceedings). Because the issuer of such securities is in default and is
likely to be in distressed financial condition, repayment of defaulted
securities and obligations of distressed issuers is subject to significant
uncertainties. Insolvency laws and practices in foreign markets, and especially
emerging market countries are different than those in the United States and the
effect of these laws and practices cannot be predicted with certainty.
Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers are
considered speculative and entail high risk.
Derivatives
Risk
A
Fund’s use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or greater than, the
risks associated with investing in more traditional investments, such as stocks
and bonds. Any use of derivatives strategies entails the risks of investing
directly in the securities, instruments, or assets underlying the derivatives
strategies, as well as the risks of using derivatives generally. Derivatives can
be highly complex and may perform in ways unanticipated by the Adviser and may
not be available at the time or price desired. Derivatives positions may also be
improperly executed or constructed.
A
Fund’s use of derivatives involves the risk that the other party to the
derivative contract will fail to make required payments or otherwise to comply
with the terms of the contract. In the event the counterparty to a derivative
instrument defaults and/or becomes insolvent, a Fund potentially could lose all
or a large portion of the value of its investment in the derivative instrument.
Derivatives transactions can create investment leverage and may be highly
volatile, and a Fund could lose significantly more than the amount it invests.
Because most derivatives involve contractual arrangements with a counterparty, a
Fund’s ability to enter into them requires a willing counterparty. A Fund’s
ability to close out or unwind a derivatives position prior to expiration or
maturity may also depend on the ability and willingness of the counterparty to
enter into a transaction closing out the position.
Derivatives
may be difficult to value, illiquid and/or volatile. A Fund may not be able to
close out or sell a derivative position at an advantageous price or time.
Use
of derivatives may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to
shareholders and, therefore, may increase the amount of taxes payable by taxable
shareholders.
A
Fund may use derivatives to create investment leverage and the Fund’s use of
derivatives may otherwise cause its portfolio to be leveraged. Leverage
increases a Fund’s portfolio losses when the value of its investments declines.
Since many derivatives involve leverage, adverse changes in the value or level
of the underlying asset, rate, or index may result in a loss substantially
greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Some derivatives have
the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial
investment.
When
a Fund enters into a derivatives transaction as a substitute for or alternative
to a direct cash investment, that Fund is exposed to the risk that the
derivative transaction may not provide a return that corresponds precisely or at
all with that of the underlying investment. When a Fund uses a derivative for
hedging purposes, it is possible that the derivative will not in fact
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provide
the anticipated protection, and the Fund could lose money on both the derivative
transaction and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge. While hedging strategies
involving derivatives can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the
opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price
movements in other Fund investments.
The
derivatives markets are subject to various global regulations, and additional
future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly,
may limit the availability or liquidity of derivatives, or may otherwise
adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. Any such regulation
could impair the effectiveness of a Fund’s derivatives transactions or its
ability to effect its investment strategy and cause a Fund to lose value. In
particular, the U.S. government, the United Kingdom, the European Union and
various other jurisdictions have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements
for bilateral derivatives. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin
required to be provided by a Fund in connection with its derivatives
transactions and, therefore, make its derivatives transactions more expensive
and potentially impair its ability to effect its investment strategy. U.S.
government legislation providing for regulation of the derivatives market also
includes clearing, reporting, and registration requirements, which could
restrict a Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions or increase the
cost or uncertainty involved in such transactions. The European Union and the
United Kingdom (and some other jurisdictions) have implemented or are in the
process of implementing similar requirements, which will affect a Fund when it
enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty subject to such
requirements.
A
Fund typically will be required to post collateral or make margin payments in
connection with entering into derivatives transactions. Assets that are used as
margin or collateral may be required to be in the form of cash or liquid
securities. If markets move against a Fund’s position, the Fund will generally
be required to post additional assets and may have to dispose of existing
investments to obtain assets acceptable as collateral or margin. This may
prevent a Fund from pursuing its investment objective. Assets that are used as
margin or collateral typically may be invested, and these investments are
subject to risk and may result in losses to a Fund. These losses may be
substantial, and may be in addition to losses incurred by using the derivative
in question. If a Fund is unable to close out its position, it may be required
to continue to maintain such accounts and fulfill its payment obligations until
the position expires or matures, and the Fund will continue to be subject to
investment risk on the assets. In addition, a Fund may not be able to recover
the full amount of its margin from its counterparty or an intermediary if such
entity were to experience financial difficulty. Margin and collateral
requirements may impair a Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an
investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require a
Fund to sell a portfolio security or close out a derivatives position at a
disadvantageous time or price.
Rule
18f-4 governs a Fund’s use of derivative investments and certain financing
transactions. Among other things, Rule 18f-4 requires funds that invest in
derivative instruments beyond a specified limited amount to apply a
value-at-risk based limit to their use of certain derivative instruments and
financing transactions and to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management
program. Funds that use derivative instruments (beyond certain currency and
interest rate hedging transactions) to a limited degree are not subject to the
full requirements of Rule 18f-4. Regulatory limitations on derivatives
transactions could have the effect of restricting the Fund’s use of derivative
investments and financing transactions and prevent the Fund from implementing
its principal investment strategies as described herein, which may result in
changes to the Fund’s principal investment strategies and could adversely affect
the Fund’s performance and its ability to achieve its investment objective.
While
legislative and regulatory measures may provide protections for some market
participants, they are evolving and still being implemented and their effects on
derivatives markets activities cannot be reliably predicted. Current and future
regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may
limit the availability or liquidity of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely
affect the value or performance of derivatives. Any such adverse developments
could impair the effectiveness of the Fund’s derivatives transactions and cause
the Fund to lose value.
Emerging
Market Country Risk
Investing
in the securities of emerging market countries, as compared to foreign developed
markets, involves substantial additional risk due to more limited information
about the issuer and/or the security; higher brokerage costs; different
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards; less developed legal
systems and thinner trading markets; the possibility of currency blockages or
transfer restrictions; an emerging market country’s dependence on revenue from
particular commodities or international aid; and expropriation, nationalization
or other adverse political or economic developments, such as the imposition of
economic sanctions, tariffs or other governmental restrictions.
Political
and economic structures in many emerging market countries may undergo
significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the
social, political and economic stability characteristics of more developed
countries. Emerging market countries tend to have a greater degree of economic,
political and social instability than the United States and other developed
countries. Such social, political and economic instability could disrupt the
financial markets in which a Fund invests and adversely affect the value of its
investment portfolio. Some of these countries may have in the past
-53-
failed
to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or
expropriated the assets of private companies. In addition, unanticipated
political or social developments may affect the value of investments in emerging
markets and the availability of additional investments in these markets. The
small size, limited trading volume and relative inexperience of the securities
markets in these countries may make investments in securities traded in emerging
markets illiquid and more volatile than investments in securities traded in more
developed countries, and a Fund may be required to establish special custodial
or other arrangements before making investments in securities traded in emerging
markets. There may be little financial or accounting information available with
respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a
result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such securities.
The
securities markets of emerging market countries may be substantially smaller,
less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets
in the United States and other developed nations. The limited size of many
securities markets in emerging market countries and limited trading volume in
issuers compared to the volume in U.S. securities or securities of issuers in
other developed countries could cause prices to be erratic for reasons other
than factors that affect the quality of the securities and investments in
emerging markets can become illiquid. For example, limited market size may cause
prices to be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions. Adverse
publicity and investors’ perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of portfolio securities,
especially in these markets. In addition, emerging market countries’ exchanges
and broker-dealers may generally be subject to less regulation than their
counterparts in developed countries. Emerging market securities markets,
exchanges and market participants may lack the regulatory oversight and
sophistication necessary to deter or detect market manipulation in such
exchanges or markets, which may result in losses to the Fund to the extent it
holds investments trading in such exchanges or markets. Brokerage commissions
and dealer mark-ups, custodial expenses and other transaction costs are
generally higher in emerging market countries than in developed countries. As a
result, funds that invest in emerging market countries have operating expenses
that are higher than funds investing in other securities markets.
Emerging
market countries may have different clearance and settlement procedures than in
the United States, including significantly longer settlement cycles for
purchases and sales of securities, and in certain markets there may be times
when settlements fail to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions,
making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, custody practices
abroad may offer less protection generally to investors, such as a Fund, and
satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available
in some emerging market countries, which may result in a Fund incurring
additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities
outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in
periods when assets of a Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon.
The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement
problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause the Fund
to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a
portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to a
Fund due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if
the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in
possible liability to the purchaser.
The
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which regulates auditors of U.S.
public companies, is unable to inspect audit work papers in certain foreign
countries. Investors in foreign countries often have limited rights and few
practical remedies to pursue shareholder claims, including class actions or
fraud claims, and the ability of the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and
other authorities to bring and enforce actions against foreign issuers or
foreign persons is limited. Regulatory regimes outside of the United States may
not require or enforce corporate governance standards comparable to that of the
United States, which may result in less protections for investors in such
issuers and make such issuers more susceptible to actions not in the best
interest of the issuer or its investors.
In
certain emerging market countries, governments participate to a significant
degree, through ownership or regulation, in their respective economies. Action
by these governments could have a significant adverse effect on market prices of
securities and payment of dividends. In addition, most emerging market countries
have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation. Inflation and rapid fluctuation in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities markets
of certain emerging market countries.
The
currencies of certain emerging market countries have sometimes experienced
devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and future devaluations may adversely
affect the value of assets denominated in such currencies. A devaluation of the
currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will negatively impact
the value of those securities. Many emerging market countries have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation
for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and
securities markets of such countries. When debt and similar obligations issued
by foreign issuers are denominated in a currency (e.g., the U.S. dollar or the euro) other than
the local currency of the issuer, the subsequent strengthening of the non-local
currency against the local currency will generally increase the burden of
repayment on the issuer and may increase significantly the risk of default by
the issuer.
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Emerging
market countries have and may in the future impose capital controls, foreign
currency controls and repatriation controls. In addition, some currency hedging
techniques may be unavailable in emerging market countries, and the currencies
of emerging market countries may experience greater volatility in exchange rates
as compared to those of developed countries.
A
Fund may invest in commodities or commodity-related investments that are found
in or exported from emerging market countries or the values of which are
affected significantly by economic or other conditions in emerging market
countries.
Equity
Issuer Risk
The
market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down,
sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due
to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particularly
industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. The values of
equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not
specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse
economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings,
changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally.
They also may decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or
industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and
competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, the values of equity
securities may decline for a number of reasons that may relate directly to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, non-compliance with
regulatory requirements, and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services.
Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than bonds and other
debt securities, although under certain market conditions various fixed income
investments may have comparable or greater price volatility. The values of
equity securities paying dividends at high rates may be more sensitive to change
in interest rates than are other equity securities.
ETF-Related
Risks
Authorized
participant concentration risk:
because the Fund is an ETF, only a limited number of Authorized Participants are
authorized to purchase (or create) and redeem shares directly from the Fund. If
these institutions exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or
redemption orders with respect to the Fund, or are unavailable to purchase and
sell securities in connection with creation and/or redemption orders, as
applicable, and no other Authorized Participant agrees to create or redeem, or
purchase or sell securities, as applicable, the arbitrage mechanism for keeping
the market price of Fund shares trading at or close to the Fund’s per share NAV
may be impaired, and Fund shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV and
possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. These risks may be more pronounced
in volatile markets, particularly where there are significant redemptions in
ETFs generally.
Secondary market
trading risk: shares of the Fund trade on the
Exchange and face numerous trading risks, including the potential lack of an
active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods
of high volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption process. Any of
these factors, among others, may lead to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium
or discount to NAV.
|
• |
|
absence of
active market: although the Fund’s shares are currently
listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an
active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by
market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not
obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In
periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants
may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active
market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading
at a premium or discount to NAV. |
The
Funds’ shares may be listed or traded on exchanges or markets other than the
Exchange (where each Fund’s primary listing is maintained), and may otherwise be
made available to non-U.S. investors through funds or structured investment
vehicles similar to depositary receipts. There can be no assurance that the
Funds’ shares will continue to trade on any such stock exchange or in any market
or that the Funds’ shares will continue to meet the requirements for listing or
trading on any exchange or in any market, including the Exchange. The Funds’
shares may be less actively traded in certain markets than in others, and
investors are subject to the execution and settlement risks and market standards
of the market where they or their broker-dealer direct their trades for
execution.
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• |
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early
close/trading halt/delisting risk: trading in Fund shares
may be halted due to market conditions or for other reasons that, in the
view of the Exchange, make trading in shares of a Fund inadvisable.
Additionally, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on
specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or
financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund
being unable to buy or sell |
-55-
|
certain
securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may
be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price
its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses. The Fund must
satisfy various standards established by the Exchange in order to ensure
that Fund shares can continue to be listed for trading. There can be no
assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the
listing of the Fund will continue to be met. |
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• |
|
trading in fund
shares is subject to expenses: most Fund investors will buy
and sell Fund shares on the Exchange or on another secondary market. When
buying or selling shares of the Fund, investors typically will pay
brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by
that broker. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the
cost of the difference between the price that a buyer is willing to pay
for shares (the “bid” price) and
the price at which a seller is willing to sell shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and
ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The spread varies over
time for shares of a Fund based on trading volume and market liquidity,
and is generally narrower if the Fund has more trading volume and market
liquidity and is wider if the Fund has less trading volume and market
liquidity. In addition, increased market volatility may cause increased
spreads. There may also be regulatory and other charges that are incurred
as a result of trading Fund shares. |
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• |
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fund shares may
be sold short: shares of the Fund, similar to shares of
other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are
therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases
associated with short selling activity. |
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• |
|
fund shares may
trade at prices other than NAV: shares of the Fund trade on
the Exchange at prices at, above or below the Fund’s most recent NAV. The
NAV of the Fund is calculated at the end of each business day and
fluctuates with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings. The
trading price of the Fund’s shares fluctuates continuously throughout
trading hours in response to relative supply of and demand for Fund shares
on the Exchange and the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings
or NAV. As a result, the trading prices of the Fund’s shares may deviate
significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility, including
during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market
conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S
SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. Disruptions to creations
and redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential
lack of an active trading market for Fund shares may result in shares
trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV and/or in a reduced
liquidity of a shareholder’s investment. During such periods, shareholders
may be unable to sell their shares, may pay significantly more than NAV
when buying Fund shares, or may receive significantly less than NAV when
selling Fund shares. |
Financial
Services Risk
Financial
services companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation which may
limit both the amounts and the types of loans and other financial commitments
they can make, the interest rates and fees they can charge, the scope of their
activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must
maintain. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of
capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change or due
to increased competition. In addition, deterioration of the credit markets
generally may cause an adverse impact in a broad range of markets, including
U.S. and international credit and interbank money markets generally, thereby
affecting a wide range of financial institutions and markets. Certain events in
the financial sector may cause an unusually high degree of volatility in the
financial markets, both domestic and foreign, and cause certain financial
services companies to incur large losses. Interconnectedness or interdependence
among financial services companies increases the risk that the financial
distress or failure of one financial services company may materially and
adversely affect a number of other financial services companies. Securities of
financial services companies may experience a dramatic decline in value when
such companies experience substantial declines in the valuations of their
assets, take action to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or equity
securities), or cease operations. Events leading to limited liquidity, defaults,
non‑performance or other adverse developments that affect the financial services
industry, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds, have in the
past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, may spread to
other industries, and could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the
Fund’s investments. For example, in response to the rapidly declining financial
condition of regional banks Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and Signature Bank (“Signature”), the California Department of
Financial Protection and Innovation (the “CDFPI”) and the New York State Department
of Financial Services (the “NYSDFS”)
closed SVB and Signature on March 10, 2023 and March 12, 2023,
respectively, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) was appointed as receiver for SVB and
Signature. Although the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and
the FDIC have taken measures to stabilize the financial system, uncertainty and
liquidity concerns in the broader financial services industry remain.
Additionally, should there be additional systemic pressure on the financial
system and capital markets, there can be no assurances of the response of
-56-
any
government or regulator, and any response may not be as favorable to industry
participants as the measures currently being pursued. In addition, highly
publicized issues related to the U.S. and global capital markets in the past
have led to significant and widespread investor concerns over the integrity of
the capital markets. The current situation related to SVB, Signature and other
regional banks could in the future lead to further rules and regulations for
public companies, banks, financial institutions and other participants in the
U.S. and global capital markets, and complying with the requirements of any such
rules or regulations may be burdensome. Even if not adopted, evaluating and
responding to any such proposed rules or regulations could result in increased
costs and require significant attention from the Adviser. Separately, credit
losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers can negatively impact
the sector, especially when financial services companies are exposed to
non‑diversified or concentrated loan portfolios. Financial losses associated
with investment activities can negatively impact the sector, especially when
financial services companies are exposed to financial leverage. Insurance
companies may be subject to severe price competition. Adverse economic, business
or political developments could adversely affect financial institutions engaged
in mortgage finance or other lending or investing activities directly or
indirectly connected to the value of real estate.
Foreign
Currency Risk
Currency
risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the
value of a Fund’s investments. Currency risk includes both the risk that
currencies in which a Fund’s investments are traded and/or in which the Fund
receives income, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment
position, will decline in value relative to other currencies. In the case of
hedging positions, currency risk includes the risk that the currency a Fund is
seeking exposure to will decline in value relative to the foreign currency being
hedged. Currency exchange rates fluctuate significantly for many reasons,
including changes in supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, actual
or perceived changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to
intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational
agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, and currency controls or other
political and economic developments in the United States or abroad. Currencies
of emerging market countries have sometimes experienced devaluations relative to
the U.S. dollar, and major devaluations have historically occurred in certain
countries. A devaluation of the currency in which portfolio securities are
denominated will negatively impact the value of those securities.
