485BPOS

VICTORY PORTFOLIOS III
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

JULY 1, 2024

FUND NAME	FUND SHARES	INSTITUTIONAL SHARES	CLASS A	CLASS C	CLASS R6
Victory California Bond Fund	USCBX	UCBIX	UXABX	—	—
Victory New York Bond Fund	USNYX	UNYIX	UNYBX	—	—
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	USVAX	UVAIX	UVABX	—	—

(each a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”)

Each Fund is a series of Victory Portfolios III (the “Trust”)

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and contains information in addition to, and more detailed than, that set forth in each Fund’s prospectus. It is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Trust and the Funds and should be read in conjunction with each Fund’s prospectus dated as of the same date of this SAI as set forth above, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time (each, a “Prospectus”). The SAI is incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into each Prospectus. You may obtain a free copy of the Prospectus for each Fund by writing to Victory Portfolios III, PO Box 182593, Columbus, OH 43218-2593, or by calling toll free (800) 235-8396, or at VictoryFunds.com.

The financial statement for each Fund and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report thereon for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, are included in the respective Fund’s annual report to shareholders of that date and are incorporated herein by reference. The annual report to shareholders is available, without charge, on the Funds’ website or by writing or calling the Trust at the above address or toll-free phone number.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Information	1
Valuation of Securities	1
Conditions of Purchase and Redemption	2
Additional Information Regarding Redemption of Shares	2
Investment Plans	5
Investment Objectives, Practices, Policies, and Risks	6
Investment Restrictions	19
Special Risk Considerations	20
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions	44
Fund History and Description of Shares	46
Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations	47
Virginia Tax Considerations	50
Management of the Trust	51
Control Persons and Principal Shareholders	59
The Trust’s Adviser and Other Service Providers	60
Codes of Ethics	65
Distribution and Service Plans	66
Portfolio Manager Disclosure	68
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure	70
Appendix A - Tax-Exempt Securities and their Ratings	73

General Information

Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital,” “Adviser,” or “Manager”) serves as the adviser of the Funds, and Victory Capital Services, Inc. (“VCS” or “Distributor”) serves as the distributor of the Fund's shares on a continuing, best-efforts basis. Prior to July 1, 2019, USAA Asset Management Company (“AMCO” or “Predecessor Adviser”) served as the adviser of the Funds and USAA Investment Management Company served as the distributor of the Fund's shares.

The Trust, formerly known as USAA Mutual Funds Trust and USAA State Tax-Free Trust, is an open-end management investment company established as a statutory trust under the laws of the state of Delaware pursuant to a Master Trust Agreement dated June 21, 1993, as amended. The Trust is authorized to issue shares of beneficial interest in separate portfolios. The Trust currently includes 45 portfolios, three of which are described in this SAI.

The Victory California Bond Fund, Victory New York Bond Fund, and Victory Virginia Bond Fund are referred to as the “Fixed Income Funds.”

Much of the information in this SAI is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Trust and the Funds and should be read in conjunction with each Fund’s Prospectus. The Prospectus provides the basic information you should know before investing in a Fund.

Valuation of Securities

A Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share is calculated each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is closed. The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Each Fund reserves the right to calculate the NAV per share on a business day that the NYSE is closed.

The Adviser, acting as the valuation designee, has established the Pricing and Liquidity Committee (the “Committee”); and subject to the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) oversight, the Committee administers and oversees each Fund’s valuation policies and procedures, which are approved by the Board. Among other things, these policies and procedures allow a Fund to use independent pricing services, quotations from securities dealers, and a wide variety of sources and information to establish and adjust the fair value of securities as events occur and circumstances warrant.

The Committee reports to the Board on a quarterly basis and provides information that assists the Board in satisfying their oversight of the Adviser's services as valuation designee. The Committee presents to the Board material fair value matters that occurred during the preceding quarter.

The Committee meets as often as necessary and makes recommendations on establishing, applying, and testing fair value methodologies. Additionally, the Committee assess and manages risk, evaluates pricing services, and applies fair value determinations in accordance with fair valuation policies and procedures.

The value of securities of each Fund is determined by one or more of the following methods:

Investments of each Fund generally are traded in the over-the-counter market and are valued each business day by a pricing service (the “Service”) approved by the Adviser as valuation designee. The Service uses evaluated bid or the last sale price to price securities when, in the Service’s judgment, these prices are readily available and are representative of the securities’ market values. For many securities, such prices are not readily available. The Service generally prices these securities based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices of securities the interest on which is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“tax-exempt securities”) of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers in securities; and general market conditions.

Investments in non-exchange traded open-end investment companies are valued at their NAV at the end of each business day. Futures are valued at the settlement price at the close of market on the principal exchange on which they are traded or, in the absence of any transactions that day, the last sale on the prior trading date. Options are valued at the mean between the last bid and ask prices. Short-term debt securities with original or remaining maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost, provided that it is determined that amortized cost represents the fair value of such securities. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures under which the Committee, subject to supervision by the Board, monitors the continued appropriateness of amortized cost valuation for such securities. Repurchase agreements are valued at cost.

In the event that price quotations or valuations are not readily available, are not reflective of market value or a significant event has been recognized in relation to a security or class of securities, the securities are valued in good faith by the Committee in accordance

with valuation procedures approved by the Board. The effect of fair value pricing is that securities may not be priced on the basis of quotations from the primary market in which they are traded, and the actual price realized from the sale of a security may differ materially from the fair value price. Valuing these securities at fair value is intended to cause the Fund’s NAV to be more reliable than it otherwise would be.

Fair value methods used by the Adviser include, but are not limited to, obtaining market quotations from secondary pricing services, broker-dealers, other pricing services, or widely used quotation systems. General factors considered in determining the fair value of securities include fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition of the securities, evaluation of credit quality, and an evaluation of the forces that influenced the market in which the securities are purchased and sold.

Conditions of Purchase and Redemption

Nonpayment

If any order to purchase shares directly from the Trust is canceled due to nonpayment or if the Trust does not receive good funds by check or electronic funds transfer, Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (“Transfer Agent”), formerly known as USAA Transfer Agency Company d/b/a USAA Shareholder Account Services, will treat the cancellation as a redemption of shares purchased, and you may be responsible for any resulting loss incurred by a Fund or the Adviser. If you hold shares in an account with the Transfer Agent, the Transfer Agent can redeem shares from any of your account(s) with the Transfer Agent as reimbursement for all losses. In addition, you may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in other funds sponsored or managed by Victory Capital. A $29 fee is charged for all returned items, including checks and electronic funds transfers.

Transfer of Shares

Under certain circumstances, you may transfer Fund shares to another person by sending written instructions to the Transfer Agent. The account must be clearly identified, and you must include the number of shares to be transferred and the signatures of all registered owners. You also need to send written instructions signed by all registered owners and supporting documents to change an account registration due to events such as marriage or death. If a new account needs to be established, you must complete and return an application to the Transfer Agent.

Confirmations and Account Statements

Fund shareholders will receive a confirmation for each purchase, redemption, exchange, or share conversion transacted in their account. However, confirmations will not be sent for all dividend and capital gain distribution reinvestments and purchases through certain automatic investment plans and certain retirement plans, as well as certain automatic exchanges and withdrawals (excluding those in money market funds). These transactions will be confirmed at least quarterly on shareholder account statements.

Additional Information Regarding Redemption of Shares

The value of your investment at the time of redemption of your shares may be more or less than the cost at purchase, depending on the value of the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio. Requests for redemption that are subject to any special conditions or that specify an effective date other than as provided herein cannot be accepted. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes may be realized on the redemption of shares of a Fund, depending upon their aggregate NAV when redeemed and your basis in those shares for those purposes.

Shares of a Fund may be offered to other investment companies that are structured as funds-of-funds, to institutional investors, to financial intermediaries, and to other large investors (e.g., managed account programs offered by affiliated and unaffiliated investment advisers). These investors may, from time to time, own or control a significant percentage of a Fund’s shares. Accordingly, each Fund is subject to the potential for large-scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions by large investors in the Fund. These inflows and outflows may be frequent and could increase a Fund’s expense ratio, transaction costs, and taxable capital gain distributions (of net gains realized on the liquidation of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests), which could negatively affect the Fund’s performance and could cause shareholders to be subject to higher federal income tax with respect to their investments in the Fund. These inflows and outflows also could limit the Adviser's ability to manage investments of a Fund in an efficient manner, which could adversely impact the Fund's performance and its ability to meet its investment objective. For example, after a large inflow, a Fund may hold a higher level of cash than it might hold under normal circumstances while the Adviser seeks appropriate investment opportunities for the Fund. In addition, large inflows and outflows may limit the ability of a Fund to meet redemption requests and pay redemption proceeds within the time period stated in its prospectus because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, or other reasons, and could cause a Fund to purchase or sell securities when it would not normally do so, which would be particularly disadvantageous for a Fund if it needs to sell securities at a time of volatility in the markets, when values could be falling.

Shares normally are redeemed in cash, although each Fund reserves the right to redeem some or all of its shares in kind by delivering securities from a Fund’s portfolio of investments, rather than cash, under unusual circumstances or in order to protect the interests of remaining shareholders. Securities distributed in kind would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating a Fund’s NAV. If a Fund redeems your shares in kind, you may bear transaction costs and will bear market risks until such securities are converted into cash.

Accounts held with the Transfer Agent with a balance of less than $500 may be subject to automatic redemption, provided that (1) the value of the account has been reduced, below the minimum initial investment in such Fund at the time the account was established, for reasons other than market action, (2) the account has remained below the minimum level for six months, and (3) 30 days’ prior written notice of the proposed redemption has been sent to you. The Trust anticipates closing certain small accounts yearly. Shares will be redeemed at the NAV on the date fixed for redemption. Prompt payment will be made directly to your bank account on file, or if none, by mail to your last known address.

The Trust reserves the right to suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment (1) for any periods during which the NYSE is closed, (2) when trading in the markets the Trust normally uses is restricted, or an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of the Trust’s investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (3) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for protection of the Trust’s shareholders.

For the mutual protection of the investor and the Funds, the Trust may require a signature guarantee. If required, each signature on the account registration must be guaranteed. Signature guarantees are acceptable from FDIC member banks, brokers, dealers, municipal securities dealers, municipal securities brokers, government securities dealers, government securities brokers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies, and savings associations. A signature guarantee for active duty military personnel stationed abroad may be provided by an officer of the United States Embassy or Consulate, a staff officer of the Judge Advocate General, or an individual’s commanding officer.

Fund's Right to Reject Purchase and Exchange Orders and Limit Trading in Accounts

The main safeguard of the Funds and each series of the Trust (together, the “Affiliated Funds”) against excessive short-term trading is their right to reject purchase or exchange orders if in the best interest of the affected Fund. In exercising this discretion to reject purchase and exchange orders, the Affiliated Funds deem that certain excessive short-term trading activities are not in the best interest of the affected Fund because such activities can hamper the efficient management of the Fund. Generally, persons with a history of three short-term transactions within 90 days or less are suspected of market timing and the shareholder’s trading privileges (other than redemption of Fund shares) will be suspended. The Affiliated Funds also reserve the right to restrict future purchases or exchanges if an investor is classified as engaged in other patterns of excessive short-term trading, including after one large disruptive purchase and redemption or exchange. Finally, each Fund reserves the right to reject any other purchase or exchange order in other situations that do not involve excessive short-term trading activities if in the best interest of the Fund. For this purpose, a short-term transaction is a purchase or redemption of a Fund and, as applicable, a subsequent redemption or purchase of the same Fund, or an exchange of all or part of that same Fund.

The following transactions are exempt from the excessive short-term trading activity policies described above:

• Transactions in the money market funds, Victory Short-Term Bond Fund, Victory Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund, and Victory Tax Exempt Short-Term Fund;

• Purchases and sales pursuant to automatic investment or withdrawal plans;

• Purchases and sales made through USAA 529 Education Savings Plan;

• Purchases and sales made in certain separately managed accounts in wrap fee programs;

• Purchases and sales by the Victory Target Retirement Funds, Victory Cornerstone Conservative Fund, and/or Victory Cornerstone Equity Fund; and

• Other transactions that are not motivated by short-term trading considerations if they are approved by Transfer Agent management personnel and are not disruptive to a Fund.

If a person is classified as having engaged in excessive short-term trading, the remedy will depend upon the trading activities of the investor in the account and related accounts and its disruptive effect, and can include warnings to cease such activity and/or restrictions or termination of trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund or all of the Affiliated Funds.

The Affiliated Funds rely on the Transfer Agent to review trading activity for excessive short-term trading. There can be no assurance, however, that its monitoring activities will successfully detect or prevent all excessive short-term trading. The Affiliated Funds or the Transfer Agent may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time.

The Affiliated Funds seek to apply these policies and procedures uniformly to all investors; however, some investors purchase shares of Affiliated Funds through financial intermediaries that establish omnibus accounts to invest in the Affiliated Funds for their clients and submit net orders to purchase or redeem shares after combining their client orders. The Affiliated Funds subject to short-term trading policies generally treat each omnibus account as an individual investor and will apply the short-term trading policies to the net purchases and sales submitted by the omnibus account unless the Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent have entered into an agreement requiring the omnibus account to submit the underlying trading information for their clients upon our request and/or monitor for excessive trading. For those omnibus accounts for which we have entered into agreements to monitor excessive trading or provide underlying trade information, the financial intermediary or Affiliated Funds will review net activity in these omnibus accounts for activity that indicates potential, excessive short-term trading activity. If we detect suspicious trading activity at the omnibus account level, we will request underlying trading information and review the underlying trading activity to identify individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity. We will instruct the omnibus account to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges in a particular Affiliated Fund for individual accounts identified as engaging in excessive short-term trading through these omnibus accounts.

We also may rely on the financial intermediary to review and identify underlying trading activity for individual accounts engaged in excessive short-term trading activity, and to restrict, limit, or terminate trading privileges if we determine the intermediary’s policies to be at least as stringent as the Affiliated Funds’ policy. For shares purchased through financial intermediaries, there may be additional or more restrictive policies. You may wish to contact your financial intermediary to determine the policies applicable to your account.

Because of the increased costs to review underlying trading information, the Affiliated Funds will not enter into agreements with every financial intermediary that operates an omnibus account. The Affiliated Funds or their Transfer Agent could decide to enter into such contracts with financial intermediaries for all Funds or particular Funds, and can terminate such agreements at any time.

Purchasing Shares

Alternative Sales Arrangements — Class A.

Alternative sales arrangements permit an investor to choose the method of purchasing shares that is more beneficial depending on the amount of the purchase, the length of time the investor expects to hold shares and other relevant circumstances. When comparing the classes of shares, when more than one is offered in the same Fund, investors should understand that the purpose and function of the Class C asset-based sales charge are the same as those of the Class A initial sales charge. Any salesperson or other person entitled to receive compensation for selling Fund shares may receive different compensation with respect to one class of shares in comparison to another class of shares. Generally, Class A shares have lower ongoing expenses than Class C shares, but are subject to an initial sales charge. Which class would be advantageous to an investor depends on the number of years the shares will be held. Over very long periods of time, the lower expenses of Class A shares may offset the cost of the Class A initial sales charge. Not all Investment Professionals (as described in each Fund’s Prospectus) will offer all classes of shares.

Each class of shares represents interests in the same portfolio investments of a Fund. However, each class has different shareholder privileges and features. The net income attributable to a particular class and the dividends payable on these shares will be reduced by incremental expenses borne solely by that class, including any asset-based sales charge to which these shares may be subject.

The Fund reserves the right to change the criteria for eligible investors and the investment minimums. The Fund also reserves the right to refuse a purchase order for any reason, including if it believes that doing so would be in the best interest of the Fund and shareholders.

The methodology for calculating the NAV, dividends and distributions of the share classes of the Fund recognizes two types of expenses. General expenses that do not pertain specifically to a class are allocated to the shares of each class, based upon the percentage that the net assets of such class bears to a Fund’s total net assets and then pro rata to each outstanding share within a given class. Such general expenses include (1) management fees, (2) legal, bookkeeping and audit fees, (3) printing and mailing costs of shareholder reports, prospectuses, statements of additional information and other materials for current shareholders, (4) fees to the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser, (5) custodian expenses, (6) share issuance costs, (7) organization and start-up costs, (8) interest, taxes and brokerage commissions, and (9) non-recurring expenses, such as litigation costs. Other expenses that are directly attributable to a class are allocated equally to each outstanding share within that class. Such expenses include (1) Rule 12b-1 distribution fees and shareholder servicing fees, (2) incremental transfer and shareholder servicing agent fees and expenses, (3) registration fees, and (4) shareholder meeting expenses, to the extent that such expenses pertain to a specific class rather than to a Fund as a whole.

Dealer Reallowances. The following table shows the amount of the front-end sales load that is reallowed to dealers as a percentage of the offering price of Class A shares of the Fixed Income Funds.

Amount of Purchase	Initial Sales Charge: % of Offering Price	Concession to Dealers: % of Offering Price
Less than $100,000	2.25%	2.00%
$100,000 to $249,999	1.75%	1.50%
Over $250,000*	0.00%	0.00%**

* There is no initial sales charge on purchases of $250,000 or more; however, a sales concession and/or advance of a Rule 12b-1 fee may be paid and such purchases are potentially subject to a CDSC, as set forth below.

** Investment Professionals may receive payment on purchases of $250,000 or more of Class A shares that are sold at NAV as follows: 0.75% of the current purchase amount if cumulative prior purchases sold at NAV plus the current purchase is less than $3 million; 0.50% of the current purchase amount if the cumulative prior purchases sold at NAV plus the current purchase is $3 million to $4,999,999; and 0.25% on of the current purchase amount if the cumulative prior purchases sold at NAV plus the current purchase is $5 million or more. In addition, in connection with such purchases, the Distributor or its affiliates may advance Rule 12b-1 fees of 0.25% of the purchase amount to Investment Professionals for providing services to shareholders.

Except as noted in this SAI, a CDSC of up to 0.75% may be imposed on any such shares redeemed within the first 18 months after purchase. CDSCs are based on the lower of the cost of the shares or NAV at the time of redemption. No CDSC is imposed on reinvested distributions.

The Distributor reserves the right to pay the entire commission to dealers. If that occurs, the dealer may be considered an “underwriter” under federal securities laws.

Sample Calculation of Maximum Offering Price

Class A shares of the Fixed Income Funds are sold with a maximum initial sales charge of 2.25%. Set forth below is an example of the method of computing the offering price of the Class A shares of the Funds. The example assumes a purchase of Class A shares aggregating less than $50,000 subject to the schedule of sales charges set forth in the Prospectus at a price based upon the NAV of the Class A shares.

Fixed Income Funds
NAV per share	$10.00
Per Share Sales Charge—2.25% of public offering price (2.30% of net asset value per share) for each Fund	$0.23
Per Share Offering Price to the Public	$10.23

Reinstatement Privilege. Within 90 days of a redemption, a shareholder may reinvest all or part of the redemption proceeds of Class A or Class C shares in the same class of shares of a Fund or any of the other Funds into which shares of the Fund are exchangeable, as described above, at the NAV next computed after receipt by the transfer agent of the reinvestment order. No service charge is currently made for reinvestment in shares of the Funds. Class C share proceeds reinstated do not result in a refund of any CDSC paid by the shareholder, but the reinstated shares will be treated as CDSC exempt upon reinstatement. The shareholder must ask the Distributor for such privilege at the time of reinvestment. Any capital gain that was realized when the shares were redeemed is taxable, even if the proceeds are reinvested. Depending on the timing and amount of a potential reinvestment, some or all of a capital loss from redemption may not be deductible. If the redemption proceeds of Fund shares on which a sales charge was paid are reinvested in shares of the same Fund or another Fund offered by the Trust within 90 days of payment of the sales charge, the shareholder’s basis in the redeemed shares may not include the amount of the sales charge paid. Without the additional basis, the shareholder will have more gain or less loss upon redemption. The Funds may amend, suspend, or cease offering this reinvestment privilege at any time as to shares redeemed after the date of such amendment, suspension, or cessation. The reinstatement must be into an account bearing the same registration.

Investment Plans

Under certain circumstances, the Trust makes available the following investment plans to shareholders of the Funds. At the time you sign up for any of the following investment plans that use the electronic funds transfer service, you will choose the day of the month (the “Effective Date”) on which you would like to regularly purchase shares. When this day falls on a weekend or holiday, the electronic transfer will take place on the last business day prior to the Effective Date. You may terminate your participation in a plan at any time. Please call the Adviser for details and necessary forms or applications or sign up online at vcm.com.

Automatic Purchase of Shares

Automatic Investment Plan – The regular purchase of additional shares through electronic funds transfer from a checking or savings account. You may invest as little as $50 per transaction.

Automatic Transfer Plan – The periodic transfer of funds from a Victory money market fund to purchase shares in another non-money market Victory mutual fund. There is a minimum investment required for this program of $5,000 in the money market fund, with a monthly transaction minimum of $50.

Buy/Sell Service – The intermittent purchase or redemption of shares through electronic funds transfer to or from a checking or savings account. You may initiate a “buy” or “sell” whenever you choose.

Directed Dividends – If you own shares in more than one of the funds in the Victory Funds, you may direct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions received from one fund be used to purchase shares automatically in the same class of another of those funds.

Participation in these automatic purchase plans allows you to engage in dollar-cost averaging.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan

If you own shares in a single investment account (accounts in different Victory Funds cannot be aggregated for this purpose), you may request that enough shares to produce a fixed amount of money be liquidated from the account monthly, quarterly, or annually. The amount of each withdrawal must be at least $50. Using the electronic funds transfer service, you may choose to have withdrawals electronically deposited at your bank or other financial institution. You also may elect to have such withdrawals invested in another Victory Fund.

This plan may be initiated by completing a Systematic Withdrawal Plan application, which may be requested from the Adviser. You may terminate participation in the plan at any time. You are not charged for withdrawals under the Systematic Withdrawal Plan. The Trust will not bear any expenses in administering the plan beyond the regular Transfer Agent and custodian costs of issuing and redeeming shares. The Adviser will bear any additional expenses of administering the plan.

Withdrawals will be made by redeeming full and fractional shares on the date you select at the time the plan is established. Withdrawal payments made under this plan may exceed dividends and other distributions and, to that extent, would reduce the dollar value of your investment and could eventually exhaust the account. Reinvesting dividends and other distributions help replenish the account. Because share values and net investment income can fluctuate, you should not expect withdrawals to be offset by rising income or share value gains. Withdrawals that exceed the value in your account will be processed for the amount available, and the plan will be canceled.

Each redemption of shares of a Fund may result in realization of a gain or loss, which must be reported on your federal income tax return. Therefore, you should keep an accurate record of any gain or loss realized on each withdrawal.

Investment Objectives, Practices, Policies, and Risks

Investment Objective

The section captioned Additional Fund Information in each Fund's prospectus describes the investment objective and the investment policies applicable to each Fund. There can, of course, be no assurance that each Fund will achieve its investment objective. Each Fund’s objective is not a fundamental policy and may be changed upon written notice to, but without the approval of, the Fund's shareholders. If there is a change in the investment objective of a Fund, the Fund’s shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of then-current needs.

Investment Practices, Policies, and Risks

The following provides additional information about the investment policies, practices, types of instruments, and certain risks that the Funds may be subject to. Unless described as a principal investment policy in a Fund’s prospectus, these represent the non-principal investment policies of the Funds.

Adjustable-Rate Securities

Each Fund may invest in adjustable-rate securities. The interest rate on an adjustable-rate security fluctuates periodically. Generally, the security’s yield is based on a U.S. dollar-based interest rate benchmark such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index Yield. The yields on these securities are reset on a periodic basis (for example, daily, weekly, or quarterly) or upon a change in the benchmark interest rate. The yields are closely correlated to changes in money market interest rates.

Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities

Pursuant to the investment restrictions that have been adopted by the Trust for each Fund, each Fund may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act. “Senior securities” are defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any Fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a Fund from issuing senior securities except that the Fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third (33 1/3%) of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) from banks. Any borrowings that exceed this amount will be reduced within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation even if it is not advantageous to sell securities at that time. Borrowings may be used for a variety of purposes, including (i) for temporary or emergency purposes, (ii) in anticipation of or in response to adverse market conditions, (iii) for cash management purposes, and (iv) for investment purposes. Borrowed money will cost a Fund interest expense and/or other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. To the extent that a Fund has outstanding borrowings, it will be leveraged. Leveraging generally exaggerates the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s securities.

Each Fund, together with other funds of the Trust and Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds, participates in a 364-day committed credit facility and a 364-day uncommitted, demand credit facility with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). Each such credit facility may be renewed if so agreed by the parties. Under the agreement with Citibank, the Funds may borrow up to $600 million, of which $300 million is committed and $300 million is uncommitted. Of this amount, $40 million committed of the line of credit and $60 million of the uncommitted line of credit are reserved for use by the Victory Floating Rate Fund (a series of Victory Portfolios), with that Fund paying the related commitment fees for that amount. The purpose of each agreement is to meet temporary or emergency cash needs. For the committed credit facility, Citibank receives an annual commitment fee of 0.15%. Each Fund pays a pro-rata portion (adjusted for the amount of credit reserved for the Victory Floating Rate Fund) of these fees and pays the interest on any amount that it borrows.

Calculations of Dollar-Weighted Average Portfolio Maturity

Dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity is derived by multiplying the value of each debt instrument by the number of days remaining to its maturity, adding these calculations, and then dividing the total by the value of a Fund’s debt instruments. An obligation’s maturity typically is determined on a stated final maturity basis, although there are some exceptions to this rule.

With respect to obligations held by each Fund, if it is probable that the issuer of an instrument will take advantage of a maturity-shortening device, such as a call, refunding, or redemption provision, the date on which the instrument will probably be called, refunded, or redeemed may be considered to be its maturity date. Also, the maturities of mortgage-backed securities, some asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and securities subject to sinking fund arrangements are determined on a weighted average life basis, which is the average time for principal to be repaid. For mortgage-backed securities and some ABS, this average time is calculated by assuming prepayment rates of the underlying loans. These prepayment rates can vary depending upon the level and volatility of interest rates. This, in turn, can affect the weighted average life of the security. The weighted average lives of these securities will be shorter than their stated final maturities. In addition, for purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, an instrument will be treated as having a maturity earlier than its stated maturity date if the instrument has technical features such as puts or demand features that, in the judgment of the Adviser, will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.

Finally, for purposes of calculating the dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of these Funds, the maturity of a debt instrument with a periodic interest reset date will be deemed to be the next reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument if, in the judgment of the Adviser, the periodic interest reset features will result in the instrument being valued in the market as though it has the earlier maturity.

Cover

Transactions using certain derivative instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Fund to an obligation to another party. A Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless there appears to be a liquid secondary market for such investments; or unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (covered) position in securities, currencies or other options, futures contracts or forward contracts, or (2) cash or liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above.

For more information about these practices, see the “Derivatives” section.

Cybersecurity Risk

Technology, such as the internet, has become more prevalent in the course of business; and as such, each Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risk resulting from cyber incidents. Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors, human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system

malfunctions, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital systems (through “hacking” or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks that shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality (including denial of service attacks). Cyber incidents could adversely impact a Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. Cyber incidents may cause a Fund or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (e.g., the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate a Fund’s NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber incidents also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Fund's service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, each Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect each Fund or its shareholders. In certain situations, the Funds, the Adviser, or a service provider may be required to comply with law enforcement in responding to a cybersecurity incident, which may prevent each Funds from fully implementing their cybersecurity plans and systems, and (in certain situations) may result in additional information loss or damage. Each Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Derivatives

Each Fund may buy and sell certain types of derivatives, such as inverse floating rate securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps (each as described below) under circumstances in which such instruments are expected by the Adviser to aid in achieving the Fund’s investment objective. Derivatives also may possess the characteristics of both futures and securities (e.g., debt instruments with interest and principal payments determined by reference to the value of a commodity or a currency at a future time) and which, therefore, possess the risks of both futures and securities investments.