Except
as otherwise provided in a Fund’s principal investment strategies, a Fund may
take derivatives (or spot) positions in currencies to which the Fund is exposed
through its investments. This presents the risk that a Fund could lose money on
both its currency exposure through a portfolio investment and its currency
exposure through a derivatives (or spot) position. A Fund may take overweighted
or underweighted currency positions and/or hedge the currency exposure of the
securities in which it has invested. A Fund may take positions in currencies
different from the currencies in which its portfolio investments are
denominated. As a result, a Fund’s currency exposure may differ (in some cases
significantly) from the currency exposure of its investments and/or its
benchmarks.
Exposure
to emerging market currencies may entail greater risk than exposure to developed
market currencies. Please see “Emerging Market Country Risk” in this section for
more information.
Investments
in foreign securities or in issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets
may involve greater risks than investments in domestic securities. To the extent
that investments are made in a limited number of countries, events in those
countries will have a more significant impact on the Fund.
As
compared to U.S. companies, foreign issuers generally disclose less financial
and other information publicly and are subject to less stringent and less
uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards. In addition,
there may be limited information generally regarding factors affecting a
particular foreign market, issuer, or security.
Foreign
countries typically impose less thorough regulations on brokers, dealers, stock
exchanges, corporate insiders and listed companies than does the United States
and foreign securities markets may be less liquid and more volatile than
domestic markets. Investment in foreign securities involves higher costs than
investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as
well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments, and as a
result investments in foreign securities may be subject to issues relating to
security registration or settlement. In addition, security trading and custody
practices abroad may offer less protection to investors such as the Funds.
Political, social or financial instability, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions,
wars and acts of terrorism are other potential risks that could adversely affect
an investment in a foreign security or in foreign markets or issuers generally.
Settlement of transactions in some foreign markets may be delayed or may be less
frequent than in the United States which could affect the liquidity of a Fund’s
portfolio. Custody practices and regulations abroad may offer less protection to
investors, such as the Funds, and a Fund may be limited in its ability to
enforce contractual rights or obligations.
-57-
Because
foreign securities generally are denominated and pay dividends or interest in
foreign currencies, and a Fund may hold various foreign currencies from time to
time, the value of a Fund’s assets, as measured in U.S. dollars, can be affected
unfavorably by changes in exchange rates with respect to the U.S. dollar or with
respect to other foreign currencies or by unfavorable currency regulations
imposed by foreign governments. If the Fund invests in securities issued by
foreign issuers, the Fund may be subject to these risks even if the investment
is denominated in United States dollars. This risk may be heightened with
respect to issuers whose revenues are principally earned in a foreign currency
but whose debt obligations have been issued in United States dollars or other
hard currencies.
Because
foreign securities generally are denominated and pay dividends or interest in
foreign currencies, and a Fund may hold various foreign currencies from time to
time, the value of the Fund’s assets, as measured in U.S. dollars, can be
affected unfavorably by changes in exchange rates with respect to the U.S.
dollar or with respect to other foreign currencies or by unfavorable currency
regulations imposed by foreign governments. If the Fund invests in securities
issued by foreign issuers, the Fund may be subject to these risks even if the
investment is denominated in United States dollars. This risk may be heightened
with respect to issuers whose revenues are principally earned in a foreign
currency but whose debt obligations have been issued in United States dollars or
other hard currencies.
Foreign
issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another
country or other governmental or non-governmental organizations, which could
result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities
and/or make their securities worthless. The imposition of such sanctions, such
as sanctions imposed against Russia, Russian entities and Russian individuals in
2022, could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers
and limit a Fund’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities.
Sanctions, or the threat of sanctions, may cause volatility in regional and
global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and
industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative
effect on the performance of a Fund.
Continuing
uncertainty as to the status of the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) and the potential for certain countries
to withdraw from the institution has created significant volatility in currency
and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EU
could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on
the values of a Fund’s portfolio investments. On January 31, 2020, the UK
left the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”).
An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship
became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship
remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. Brexit has
resulted in volatility in European and global markets and could have negative
long-term impacts on financial markets in the UK and throughout Europe. There is
still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences of the
exit and whether the UK’s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries
also departing the EU. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on
not only the UK and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be
significant, potentially resulting in increased market volatility and
illiquidity, political, economic, and legal uncertainty, and lower economic
growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business
activities and revenues. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of
such exits, or the abandonment of the euro, may cause additional market
disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.
If
one or more EMU countries were to stop using the euro as its primary currency, a
Fund’s investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or
newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could
decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other
investments that are redenominated may be subject to liquidity risk and the risk
that a Fund may not be able to value investments accurately to a greater extent
than similar investments currently denominated in euros. To the extent a
currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain
EMU-related investments, or should the euro cease to be used entirely, the
currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such
investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. A Fund may incur
additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other
clarification of the denomination or value of such securities.
Debt
instruments rated below investment grade or debt instruments that are unrated
and of comparable or lesser quality are predominantly speculative. They are
usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings or
by companies with questionable credit strength. These instruments, commonly
known as “junk bonds,” have a higher degree of default risk and may be less
liquid than higher-rated bonds. These instruments may be subject to greater
price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate developments,
interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of high yield investments
generally, general economic downturn, and less secondary market liquidity. This
potential lack of liquidity may make it more difficult for a Fund to value these
instruments accurately. An economic downturn could severely affect the ability
of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt
obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity.
-58-
While
index sponsors generally provide descriptions of what an index is designed to
achieve, index providers do not generally provide any warranty or guarantee or
accept any liability in relation to the quality, accuracy or completeness of
data in respect of their indexes, and do not guarantee that the published
indexes will be in line with their described index methodologies. The Funds and
the Adviser similarly do not provide any warranty, guarantee or acceptance of
liability for an index or the data used.
Errors
in respect of the accuracy or completeness of the data underlying an index may
occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected for a period of
time, if at all. In addition, errors may arise in carrying out an index’s
methodology, or an index provider may incorrectly report information concerning
the index. These risks may be particularly prevalent where an index is less
commonly used. For example, during a period where an index contains incorrect
constituents or when an index provider reports incorrect information regarding
index constituents, a Fund may have market exposure to investments that are not
constituents of the index and may have over- or under-exposure to the index’s
correct constituents. As such, errors may potentially result in a negative or
positive performance impact to a Fund and its shareholders, and may prevent the
Fund from achieving its investment objective. Further, apart from scheduled
rebalances, index providers may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to their
underlying indexes in order, for example, to correct an error in the selection
of index constituents. Where an index is rebalanced and a Fund in turn
rebalances its portfolio to bring it in line with such index, any transaction
and trading costs (including among other things any bid/ask spreads) arising
from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne by the Fund.
Calculation
of an index’s return reflects the deduction of an amount intended to represent
an estimate of the transaction costs of buying and selling the index’s
constituents, which will have the effect of reducing the index’s return.
Although
a Fund or the Adviser may license from an index’s sponsor the right to use an
index as part of implementing the Fund’s principal investment strategies, there
can be no guarantee that the index will be maintained indefinitely or that the
Fund will be able to continue to utilize the selected index to implement its
principal investment strategies indefinitely. In addition, other events could
result in the Fund no longer having the ability to utilize an index to implement
its principal investment strategies (e.g., a Fund may no longer be able to
create cost-effective synthetic investment exposure to an index to pursue all of
its principal investment strategies). In such instances, the Adviser or the
Board of Trustees may substitute an index with another index that they choose in
their sole discretion and without advance notice to the shareholders. If a Fund
selects and uses one or more other indices or other investments as part of its
principal investment strategies, there can be no assurance that any substitute
index, or basket of securities or commodities and other investments, selected
will be similar to an index or basket previously used by the Fund or will
perform in a manner similar to such index or basket. Unavailability of an index
(or a similar index) could affect adversely the ability of the Fund to achieve
its investment objective or desired exposures. The manner in and extent to which
a Fund gains exposure to an index may be limited by the Fund’s intention to
qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income
tax purposes and may bear on the Fund’s ability to so qualify.
Inflation-Indexed
Bond Risk
Inflation-indexed
bonds are fixed income securities whose principal values are periodically
adjusted according to a measure of inflation. If the index measuring inflation
falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward,
and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with
respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the
original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed
in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds. For bonds that do not
provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at
maturity may be less than the original principal. With regard to municipal
inflation-indexed bonds and certain corporate inflation-indexed bonds, the
inflation adjustment is reflected in the semi-annual coupon payment. As a
result, the principal value of municipal inflation-indexed bonds and such
corporate inflation-indexed bonds does not adjust according to the rate of
inflation. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in
response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the
relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If
nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest
rates may rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.
Inflation-indexed bonds may cause a potential cash flow mismatch to investors,
because an increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be
treated as interest income currently subject to tax at ordinary income rates
even though investors will not receive repayment of principal until maturity. If
a Fund invests in such bonds, it will be required to distribute such interest
income in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and
eliminate the Fund-level tax, without a corresponding receipt of cash, and
therefore may be required to dispose of portfolio securities at a time when it
may not be advantageous to do so in order to make such distributions.
Investment
Company and Exchange-Traded Fund Risk
Investments
in open-end and closed-end investment companies, and other pooled investment
vehicles, including any ETFs or money market funds, involve substantially the
same risks as investing directly in the instruments held by these entities.
-59-
However,
the total return from such investments will be reduced by the operating expenses
and fees of the investment company or ETF. A Fund must pay its pro rata portion
of an investment company’s or ETF’s fees and expenses. To the extent the Adviser
determines to invest Fund assets in other investment companies, the Adviser will
have an incentive to invest in other investment vehicles sponsored or advised by
the Adviser or a related party of the Adviser (“other DoubleLine funds”) or other investment
products sponsored or managed by DoubleLine or its related parties over
investment companies or products sponsored or managed by others and to maintain
such investments once made due to its own financial interest in those products
and other business considerations. For example, the Adviser or its related
parties may receive fees based on the amount of assets invested in such other
investment vehicles, which fees may be higher than the fees the Adviser receives
for managing a Fund. Investment by a Fund in those other vehicles may be
beneficial in the management of those other vehicles, by helping to achieve
economies of scale or enhancing cash flows. The Funds’ Adviser or the adviser to
such other DoubleLine funds will reduce their advisory fees to avoid payment of
fees by the Funds for duplicative advisory services. This reduction in advisory
fees will reduce, but will not eliminate, the conflicts described above.
Any
investment company or ETF in which a Fund invests may not achieve its investment
objective or execute its investment strategy effectively, which may adversely
affect the Fund’s performance. Shares of a closed-end investment company or ETF
may expose a Fund to risks associated with leverage and may trade at a premium
or discount to the NAV of the closed-end fund’s or the ETF’s portfolio
securities depending on a variety of factors, including market supply and
demand. Money market mutual funds in which a Fund may invest are subject to Rule
2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and invest in a variety of short-term, high quality,
dollar-denominated money market instruments. Money market funds are not designed
to offer capital appreciation. In addition, certain money market funds may
impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability of
investors to redeem shares if such a fund’s liquidity falls below required
minimums, which may adversely affect a Fund’s returns or liquidity.
Large
Shareholder Risk
Certain
account holders, including the Adviser or funds or accounts over which the
Adviser (or a related party of the Adviser) has investment discretion, may from
time to time own or control a significant percentage of a Fund’s shares. For
example, the Adviser and/or its related parties currently provide asset
allocation investment advice, including recommending the purchase and/or sale of
shares of the Funds, to a number of large investors, and a large percentage of
the DoubleLine Multi-Asset Growth Fund’s shares are currently held by such
investors. The Funds are subject to the risk that a redemption by large
shareholders of all or a portion of their Fund shares or a purchase of Fund
shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent basis, including as a result of
asset allocation decisions made by the Adviser (or a related party of the
Adviser), will adversely affect a Fund’s performance if it is forced to sell
portfolio securities or invest cash when the Adviser would not otherwise choose
to do so. This risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a
substantial portion of the Fund. Redemptions of a large number of shares may
affect the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s transaction
costs and/or lead to the liquidation of the Fund. Such transactions also
potentially limit the use of any capital loss carryforwards and certain other
losses to offset future realized capital gains (if any). Shareholder redemptions
can only be effected in Creation Units.
Leveraging
Risk
The
Funds may use or create investment leverage in seeking to achieve their
respective investment objective. Certain transactions, including, for example,
when-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward commitment purchases, inverse
floaters, loans of portfolio securities, repurchase agreements (or reverse
repurchase agreements), and the use of some derivatives, can result in leverage.
In addition, a Fund may achieve investment leverage by borrowing money. Leverage
generally has the effect of increasing the amounts of loss or gain the Fund
might realize, and creates the likelihood of greater volatility of the value of
the Fund’s investments. In transactions involving leverage, a relatively small
market movement or change in other underlying indicator can lead to
significantly larger losses to a Fund. There is risk of loss in excess of
invested capital. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss,
regardless of the size of the initial investment. The use of leverage may also
require a Fund to liquidate its other holdings at disadvantageous times and
prices in order to satisfy repayment, interest payment or margin obligations.
See “Derivatives Risk” herein and “Borrowing Risk” in the SAI.
Limited
Operating History Risk
The
Funds have a limited operating history for investors to evaluate. Accordingly,
the Funds may not attract sufficient assets to achieve or maximize investment
and operational efficiencies and remain viable. If the Funds fail to achieve
sufficient scale, they may be liquidated.
Liquidity
Risk
Liquidity
risk is the risk that a Fund may invest in securities that trade in lower
volumes and may be less liquid than other investments or that the Fund’s
investments may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse
investor
-60-
perceptions.
Illiquidity may be the result of, for example, low trading volumes, lack of a
market maker, or contractual or legal restrictions that limit or prevent a Fund
from selling securities or closing positions. When there is no willing buyer and
investments cannot be readily sold or closed out, a Fund may have to sell an
investment at a lower price than the price at which the Fund is carrying the
investments, may not be able to sell the investments at all, may miss other
investment opportunities and may hold investments it would prefer to sell, any
of which would have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance and may cause a
Fund to hold an investment longer than the Adviser would otherwise determine. It
is possible that a Fund may be unable to sell a portfolio investment at a
desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed on the investment or that the
Fund may be forced to sell large amounts of securities more quickly than it
normally would in the ordinary course of business. In such a case, the sale
proceeds received by the Fund may be substantially less than if the Fund had
been able to sell the securities in more-orderly transactions, and the sale
price may be substantially lower than the price previously used by the Fund to
value the securities for purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. In addition, if
a Fund sells investments with extended settlement times (e.g., certain kinds of loans (see “Loan
Risk”)), the settlement proceeds from the sales will not be available to meet
the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time. In order to
honor redemptions pending settlement of such investments, a Fund may be forced
to sell other investment positions with shorter settlement cycles when the Fund
would not otherwise have done so, which may adversely affect a Fund’s
performance. If another fund or investment pool in which a Fund invests is not
publicly offered or there is no public market for its shares or accepts
investments subject to certain legal restrictions, such as lock-up periods
implemented by private funds, a Fund will typically be prohibited by the terms
of its investment from selling or redeeming its shares in the fund or pool, or
may not be able to find a buyer for those shares at an acceptable price.
Additionally, the market for certain investments may become illiquid under
adverse market or economic conditions (e.g., if interest rates rise or fall
significantly, if there is significant inflation or deflation, increased selling
of debt securities generally across other funds, pools and accounts, changes in
investor perception, geopolitical events (such as trading halts, sanctions or
wars), or changes in government intervention in the financial markets)
independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular
issuer. In such cases, shares of the Fund, due to limitations on investments in
illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing and selling such securities
or instruments, may decline in value or the Fund may be unable to achieve its
desired level of exposure to a certain issuer or sector. During periods of
substantial market disruption, a large portion of the Fund’s assets could
potentially experience significant levels of illiquidity. The values of illiquid
investments are often more volatile than the values of more liquid investments.
It may be more difficult for a Fund to determine a fair value of an illiquid
investment than those of more liquid comparable investments.
Bond
markets have consistently grown over the past three decades while the growth of
capacity for traditional dealer counterparties to engage in fixed income trading
has not kept pace and in some cases has decreased. As a result, dealer
inventories of certain types of bonds and similar instruments, which provide a
core indication of the ability of financial intermediaries to “make markets,”
are at or near historic lows in relation to market size. Because market makers
provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, the
significant reduction in dealer inventories could potentially lead to decreased
liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Such issues may
be exacerbated during periods of economic uncertainty.
Investments
in loans are generally subject to the same risks as investments in other types
of debt obligations, including, among others, credit risk, interest rate risk,
prepayment risk, and extension risk. In addition, in many cases loans are
subject to the risks associated with below-investment grade securities. This
means loans are often subject to significant credit risks, including a greater
possibility that the borrower will be adversely affected by changes in market or
economic conditions and may default or enter bankruptcy. This risk of default
will increase in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase in
interest rates (which will increase the cost of the borrower’s debt service).
The risks of investing in loans include the risk that the borrowers on loans
held by a Fund may be unable to honor their payment obligations due to adverse
conditions in the industry or industries in which they operate.
The
interest rates on floating rate loans typically adjust only periodically.
Accordingly, adjustments in the interest rate payable under a loan may trail
prevailing interest rates significantly, especially if there are limitations
placed on the amount the interest rate on a loan may adjust in a given period.
Certain floating rate loans have a feature that prevents their interest rates
from adjusting if market interest rates are below a specified minimum level.
When interest rates are low, this feature could result in the interest rates of
those loans becoming fixed at the applicable minimum level until interest rates
rise above that level. Although this feature is intended to result in these
loans yielding more than they otherwise would when interest rates are low, the
feature might also result in the prices of these loans becoming more sensitive
to changes in interest rates should interest rates rise but remain below the
applicable minimum level.