Derivatives, such as futures contracts; options on currencies, securities, and securities indexes; options on futures contracts; and swaps enable a Fund to take both “short” positions (positions that anticipate a decline in the market value of a particular asset or index) and “long” positions (positions that anticipate an increase in the market value of a particular asset or index). Each Fund also may use strategies that involve simultaneous short and long positions in response to specific market conditions, such as where the Adviser anticipates unusually high or low market volatility.

The Adviser may enter into derivative positions for a Fund for either hedging or non-hedging purposes. The term hedging is applied to defensive strategies designed to protect a Fund from an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets that a Fund owns (in the case of a short hedge) or to protect a Fund from an expected rise in the market value of an asset or group of assets which it intends to acquire in the future (in the case of a long or “anticipatory” hedge). Non-hedging strategies include strategies designed to produce incremental income (such as the option writing strategy) or “speculative” strategies, which are undertaken to equitize the cash or cash equivalent portion of a Fund’s portfolio or to profit from (i) an expected decline in the market value of an asset or group of assets which a Fund does not own or (ii) expected increases in the market value of an asset which it does not plan to acquire.

Rule 18f-4 regulates the use of derivatives for certain funds registered under the Investment Company Act (“Rule 18f-4”). With respect to Funds that qualify as a “Full Compliance Derivatives User” and in compliance with Rule 18f-4, those Funds have adopted and implemented policies and procedures to manage the Funds’ aggregate derivatives risk. In addition, those Funds may trade derivatives and certain other instruments that create future payment or delivery obligations subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) based leverage limit, have established and implemented a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and testing requirements, appointed a derivatives risk manager, and has complied with all reporting requirements relating to board and SEC reporting, which include providing additional disclosure both publicly and to the SEC regarding its derivatives positions. For Funds that qualify as limited derivatives users, Rule 18f-4 requires those Funds to have policies and procedures to manage its aggregate derivatives risk. These requirements have an impact on the Funds, including a potential increase in cost to enter into derivatives transactions.

Diversification

Each Fund intends to be diversified as defined in the 1940 Act and to satisfy the restrictions against investing too much of its assets in any “issuer” as set forth in the prospectus. In implementing this policy, the identification of the issuer of a municipal security depends on the terms and conditions of the security. When the assets and revenues of an agency, authority, instrumentality, or other political subdivision are separate from those of the government creating it and the security is backed only by the assets and revenues of the subdivision, agency, authority, or instrumentality, the latter would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Similarly, if an industrial development revenue bond is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-government user, then that user would be deemed to be the sole issuer. However, if in either case the creating government or some other entity guarantees a security, the guarantee would be considered a separate security and would be treated as an issue of that government or other entity.

Futures Contracts

Each Fund may use futures contracts to implement its investment strategy. Futures contracts are publicly traded contracts to buy or sell an underlying asset or group of assets, such as a currency, interest rate, or an index of securities, at a future time at a specified price. Opening a position by buying a contract establishes a long position, while opening a position by selling a contract establishes a short position.

The purchase of a futures contract on a security or an index of securities normally enables a buyer to participate in the market movement of the underlying asset or index after paying a transaction charge and posting margin in an amount equal to a small percentage of the value of the underlying asset or index. A Fund initially will be required to deposit with the Trust’s custodian or the futures commission merchant (“FCM”) effecting the futures transaction an amount of “initial margin” in cash or securities, as permitted under applicable regulatory policies.

Initial margin in futures transactions is different from margin in securities transactions in that the former does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transaction. Rather, the initial margin is like a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments (called “maintenance or variation margin”) to and from the broker will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying asset fluctuates. This process is known as “marking to market.” For example, when a Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying asset has risen, that position will have increased in value and a Fund will receive from the broker a maintenance margin payment equal to the increase in value of the underlying asset. Conversely, when a Fund has taken a long position in a futures contract and the value of the underlying instrument has declined, the position would be less valuable, and a Fund would be required to make a maintenance margin payment to the broker.

At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, a Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will terminate a Fund’s position in the futures contract. A final determination of maintenance margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. While futures contracts with respect to securities do provide for the delivery and acceptance of such securities, such delivery and acceptance seldom are made.

The risk of loss in trading futures contracts can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required and the high degree of leveraging involved in futures pricing. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may cause an immediate and substantial loss or gain. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are: (i) imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the stocks held by a Fund and the prices of futures contracts; and (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures position prior to its maturity date. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures on securities, including technical influences in futures trading, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers.

For more information about these practices, see the “Derivatives” section.

Illiquid Securities

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. Illiquid securities generally are those securities that may not be expected to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. Investments in illiquid securities may impair a Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes.

Interfund Borrowing and Lending

Each Fund is entitled to rely on an exemptive order from the SEC allowing them to lend money to, and borrow money from, each other pursuant to a master interfund lending agreement (the “Interfund Lending Program”). Under the Interfund Lending Program, the Funds may lend or borrow money for temporary purposes directly to or from one another (an “Interfund Loan”), subject to meeting the conditions of the SEC exemptive order. All Interfund Loans will consist only of uninvested cash reserves that the lending Fund otherwise would invest in short-term repurchase agreements or other short-term instruments.

If a Fund has outstanding bank borrowings, any Interfund Loans to the Fund would: (a) be at an interest rate equal to or lower than that of any outstanding bank borrowing, (b) be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral, (c) have a maturity no longer than any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days), and (d) provide that, if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the Fund, that event of default by the Fund will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending Fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the master interfund lending agreement, entitling the lending Fund to call the Interfund Loan immediately (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral), and that such call will be made if the lending bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the borrowing Fund.

A Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis through the Interfund Lending Program only if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the interfund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets, provided that if the borrowing Fund has a secured loan outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another Fund, the lending Fund’s Interfund Loan will be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If a borrowing Fund’s total outstanding borrowings immediately after an Interfund Loan would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the Fund may borrow through the Interfund Lending Program only on a secured basis. A Fund may not borrow under the Interfund Lending Program or from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the borrowing would be more than 33 1/3% of its total assets or any lower threshold provided for by the Fund’s fundamental restrictions or non-fundamental policies.

No Fund may lend to another Fund through the Interfund Lending Program if the loan would cause the lending Fund’s aggregate outstanding loans through the Interfund Lending Program to exceed 15% of its current net assets at the time of the loan. A Fund’s Interfund Loans to any one Fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending Fund’s net assets. The duration of Interfund Loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days, and for purposes of this condition, loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions. Each Interfund Loan may be called on one business day’s notice by a lending Fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing Fund. The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund borrowing and lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund borrowing and lending for both a lending Fund and a borrowing Fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. When a Fund borrows money from another Fund, there is a risk that the Interfund Loan could be called on one business day’s notice or not renewed, in which case the Fund may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates if an Interfund Loan is not available from another Fund. Interfund Loans are subject to the risk that a borrowing Fund could be unable to repay the loan when due, and a delay in repayment to a lending Fund or from a borrowing Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional costs. No Fund may borrow more than the amount permitted by its investment limitations. The Interfund Lending Program is subject to the oversight and periodic review of the Board.

Inverse Floating Rate Securities

Each Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in municipal securities whose coupons vary inversely with changes in short-term tax-exempt interest rates and thus are considered leveraged investments in underlying municipal bonds (or securities with similar economic characteristics). In creating such a security, a municipality issues a certain amount of debt and pays a fixed interest rate. A portion of the debt is issued as variable rate short-term obligations, the interest rate of which is reset at short intervals, typically seven days or less. The other portion of the debt is issued as inverse floating rate obligations, the interest rate of which is calculated based on the difference between a multiple of (approximately two times) the interest paid by the issuer and the interest paid on the short-term obligation. These securities present special risks for two reasons: (1) if short-term interest rates rise (fall), the income a Fund earns on the inverse floating rate security will fall (rise); and (2) if long-term interest rates rise (fall) the value of the inverse floating rate security will fall (rise) more than the value of the underlying bond because of the leveraged nature of the investment. The Fund will seek to buy these securities at attractive values and yields that more than compensate the Fund for the securities’ price volatility.

Limitations and Risks of Options and Futures Activity

Each Fund may engage in both hedging and non-hedging strategies. Although effective hedging generally can capture the bulk of a desired risk adjustment, no hedge is completely effective. A Fund’s ability to hedge effectively through transactions in futures and options depends on the degree to which price movements in the hedged asset correlate with price movements of the futures and options.

Non-hedging strategies typically involve special risks. The profitability of a Fund’s non-hedging strategies will depend on the ability of the Adviser to analyze both the applicable derivatives market and the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Derivatives markets often are more volatile than corresponding securities markets, and a relatively small change in the price of the underlying asset or group of assets can have a magnified effect upon the price of a related derivative instrument.

Derivatives markets also are often less liquid than the market for the underlying asset or group of assets. Some positions in futures and options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close such an option or futures position prior to maturity. The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s ability to effectively carry out its derivative strategies and might, in some cases, require the Fund to deposit cash to meet applicable margin requirements.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If a Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option.

Historically, advisers of registered investment companies trading commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps), including the Funds, have been excluded from regulation as Commodity Pool Operators (“CPOs”) pursuant to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Regulation 4.5. In February 2012, the CFTC announced substantial amendments to the permissible exclusions, and to the conditions for reliance on the permissible exclusions, from registration as a CPO. To qualify for an exclusion under these amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5, if a Fund uses commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps) other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish these positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 5% of the Fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase are “in-the-money”) or, alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition, to qualify for an exclusion, a Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that a Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5 became effective on April 24, 2012.

The Adviser currently claims an exclusion (under CFTC Regulation 4.5) from registration as a CPO with respect to the Funds and, in its management of the Funds, intends to comply with one of the two alternative trading limitations described above and the marketing limitation. Complying with the trading limitations may restrict the Adviser’s ability to use derivatives as part of the Fund's investment strategies. Although the Adviser expects to be able to execute the Fund's investment strategies within the limitations, a Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. In addition, rules under the Dodd-Frank Act may limit the availability of certain derivatives, may make the use of derivatives by portfolios more costly, and may otherwise adversely impact the performance and value of derivatives.

For more information about these practices, see the “Derivatives” section.

Liquidity Determinations

Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act (the “Liquidity Rule”) requires the Funds to establish and maintain a liquidity risk management program (“LRMP”). The Liquidity Rule defines “illiquid security” as a security that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. Such securities include, but are not limited to, time deposits and repurchase agreements with maturities longer than seven days. Securities that may be resold under Rule 144A, securities offered pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), or securities otherwise subject to restrictions or limitations on resale under the 1933 Act shall not be deemed illiquid solely by reason of being unregistered. Victory Capital, under oversight of the Board, determines whether a particular security is deemed to be liquid based on the trading markets for the specific security and other factors.

Municipal Lease Obligations (“MLOs”)

Each Fund may invest in MLOs, which are installment purchase contract obligations, and certificates of participation in such obligations (collectively, “lease obligations”). Lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of a municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, although a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by a municipality’s covenant to budget for the payments due under the lease obligation.

Certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease obligation payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating a potential investment in such a lease obligation, the Adviser will consider: (1) the credit quality of the obligor; (2) whether the underlying property is essential to a governmental function; and (3) whether the lease obligation contains covenants prohibiting the obligor from substituting similar property if the obligor fails to make appropriations for the lease obligation.

Non-Investment-Grade Securities or “Junk Bonds”

Each Fund may invest directly or indirectly in or hold “junk bonds” or non-investment-grade securities. Non-investment grade securities (i.e., BB or lower by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service Inc. (“Moody’s”) or, if unrated, deemed to be of comparable quality by the Adviser) are speculative in nature, involve greater risk of default by the issuing entity, and may be subject to greater market fluctuations than higher rated fixed income securities. Non-investment-grade bonds, sometimes referred to as “junk bonds,” usually are issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by those

companies with questionable credit strength. The retail secondary market for these “junk bonds” may be less liquid than that of higher rated securities and adverse conditions could make it difficult at times to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s NAV. Also, there may be significant disparities in the prices quoted for “junk bonds” by various dealers. Under such conditions, the Fund may find it difficult to value its “junk bonds” accurately. The Fund’s investments in “junk bonds” also may be subject to greater credit risk because it may invest in debt securities issued in connection with corporate restructuring by highly leveraged issuers or in debt securities not current in the payment of interest or principal or in default. If the issuer of a security is in default with respect to interest or principal payments, the Fund may lose its entire investment. Because of the risks involved in investing in non-investment-grade securities, an investment in a Fund that invests substantially in such securities should be considered speculative. “Junk bonds” may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return. Conversely, a junk bond’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of the Fund’s assets. The credit rating of a below investment grade security does not necessarily address its market value risk and may not reflect its actual credit risk. Ratings and market value may change from time to time, positively or negatively, to reflect new developments regarding the issuer. If a Fund that invests in “junk bonds” experiences unexpected net redemptions, this may force it to sell its non-investment grade securities, without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the Fund’s rate of return.

Options on Futures Contracts

Each Fund may invest in options on futures contracts to implement its investment strategy. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option.

The trading of options on futures contracts entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option. The risk of imperfect correlation, however, generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract or expiration date of the option approaches. In addition, a Fund utilizing options on futures contracts is subject to the risk of market movements between the time that the option is exercised and the time of performance thereunder. This could increase the extent of any loss suffered by a Fund in connection with such transactions.

For more information about these practices, see the “Derivatives” section.

Periodic Auction Reset Bonds

Each Fund may invest in tax-exempt periodic auction reset bonds. Periodic auction reset bonds are bonds whose interest rates are reset periodically through an auction mechanism. For purposes of calculating the portfolio weighted average maturity of each Fund, the maturity of periodic auction reset bonds will be deemed to be the next interest reset date, rather than the remaining stated maturity of the instrument.

Periodic auction reset bonds, similar to short-term debt instruments, are generally subject to less interest rate risk than long-term fixed rate debt instruments because the interest rate will be periodically reset in a market auction. Periodic auction reset bonds with a long remaining stated maturity (i.e., 10 years or more), however, could have greater market risk than fixed short-term debt instruments, arising from the possibility of auction failure or insufficient demand at an auction, resulting in greater price volatility of such instruments compared to fixed short-term bonds.

Put Bonds

Each Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities, including securities with variable interest rates, that may be redeemed or sold back (put) to the issuer of the security or a third party prior to stated maturity (put bonds). Such securities will normally trade as if maturity is the earliest put date, even though stated maturity is longer. For the Fund, maturity for put bonds is deemed to be the date on which the put becomes exercisable.

Recent Market Conditions and Regulatory Developments

U.S. and international markets have experienced significant volatility in recent months and years. As a result of such volatility, investment returns may fluctuate significantly and could decline suddenly. Global economies and financial markets are highly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that conditions in one country or region will adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.

Due to concerns regarding recent high inflation in many sectors of the U.S. and global economies, the U.S. Federal Reserve (“Fed”) and many foreign central banks and monetary authorities raised interest rates and implemented other policy initiatives in an effort to control inflation, and they may continue to do so. It is difficult to predict the timing, frequency, magnitude or direction of further interest rate changes, and the evaluation of macro-economic and other conditions or events could cause a change in approach in the future.

Fixed-income and related markets may continue to experience heightened levels of interest rate and price volatility. Inflation risk is the uncertainty over the future real value (after inflation) of an investment. A Fund’s investments may not keep pace with inflation, and the value of an investment in a Fund may be eroded over time by inflation. Changes in government or central bank policies could negatively affect the value and liquidity of a Fund’s investments and cause it to lose money, and there can be no assurance that the initiatives undertaken by governments and central banks will be successful.

The Fed’s or foreign central banks’ actions may result in an economic slowdown in the United States and abroad, which could negatively impact a Fund’s investments. There are concerns that monetary policy may provide less support should economic growth slow. An economic slowdown may negatively affect national and global economies, as well as national and global securities and commodities markets, and may continue for an extended period of time and have unforeseen impacts. Any deterioration in economic fundamentals may increase the risk of default or insolvency of particular issuers, negatively impact market values, cause credit spreads to widen, and reduce bank balance sheets. Any of these could cause an increase in market volatility, reduce liquidity across various markets, or decrease confidence in the markets.

In March 2023, the shutdown of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system. There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and enhancing public confidence in the U.S. banking system. In addition, widespread loan defaults in the commercial real estate sector could have a cascading effect on the broader banking system, straining the financial health of lending institutions and potentially causing more banks to fail, which could adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments.

High public debt in the United States and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty, and there has been a significant increase in the amount of debt due to the economic effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and ensuing economic relief and public health measures. Economic, political and other developments may result in a further increase in the amount of public debt, including in the United States. The long-term consequences of high public debt are not known, but high levels of public debt may negatively affect economic conditions and the value of markets, sectors and companies in which a Fund invests.

Political and diplomatic events within the United States, including a contentious domestic political environment, changes in political party control of one or more branches of the U.S. government, the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, a U.S. government shutdown (or the threat of such a shutdown), and disagreements over, or threats not to increase, the U.S. government’s borrowing limit (or “debt ceiling”), as well as political and diplomatic events abroad, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, or concerns about the U.S. government’s credit quality in general, could have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. and global economies. Moreover, although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, there remains a possibility that the United States could default on its obligations. The consequences of such an unprecedented event are impossible to predict, but it is likely that a default by the United States or other crisis would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Funds’ investments.

Tensions, war, or other open conflicts between nations, such as between Russia and Ukraine, in the Middle East, and in eastern Asia, the resulting responses by the United States and other countries, and the potential for wider conflict have had, and could continue to have, severe adverse effects on regional and global economies and could further increase volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets. The extent and duration of ongoing hostilities or military actions and the repercussions of such actions are impossible to predict. These events have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant market disruptions, including in certain industries or sectors such as the oil and natural gas markets, and may further strain global supply chains and negatively affect inflation and global growth. The resulting adverse market conditions could be prolonged. These and any related events could significantly impact a Fund’s performance and the value of an investment in a Fund, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries or regions directly affected.

Certain illnesses spread rapidly and have the potential to significantly and adversely affect the global economy and have material adverse impacts on a Fund. Public health crises caused by outbreaks of infectious diseases or other public health issues may disrupt market conditions and operations and economies around the world, exacerbate other pre-existing economic, political, and social tensions and risks, and negatively affect market performance and the value of investments in individual companies in significant and unforeseen ways. The impact of any outbreak may last for an extended period of time. For example, the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant volatility and severe losses in global financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to contain its spread resulted in significant disruptions to business operations, supply chains and customer activity, higher default rates, widespread business closures and layoffs, travel restrictions and border closings, extended quarantines and stay-at-home orders, event and service cancellations, labor shortages, and significant challenges in healthcare service preparation and delivery, as well as general concern, uncertainty and social unrest. The continued impact of COVID-19 is uncertain. Other outbreaks of infectious diseases or other public health issues that may arise in the future may have similar or worse effects.

Slowing global economic growth, the rise in protectionist trade policies, and changes to some major international trade agreements (including, for example, the trade agreement between the United Kingdom and the European Union) could affect the economies of many countries in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. Relationships between the United States and certain foreign countries have become increasingly strained. If relations with certain countries deteriorate, it could adversely affect U.S. issuers as well as non-U.S. issuers that rely on the United States for trade. For example, the United States has imposed tariffs and other trade barriers on Chinese exports, has restricted sales of certain categories of goods to China, and has established barriers to investments in China. In addition, the Chinese government is involved in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan that has included threats of invasion. If relations between the United States and China do not improve or continue to deteriorate, or if China were to attempt unification of Taiwan by coercion or force, economies, markets and individual securities may be severely affected both regionally and globally, and the value of a Fund’s investments may go down.

Advancements in technology may also adversely impact market movements and liquidity and may affect the overall performance of a Fund. For example, the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial intelligence may impact the economy and the performance of a Fund. As artificial intelligence is used more widely, the profitability and growth of a Fund’s holdings may be impacted, which could impact the overall performance of a Fund.

In addition, global climate change may have a significant adverse effect on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, changes in weather patterns, an increase in powerful storms and/or an increase in flooding could cause real estate properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether. Unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected zones may never recover their value. Large wildfires have devastated, and in the future may devastate, entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire or conducting operations in affected areas. Regulatory changes and divestment movements in the United States and abroad tied to concerns about climate change could adversely affect the value of certain land and the viability of industries whose activities or products are seen as accelerating climate change. Losses related to climate change could adversely affect corporate borrowers and mortgage lenders, the value of mortgage-backed securities, the bonds of municipalities that depend on tax revenues and tourist dollars generated by affected properties, and insurers of the properties and/or of corporate, municipal or mortgage-backed securities. Because property and security values are driven largely by buyers’ perceptions, it is difficult to know the time period over which these market effects might unfold.

All of these risks may have a material adverse effect on the performance and financial condition of the companies and other issuers in which the Funds invest, and on the overall performance of a Fund.

Reference Rate Transition Risk

The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) had historically been the principal floating rate benchmark in the financial markets. However, LIBOR is being discontinued as a floating rate benchmark, although certain synthetic U.S. dollar LIBOR tenors will be published through September 30, 2024, for certain legacy contracts. Then-existing LIBOR obligations have been transitioned or will transition to another benchmark, depending on the LIBOR currency and tenor. For some existing LIBOR-based obligations, the contractual consequences of the discontinuation of LIBOR may not be clear.

As an alternative to LIBOR, the market has generally coalesced around the use of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as a replacement for U.S. dollar LIBOR. Various SOFR-based rates, including SOFR-based term rates, and various non-SOFR-based rates have developed in response to the discontinuation of U.S. dollar LIBOR, which may create various risks for the Fund and the financial markets more generally. There are non-LIBOR forward-looking floating rates that are not based on SOFR and that may be considered by participants in the financial markets as LIBOR alternatives. Unlike forward-looking SOFR-based term rates, such rates are intended reflect a bank credit spread component.

Non-LIBOR floating rate obligations, including obligations based on the SOFR, may have returns and values that fluctuate more than those of floating rate debt obligations that are based on LIBOR or other rates. Also, because SOFR and some alternative floating rates are relatively new market indexes, markets for certain non-LIBOR obligations may never develop or may not be liquid. Market terms for non-LIBOR floating rate obligations, such as the spread over the index reflected in interest rate provisions, may evolve over time, and prices of non-LIBOR floating rate obligations may be different depending on when they are issued and changing views about correct spread levels.

It is not clear how replacement rates for LIBOR–including SOFR-based rates and non-SOFR-based rates–will continue to develop and to what extent they will be used. There is no assurance that these replacement rates will be suitable substitutes for LIBOR, and thus the substitution of such rates for LIBOR could have an adverse effect on the Funds and the financial markets more generally. Concerns about market depth and stability could affect the development of non-SOFR-based term rates, and such rates may create various risks, which may or may not be similar to the risks relating to SOFR.

Repurchase Agreements

Each Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which a security is purchased with a simultaneous commitment to sell the security back to the seller (a commercial bank or recognized securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased security. A Fund maintains custody of the underlying obligations prior to their repurchase, either through its regular custodian or through a special “tri-party” custodian that maintains separate accounts for both the Fund and its counterparty. Thus, the obligation to the counterparty to pay the repurchase price on the date agreed to or upon demand is, in effect, secured by the underlying securities. A repurchase agreement involves the obligation of the seller to pay the agreed upon price, which obligation is in effect secured by the value of the underlying security. In these transactions, the securities purchased by a Fund will have a total value equal to or in excess of the amount of the repurchase obligation and will be held by the Fund’s custodian or special “tri-party” custodian until repurchased. If the seller defaults and the value of the underlying security declines, a Fund may incur a loss and may incur expenses in selling the collateral. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. The income from repurchase agreements will not qualify as “exempt-interest dividends” (see “Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations”) when distributed by a Fund.

Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper and Rule 144A Securities

Each Fund may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the “private placement” exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act (“Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper”). Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper is restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws; therefore, any resale of Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper must be effected in a transaction exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper normally is resold to other investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper, thus providing liquidity.

Each Fund also may purchase restricted securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”). Rule 144A provides a non-exclusive safe harbor from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to institutional investors.

However, investing in Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper could have the effect of increasing the level of a Fund’s illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities.

Securities as a Result of Exchanges or Workouts

Each Fund may hold various instruments received in an exchange or workout of a distressed security (i.e., a low-rated debt security that is in default or at risk of becoming in default). Such instruments may include, but are not limited to, equity securities, warrants, rights, participation interests in sales of assets and contingent-interest obligations.

Securities of Other Investment Companies

Each Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies that qualify as “money market funds” under applicable SEC rules. Any such investment would be made in accordance with the Fund’s investment policies and applicable law. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities issued by other non-money market investment companies (including exchange-traded funds) that invest in the types of securities in which the Fund itself is permitted to invest. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that a Fund bears in connection with its own operations. Each Fund’s investments in securities issued by other investment companies is subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act.

The SEC has adopted certain regulatory changes and taken other actions related to the ability of an investment company to invest in the securities of another investment company. These changes included, among other things, the rescission of certain SEC exemptive orders permitting investments in excess of the statutory limits and the withdrawal of certain related SEC staff no-action letters, and the adoption of Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act. Rule 12d1-4 permits a portfolio to invest in other investment companies beyond the statutory limits, subject to certain conditions.

Swap Arrangements

The Fund may enter into various forms of swap arrangements with counterparties with respect to interest rates, currency rates or indexes, including purchase of caps, floors and collars as described below. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. Cleared swaps are transacted through FCMs that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. In an interest rate swap, the Fund could agree for a specified period to pay a bank or investment banker the floating rate of interest on a so-called notional principal amount (i.e., an assumed figure selected by the parties for this purpose) in exchange

for agreement by the bank or investment banker to pay the Fund a fixed rate of interest on the notional principal amount. In a currency swap, the Fund would agree with the other party to exchange cash flows based on the relative differences in values of a notional amount of two (or more) currencies; in an index swap, the Fund would agree to exchange cash flows on a notional amount based on changes in the values of the selected indexes. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser to receive payments from the seller on a notional amount to the extent that the selected index exceeds an agreed upon interest rate or amount whereas the purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser to receive such payments to the extent the selected index falls below an agreed upon interest rate or amount. A collar combines buying a cap and selling a floor.

The Fund may enter into credit protection swap arrangements involving the sale by the Fund of a put option on a debt security, which is exercisable by the buyer upon certain events, such as a default by the referenced creditor on the underlying debt or a bankruptcy event of the creditor.

Most swaps entered into by the Fund will be on a net basis. For example, in an interest rate swap, amounts generated by application of the fixed rate and floating rate to the notional principal amount would first offset one another, with the Fund either receiving or paying the difference between such amounts. In order to be in a position to meet any obligations resulting from swaps, the Fund will set up a segregated custodial account to hold liquid assets, including cash. For swaps entered into on a net basis, assets will be segregated having a NAV equal to any excess of the Fund’s accrued obligations over the accrued obligations of the other party; for swaps on other than a net basis, assets will be segregated having a value equal to the total amount of the Fund’s obligations. Collateral is treated as illiquid.

Swap agreements historically have been individually negotiated, and most swap arrangements are currently traded over-the-counter. Certain standardized swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared and traded on either a swap execution facility or a designated contact market. Cleared swaps are transmitted through FCMs that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant's swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. For example, swaps that are centrally cleared are subject to the creditworthiness of the clearing organization involved in the transaction. An investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if the clearing organization becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor. In addition, depending on the size of a portfolio and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by a portfolio to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. It is expected, however, that regulators will adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could reduce the distinction.