In
addition, investments in loans may be difficult to value and may be illiquid.
Floating rate loans generally are subject to legal or contractual restrictions
on resale. The liquidity of floating rate loans, including the volume and
frequency of secondary
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market
trading in such loans, varies significantly over time and among individual
floating rate loans. For example, if the credit quality of the borrower related
to a floating rate loan unexpectedly declines significantly, secondary market
trading in that floating rate loan can also decline. The secondary market for
loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads, and
extended trade settlement periods, which may increase the expenses of a Fund or
cause the Fund to be unable to realize the full value of its investment in the
loan, resulting in a material decline in the Fund’s NAV.
During
periods of severe market stress, it is possible that the market for loans may
become highly illiquid. In such an event, a Fund may find it difficult to sell
loans it holds, and, for loans it is able to sell in such circumstances, the
trade settlement period may be longer than anticipated.
Investments
in loans through a purchase of a loan, loan origination or a direct assignment
of a financial institution’s interests with respect to a loan may involve
additional risks to a Fund. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a Fund could
become owner, in whole or in part, of any collateral, which could include, among
other assets, real estate or other real or personal property, and would bear the
costs and liabilities associated with owning and holding or disposing of the
collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of
lender liability, a Fund as holder of a partial interest in a loan could be held
liable as co-lender for acts of the agent lender.
Loans
and certain other forms of direct indebtedness may not be classified as
“securities” under the federal securities laws and, therefore, when a Fund
purchases such instruments, it may not be entitled to the protections against
fraud and misrepresentation contained in the federal securities laws. In
addition, a limited number of states require purchasers of certain loans,
primarily consumer loans, to be licensed or registered in order to own the loans
or, in certain states, to collect a rate of interest above a specified rate. As
of the date of this Prospectus, each Fund does not hold any such license or
registration in any states where a license or registration is required, and
there can be no assurance that any Fund will timely or ever obtain any such
licenses or registration.
During
periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of
rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes
dramatically, with respect to loans.
Additional
risks of investments in loans may include:
Agent/Intermediary
Risk. If a Fund holds a loan through another financial
intermediary, as is the case with a participation, or relies on another
financial intermediary to administer the loan, as is the case with most
multi-lender facilities, the Fund’s receipt of principal and interest on the
loan and the value of the Fund’s loan investment will depend at least in part on
the credit standing of the financial intermediary and therefore will be subject
to the credit risk of the intermediary. The Fund will be required to rely upon
the financial intermediary from which it purchases a participation interest to
collect and pass on to the Fund such payments and to enforce the Fund’s rights
and may not be able to cause the financial intermediary to take what it
considers to be appropriate action. As a result, an insolvency, bankruptcy or
reorganization of the financial intermediary may delay or prevent the Fund from
receiving principal, interest and other amounts with respect to the Fund’s
interest in the loan. In addition, if a Fund relies on a financial intermediary
to administer a loan, the Fund is subject to the risk that the financial
intermediary may be unwilling or unable to demand and receive payments from the
borrower in respect of the loan, or otherwise unwilling or unable to perform its
administrative obligations.
Collateral Impairment
Risk. Even if a loan to which the Fund is exposed is secured,
there can be no assurance that the collateral will, when recovered and
liquidated, generate sufficient (or any) funds to offset any losses associated
with a defaulting loan. This risk is increased if the Fund’s loans are secured
by a single asset. In addition, a Fund’s interest in collateral securing a loan
may be found invalid or may be used to pay other outstanding obligations of the
borrower under applicable law. In the event that a borrower defaults, a Fund’s
access to the collateral may be limited by bankruptcy and other insolvency laws.
There is also the risk that the collateral may be difficult to liquidate, that
all or some of the collateral may be illiquid, or that a Fund’s rights to
collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws. A Fund may have to
participate in legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets that
secure the issuer’s obligations. This could increase a Fund’s operating expenses
and decrease its NAV.
Highly Leveraged
Transactions Risk. A Fund may invest in loans made in connection
with highly leveraged transactions. These transactions may include operating
loans, leveraged buyout loans, leveraged capitalization loans and other types of
acquisition financing. Those loans are subject to greater credit and liquidity
risks than other types of loans. If a Fund voluntarily or involuntarily sold
those types of loans, it might not receive the full value it expected.
Stressed, Distressed
or Defaulted Borrowers Risk.
A Fund can also invest in loans of borrowers that are experiencing, or
are likely to experience, financial difficulty. These loans are subject to
greater credit and liquidity risks than other types of
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loans
and are generally considered speculative. In addition, a Fund can invest in
loans of borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection or that have had
involuntary bankruptcy petitions filed against them by creditors. Various laws
enacted for the protection of debtors may apply to loans. A bankruptcy
proceeding or other court proceeding could delay or limit the ability of a Fund
to collect the principal and interest payments on that borrower’s loans or
adversely affect a Fund’s rights in collateral relating to a loan. If a lawsuit
is brought by creditors of a borrower under a loan, a court or a trustee in
bankruptcy could take certain actions that would be adverse to a Fund. For
example:
|
• |
|
Other
creditors might convince the court to set aside a loan or the
collateralization of the loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” or
“preferential transfer.” In that event, the court could recover from the
Fund the interest and principal payments that the borrower made before
becoming insolvent. There can be no assurance that the Fund would be able
to prevent that recapture. |
|
• |
|
A
bankruptcy court may restructure the payment obligations under the loan so
as to reduce the amount to which the Fund would be entitled.
|
|
• |
|
The
court might discharge the amount of the loan that exceeds the value of the
collateral. |
|
• |
|
The
court could subordinate the Fund’s rights to the rights of other creditors
of the borrower under applicable law, decreasing, potentially
significantly, the likelihood of any recovery on the Fund’s investment.
|
Limited Information
Risk. Because there is limited public information available
regarding loan investments, a Fund’s investments in such instruments are
particularly dependent on the analytical abilities of the Fund’s portfolio
managers.
Interest Rate
Benchmarks Risk. Interest rates on loans typically adjust
periodically, often based on changes in a benchmark rate plus a premium or
spread over the benchmark rate. The benchmark rate may be the Secured Overnight
Financing Rate , the Prime Rate, or other base lending rates used by commercial
lenders (each as defined in the applicable loan agreement).
Some
benchmark rates may reset daily; others reset less frequently. Certain floating
or variable rate loans may permit the borrower to select an interest rate reset
period of up to one year or longer. Investing in loans with longer interest rate
reset periods may increase fluctuations in a Fund’s NAV as a result of changes
in interest rates. Interest rates on loans with longer periods between benchmark
resets will typically trail market interest rates in a rising interest rate
environment.
Certain
loans may permit the borrower to change the base lending or benchmark rate
during the term of the loan. One benchmark rate may not adjust to changing
market or interest rates to the same degree or as rapidly as another, permitting
the borrower the option to select the benchmark rate that is most advantageous
to it and less advantageous to the Fund. To the extent the borrower elects this
option, the interest income and total return the Fund earns on the investment
may be adversely affected as compared to other investments where the borrower
does not have the option to change the base lending or benchmark rate.
Restrictive Loan
Covenants Risk. Borrowers must comply with various restrictive
covenants that may be contained in loan agreements. They may include
restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to stockholders,
provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific financial ratios, and
limits on total debt. They may include requirements that the borrower prepay the
loan with any free cash flow. A break of a covenant that is not waived by the
agent bank (or the lenders) is normally an event of default that provides the
agent bank or the lenders the right to call the outstanding amount on the loan.
If a lender accelerates the repayment of a loan because of the borrower’s
violation of a restrictive covenant under the loan agreement, the borrower might
default in payment of the loan.
Some
of the loans in which a Fund may invest or to which a Fund may obtain exposure
may be “covenant-lite.” Such loans contain fewer or less restrictive constraints
on the borrower than certain other types of loans. Such loans generally do not
include terms which allow the lender to monitor the performance of the borrower
and declare a default or force a borrower into bankruptcy restructuring if
certain criteria are breached. Under such loans, lenders typically must rely on
covenants that restrict a borrower from incurring additional debt or engaging in
certain actions. Such covenants can be breached only by an affirmative action of
the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial
condition. Accordingly, a Fund may have fewer rights against a borrower when it
invests in or has exposure to such loans and so may have a greater risk of loss
on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with
additional or more conventional covenants.
Senior Loan and
Subordination Risk. In addition to the risks typically associated
with debt securities and loans generally, senior loans are also subject to the
risk that a court could subordinate a senior loan, which typically holds a
senior
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position
in the capital structure of a borrower, to presently existing or future
indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of senior loans.
A
Fund’s investments in senior loans may be collateralized with one or more of
(1) working capital assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory,
(2) tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment,
(3) intangible assets such as trademarks or patents, or (4) security
interests in shares of stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates.
In the case of loans to a non-public company, the company’s shareholders or
owners may provide collateral in the form of secured guarantees and/or security
interests in assets they own. However, the value of the collateral may decline
after a Fund buys the senior loan, particularly if the collateral consists of
equity securities of the borrower or its affiliates. If a borrower defaults,
insolvency laws may limit a Fund’s access to the collateral, or the lenders may
be unable to liquidate the collateral. A bankruptcy court might find that the
collateral securing the senior loan is invalid or require the borrower to use
the collateral to pay other outstanding obligations. If the collateral consists
of stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries, the stock may lose all of its
value in the event of a bankruptcy, which would leave the Fund exposed to
greater potential loss. As a result, a collateralized senior loan may not be
fully collateralized and can decline significantly in value.
If
a borrower defaults on a collateralized senior loan, a Fund may receive assets
other than cash or securities in full or partial satisfaction of the borrower’s
obligation under the senior loan. Those assets may be illiquid, and a Fund might
not be able to realize the benefit of the assets for legal, practical or other
reasons. A Fund might hold those assets until the Adviser determined it was
appropriate to dispose of them. If the collateral becomes illiquid or loses some
or all of its value, the collateral may not be sufficient to protect a Fund in
the event of a default of scheduled interest or principal payments.
A
Fund can invest in senior loans that are not secured. If the borrower is unable
to pay interest or defaults in the payment of principal, there will be no
collateral on which the Fund can foreclose. Therefore, these loans typically
present greater risks than collateralized senior loans.
Due
to restrictions on transfers in loan agreements and the nature of the private
syndication of senior loans including, for example, the lack of
publicly-available information, some senior loans are not as easily purchased or
sold as publicly-traded securities. Some senior loans and other Fund investments
are illiquid, which may make it difficult for a Fund to value them or dispose of
them at an acceptable price. Direct investments in senior loans and investments
in participation interests in or assignments of senior loans may be limited.
Settlement Risk.
Transactions in many loans settle on a delayed basis, and a Fund
may not receive the proceeds from the sale of such loans for a substantial
period after the sale. As a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of such
loans may not be available to make additional investments or to meet a Fund’s
redemption obligations until potentially a substantial period after the sale of
the loans.
Servicer Risk.
A Fund’s direct and indirect investments in loans are typically
serviced by the originating lender or a third-party servicer. In the event that
the servicer is unable to service the loan, there can be no guarantee that a
backup servicer will be able to assume responsibility for servicing the loans in
a timely or cost-effective manner; any resulting disruption or delay could
jeopardize payments due to a Fund in respect of its investments or increase the
costs associated with a Fund’s investments.
Foreign Loan
Risk. Loans involving foreign borrowers may involve risks not
ordinarily associated with exposure to loans to U.S. entities and individuals.
The foreign lending industry may be subject to less governmental supervision and
regulation than exists in the United States; conversely, foreign regulatory
regimes applicable to the lending industry may be more complex and more
restrictive than those in the United States, resulting in higher costs
associated with such investments, and such regulatory regimes may be subject to
interpretation or change without prior notice to investors, such as a Fund.
Foreign lending may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and financial
reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the United States. Due
to differences in legal systems, there may be difficulty in obtaining or
enforcing a court judgment outside the United States.
Lender Liability.
A number of judicial decisions have upheld judgments of borrowers
against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories,
collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally, lender liability is founded
on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or
contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a
similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed an excessive degree of control
over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the
borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. If a loan held by a Fund were
found to have been made or serviced under circumstances that give rise to lender
liability, the borrower’s
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obligation
to repay that loan could be reduced or eliminated or a Fund’s recovery on that
loan could be otherwise impaired, which would adversely impact the value of that
loan. In limited cases, courts have subordinated the loans of a senior lender to
a borrower to claims of other creditors of the borrower when the senior lender
or its agents, such as a loan servicer, is found to have engaged in unfair,
inequitable or fraudulent conduct with respect to the other creditors. If a loan
held by a Fund were subject to such subordination, it would be junior in right
of payment to other indebtedness of the borrower, which could adversely impact
the value of that loan.
Market Capitalization Risk
Stocks
fall into three broad market capitalization categories — large, medium and
small. A Fund that invests substantially in one of these categories carries the
risk that due to current market conditions that category may be out of favor
with investors.
If
valuations of large capitalization companies appear to be greatly out of
proportion to the valuations of small or medium capitalization companies,
investors may migrate to the stocks of small and medium-sized companies. Larger,
more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive
challenges such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Larger companies
also may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller
companies.
Investing
in medium and small capitalization companies may involve special risks because
those companies may have a narrower focus, more limited financial resources,
fewer experienced managers, dependence on a few key employees, a more limited
trading market for their stocks, and less publicly available information, as
compared with larger companies. In addition, securities of these companies are
subject to the risk that, during certain periods, the liquidity of particular
issuers or industries will shrink or disappear with little forewarning as a
result of adverse economic or market conditions, or adverse investor
perceptions, whether or not accurate. Securities of medium and smaller
capitalization issuers may therefore be subject to greater price volatility and
may decline more significantly in market downturns than securities of larger
companies. Smaller and medium capitalization issuers may also require
substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion
or to maintain their competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings
or may otherwise have a weak financial condition, and may be susceptible to
bankruptcy. Transaction costs for these investments are often higher than those
of larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available
information about medium and small capitalization companies.
Market
Risk
Various
market risks can affect the price or liquidity of an issuer’s securities in
which a Fund may invest. The prices of investments can fall rapidly in response
to developments affecting a specific company, industry, sector or asset class,
or to changing economic, political, demographic, market or other conditions that
can affect markets broadly, including disruptions caused by trade disputes,
natural disasters, epidemics or pandemics, terrorism, or other events.
Returns
from the securities in which a Fund invests may underperform returns from the
various general securities markets. Different types of securities tend to go
through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the
general securities markets. Adverse events occurring with respect to an issuer’s
performance or financial position can depress the value of the issuer’s
securities. The liquidity in a market for a particular security will affect its
value and may be affected by factors relating to the issuer, as well as the
depth of the market for that security. Other market risks that can affect value
include a market’s current attitudes about types of securities, market reactions
to political or economic events, including litigation, and tax and regulatory
effects (including lack of adequate regulations for a market or particular type
of instrument).
During
periods of severe market stress, it is possible that the market for some or all
of a Fund’s investments may become highly illiquid. In such an event, a Fund may
find it difficult to sell its investments, and, for investments it is able to
sell in such circumstances, the sales price may be significantly lower, and the
trade settlement period may be longer, than anticipated.
Events
leading to limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse
developments that affect one industry, such as the financial services industry,
or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds, have in the past and may
in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, may spread to other
industries, and could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s
investments. For example, in response to the rapidly declining financial
condition of regional banks SVB and Signature, the CDFPI and the NYSDFS closed
SVB and Signature on March 10, 2023 and March 12, 2023, respectively,
and the FDIC was appointed as receiver for SVB and Signature. Although the U.S.
Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC have taken measures
to stabilize the financial system, uncertainty and liquidity concerns in the
broader financial services industry remain. Additionally, should there be
additional systemic pressure on the financial system and capital markets, there
can be no assurances of the response of any government or regulator, and any
response may not be as favorable to industry participants as the measures
currently being pursued. In addition, highly publicized issues related to the
U.S. and global
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capital
markets in the past have led to significant and widespread investor concerns
over the integrity of the capital markets. The current situation related to SVB,
Signature and other regional banks could in the future lead to further rules and
regulations for public companies, banks, financial institutions and other
participants in the U.S. and global capital markets, and complying with the
requirements of any such rules or regulations may be burdensome. Even if not
adopted, evaluating and responding to any such proposed rules or regulations
could result in increased costs and require significant attention from the
Adviser.
Events
surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to significant market
volatility, reductions in economic activity, market closures, and declines in
global financial markets. These effects and the effects of other infectious
illness outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics may be short term or may last for an
extended period of time, and in either case could result in a substantial
economic downturn or recession. Governmental responses may exacerbate other
pre-existing political, social, economic, market and financial risks. These
events may have a significant adverse effect on a Fund’s performance and on the
liquidity of a Fund’s investments, impair a Fund’s ability to satisfy redemption
requests, and have the potential to impair the ability of the Adviser’s or a
Fund’s other service providers to serve a Fund and could lead to operational
disruptions that negatively impact a Fund.
Markets
may, in response to governmental actions or intervention, or general market
conditions, including real or perceived adverse political, economic or market
conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation, recession, changes in
interest or currency rates, lack of liquidity in the bond markets or adverse
investor sentiment or other events, including a public health crisis, experience
periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity. During those periods, the
Funds may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions, which may only
occur in Creation Units. To satisfy such redemptions, the Fund may have to sell
securities at times when they would otherwise not do so, and potentially at
unfavorable prices. Securities may be difficult to value during such periods.
Market risk involves the risk that the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio
will change, potentially frequently and in large amounts, as the prices of its
investments go up or down. During periods of severe market stress, it is
possible that the market for some or all of a Fund’s investments may become
highly volatile and/or illiquid. In such an event, the Fund may find it
difficult to sell some or all of its investments and, for certain assets, the
trade settlement period may be longer than anticipated. The fewer the number of
issuers in which a Fund invests and/or the greater the use of leverage, the
greater the potential volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Recently, there have
been inflationary price movements, which have caused the fixed income securities
markets to experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and
liquidity risk. The U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates from
historically low levels and may continue to do so. Please refer to “Debt
Securities Risks – Interest Rate Risk” above.
The
United States government and the Federal Reserve and foreign governments and
central banks may take steps to support financial markets. They might, for
example, take steps to support markets and economic activity generally and to
set or maintain low interest rates, such as by purchasing bonds or making
financing broadly available to investors. Such actions may be intended to
support certain asset classes or segments of the markets, but not others, and
can have disproportionate, adverse, and unexpected effects on some asset classes
or sectors, including those in which a Fund invests. For example, efforts by
governments to provide debt relief to certain consumers or market participants
or to support certain aspects of the market could significantly and adversely
affect the value of a Fund’s investments, a Fund’s earnings, or a Fund’s risk
profile, and have other unintended or unexpected effects. Other measures taken
by governments and regulators, including, for example, steps to reverse,
withdraw, curtail or taper such activities, could have a material adverse effect
on prices for a Fund’s portfolio of investments and on the management of the
Funds. The withdrawal of support, failure of efforts in response to a financial
or other crisis, or investor perception that those efforts are not succeeding
could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the values and
liquidity of a Fund’s investments.
Federal,
state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory
organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the securities in
which a Fund invests or the issuers of such securities in ways that are
unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation also may change the way in which the
Funds or the Adviser are regulated. Such legislation, regulation, or other
government action could limit or preclude a Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective and affect the Fund’s performance.
Political,
social or financial instability, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions, wars,
natural disasters and acts of terrorism are other potential risks that could
adversely affect a Fund’s investments or markets generally. In addition,
political developments in foreign countries or the United States may at times
subject such countries to sanctions from the U.S. government, foreign
governments and/or international institutions that could negatively affect a
Fund’s investments in issuers located in, doing business in or with assets in
such countries. Any or all of the risks described herein can increase some or
all of the other risks associated with a Fund’s investments, including, among
others, counterparty risk, debt securities risks, liquidity risk, and valuation
risk.
Continuing
uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the EMU and the potential for
certain countries (such as those in the UK) to withdraw from the institution has
created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any
partial or
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complete
dissolution of the EU could have significant adverse effects on currency and
financial markets, and on the values of a Fund’s portfolio investments. In January 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew
from the EU. During an 11-month transition period, the UK and the EU agreed to a
Trade and Cooperation Agreement which sets out the agreement for certain parts
of the future relationship between the EU and the UK from January 1, 2021.
The Trade and Cooperation Agreement does not include an agreement on financial
services which is yet to be agreed. From January 1, 2021, EU law ceased to
apply in the UK. However, many EU laws have been transposed into English law and
these transposed laws will continue to apply until such time as they are
repealed, replaced or amended. Depending on the terms of any future agreement
between the EU and the UK on financial services, substantial amendments to
English law may occur. Significant uncertainty remains in the market regarding
the ramifications of these developments, and the range and potential
implications of possible political, regulatory, economic and market outcomes are
difficult to predict. The markets may be further disrupted and adversely
affected by the withdrawal at various times given the uncertainty surrounding
the country’s trade, financial, and other arrangements.
Russia’s
invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the resulting responses by the United
States and other countries, and the potential for wider conflict could increase
volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets and adversely affect
regional and global economies. The United States and other countries have
imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia, certain Russian individuals,
banking entities and corporations, and Belarus as a response to Russia’s
invasion of Ukraine, and may impose sanctions on other countries that provide
military or economic support to Russia. The extent and duration of Russia’s
military actions and the repercussions of such actions (including any
retaliatory actions or countermeasures that may be taken by those subject to
sanctions, including cyber attacks) are impossible to predict, but could result
in significant market disruptions, including in certain industries or sectors,
such as the oil and natural gas markets, and may negatively affect global supply
chains, inflation and global growth. These and any related events could
significantly impact a Fund’s performance and the value of an investment in the
Fund, even if the Fund does not have direct exposure to Russian issuers or
issuers in other countries affected by the invasion.
A
Fund may continue to accept new subscriptions and to make additional investments
in instruments in accordance with the Fund’s principal investment strategies to
strive to meet the Fund’s investment objective under all types of market
conditions, including unfavorable market conditions.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-backed
securities include, among other things, participation interests in pools of
residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency
or originated and issued by private lenders and involve, among others, the
following risks:
Credit and Market
Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities. Investments by a Fund in
fixed rate and floating rate mortgage-backed securities will entail credit risks
(i.e., the risk of non-payment of
interest and principal) and market risks (i.e., the risk that interest rates and other
factors could cause the value of the instrument to decline). Many issuers or
servicers of mortgage-backed securities guarantee timely payment of interest and
principal on the securities, whether or not payments are made when due on the
underlying mortgages. This kind of guarantee generally increases the quality of
a security, but does not mean that the security’s market value and yield will
not change. The values of mortgage-backed securities may change because of
changes in the market’s perception of the credit quality of the assets held by
the issuer of the mortgage-backed securities or an entity, if any, providing
credit support in respect of the mortgage-backed securities. In addition, an
unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may
limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest
to a Fund as a holder of such securities, reducing the values of those
securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The Funds also may
purchase securities that are not guaranteed or subject to any credit support, or
that are subordinate in their right to receive payment of interest and repayment
of principal to other classes of the issuer’s securities. An investment in a
privately issued mortgage-backed security is generally less liquid and subject
to greater credit risks than an investment in a mortgage-backed security that is
issued or otherwise guaranteed by a federal government agency or sponsored
corporation.
Mortgage-backed
securities may be structured similarly to CDOs and may be subject to similar
risks. See “— Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk” in the Prospectus and SAI
for more information. For example, the cash flows from the collateral underlying
the mortgage-backed security may be split into two or more portions, called
tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches are paid from the cash
flows from the underlying assets before the junior tranches and equity or “first
loss” tranches. Losses are first borne by the equity tranches, next by the
junior tranches, and finally by the senior tranches. Interest holders in senior
tranches are entitled to the lowest interest rates but are generally subject to
less credit risk than more junior tranches because, should there be any default,
senior tranches are typically paid first. The most junior tranches, such as
equity tranches, typically are due to be paid the highest interest rates but
suffer the highest risk of loss should the holder of an underlying mortgage loan
default. If some loans default and the cash collected by the issuer of the
mortgage-backed security is insufficient to pay all of its investors, those in
the lowest, most junior tranches suffer losses first.
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Like
bond investments, the value of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities will tend
to rise when interest rates fall, and fall when rates rise. Floating rate
mortgage-backed securities generally tend to have more moderate changes in price
when interest rates rise or fall, but their current yield will generally be
affected. In addition, the mortgage-backed securities market in general may be
adversely affected by changes in governmental legislation or regulation. Factors
that could affect the value of a mortgage-backed security include, among other
things, the types and amounts of insurance, if any, which an individual mortgage
or that specific mortgage-backed security carries, the default and delinquency
rate of the mortgage pool, the amount of time the mortgage loan has been
outstanding, the loan-to-value ratio of each mortgage and the amount of
overcollateralization or undercollateralization of a mortgage pool. A Fund may
invest in mortgage-backed securities that are subordinate in their right to
receive payment of interest and repayment of principal to other classes of the
issuer’s securities.
The
residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced difficulties at
times, and the same or similar events may adversely affect the performance and
market value of certain of a Fund’s mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies
and losses on residential mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien
mortgage loans) generally increase in a recession and potentially could begin to
increase again. A decline in or flattening of housing values (as has been
experienced and may again be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate
such delinquencies and losses. Borrowers with adjustable rate mortgage loans may
be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly
mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at
comparably low interest rates. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan
originators have experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy.
Reduced investor demand for mortgage-related securities has resulted and again
may result in limited new issuances of mortgage-related securities and limited
liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can
adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities and limit the
availability of attractive investment opportunities for a Fund. It is possible
that such limited liquidity in secondary markets could return and worsen.
Ongoing
developments in the residential and commercial mortgage markets may have
additional consequences for the market for mortgage-backed securities. During
periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of
rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes
dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving mortgage loans. Many
so-called sub-prime mortgage pools have become distressed during periods of
economic distress and may trade at significant discounts to their face value
during such periods.
Additionally,
mortgage lenders may adjust their loan programs and underwriting standards,
which may reduce the availability of mortgage credit to prospective mortgagors.
This may result in reduced availability of financing alternatives for mortgagors
seeking to refinance their mortgage loans. The reduced availability of
refinancing options for mortgagors may result in higher rates of delinquencies,
defaults and losses on mortgage loans, particularly in the case of, but not
limited to, mortgagors with adjustable rate mortgage loans or interest-only
mortgage loans that experience significant increases in their monthly payments
following the adjustment date or the end of the interest-only period (see
“Adjustable Rate Mortgages” below for further discussion of adjustable rate
mortgage risks). These events, alone or in combination with each other and with
deteriorating economic conditions in the general economy, may contribute to
higher delinquency and default rates on mortgage loans. Tighter underwriting
guidelines for residential mortgage loans, together with lower levels of home
sales and reduced refinance activity, also may contribute to a reduction in the
prepayment rate for mortgage loans generally. The values of mortgage-backed
securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying
mortgage pools, and therefore are subject to risks associated with the
negligence or malfeasance by their servicers and to the credit risk of their
servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation
also may affect the rights of security holders in and to the underlying
collateral.
The
U. S. government conservatorship of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(“Freddie Mac”) and Fannie Mae in
September 2008 and its ultimate resolution may adversely affect the real estate
market, the value of real estate-related assets generally and markets generally.
In addition, there may be proposals from the U.S. Congress or other branches of
the U.S. government regarding the conservatorship, including regarding reforming
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac or winding down their operations, which may or may
not come to fruition. There can be no assurance that such proposals, even those
that are not adopted, will not adversely affect the values of the Funds’ assets.
The
Federal Housing Finance Agent (“FHFA”),
as conservator or receiver of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, has the power to
repudiate any contract entered into by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac prior to its
appointment if it determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and
repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of Fannie Mae’s
or Freddie Mac’s affairs. In the event the guaranty obligations of Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac are repudiated, the payments of interest to holders of Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the
mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such
mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the
servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty
obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such
mortgage-backed security holders.
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Further,
in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or
sell any asset or liability of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac without any approval,
assignment or consent. If FHFA were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to
another party, holders of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities
would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and
would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
Liquidity Risk of
Mortgage-Backed Securities. The liquidity of mortgage-backed
securities varies by type of security; at certain times a Fund may encounter
difficulty in disposing of such investments. Investments in privately issued
mortgage-backed securities may have less liquidity than mortgage-backed
securities that are issued by a federal government agency or sponsored
corporation. Because mortgage-backed securities have the potential to be less
liquid than other securities, a Fund may be more susceptible to liquidity risks
than funds that invest in other securities. In the past, in stressed markets,
certain types of mortgage-backed securities suffered periods of illiquidity when
disfavored by the market. It is possible that a Fund may be unable to sell a
mortgage-backed security at a desirable time or at the value the Fund has placed
on the investment.
Commercial
Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”) Risks. CMBS include securities
that reflect an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial
real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed
securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the
underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other
economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan
payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial
mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price
volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
Prepayment, Extension
and Redemption Risks of Mortgage-Backed Securities.
Mortgage-backed securities may reflect an interest in monthly
payments made by the borrowers who receive the underlying mortgage loans.
Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such
as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and historically have often paid them off
sooner. When a prepayment happens, a portion of the mortgage-backed security
which represents an interest in the underlying mortgage loan will be prepaid. A
borrower is more likely to prepay a mortgage which bears a relatively high rate
of interest. This means that in times of declining interest rates, a portion of
the Fund’s higher yielding securities are likely to be redeemed and the Fund
will probably be unable to replace them with securities having as great a yield.
Prepayments can result in lower yields to shareholders. The increased likelihood
of prepayment when interest rates decline also limits market price appreciation.
This is known as prepayment risk. Mortgage-backed securities also are subject to
extension risk. Extension risk is the possibility that rising interest rates may
cause prepayments to occur at a slower than expected rate. This particular risk
may effectively change a security which was considered short or intermediate
term into a long-term security. The values of long-term securities generally
fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than short or
intermediate-term securities. In addition, a mortgage-backed security may be
subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a mortgage-backed security
held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the
issuer to redeem or pay-off the security, which could have an adverse effect on
the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Collateralized
Mortgage Obligations. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by
mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. The expected average life of
CMOs is determined using mathematical models that incorporate prepayment
assumptions and other factors that involve estimates of future economic and
market conditions. These estimates may vary from actual future results,
particularly during periods of extreme market volatility. Further, under certain
market conditions, the average weighted life of certain CMOs may not accurately
reflect the price volatility of such securities. For example, in periods of
supply and demand imbalances in the market for such securities and/or in periods
of sharp interest rate movements, the prices of CMOs may fluctuate to a greater
extent than would be expected from interest rate movements alone. CMOs issued by
private entities are not obligations issued or guaranteed by the U. S.
Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and are not guaranteed by any
government agency, although the securities underlying a CMO may be subject to a
guarantee. Therefore, if the collateral securing the CMO, as well as any third
party credit support or guarantees, is insufficient to make payments when due,
the holder could sustain a loss.
Adjustable Rate
Mortgages. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (“ARMs”) contain maximum and minimum rates beyond
which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security.
In addition, many ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount
by which the mortgage interest rate may adjust for any single adjustment period.
Alternatively, certain ARMs contain limitations on changes in the required
monthly payment. In the event that a monthly payment is not sufficient to pay
the interest accruing on an ARM, any excess interest is added to the principal
balance of the mortgage loan, which is repaid through future monthly payments.
If the monthly payment for such an instrument exceeds the sum of the interest
accrued at the applicable mortgage interest rate and the principal payment
required at such point to amortize the outstanding principal balance over the
remaining term of the loan, the excess is used to reduce the then-outstanding
principal balance of the ARM.
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In
addition, certain ARMs may provide for an initial fixed, below-market or teaser
interest rate. During this initial fixed-rate period, the payment due from the
related mortgagor may be less than that of a traditional loan. However, after
the teaser rate expires, the monthly payment required to be made by the
mortgagor may increase significantly when the interest rate on the mortgage loan
adjusts. This increased burden on the mortgagor may increase the risk of
delinquency or default on the mortgage loan and in turn, losses on the
mortgage-backed security into which that loan has been bundled.
Interest and
Principal Only Securities Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed
securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different
portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of debt
instruments, such as mortgage loans. In one type of stripped mortgage-backed
security, one class will receive all of the interest from the mortgage assets
(the interest-only, or “IO” class), while
the other class will receive all of the principal from the mortgage assets (the
principal-only, or “PO” class). The yield
to maturity (the expected rate of return on a bond if held until the end of its
lifetime) on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal
payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid
rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield
to maturity from these securities. If the assets underlying the IO class
experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to
recoup fully, or at all, its initial investment in these securities. PO class
securities tend to decline in value if prepayments are slower than anticipated.
The values of interest-only and principal-only securities are especially
sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but
can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those
investments.
Inverse Floaters and
Related Securities Risk. Investments in inverse floaters and
similar instruments expose a Fund to the same risks as investments in debt
securities and derivatives, as well as other risks, including those associated
with leverage and increased volatility. An investment in these securities
typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate security.
Distributions on inverse floaters and similar instruments will typically bear an
inverse relationship to short-term interest rates and typically will be reduced
or, potentially, eliminated as interest rates rise. The rate at which interest
is paid on an inverse floater may vary by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude
of the change in a reference rate of interest (typically a short-term interest
rate), and the market prices of inverse floaters may as a result be highly
sensitive to changes in interest rates and in prepayment rates on the underlying
securities, and may decrease in value significantly when interest rates or
prepayment rates change. The effect of the reference rate multiplier in inverse
floaters is associated with greater volatility in their market values.
Investments in inverse floaters and similar instruments that have
mortgage-backed securities underlying them will expose a Fund to the risks
associated with those mortgage-backed securities and the values of those
investments may be especially sensitive to changes in prepayment rates on the
underlying mortgage-backed securities.
Mortgage-backed
securities are a type of asset-backed security and therefore are subject to the
risks described above under “Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk.”
Non-Diversification
Risk
A
non-diversified Fund may invest its assets in a smaller number of issuers than
may a diversified fund. A non-diversified Fund may be more susceptible to any
single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund
investing in a broader range of issuers. A decline in the market value of one of
a non-diversified Fund’s investments may affect the Fund’s value more than if
the Fund were a diversified fund. Some of the issuers in which a non-diversified
Fund invests also may present substantial credit or other risks.
Operational
and Information Security Risks
The
Funds and their service providers depend on complex information technology and
communications systems to conduct business functions, making them susceptible to
operational and information security risks. Any problems relating to the
performance and effectiveness of security procedures used by a Fund or its
service providers to protect a Fund’s assets, such as algorithms, codes,
passwords, multiple signature systems, encryption and telephone call-backs, may
have an adverse impact on an investment in a Fund. For example, design or system
failures or malfunctions, human error, faulty software or data processing
systems, power or communications outages, acts of God, or cyber-attacks may lead
to operational disruptions and potential losses to a Fund. Cyber-attacks
include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or
digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of
confidential information and causing operational disruption. Successful
cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, a Fund or its Adviser,
custodians, fund accountant, fund administrator, transfer agent, pricing vendors
and/or other third party service providers may adversely impact the Funds and
their shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or other operational issues may
interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s
ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder
information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational
damage, and subject a Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or
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financial
losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance
costs. The Funds also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk
management in order to guard against any cyber incidents in the future.