These swap arrangements will be made primarily for hedging purposes, to preserve the return on an investment or on a portion of the Fund’s portfolio. However, the Fund may, as noted above, enter into such arrangements for income purposes to the extent permitted by applicable law. In entering into a swap arrangement, the Fund depends upon the creditworthiness and good faith of the counterparty. The Fund will attempt to reduce the risk of nonperformance by the counterparty by dealing only with established, reputable institutions. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation and in some cases transacting in swaps that are centrally cleared and exchange traded. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Certain swap transactions involve more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been fully developed and generally will not be centrally cleared or traded on an exchange and, accordingly, they are less liquid than traditional swap transactions.

A Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, the use of which is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.

The Fund may enter into credit default swap (“CDS”) contracts for investment purposes. If the Fund is a seller of a CDS contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap in that the Fund would have to pay the buyer the full par (or other agreed upon) value of the referenced debt obligation even though such obligation went into default. As seller, the Fund is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.

The Fund also may purchase CDS contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities it holds, in which case the Fund would function as the counterparty referenced above. This would involve the risk that the swap may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk; the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default. As buyer, the Fund is not required to remain in the CDS contract until default or maturity and could terminate the contract and incur a realized gain or loss.

The swap market was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act has changed the way the U.S. swap market is supervised and regulated. Developments in the swap market under final implementing regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act will adversely affect a Fund’s ability to enter into certain swaps in the over-the-counter market (and requires that certain of such instruments be exchange-traded and centrally cleared). Dodd-Frank Act developments also could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to support swap trades with collateral, terminate new or existing swap agreements, or realize amounts to be received under such instruments. Regulations that are being developed by the CFTC and banking regulators will require a Fund to post margin on over-the-counter swaps, and clearing organizations and exchanges require minimum margin requirements for exchange-traded and cleared swaps. These changes under the Dodd-Frank Act may increase the cost of a Fund’s swap investments, which could adversely affect Fund investors.

Synthetic Instruments

Each Fund may invest in tender option bonds, bond receipts, and similar synthetic municipal instruments. A synthetic instrument is a security created by combining an intermediate or long-term municipal bond with a right to sell the instrument back to the remarketer or liquidity provider for repurchase on short notice. This right to sell is commonly referred to as a tender option. Usually, the tender option is backed by a conditional guarantee or letter of credit from a bank or other financial institution. Under its terms, the guarantee may expire if the municipality defaults on payments of interest or principal on the underlying bond, if the credit rating of the municipality is downgraded, or interest on the underlying bond ceases to be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The recent economic downturn and budgetary constraints have made municipal securities more susceptible to downgrade, default, and bankruptcy. Synthetic instruments involve structural risks that could adversely affect the value of the instrument or could result in a Fund’s holding an instrument for a longer period of time than originally anticipated. For example, because of the structure of a synthetic instrument, there is a risk that a Fund will not be able to exercise its tender option.

Tax-Exempt Liquidity Protected Preferred Shares

Each Fund may invest in tax-exempt liquidity protected preferred shares (“LPP shares”) (or similar securities). LPP shares are issued by municipal bond funds (funds that principally invest in tax-exempt securities) and are generally designed to pay “exempt-interest dividends” (see “Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations”) that reset on or about every seven days in a remarketing process. Under this process, the holder of an LPP share generally may elect to tender the share or hold the share for the next dividend period by notifying the remarketing agent in connection with the remarketing for that dividend period. If the holder does not make an election, the holder will continue to hold the share for the subsequent dividend period at the applicable dividend rate determined in the remarketing process for that period. LPP shares possess an unconditional obligation from a liquidity provider (typically a high-quality bank) to purchase, at a price equal to the par amount of the LPP shares plus accrued dividends, all LPP shares that are subject to sale and not remarketed.

The applicable dividend rate for each dividend period typically will be the dividend rate per year that the remarketing agent determines to be the lowest rate that will enable it to remarket on behalf of the holders thereof the LPP shares in such remarketing and tendered to it on the remarketing date. If the remarketing agent is unable to remarket all LPP shares tendered to it and the liquidity provider is required to purchase the shares, the applicable dividend rate may be different. The maturity of LPP shares will be deemed to be the date on which the underlying principal amount may be recovered or the next dividend rate adjustment date consistent with applicable regulatory requirements. LPP shares generally are issued by registered and unregistered pooled investment vehicles that use the proceeds to purchase medium- and long-term investments to seek higher yields and for other purposes.

LPP shares are subject to certain risks, including the following: since mid-February 2008, existing markets for remarketed and auction preferred securities generally have become illiquid and many investors have not been able to sell their securities through the regular remarketing or auction process. Although LPP shares provide liquidity protection through the liquidity provider, it is uncertain, particularly in the near term, whether there will be a revival of investor interest in purchasing securities sold through remarketings. There is also no assurance that a liquidity provider will be able to fulfill its obligation to purchase LPP shares subject to sell orders in remarketings that are not otherwise purchased because of insufficient clearing bids. If there are insufficient clearing bids in a remarketing and the liquidity provider is unable to meet its obligations to purchase the shares, a Fund may not be able to sell some or all of the LPP shares it holds. In addition, there is no assurance that the issuer of the LPP shares will be able to renew the agreement with the liquidity provider when its term has expired or that it will be able to enter into a comparable agreement with another suitable liquidity provider if such event occurs or if the liquidity agreement between the issuer and the liquidity provider is otherwise terminated.

Because of the nature of the market for LPP shares, a Fund may receive less than the price it paid for the shares if it sells (assuming it is able to do so) them outside of a remarketing, especially during periods when remarketing does not attract sufficient clearing bids or liquidity in remarketings is impaired and/or when market interest rates are rising. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for LPP shares or that a Fund will be able to sell the shares it holds outside of the remarketings conducted by the designated remarketing agent at any given time.

A rating agency could downgrade the ratings of LPP shares held by a Fund or securities issued by a liquidity provider, which could adversely affect the liquidity or value in the secondary market of the LPP shares. It is also possible that an issuer of LPP shares may not earn sufficient income from its investments to pay dividends on the LPP shares. In addition, it is possible that the value of the issuer’s investment portfolio will decline due to, among other things, increases in long-term interest rates, downgrades or defaults on investments it holds and other market events, which would reduce the assets available to meet its obligations to holders of its LPP shares. In this connection, many issuers of LPP shares invest in non-investment grade bonds, also known as “junk bonds.” These securities are predominantly speculative because of the credit risk of their issuers. While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields, non-investment grade bonds typically entail greater potential price volatility and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. Issuers of non-investment grade bonds are more likely to default on their payments of interest and principal owed and such defaults will reduce the value of the securities they issue. The prices of these lower rated obligations are more sensitive to negative developments than higher rated securities. Adverse business conditions, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues or an economic downturn, generally lead to a higher non-payment rate. In addition, a security may lose significant value before a default occurs as the market adjusts to expected higher non-payment rates.

In addition, LPP shares are a relatively new type of investment, the terms of which may change in the future in response to regulatory or market developments. LPP shares currently are issued in reliance on guidance provided by the SEC and a notice (which all taxpayers may rely on for guidance) and a handful of private letter rulings (which may be relied on as precedent only by the taxpayer(s) to whom they are addressed) issued by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). It is possible that the SEC and/or the IRS could issue new guidance or rules that supersede and nullify all or a portion of the current guidance, which could adversely impact the value and liquidity of a Fund’s investment in LPP shares, the tax treatment of investments in LPP shares, and/or the ability of the Funds to invest in LPP shares.

Temporary Defensive Policy

Each Fund may, on a temporary basis because of market, economic, political, or other conditions, invest up to 100% of its assets in investment-grade, short-term debt instruments, including investments the interest on which is not exempt from federal and state-specific income tax. Such securities may consist of obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements secured by such instruments; certificates of deposit of domestic banks having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100 million; bankers' acceptances of similar banks; commercial paper; and other corporate debt obligations.

Variable-Rate and Floating-Rate Securities

Each Fund may invest in variable-rate and floating-rate securities, which bear interest at rates that are adjusted periodically to market rates. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by a Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. Because the interest rates of variable-rate and floating-rate securities are periodically adjusted to reflect current market rates, the market value of the variable-rate and floating-rate securities is less affected by changes in prevailing interest rates than the market value of securities with fixed interest rates. The market value of variable-rate and floating-rate securities usually tends toward par (100% of face value) at interest rate adjustment time.

Similar to fixed-rate debt instruments, variable- and floating-rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, variable- and floating-rate securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal and income. Although borrowers frequently provide collateral to secure repayment of these obligations they do not always do so and these securities may be unsecured. If borrowers do provide collateral, the value of the collateral may not completely cover the borrower’s obligations at the time of a default. If a borrower files for protection from its creditors under bankruptcy laws, these laws may limit a Fund’s rights to its collateral. In the event of a bankruptcy, the holder of a variable- or floating-rate loan may not recover its principal, may experience a long delay in recovering its investment, and may not receive interest during the delay.

Variable-Rate Demand Notes (“VRDNs”)

Each Fund may invest in VRDNs, which are securities that provide the right to sell the security at face value on either that day or within a rate-reset period. The interest rate is adjusted at a stipulated daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or other specified time interval to a rate that reflects current market conditions. The effective maturity for these instruments is deemed to be less than 397 days in accordance with detailed SEC regulatory requirements. These interest rate adjustments can both raise and lower the income generated by such securities. These changes will have the same effect on the income earned by a Fund depending on the proportion of such securities held. VRDNs are tax-exempt securities.

When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities

Each Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities offered on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis or for delayed draws on loans; that is, delivery of and payment for the securities take place after the date of the commitment to purchase, normally within 35 days. Securities that require more than 35 days to settle are considered a senior security and subject to Rule 18f-4. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. A Fund receives a commitment fee for delayed draws on loans. A Fund may sell these securities before the settlement date.

Tax-exempt securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis are subject to changes in value in the same way as other debt securities held in the Funds' portfolios; that is, both generally experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The value of such securities also will be affected by the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and anticipated changes in the level of interest rates. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis involves a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself.

On the settlement date of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities or for delayed draws on loans, a Fund will meet its obligations from then-available cash, sale of other securities, or from sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Fund’s payment obligations). The availability of liquid assets for this purpose to honor requests for redemption, and otherwise to manage its investment portfolio will limit the extent to which the Fund may purchase when-issued and delayed delivery securities. A Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with such transactions.

For more information about these practices, see the “Derivatives” section.

Zero Coupon Bonds

Each Fund may invest in zero coupon bonds. A zero coupon bond is a security that is sold at a discount from its face value (original issue discount), makes no periodic interest payments, and is redeemed at face value when it matures. The lump sum payment at maturity increases the price volatility of the zero coupon bond in response to changes in interest rates when compared to a bond that distributes a semiannual coupon payment. In calculating its income, a Fund accrues the daily amortization of the original issue discount.

Investment Restrictions

The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Trust for each Fund. These restrictions may not be changed without approval by the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting of a Fund if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.

Each Fund:

(1) may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable relief.

(2) may not purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of companies whose principal business activities are in the same industry.

(3) may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.

(4) may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that it may be deemed to act as a statutory underwriter in the distribution of any restricted securities or not readily marketable securities.

(5) may make loans only as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.

(6) may not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments issued by persons that purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts; but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, and entering into financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), options on financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates, and currencies), warrants, swaps, forward contracts, foreign currency spot and forward contracts, or other derivative instruments that are not related to physical commodities.

(7) may not purchase or sell real estate, but this shall not prevent investments in tax-exempt securities secured by real estate or interests therein.

With respect to each Fund's concentration policy described above, the Fund applies that restriction to investments in a particular industry or group of industries. Additionally, during normal market conditions, at least 80% of each Fund’s annual income will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes and the shares also will be exempt from the California personal income taxes and at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets will consist of California tax-exempt securities.

Special Risk Considerations

California

The Fund invests primarily in California municipal securities. The value of the Fund’s portfolio investments with respect to these securities will be highly sensitive to events affecting the fiscal stability of the state of California (“California” or the “State”) and its municipalities, authorities and other instrumentalities that issue such securities.

The following information is only a brief summary of the complex factors affecting the financial situation in California and is based on information available as of the date of this SAI and may not reflect recent developments. The following information does not purport to be a complete or exhaustive description of all adverse conditions to which issuers of California municipal securities may be subject. Such information is derived from official statements utilized in connection with the issuance of California municipal securities and legislative analyses relating to the State’s budget, as well as from other publicly available documents. Such information has not been independently verified by the Fund, and the Fund assumes no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of such information. The summary below does not include all of the information pertaining to the budget, receipts and disbursements of the State that would ordinarily be included in various public documents issued thereby, such as an official statement prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of the State.

General Economic Conditions

U.S. Economic Outlook. Economic, political, regulatory or market conditions, interest rates, general levels of economic activity, the price of securities and participation by other investors in the financial markets may affect the value and number of investments made by the Fund or considered for prospective investment. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and, in any event, past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made, or the beliefs and expectations currently held, by the Fund's portfolio managers will prove correct and actual events and circumstances could vary significantly. While the Fund's portfolio managers expect that the current environment will yield attractive investment opportunities for the Fund, the investments to be made by the Fund are expected to be sensitive to the performance of the overall economy. A negative impact on U.S. or global economic fundamentals or consumer or business confidence will likely increase market volatility and reduce liquidity, both of which could adversely affect the ability to execute the investment strategy pursued by the Fund's portfolio managers.

The value of investments held by a Fund could fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other factors that affect the markets in which the Fund invests. Global conflicts such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict as well as the potential for conflict in east Asia may significantly exacerbate the normal risks associated with the Fund and result in adverse changes to, among other things: (i) general economic and market conditions; (ii) shipping and transportation costs and supply chain constraints; (iii) interest rates, currency exchange rates, and expenses associated with currency management transactions; (iv) demand for the types of investments made by the Fund; (v) available credit in certain markets; (vi) import and export activity from certain markets and capital controls; (vii) the availability of labour in certain markets and (viii) laws, regulations, treaties, pacts, accords, and governmental policies. Those events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally and the performance of the Fund and the Fund’s investments or operations could be negatively impacted.

State Economic Outlook. California is the most populous state in the United States. The State’s economy accounted for 14.65% of the U.S. GDP in 2023 estimates and ranked as the fifth largest economy in the world (in terms of GDP) at the end of 2023. The diversified economy of the State has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction, and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the California economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy.

Housing Constraints. California’s housing growth continues to lag population growth, raising housing costs and potentially limiting the number of jobs companies can add. The preliminary estimate is that approximately 111,000 permits were issued in California in 2023, reflecting a 6% year-over-year decline from 2022. With fewer permits issued, the increase in unemployment and potential for subsequent evictions, along with the reluctance of builders to build homes during an economic downturn, the California housing shortage may worsen. If permits remain low or decrease, it would reduce the number of available workers, constrain job growth and put upward pressure on housing costs.

Geography. California’s geographic location subjects it to earthquake and wildfire risks. It is impossible to predict the time, magnitude or location of a major earthquake or wildfire or its effect on the California economy. There is the possibility that earthquakes or wildfires could create major dislocation of the California economy and could significantly affect State and local governmental budgets.

States of Emergency (Natural Disasters); Climate Change Impacts. The State has historically been susceptible to wildfires and hydrologic variability. However, as greenhouse gas emissions continue to accumulate, climate change will intensify and increase the frequency of extreme weather events, such as coastal storm surges, drought, wildfires, floods and heatwaves, and raise sea levels along the coast. Over the past several years, the State has experienced the impact of climate change through wildfires and a multi-year drought. After multiple years of drought, 2023 saw historical rainfall in California. Climate change and intense weather variability also continues to cause unprecedented stress on California’s energy system, driving high demand and constraining supply, compounded by geopolitical and supply chain issues. The future fiscal impact of climate change on the State is difficult to predict, but it could be significant.

In recent years, California has also experienced a number of natural disasters, for example, from 2020-2022, California experienced some of the largest wildfires in its history. In addition, in 2023-2024, California also experienced major flooding and levee breaches, among other adverse climate events. The total cost of these natural disasters is expected to be in the billions of dollars, and the full economic impacts will not be realized for years.

Trade Policy. The material change or imposition of tariffs by the federal government on the State’s trading partners could cause an adverse effect on the State’s economy. Because California is a transportation hub, and China is one of the State’s top three trading partners, a trade war could have negative effects on the State’s economy. More trade barriers would increase the costs of inputs purchased from abroad, leading to decreased companies’ revenues, potentially impacting wages and employment in the short run and triggering a change in the business model of companies that have made significant investment decisions based on a system of free global trade.

Public Health Outbreaks. Outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern could have wide-ranging impacts on the State’s economy. An epidemic outbreak may lead to an increase in budgetary spending to respond to the spread of an infectious disease and significant policy changes, which could have an unfavorable impact on the State’s economy. Precautions or restrictions imposed by governmental authorities and public health departments could result in undeterminable periods of decreased economic activity in the State, throughout the U.S. and globally, including reduced or ceased business operations, limited travel and shortages of supplies, goods, and services. An epidemic outbreak and reactions to such an outbreak could cause uncertainty in the markets and businesses and may adversely affect the performance of the global economy, including market volatility, market and business uncertainty and closures, supply chain and travel interruptions, the need for employees to work at external locations and extensive medical absences among the workforce. It is difficult to predict accurately the impact of any large epidemic, and because an epidemic may create significant market and business uncertainties and disruptions, not all events can be determined and addressed in advance.

Other Risks. The State faces other risks to its economy and budget, such risks include, but are not limited to: the threat of a recession; capital gains volatility and its impact on tax revenues; global inflation; global tensions; changes in federal policy, such as health care services, trade and immigration; federal stimulus; changes to federal tax law, which are expected to include changes in taxpayer behavior; trade policy; health care costs; housing constraints; debts and liabilities of the State; and cybersecurity risks.

State Finances

The moneys of the State are segregated into the General Fund and over 1,000 other funds, including special, bond, federal and other funds. The General Fund consists of revenues received by the California Treasury and is not required by law to be credited to any fund and earnings from the investment of California moneys not allocable to another fund. The General Fund is the principal operating fund for the majority of governmental activities and is the depository of most of the State’s major revenue sources.

In fiscal years 2024-25, the majority of General Fund revenues and transfers are projected to be derived from personal income tax, sales and use tax, and corporation tax. Personal income taxes on capital gains realizations, which are highly correlated to economic conditions including stock market and real estate performance, can add significant volatility to personal income tax receipts. Forecasting capital gains is extremely difficult, as the forecasts can change rapidly during a year due to abrupt changes in asset markets and the overall economy. For example, capital gains tax receipts dropped from nearly $9 billion in fiscal year 2007-08 to under $3 billion in fiscal year 2009-10, a 67% decline.

The State entered the 2021-22 fiscal year with historic levels of reserves, having repaid billions of dollars of budgetary borrowings, debts and deferrals that were accumulated to balance budgets during prior fiscal years. The rapid shift from a budget surplus, as was the case in recent fiscal years, to the budget shortfall California faces today, is a lingering effect of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the economy. The State continues to seek to build reserves, eliminate budgetary debt, reduce retirement

liabilities, and focus on one-time spending over ongoing investments to maintain structurally balanced budgets over the long-term. The effects of persistent inflation, a declining stock market on personal incomes, and a recession may stall continued progress in these efforts.

State Budgets

Budget Process. California has a fiscal year ending on June 30 of each year. Under the State constitution, the Governor must submit a proposed budget to the Legislature by January 10 of the preceding fiscal year (the “Governor’s Budget”). During late spring, usually in May, the Governor releases revised revenue and expenditure estimates (known as the “May Revision”) for both the current and following fiscal years. The Budget Act, which follows the May Revision, must be approved by a majority vote of each House of the Legislature. The Governor may reduce or eliminate specific line items in the Budget Act or any other appropriations bill without vetoing the entire bill. Such individual line-item vetoes are subject to override by a two-thirds vote of each House of the Legislature. Both the proposed budget and final budget are required to be balanced, in that General Fund expenditures must not exceed projected General Fund revenues and transfers for the fiscal year.

Maintaining a balanced budget is an ongoing challenge. The State’s past budget challenges were exacerbated by an unprecedented level of debts, deferrals and budgetary obligations accumulated during periods of economic recession in the prior two decades. Although the State has paid down these debts in the past several years and has put in place plans to pay off all major State retirement-related liabilities over the next three decades, the State faces hundreds of billions of dollars in other long-term cost pressures, debts and liabilities, including State retiree pension and health care costs.

The current budget and future budgets are based on a variety of estimates and assumptions. If actual results differ from those assumptions, the State’s financial condition could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that the financial condition of the State will be as projected in fiscal year 2024-2025 and beyond. The effects of COVID-19, and high inflationary conditions on the State’s budget are ongoing, increasing the risks to the State’s finances. There can be no assurances that the State will not face fiscal stress and cash pressures again or that other changes in the State or national economies or in federal policies will not materially and adversely affect the financial condition of the State.

Fiscal Year 2022-23 State Budget. The Governor signed the fiscal year 2022-23 budget on June 30, 2022 (the “2022 Budget”). The 2022 Budget projected the fiscal year started with a balance of $37.2 billion in budgetary reserves and plans to prepay billions of dollars in State debts and make supplemental deposits into the reserve funds. The 2022 Budget estimated $195.7 billion in General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2022-23, which was an increase of approximately $20.3 billion from the prior fiscal year, and total expenditures of $286.5 billion for fiscal year 2022-23, which was an increase of approximately $90.5 billion from the prior fiscal year.

To combat the continued COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 Budget adds an additional $1.1 billion to continue to implement the State’s SMARTER plan, including additional funding to support school testing, increase vaccination rates, and expand and sustain efforts to protect public health at the border. To expand the State's ability to protect public health, the 2022 Budget includes $300 million ongoing General Fund for the Department of Public Health and local health jurisdictions.

Given the record high inflationary conditions facing the country, the 2022 Budget includes an inflation adjustment beginning in 2023-24 reflecting that State services outlays are likely to increase. Further, the 2022 Budget estimates supplemental payments to reduce State retirement liabilities of $3.4 billion in 2022-23 and an additional $7.6 billion projected over the next three years. Higher inflation presents a number of issues for the state budget. On the revenue side, it could lead to increases in collections due to higher wages. However, increased inflation could create instability in financial markets or the economy broadly, which could depress revenues. On the spending side, higher inflation can result in higher costs, for example for interest on the unemployment insurance loan from the federal government, and bond debt service. In other areas of the budget, higher inflation creates pressure for the State to increase spending, for example on cash assistance or employee compensation.

Fiscal Year 2023-2024 State Budget. The Governor signed the fiscal year 2023-2024 budget on June 27, 2023 (the "2023 Budget"). The enacted budget includes $225.9 billion in General Fund spending, down from $234.6 billion in 2022-23. The 2023 Budget includes renewal of the Managed Care Organization ("MCO") tax, effective April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2026. The MCO tax essentially reduces — or “offsets” — state General Fund spending on Medi-Cal by well over $1 billion per year. The MCO tax renewal, which requires federal approval, would result in $19.4 billion over the proposed tax period.

The California Legislative Analyst Office (the "LAO") reported economic conditions, lower state revenue, inflation and California's reserves as the main topics of concern regarding the California budget.

Constraints on the Budget Process. Constitutional amendments approved by voters affect the budget process. These include Proposition 58, approved in 2004 and amended by voters effective as of the 2015-16 fiscal year, which requires the State to enact a balanced budget, establish a special BSA in the General Fund and restrict future borrowing to cover budget deficits, and Proposition 25, approved by voters in 2010, which decreased the vote required for the Legislature to adopt a final budget from a two-thirds majority vote to a simple

majority vote. Proposition 25 retained the two-thirds vote requirement for taxes. As a result of the provisions requiring the enactment of a balanced budget and restricting borrowing, the State may, in some cases, have to take immediate actions during the fiscal year to correct budgetary shortfalls. The balanced budget determination is made by subtracting expenditures from all available resources, including prior-year balances.

If the Governor determines that the State is facing substantial revenue shortfalls or spending deficiencies, the Governor is authorized to declare a fiscal emergency and call the Legislature into special session to consider proposed legislation to address the emergency. If the Legislature fails to pass and send to the Governor legislation to address the budgetary or fiscal emergency within 45 days, the Legislature would be prohibited from acting on any other bills or adjourning in joint recess until such legislation is passed. During the economic downturn from fiscal year 2008-09 to fiscal year 2010-11, the Governor declared seven fiscal emergencies and called five special sessions of the Legislature to resolve the budget imbalances, enact economic stimulus and address the State’s liquidity problems.

Proposition 58 (adopted as section 20 of article XVI of the State’s Constitution) created a rainy day fund or BSA and established the process for transferring General Fund revenues to the BSA. The BSA provisions of Proposition 58 were superseded by Proposition 2, which was approved by voters in November 2014. Proposition 2 provides for both paying down debt and other long-term liabilities, and saving for a rainy day by making specified deposits into the BSA. In response to the volatility of capital gains revenues and the resulting boom-and-bust budget cycles, Proposition 2 takes into account the State’s heavy dependence on the performance of the stock market and the resulting capital gains. Proposition 2 requires a calculation of capital gains revenues in excess of 8% of General Fund tax revenues that are not required to fund a Proposition 98 increase. In addition, it requires a calculation of 1.5% of the annual General Fund revenues. Half of each year’s calculated amount for the first 15 years must be used to pay specified types of debt or other long-term liabilities. The other half must be deposited into the BSA. After the first 15 years, at least half of each year’s deposit will be deposited in the BSA, with the remainder used for supplemental debt or liabilities payments at the option of the State legislature and to the extent not used, also deposited into the BSA. Funds may be withdrawn only for a disaster or if spending remains at or below the highest level of spending from the past three years. The maximum amount that may be withdrawn in the first year of a recession is limited to half of the BSA balance. There is also a special fund, the Public School System Stabilization Account, which serves as a Proposition 98 reserve, in which spikes in funding will be saved for future years. This reserve does not change the Proposition 98 minimum guarantee calculation. The maximum that may be reserved in the BSA is 10% of General Fund tax revenues. When the amount in the BSA is equal to its then maximum size, any amount that otherwise would have been deposited in the BSA may be spent only on infrastructure, including deferred maintenance. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Governor declared a budget emergency on June 25, 2020, which allowed for the suspension of the required transfer for fiscal year 2020-21 and for the withdrawal of $7.8 billion from the BSA.

Other examples of constraints on the budget process include Proposition 13 (requiring a two-thirds vote in each House of the Legislature to change California taxes enacted for the purpose of increasing revenues collected), Proposition 26 (requiring a two-thirds vote in each House of the Legislature for any increase in any tax on any taxpayer), Proposition 98 (requiring a minimum percentage of General Fund revenues be spent on local education), Proposition 49 (requiring expanded State funding for before and after school programs), Propositions 10 and 56 (raising taxes on tobacco products but mandating the expenditure of such revenues), Proposition 63 (imposing a 1% tax surcharge on taxpayers with annual taxable income of more than $1 million in order to fund mental health services and limiting the Legislature or Governor from redirecting funds now used for mental health services), Proposition 22 (restricting the ability of the State to use or borrow money from local governments and moneys dedicated to transportation financing, and prohibiting the use of excise taxes on motor vehicle fuels to offset General Fund costs of debt service on certain transportation bonds), Proposition 30 (transferring 1.0625% of State sales tax to local governments to fund realignment), and Proposition 39 (requiring corporations to base their State tax liability on sales in California). Proposition 25 was intended to end delays in the adoption of the annual budget by changing the legislative vote necessary to pass the budget bill from two-thirds to majority vote and requiring the legislators to forgo their pay if the Legislature fails to pass the budget bill on time.

State Indebtedness and Other Obligations

Significant Current State debt obligations are listed below.

General Obligation Bonds. The California Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of California unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or direct primary. General obligation bond acts provide a continuing appropriation from the General Fund of amounts for the payment of debt service on the related general obligation bonds, subject under State law only to the prior application of moneys in the General Fund to the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Under California’s Constitution, the appropriation to pay debt service on general obligation bonds cannot be repealed until the principal and interest on the bonds have been paid. Certain general obligation bond programs, called “self-liquidating bonds,” receive revenues from specified sources so that moneys from the General Fund are not expected to pay debt service, but the General Fund will pay the debt service if the specified revenue source is not sufficient. The principal self-liquidating general obligation bond program is the veteran general obligation bonds, supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made

to military veterans. General obligation bonds are typically authorized for infrastructure and other capital improvements at the State and local level. Pursuant to the State Constitution, general obligation bonds cannot be used to finance State budget deficits.

As of June 30, 2023, the State had authorized and outstanding approximately $71.33 billion aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds, of which approximately $70.67 billion were payable primarily from the General Fund, and approximately $660 million were “self-liquidating” bonds payable first from other special revenue funds.

As of June 30, 2023, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of approximately $26.6 billion long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes. Of this unissued amount, approximately $25.79 billion were payable primarily from the General Fund, and approximately $810 million were “self-liquidating” bonds payable first from other special revenue funds.

Variable Rate General Obligations Bonds. The State’s general obligation bond law permits the State to issue as variable rate indebtedness up to 20% of the aggregate amount of long-term general obligation bonds outstanding. The State Treasurer has adopted a Debt Management Policy that further reduces this limitation on variable rate indebtedness to 10% of the aggregate amount of long-term general obligation bonds outstanding. The terms of this policy, including this 10% limitation, can be waived or changed in the sole discretion of the State Treasurer. As of the end of 2022-23, the State had outstanding approximately $727 million of variable rate general obligation bonds, representing about 1.0% of the State’s total outstanding general obligation bonds. With respect to certain variable rate general obligation bonds having scheduled mandatory tender dates, if these bonds cannot be remarketed or refunded on or prior to their respective scheduled mandatory tender dates, there is no event of default but the interest rate on the bonds not remarketed or refunded on or prior to such date will increase, in most cases in installments, on and after the applicable scheduled mandatory tender date subject to a maximum interest rate for such bonds that may be less than the statutory maximum interest rate for the bonds, until such bonds can be remarketed or refunded or are paid at maturity. The State is obligated to redeem, on the applicable purchase date, any weekly and daily variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”) tendered for purchase if there is a failure to pay the related purchase price of such VRDOs on such purchase date from proceeds of the remarketing thereof, or from liquidity support related to such VRDOs. The State has not entered into any interest rate hedging contracts in relation to any of its variable rate general obligation bonds.

General Obligation Commercial Paper Program. Pursuant to legislation enacted in 1995, voter-approved general obligation indebtedness may be issued either as long-term bonds or, for some but not all bond acts, as commercial paper notes. Commercial paper notes may be renewed or refunded by the issuance of long-term bonds. The State uses commercial paper notes to provide flexibility for bond programs, such as to provide interim funding of voter-approved projects or to facilitate refunding of variable rate bonds into fixed rate bonds. Commercial paper notes are not included in the calculation of permitted variable rate indebtedness described above under “Variable Rate General Obligation Bonds” and are not included in the figures provided above under “General Obligation Bonds.” As of January 1, 2024, payment of a total of $2.45 billion in principal amount of commercial paper notes, plus interest thereon, is supported by credit agreements with financial institutions.

Bank Arrangements. In connection with VRDOs and the commercial paper program (“CP”), the State has entered into a number of reimbursement agreements or other credit agreements with a variety of financial institutions. These agreements include various representations and covenants of the State, and the terms by which the State would be required to pay or repay any obligations thereunder. To the extent that VRDOs or CP offered to the public cannot be remarketed over an extended period (whether due to downgrades of the credit ratings of the institution providing credit enhancement or other factors) and the applicable financial institution is obligated to purchase VRDOs or CP, interest payable by the State pursuant to the reimbursement agreement or credit agreement would generally increase over current market levels relating to the VRDOs or CP, and, with respect to VRDOs, the principal repayment period would generally be shorter (typically less than 5 years) than the period otherwise applicable to the VRDOs. In addition, after the occurrence of certain events of default as specified in a credit agreement, payment of the related VRDOs may be further accelerated and payment of related CP, as applicable, may also be accelerated and interest payable by the State on such VRDOs or CP could increase significantly.

Lease-Revenue Obligations. The State builds and acquires facilities through the issuance of lease-revenue obligations, in addition to general obligation bonds. Such borrowing must be authorized by the Legislature in a separate act or appropriation. Under these arrangements, the State of California Public Works Board (“SPWB”), another State or local agency or a joint powers authority uses proceeds of bonds to pay for the acquisition or construction of facilities, such as office buildings, university buildings, courthouses or correctional institutions. These facilities are leased to State agencies, the California State University System or the Judicial Council under a long-term lease that provides the source of revenues that are pledged to the payment of the debt service on the lease-revenue bonds. Under applicable court decisions, such lease arrangements do not constitute the creation of “indebtedness” within the meaning of State Constitutional provisions that require voter approval. As of June 1, 2022, the State had lease revenue obligations of approximately $7.83 billion for supported issues outstanding from the General Fund and approximately $5.77 billion for authorized but unissued bonds.

Non-Recourse Debt. Certain State agencies and authorities issue revenue obligations for which the General Fund has no liability. These revenue bonds represent obligations payable from the State’s revenue-producing enterprises and projects (e.g., among other revenue sources, taxes, fees and/or tolls) and conduit obligations payable only from revenues paid by private users or local governments of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. In each case, such revenue bonds are not payable from the General Fund. The enterprises and projects include transportation projects, various public works projects, public and private educational facilities, housing, health facilities and pollution control facilities. State agencies and authorities had approximately $69.2 billion aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes that are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Build America Bonds. In February 2009, the U.S. Congress enacted certain new municipal bond provisions as part of the federal economic stimulus act (“ARRA”), which allowed municipal issuers such as the State to issue Build America Bonds (“BABs”) for new infrastructure investments. BABs are bonds whose interest is subject to federal income tax, but pursuant to ARRA, the U.S. Treasury was to repay the issuer an amount equal to 35% of the interest cost on any BABs issued during 2009 and 2010. The BAB subsidy payments related to general obligation bonds are General Fund revenues to the State, while subsidy payments for lease-revenue bonds are deposited into a fund which is made available to the SPWB for any lawful purpose. In neither instance are the subsidy payments specifically pledged to repayment of the BABs to which they relate. The cash subsidy payment with respect to the BABs, to which the State is entitled, is treated by the Internal Revenue Service as a refund of a tax credit and such refund may be offset by the Department of Treasury by any liability of the State payable to the federal government. None of the State’s BAB subsidy payments to date have been reduced because of such an offset.

Pursuant to federal budget legislation adopted in August 2011, starting as of March 1, 2013, the government’s BAB subsidy payments were reduced as part of a government-wide “sequestration” of many program expenditures. The amount of the reduction of the BAB subsidy payment has ranged from a high of 8.7% in 2013 to a low of 5.7% for federal fiscal years 2021 through 2030. The amount of the reduction of the BAB subsidy payment has been less than $30 million annually and is presently scheduled to continue through September 30, 2030, although U.S. Congress can terminate or modify it sooner, or extend it. None of the BAB subsidy payments are pledged to pay debt service for the general obligation and SPWB BABs, so this reduction will not affect the State’s ability to pay its debt service on time, nor have any material impact on the State’s General Fund.

Future Issuance Plans. Based on estimates from the Department of Finance, as well as updates from the State Treasurer’s Office, the proposed issuance of new money general obligation bonds (some of which may initially be in the form of commercial paper notes) is approximately $4.1 billion for the year 2024-25. Approximately $1.7 billion of new money lease-revenue bonds are expected to be issued in fiscal year 2024-25. These estimates will be updated by the State Treasurer’s Office based on information provided by the Department of Finance with respect to the updated funding needs of, and actual spending by, departments. In addition, the actual amount of bonds sold will depend on other factors such as overall budget constraints, market conditions and other considerations. The State also expects to issue refunding bonds as market conditions warrant.

Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. In 1998, the State signed a settlement agreement with four major cigarette manufacturers (“participating manufacturers”), in which the participating manufacturers agreed to make payments to the State in perpetuity. Under a separate Memorandum of Understanding, half of the payments made by the cigarette manufacturers are paid to the State and half to certain local governments, subject to certain adjustments.

In 2002, the State established a special purpose trust to purchase tobacco assets and to issue revenue bonds secured by the tobacco settlement revenues. Legislation in 2003 authorized a credit enhancement mechanism that requires the Governor to request an appropriation from the General Fund in the annual Budget Act for payment of debt service and other related costs in the event tobacco settlement revenues and certain other amounts are insufficient. The State legislature is not obligated to make any General Fund appropriation so requested.

The credit enhancement mechanism only applies to certain tobacco settlement bonds that were issued in 2005, 2013, 2015, and 2018 with an outstanding principal amount of approximately $1.9 billion (the “enhanced bonds”). The enhanced bonds are neither general nor legal obligations of the State and neither the faith and credit, nor the taxing power, nor any other assets or revenues of the State shall be pledged to the payment of the enhanced bonds. However, as described above, the State committed to request the State legislature for a General Fund appropriation in the event there are insufficient tobacco settlement revenues to pay debt service on the enhanced bonds, and in the event that certain other available amounts, including the reserve fund for the enhanced bonds, are depleted. Every enacted budget since 2003 has included this appropriation, but use of the appropriated moneys has never been required.

Draws on the reserve funds for the enhanced bonds in the amount of approximately $7.9 million were used to make required debt service payments on the 2005 bonds in 2011 and 2012. In April 2013, the reserve fund was replenished in full from tobacco revenues. If, in any future year, tobacco settlement revenues are less than the required debt service payments on the enhanced bonds in such year, additional draws on the reserve funds will be required and at some point in the future the reserve funds may become fully depleted. The State is not obligated to replenish the reserve funds from the General Fund, or to request an appropriation to replenish the reserve funds.

Cash Management Borrowings. The majority of the State’s General Fund receipts are received in the latter part of the fiscal year. Disbursements from the General Fund occur more evenly throughout the fiscal year. The State’s cash management program customarily addresses this timing difference by making use of internal borrowing and by issuing short-term notes in the capital markets when necessary.

Internal Borrowing. The General Fund is currently authorized by law to borrow for cash management purposes from more than 800 of the State’s approximately 1,300 other funds in the State Treasury (the “Special Funds”). Total borrowing from Special Funds must be approved quarterly by the Pooled Money Investment Board (“PMIB”). The State Controller submits an authorization request to the PMIB quarterly, based on forecasted available funds and borrowing needs. The Legislature may from time to time adopt legislation establishing additional authority to borrow from Special Funds. The State also may transfer funds into the General Fund from the SFEU, which is not a special fund.

External Borrowing. External borrowing is typically done with revenue anticipation notes (“RANs”) that are payable not later than the last day of the fiscal year in which they are issued. Prior to fiscal year 2015-16, RANs had been issued in all but one fiscal year since the mid-1980s and have always been paid at maturity.

The State also is authorized under certain circumstances to issue revenue anticipation warrants (“RAWs”) that are payable in the succeeding fiscal year. The State issued RAWs to bridge short-term cash management shortages in the early 1990s and early 2000s. RANs and RAWs are both payable from any “Unapplied Money” in the General Fund on their maturity date, subject to the prior application of such money in the General Fund to pay priority payments. “Priority payments” consist of: (i) the setting apart of State revenues in support of public school system and public institutions of higher education (as provided in Section 8 of Article XVI of the State Constitution); (ii) payment of the principal of and interest on general obligation bonds and general obligation commercial paper notes of the State as and when due; (iii) a contingent obligation for General Fund payments to local governments for certain costs for realigned public safety programs if not provided from a share of State sales and use taxes, as provided in Article XIII, Section 36 of the State Constitution, enacted by Proposition 30; (iv) reimbursement from the General Fund to any special fund or account to the extent such reimbursement is legally required to be made to repay borrowings therefrom pursuant to Government Code Sections 16310 or 16418; and (v) payment of State employees’ wages and benefits, required State payments to pension and other State employee benefit trust funds, State Medi-Cal claims, lease payments to support lease-revenue bonds, and any amounts determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be required by federal law or the State Constitution to be paid with State warrants that can be cashed immediately.

State fiscal officers constantly monitor the State’s cash position and if it appears that cash resources may become inadequate, they will consider the use of other cash management techniques, including seeking additional legislation.

Ratings. As of April 2024, the State’s general obligation bonds were rated Aa2 by Moody’s, AA- by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), and AA by Fitch Ratings. It is not possible to determine whether, or the extent to which, Moody’s, S&P or Fitch Ratings will change such ratings in the future.

State Pension Funds. The two main State pension funds, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (“CalSTRS”), have substantial unfunded liabilities in the tens of billions of dollars. As of June 30, 2022, the funded status for CalPERS and CalSTRS were estimated to be 72% and 74.4%, respectively.

Federal Fiscal Policy. The federal administration and U.S. Congressional leaders have attempted, proposed or made major changes to the Affordable Care Act (including repeal of the individual mandate in the Affordable Care Act), Medicaid and trade and immigration policy, in addition to other actions, which could potentially have detrimental effects on the State’s budget. Additional federal institutional policy changes that might affect economic growth, such as expenditure reductions and changes in interest rates, may also cause businesses and individuals to pull back on investment or consumption.

As a result, there is an additional layer of uncertainty with regard to the State’s revenue estimates. The State anticipates that the impact on the State economy and General Fund revenues resulting from stagnation or net loss of the State’s population and any actions taken by businesses or wealthy individuals, including changes in behavior and possible increase in out-migration of high-income taxpayers, may not be apparent for some time.

Medi-Cal and Health Care Reform. California’s implementation of the Affordable Care Act included the mandatory and optional Medi-Cal expansions. The mandatory Medi-Cal expansion simplified eligibility, enrollment, and retention rules that make it easier to get and stay on Medi-Cal. The operational expansion of Medi-Cal extended eligibility to adults without children and to parent and caretaker relatives with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level.

To provide Medi-Cal for adults age 26 and over, the state is estimated to allocate $1.4 billion ($1.2 billion General Fund) in 2023-24 and $3.4 billion ($3.1 billion General Fund) at full implementation.

Individual Mandate and Subsidies Program. The 2019 Budget included a statewide requirement for California residents to obtain comprehensive health coverage or pay a penalty consistent with the federal penalties and mandate exemptions originally outlined under the Affordable Care Act beginning January 1, 2020. The 2019 Budget Act also included advanced premium assistance subsidies to individuals with household incomes below 138% and between 200% and 600% of the federal poverty level beginning January 1, 2020.

The budget provides $82.5 million in 2023-24 and $165 million annually thereafter to reduce the cost of health coverage through Covered California. The budget also includes a $600 million loan to the General Fund to help address the state budget shortfall, which will be repaid in 2025-26.

Local Government. The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from less than 2,000 residents in Alpine County to over 10 million in Los Angeles County. There are also nearly 500 incorporated cities and thousands of other special districts formed for education, utility and other services. Counties are responsible for provision of many basic services, including indigent healthcare, welfare, courts, jails and public safety in unincorporated areas.

The 2011 Budget Act instituted a major realignment of responsibility for public safety programs from the State to local governments, including moving lower-level offenders from State prisons to county supervision, reducing the number of parole violators in the State’s prisons, local public safety programs, mental health services, substance abuse treatment, child welfare services and adult protective services.

The 2011 realignment is projected to be funded through two sources in fiscal year 2022-23: (1) a State special fund sales tax of 1.0625%, which is projected to total $8.9 billion, and (2) vehicle license fees. General Fund savings have been over $2.0 billion annually from the realigned programs beginning in fiscal year 2011-12.

Proposition 218, a constitutional amendment approved by the voters in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. The limitations include requiring a majority vote approval for general local tax increases, prohibiting fees for services in excess of the cost of providing such service, and providing that no fee may be charged for fire, police, or any other service widely available to the public.

The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A of 2004 and Proposition 22 in 2010 further changed the State-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between the Governor and local government officials in connection with the 2004 Budget Act. Proposition 1A, approved by voters in November 2004, has reduced the Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State’s access to local governments’ property, sales and vehicle licensing revenues. Proposition 1A also prohibits the State from mandating activities on cities, counties or special districts without providing for the funding needed to comply with the mandates. The State mandate provisions of Proposition 1A do not apply to schools or community colleges or to mandates relating to employee rights.

Proposition 22, adopted in November 2010, supersedes Proposition 1A and prohibits any future borrowing by the State from local government funds, and generally prohibits the Legislature from making changes in local government funding sources. Allocation of local transportation funds cannot be changed without an extensive process.

Local governments in California have experienced notable financial difficulties from time to time, and there is no assurance that any California issuer will make full or timely payments of principal or interest or remain solvent. It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State, and there is no obligation on the part of the State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.

Constitutional and Legislative Factors. Initiative constitutional amendments affecting State and local taxes and appropriations have been proposed and adopted pursuant to the State’s initiative process from time to time. If any such initiatives are adopted, the State could be pressured to provide additional financial assistance to local governments or appropriate revenues as mandated by such initiatives. Propositions that may be adopted in the future may also place increasing pressure on the State’s budget over future years, potentially reducing resources available for other State programs, especially to the extent any mandated spending limits would restrain the State’s ability to fund such other programs by raising taxes. Because of the complexities of constitutional amendments and related legislation concerning appropriations and spending limits, the ambiguities and possible inconsistencies in their terms, the applicability of any exceptions and exemptions and the impossibility of predicting future appropriations, it is not possible to predict the impact on the bonds in the portfolios of the Fund.

Effect of Other State Laws on Bond Obligations. Some of the California municipal securities in which the Funds can invest may be obligations payable solely from the revenues of a specific institution or secured by specific properties. These are subject to provisions of California law that could adversely affect the holders of such obligations. For example, the revenues of California healthcare institutions may be adversely affected by State laws reducing Medi-Cal reimbursement rates, and California law limits the remedies available to a creditor secured by a mortgage or deed of trust on real property. Debt obligations payable solely from revenues of

healthcare institutions may also be insured by the State but no guarantee exists that adequate reserve funds will be appropriated by the Legislature for such purpose.

Litigation. The State is a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which normally occur in governmental operations. In addition, the State is involved in certain other legal proceedings (some of which are described in California’s recent financial statements) that, if decided against the State might require the State to make significant future expenditures or impair future revenue sources. Because of the prospective nature of these proceedings, it is not presently possible to predict the outcome of such litigation or estimate the potential impact on the ability of the State to pay debt service costs on its obligations, or determine what impact, if any, such proceedings may have on the Fund.

New York

Special Considerations Relating to New York Municipal Obligations

General. The Fund will have considerable investments in New York municipal obligations. Accordingly, the Fund is susceptible to certain factors that could adversely affect issuers of New York municipal obligations. The ability of issuers to pay interest on, and repay principal of, New York municipal obligations may be affected by: (1) amendments to the Constitution of the State of New York (“State”) and other statutes that limit the taxing and spending authority of New York government entities; (2) the general financial and economic profile as well as the political climate of the State, its public authorities and political subdivisions; and (3) a change in New York laws and regulations or subsequent court decisions that may affect, directly or indirectly, New York municipal obligations. The Fund’s yield and share price is sensitive to these factors as one or more of such factors could undermine New York issuers’ efforts to borrow, inhibit secondary market liquidity, erode credit ratings and affect New York issuers’ ability to pay interest on, and repay principal of, New York municipal obligations. Furthermore, it should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local New York issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State and the City of New York (“the City”), and that there is no obligation on the part of the State or the City to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.

Summarized below are financial concerns relating to the Fund’s investments in New York municipal obligations. This section is not intended to be a comprehensive description of all risks involved in investing in New York municipal obligations. The information in this section is intended to give a summary description based on information available as of the date of this SAI and may not reflect recent developments. This information is not intended to indicate future or continuing trends in the financial or other positions of the State and the City. It should be noted that the information recorded here is based on the economic and budget forecasts and economic risks found in certain 2023 and 2024 publications issued by the State, the City, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (“MTA”). The accuracy and completeness of the information in those reports have not been independently verified. The resources used to prepare the disclosure related to the City, the State, and the U.S. economy were published between June 2023 and April 2024, and the resources used to prepare the MTA disclosure were published in February 2024.

Since the time that such resources were published, there have been, and may yet be, significant changes in circumstances altering the economic and budget predictions found in those publications and presented here. It appears that the economy avoided the expected downturn in 2023. However, challenges remain, including persistent inflation and the impact of restrictive monetary policy. High interest rates are likely to curb spending, investment, and employment.

It is also important to note that many of the dollar amounts referenced in this section have been truncated to one digit after the decimal and rounded up or down to the appropriate dollar denomination. Because such dollar amounts generally reference large sums of money (e.g., millions or billions of dollars), the truncation and/or rounding of such dollar amounts may significantly differ from the untruncated and unrounded dollar amounts.

State Economy. The State has a diverse economy with a relatively large share of the nation’s financial activities, information, education, and health services employment, and a rather small share of the nation’s farming and mining activity. The State has the fourth highest population in the nation, and its residents have a comparatively high level of personal wealth. The most significant sectors of the State’s economy differ from those of the national economy. Travel and tourism comprise a significant part of the economy. The State’s location, airport facilities and natural harbors have made it an important hub for international commerce. Like the rest of the nation, New York has a declining proportion of its workforce engaged in manufacturing, and an increasing proportion engaged in service industries. Nonetheless, manufacturing remains an important sector of the State economy, particularly for the upstate region, which hosts higher concentrations of manufacturers. The financial activities sector share of total State wages is particularly large relative to the nation. During an economic recession that is concentrated in construction and manufacturing, the State is likely to be less affected than the nation as a whole; however, the State is more likely to be affected during a recession that is concentrated in the services sector. The City has the highest population of any city in the nation and is the center of the nation’s largest metropolitan area. The City accounts for a large percentage of the State’s residents and personal income.

The discussion that follows regarding the status of the U.S. and State economies is primarily based on information published by the State Division of the Budget (“DOB”). All predictions and past performance information regarding the U.S. and State economies

contained in this subsection were made on or before that date even though they may be stated in the present tense and may no longer be accurate. You also are encouraged to read, in conjunction with this description of the State economy, the “New York City Economy” subsection of this “Special Risk Considerations” section of this SAI, which presents some of the City Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) projections regarding the economy.

U.S. Economic Forecast. U.S. real GDP growth is expected to slow from an average pace of 2.4 percent in 2023 to 1.3 percent in 2024. This year’s economic projections point to an economy growing below its long-term potential but, in such an economic environment, there could still be an economic downturn. Real GDP grew by 4.9 percent in the third quarter of 2023, more than double the historical trend growth rate, and consumer spending, residential investment, international trade, and labor markets pointed to an above-trend expansion in 2023. However, the economy will slow in the first two quarters of 2024, and real GDP growth is forecast to be below 1 percent in the first half of 2024. While this growth may not technically be a recession, which involves negative growth rates and high unemployment, it is still a growth cycle downturn in which the economy deviates significantly from its long-run trajectory.

By the end of 2023, robust economic growth, continued strong labor demand, and high average wage growth drove nearly 2.5 million people into the labor force. Early indications suggest businesses are reducing hiring and scaling back open positions, but widespread layoffs are not expected. Retirements within the baby boomer generation continue to limit labor supply growth and will constrain the economic growth outlook over the next decade absent a substantial increase in immigration and/or a boost to productivity growth resulting from the deployment and adoption of new technologies.

Total nonfarm employment grew by 2.3 percent in 2023. Strong job growth in 2023 created further economic momentum for 2024 by lifting consumer spending. Government spending likely cushioned the economy from the impact of the Federal Reserve’s (“Fed”) monetary tightening. Monthly job gains averaged 257,000 in the first half of 2023 but slowed to 193,000 per month on average between July and December 2023. Overall, employment is forecast to grow by 0.9 percent in 2024. Similarly, the quarterly unemployment rate is projected to peak at 4.3 percent by mid-2024.

There are still challenges ahead. Inflation is persistent, and the impacts of restrictive monetary policy are being felt in financial markets, the real estate sector, and the overall economy. High interest rates are likely to curb spending, investment, and employment, and recent gains in wages and personal income are likely to slow. The global economy is expected to slow down, reducing business activity in international trade.

Year-over-year change in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) dropped to 3.4 percent in December 2023 from 9.1 percent in June 2022. The strength of economic growth over the second half of 2023 and ongoing job growth suggests inflation pressures will remain elevated in 2024. While the trajectory of inflation is likely to remain volatile in the months ahead, the CPI is forecasted to grow 2.8 percent in 2024 following 4.1 percent growth in 2023. Overall consumer price inflation is projected to ease to 2.3 percent in 2025, closer to the Fed’s inflation target.

Higher incomes and household saving levels are expected to continue supporting consumer spending, helping to offset any adverse impacts of tightening credit standards and a resumption of student loan payments. Consistent with a solid employment outlook and slowly decelerating hourly earnings growth, U.S. wages are projected to grow by 4.3 percent in 2024. With nonwage income growth also moderating, U.S. personal income growth is projected at 4.1 percent in 2024. U.S. wages and personal income grew robustly in 2023 due to tight labor market conditions, which supported increasing labor compensation.

Financial market conditions are expected to remain tight in 2024. The Fed’s tightening monetary policy stance appears to have reversed the rising inflation trajectory, while also making borrowing more costly, reducing demand, and slowing growth below what it might have been otherwise. Elevated long-term rates are expected to become a significant drag on residential and business investment in 2024, and to have a much larger effect on access to credit than rate hikes by the Fed alone. Higher interest rates could also take a toll on asset prices. Equity markets are expected to soften in 2024, providing less support for household spending through the wealth effect. No more rate hikes are expected in 2024, and a partial reversal of the tightening policy is anticipated after mid-2024. If the increase in the long-term Treasury bond yields is sustained, economic momentum could be further curtailed without the Fed raising its policy rates.

Economic growth, interest rates, and financial conditions directly influence the finance and insurance sector. Following a decline of 15.1 percent in fiscal year (“FY”) 2023, the State’s finance and insurance sector bonuses are estimated to fall by another 2.7 percent in FY 2024. Growth in financial activities in 2024 is expected to be modest due to a weak national and global economic environment and geopolitical and presidential election uncertainties. Finance and insurance sector bonuses are projected to grow by 7.7 percent in FY 2025.

There are several economic risks on the horizon that could create a downside for the baseline economic outlook discussed herein. Moreover, there are additional sources of uncertainties despite somewhat favorable expectations for 2024. One of the two sources of uncertainty is whether the economy will experience a recession which, in overall economic activity, would be disruptive, costly, and create even greater uncertainty. A second source of major uncertainty in the economic outlook is whether inflation remains on a downward trajectory and whether inflation expectations remain anchored.

State Budget. Each year, the Governor is required to provide the State Legislature (“Legislature”) with an executive budget, which constitutes the proposed State financial plan for the ensuing fiscal year. The State’s fiscal year for 2023-2024 ended on March 31, 2024. (The State’s fiscal year for 2024-2025 runs from April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025.) The Governor’s executive budget is required to be balanced on a cash basis and that is the primary focus of DOB in preparing the financial plan for the State. State finance law also requires the State financial plan to be reported using generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), in accordance with standards and regulations set forth by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”). As such, the State reports its financial results on both the cash accounting basis, showing receipts and disbursements, and the GAAP modified accrual basis, showing revenues and expenditures. The State financial results, as described below, are calculated on a cash accounting basis, showing revenues and expenditures. The State financial results, as described below, are calculated on a cash accounting basis, unless specified otherwise. The GAAP projections for the State’s budget can be obtained from DOB.