Furthermore, as a Fund’s assets grow, it may become a more appealing target for
cybersecurity threats such as hackers and malware. In general, cyber-attacks
result from deliberate attacks but unintentional events may have effects similar
to those caused by cyber-attacks. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to
fraudulently induce employees of a Fund or the Adviser or the Fund’s service
providers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to a Fund’s
infrastructure. Similar types of risks also are present for issuers of
securities in which the Funds invest, which could result in material adverse
consequences for such issuers, and may cause a Fund’s investment in such
securities to lose value. In addition, cyberattacks involving a counterparty to
a Fund could affect such a counterparty’s ability to meets it obligations to the
Fund, which may result in losses to the Fund and its shareholders. In addition,
the adoption of work-from-home arrangements by the Funds, the Adviser or their
service providers could increase all of the above risks, create additional data
and information accessibility concerns, and make the Funds, the Adviser or their
service providers more susceptible to operational disruptions, any of which
could adversely impact their operations. While the Funds or their service
providers may have established business continuity plans and systems designed to
guard against such operational failures and cyber-attacks and the adverse
effects of such events, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems
including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, in large
part because different, evolving or unknown threats or risks may emerge in the
future. The Adviser and the Funds do not control the business continuity and
cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers,
and such third-party service providers may have no or limited indemnification
obligations to the Adviser or the Funds.
Portfolio
Turnover Risk
The
length of time a Fund has held a particular security is not generally a
consideration in investment decisions. A change in the securities held by a Fund
is known as portfolio turnover. Portfolio turnover generally involves a number
of direct and indirect costs and expenses to a Fund, including, for example,
brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and bid/ask spreads, and transaction
costs on the sale of securities and reinvestment in other securities, and may
result in the realization of taxable capital gains (including short-term capital
gains, which are generally taxable to shareholders subject to tax at ordinary
income rates). Such costs are not reflected in a Fund’s Total Annual Fund
Operating Expenses set forth under “Fees and Expenses” but do have the effect of
reducing the Fund’s investment return. A Fund and its shareholders will also
share in the costs and tax effects of portfolio turnover in any underlying funds
in which a Fund invests.
Real
Estate Sector Risk
The
value of a Fund’s portfolio could change in light of factors affecting the real
estate sector. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real
property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of
construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels
of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, and local, regional,
and general market conditions. The value of real estate-related investments also
may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and
social and economic trends.
To
the extent that a Fund invests in real estate related investments, including
REITs, real estate-related loans or real-estate linked derivative instruments,
it will be subject to the risks associated with owning real estate and with the
real estate industry generally. These include difficulties in valuing and
disposing of real estate, the possibility of declines in the value of real
estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, the possibility
of adverse changes in the climate for real estate, environmental liability
risks, the risk of increases in property taxes and operating expenses, possible
adverse changes in zoning laws, the risk of casualty or condemnation losses,
limitations on rents, the possibility of adverse changes in interest rates and
in the credit markets and the possibility of borrowers paying off mortgages
sooner than expected, which may lead to reinvestment of assets at lower
prevailing interest rates. To the extent that a Fund invests in REITs, it will
also be subject to the risk that a REIT may default on its obligations or go
bankrupt. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder will
indirectly bear his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the REITs. A
Fund’s investments in REITs could cause a Fund to recognize income in excess of
cash received from those securities and, as a result, a Fund may be required to
sell portfolio securities, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in
order to make distributions. An investment in a REIT or a real estate-linked
derivative instrument that is linked to the value of a REIT is subject to
additional risks, such as poor
Commercial
real estate-related investments may decline in value as a result of factors
affecting the real estate sector (and, in particular, the commercial real estate
markets), such as the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in
zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate
values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, and local, regional, and
general market conditions. Commercial real estate loans are secured by
commercial property and are subject to the risks of delinquency and foreclosure.
The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing
property typically is dependent primarily on the successful operation of such
property. If a borrower’s net operating income is reduced due to changing
national, regional or local economic conditions, changes in business demand,
social unrest and civil
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disturbances,
political unrest, global health crises, or other reasons, then the borrower’s
ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Tenant mix, success of tenant
businesses, property management decisions, property location and conditions,
competition from comparable properties, changes in laws that increase operating
expenses or limit rents that may be charged, the need to address environmental
issues associated with a property, declines in real estate values, increases in
interest rates or taxes, and increase in regulatory and compliance costs can all
negatively affect returns on investments in commercial real estate.
Although
interest rates have significantly increased since 2022 through the date of this
Prospectus, the prices of real estate-related assets generally have not
decreased as much as may be expected based on historical correlations between
interest rates and prices of real estate-related assets. This presents an
increased risk of a correction or severe downturn in real estate-related asset
prices, which could adversely impact the value of other investments as well
(such as loans, securitized debt and other fixed income securities). This risk
is particularly present with respect to commercial real estate-related asset
prices, and the value of other investments with a connection to the commercial
real estate sector. As examples of the current risks faced by real
estate-related assets: tenant vacancy rates, tenant turnover and tenant
concentration have increased; owners of real estate have faced headwinds,
delinquencies and difficulties in collecting rents and other payments (which
increases the risk of owners being unable to pay or otherwise defaulting on
their own borrowings and obligations); property values have declined; inflation,
upkeep costs and other expenses have increased; and rents have declined for many
properties.
Restricted
Securities Risk
A
Fund may hold securities that the Fund is prevented or limited by law or the
terms of an agreement from selling (a “restricted security”). To the extent that a
Fund is permitted to sell a restricted security, there can be no assurance that
a trading market will exist at any particular time, and the Fund may be unable
to dispose of the security promptly at reasonable prices or at all. A Fund may
have to bear the expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk
of substantial delays in effecting the registration. Also, restricted securities
may be difficult to value because market quotations may not be readily
available, and the values of restricted securities may have significant
volatility.
Securities
or Sector Selection Risk
Securities
or Sector Selection Risk refers to the risk that the securities held by a Fund
will underperform securities held in other funds investing in similar asset
classes or comparable benchmarks because of a portfolio manager’s choice of
securities or sectors for investment. To the extent a Fund allocates a higher
percentage of its investment portfolio to a particular sector or related
sectors, the Fund will be more susceptible to events or factors affecting
companies in that sector or related sectors. For example, the values of
securities of companies in the same or related sectors may be negatively
affected by the common characteristics they share, the common business risks to
which they are subject, common regulatory burdens, or regulatory changes that
affect them similarly. Such characteristics, risks, burdens or changes include,
but are not limited to, changes in governmental regulation, inflation or
deflation, rising or falling interest rates, competition from new entrants, and
other economic, market, political or other developments specific to that sector
or related sectors. Although neither DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF or
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF will focus or concentrate its investments in companies
within the real estate sector, the risk characteristics of each Fund’s portfolio
will be closely tied to that of the real estate sector, which is described
above.
Structured Products and Structured Notes
Risk
Generally,
structured investments are interests in entities organized and operated for the
purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of underlying investment
interests or securities. These investment entities may be structured as trusts
or other types of pooled investment vehicles. This type of restructuring
generally involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity of the underlying
investments and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities
backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying investments or
referencing an indicator related to such investments. The cash flow or rate of
return on the underlying investments may be apportioned among the newly issued
securities to create different investment characteristics, such as varying
maturities, credit quality, payment priorities and interest rate provisions.
Structured products include, among other things, CDOs, mortgage-backed
securities, other types of asset-backed securities and certain types of
structured notes.
The
cash flow or rate of return on a structured investment may be determined by
applying a multiplier to the rate of total return on the underlying investments
or referenced indicator. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of
financial leverage, a speculative technique. Leverage magnifies the potential
for gain and the risk of loss. As a result, a relatively small decline in the
value of the underlying investments or referenced indicator could result in a
relatively large loss in the value of a structured product. Holders of
structured products indirectly bear risks associated with the underlying
investments, index or
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reference
obligation, and are subject to counterparty risk. A Fund generally has the right
to receive payments to which it is entitled only from the structured product,
and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer. While certain
structured investment vehicles enable the investor to acquire interests in a
pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with
directly holding the same securities, investors in structured vehicles generally
pay their share of the investment vehicle’s administrative and other expenses.
Structured
products are generally privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered
under the securities laws. Certain structured products may be thinly traded or
have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing a Fund’s
illiquidity to the extent that the Fund, at a particular point in time, may be
unable to find qualified buyers for these securities. In addition to the general
risks associated with fixed income securities discussed herein, structured
products carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the
possibility that distributions from underlying investments will not be adequate
to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the underlying
investments may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the
security may be subordinate to other classes of the issuer’s securities; and
(iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at
the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected
investment results.
Structured
notes are derivative securities for which the amount of principal repayment
and/or interest payments is based on the movement of one or more “factors”.
These factors may include, but are not limited to, currency exchange rates,
interest rates (such as the prime lending rate or another industry-standard
floating rate), referenced bonds and stock indices. Some of these factors may or
may not correlate to the total rate of return on one or more underlying
instruments referenced in such notes. In some cases, the impact of the movements
of these factors may increase or decrease through the use of multipliers or
deflators.
Investments
in structured notes involve risks including interest rate risk, credit risk and
market risk. Depending on the factor used and the use of multipliers or
deflators, changes in interest rates and movement of the factor may cause
significant price fluctuations. Additionally, changes in the reference
instrument or security may cause the interest rate on the structured note to be
reduced to zero and any further changes in the reference instrument may then
reduce the principal amount payable on maturity. In the case of structured notes
where the reference instrument is a debt instrument, such as credit-linked
notes, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of the issuer of the
reference instrument and the issuer of the structured note.
The
Adviser and certain of its affiliates manage a wide variety of accounts and
investment strategies. Investments made on behalf of one client or strategy can
raise conflict of interest issues with other of the Adviser’s clients or
strategies. For example, the Adviser may cause a client to purchase an issuer’s
debt security and cause another client to purchase a different debt security of
the same issuer, such as a different bond of the issuer or different tranche of
a mortgage-backed security that is subordinated to the investment held by other
clients. Please refer to the section of the SAI entitled “Conflicts — Broad and
Wide-Ranging Activities” for more information.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
Some
U.S. government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes, and bonds and
mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, are supported by the full
faith and credit of the United States; others are supported by the right of the
issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are supported by the
discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s
obligations; still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing
agency, instrumentality, or enterprise. Although U.S. government-sponsored
enterprises may be chartered or sponsored by Congress, they are not funded by
Congressional appropriations, and their securities are not issued by the U.S.
Treasury, their obligations are not supported by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. government, and so investments in their securities or obligations
issued by them involve greater risk than investments in other types of U.S.
government securities. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will
provide financial support to its agencies and sponsored entities if it is not
obligated by law to do so.
In
addition, certain governmental entities have been subject to regulatory scrutiny
regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may
result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences
that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability or investment
character of securities issued or guaranteed by these entities.
The
events surrounding the U.S. federal government debt ceiling and any resulting
agreement (and similar political, economic and other developments) could
adversely affect a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. For
example, a downgrade of the long-term sovereign credit rating of the United
States could increase volatility in both stock and bond markets, result in
higher interest rates and lower Treasury prices and increase the costs of all
kinds of debt. These events and similar events in other areas of the world could
have significant adverse effects on the economy generally and could result in
significant adverse impacts on issuers of securities held by a Fund and the Fund
itself. The Adviser cannot predict the effects of these or similar events in the
future on the U.S. economy and securities markets or on a Fund’s portfolio.
-73-
The
Adviser may not timely anticipate or manage existing, new or additional risks,
contingencies or developments. In recent periods, the values of U.S. government
securities have been affected substantially by increased demand for them around
the world. Changes in the demand for U.S. government securities may occur at any
time and may result in increased volatility in the values of those securities.
Valuation
Risk
Valuation
risk is the risk that a Fund will not value its investments in a manner that
accurately reflects their market values or that a Fund will not be able to sell
any investment at a price equal to the valuation ascribed to that investment for
purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV. The valuation of each Fund’s investments
involves subjective judgment and some valuations may involve assumptions,
projections, opinions, discount rates, estimated data points and other uncertain
or subjective amounts, all of which may prove inaccurate. In addition, the
valuation of certain investments held by a Fund may involve the significant use
of unobservable and non-market inputs. Certain securities in which a Fund may
invest may be more difficult to value accurately, especially during periods of
market disruptions or extreme market volatility. As a result, there can be no
assurance that fair value pricing will result in adjustments to the prices of
securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect actual
market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security
or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices,
from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from
the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security
or other asset. Technological issues or other service disruption issues
involving third party service providers may also cause a Fund to value its
investments incorrectly. Incorrect valuations of a Fund’s portfolio holdings
could result in a Fund’s shareholder transactions being effected at an NAV that
does not accurately reflect the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio,
resulting in the dilution of shareholder interests.
Temporary
Defensive Strategies
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage ETF
When
attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other
conditions, subject to the applicable limitations described below, DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF may take temporary defensive positions that may be inconsistent
(including materially inconsistent) with such Fund’s principal investment
strategies. The Adviser then may, but is not required to, temporarily use
alternative strategies that are mainly designed to limit the Fund’s exposure to
such adverse conditions under the circumstances. In implementing these
strategies, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage ETF
may invest primarily in, among other things, U.S. government and agency
obligations, fixed or floating rate investments, derivative instruments, cash or
money market instruments (including, money market funds), or any other
securities or instruments that the portfolio manager(s) considers consistent
with such defensive strategies or deemed consistent with the then existing
market conditions. By way of example, a Fund may hold a higher than normal
proportion of its assets in cash in times of extreme market stress. A Fund may
also use derivatives, such as futures contracts and interest rate swaps, as an
efficient means to adjust the Fund’s interest rate, credit, and other exposures
in connection with taking such temporary defensive positions. During periods
when a Fund has taken temporary defensive positions, the Fund may not achieve
its investment objective.
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF
Because
it operates pursuant to the Order, when taking temporary defensive positions,
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE®
U.S. Equities ETF is only permitted to invest in ETFs and exchange-traded notes,
common stocks, preferred stocks, American depositary receipts, REITs, commodity
pools, metals trusts, currency trusts and futures with reference assets the Fund
may invest in directly, or in the case of an index future, based on an index of
a type of asset that the Fund could invest in directly. All of these instruments
will trade on an U.S. exchange contemporaneously with the Fund’s shares.
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE®
U.S. Equities ETF may also invest in cash and cash equivalents, which are
short-term U.S. Treasury securities, government money market funds and
repurchase agreements.
Portfolio
Holdings Information
A
description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the
disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the SAI. Currently,
disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio holdings is required by law to be made
within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter in either the annual report or
semi-annual report to shareholders or in the holdings reports on Form N-PORT.
Each Fund’s SAI, annual report, semi-annual report, and filings on Form N-PORT
are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov.
-74-
Management
of the Funds
Investment
Adviser
DoubleLine
ETF Adviser LP serves as the investment adviser for each
Fund. The Adviser operates at 2002 North Tampa Street, Suite 200, Tampa, Florida
33602 and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser has been an investment adviser to the Funds
since the inception of each Fund. The Adviser manages the investment portfolios
and business affairs of the Funds pursuant to Investment Management Agreement
between the Trust and the Adviser in respect of each Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). In addition to the
foregoing, pursuant to its supervisory responsibilities under the Advisory
Agreement, the Adviser (or its designee) is responsible for the oversight of the
calculation and dissemination of the VIIV of DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF, as
described below. As part of its oversight process, the Adviser (or its designee)
will periodically, but no less than annually, review the Fund’s procedures
governing the calculation and dissemination of the VIIV of DoubleLine Shiller
CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF.
Any changes to the procedures will be submitted for review by the Board.
The
Trust and the Adviser have received exemptive relief from the SEC that permits
the Adviser, with Board approval but without shareholder approval, to hire a
sub-adviser, materially amend the terms of an agreement with a sub-adviser
(including an increase in its fee), or continue the employment of a sub-adviser
after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services.
Shareholders will be notified of any such changes.
Portfolio
Managers
The
following individuals serve as portfolio managers and are together jointly and
primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds’ portfolios as
indicated below. Please see the SAI for additional information about other
accounts managed by the portfolio managers, the portfolio managers’
compensation, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of shares of the Fund(s)
they manage. The performance information shown in the “Performance” section of
each Fund Summary, as applicable, reflects the Fund’s performance of the
portfolio management team that was in place during the period(s) shown. The
composition of the portfolio management team, including individual portfolio
managers, may change over time.
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio Manager |
|
Length of Service |
|
Business Experience during the Past 5
Years |
Jeffrey E.
Gundlach |
|
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF
(Since the Funds’ inception in
2022)
DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Gundlach is the founder and Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) of DoubleLine Capital LP and is Chief Investment
Officer (CIO) of DoubleLine Capital LP. Mr. Gundlach has been CEO and
CIO of DoubleLine Capital LP since its inception in December 2009. |
|
| |
Morris
Chen |
|
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Chen joined DoubleLine in 2009. He is
the lead Portfolio Manager overseeing the Commercial Mortgage-Backed
Securities (CMBS) and Commercial Real Estate (CRE) Debt team. He is a
permanent member of the Fixed Income Asset Allocation and Structured
Products Committees. |
|
| |
Mark
Cho |
|
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Cho joined DoubleLine in 2013. He is a
Portfolio Manager responsible for the CMBS credit platform at
DoubleLine. |
|
| |
Vitaliy
Liberman |
|
DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Liberman joined DoubleLine in 2009. He
is the lead Portfolio Manager overseeing the Agency mortgage team. Mr.
Liberman is a permanent member of the Fixed Income Asset Allocation
Committee. He is a CFA charterholder. |
|
| |
Ken
Shinoda |
|
DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Shinoda joined DoubleLine in 2009. He
is the Chairman of the Structured Products Committee and the lead
Portfolio Manager overseeing the Non-Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed
Securities (RMBS) team. He is a permanent member of the Fixed Income Asset
Allocation Committee. He is a CFA charterholder. |
-75-
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio Manager |
|
Length of Service |
|
Business Experience during the Past 5
Years |
|
| |
Robert
Stanbrook |
|
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF
(Since the Fund’s inception in
2023) |
|
Mr. Stanbrook joined DoubleLine in 2019.
He is a Portfolio Manager responsible for the CRE loan platform as well as
DoubleLine’s CRE CLO portfolio. Prior to DoubleLine, Mr. Stanbrook was a
Principal and Chief Credit Officer with Narrative Capital Management since
2017. |
|
| |
Jeffrey J.
Sherman |
|
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF
(Since the Funds’ inception in
2022) |
|
Mr. Sherman was named as DoubleLine
Capital LP’s Deputy Chief Investment Officer in June 2016. He has been a
Portfolio Manager of DoubleLine Capital LP since September 2010. He has
been President of DoubleLine Alternatives LP since April 2015 and
President of DoubleLine ETF Adviser LP since October
2021. |
Advisory
Agreement
The
Trust and DoubleLine have entered into an Advisory Agreement in respect of each
Fund under the terms of which the Funds
have employed the Adviser to manage the investment of the assets of the Funds,
to place orders for the purchase and sale of their portfolio securities, and to
be responsible for overall management of the Funds’ business affairs, subject to
the oversight of the Board of Trustees. The Advisory Agreement between the Trust
and the Adviser provides that the Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the
Fund, except the management fees, interest expenses, dividends and other
expenses on securities sold short, taxes, expenses incurred with respect to the
acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities and the execution of
portfolio transactions, including brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and
expenses, accrued deferred tax liabilities, distribution fees or expenses, and
any extraordinary expenses (such as litigation).
Under
the Advisory Agreement, the Funds pay to the Adviser as compensation for the
services rendered, facilities furnished, and expenses incurred by them, fees at
the following annual rates:
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
|
Contractual Annual
Management Fee Rate
(As a Percentage of the
Fund’s Average
Daily
Net
Asset Value) |
|
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF |
|
|
0.50% |
|
DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF |
|
|
0.39% |
|
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF |
|
|
0.49% |
|
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF |
|
|
0.65% |
|
The
Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad
faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser, or reckless disregard of
its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, including
its officers, directors, and partners, shall not be subject to any liability to
the Trust or any Fund, or to any shareholder, officer, director, partner, or
Trustee thereof, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with,
rendering services under the Advisory Agreement.
A
discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the
Advisory Agreement with respect to DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF and
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE®
U.S. Equities ETF is contained in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for
the period ended September 30, 2022.
A
discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the
Advisory Agreement with respect to DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF is contained in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders
for the period ended September 30, 2023.
Additional
Information
The
Trustees of the Trust oversee generally the operations of the Funds and the
Trust. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties,
including among others the Funds’ investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent,
and accountants, who provide services to the Funds.
-76-
Shareholders
are not parties to any such contractual arrangements and are not intended third
party (or other form of) beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements. The
Trust’s and the Funds’ contractual arrangements are not intended to create any
shareholder rights to enforce such contracts directly against the service
providers or to seek any remedy under those contracts directly against the
service providers.
The
Trust’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires
a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of the Trust that is
subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the
outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the
series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the
Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the
merits of the demand in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such
action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under
the federal securities laws. The Trust’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement
and Declaration of Trust also provides that Delaware law will govern the rights
and obligations of the Trustees and shareholders but excepts out the duties and
liabilities of trustees with respect to matters arising under federal securities
laws.
This
Prospectus has been designed to meet the regulatory purpose of providing
information concerning the Trust and the Funds that you should consider
carefully in determining whether to purchase shares of a Fund. Neither this
Prospectus, the SAI, nor the Funds’ registration statement, is intended, or
should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the
Trust or the Funds and any shareholder, or to give rise to any rights in any
shareholder or other person.
Additional
shareholder information, including how to buy and sell shares of the Funds, is
available free of charge by calling toll-free: (855) 937-0772.
Purchase
and Sale of Fund Shares
Shares
of a Fund may be acquired or redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation
Units or multiples thereof, as discussed in the Creations and Redemptions
section of this Prospectus. Only an Authorized Participant, or an Authorized
Participant Representative, as applicable, may engage in creation or redemption
transactions directly with the Funds. Once created, shares of a Fund generally
trade in the secondary market in amounts less than a Creation Unit.
Shares
of the Funds are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange.
Shares can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other
publicly-traded securities which are bought and sold at market price. There is
no minimum investment. Although shares are generally purchased and sold in
“round lots” of 100 shares, brokerage firms typically permit investors to
purchase or sell shares in smaller “odd lots” at no per-share price
differential. The Funds’ shares trade on the Exchange using the following ticker
symbols.
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
|
Ticker
Symbol |
|
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF |
|
|
DBND |
|
DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF |
|
|
DCRE |
† |
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF |
|
|
DMBS |
|
DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF |
|
|
CAPE |
|
† |
Prior to February 1,
2024, the DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF traded under the ticker
symbol “DCMB.” |
The
Exchange is open for trading Monday through Friday and is closed on weekends and
the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’
Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Secondary
Market Trading Prices and Costs
The
secondary market price of a Fund’s shares changes throughout the trading day
based on market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other
factors such as the current VIIV (described below). Therefore, the prices at
which investors trade Fund shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV. A Fund’s
shares may trade throughout the trading day at prices greater (premium) or less
(discount) than the Fund’s NAV.
Buying
or selling Fund shares on an exchange or other secondary market involves two
types of costs that often apply to equity transactions on exchanges. When buying
or selling shares of a Fund through a broker-dealer, you may incur a brokerage
commission and other charges. The commission is frequently a fixed amount and
may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell
small amounts of shares. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread,”
that is, any
-77-
difference
between the bid price and the ask price quoted by the broker-dealer with whom
you are buying or selling Fund shares. The spread varies over time for shares of
a Fund based on the Fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally
narrower if the Fund has high trading volume and market liquidity, and wider if
the Fund has less trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case
for funds that are newly launched or small in size).
Information
Relating to Trading of DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF
Because
the Fund’s shares trades with reference to the VIIV, as discussed below, its
shares may trade at a wider bid/ask spread than more traditional ETFs that
publish their portfolios on a daily basis. The Adviser or its designee will
monitor on an on-going basis how shares of the Fund’s trade, including the level
of any market price premium or discount to NAV and the bid/ask spreads on market
transactions. Should there be extended periods during which shares of the Fund
trade at a significant premium or discount to NAV or with unusually wide bid/ask
spreads, the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) will review and consider the continuing
viability of the Fund, whether shareholders are being harmed, and what, if any,
action would be appropriate to, among other things, narrow the premium/discount
or spread, as applicable. The Board will then decide whether to take any such
action.
Verified Intra-Day Indicative Value (VIIV)
The
intraday value of shares of a Fund, known as the VIIV, is intended to provide
investors and other market participants with a highly correlated per share value
of a Fund’s underlying portfolio that can be compared to the current market
price of Fund shares trading on the Exchange. The VIIV is calculated and
disseminated every second throughout each trading day by the Exchange. The VIIV
is calculated to the nearest penny by dividing (i) the sum of a Fund’s
assets (e.g., the amount of cash and cash equivalents held in the Fund’s
portfolio, the current value of the securities positions in the Fund’s
portfolio, plus any accrued interest, and declared but unpaid dividends) minus
all accrued liabilities, by (ii) the number of total Fund shares
outstanding. The portfolio used for calculating the VIIV generally will be the
same portfolio used to calculate the Fund’s NAV for that day. The VIIV will be
calculated by two separate calculation engines (a primary and secondary engine)
throughout the trading day using the mid-point between the current national best
bid and national best offer of the Fund’s portfolio securities as disseminated
by the Consolidated Quotation System or UTP Plan Securities Information
Processor (“National Best Bid and
Offer”). The VIIV will be “verified” by comparing the values calculated
by the two calculation engines and, if the values are in line, the VIIV will be
disseminated through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association.
A
Fund’s VIIV is also expected to be published by other information providers and
quote services, including Yahoo Finance and Bloomberg. A Fund’s VIIV also may be
available, upon request, through your broker. Certain of the providers and
services, such as Bloomberg, require a subscription or account to access the
information. If you access a Fund’s VIIV through such information providers and
quote services, you should review the terms of each provider or service
carefully. These information providers and quote services operate independently
of the Funds, and the Funds have no control over, nor are they responsible for,
the information published by such information providers and quote services or
the timing thereof. The specific methodology for calculating a Fund’s VIIV and a
historical comparison of each business day’s final VIIV to that business day’s
NAV are disclosed on the Funds’ website, www.doubleline.com.
Because
the Fund’s shares trade by reference to a published VIIV, they may trade at a
wider bid/ask spread than shares of ETFs that publish their portfolios on a
daily basis, especially during periods of market disruption or volatility, and
therefore, may cost investors more to trade. Although the VIIV is intended to
provide investors with enough information to allow for an effective arbitrage
mechanism that will keep the market price of a Fund at or close to the
underlying NAV per share of the Fund, there is a risk (which may increase during
periods of market disruption or volatility) that market prices will vary
significantly from the underlying NAV of the Fund. The Adviser or its designee
will request that the Exchange temporarily halt trading if, during the process
of real time price verification, the indicative values from the calculation
engines valuing the Fund’s portfolio securities for VIIV purposes differ by more
than 25 basis points for 60 consecutive seconds. In this instance, the Fund will
continue to disseminate the indicative value as generated by the primary
calculation engine. Such a trading halt will be lifted when the two indicative
values come back into line. In addition, if at any time securities representing
10% or more of a Fund’s portfolio become subject to a trading halt or otherwise
do not have readily available market quotations, the Fund will request that the
exchange halt trading of the Fund’s shares. During a trading halt, although the
VIIV would continue to be calculated and disseminated, investors in a Fund’s
shares will not be able to freely trade their shares. If a portfolio security
does not have readily available market quotations, e.g., if subject to a trading
halt, that fact, along with the identity and weighting of that security in the
Fund’s VIIV calculation, will be publicly disclosed on the Fund’s website.
Calculation
of NAV
Each
Fund calculates its NAV once on each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business (a “Business Day”). Each Fund generally values its
securities and other assets and calculates its NAV as of the close of trading on
the NYSE
-78-
(normally,
4:00 p.m., Eastern Time). Generally, the NYSE is closed on weekends and the
following national holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day,
Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Each
Fund calculates its NAV by adding the total value of its assets, subtracting its
liabilities and then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding. In
calculating NAV, the Funds generally value their investment portfolios at market
price. If market prices are not readily available, such as if trading in a
particular security was halted during the day and does not resume prior to the
time a Fund calculates its NAV, or the Funds reasonably believe that the market
prices are unreliable, the Funds are required to price those securities at fair
value as determined in good faith using a valuation policy approved by the
Board. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, these fair value methods are
implemented by the Adviser, in its capacity as the Board’s valuation designee,
through its Valuation Sub-Committee. The determination of a security’s fair
value price often involves the consideration of a number of factors, is
subjective in nature, and is therefore subject to the unavoidable risk that the
fair value assigned to a security may be higher or lower than the security’s
value would be if reliable market quotations for the security were readily
available.
Other
assets for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at
their fair value as determined in good faith by the Adviser, in its capacity as
the Board’s valuation designee, through its Valuation Sub-Committee.1
Book
Entry
Shares
are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued
for Fund shares. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all
outstanding shares of the Funds and is recognized as the owner of all shares for
all purposes.
Investors
owning shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its
participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares.
Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust
companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or
indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. Although a beneficial
owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock
certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not
considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an
owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants.
These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other stocks that you
hold in book entry or “street name” form.
Frequent
Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
The
Board has not adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases
and sales of Fund shares by Fund shareholders in the secondary market because
such transactions do not involve the Fund directly. Therefore, secondary market
trades are unlikely to disrupt management of a Fund’s portfolio, increase a
Fund’s transaction costs or cause a Fund to realize capital gains, or result in
other potential harmful effects of frequent purchases and sales. Indeed, active
trading of a Fund’s shares is a key element in helping to ensure a properly
functioning arbitrage mechanism so that a Fund’s shares trade on the secondary
market at or close to NAV.
The
Board also has not adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent
purchases (creations) and redemptions of Fund shares in Creation Units directly
with Authorized Participants. Purchases (creations) and redemptions of Creation
Units are generally effected in-kind and thus are unlikely to cause the harmful
effects that may result from frequent purchases and sales of fund shares. Each
Fund also imposes transaction fees on in-kind purchases (creations) and
redemptions of Fund shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by
the Fund in effecting in-kind trades. These fees may increase if an Authorized
Participant substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the
fact that a Fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances.
Distributions
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine
Mortgage ETF will distribute dividends of net investment income at least monthly
and DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF will
distribute dividends of net investment income at least quarterly. Each Fund will
distribute net realized short-term capital gains and net realized long-term
capital gains, if any, at least annually. Dividends and other distributions on
shares of a Fund are distributed on a pro rata basis to beneficial owners of
such shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC participants and indirect
participants to beneficial owners then of record with proceeds received from the
Funds.
1 |
On
days when the NYSE is open for trading, but the fixed income markets close
early or are closed (e.g., Columbus Day and Veterans Day), all or
substantially all of the investment portfolios of DoubleLine Opportunistic
Bond ETF, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage
ETF are expected to be fair valued. |
-79-
Distributions
are paid by each Fund in cash. No dividend reinvestment service is provided by
the Funds. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend
Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of the Funds for reinvestment
of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their
broker-dealer to determine the availability and costs of the service and the
details of participation therein. Broker-dealers may require beneficial owners
to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available
and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be
automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the applicable Fund(s)
purchased in the secondary market.
Taxes
This
section provides a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations
relevant to an investment in a Fund; it is not intended to be a full discussion
of tax laws and the effects of such laws on you, or to address all aspects of
taxation that may apply to specific types of shareholders, such as foreign
persons. Furthermore, this discussion is based on the Code and Treasury
regulations issued thereunder that are in effect as of the date of this
Prospectus, which provisions are subject to change, including retroactively.
There may be other federal, state, or local tax considerations applicable to a
particular investor. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding
your investment in a Fund (including the status of your distributions from the
Fund). Additional tax information may be found in the SAI.
Taxes on Dividends and Distributions. For U.S.
federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are
taxable to you as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are
determined by how long a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments
that generated the gains, rather than how long you have owned your shares.
Distributions that a Fund properly reports to you as gains from investments that
a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year (“Capital Gain Dividends”) generally are treated
as long-term capital gains includible in your net capital gain and taxed to
individuals at reduced rates. Distributions of gains from investments that a
Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less and gains on the
sale of or payments on bonds characterized as having market discount generally
are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income that a
Fund properly reports to you as derived from qualified dividend income are taxed
in the hands of individuals at the reduced rates applicable to net capital
gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund level. DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage ETF do not expect a
significant portion of their distributions to derive from qualified dividend
income.
Corporate
shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion
of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends
received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations.
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF do not expect a significant portion of their
distributions to be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate
shareholders.
Distributions
by a Fund to its shareholders that the Fund properly reports as “section 199A
dividends,” as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are
treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders.
Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to
20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain
limitations. Very generally, a “section 199A dividend” is any dividend or
portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a
regulated investment company from REITs, to the extent such dividends are
properly reported as such by the regulated investment company in a written
notice to its shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified
REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the
dividend-paying regulated investment company shares for at least 46 days of the
91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not
under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in
substantially similar or related property. A Fund is permitted to report such
part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not
required to do so. Distributions of income or gain attributable to derivatives
with respect to REIT securities, including swaps, will not constitute qualified
REIT dividends and will not be eligible for such deduction.
Distributions
are taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund
before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid).
Distributions are taxable in the manner described herein whether you receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of a Fund.
A
dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of Fund shares
reduces the NAV of the shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and,
although in effect a return of capital, will be taxable to the shareholder,
commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
Distributions
by a Fund to retirement plans and other tax-advantaged accounts that qualify for
tax-advantaged treatment under federal income tax laws generally will not be
taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments through such plans and/or
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accounts.
You should consult your tax advisor to determine the suitability of a Fund as an
investment through such a plan and/or account and the tax treatment of
distributions (including distributions of amounts attributable to an investment
in a Fund) from such a plan and/or account.
A
Fund’s investment in certain debt obligations, derivatives and hedging
transactions can cause a Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash
generated by such investments. Thus, a Fund could be required at times to
liquidate investments, including at times when it may not be advantageous to do
so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements (see “Tax Status of the
Funds” below). Such dispositions could result in realization of capital gains,
including short-term capital gains generally taxable to shareholders at ordinary
income rates when distributed to them.
Distributions
by the Fund to shareholders that are not “United States persons” within the
meaning of the Code (“non-U.S.
investors”) properly reported by the Fund as (1) Capital Gain
Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends or
(3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain
conditions described in the SAI, generally are not subject to withholding of
U.S. federal income tax.
Distributions
by the Fund to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends,
short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and
foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source
interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not
apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate
of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
If
you are a non-U.S. investor, please consult your own tax advisor regarding the
tax consequences of investing in a Fund.
Taxes When Shares Are Sold. Assuming you hold
Fund shares as a capital asset, any gain resulting from a sale of your shares in
the Fund generally will be subject to federal income tax at either short-term or
long-term capital gain rates depending on how long you owned your shares.
However, any capital loss on a sale of shares held for six months or less will
be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends
received (or deemed received) with respect to such shares. The ability to deduct
capital losses may be limited.
The
cost basis of shares of a Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on
the amount paid for the shares and may be subsequently adjusted for other
applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the
selling price and the cost basis of shares generally determines the amount of
the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of shares. Contact the
broker through whom you purchased your shares to obtain information with respect
to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
Taxes
on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units.