The DOB has published the Enacted Budget Financial Plan for Fiscal Year 2024, which sets forth the State’s official financial plans for fiscal years 2024 through 2027. (The 2024 Financial Plan, to the extent updated and modified by updates, is referred to herein as the “Financial Plan”.) The DOB has also subsequently issued an Annual Information Statement, dated July 10, 2023, which is updated quarterly.

The Governor and Legislative leaders reached agreement on the outlines of the FY 2024 Enacted Budget in late April 2023. All debt service appropriations were passed on March 31, 2023, prior to the start of FY 2024. Both houses completed final action on the FY 2024 Budget on May 2, 2023. On May 12, 2023, the Governor completed her review of all budget bills.

Since enactment of the FY 2024 Budget, the Legislature has passed several bills that, if approved by the Governor, could result in significant new costs to the General Fund in FY 2024 and future years. The bills are expected to be sent to the Governor for her consideration in the coming months. The DOB will reflect the fiscal impact of bills that are approved by the Governor in future updates to the Financial Plan.

The State also reached an agreement with the Civil Service Employees Association (“CSEA”) for a five-year term covering FY 2022 - FY 2026. The agreement provides annual 3 percent salary increases in FY 2024 through FY 2026, as well as other compensation and is partly offset by health insurance benefit design changes. There can be no assurance that amounts informally reserved in the Financial Plan for labor settlements and agency operations will be sufficient to fund the cost of future labor contracts with other bargaining units.

General Fund Balances and State Spending. State Operating Funds encompasses the General Fund and a wide range of State activities funded from revenue sources outside the General Fund, including dedicated tax revenues, tuition, income, fees, and assessments. Activities funded with these dedicated revenue sources often have no direct bearing on the State’s ability to maintain a balanced budget in the General Fund, but nonetheless are captured in State Operating Funds. In FY 2024 State Operating Funds spending is estimated at $125.3 billion, an increase of 1.3 percent from FY 2023. The decline in all other spending reflects the management of surplus resources generated in prior years, which consist of the prepayment of debt service and fringe benefit expenses due in future years.

Special Considerations

The Financial Plan Generally

The Financial Plan is subject to economic, social, financial, political, public health, and environmental risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the ability of the State to predict or control. The projections of receipts and disbursements in the Financial Plan are based on reasonable assumptions at the time they were prepared, but the DOB is unable to provide any assurance that actual results will not differ materially and adversely from these projections.

The Financial Plan is based on numerous assumptions including the condition of the State and national economies, and the collection of economically sensitive tax receipts in the amounts projected. Uncertainties and risks that may affect economic and receipts forecasts include, but are not limited to, national and international events; inflation; consumer confidence; commodity prices; supply chain disruptions; major terrorist events; hostilities or war; climate change and extreme weather events; severe epidemic or pandemic events; cybersecurity events; Federal laws and regulations; financial sector compensation; capital gains; and monetary policy affecting interest rates and the financial markets.

The Financial Plan forecast is subject to litigation risk. Litigation against the State may challenge the constitutionality of various actions with fiscal implications. Furthermore, individual adverse decisions could, in the aggregate, negatively affect the Financial Plan.

The Financial Plan is subject to various uncertainties and contingencies including, but not limited to, the level of wage and benefit increases for State employees; changes in the size of the State’s workforce; factors affecting the State's required pension fund contributions; the availability of Federal reimbursement, including Federal COVID-19 emergency assistance; the receipt of Federal approvals necessary to implement the Medicaid savings actions; unanticipated growth in public assistance programs; the ability of the State to implement cost reduction initiatives, including reductions in State agency operations, when established, and the success with

which the State controls expenditures; and the ability of the State and its public authorities to issue securities successfully in public credit markets. Some of these issues are described in more detail herein.

In developing the Financial Plan, the DOB attempts to mitigate financial risks. It does this by, among other things, exercising caution when calculating total General Fund disbursements and managing the accumulation of financial resources. Such resources include fund balances that are not needed each year, reimbursement for capital advances, and prepayment of expenses subject to available resources. The DOB routinely executes cash management actions to manage the State’s large and complex budget. These actions are intended to improve the State’s cash flow, manage resources within and across State fiscal years, adhere to spending targets, and better position the State to address unanticipated costs, including economic downturns, revenue deterioration, and unplanned expenditures. There is no guarantee that such financial resources or cash management actions will be sufficient to address risks that may materialize in a given fiscal year.

There can be no assurance that the State’s financial position will not change materially and adversely from current projections. If this were to occur, the State may be required to take additional gap-closing actions. Such actions may include, but are not limited to, reductions in State agency operations; delays or reductions in payments to local governments or other recipients of State aid; delays in or suspension of capital maintenance and construction; extraordinary financing of operating expenses; and use of non-recurring resources. In some cases, the ability of the State to implement such actions requires the approval of the Legislature and cannot be implemented solely by the Governor.

The Financial Plan forecast of non-tax receipts and other available resources assumes various transactions will occur as planned including, but not limited to, receipt of Federal aid as projected; certain payments from public authorities; revenue sharing payments under the Tribal-State Compacts; and transfer of available fund balances to the General Fund.

Budget Risks and Uncertainties: School Aid and Medicaid

In FY 2012, the State enacted legislation intended to limit the year-to-year growth in the State’s two largest local assistance programs, School Aid and Medicaid. These limitations on spending growth are described below:

The School Aid growth cap is intended to limit the growth in School Aid to the annual growth in State Personal Income, as calculated in the Personal Income Growth Index ("PIGI"). The statutory PIGI for School Aid limits School Aid increases to no more than the average annual income growth over a ten-year period. In certain years, the authorized School Aid increases exceeded the indexed levels. The school year (SY) 2024 increase of $3.0 billion (9.7 percent) is above the indexed PIGI rate of 4.2 percent. In SY 2025 and beyond, School Aid is projected to increase in line with the rate allowed under the School Aid growth cap.

Over 80 percent of the Department of Health ("DOH") State Funds Medicaid spending growth is subject to the Global Cap. Global Cap spending growth in FY 2024 is estimated at $1.4 billion. The Global Cap index has been revised based on updated annual projections of health care spending. The revised rates provide additional Medicaid spending of $475 million in FY 2024 growing to $754 million in FY 2027. Medicaid spending is currently projected to exceed the cap by $242 million in FY 2026 and $283 million in FY 2027. The higher cost is mainly attributable to higher-than-expected enrollment, utilization and spending trends.

Labor Agreements

The State negotiates multi-year collective bargaining agreements with its unionized workforce. The agreements affect personal service and fringe benefit costs.

Recently reached agreements with the District Council 37 (Local 1359 Rent Regulation Service Employees) and New York State Correctional Officers & Police Benevolent Association ("NYSCOPBA") have been ratified. The three-year contract with District Council 37 provides annual 3% salary increases in FY 2023 through FY 2025. The three-year contract with NYSCOPBA provides annual 3% salary increases in FY 2023 through FY 2025.

The State also recently reached an agreement with the Police Benevolent Association of New York State that is retroactive to FY 2018 and would expire in FY 2026, which is subject to ratification. This agreement includes annual 3.5 percent salary increases in FY 2023 and FY 2024, and a 4.0 percent salary increase in FY 2025. Allocations of reserves set aside for this purpose will be reflected in future Financial Plan updates following ratification.

There can be no assurance that amounts informally reserved in the Financial Plan for labor settlements and agency operations will be sufficient to fund the cost of future labor contracts.

Local Assistance Spending

School Aid. The Financial Plan provides $34.4 billion in State aid to schools for SY 2024, an increase of $3 billion (9.7 percent). Including Federal prekindergarten expansion grants, schools will receive $34.5 billion. This growth primarily reflects a $2.6 billion

(12.3 percent) Foundation Aid increase including a minimum 3 percent annual increase to fully funded districts that would otherwise not receive a Foundation Aid increase under current law.

Medicaid Global Cap. As noted above, Medicaid spending is currently projected to exceed the cap by $242 million in FY 2026 and $283 million in FY 2027.

The FY 2024 Enacted Budget includes several investments in health care, including $500 million in assistance for financially distressed hospitals, increasing or adding Medicaid reimbursement for hospitals, nursing homes and assisted living providers, primary care, school-based health centers, transportation services, and additional types of mental health providers in community health centers. The Financial Plan also includes savings due to the transition of the prescription drug program to the State run Medicaid Pharmacy Program. With this transition, New York State will pay pharmacies directly for drugs and supplies on behalf of Medicaid members. Transitioning the pharmacy benefit from Managed Care to Medicaid Fee-for-Service will result in significant savings to the State, most of which will be reinvested back into healthcare. Other actions include expanding the Medicaid Buy-in program so more disabled persons can continue to work without the risk of losing health benefits and supporting critical primary and preventative care for Medicaid enrollees that will help improve population health and reduce preventable hospitalizations and emergency room visits.

To maintain spending within the Global Cap, the State will utilize a portion of the Affordable Care Act Enhanced Federal Medical Assistance Percentage savings to offset growth in Medicaid costs borne by the State rather than counties ($219 million). Other actions include shifting pregnancy coverage to the Essential Plan ($41 million in FY 2024 and $165 million annually thereafter); and aligning the timing of expanded coverage for certain groups with the Federal waiver submission ($172 million).

Debt Reform Act Limit

The Debt Reform Act of 2000 (“Debt Reform Act”) restricts the issuance of State-supported debt funding to capital purposes only and limits the maximum term of bonds to 30 years. The Act limits the amount of new State-supported debt to 4 percent of State personal income, and new State-supported debt service costs to 5 percent of All Funds receipts. The restrictions apply to State-supported debt issued after April 1, 2000. DOB, as administrator of the Debt Reform Act, determined that the State complied with the statutory caps in the most recent calculation period (FY 2022).

The State enacted legislation that suspended certain provisions of the Debt Reform Act for FY 2021 and FY 2022 bond issuances as part of the State’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, State-supported debt issued in FY 2021 and FY 2022 was not limited to capital purposes and is not counted towards the statutory caps on debt outstanding and debt service. Following this temporary two year suspension, the provisions of the Debt Reform Act were reinstated for State-supported debt issued in FY 2023 and beyond. One limited exception to the Debt Reform Act remains for issuances undertaken by the State for MTA capital projects which may be issued with maximum maturities longer than 30 years. This allows bonds to be issued over the full useful life of the assets being financed, subject to Federal tax law limitations, and is consistent with the rules that would have been in effect if the projects had been directly financed by the MTA.

Current projections anticipate that State-supported debt outstanding and State-supported debt service will continue to remain below the limits imposed by the Debt Reform Act, in part reflecting the statutory suspension of the debt caps during FY 2021 and FY 2022.

Based on the most recent personal income and debt outstanding forecasts, the available debt capacity under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline from $24.8 billion in FY 2023 to a low point of $ 3.7 billion in FY 2028. This calculation includes the estimated impact of funding capital commitments with State bonds. The debt service on State-supported debt subject to the statutory cap is projected at $2.6 billion in FY 2026, or roughly $8.5 billion below the statutory debt service limit.

Federal Issues

The State receives a substantial amount of Federal aid for health care, education, transportation, and other governmental purposes, as well as Federal funding to respond to, and recover from, severe weather events and other disasters. Many policies that drive this Federal aid may be subject to change under the Biden Administration and the new Congress. Current Federal aid projections, and the assumptions on which they rely, are subject to revision because of changes in Federal policy.

The amount and composition of Federal funds received by the State have changed over time because of legislative and regulatory actions at the Federal level and will likely continue to change over the Financial Plan period. The Financial Plan may also be adversely affected by other Federal government actions including audits, disallowances, and changes to Federal participation rates or other Medicaid rules. Any reductions in Federal aid could have a materially adverse impact on the Financial Plan. Notable areas with potential for change include health care, and human services.

The State submitted a 1115 waiver extension request to CMS that preserves current Medicaid Managed Care Programs, Children’s HCBS, and self-direction of personal care services. This waiver was approved on March 31, 2022, and is effective for five years.

On January 9, 2024, CMS approved the DOH's waiver amendment under the 1115 waiver. This waiver significantly expands the State's Medicaid Program by deploying approximately $7.5 billion in funding from April 2024 through March 2027 to implement programmatic demonstrations. This initiative is intended to lay the groundwork for advancing health equity, reducing health disparities and disengagement from the health system, supporting the delivery of health-related social needs services, and promoting workforce development in the State.

Periodically, Congress needs to act to increase or suspend the debt limit to avoid delaying payments and/or defaulting on debt obligations. A Federal government default on payments, particularly for a prolonged period, could have a materially adverse effect on national and state economies, financial markets, and intergovernmental aid payments. Specific effects on the Financial Plan resulting from a future Federal government default are unknown and impossible to predict. However, data from past economic downturns suggests that the State’s revenue loss could be substantial if there was an economic downturn due to a federal default.

A payment default by the federal government also may adversely affect the municipal bond market. Municipal issuers, including the State and its public authorities and localities, could face higher borrowing costs and impaired access to capital markets. This would jeopardize planned capital investments and projects. Additionally, the market for and market value of outstanding municipal obligations, including municipal obligations of the State and its public authorities, could be adversely affected.

Other Post-Employment Benefits (“OPEB”)

State employees become eligible for post-employment benefits (e.g., health insurance) if they reach retirement while working for the State; are enrolled in either the New York State Health Insurance Program (“NYSHIP”) or the NYSHIP opt-out program at the time they reach retirement; and have the required years of eligible service. The cost of providing post-retirement health insurance is shared between the State and the retired employee. Contributions are established by law and may be amended by the Legislature.

Bond Market and Credit Ratings

Successful execution of the Financial Plan is dependent on the State's ability to market bonds. The State finances much of its capital spending, in the first instance, from the General Fund or STIP, which it then reimburses with proceeds from the sale of bonds. An inability of the State to sell bonds or notes at the level or on the timetable it expects could have a material and adverse impact on the State’s financial position and the implementation of its Capital Plan. The success of projected public sales of municipal bonds is subject to prevailing market conditions and related ratings issued by national credit rating agencies, among other factors. Future developments in the financial markets, including possible changes in Federal tax law relating to the taxation of interest on municipal bonds, may affect the market for outstanding State-supported and State-related debt.

The major rating agencies -- Fitch, Kroll, Moody’s, and S&P -- have assigned the State general credit ratings of AA+, AA+, Aa1, and AA+, respectively. The State's rating has a stable outlook from all four rating agencies. These ratings reflect the State's economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and commitment to strong reserve levels. The most recent rating action was on April 13, 2022, when Moody’s raised the State’s credit rating from Aa2 to Aa1, noting “a significant increase in resources combined with agile fiscal management that has resulted in balanced or nearly balanced budgets projected through the State’s five-year financial plan.”

Debt Limits, Ratings, and Outstanding Debt

As of March 31, 2023, State-related debt outstanding totaled $55.9 billion, equal to approximately 3.6 percent of New York personal income. The State’s debt levels are typically measured by the DOB using two categories: State-supported debt and State-related debt

State-supported debt represents obligations of the State that are paid from traditional State resources (i.e., tax revenue) and have a budgetary impact. It includes General Obligation debt, to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged, and lease purchase and contractual obligations of public authorities and municipalities, where the State’s legal obligation to make payments to those public authorities and municipalities is subject to and paid from annual appropriations made by the Legislature. These include the State Personal Income Tax (“PIT”) Revenue Bond program and the State Sales Tax Revenue Bond program. The State’s debt reform caps on debt outstanding and debt service apply to State-supported debt. This category also includes inter-governmental loans, where no bonds are issued but the State has agreed to pay annual loan payments to another governmental entity.

State-related debt is a broader measure of State debt, which includes all debt that is reported in the State’s GAAP-basis financial statements, except for unamortized premiums and accumulated accretion on capital appreciation bonds. These financial statements are audited by external independent auditors and published by the Office of the State Comptroller (“OSC”) on an annual basis. The debt reported in the GAAP-basis financial statements includes General Obligation debt, other State-supported debt as defined in the State Finance Law, certain debt of the Municipal Bond Bank Agency (“MBBA”) issued to finance prior year school aid claims and capital leases and mortgage loan commitments. In addition, State-related debt reported by the DOB includes State-guaranteed debt, moral obligation financings and certain contingent-contractual obligation financings, where debt service is paid from non-State sources in the

first instance, but State appropriations are available to make payments if necessary. These numbers are not reported as debt in the State’s GAAP-basis financial statements.

The State uses three primary bond programs, PIT Revenue Bonds, Sales Tax Revenue Bonds, and to a lesser extent General Obligation Bonds to finance capital spending. As of March 31, 2023, $43.6 billion of PIT Revenue Bonds were outstanding, $10.1 billion of Sales Tax Revenue Bonds were outstanding, and approximately $1.8 billion of General Obligation bonds were outstanding.

In 1990, legislation was enacted creating LGAC, a public benefit corporation, as part of a State fiscal reform program to eliminate “seasonal borrowing.” Prior to this legislation, certain State payments to local governments were funded through an annual issuance of general obligation tax and revenue anticipation notes (“TRANs”) that would mature in the same State fiscal year that they were issued. As part of the reform, LGAC was empowered to issue long-term obligations to fund the local payments, and was provided. with dedicated revenues equal to one cent of the State’s four cent sales and use tax in order to pay debt service on these bonds. Furthermore, the legislation eliminated all seasonal borrowing except in cases where the Governor and the legislative leaders have certified the need for additional seasonal borrowing, based on emergency or extraordinary factors, or factors unanticipated at the time of adoption of the budget, and provide a schedule for eliminating any seasonal borrowing over time. No restrictions were placed upon the State’s ability to issue TRANs (issued in one year and maturing in the following year). The State last issued TRANs in this manner in 1992.

Legislation enacted in 2013 created the Sales Tax Revenue Bond program. This bonding program replicates certain credit features of PIT and LGAC revenue bonds and is expected to continue to provide the State with increased efficiencies and a lower cost of borrowing.

Debt issuances totaling $8.2 billion are planned to finance capital project spending in FY 2024, an increase of $4.7 billion (136 percent) from FY 2023. The increase is largely attributable to the decision to delay two bond sales in FY 2023 totaling over $4 billion due to market volatility, which significantly lowered debt issuances in FY 2023. Bond issuances in FY 2024 will finance capital commitments for economic development and housing ($1.8 billion), education ($1.4 billion), the environment ($729 million), health and mental hygiene ($1.0 billion), State facilities and equipment ($482 million), and transportation ($2.7 billion).

Over the five-year capital plan, new debt issuances are projected to total $43.2 billion. New issuances are expected for economic development and housing ($9.7 billion), education facilities ($7.3 billion), the environment ($3.9 billion), mental hygiene and health care facilities ($5.5 billion), State facilities and equipment ($2.5 billion), and transportation infrastructure ($14.3 billion).

As previously stated, as of March 31, 2023, State-related debt outstanding totaled $55.9 billion equaled approximately 3.6 percent of New York personal income. The Debt Reform Act of 2000 limits the amount of new State-supported debt issued since April 1, 2000. Legislation included in the FY 2021 and FY 2022 Enacted Budgets authorized the exclusion of all State-supported debt issued in FY 2021 and FY 2022 from the calculation of the debt caps. The State Constitution provides that General Obligation Bonds, which can be paid without an appropriation, must be paid in equal annual principal installments or installments that result in substantially level or declining debt service payments, mature within 40 years after issuance, and begin to amortize not more than one year after the issuance of such bonds. However, general obligation housing bonds must be paid within 50 years after issuance, with principal commencing no more than three years after issuance. The Debt Reform Act of 2000 (“Debt Reform Act”) restricts the issuance of State-supported debt funding to capital purposes only and limits the maximum term of bonds to 30 years.

State Retirement Systems and Plan Amortization

The State and Local Retirement System (“NYSLRS” or the “System”) provides pension benefits to public employees of the State and its localities (except employees of New York City, and public school teachers and administrators, who are covered by separate public retirement systems). There were 2,977 public employers participating in the System, including the State, all cities and counties (except New York City), most towns, villages and school districts (with respect to non-teaching employees), and many public authorities. As of March 31, 2023, 695,504 persons were members of the System, and 514,629 pensioners or beneficiaries were receiving pension benefits. Article 5, section 7 of the State Constitution considers membership in any State pension or retirement system to be “a contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired.”

The System reports that the present value of anticipated benefits for current members, retirees, and beneficiaries increased to $333.1 billion. The funding method used by the System anticipates that the plan net position, plus future actuarially determined contributions, will be sufficient to pay for the anticipated benefits of current members, retirees and beneficiaries. The valuation used by the Retirement Systems Actuary was based on audited net position restricted for pension benefits as of March 31, 2023. Actuarially determined contributions are calculated using actuarial assets and the present value of anticipated benefits. A market restart was implemented to immediately recognize the market value of assets in the funding valuation. The determination of actuarial assets for the 2021 fiscal year suspended the utilization of a traditional smoothing method recognizing previous fiscal years’ unexpected gains and losses. Instead, the actuarial value of assets was set equal to the market value of assets. Actuarial assets increased from $214.1 billion on April 1, 2020, to $260.1 billion (the market value of assets) on April 1, 2021. As of April 1, 2023, actuarial assets were $269.6 billion, and the market value of assets was $249.5 billion.

The Enacted Budget authorized the State, as an amortizing employer, to prepay to NYSLRS the total amount of principal due for its annual amortization installment or installments for a given fiscal year prior to the expiration of a ten-year amortization period. Contributions to NYSLRS are provided by employers and employees. The total State payment (not including Judiciary since the Judiciary paid off its prior year amortization balance in FY 2022, eliminating its repayment obligation through FY 2026 and resulting in approximately $8.4 million in interest savings over the Financial Plan period) due to NYSLRS for fiscal year 2023 was approximately $1.833 billion. The State has opted not to amortize under the Contribution Stabilization Program and has paid the March 1, 2023, invoice in full. The estimated total State payment (not including Judiciary) due to NYSLRS for fiscal year 2024 is approximately $1.879 billion.

Under legislation enacted in August 2010, the State and local governments may amortize (defer paying) a portion of their annual pension costs. Amortization temporarily reduces the pension costs that must be paid by public employers in a given fiscal year but results in higher costs overall when repaid with interest.

The State and local governments are required to begin repayment on each new amortization in the fiscal year immediately following the year in which the amortization was initiated. The full amount of each amortization must be repaid within ten years at a fixed interest rate determined by OSC. Legislation included in the FY 2017 Enacted Budget authorized the State to prepay a portion of remaining principal associated with an amortization, and then pay a lower recalculated interest installment in any subsequent year for which the principal has been prepaid. This option does not allow the State to delay the original ten-year repayment schedule, nor does it allow for the interest rate initially applied to the amortization amount to be modified.

Litigation

The State is a defendant in certain court cases that could ultimately affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced Financial Plan. The State believes that the proposed Financial Plan includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with any potential adverse rulings. In addition, any potential amounts may be structured over a multi-year period. However, it is possible that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State could exceed the amount of all potential Financial Plan resources set aside for judgments, and consequently could negatively affect the State’s ability to maintain a balanced Financial Plan.

Public Authorities

For the purposes of this section, “authorities” refer to public benefit corporations or public authorities, created pursuant to State law, which are reported in the State’s Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself and they may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in legislative authorization. Certain of these authorities’ issue bonds under two of the three primary State credits - PIT Revenue Bonds and Sales Tax Revenue Bonds. The State’s access to the public credit markets through bond issuances constituting State-supported or State-related debt issuances by certain of its authorities could be impaired and the market price of the outstanding debt issued on its behalf may be materially and adversely affected if any of these authorities were to default on their respective State-supported or State-related debt issuances.

The State has numerous public authorities with various responsibilities, including those which finance, construct and/or operate revenue-producing public facilities. These entities generally pay their own operating expenses and debt service costs on their notes, bonds or other legislatively authorized financing structures from revenues generated by the projects they finance or operate, such as tolls charged for the use of highways, bridges or tunnels; charges for public power, electric and gas utility services; tuition and fees; rentals charged for housing units; and charges for occupancy at medical care facilities. Since the State has no actual or contingent liability for the payment of this type of public authority indebtedness, it is not classified as either State-supported debt or State-related debt. Some public authorities, however, receive monies from State appropriations to pay for the operating costs of certain programs.

There are statutory arrangements that, under certain circumstances, authorize State local assistance payments that have been appropriated in a given year and are otherwise payable to localities to be made instead to the issuing public authorities in order to secure the payment of debt service on their revenue bonds and notes. However, in honoring such statutory arrangements for the redirection of local assistance payments, the State has no constitutional or statutory obligation to provide assistance to localities beyond amounts that have been appropriated therefor in any given year.

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

In February 2024, MTA released its 2024 Adopted Budget and its Four-Year Financial Plan 2024–2027 (the “MTA Plan”) for itself and its affiliates and subsidiaries, which operate various rail, subway and bus services in the City and the surrounding area. The MTA Plan was prepared on the basis of data and projections available as of November 2023 and projected ending cash balances of $0 each year for 2023 through 2027.

The official financial disclosure of the MTA and its subsidiaries is available by contacting the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Finance Department, 2 Broadway, New York, New York 10004, or by visiting the MTA website at https://new.mta.info/.

New York City Economy

The fiscal demands on the State may be affected by the fiscal condition of New York City, which relies in part on State aid to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. It is also possible that the State’s finances may be affected by the ability of New York City, and its related issuers, to market securities successfully in the public credit markets. The official financial disclosure of the City of New York and its related issuers is available by contacting the City Office of Management and Budget, 255 Greenwich Street, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10007. The official financial disclosures of the City of New York and its related issuers can also be accessed through the EMMA system website at www.emma.msrb.org. The State assumes no liability or responsibility for any financial information reported by the City of New York.

The discussion that follows regarding the status of the City economy is based primarily on information published by OMB no later than April 24, 2024, and includes discussion of the January 2024 Financial Plan for fiscal years 2024–2028. All predictions and past performance information regarding the City economy contained in this subsection were made by OMB on or prior to that date, even though they may be stated in the present tense, and may no longer be accurate. All the risks to the national and State economies apply to the City economy. In conjunction with this summary of the City economy you should also review the “State Economy” subsection of this “Special Considerations Relating to New York” section of this SAI which presents DOB’s assessment of the national and State economy.

The likelihood of a recession is uncertain. The rate of inflation has declined according to certain measures, but remains above target levels set by relevant policymakers. The unbalanced labor market and the sluggish response of a subset of inflation components, such as housing and energy, have led the Fed to hold interest rates at a restrictive level. At the same time, the economy still faces an array of risks, including from the resumption of student loan payments and international conflicts, such as those in Ukraine and Israel. As a consequence, real GDP growth is expected to drop from 2.4 percent in 2023 to 1.5 percent in 2024, according to certain estimates.

New York City job growth in 2023 decelerated compared to 2022, as some industries contracted due to tight financial conditions. Elevated interest rates slowed residential market activity, and in the commercial office sector, continuing remote work arrangements contributed to subdued leasing activity and elevated vacancy rates, especially in older and lower-quality buildings. The tourism sector continued to steadily recover from slowdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Local economic conditions are expected to improve in 2024, as the Fed eases monetary conditions.

The New York City labor market has largely recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic. Total private employment in New York City has surpassed its pre-pandemic peak. New York City’s unemployment rate was 5.3 percent in November 2023, more than 16 percentage points below its pandemic high of 21.4 percent. The labor force participation rate has also recovered from pandemic lows, registering 62.7 percent in July and August 2023—a record high in data going back to 1976. While New York City’s labor force has grown as the public health situation improved, it is still approximately 128,000 below pre-pandemic levels.

The healthcare sector was adding jobs even before the pandemic. In the five years prior to the pandemic, about 37 percent of all new jobs in the City were in healthcare. Within the healthcare sector, the home healthcare component has added positions at a significant pace. However, healthcare growth is expected to slow in 2024.

In addition to the healthcare industry, the leisure and hospitality and construction sectors performed well in 2023. Both sectors, still below February 2020 levels, benefitted from local activity and demand approaching the levels recorded prior to the onset of the pandemic. As of November 2023, the leisure and hospitality sector added 13,000 jobs for the period from January 2023 through November 2023 (2.9 percent growth) and has recouped 92 percent of pandemic-related losses. It is expected to surpass pre-pandemic levels in the third quarter of 2024. Approximately 61.8 million people visited New York City in 2023, about 93 percent of 2019 levels. Boosted by tourism, hotel demand for the period from January 2023 through November 2023 was 90 percent of 2019 levels. Demand for entertainment has also approached pre-pandemic levels.

Construction employment has improved considerably in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022, adding 10,000 positions for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. As of November 2023, construction employment was just 3.9 percent below pre-pandemic levels (down 6,000 jobs). The construction sector is projected to grow by 1.6 percent in 2024 and recover all of its pandemic losses in the first half of 2025.

Changes in spending patterns, while benefitting some industries, has been a drag on the trade, transportation and utilities sector. While the sector added 13,000 positions in the first 11 months of 2022, it shed 15,000 positions over the same period in 2023. There was a downturn of the flow of goods in the region compared to 2022 levels. Port cargo volume was down 19.9 percent for the period from January 2023 through October 2023, while air cargo volume was down from year ago levels every month through July 2023. Overall, the trade, transportation and utilities sector is 67,000 jobs below pre-pandemic levels (down 10.5 percent). Trade, transportation and utilities employment is expected to improve in 2024, increasing at a rate of 1.6 percent and then continuing to grow in the out-years. However, the sector as a whole is not expected to return to pre-pandemic levels by 2028, the end of the forecast horizon.

In 2023, tight financial conditions weighed on the office-using industries (financial activities, professional and business services, and information), resulting in layoffs and a pullback in hiring. The financial activities sector, which returned to pre-pandemic levels in July 2022, lost 4,000 jobs for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. Job losses were concentrated in the finance and insurance subsector, which shed 6,000 positions during that period. The securities subsector, a component within finance & insurance, lost 6,000 positions during that period. The real estate subsector, which is still below pre-pandemic levels, was choppy in 2023, but has netted 2,000 jobs for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. As a whole, the financial activities sector is 7,000 jobs above February 2020 levels. Financial activities employment is forecasted to grow at a rate around one percent.

Professional and business services employment was volatile in 2023. Its largest subsector, professional, scientific and technical services, shed 4,000 positions for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. The subsector, which grew by over six percent from December 2021 to December 2022, cut jobs in 2023 as the economy slowed. The other major subsector, administrative services, was choppy over the year and netted 3,000 positions for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. Due to high interest rates and economic uncertainty, many employers pulled back on hiring temporary workers. Employment services, a component of administrative services dominated by temporary positions, shed 2,000 jobs for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. As a whole, the professional and business services sector lost 1,000 positions for the period from January 2023 through November 2023. However, employment is still 12,000 jobs above pre-pandemic levels. Professional and business services sector employment is expected to return to positive growth, increasing by 3.7 percent in 2024 and 1.5 percent in 2025.

Like other office-using sectors, the information sector was adversely affected by the elevated interest rates in 2023. Information employment accelerated over the course of the pandemic as the sector benefitted from loose financial conditions and a shift to remote work. In 2021 and 2022, the sector added 30,000 jobs, surpassing pre-pandemic levels in November 2021. In 2023, information employment contracted by 28,000 positions, eliminating almost all of the job gains from the previous two years. Many of these job losses can be attributed to a slowdown in the tech sector, which reduced employees in 2023 due to rising borrowing costs and over-hiring during the pandemic. As of November 2023, information sector employment is 18,000 positions below February 2020 levels. Information employment is expected to rebound in 2024, growing at a rate of 4.2 percent.

In the second quarter of 2023, aggregate wage earnings increased by 5.3 percent on a year-over-year basis (“YoY”). Of the nine private sectors, each saw a YoY increase in wage earnings in the second quarter, with the leisure & hospitality sector (up 13.1 percent YoY) and the education and health sector (up 9.6 percent YoY) growing the most. The annual total of private wage earnings is projected to expand between three and six percent annually. In the five years prior to the pandemic, growth in average hourly earnings typically outpaced inflation by 1.6 percentage points in the City. However, due to elevated price growth, the inflation rate has outpaced earnings growth every month but two since November 2021. In November 2023, New York City’s inflation rate was three percent, which outpaced the year-over-year growth of average hourly earnings (down 0.1 percent year YoY) by over three percentage points. New York City area inflation is expected to fall to 1.8 percent in 2024, as elevated interest rates quell price increases.

The residential real estate market is one of the sectors most sensitive to changes in interest rates. Consequently, the housing market abruptly shifted from the strongest post-2008 market to one of the weakest. In fact, the total number of homes sold in the City in the first three quarters of 2023 was the second lowest since 2009, behind only the same period in 2020. However, there is a far smaller inventory of homes available for sale today than in the wake of the global financial crisis. While lower supply typically leads to rising prices, higher borrowing costs and rapid price growth in 2021 and 2022 caused home affordability to fall, which has reduced demand. This combination of low supply and low demand has kept prices relatively stable.

Under normal conditions, low demand would lead to increasing inventories, as fewer home sales result in more unsold properties lingering on the market. However, the swift tightening of interest rates has dissuaded many homeowners from listing their properties due to their reluctance to relinquish low monthly mortgage costs for significantly higher ones. In New York City, the inventory of homes declined in 2022, albeit not to the record low levels observed in other parts of the country. Nonetheless, in September 2022 the number of new listings in the City—defined as the change in total inventory over the month plus the number of homes sold in the previous month—fell below pre-pandemic levels and has stayed below since. During the first eleven months of 2023, new listings in the City were 22 percent below the pre-pandemic average, ensuring the overall inventory of homes for sale remained low.

These unique market conditions have triggered a decline in home sales and a stagnation in prices. Compared with average quarterly figures from before the pandemic, home sales in the City were down for four consecutive quarters and were 18 percent below its pre-pandemic average in the third quarter. This slowdown has affected all segments of the housing market, though the market for single-family homes has borne the heaviest impact. In contrast, condo and co-op sales have experienced smaller declines compared with their pre-pandemic averages.

Average home prices in the City peaked in the second quarter of 2022, reaching nearly $1.3 million, following low rates and a robust economy that fueled demand for homes. As rates rose and the economy cooled, prices fell 10 percent over the following two quarters. Since then, prices regained five percent for the period from January 2023 through November 2023, but remained five percent below their peak. Despite some declines, New York City home prices managed to accrue a 27 percent increase between the third quarter of 2019 and the third quarter of 2023. This is far greater than the average four-year price gain of 18 percent seen in the third quarter prior

to the pandemic. Price growth has been broad-based, led by single-family home prices, which rose 29 percent over the past four years as of November 2023. Condo and co-op prices gained 21 percent and 20 percent, respectively, over the same period.

To the extent interest rates are cut, an increase in both the supply of and demand for homes is projected. Buyers and sellers who were reluctant to enter the market when rates were high will be more likely to do so once rates fall, leading to an influx of properties for sale and prospective buyers. As a result, the total volume of home sales is predicted to rise 13 percent in 2024 and another eight percent in 2025, before growing at a rate below three percent in the out-years. Prices are forecast to rise over six percent in 2024, and between three and five percent in the years following. Condo prices, the only segment of the market not to experience declines in 2023, are projected to rise five percent in 2024 and four percent in 2025. Single-family home prices, which fell nearly two percent in 2023, are expected to rise at least five percent over each of the next four years following 2023, while co-op prices will experience more modest gains of three to four percent.

Like the sales market, the rentals market in the City has grappled with persistently low inventories. Rental inventory dropped below the pre-pandemic average in August 2021 and has remained below ever since. However, unlike the sales market, the demand for rental units has remained strong due to the increased need for space driven by remote work and the impact of higher interest rates, which likely compelled many would-be homebuyers to continue renting. As a result, rents experienced a significant surge, achieving new record highs. Nevertheless, due to the disruptions to the rental market caused by COVID-19, year-over-year rent growth has gradually decelerated since May 2022, when it peaked at 25 percent YoY. This deceleration is expected to persist as the extraordinary rent hikes of 2021 and 2022 fade. Rents rose six percent in 2023 and are expected to slow to one percent in 2024 and two percent in 2025.

New York City building permit filings led to the authorization of 11,200 new residential units in 2023. This was markedly less than the 47,700 permits authorized in 2022, when there was a substantial issuance of permits in the months leading up to the expiration of the 421a tax exemption in June. For the period from January 2023 through November 2023, all five boroughs experienced a decline in permits compared to 2022. The Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens were the main drivers of new development, accounting for 83 percent of all new permits in 2023.

With remote work arrangements and concerns of a potential economic downturn leading to reduced in-office occupancy rates and causing tenants to downsize their office space, a record 94 million square feet of office space was vacant in November 2023. This amount of underutilized space, coupled with the housing shortage, provided an opportunity for property owners to repurpose their office buildings into residential ones. However, many impediments to conversion exist. These include differences in floorplate size and plumbing between office and residential buildings, and the need for a completely vacant office building before conversion can begin.

The need for conversions has grown as it has become evident that a widespread five-day-a-week return to the office is unlikely in the near future. This is especially true considering the unique circumstances that make New York City particularly susceptible to the persistence of remote work. Two primary factors contributing to this vulnerability are the significant proportion of office-using workers in the City and elevated home prices in the urban core relative to suburban areas. In 2022, office-using workers, composed of individuals employed in the information, finance, and professional and business services sectors, made up 33 percent of the City’s workforce, more than 10 percentage points higher than the national proportion of office-using workers. Thus, a reduction in leasing activity within these sectors would have an outsized effect in New York City compared to the rest of the country. As for home prices, it appears the shift to remote work allowed many individuals nationwide to relocate from central business districts to the suburbs in search of larger spaces and more affordable housing. This trend was present in Manhattan, where the average home price in 2022 was just above two million dollars—more than 2.3 times higher than the average price in the four outer boroughs. The migration to the suburbs and beyond has increased commute times, thereby making workers less inclined to embrace a full-time return to the office. These circumstances have resulted in a struggling office market, characterized by subdued leasing activity and elevated vacancy rates. This trend is especially true in older and lower-quality buildings, which often cannot be adapted for hybrid work and may not offer the amenities needed to persuade employees to return to the office. Across all building classes, leasing for the period from January 2023 through November 2023 experienced a steep decline of 33 percent compared to 2022 and 52 percent compared to 2019.

As the prevalence of remote work has reduced rent payments to office landlords, their revenue and the value of their buildings has declined. At the same time, the escalation of interest rates has substantially increased the cost associated with securing a mortgage. This combination of factors has made it harder for borrowers to manage their mortgage payments and to refinance their loans upon maturity. Consequently, a significant number of office mortgages have encountered difficulties, impacting both lenders and borrowers alike. The delinquency rate on commercial mortgage-backed securities linked to office buildings escalated to 6.08 percent in November 2023, which represents an increase of more than four percentage points from the beginning of 2023.

In addition to the nationwide increase in delinquencies, New York City witnessed several significant loan defaults in 2023. Many lenders have adopted alternative strategies to address delinquent loans. These approaches include loan restructuring and the “extend and pretend” approach, where lenders provide borrowers with short-term extensions on loans as if the building’s value has not declined. In the short-term, this is an effective approach to give borrowers more time to determine how to proceed. However, in the long-term, without a broad-based office market recovery or an alternative solution such as residential conversions, both borrowers and lenders will eventually need to contend with diminishing property values.

The country’s largest banks are attempting in many respects to navigate a potential crisis in the office market. Commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans held by the top 25 largest banks constituted only four percent of their total assets in the fourth quarter of 2022. Moreover, during the Fed’s stress test in 2022, which included specific scenarios involving CRE, all 23 tested banks indicated that they could withstand a global recession. Meanwhile, smaller banks with total assets under $160 billion are more exposed to CRE, with approximately 15 percent of their total assets linked to CRE loans. Though the risk of a CRE meltdown does exist, its potential to ignite a sector-wide crisis appears somewhat limited.

Unlike the City’s commercial office market, New York City’s tourism industry has been steadily recovering. The total number of visitors in 2022 reached 56.7 million. The City welcomed 61.8 million visitors in 2023 and is on track to surpass the 2019 pre-pandemic peak record of 66.6 million in 2025. The continued return of visitors, both domestic and international, is supporting the recovery across the various components of the City’s tourism industry.

Passenger arrivals at major airports in the New York metropolitan area have recovered from the pandemic decline as of Fall 2023. For the period from January 2023 through October 2023, the total number of air passengers reached 120.6 million, an increase of 2.3 percent over the 2019 total of 117.8 million for the same period. This recovery is primarily driven by domestic passengers, which saw a 6.5 percent increase from 74.5 million in 2019 to 79.4 million in 2023. However, international travel continues to lag in recovery.

The hotel industry generally is experiencing a rebound from the pandemic’s impact. The average hotel occupancy rate in November 2023 reached 84 percent, which is improvement compared to the November 2022 occupancy level of 79 percent. On an annual basis, occupancy rates are projected to reach 83 percent in 2024 before surpassing pre-pandemic levels in 2027. Room rates generally have recovered, with an average room rate of $288 for the period from January 2023 through November 2023, reflecting a 19.9 percent increase compared to the $240 average over the same period in 2019. On an annual average, hotel room rates are forecasted to reach $297 in 2024 and will remain near $300 in the out-years. Furthermore, restrictions on Airbnb rentals, which are intended to limit short-term rental supply, are expected to boost hotel revenue and demand.

Broadway’s attendance figures have shown signs of improvement as theatergoers return. Following an almost 18-month closure from the onset of the pandemic until July 2021, Broadway faced challenges in luring back audiences in 2021, which was marred by numerous COVID-related delays and cancellations. Broadway attendance was only 2.6 million in 2021, less than a fifth of the record setting 14.6 million attendees in 2019. However, 2022 and 2023 showed signs of recovery, with 11.3 million attendees in 2022 and 12.6 million in 2023. These figures account for 77.3 percent and 86.0 percent, respectively, of 2019 attendance. Gross revenue has made a more significant recovery, with $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion in 2022 and 2023, respectively, or 81.7 percent and 91.3 percent of 2019’s $1.8 billion gross.

Private employment in New York City has surpassed pre-pandemic levels, driven by the healthcare and leisure and hospitality sectors, the latter boosted by the robust recovery of the tourism industry. However, the pandemic’s lingering downstream effects are still encumbering office-using sectors, real estate, and the trade, transportation & utilities industries. Despite wage earnings growth, average inflation outpaced average hourly earnings through the first 11 months of 2023. The City’s labor market is expected to continue to grow in 2024, as are wages, with trajectories varying across sectors. Outside of the labor market, high interest rates and tight financial conditions continue to challenge the New York City real estate market, particularly residential property transactions. Home sales declined, prices stagnated, and remote work led to subdued activity in the commercial market. The forecast anticipates a potential rebound in the housing market, while commercial market activity will remain muted. New York City tourism continues to recover steadily and is expected to reach pre-pandemic levels in 2025.

The official financial disclosure of the City and the financing entities issuing debt on its behalf is available by contacting the City Office of Management and Budget, 255 Greenwich St., 8th Floor, New York, NY 10007.

New York City Financial Plan

In January 2024, the OMB released the January 2024 Financial Plan for fiscal years 2024-2028. On April 24, 2024, the Mayor’s office released the Executive Budget for fiscal year 2024 (the “Executive Budget”). The City’s fiscal year end is at the end of June; the 2024 fiscal year will run from July 1, 2024, to June 30, 2025. Projected revenues and expenditures for the 2025 fiscal year are balanced, in accordance with GAAP (except for the application of GASB Statement No. 49, which prescribes the accounting treatment of pollution remediation costs). The budget totals approximately $111.6 billion. However, the Executive Budget projects gaps of $5.5 billion, $5.5 billion, and $5.7 billion for fiscal years 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively. The Executive Budget estimates total revenues of approximately $114.1 billion for fiscal year 2024, $109.4 billion in 2025, $109.2 billion in 2026, $111.9 billion in 2027, and $114.2 billion in 2028. The Executive Budget’s projections for total expenditures for fiscal year 2024 is approximately $114.1 billion, $109.4 billion in 2025, $114.3 billion in 2026, $117.0 billion in 2027, and $120.2 billion in 2028.

New York City Financing Program

Successful execution of the City plan depends upon the City’s ability to market its securities successfully. The City financing program projects $65.7 billion of long-term borrowing for the period fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to support the current City capital program. The portion of the capital program not financed by the New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority (“NYW” or the “Authority”) will be split between General Obligation (“GO”) bonds of the City and Future Tax Secured (“FTS”) bonds of the New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“TFA”).

The City and TFA FTS expect to issue $27.3 billion and $28.4 billion, respectively, during the plan period. The City issuance supports 42 percent of the total, while TFA FTS issuance supports 43 percent of the total. NYW will issue approximately $9.9 billion. TFA does not expect to issue Building Aid Revenue Bonds (“BARBs”) for capital purposes during the plan period.

The City plan is predicated on numerous assumptions, including the condition of the City’s and the region’s economies and the associated receipt of economically sensitive tax revenues in the projected amounts. It is also subject to a variety of other factors.

In addition to borrowing related capital projects, the City issues both revenue and tax anticipation notes to finance its seasonal working capital requirements. The success of projected public sales of City, NYW, TFA, and other bonds and notes will be subject to prevailing market conditions. The City’s planned capital and operating expenditures are dependent upon the sale of its GO debt, as well as debt of the NYW, TFA and the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York.

Other Localities

Historically, the State has provided unrestricted financial assistance to cities, counties, towns, and villages outside of the City. Certain localities outside the City have experienced financial problems and have consequently requested and received additional State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. While a relatively infrequent practice, deficit financing by local governments has become more prevalent in recent years. Not included in the projections of the State’s receipts and disbursements for the State’s 2024 fiscal year or thereafter is the potential impact of any future requests by localities for additional financial assistance.

Like the State, localities must respond to changing political, economic and financial influences that can affect adversely their financial condition. For example, the State or federal government may decrease (or, potentially, eliminate) funding of local programs, therefore requiring localities to pay those expenditures using their own funds. Furthermore, prior cash flow problems for the State have caused delays in State aid payments, which in some instances have necessitated short-term borrowing at the local level. Additional factors that have had, or could have, an impact on the fiscal condition of localities include: the loss of temporary federal stimulus funding; recent State aid trends; constitutional and statutory limitations on the imposition by localities and school districts of property, sales, and other taxes; the economic ramifications of a pandemic; and for certain communities, the substantial upfront costs for rebuilding and clean-up after a natural disaster.

Localities may also face unanticipated problems resulting from certain pending litigation, judicial decisions and long-range economic trends. Other large-scale potential problems, such as declining urban populations, declines in the real property tax base, increasing pension, health care and other fixed costs, or the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs, may also adversely affect localities and necessitate requests for State assistance. Ultimately, localities as well as local public authorities may suffer serious financial difficulties that could jeopardize local access to public credit markets, which may adversely affect the marketability of notes and bonds issued by localities within the State.

Virginia

A substantial portion of the Fund's investments consists of debt obligations issued to obtain funds for or on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia (the “Commonwealth” or “Virginia”) and its local governments and other public authorities (“Virginia Issues”). For this reason, the Fund may be affected by political, economic, regulatory, or other developments that constrain the taxing, revenue collecting, and/or spending authority of Virginia issuers or otherwise affect the ability of Virginia issuers to pay interest, repay principal, or any premium. The following information constitutes only a brief summary of some of such developments and does not purport to be a complete description. This information is based on information available as of the date of this SAI and may not reflect recent developments.

Information regarding the financial condition of Virginia is ordinarily included in various public documents issued thereby, such as the official statements prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth, as well as other publicly available documents such as the Commonwealth’s biannual budget and the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Such information has not been independently verified by the Fund and the Fund assumes no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of such information. The summary below does not include all of the information pertaining to the budget, receipts and disbursements of the Commonwealth that would ordinarily be included in various public documents issued thereby, such as an official statement prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth.

Investors should be aware of certain factors that might affect the financial condition of issuers of Virginia Issues. Virginia Issues may include debt obligations of political subdivisions of the Commonwealth issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, bridges, highways, schools, streets, and water and sewer works. Other purposes for which bonds may be issued include the obtaining of funds to lend to public or private institutions for the construction of facilities such as educational, hospital, retirement, housing, and solid waste disposal facilities. Bonds issued for such private purposes are generally payable from private sources which, in varying degrees, may depend on local economic conditions, but are not necessarily affected by the ability of the Commonwealth of Virginia and its political subdivisions to pay their debts. Therefore, the general risk factors associated with Virginia and its political subdivisions discussed herein may not be relevant to certain of the Virginia Issues.

General Economic Conditions

The Commonwealth is divided into five distinct geographic regions. Approximately one-third of all land in Virginia is used for farming and other agricultural services. The variety of terrain, the location of the Commonwealth on the Atlantic Seaboard and the close proximity to the nation’s capital have had a significant influence on the development of the present economic structure of the Commonwealth.

The U.S. Census Bureau estimates Virginia’s population to be approximately 8.7 million as of July 1, 2023, approximately 2.6% of the United States total. Distributed throughout Virginia are smaller urban areas, most of which historically have been trade centers for the surrounding areas and continue to be so today. These communities have attracted many of the new manufacturing facilities locating in the Commonwealth in recent years. The remainder of the Commonwealth’s population lives in rural areas, including most of the towns and the remaining smaller cities.

Northern Virginia has long been characterized by the large number of people employed in both civilian and military work by the federal government. It is also one of the nation’s leading high-technology centers for computer software and telecommunications. In part because of its proximity to Washington, D.C., Virginia has a larger share of federal and military employees than most states. Over 10% of Virginia’s workers are federal employees or active military. As a result, cuts in federal spending and federal budget sequestration will likely have a larger adverse impact in Virginia compared to other states.

Virginia’s GDP in 2023 was $663.1 billion, ranking it 13th in the United States. In 2022, the largest industry in Virginia (based on GDP) was professional and business services, and the second largest was finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated per capita income of $72,855 in Virginia in 2023, ranking it 13th among states and greater than the national average of $68,531. The Commonwealth’s personal income grew by 6.0% during fiscal year 2023, compared to 3.4% in the prior fiscal year. The Commonwealth's 2023 personal income growth rate exceed the national growth rate of 5.2% during the same period.

Future growth prospects may also be tied to progress on federal fiscal matters, including tax reform and infrastructure spending. For Virginia, federal budget deliberations and sequestration caps have particular importance because of the importance of federal hiring and procurement to its economy.

Commonwealth Budget

The Budget Bill for the 2022-24 biennium that began on July 1, 2022, was signed into law on June 21, 2022 (the “2022 Appropriations Act”). The 2022 Appropriations Act estimated General Fund revenues and transfers of $53.2 billion and non-General Fund revenues of $97.6 billion for the two-year period, for total projected revenues of approximately $150.8 billion. The 2022 Appropriations Act allocated General Fund expenses of $59.7 billion and non-General Fund expenses of $103 billion, for total expenditures during the two-year period of approximately $162.7 billion. The Commonwealth’s budget is principally prepared on a cash basis.

The Budget Bill for the 2024-26 biennium that will begin on July 1, 2024, was signed into law on May 13, 2024 (the “2024 Appropriations Act”). The 2024 Appropriations Act estimates General Fund revenues and transfers of $62.9 billion and non-General Fund revenues of $122.4 billion for the two-year period, for total projected revenues of approximately $185.3 billion. The 2024 Appropriations Act projects total expenditures during the two-year period of approximately $188 billion.

General Fund Balance

The Constitution of Virginia requires a balanced budget and limits the ability of the Commonwealth to create debt. General Fund revenues are available for payment of debt service obligations of the Commonwealth. Each fiscal year starts on July 1 and ends on June 30.

Fiscal Year 2023

Fiscal year 2023 General Fund revenues were 2.7 percent, or $799.9 million, which is lower than fiscal year 2022 revenues. This revenue change resulted in part from an overall decrease in taxes collected of $1.9 billion, which was primarily attributable to the

decrease of realizations of capital gains reported within individual and fiduciary income taxes. This was offset by an increase in interest, dividends, and rents of $1.0 billion, which was attributable to overall market interest rates.

Fiscal year 2023 expenditures increased by 12.4 percent, or $3.1 billion, when compared to fiscal year 2022. While all expenditures categories increased during fiscal year 2023, the largest increases were primarily attributable to education and individual and family services expenditures of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. Net other financing sources and uses increased by $200.4 million, which were primarily due to higher transfers in from other funds and decreased transfers to other funds, coupled with issuances of long-term, subscription-based information technology arrangements (SBITAs) issued.

Fiscal Year 2022

Fiscal year 2022 General Fund revenues were 11.9 percent, or $3.1 billion, which is higher than fiscal year 2021 revenues. This revenue change resulted in part from increases of $3.7 billion, primarily attributable to individual and fiduciary income taxes ($2.4 billion), which was reduced by the Individual Income Tax Rebate of $1.0 billion, sales and use taxes ($629.7 million), corporation income taxes ($408.3 million), other revenue predominantly related to prior year expenditures refunded in the current fiscal year ($138.7 million), and premiums of insurance companies’ taxes ($56.7 million). This was offset by decreases of $614.6 million primarily attributable to interest, dividends, and rents ($512.9 million), tobacco master settlement ($37.7 million), deeds, contracts, wills, and suits taxes ($29.2 million), tobacco product taxes ($11.5 million), and communications sales and use taxes ($11.3 million).

Fiscal year 2022 expenditures increased by 9.4 percent, or $2.2 billion, when compared to fiscal year 2021. While all expenditures categories increased during fiscal year 2022, the largest increases were primarily attributable to education, general government and individual and family services expenditures of $1.3 billion, $333.9 million and $234.0 million, respectively. Net other financing sources and uses decreased by $124.1 million, which were primarily due to higher transfers out to nongeneral funds, offset by increases in transfers in from nongeneral funds and long-term leases issued.

Government-wide Financial Analysis

The primary government’s assets and deferred outflows of resources exceeded its liabilities and deferred inflows of resources by $45.5 billion during the 2023 fiscal year. The net position of the governmental activities increased by $2.8 billion. Business-type activities had an increase of $318.5 million.

The largest portion of the primary government’s net position reflects its investment in capital assets, less any related outstanding debt and deferred inflows of resources used to acquire those assets. These assets are recorded net of depreciation in the financial statements. The primary use of these capital assets is to provide services to citizens and therefore they are not available for future spending. Although the primary government’s investment in its capital assets is reported net of related debt, it should be noted that the resources needed to repay this debt must be provided from other sources, since the capital assets themselves cannot be used to liquidate these liabilities.

Approximately 47.5% of the primary government’s total revenue came from taxes in fiscal year 2023. While the primary government’s expenses cover many services, the largest expenses are for education and individual and family services. General revenues normally fund governmental activities. For fiscal year 2023, program and general revenues exceeded governmental expenses by $1.7 billion.