An
Authorized Participant having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for
U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units
generally recognizes a gain or loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the
difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange
and the exchanging Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the securities
delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An Authorized
Participant who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize
a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging Authorized
Participant’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market
value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation
Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an
exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under
the rules governing “wash sales” (for an Authorized Participant who does not
mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no
significant change in economic position. Authorized Participants exchanging
securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash
sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
A
Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery
of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. A Fund may sell
portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption
proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital
gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied
the redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may be less tax efficient if it
includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of
Creation Units.
Net Investment Income Tax. The Code generally
imposes a 3.8% tax on the “net investment income” of certain individuals,
estates and trusts to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts.
For these purposes, net investment income generally includes dividends paid by a
Fund, including any capital gain dividends, and net gains recognized on the
sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of a Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible
implications of this tax on their investment in a Fund.
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Tax Status of the Funds. Each Fund has elected
or intends to elect and intends to qualify and to be eligible to be treated each
year as RIC under the Code, such that the Fund will not be subject to federal
income tax on income and gains timely distributed to shareholders. In order to
qualify for the special tax treatment accorded to a RIC and their shareholders,
a Fund must meet requirements with respect to the sources of its income, the
diversification of its assets, and the distribution of its income. A Fund could
in some cases cure a failure to comply with these requirements, including by
paying a Fund-level tax and, in the case of a diversification failure, disposing
of certain assets. If a Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such a
failure, or if a Fund were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC, the Fund would
be subject to federal income tax on its net income at regular corporate rates
without reduction for distributions to shareholders. When distributed, that
income would also be taxable to shareholders as an ordinary dividend to the
extent attributable to a Fund’s earnings and profits, thereby potentially
diminishing shareholder returns.
Investments in Foreign Securities. A Fund’s
investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other
taxes. In that case, a Fund’s return on those securities may be decreased. If a
Fund meets certain requirements with respect to its asset holdings, it will be
eligible to elect to permit shareholders of the Fund to claim a credit or
deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund. In addition,
investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or
accelerate a Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or
amount of the Fund’s distributions.
Derivatives. A Fund’s use of derivatives may
affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders and,
therefore, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. In
addition, the tax rules applicable to derivatives are in many cases uncertain
under current law. An adverse determination, future guidance by the IRS or
Treasury regulations, in each case with potentially retroactive effect, might
bear adversely on a Fund’s ability to satisfy the distribution or other
requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a fund-level tax.
Backup Withholding. A Fund will be required in
certain cases to withhold on distributions paid to a shareholder who
(1) has provided the Fund either an incorrect tax identification number or
no number at all, (2) who is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for
failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends, or (3) who
has failed to certify to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to backup
withholding.
Reporting. Shareholders will be advised
annually as to the federal tax status of distributions made by a Fund for the
preceding calendar year.
Consult your tax advisor about other possible tax
consequences. This is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax
consequences of investing in the Funds. You should consult your tax advisor for
more information on your own tax situation, including possible other federal,
state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund. For more
information, see “Distributions and Taxes” in the SAI.
Creations
and Redemptions
Prior
to trading in the secondary market, shares of the Fund are “created” at NAV by
market makers, large investors and institutions only in Creation Units or
multiples thereof. Each Authorized Participant enters into an authorized
participant agreement with the Funds’ distributor, Foreside Fund Services, LLC
(the “Distributor”).
Creation
and Redemption Transactions in DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF
In
transactions with a non-transparent ETF, each Authorized Participant creates or
redeems large volumes of shares in Creation Units through an AP Representative.
An AP Representative is an unaffiliated broker-dealer with which the Authorized
Participant has signed an agreement (the “Confidential Account Agreement”) to establish a
confidential account for the benefit of such Authorized Participant (a “Confidential Account”) and that will deliver or
receive, on behalf of the Authorized Participant, all consideration to or from a
Fund in a creation or redemption transaction. The AP Representative cannot be an
affiliate of the Fund, the Adviser, or the Fund’s Authorized Participants.
Pursuant
to the Confidential Account Agreement, the AP Representative is restricted from
disclosing the composition of the Creation Basket (as defined below). In
addition, the AP Representative undertakes an obligation not to use the identity
or weighting of the securities in the Creation Basket for any purpose other than
executing creations and redemptions for a Fund. The purpose of this arrangement
is to protect the identity and weightings of each Fund’s portfolio holdings. An
AP Representative will not trade securities in the Confidential Account on
behalf of an Authorized Participant other than buying or selling the securities
included in a Creation Basket to be delivered to or received from, respectively,
a Fund.
Each
day, prior to the commencement of trading, the Funds’ custodian will transmit
the composition of each Fund’s Creation Basket for that day to each AP
Representative. Acting on execution instructions from an Authorized Participant,
the AP
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Representative
may purchase or sell the securities in the Creation Basket for purposes of
effecting in-kind creation and redemption activity during the day. An Authorized
Participant will bear the profits and losses that result from an AP
Representative’s purchase of securities in the Creation Basket and creation
order with the Fund, and an AP Representative’s redemption order with the Fund
and sale of securities in the Creation Basket. The AP Representative will
communicate to an Authorized Participant information about the execution of the
Creation Basket as a whole and not information about the execution of
transactions in individual securities in the Creation Basket. Authorized
Participants will be able to monitor the execution quality of the AP
Representative by comparing the price at which the AP Representative purchases
or sells Creation Baskets with the Fund’s VIIV and end of day NAV.
A
creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by the Distributor,
generally begins when an Authorized Participant enters into an irrevocable
creation order with a Fund and delivers to the AP Representative the cash
necessary to purchase the designated portfolio of securities that constitute the
Creation Basket in the Confidential Account. The AP Representative then
purchases and delivers the designated portfolio of securities (“Deposit Instruments”) to the Fund’s custodian,
and the Fund then instructs the custodian to exchange the Deposit Instruments
for a specified number of shares in volumes of Creation Units. The AP
Representative will seek to assemble the shares of the Creation Basket in a
manner that will not reveal its composition.
A
redemption transaction generally begins when an Authorized Participant enters
into an irrevocable redemption order with a Fund. The Fund then instructs the
custodian to deliver a designated portfolio of securities (“Redemption Instruments”) that constitute the
Creation Basket to the appropriate AP Representative’s Confidential Account in
exchange for the individual Fund shares in volumes of Creation Units being
redeemed. The Authorized Participant will instruct the AP Representative when to
liquidate the securities in the Confidential Account, which will be liquidated
no later than the end of the day, so that the Confidential Account holds no
positions at the end of day.
On
any given Business Day, the name and quantities of the instruments that
constitute Deposit Instruments and Redemption Instruments (the “Creation Basket”) will be identical to and will
correspond pro rata to the positions in a Fund’s portfolio (including cash
positions) used to calculate the Fund’s NAV for that day.
The
prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next
calculation of NAV after a creation or redemption order is received in proper
form under the authorized participant agreement.
Creation
and Redemption Transactions in DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage ETF
A
creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by the Distributor,
generally begins when an Authorized Participant enters into an irrevocable
creation order with a Fund and delivers to the Fund via its custodian the
designated portfolio of securities (“Deposit
Instruments”) to exchange the Deposit Instruments for a specified number
of shares in volumes of Creation Units.
A
redemption transaction generally begins when an Authorized Participant enters
into an irrevocable redemption order with a Fund. The Fund then instructs the
custodian to deliver a designated portfolio of securities (“Redemption Instruments”) that constitute the
Creation Basket to the Authorized Participant in exchange for the individual
Fund shares in volumes of Creation Units being redeemed.
The
name and quantities of the instruments that constitute Deposit Instruments and
Redemption Instruments (the “Creation
Basket”) may be identical to and may correspond pro rata to the positions
in a Fund’s portfolio (including cash positions) used to calculate the Fund’s
NAV for that day. However, a Fund may accept “custom baskets” that are not a pro
rata representation of the positions in the Fund’s portfolio. ETFs that invest
principally in fixed-income instruments often will accept custom baskets. More
information regarding custom baskets is contained in the Fund’s SAI.
Creation
and Redemption Transactions in DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF, DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF, DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF and DoubleLine Mortgage ETF
To
the extent a Fund engages in in-kind transactions with an Authorized Participant
or AP Representative, the Fund intends to comply with the U.S. federal
securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions
with redemption securities by, among other means, assuring that any securities
accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy redemption requests will
be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933
Act”).
Information
about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units
(including the cut-off times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is
included in the SAI.
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Because
new shares may be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during
the life of the Funds, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act,
may be occurring. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some
activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their
being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them
statutory underwriters and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability
provisions of the 1933 Act. Any determination of whether one is an underwriter
must take into account all the relevant facts and circumstances of each
particular case.
Broker-dealers
should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters,” but are participating
in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary transactions), and thus
dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of
Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of
the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933
Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery
mechanism of Rule 153 under the 1933 Act is available only with respect to
transactions on a national securities exchange.
Costs
Associated with Creations and Redemptions
Authorized
Participants are charged standard creation and redemption transaction fees by
the Funds to offset transfer and other transaction costs associated with the
issuance and redemption of Creation Units. The fees are designed to help protect
existing shareholders from any dilutive costs associated with purchasing and
redeeming Creation Units. The standard creation and redemption transaction fees
are set forth in the table below. The standard creation transaction fee is
charged to the Authorized Participant on any day such Authorized Participant
creates a Creation Unit, and that fee amount does not vary regardless of the
number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the
applicable business day.
Similarly,
the standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant
by the Funds on any day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and
that fee amount does not vary regardless of the number of Creation Units
redeemed by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. The
Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax,
execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution
of trades resulting from such transaction (subject to the maximum amount shown
below for redemptions). The Authorized Participant may also bear the costs of
transferring the Deposit Instruments to or Redemption Instruments from a Fund,
as applicable. Additional expenses may be incurred through DoubleLine Shiller
CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF’s
use of an AP Representative.
The
following table shows, as of the date of this Prospectus, the approximate value
of one Creation Unit of each Fund, standard fees, the additional charge for
creations and the maximum additional charge for redemptions (as described
above):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
|
Creation
Unit Size1 |
|
|
Standard
In-Kind
Creation/
Redemption
Transaction Fee1 |
|
|
Maximum
Variable
Charge for
Creations2 |
|
|
Maximum
Variable
Charge
for
Redemptions2 |
|
DoubleLine Opportunistic Bond ETF |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
% |
|
|
2.00 |
% |
DoubleLine Commercial Real Estate ETF |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
% |
|
|
2.00 |
% |
DoubleLine Mortgage ETF |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
% |
|
|
2.00 |
% |
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
% |
|
|
2.00 |
% |
1 |
May
be changed by the Adviser at any time. |
2 |
This
amount (inclusive of standard transaction fees), reflected as a percentage
of the NAV per Creation Unit. |
Variable
charges may be imposed up to the maximum amount indicated in the table above.
Actual transaction costs may vary depending on the time of day an order is
received or the nature of the securities to be purchased or sold. The Adviser
may adjust the Transaction Fee to ensure that a Fund collects the extra expenses
associated with brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred by the Fund to
acquire any Deposit Instruments not part of the Creation Basket from the
Authorized Participant. Each Fund reserves the right to not impose a standard or
variable creation transaction fee, or to vary the amount of the variable
transaction fee imposed, up to the maximum amount listed above, depending on the
materiality of the Fund’s actual transaction costs incurred in purchasing
securities with the cash received, or where the Adviser believes that not
imposing the standard or variable transaction fee or varying the variable
transaction fee would be in the best interests of the applicable Fund and its
shareholders.
Premium/Discount
and NAV Information
The
Funds’ website, which is accessible free of charge, includes information that is
updated on a daily basis, including, on a per share basis for each Fund, the
prior business day’s NAV and the market closing price and a calculation of the
premium or
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discount
of the market closing price for Fund shares against such NAV. The Funds’ website
also includes information on where and how to find the continuously updated VIIV
and a historical comparison of each business day’s final VIIV to that business
day’s NAV. The Funds’ website will disclose the median bid/ask spread for each
Fund’s most recent 30 days based on the National Best Bid and Offer, as required
by Rule 6c-11(c)(1)(v) under the 1940 Act. The Funds will also provide any other
information on their website regarding premiums/discounts that ETFs registered
under the 1940 Act are required to provide from time to time.
Index
Description
The
following index description is based on information provided on the respective
index provider’s website or from other third-party sources. The Funds and
DoubleLine have not verified this description and disclaim responsibility for
its accuracy and completeness.
The
Shiller Barclays CAPE® US Sector TR USD Index
(for purposes of this description, the “Index”) incorporates the principles of
long-term investing distilled by Dr. Robert Shiller and expressed through
the CAPE® Ratio. The
classic CAPE® Ratio
assesses equity market valuations and averages ten years of inflation adjusted
earnings to account for earnings and market cycles. Traditional valuation
measures, such as the price-earnings (PE) ratio, by contrast, typically rely on
earnings information from only the past year. The Index uses a relative version
of the classic CAPE®
Ratio to identify undervalued sectors while also seeking to exclude a sector
that may appear undervalued, but which may have also had recent relative price
underperformance due to fundamental issues with the sector that may negatively
affect the sector’s long-term total return.
The
Index’s composition is determined monthly. Each month, the Index’s methodology
ranks eleven US sectors based on a modified CAPE® Ratio (a “value” factor) and a twelve-month price
momentum factor (a “momentum” factor).
Each US sector is represented by a sector ETF that tracks a sector index, which
is an ETF in the family of Select Sector SPDR Funds or, in the case of the real
estate sector, the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. The Index
methodology selects the five US sectors with the lowest modified CAPE® Ratio — the sectors that are
the most undervalued according to the CAPE® Ratio. Only four of these
five sectors, however, end up in the Index for a given month, as the sector with
the worst 12-month price momentum (“total
return”) among the five selected sectors is eliminated. The Index
methodology allocates an equally weighted long (i.e., investment) exposure to the four
remaining US sectors.
Direct
investment in an index is not possible.
Disclaimers
Shiller
Barclays CAPE® Index
Disclaimers
Barclays
Capital Inc. and its affiliates (“Barclays”) is not the issuer, sponsor or
promoter of DoubleLine Shiller CAPE® U.S. Equities ETF (in
this paragraph, the “Fund”) and Barclays
has no responsibilities, obligations or duties to investors in the Fund. The
Shiller Barclays CAPE® US Sector TR USD Index
(an “Index”) consist of the respective
trademarks of Barclays Bank PLC and trademarks owned by or licensed to RSBB-I,
LLC and Barclays Bank PLC and that are licensed for use by the DoubleLine ETF
Trust as the Issuer of the Fund. Barclays’ only relationship with the Issuer in
respect of the Indices is the licensing of these trademarks and the Indices
which are determined, composed and calculated by Barclays without regard to the
Issuer or the Fund or the owners of the Fund. Additionally, DoubleLine ETF
Adviser LP may, for the Fund, execute transaction(s) with Barclays in or
relating to the Index; Fund investors acquire interests solely in the Fund; Fund
investors neither acquire any interest in the Fund’s Index nor enter into any
relationship of any kind whatsoever with Barclays upon making an investment in
the Fund. The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Barclays.
Barclays does not make any representation or warranty, express or implied
regarding the advisability of investing in the Fund or the advisability of
investing in securities generally or the ability of the Index to track
corresponding or relative market performance. Barclays has not passed on the
legality or suitability of the Fund’s names or the Index with respect to
any person or entity. Barclays is not responsible for and has not participated
in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of the shares of
the Fund to be issued. Barclays has no obligation to take the needs of the
Issuer or the owners of the Fund or any other third party into
consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Index. Barclays has
no obligation or liability in connection with administration, marketing or
trading of the Fund. The licensing agreement between DoubleLine ETF Trust and
Barclays is solely for the benefit of the Fund and Barclays and not for the
benefit of the owners of the Fund, investors or other third parties.
BARCLAYS
SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY TO THE ISSUER, INVESTORS OR TO OTHER THIRD PARTIES FOR
THE USE OF THE DOUBLELINE SHILLER CAPE® NAME, OR THE QUALITY,
ACCURACY AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SHILLER BARCLAYS CAPE® US SECTOR TR USD INDEX
OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN OR FOR INTERRUPTIONS IN THE DELIVERY OF THE
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SHILLER
BARCLAYS CAPE® US
SECTOR TR USD INDEX. BARCLAYS MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO
RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE ISSUER, THE INVESTORS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR
ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE SHILLER BARCLAYS CAPE® US SECTOR TR USD INDEX
OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. BARCLAYS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO DOUBLELINE SHILLER CAPE® NAME, THE SHILLER BARCLAYS
CAPE® US SECTOR TR
USD INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. BARCLAYS RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE
THE METHODS OF CALCULATION OR PUBLICATION, OR TO CEASE THE CALCULATION OR
PUBLICATION OF THE SHILLER BARCLAYS CAPE® US SECTOR TR USD INDEX,
AND BARCLAYS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY MISCALCULATION OF OR ANY INCORRECT,
DELAYED OR INTERRUPTED PUBLICATION WITH RESPECT TO THE SHILLER BARCLAYS CAPE® US SECTOR TR USD INDEX.
BARCLAYS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY LOST PROFITS AND EVEN IF
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH, RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE SHILLER
BARCLAYS CAPE® US
SECTOR TR USD INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN OR WITH RESPECT TO THE
DOUBLELINE SHILLER CAPE®
NAME.
None
of the information supplied by Barclays Bank PLC and used in this publication
may be reproduced in any manner without the prior written permission of Barclays
Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC. Barclays Bank PLC
is registered in England No. 1026167. Registered office 1 Churchill Place
London E14 5HP.