Indebtedness of the Commonwealth

The Commonwealth is prohibited from issuing general obligation bonds for operating purposes. At the end of fiscal year 2023, total debt was equal to $55.4 billion. This debt included total tax-supported debt of $22.6 billion and total debt not supported by taxes of $32.8 billion. As of June 30, 2023, bonds backed by the full faith and credit of the government and that are tax-supported totaled $1.1 billion. Debt is considered tax-supported if Commonwealth tax revenues are used or pledged for debt service payments. An additional $906.8 million is considered moral obligation debt which is not tax-supported. The Commonwealth has no direct or indirect pledge of tax revenues to fund reserve deficiencies. However, in some cases, the Commonwealth has made a moral obligation pledge to consider funding deficiencies in debt service reserves that may occur. The remainder of the Commonwealth’s debt represents bonds secured solely by specified revenue sources (i.e., revenue bonds). During fiscal year 2023, the Commonwealth issued $4.7 billion of new debt for various projects. Of this new debt, $1.6 billion was for the primary government and $3.1 billion for the component units.

Article X, Section 9 of Virginia’s Constitution provides for the issuance of debt by or on behalf of the Commonwealth. Sections 9(a), (b) and (c) provide for the issuance of debt to which the Commonwealth’s full faith and credit is pledged and Section 9(d) provides for the issuance of debt that is not secured by the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth, but which may be supported by and paid from Commonwealth tax collections subject to appropriations by the General Assembly. The Commonwealth may also enter into leases and contracts that are classified on its financial statements as long-term indebtedness. Certain authorities and institutions of the Commonwealth may also issue debt. In general, when the Commonwealth issues bonds to refund outstanding bonds issues pursuant to Section 9(b) or 9(c), the refunded bonds are considered paid for purposes of the constitutional limitations upon debt incurrence and issuance and the refunding bonds are counted in the computations of such limitations.

There are currently outstanding various types of 9(d) revenue bonds issued by authorities, political subdivisions and agencies to which the Commonwealth’s full faith and credit is not pledged. Certain of these bonds, however, are paid in part or in whole from revenues received as appropriations by the General Assembly from general tax revenues, while others are paid solely from revenues derived from enterprises related to the operation of the financed capital projects or other non-general fund revenues. As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding tax supported Section 9(d) bonds was $13.4 billion.

Tax Supported Debt - General Obligation Bonds

Tax-supported debt of the Commonwealth includes both general obligation debt and debt of agencies, institutions, boards and authorities for which debt service is expected to be made in whole or in part from appropriations of tax revenues.

Section 9(a) bonds, which may be issued to fund the defense of the Commonwealth, to meet casual deficits in revenue or in anticipation of the collection of revenues, or to redeem previous debt obligations, are limited to 30% of 1.15 times annual tax revenues on income and retail sales. As of June 30, 2023, the debt limit for the Section 9(a) general obligation bonds was $9.4 billion, but there were no Section 9(a) general obligation bonds outstanding.

Section 9(b) bonds, which are authorized by the General Assembly and approved by voters through bond referenda to finance capital projects, are limited to 1.15 times the average of selected tax revenues on income and retail sales for the three immediately preceding fiscal years. As of June 30, 2023, the debt limit for the Section 9(b) general obligation bonds was $29.4 billion, and outstanding Section 9(b) general obligation bonds was $346.2 million.

Section 9(c) bonds, which are issued to finance capital projects that will generate revenue upon their completion, are limited to 1.15 times the average of selected tax revenues for the three immediately preceding fiscal years. As of June 30, 2023, the debt limit for the Section 9(c) general obligation bonds was $28.7 billion, and outstanding Section 9(c) general obligation bonds was $950.1 million.

Leases and Contracts

The Commonwealth is involved in numerous agreements to lease buildings, energy efficiency projects, and equipment. These lease agreements are for various terms, and each lease contains a non-appropriation clause indicating that continuation of the lease is subject to funding by the General Assembly. Lease obligations (including principal and interest represent $604.1 million of the total outstanding debt of the Commonwealth as of June 30, 2023.

The Commonwealth finances the acquisition of certain personal property and equipment through installment purchase agreements. The length of the agreements and the interest rates charged vary. In most cases, these agreements contain non-appropriation clauses indicating that continuation of the installment purchase obligations is subject to funding by the General Assembly. Installment purchase obligations (including principal and interest) represent $313.8 million of the total outstanding debt of the Commonwealth as of June 30, 2023.

Moral Obligation Debt

The Virginia Housing Development Authority, the Virginia Resources Authority and the Virginia Public School Authority are authorized to issue bonds secured in part by a moral obligation pledge of the Commonwealth. All three are designed to be self-supporting from their individual loan programs. The Commonwealth may fund deficiencies that may occur in debt service reserves for moral obligation debt. By the terms of the applicable statutes, the Governor is obligated to include the amount necessary to restore any such reported debt in the proposed budget, but the General Assembly is not legally required to make any appropriation for such purpose. As of June 30, 2023, the Virginia Housing Development Authority and the Virginia Public School Authority did not have any outstanding bonds secured by the moral obligation pledge. As of June 30, 2023, the Virginia Resources Authority had approximately $906.8 million in outstanding moral obligation debt.

Other Debt

There are several authorities and institutions of the Commonwealth that issue debt for which debt service is not paid through appropriations of state tax revenues and for which there is no moral obligation pledge to consider funding debt service or reserve fund deficiencies. A portion of this debt is additionally secured by a biennial contingent appropriation in the event available funds are less than the amount required to pay debt service. As of June 30, 2023, the total amount of debt that falls into this category was $28.8 billion.

Capital Assets

The primary government’s investment in capital assets for its governmental and business-type activities as of June 30, 2023, was $40.1 billion (net of accumulated depreciation totaling $19.6 billion). This investment in capital assets includes land, buildings, improvements, equipment, infrastructure, construction-in-progress, and intangible assets including water rights, easements, and

software. Infrastructure assets are items that are normally immovable such as roads, bridges, drainage systems, and other similar assets. Increases in capital assets offset by increases in total liabilities and deferred inflows of resources resulted in an increase in net position of the governmental activities of $2.8 billion, or 7.1%. The increase in the primary government’s net investment in capital assets was primarily attributable to increases in infrastructure of $3.2 billion.

Ratings

As of May 2024, the general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth had a Standard & Poor’s rating of AAA, a Moody’s rating of Aaa, and a Fitch rating of AAA. There can be no assurance that the economic conditions on which these ratings are based will continue or that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic or political conditions. Further, the credit of the Commonwealth is not material to the ability of political subdivisions and private entities to make payments on the obligations described below.

Other Factors

The Commonwealth, its officials and employees are named as defendants in legal proceedings which occur in the normal course of governmental operations, some involving claims for substantial amounts. It is not possible to estimate the ultimate outcome or liability, if any, of the Commonwealth with respect to these lawsuits.

Although revenue obligations of the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions may be payable from a specific project or source, including lease rentals, there can be no assurance that future economic difficulties and the resulting impact on Commonwealth and local government finances will not adversely affect the market value of the portfolios of the Fund or the ability of the respective obligors to make timely payments of principal and interest on such obligations.

With respect to Virginia Issues that are backed by a letter of credit issued by a foreign or domestic bank, the ultimate source of payment is the bank. Investment in foreign banks may involve additional risks not present in domestic investments. These risks include the fact that a foreign bank may be subject to different, and in some cases less comprehensive, regulatory, accounting, financial reporting and disclosure standards than are domestic banks.

When Virginia Issues are insured by a municipal bond insurer, there are certain risks that the bond insurance policy typically does not cover. Also, the capitalization of the various municipal bond insurers is not uniform and may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the insurer. If a municipal bond insurer of Virginia Issues must make payments pursuant to a bond insurance policy, such payments could be limited by, among other things, such companies’ capitalization and insurance regulatory authorities.

The rights of the holders of the Virginia Issues and the enforceability of the Virginia Issues and the financing documents may be subject to (1) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights, in effect now or after the date of the issuance of Virginia Issues, and (2) principles of equity, whether considered at law or in equity.

Chapter 9 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, which applies to bankruptcies by municipalities, limits the filing for relief under that chapter to municipalities that have been specifically authorized to do so under applicable state law. Bonds payable exclusively by private entities may be subject to the other provisions of the United States Bankruptcy Code.

There are risks in any investment program, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Virginia Issues are subject to relative degrees of risk, including credit risk, market volatility, tax law change, and fluctuation of the return of the investment of the Virginia Issues’ proceeds. Credit risk relates to the issuer’s, pledgor’s, contributor’s, grantor’s, credit enhancer’s and/or guarantor’s ability to make timely payments of principal and interest and any premium. Furthermore, in revenue bond financings, the bonds may be payable exclusively from moneys derived from the fees, rents and other charges collected from the bond-financed project. Payment of principal, interest and any premium on the bonds by the issuer of Virginia Issues that are revenue bonds may be adversely affected if the collection of fees, rents and charges from the project is diminished. Market volatility relates to the changes in market price that occur as a result of variations in the level of prevailing interest rates and yield relationships between sectors in the tax-exempt securities market and other market factors. Also, the Fund will be affected by general changes in interest rates, which will result in increases or decreases in the value of the securities held by the Fund.

The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives is dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of Virginia Issues in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal, interest, and premium when due.

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions

The Adviser, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, and subject to the general control of the Board, places all orders for the purchase and sale of Fund securities. Purchases of Fund securities are made either directly from the issuer or from dealers who deal in tax-exempt

securities. The Adviser may sell Fund securities prior to maturity if circumstances warrant and if it believes such disposition is advisable. In connection with portfolio transactions for the Trust, the Adviser seeks to obtain the best available net price and most favorable execution for its orders.

The Adviser has no agreement or commitment to place transactions with any broker-dealer and no regular formula is used to allocate orders to any broker-dealer. However, the Adviser may place security orders with brokers or dealers who furnish research and brokerage services to the Adviser subject to obtaining the best overall terms available. Payment for such services would be generated through underwriting concessions from purchases of new issue fixed-income securities. Such research and brokerage services may include, for example: advice concerning the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or the purchasers or sellers of securities; analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and performance of accounts; and various functions incidental to effecting securities transactions, such as clearance and settlement. These research services may also include access to research on third party databases, such as historical data on companies, financial statements, earnings history and estimates, and corporate releases; real-time quotes and financial news; research on specific fixed-income securities; research on international market news and securities; and rating services on companies and industries. Thus, the Adviser may be able to supplement its own information and to consider the views and information of other research organizations in arriving at its investment decisions. If such information is received and it is in fact useful to the Adviser, it may tend to reduce the Adviser’s costs.

The Adviser continuously reviews the performance of the broker-dealers with whom it places orders for transactions. In evaluating the performance of the brokers and dealers, the Adviser considers whether the broker-dealer has generally provided the Adviser with the best overall terms available, which includes obtaining the best available price and most favorable execution. The receipt of research from broker-dealers that execute transactions on behalf of the Trust may be useful to the Adviser in rendering investment management services to other clients (including affiliates of the Adviser), and conversely, such research provided by broker-dealers that have executed transaction orders on behalf of other clients may be useful to the Adviser in carrying out its obligations to the Trust. While such research is available to and may be used by the Adviser in providing investment advice to all its clients (including affiliates of the Adviser), not all of such research may be used by the Adviser for the benefit of the Trust. Such research and services will be in addition to and not in lieu of research and services provided by the Adviser, and the expenses of the Adviser will not necessarily be reduced by the receipt of such supplemental research. See The Trust’s Adviser and Other Service Providers.

Securities of the same issuer may be purchased, held, or sold at the same time by the Trust for any or all of its Funds, or other accounts or companies for which the Adviser acts as the investment adviser (including affiliates of the Adviser). On occasions when the Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Trust, as well as the Adviser’s other clients, the Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate such securities to be sold or purchased for the Trust with those to be sold or purchased for other customers in order to obtain best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Adviser in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all such customers, including the Trust. In some instances, this procedure may affect the price and size of the position obtainable for the Trust. The tax-exempt securities market is typically a “dealer” market in which investment dealers buy and sell bonds for their own accounts, rather than for customers, and although the price may reflect a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down, the Trust pays no brokerage commissions as such. In addition, some securities may be purchased directly from issuers.

During the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, each Fund did not direct brokerage transactions to obtain research, analysis, advice, and similar services.

Portfolio Turnover

The portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the dollar amount of securities purchased or sold (whichever is smaller) by the average value of securities owned during the year.

The rate of portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor when the Adviser deems changes in the Funds' portfolio appropriate in view of its investment objective. For example, securities may be sold in anticipation of a rise in interest rates (market decline) or purchased in anticipation of a decline in interest rates (market rise) and later sold. In addition, a security may be sold and another security of comparable quality may be purchased at approximately the same time in order to take advantage of what the Fund believes to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. These yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates, such as changes in the overall demand for or supply of various types of tax-exempt securities. Each Fund may purchase or sell securities solely to achieve short-term trading profits. These activities may increase the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund, which may result in the Fund incurring higher brokerage costs and realizing more taxable gains than would otherwise be the case in the absence of such activities.

For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Funds' portfolio turnover rates were as follows:

Fund	2024	2023
Victory California Bond Fund	2%	19%
Victory New York Bond Fund	4%	15%
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	5%	14%

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds' fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

Fund History and Description of Shares

Under the Master Trust Agreement, the Board is authorized to create new portfolios in addition to those already existing without shareholder approval. The Trust is permitted to offer additional funds or classes of shares. Each class of shares of a Fund is a separate share class of that Fund and is not a separate mutual fund.

The Funds are series of the Trust and are diversified. The Funds formerly were series of Victory Tax Exempt Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation, which began offering shares of the California Bond Fund in August 1989, and the New York Bond Fund and the Virginia Bond Fund in October 1990, and were reorganized into the Trust in August 2006. Each Fund offers three classes of shares, identified as Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and Class A (formerly, Adviser Shares).

Each Fund’s assets and all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, are specifically allocated solely to such Fund. They constitute the underlying assets of such Fund, are required to be segregated on the books of account, and are to be charged with the expenses of such Fund. The assets of each Fund are charged with the liabilities and expenses attributable to such Fund, except that liabilities and expenses may be allocated to a particular class. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular Fund are allocated on the basis of the Fund's relative net assets during the fiscal year or in such other manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable.

Shares of each class of a Fund represent an equal proportionate interest in that Fund with every other share of that class and are entitled to dividends and other distributions out of the net income and realized net capital gains belonging to that Fund when declared by the Board. They generally will have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications and terms and conditions, except that: (a) each has a different designation; (b) each class of shares bears its “Class Expenses”; (c) each has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement; (d) each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class; (e) each class may have separate exchange privileges; and (f) each class may have different conversion features. Expenses currently designated as “Class Expenses” by the Board under the Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act include: legal, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxies to current shareholders of a specific class; blue sky fees incurred by a specific class of shares; transfer agency expenses relating to a specific class of shares; expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class of shares; litigation expenses or other legal expenses relating to a specific class of shares; shareholder servicing expenses identified as being attributable to a specific class; and such other expenses actually incurred in a different amount by a class or related to a class’s receipt of services of a different kind or to a different degree than another class. In addition, each class of a Fund may pay a different advisory fee to the extent that any difference in amount paid is the result of the application of the same performance fee provisions in the advisory contract with respect to the Fund to the different investment performance of each class of the Fund. Upon liquidation of a Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to such Fund available for distribution. However, due to the differing expenses of the classes, dividends, and liquidation proceeds on the different classes of shares will differ.

Under the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement, no annual or regular meeting of shareholders is required. Thus, there ordinarily will be no shareholder meeting unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Under certain circumstances, however, shareholders may apply to the Trustees for shareholder information in order to obtain signatures to request a shareholder meeting. The Trust may fill vacancies on the Board or appoint new Trustees if the result is that at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by shareholders. Moreover, pursuant to the Master Trust Agreement, any Trustee may be removed by the vote of two-thirds of the outstanding Trust shares, and holders of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Trust can require Trustees to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Trustees. The Trust will assist in communicating to other shareholders about the meeting. On any matter submitted to the shareholders, the holder of any share class of the Fund is entitled to one vote per share (with proportionate voting for fractional shares) regardless of the relative NAVs of the Fund’s share classes. However, on matters affecting an individual Fund, a separate vote of the shareholders of that Fund is required. Shareholders of a Fund are not entitled to vote on any matter that does not affect that Fund but which requires a separate vote of another Fund.

Shares do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trust’s Board, and the holders of less than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees will not be able to elect any person as a Trustee.

Shareholders of a particular Fund might have the power to elect all of the Trustees if that Fund has a majority of the assets of the Trust. When issued, each Fund’s shares are fully paid and nonassessable, have no pre-emptive or subscription rights, and are fully transferable. The Fund's conversion rights are as follows:

Converting from Institutional Shares to Fund Shares: If you no longer meet the eligibility requirements to invest in Institutional Shares of a Fund (e.g., you terminate participation in a discretionary managed account program), we may convert your Institutional Shares of the Fund to Fund Shares. The Fund will notify you before any such conversion to Fund Shares occurs.

Converting from Class A Shares to Fund Shares or Institutional Shares: If you hold Class A shares of a Fund through an account maintained with another financial institution and subsequently transfer your shares into (i) an account established directly with the Fund, (ii) your investment account, or (iii) an eligible advisory program with a financial intermediary, we may convert your Class A shares of the Fund to Fund Shares or Institutional Shares, as applicable.

Other Conversions: The Fund also may provide for other conversion privileges from time to time under which a shareholder of the Fund may convert shares into another class of shares of the same Fund under certain circumstances, subject to approval by the Fund’s officers.

Pricing: When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class of a Fund for shares of another class of the same Fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in a Fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs per share of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same Fund is a non-taxable event.

Conversions are not subject to the Funds' restrictions on short-term trading activity discussed under Funds' Right to Reject Purchase and Exchange Orders and Limit Trading in Accounts in this SAI.

Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations

Taxation of the Funds

Each Fund, which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes, intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). If a Fund so qualifies, it will not be liable for federal income tax on its taxable net investment income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders.

To continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must, among other things, (1) derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in stock, securities, or such currencies, and (b) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (or “QPTP”) (i.e., a publicly traded partnership that is treated as a partnership for federal tax purposes, satisfies certain requirements with respect to the sources of its income, and derives less than 90% of its gross income from the items described in clause (a) (a QPTP) (“income requirement”); (2) distribute at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally consisting of net investment income, the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions) and 90% of its net exempt interest income for the taxable year (“distribution requirement”); and (3) satisfy certain diversification requirements at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year (“diversification requirement”). Furthermore, for a Fund to pay “exempt-interest dividends” (defined in the Fund's prospectus), at least 50% of the value of its total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year must consist of obligations the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax under Code section 103(a). Each Fund intends to continue to satisfy these requirements.

If a Fund failed to qualify for RIC treatment for any taxable year either (1) by failing to satisfy the distribution requirement, even if it satisfied the income requirement and diversification requirements (collectively, “Other Qualification Requirements”), or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements and was unable to, or determined not to, avail itself of Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Qualification Requirements as long as the failure “is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect” and the RIC pays a tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements, then for federal income tax purposes it would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders. In addition, for those purposes all those distributions, including distributions of exempt-interest dividends and net capital gain, would be taxable to its shareholders as dividends (i.e., ordinary income) to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. For individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual shareholder”), those dividends would be eligible to be taxed as “qualified dividend income” (“QDI”), which is subject to federal income tax at the lower rates for net capital gain (see below). In the case of corporate shareholders that meet certain holding period and other requirements regarding their shares of the Fund, all or part of those dividends would be eligible for the

dividends-received deduction. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.

The Code imposes a 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) on a RIC that fails to distribute during a calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary (taxable) income for that year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12-month period ending on October 31 of that year, plus (3) any prior undistributed taxable income and gains. Each Fund intends to continue to make distributions necessary to avoid imposition of the Excise Tax. However, a Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make those distributions, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.

For federal income tax purposes, debt securities purchased by a Fund, including zero coupon bonds, may be treated as having original issue discount (“OID”) (generally, the excess of the stated redemption price at maturity of a debt obligation over its issue price). OID is treated for those purposes as income earned by a Fund as it accrues, whether or not any payment is actually received, and therefore is subject to the distribution requirements mentioned above. Accrued OID with respect to tax-exempt obligations generally will be excluded from a Fund’s taxable income, although that discount will be included in its gross income for purposes of the income requirement and will be added to the adjusted tax basis in those obligations for purposes of determining gain or loss upon sale or at maturity. Generally, the accrual amount of OID is determined on the basis of a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the compounding of accrued interest.

A Fund may purchase debt securities at a market discount. A market discount exists when a security is purchased at a price less than its original issue price adjusted for accrued OID, if any. Each Fund intends to defer recognition of accrued market discount on a security until maturity or other disposition of the security. For a security purchased at a market discount, the gain realized on disposition will be treated as taxable ordinary income to the extent of accrued market discount on the security.

A Fund also may purchase debt securities at a premium (i.e., at a purchase price in excess of face amount). The premium on tax-exempt securities must be amortized to the maturity date, but no deduction is allowed for the premium amortization. For taxable securities, the premium may be amortized if a Fund so elects. The amortized premium on taxable securities is first offset against interest received on the securities and then allowed as a deduction and generally must be amortized under an economic accrual method. The amortized bond premium on a security will reduce a Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the security.

The use of hedging strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Fund realizes. Gains from options and futures a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities will be treated as qualifying income under the income requirement.

Certain futures contracts and “non-equity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index)—excluding any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement in which a Fund invests—will be subject to section 1256 of the Code (collectively, “section 1256 contracts”). Any section 1256 contracts a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year generally must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the distribution requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them and to increase the net capital gain a Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.

Taxation of the Shareholders

Each Fund expects to qualify to pay “exempt-interest dividends,” as defined in the Code. To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, a Fund must, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, have at least 50% of the value of its total assets invested in municipal securities, the interest on which is excluded from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code. In purchasing municipal securities, the Funds intend to rely on opinions of nationally recognized bond counsel for each issue as to the excludability of interest on such obligations from gross income for federal income tax purposes. No Fund will undertake independent investigations concerning the tax-exempt status of such obligations, nor does any Fund guarantee or represent that bond counsels’ opinions are correct.

If a Fund satisfies the applicable requirements, dividends paid by the fund that are attributable to tax exempt interest on municipal securities and reported in a written statement by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders may be treated by shareholders as items of interest excludable from their gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code. The recipient of tax-exempt income is required to report such income on his federal income tax return. However, a shareholder is advised to consult his tax advisor with respect to whether exempt-interest dividends retain the exclusion under Section 103(a) if such shareholder would be treated as

a “substantial user” or “related person” thereof under Section 147(a) with respect to any of the tax-exempt obligations held by a fund. The Code provides that interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry shares of a fund is not deductible to the extent it is deemed related to the fund’s exempt-interest dividends. Pursuant to published guidelines, the IRS may deem indebtedness to have been incurred for the purpose of purchasing or carrying shares of the funds even though the borrowed money may not be directly traceable to the purchase of shares.

Although all or a substantial portion of the dividends paid by a Fund may be excluded by the fund’s shareholders from their gross income for federal income tax purposes, a Fund may purchase specified private activity bonds, the interest from which (including the Fund’s distributions attributable to such interest) may be a preference item for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax on individuals.

Shareholders who are recipients of Social Security or railroad retirement benefits should be aware that exempt-interest dividends received from a Fund are includable in their “modified adjusted gross income” for purposes of determining the amount of those benefits, if any, that are required to be included in their gross income.

If a Fund invests in any instruments that generate taxable income (such as market discount bonds, as described above, options, futures, other derivatives, securities of investment companies that pay distributions other than exempt-interest dividends, or otherwise under the circumstances described in the Funds' prospectus and this SAI) or engages in securities lending, the portion of any dividend the Fund pays that is attributable to the income earned on those instruments or from such lending will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of its earnings and profits (and will not qualify for the 15% and 20% maximum federal income tax rates on certain dividends applicable to individual shareholders), and only the remaining portion will qualify as an exempt-interest dividend. Moreover, if a Fund realizes capital gain as a result of market transactions, any distributions of the gain will be taxable to its individual shareholders at those rates to the extent they are attributable to net capital gain. Interest paid on a bond issued after December 31, 2017, to advance refund another bond is subject to federal income tax.

All distributions of investment income during a year will have the same percentage designated as tax-exempt. This method is called the “average annual method.” Since the Funds invests primarily in tax-exempt securities, the percentage will be substantially the same as the amount actually earned during any particular distribution period.

Taxable distributions generally are included in a shareholder’s gross income for the taxable year in which they are received. However, dividends and other distributions declared in October, November, or December and made payable to shareholders of record in such a month are deemed to have been received on December 31, if they are paid during the following January.

Any gain or loss a shareholder realizes on the redemption or exchange of shares of a Fund, or on receipt of a distribution in complete liquidation of a Fund, generally will be a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term or short-term, depending on the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. Any such gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that he or she has held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% or 20% maximum federal income tax rates mentioned above. Any loss realized on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced (including shares acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after disposition of the shares; in such a case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss a shareholder realizes on a disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net capital gain the shareholder received with respect to such shares.

If a shareholder receives an exempt-interest dividend with respect to any Fund share held for six months or less, any loss on the redemption or exchange of that share will be disallowed to the extent of the amount of that dividend. Similarly, if a shareholder of a Fund receives a distribution of net capital gain and redeems or exchanges the Fund’s shares before he or she has held them for more than six months, any loss on the redemption or exchange (not otherwise disallowed as attributable to an exempt-interest dividend) will be treated as long-term capital loss.

A Fund may invest in private activity bonds (“PABs”). Except as noted in the following sentence, interest on certain PABs is a tax preference item (a “Tax Preference Item”) for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), although that interest continues to be excludable from federal gross income. Bonds issued during 2009 and 2010, including refunding bonds issued during that period to refund bonds issued after 2003 and before 2009, will not be PABs and the interest thereon thus will not be a Tax Preference Item. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the possible application of the AMT to their tax situation.

Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by a shareholder to purchase or carry Fund shares is not deductible for federal income tax purposes. Entities or persons who are “substantial users” (or persons related to “substantial users”) of facilities financed by PABs should consult their tax advisers before purchasing Fund shares because, for users of certain of these facilities, the interest on PABs is not exempt from federal income tax. For these purposes, “substantial user” is defined to include a “non-exempt person” who regularly uses in a trade or business a part of a facility financed from the proceeds of PABs.

Opinions relating to the validity of tax-exempt securities and the excludability of interest thereon from gross income for federal income tax purposes are rendered by recognized bond counsel to the issuers. Neither the Adviser’s nor the Funds' counsel makes any review of the basis for such opinions.

In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS the basis information for Fund shares purchased after December 31, 2011, (“Covered Shares”) that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. In addition, each Fund will indicate whether the lot has been adjusted for a wash sale. The requirement to report only the gross proceeds from a redemption or exchange of Fund shares will continue to apply to all non-Covered Shares.

Distributions of net capital gain, if any, designated as capital gains dividends are taxable to a shareholder as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund shares. A distribution of an amount in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a shareholder as a return of capital, which is applied against and reduces the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, the excess will be treated by the shareholder as gain from a sale or exchange of the shares. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income.

A Fund may elect to retain its net capital gain or a portion thereof for investment and be taxed at corporate rates on the amount retained In such case, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who will be treated as if each received a distribution of his pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will (i) be required to report his pro rata share of such gain on his tax return as long-term capital gain, (ii) receive a refundable tax credit for his pro rata share of tax paid by the Fund on the gain and (iii) increase the tax basis for his shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.