THE
SHILLER BARCLAYS INDICES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN PART BY RSBB-I, LLC, THE
RESEARCH PRINCIPAL OF WHICH IS ROBERT J. SHILLER. RSBB-I, LLC IS NOT AN
INVESTMENT ADVISOR, AND DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE
SHILLER BARCLAYS INDICES OR ANY DATA OR METHODOLOGY EITHER INCLUDED THEREIN OR
UPON WHICH IT IS BASED. NEITHER RSBB-I, LLC NOR ROBERT J. SHILLER OR ANY OF
THEIR RESPECTIVE PARTNERS, EMPLOYEES, SUBCONTRACTORS, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS AND
VENDORS (COLLECTIVELY, THE “PROTECTED
PARTIES”), SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY, WHETHER CAUSED BY THE NEGLIGENCE OF
A PROTECTED PARTY OR OTHERWISE, FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS
THEREIN, AND MAKE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO PERFORMANCE OR
RESULTS EXPERIENCED BY ANY PARTY FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION INCLUDED
THEREIN OR UPON WHICH IT IS BASED, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT THERETO, AND
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIMS OR LOSSES OF ANY NATURE IN CONNECTION WITH
THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOST PROFITS OR
PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF RSBB-I, LLC, ROBERT J. SHILLER OR ANY
PROTECTED PARTY IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SAME.
-86-
Financial
Highlights
The
following tables illustrate the financial performance of each Fund for the
fiscal period shown. Total return illustrates how much your investment in a Fund
would have increased or decreased during a period, assuming you had reinvested
all dividends and distributions. This information has been audited by
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Funds’ independent registered public
accounting firm. Its report and the Funds’ financial statements are included in
the Funds’ most recent Annual Report to shareholders, which is available upon
request by calling toll-free (855) 937-0772 or via www.doubleline.com. You
may request additional or more recent information, when it becomes available, at
no charge by calling the phone number above or via www.doubleline.com.
-87-
DoubleLine
Opportunistic Bond ETF
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Year
Ended
September 30, 2023 |
|
|
Period
Ended
September 30, 2022(a) |
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
|
|
$45.61 |
|
|
|
$50.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME
(LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) |
|
|
2.08 |
|
|
|
0.82 |
|
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments (Realized
and Unrealized) |
|
|
(1.65 |
) |
|
|
(4.59 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations |
|
|
0.43 |
|
|
|
(3.77 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LESS
DISTRIBUTIONS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Distributions from Net Investment
Income |
|
|
(1.90 |
) |
|
|
(0.62 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Distributions |
|
|
(1.90 |
) |
|
|
(0.62 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
|
|
$44.14 |
|
|
|
$45.61 |
|
Total Return |
|
|
0.84 |
%(c) |
|
|
(7.60 |
)%(d) |
|
| |
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net Assets, End of Period (000’s) |
|
|
$188,077 |
|
|
|
$46,572 |
|
|
| |
RATIOS TO
AVERAGE NET ASSETS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Expenses |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
|
|
0.50 |
%(e) |
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
|
|
4.55 |
% |
|
|
3.38 |
%(e) |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate(f) |
|
|
169 |
% |
|
|
183 |
%(d) |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations on March 31, 2022. Total return is based on operations
for a period that is less than a year. |
(b) |
Calculated
based on average shares outstanding during the period.
|
(c) |
The
return includes adjustments in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles required at period end date.
|
(d) |
Not
annualized for periods less than one year. |
(e) |
Annualized
for periods less than one year. |
(f) |
In-kind
transactions are not included in portfolio turnover calculations.
|
-88-
DoubleLine
Commercial Real Estate ETF
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Period
Ended September 30, 2023(a) |
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
|
|
$50.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
INCOME
(LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: |
|
|
| |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) |
|
|
1.35 |
|
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments (Realized
and Unrealized) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations |
|
|
1.34 |
|
| |
|
|
|
LESS
DISTRIBUTIONS: |
|
|
| |
Distributions from Net Investment
Income |
|
|
(0.98 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Total Distributions |
|
|
(0.98 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
|
|
$50.36 |
|
Total Return(c) |
|
|
2.69 |
% |
| |
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: |
|
|
| |
Net Assets, End of Period (000’s) |
|
|
$60,438 |
|
| |
RATIOS TO
AVERAGE NET ASSETS: |
|
|
| |
Expenses(d) |
|
|
0.39 |
% |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(d) |
|
|
5.33 |
% |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate(c) |
|
|
36 |
% |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations on March 31, 2023. Total return is based on operations
for a period that is less than a year. |
(b) |
Calculated
based on average shares outstanding during the period.
|
(c) |
Not
annualized for periods less than one year. |
(d) |
Annualized
for periods less than one year. |
-89-
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Period
Ended September 30, 2023(a) |
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
|
|
$50.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
INCOME
(LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: |
|
|
| |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) |
|
|
1.04 |
|
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments (Realized
and Unrealized) |
|
|
(3.35 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations |
|
|
(2.31 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
LESS
DISTRIBUTIONS: |
|
|
| |
Distributions from Net Investment
Income |
|
|
(0.73 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Total Distributions |
|
|
(0.73 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
|
|
$46.96 |
|
Total Return(c),(d) |
|
|
(4.67 |
)% |
| |
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: |
|
|
| |
Net Assets, End of Period (000’s) |
|
|
$98,615 |
|
| |
RATIOS TO
AVERAGE NET ASSETS: |
|
|
| |
Expenses(e) |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(e) |
|
|
4.23 |
% |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate(c) |
|
|
31 |
% |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations on March 31, 2023. Total return is based on operations
for a period that is less than a year. |
(b) |
Calculated
based on average shares outstanding during the period.
|
(c) |
Not
annualized for periods less than one year. |
(d) |
The
return includes adjustments in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles required at period end date.
|
(d) |
Annualized
for periods less than one year. |
-90-
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Year
Ended September 30, 2023 |
|
|
Period
Ended September 30, 2022(a) |
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
|
|
$20.01 |
|
|
|
$25.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME
(LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) |
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments (Realized
and Unrealized) |
|
|
3.65 |
|
|
|
(5.07 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from Investment Operations |
|
|
3.90 |
|
|
|
(4.93 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LESS
DISTRIBUTIONS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Distributions from Net Investment
Income |
|
|
(0.21 |
) |
|
|
(0.06 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Distributions |
|
|
(0.21 |
) |
|
|
(0.06 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
|
|
$23.70 |
|
|
|
$20.01 |
|
Total Return |
|
|
19.54 |
% |
|
|
(19.72 |
)%(c) |
|
| |
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net Assets, End of Period (000’s) |
|
|
$283,446 |
|
|
|
$128,899 |
|
|
| |
RATIOS TO
AVERAGE NET ASSETS: |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Expenses |
|
|
0.65 |
% |
|
|
0.65 |
%(d) |
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
|
|
1.08 |
% |
|
|
1.30 |
%(d) |
Portfolio
Turnover Rate(e) |
|
|
217 |
% |
|
|
175 |
%(c) |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations on March 31, 2022. Total return is based on operations
for a period that is less than a year. |
(b) |
Calculated
based on average shares outstanding during the period.
|
(c) |
Not
annualized for periods less than one year. |
(d) |
Annualized
for periods less than one year. |
(e) |
In-kind
transactions are not included in portfolio turnover calculations.
|
-91-
PRIVACY
POLICY
What
Does DoubleLine Do With Your Personal Information?
This
notice provides information about how DoubleLine (“we” and “our”) collects, shares, and protects your
personal information, and how you might choose to limit our ability to share
certain information about you. Please read this notice carefully.
Why
We Need Your Personal Information
All
financial companies need to disclose customers’ personal information to run
their everyday businesses, to appropriately tailor the services offered (where
applicable), and to comply with our regulatory obligations. Accordingly,
information, confidential and proprietary, plays an important role in the
success of our business. However, we recognize that you have entrusted us with
your personal and financial data, and we recognize our obligation to keep this
information secure. Maintaining your privacy is important to us, and we hold
ourselves to a high standard in its safekeeping and use. Most importantly,
DoubleLine does not sell its customers’ non-public personal information to any
third parties. DoubleLine uses its customers’ non-public personal information
primarily to complete financial transactions that its customers request (where
applicable), to make its customers aware of other financial products and
services offered by a DoubleLine affiliated company, and to satisfy obligations
we owe to regulatory bodies.
Information
We May Collect
We
may collect various types of personal data about you, including:
• |
|
Your
personal identification information, which may include your name and
passport information, your IP address, politically exposed person (“PEP”) status, and such other information
as may be necessary for us to provide our services to you and to complete
our customer due diligence process and discharge anti-money laundering
obligations; |
• |
|
Your
contact information, which may include postal address and e-mail address
and your home and mobile telephone numbers; |
• |
|
Your
family relationships, which may include your marital status, the identity
of your spouse and the number of children that you have;
|
• |
|
Your
professional and employment information, which may include your level of
education and professional qualifications, your employment, employer’s
name and details of directorships and other offices which you may hold;
and |
• |
|
Financial
information, risk tolerance, sources of wealth and your assets, which may
include details of shareholdings and beneficial interests in financial
instruments, your bank details and your credit history.
|
Where
We Obtain Your Personal Information
• |
|
Information
we receive about you on applications or other forms;
|
• |
|
Information
you may give us orally; |
• |
|
Information
about your transactions with us or others; |
• |
|
Information
you submit to us in correspondence, including emails or other electronic
communications; and |
• |
|
Information
about any bank account you use for transfers between your bank account and
any DoubleLine investment account, including information provided when
effecting wire transfers. |
Information
Collected From Websites
Websites
maintained by DoubleLine or its service providers may use a variety of
technologies to collect information that help DoubleLine and its service
providers understand how the website is used. Information collected from your
web browser (including small files stored on your device that are commonly
referred to as ”cookies”) allow the websites to recognize your
-92-
web
browser and help to personalize and improve your user experience and enhance
navigation of the website. You can change your cookie preferences by changing
the setting on your web browser to delete or reject cookies. If you delete or
reject cookies, some website pages may not function properly. Our websites may
contain links are maintained or controlled by third parties, each of which has
privacy policies which may differ, in some cases significantly, from the privacy
policies described in this notice. Please read the privacy policies of such
third parties and understand that accessing their websites is at your own risk.
Please contact your DoubleLine representative if you would like to receive more
information about the privacy policies of third parties.
We
also use web analytics services, which currently include but are not limited to
Google Analytics and Adobe Analytics. Such web analytics services use cookies
and similar technologies to evaluate visitor’s use of the domain, compile
statistical reports on domain activity, and provide other services related to
our websites. For more information about Google Analytics, or to opt out of
Google Analytics, please go to https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. For
more information about Adobe Analytics, or to opt out of Adobe Analytics, please
go to: http://www.adobe.com/privacy/opt-out.html.
How
And Why We May Disclose Your Information
DoubleLine
does not disclose any non-public personal information about our customers or
former customers without the customer’s authorization, except that we may
disclose the information listed above, as follows:
• |
|
It
may be necessary for DoubleLine to provide information to nonaffiliated
third parties in connection with our performance of the services we have
agreed to provide to the Funds or you. For example, it might be necessary
to do so in order to process transactions and maintain accounts.
|
• |
|
DoubleLine
will release any of the non-public information listed above about a
customer if directed to do so by that customer or if DoubleLine is
required or authorized by law to do so, such as for the purpose of
compliance with regulatory requirements or in the case of a court order,
legal investigation, or other properly executed governmental request.
|
• |
|
In
order to alert a customer to other financial products and services offered
by an affiliate, DoubleLine may disclose information to an affiliate,
including companies using the DoubleLine name. Such products and services
may include, for example, other investment products offered by a
DoubleLine company. If you prefer that we not disclose non-public personal
information about you to our affiliates for this purpose, you may direct
us not to make such disclosures (other than disclosures permitted by law)
by contacting us at [email protected] or at 1 (800) 285-1545. If
you limit this sharing and you have a joint account, your decision will be
applied to all owners of the account. |
We
will limit access to your personal account information to those agents and
vendors who need to know that information to provide products and services to
you. We do not share your information to nonaffiliated third parties for
marketing purposes. We maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards
to guard your non-public personal information.
Notice
Related To The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) And To “Natural Persons”
Residing In The State Of California
DoubleLine
collects and uses information that identifies, describes, references, links or
relates to, or is associated with, a particular consumer or device (“Personal Information”). Personal Information we
collect from our customers and consumers is covered under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Act (“GLBA”) and is therefore excluded
from the scope of the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the
California Privacy Rights Act (together, “CCPA“).
However,
for California residents who are not DoubleLine customers or consumers, as those
terms are defined by GLBA, the personal information we collect about you is
subject to the CCPA. As such, you have privacy rights with respect to your
personal information. Please review the following applicable California privacy
notice that is available at https://www.doubleline.com, or by contacting us at
[email protected] or at 1 (800) 285-1545.
• |
|
CA
Privacy Notice for Website Visitors, Media Subscribers and Business
Representatives |
• |
|
CA
Privacy Notice for Employees. |
-93-
Notice
Related To “Natural Persons” Residing In The European Economic Area (the “EEA”)
If
you reside in the EEA, we may transfer your personal information outside the
EEA, and will ensure that it is protected and transferred in a manner consistent
with legal requirements applicable to the information. This can be done in a
number of different ways, for instance:
• |
|
the
country to which we send the personal information may have been assessed
by the European Commission as providing an ”adequate” level of protection
for personal data; or |
• |
|
the
recipient may have signed a contract based on standard contractual clauses
approved by the European Commission. |
In
other circumstances, the law may permit us to otherwise transfer your personal
information outside the EEA. In all cases, however, any transfer of your
personal information will be compliant with applicable data protection law.
Notice
to Investors In Cayman Islands Investment Funds
If
you are a natural person, please review this notice as it applies to you
directly. If you are a legal representative of a corporate or entity investor
that provides us with any personal information about individuals (i.e., natural
persons), you agree to furnish a copy of this notice to each such individual or
otherwise advise them of its content.
Any
international transfer of personal information will be compliant with the
requirements of the Data Protection Act, 2017 of the Cayman Islands.
Privacy
For Children
DoubleLine
is concerned about the privacy of children. Our website and our services are not
targeted at individuals under 18 years of age, and we do not knowingly collect
any personal information from an individual under 18. If we learn that a child
under the age of 13 (or such higher age as required by applicable law) has
submitted personally identifiable information online without parental consent,
we will take all reasonable measures to delete such information from its
databases and to not use such information for any purpose (except where
necessary to protect the safety of the child or others as required or allowed by
law). If you become aware of any personally identifiable information, we have
collected from children under 13 (or such higher age as required by applicable
law), please contact us at
[email protected] or at 1 (800) 285-1545.
We do not sell or share any personal information and have no actual knowledge
about selling or sharing personal information of individuals under the age of
16.
Retention
Of Personal Information And Security
Your
personal information will be retained for as long as required:
• |
|
for
the purposes for which the personal information was collected;
|
• |
|
in
order to establish or defend legal rights or obligations or to satisfy any
reporting or accounting obligations; and/or |
• |
|
as
required by data protection laws and any other applicable laws or
regulatory requirements, including, but not limited to U.S. laws and
regulations applicable to our business. |
We
will undertake commercially reasonable efforts to protect the personal
information that we hold with appropriate security measures.
Access
To And Control Of Your Personal Information
Depending
on your country of domicile or applicable law, you may have the following rights
in respect of the personal information about you that we process:
• |
|
the
right to access and port personal information; |
• |
|
the
right to rectify personal information; |
• |
|
the
right to restrict the use of personal information;
|
-94-
• |
|
the
right to request that personal information is erased; and
|
• |
|
the
right to object to processing of personal information.
|
Although
you have the right to request that your personal information be deleted at any
time, applicable laws or regulatory requirements may prohibit us from doing so.
In addition, if you invest in a DoubleLine fund through a financial
intermediary, DoubleLine may not have access to personal information about you.
If
you wish to exercise any of the rights set out above, please contact us at
[email protected] or at 1 (800) 285-1545.
Changes
To DoubleLine’s Privacy Policy
DoubleLine
reserves the right to modify its privacy policy at any time, but in the event
that there is a change that affects the content of this notice materially,
DoubleLine will promptly inform its customers of such changes in accordance with
applicable law.
-95-
|
| |
|
|
DoubleLine
ETF Trust |
You
can find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement
of Additional Information (SAI)
The
Funds’ SAI provides more details about each Fund’s investments and its policies.
A current SAI is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this document and is legally considered part
of this Prospectus. The SAI is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s
Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a
duplicating fee, by electronic request at
[email protected].
Annual
and Semi-Annual Reports
Additional
information about each Fund’s investments is or will be available in the Funds’
annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The Funds’ annual report
contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that
affected the Funds’ performance during the Funds’ most recent fiscal year.
To
Obtain Information
You
can obtain a free copy of these documents, request other information, or make
general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds:
By Internet:
www.doubleline.com
By Telephone:
(855) 937‑0772
By Mail:
Write to:
DoubleLine
ETF Trust
2002 North
Tampa Street, Suite 200
Tampa, FL
30062
Reports
and other information about the Funds (including the SAI) are available on the
EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and
copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by
electronic request at
[email protected].
If
someone makes a statement about a Fund that is not in this Prospectus, you
should not rely upon that information. No Fund or the distributor is offering to
sell Fund shares to any person to whom the Fund may not lawfully sell its
shares.
DoubleLine
Shiller CAPE® U.S.
Equities ETF utilizes the ActiveShares® methodology licensed from
Precidian Investments, LLC (“Precidian”). Precidian’s products and services are
protected by domestic and international intellectual property protections,
including, without limitation, the following issued patents and pending patent
applications: 7813987, 8285624, 7925562, 13011746, 14528658, 14208966, 16196560.
SEC
File Number: 811-23746
DoubleLine || 2002 N. Tampa Street, Suite 200 || Tampa, FL 33602 || (855) 937-0772
DL-ETFPRO