For federal income tax purposes, net capital losses incurred by the Fund in a particular taxable year can be carried forward to offset net capital gains in any subsequent year until such loss carryforwards have been fully used, and such capital losses carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. To the extent subsequent net capital gains are offset by such losses, they would not result in federal income tax liability to the Fund and would not be distributed as such to shareholders.

The following table summarizes the capital loss carryforwards not subject to expiration for the Fund as of February 29, 2024.

Fund	Short-Term Amount ($000s)	Long-Term Amount ($000s)
Victory California Bond Fund	($4,868)	($12,827)
Victory New York Bond Fund	($2,493)	($3,769)
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	($2,222)	($12,931)

Shareholders will receive information about the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.

* * * * *

The foregoing discussion of certain federal tax considerations affecting each Fund and its shareholders is only a summary and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of Fund shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in shares, including under federal, state, local, and other tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on current applicable provisions of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority, and administrative interpretations published by the date hereof; changes in any applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, possibly retroactively, and such changes often occur.

Virginia Tax Considerations

As a regulated investment company, the Victory Virginia Bond Fund may distribute dividends (Virginia exempt-interest dividends) and capital gains (Virginia exempt-capital gains) that are exempt from the Virginia income tax to its shareholders if (1) at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations, the interest on which is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes and (2) the Fund satisfies certain Virginia reporting requirements. The Fund intends to qualify and report under the above requirement so that it can distribute Virginia exempt-interest dividends and Virginia exempt-capital gains. If the Fund fails to so qualify or report, no part of its dividends or capital gains will be exempt from the Virginia income tax.

The portion of dividends constituting Virginia exempt-interest dividends is that portion derived from obligations of Virginia or its political subdivisions or instrumentalities or derived from obligations of the United States which pay interest excludable from Virginia taxable income under the laws of the United States. Dividends (1) paid by the Fund, (2) excluded from gross income for federal income

tax purposes, and (3) derived from interest on obligations of certain territories and possessions of the United States (those issued by Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands or Guam) also will be exempt from the Virginia income tax.

Capital gains of distributions will be Virginia exempt-capital gains to the extent derived from long-term capital gains from the sale or exchange by the Funds of obligations of the Commonwealth, any political subdivision or instrumentality of the Commonwealth, or the United States.

To the extent any portion of the dividends distributed to the shareholders by the Victory Virginia Bond Fund is derived from taxable interest for Virginia purposes or, as a general rule, net short-term gains, such portion will be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income. Capital gains distributions, except to the extent attributable to Virginia exempt-capital gains, generally will be taxable as long-term capital gains to shareholders regardless of how long the shareholders have held their shares. Generally, interest on indebtedness incurred by shareholders to purchase or carry shares of the Fund will not be deductible for Virginia income tax purposes.

The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important Virginia income tax considerations generally affecting the Victory Virginia Bond Fund and its shareholders, and does not address any Virginia taxes other than income taxes. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the Virginia income tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful planning. Accordingly, potential investors in the Fund should consult their tax advisers with respect to the application of Virginia taxes to the receipt of the Fund’s dividends and other distributions and as to their own Virginia tax situation.

Management of the Trust

The Board consists of seven Trustees who supervise the business affairs of the Trust. The Board is responsible for the general oversight of the Fund's business and for assuring that the Funds are managed in the best interests of each Fund's shareholders. The Board periodically reviews the Fund's investment performance as well as the quality of other services provided to the Funds and its shareholders by each of the Fund's service providers, including Victory Capital and its affiliates.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board is comprised of a super-majority (80% or more) of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Funds (the “Independent Trustees”) and one Trustee who is an “interested person” of the Funds (the “Interested Trustee”). Prior to July 2, 2021, Mr. Dan McNamara was deemed an “interested person” due to his previous position as Director of AMCO, the former investment adviser of the Funds. Effective July 2, 2021, Mr. McNamara became an Independent Trustee to the Funds. Mr. David Brown is deemed an “interested person” due to his position as Chief Executive Officer of Victory Capital, investment adviser to the Funds. Mr. Jefferson Boyce is the Chairman of the Board and presides at meetings of the Trustees and may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary. The Chairman participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also acts as a liaison with the Funds' management, officers, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified in this SAI or pursuant to the Trust’s Master Trust Agreement or By-laws, or as assigned by the Board, the designation of a Trustee as Chairman does not impose on that Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on any other Trustee, generally. The Chairman may call meetings of the Board and any Board committee whenever he deems it necessary and presides at meetings of the Trustees. The Chairman participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. In addition, the Chairman will coordinate activities performed by the Independent Trustees as a group and will serve as the main liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Funds' management and officers between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. The Board has designated a number of standing committees as further described below, each of which has a chairman. The Board also may designate working groups or ad hoc committees as it deems appropriate.

The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees or working groups of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. The Board considers leadership by an Independent Trustee as Chairman to be integral to promoting effective independent oversight of the Fund's operations and meaningful representation of the shareholders’ interests, given the number of funds offered by the Trust and the amount of assets that these funds represent. The Board also believes that having a super-majority of Independent Trustees is appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund's shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board also believes that having an interested person serve on the Board brings corporate and financial viewpoints that are, in the Board’s view, important elements in its decision-making process. In addition, the Board believes that the Interested Trustee provides the Board with the Adviser’s perspective in managing and sponsoring the Funds. The leadership structure of the Board may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Trust.

Board Oversight of Risk Management

As a series of a registered investment company, the Funds are subject to a variety of risks, including investment risks (such as, among others, market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk), financial risks (such as, among others, settlement risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk), compliance risks, and operational risks. The Trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the Funds. The Trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the Funds to various groups, including but not limited to, portfolio management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and various committees discussed herein. These groups provide the Trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The Trustees also oversee risk management for the Funds through regular interactions with the Fund's external auditors and periodic presentations from the Adviser.

The Board also participates in the Fund's risk oversight, in part, through the Fund's compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: portfolio management, trading practices, code of ethics, and protection of non-public information, accuracy of disclosures, safeguarding of fund assets, recordkeeping, marketing, fees, privacy, anti-money laundering, business continuity, valuation and pricing of funds shares, processing of fund shares, affiliated transactions, fund governance, and market timing. The Board also receives periodic updates regarding cybersecurity matters. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals, operational risk management, and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the Funds. The Fund's chief compliance officer provides an annual compliance report and other compliance related briefings to the Board in writing and in person.

Victory Capital seeks to identify for the Board the risks that it believes may affect the Funds and develop processes and controls regarding such risks. However, risk management is a complex and dynamic undertaking and it is not always possible to comprehensively identify and/or mitigate all such risks at all times since risks are at times impacted by external events. In discharging its oversight responsibilities, the Board considers risk management issues throughout the year with the assistance of its various committees as described below. Each committee presents reports to the Board after its meeting, which may prompt further discussion of issues concerning the oversight of the Fund's risk management. The Board as a whole also reviews written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues as needed and may discuss particular risks that are not addressed in the committee process.

Among other committees, the Board has established an Audit and Compliance Committee, which is composed solely of Independent Trustees and oversees management of financial risks and controls. The Audit and Compliance Committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the Funds and the Board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Although the Audit and Compliance Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the Board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.

Trustees and Officers

Set forth below are the Independent Trustees and the Interested Trustee, and each of their respective offices and principal occupations during the last five years, length of time served, information relating to any other directorships held, and the specific roles and experience of each Board member that factor into the determination that the Trustee should serve on the Board. Under the Trust’s organizational documents, each Trustee serves as a Trustee of the Trust during the lifetime of the Trust and until its termination except as such Trustee sooner dies, resigns, retires, or is removed. However, pursuant to a policy adopted by the Board, each elected or appointed Independent Trustee may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75, and the Interested Trustee may serve as a Trustee until the Trustee reaches age 75. The Board may change or grant exceptions from this policy at any time without shareholder approval. A Trustee may resign, or may be removed by a written instrument signed by two-thirds of the number of Trustees before the removal, or may be removed by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust, at any time. Vacancies on the Board can be filled by the action of a majority of the Trustees, provided that after filling such vacancy at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by the shareholders. The mailing address of the Trustees is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78256.

Independent Trustees

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Funds	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee	Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Jefferson C. Boyce (September 1957)	Independent Chair	January 2021 September 2013	Retired.	45	Westhab, Inc., New York Theological Seminary, American Filtration Corp.

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Funds	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee	Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Dawn M. Hawley (February 1954)	Trustee	April 2014	Retired.	45	None
Daniel S. McNamara (June 1966)	Trustee	January 2012	President of Financial Advice & Solutions Group (FASG), USAA (02/13-03/21); Director of USAA Investment Services Company (ISCO) (formerly USAA Investment Management Company) (09/09- 03/21); Chairman of Board of ISCO (04/13-12/20); Senior Vice President of USAA Financial Planning Services Insurance Agency, Inc. (FPS) (04/11-03/21); Director and Vice Chairman of FPS (12/13-03/21); President and Director of USAA Investment Corporation (ICORP) (03/10-03/21); Chairman of Board of ICORP (12/13-03/21); Director of USAA Financial Advisors, Inc. (FAI) (12/13-03/21); Chairman of Board of FAI (3/15-03/21).	45	None
Richard Y. Newton, III (January 1956)	Trustee	March 2017	Director, Elta North America (01/18-08/19), which is a global leader in the design, manufacture, and support of innovative electronic systems in the ground, maritime, airborne, and security domains for the nation’s warfighters, security personnel, and first responders; Managing Partner, Pioneer Partnership Development Group (12/15-present).	45	Terran Orbital Corp., American Made Filtration Corp.

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Funds	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee	Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D. (March 1964)	Trustee	January 2008	Senior Associate Dean of Degree programs at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/13-present); Associate Professor of Finance at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/01- 07/21); Professor of Finance at Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University (07/21-present).	45	None
John C. Walters (February 1962)	Trustee	July 2019	Retired.	45	Guardian Variable Products Trust (16 series)

Interested Trustee

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee	Other Directorships Held During the Past Five Years
David C. Brown (May 1972)	Trustee	July 2019	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (2013-present), Victory Capital Management Inc.; Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (2013- present), Victory Capital Holdings, Inc.; Director, Victory Capital Services, Inc. (2013- present); Director, Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (2019-present).	45 portfolios within the Trust; 37 portfolios within the Victory Portfolios, 30 series within the Victory Portfolios II, and 6 series within the Victory Variable Insurance Funds	None

Trustee Qualifications

The Board believes that all the Trustees bring to the Board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives, board members, and leaders of diverse companies, academic institutions, and community and other organizations. The Board also believes that the different perspectives, viewpoints, professional experience, education, and individual qualities of each Trustee represent a diversity of experiences and a variety of complementary skills. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Funds, the Board considers a wide variety of information about the Trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the Board's decision. However, there are no specific required qualifications for Board membership. Each Trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the Funds and its shareholders because each Trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the Board. The Board also considers the individual experience of each Trustee and determines that the Trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the Board. The business experience and objective thinking of the Trustees are considered invaluable assets for Victory Capital and, ultimately, the Fund's shareholders.

The following summarizes the experience and qualifications of the Trustees.

• Jefferson C. Boyce. Mr. Boyce brings to the Board experience in financial investment management, and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in organizational development, marketing, product development, and money management as well as over 11 years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

• David C. Brown. Mr. Brown brings to the Board extensive business, finance and leadership skills gained and developed through years of experience in the financial services industry, including his tenure overseeing the strategic direction as CEO of Victory Capital. These skills, combined with Mr. Brown's extensive knowledge of the financial services industry and demonstrated success in the development and distribution of investment strategies and products, enable him to provide valuable insights to the Board and strategic direction for the Funds.

• Dawn M. Hawley. Ms. Hawley brings to the Board experience in financial investment management and, in particular, institutional and retail mutual funds, variable annuity products, broker dealers, and retirement programs, including experience in financial planning, budgeting, accounting practices, and asset/liability management functions including major acquisitions and mergers, as well as over 10 years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

• Daniel S. McNamara. Mr. McNamara brings to the Board extensive experience in the financial services industry, including experience as an officer of the Trust, as well as over 12 years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

• Richard Y. Newton, III. Lt. Gen. Newton brings to the Board extensive management and military experience, as well as over seven years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

• Barbara B. Ostdiek. Dr. Ostdiek brings to the Board particular experience with financial investment management, education, and research as well as over 16 years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

• John C. Walters. Mr. Walters brings significant Board experience including active involvement with the board of a Fortune 500 company, and a proven record of leading large, complex financial organizations. He has a demonstrated record of success in distribution, manufacturing, investment brokerage, and investment management in both the retail and institutional investment businesses. He has substantial experience in the investment management business with a demonstrated ability to develop and drive strategy while managing operational, financial, and investment risk as well as over five years’ experience as a Board member of Victory Portfolios III.

Committees of the Board

• The Board typically conducts regular meetings five or six times a year to review the operations of the Funds in Victory Portfolios III. A portion of these meetings is devoted to various committee meetings of the Board, which focus on particular matters. In addition, the Board may hold special meetings by telephone or in person to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. The Board has four committees: Audit and Compliance Committee, Product Management and Distribution Committee, Corporate Governance Committee, and Investments Committee. The duties of these four Committees and their membership are as follows:

• Audit and Compliance Committee: The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Board of Trustees reviews the financial information and the independent auditor’s reports and undertakes certain studies and analyses as directed by the Board. The Audit and Compliance Committee has responsibility for the review of the Trust’s compliance program and the performance of the Trust’s chief compliance officer, as well as responsibility for certain additional compliance matters. The Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised of all Independent Trustees, with Ms. Hawley serving as the chair of the Committee.

• Product Management and Distribution Committee: The Product Management and Distribution Committee of the Board reviews the Funds offered by the Trust and the respective investment objectives and policies, as well as the Adviser’s selection of subadvisers; oversees the distribution and marketing of the Funds; and assists the Board in overseeing certain third-party service providers and related matters. The Product Management and Distribution Committee provides oversight with respect to the sale and distribution of shares of the Funds, including payments made by the Funds pursuant to the Trust’s 12b-1 Plan. The Product Management and Distribution Committee is comprised of all Trustees, with Mr. Walters serving as the chair of the Committee.

• Corporate Governance Committee: The Corporate Governance Committee of the Board maintains oversight of the organization, performance, and effectiveness of the Board and the Independent Trustees. The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for maintaining a policy on Board tenure and term limitations for the Independent Trustees, establishing procedures to identify and recruit potential candidates for Board membership, and recommending candidates to fill any vacancy for Independent Trustees on the Board. The Corporate Governance Committee has adopted procedures to consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Richard Newton, chair of the Corporate Governance Committee. To be considered by the Board, any recommendations for a nomination submitted by a shareholder must include at least the following information: name; date of birth; contact information; education; business profession and other expertise; affiliations; experience relating to serving on the Board; and references. The Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of all Independent Trustees, with Mr. Newton serving as the chair of the Committee.

• Investments Committee: The Investments Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities overseeing, among other things: the investment programs implemented by Victory Capital and/or, if applicable, the investment subadviser(s) for the Funds; the performance and portfolio composition of the Funds; and the valuation and liquidity of each Fund’s assets. In addition, the Investments Committee coordinates the Board’s consideration of investment advisory and underwriting agreements pursuant to Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act. The Investments Committee is comprised of all Trustees, with Dr. Ostdiek serving as the chair of the Committee.

During the Funds’ most recent fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the Board held meetings five times. The Audit and Compliance Committee held four meetings; the Product Management and Distribution Committee held four meetings; the Corporate Governance Committee held four meetings; and the Investments Committee held four meetings.

There are no family relationships among the Trustees, officers, and managerial level employees of the Trust.

Officers of the Trust

The officers of the Trust are elected by the Board to actively supervise the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The officers of the Trust, their date of birth, the length of time served, and their principal occupations during the past five years are detailed in the following table. Each officer serves until the earlier of his or her resignation, removal, retirement, death, or the election of a successor. The mailing address of each officer of the Trust is 15935 La Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, Texas 78256. The officers of the Trust receive no compensation directly from the Trust for performing the duties of their offices.

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years
Thomas Dusenberry (July 1977)	President	May 2022*	Director, Fund Administration, the Adviser; Victory Capital Management Inc. (May 2023-present); Manager, Fund Administration, the Adviser; Victory Capital Management Inc. (2022-April 2023); Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer (2020-2022), Assistant Treasurer (2019), Salient MF Trust, Salient Midstream, MLP Fund, and Forward Funds; Principal Financial Officer (2018-2021) and Treasurer (2020-2021), Salient Private Access Funds and Endowment PMF Funds; Senior Vice President of Fund Accounting and Operations, Salient Partners (2020-2022); Director of Fund Operations, Salient Partners (2016-2019). Mr. Dusenberry also serves as President of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Scott Stahorsky (July 1969)	Vice President	July 2019	Director, Third-Party Dealer Services & Reg Administration, Fund Administration, the Adviser (5/1/2023-present); Vice President, Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (4/20/23-present); Manager, Fund Administration, the Adviser (2015-4/30/23). Mr. Stahorsky also serves as Vice President of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Patricia McClain (September 1962)	Secretary	June 2024	Director, Regulatory Administration, Fund Administration, the Adviser (July 2019-present). Ms. McClain also serves as Secretary of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Allan Shaer, (March 1965)	Treasurer	July 2019*	Senior Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (since 2016). Mr. Shaer also serves as the Funds’ Principal Financial and Accounting Officer. Mr. Shaer also serves as Treasurer of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Christopher Ponte, (March 1984)	Assistant Treasurer	May 2023	Director, Fund and Broker Dealer Finance, Fund Administration, (5/1/23-present); Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (May 2023-present); Manager, Fund Administration, the Adviser (2017-2023); Chief Financial Officer, Victory Capital Services, Inc. (since 2018). Mr. Ponte also serves as Assistant Treasurer of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Carol D. Trevino (October 1965)	Assistant Treasurer	September 2018	Director, Financial Reporting, Fund Administration (5/1/23-present); Director, Accounting and Finance, the Adviser (7/1/19-4/30/23). Ms. Trevino also serves as Assistant Treasurer of Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.
Michael Bryan (December 1962)	Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Identity Theft Officer	May 2023	Vice President, CCO Compliance Support Services, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (2008-present). Mr. Bryan also serves as the Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Identity Theft Officer for Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.

Name and Date of Birth	Position(s) Held with Fund	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) Held During the Past Five Years
Sean Fox (September 1976)	Chief Compliance Officer	June 2022	Deputy Chief Compliance Officer (July 2021-June 2022), Senior Compliance Officer, the Adviser (2019-present); Compliance Officer, the Adviser (2015-2019). Mr. Fox also serves as Chief Compliance Officer for Victory Portfolios, Victory Portfolios II, and Victory Variable Insurance Funds.

* Effective June 12, 2024, Mr. Dusenberry resigned as Secretary and accepted the position of President. Effective on May 1, 2023, Mr. Shaer resigned as Assistant Treasurer and accepted the position of Treasurer.

Trustees’ Fund Ownership

The following tables set forth the dollar range of total equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustees of the Funds listed in this SAI and in all of the Victory Funds overseen by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2023. As of May 31, 2024, the officers and Trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned beneficially or of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.

Independent Trustees

Trustee	Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership of Fund Shares	Aggregate Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership of Shares of All Series of the Victory Portfolios III Complex
Jefferson C. Boyce	Victory New York Bond Fund: $10,001-$50,000	$50,001-$100,000
Dawn M. Hawley	None	Over $100,000
Daniel S. McNamara	None	Over $100,000
Richard Y. Newton III	None	None
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.	None	Over $100,000
John C. Walters	None	Over $100,000

Interested Trustee

Trustee	Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership of Fund Shares	Aggregate Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership of Shares of All Series of the Victory Portfolios III Complex
David C. Brown	None	None

Compensation

The following tables set forth information describing the compensation of the current Trustees of the Trust for their services as Trustees for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024. As of February 29, 2024, the Victory Portfolios III consisted of one registered investment company offering 45 individual funds. The Trust does not maintain a retirement plan for its Trustees.

Independent Trustees

Trustee	Aggregate Compensation from the Funds	Aggregate Compensation from the Trust
Jefferson C. Boyce	$23,917	$358,750
Dawn M. Hawley	$20,633	$309,500
Daniel S. McNamara	$19,579	$293,685
Richard Y. Newton, III	$19,750	$296,250
Barbara B. Ostdiek, Ph.D.	$20,350	$305,250
John C. Walters	$20,350	$305,250

Interested Trustee

Trustee	Aggregate Compensation from the Funds	Aggregate Compensation from the Trust
David C. Brown*	None	None

Mr. Brown is an "Interested Person" by reason of his relationship with the Adviser.

Control Persons and Principal Shareholders

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company, who acknowledges the existence of control, or by whom the Fund acknowledges control. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of a Fund. Since the economic benefit of investing in a Fund is passed through to the underlying investors of the record owners of 25% or more of the Fund shares, these record owners are not considered the beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares or control persons of the Fund.

Control Persons

As of May 31, 2024, there were no control persons of the Fund.

Principal Shareholders

As of May 31, 2024, the following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the share class and Fund indicated in the table below. “Record” ownership means the shareholder of record, or the exact name of the shareholder on the account, i.e., “ABC Brokerage, Inc.” “Beneficial” ownership refers to the actual pecuniary, or financial, interest in the security, i.e., “Jane Doe Shareholder.”

Fund - Class	Name and Address of Owner	Percentage Owned of Record
VICTORY CALIFORNIA BOND FUND	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	26.11%
VICTORY CALIFORNIA BOND FUND CL A	MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC 2000 WESTCHESTER AVE LD PURCHASE NY 10577-2530	80.08%
	MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH ATTN: COMPENSATION TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484	15.04%
VICTORY CALIFORNIA BOND FUND INST SHARES	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	37.68%
	PERSHING LLC ONE PERSHING PLAZA PRODUCT SUPPORT, 14TH FLOOR JERSEY CITY NJ 07399	36.57%
	RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. 880 CARILLON PARKWAY SAINT PETERSBURG FL 33733-2749	7.06%
	UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. C/O CENTRAL DEPOSIT/MUTUAL FUNDS 1000 HARBOR BLVD 7TH FL A/C YY011410610 WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6727	5.88%
VICTORY NEW YORK BOND FUND	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	22.89%

Fund - Class	Name and Address of Owner	Percentage Owned of Record
VICTORY NEW YORK BOND FUND CL A	MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH ATTN: COMPENSATION TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484	100.00%
VICTORY NEW YORK BOND FUND INST SHARES	UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. C/O CENTRAL DEPOSIT/MUTUAL FUNDS 1000 HARBOR BLVD 7TH FL A/C YY011410610 WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6727	73.82%
	RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. 880 CARILLON PARKWAY SAINT PETERSBURG FL 33733-2749	11.23%
	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	7.34%
VICTORY VIRGINIA BOND FUND	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	27.04%
	NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC NEWPORT OFFICE CENTER III 5TH FLOOR 499 WASHINGTON BOULEVARD JERSEY CITY NJ 07310	5.42%
VICTORY VIRGINIA BOND FUND CL A	NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC NEWPORT OFFICE CENTER III 5TH FLOOR 499 WASHINGTON BOULEVARD JERSEY CITY NJ 07310	78.71%
	LPL FINANCIAL CORPORATION 75 STATE STREET, 24TH FLOOR BOSTON MA 02109	14.69%
	MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH ATTN: COMPENSATION TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484	5.87%
VICTORY VIRGINIA BOND FUND INST SHARES	CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. 211 MAIN STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105	71.30%
	MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH ATTN: COMPENSATION TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484	9.95%

The Trust’s Adviser and Other Service Providers

Investment Adviser

Victory Capital, a New York corporation registered as an investment adviser with the SEC, serves as investment adviser to the Funds. Victory Capital’s principal business address is 15935 La Cantera Pkwy, San Antonio, Texas 78256. Victory Capital is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. (“VCH”) a publicly traded Delaware corporation. As of May 31, 2024, Victory Capital managed assets totaling in excess of $168.5 billion for numerous clients including large corporate and public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley plans, foundations and endowments, high net worth individuals and mutual funds. Effective July 1, 2019, VCH acquired AMCO from its parent company and Victory Capital became the adviser to the Funds.

Subject to the authority of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. Victory Capital is responsible for selecting each Fund’s investments according to the Fund’s investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Victory Capital is a diversified global asset manager comprised of multiple investment teams, referred to as investment franchises, each of which utilizes an independent approach to investing. The Advisory Agreement also authorizes Victory Capital to retain one or more Subadvisers for the management of all or a portion of a Fund’s investment. Under the Advisory Agreement, the

Adviser is responsible for monitoring the services furnished pursuant to the Subadvisory Agreements and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the retention or replacement of Subadvisers and renewal of Subadvisory Agreements.

Advisory Agreement

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser provides an investment program, carries out the investment policy, and manages the portfolio assets for each Fund. The Adviser is authorized, subject to the control of the Board of the Trust, to determine the selection, amount, and time to buy or sell securities for each Fund.

For these services under this agreement, each Fund has agreed to pay the Adviser a fee computed as described under Organization and Management of the Fund in the prospectus. Management fees are computed and accrued daily and are payable monthly. The Adviser compensates all personnel, officers, and Trustees of the Trust if such persons are also employees of the Adviser or its affiliates.

The management fee is based upon two components: (1) a base investment management fee, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, computed at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Fund and (2) a performance adjustment that will add to or subtract from the base investment management fee depending upon the performance over the performance period of the relevant share class relative to the relevant Lipper Index. Each Fund’s performance will be compared to the Lipper Index as listed below:

Fund	Lipper Index
Victory California Bond Fund	California Municipal Debt Funds Index
Victory New York Bond Fund	New York Municipal Debt Funds Index
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	Virginia Municipal Debt Funds Index

The Funds offer multiple classes of shares, and the performance adjustment is determined on a class-by-class basis. In some circumstances, Victory Capital has agreed to waive certain expenses of a Fund, the impact of which may be to increase the performance of a Fund. Any corresponding increase in the performance of a Fund may contribute to a positive performance adjustment.

Except for the services and facilities provided by the Adviser, the Funds pays all other expenses incurred in its operations. Expenses for which the Funds are responsible include taxes (if any); brokerage commissions on portfolio transactions (if any); expenses of issuance and redemption of shares; charges of transfer agents, custodians, and dividend disbursing agents; cost of preparing and distributing proxy material and all other expenses incidental to holding meetings of shareholders, including proxy solicitations therefor, unless otherwise required; auditing and legal expenses; certain expenses of registering and qualifying shares for sale; fees of Trustees who are not interested persons (not affiliated) of the Adviser; administrator, custodian, pricing and bookkeeping, registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses; fees and expenses related to the registration and qualification of the Funds’ shares for distribution under state and federal securities laws; expenses of typesetting for printing prospectuses and SAIs and supplements thereto expenses of printing and mailing these sent to existing shareholders; (xi) insurance premiums for fidelity bonds and other coverage to the extent approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; (xii) association membership dues authorized by the Trust’s Board of Trustees; and (xiii) such non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the Trust is a party (or to which the Funds’ assets are subject) and any legal obligation for which the Trust may have to provide indemnification to the Trust’s Trustees and officers.

The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Funds in connection with the performance of the services pursuant thereto, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Adviser of its duties and obligations thereunder.

The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2024, for each Fund and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter for each Fund as long as it is approved at least annually (i) by a vote of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined by the 1940 Act) or by the Board (on behalf of the Fund), and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Adviser or (otherwise than as Trustees) of the Trust cast, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by either the Trust or Victory Capital on 60 days’ written notice and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined by the 1940 Act).

For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Fund paid advisory fees to Victory Capital as follows:

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory California Bond Fund	$1,822,950	$1,884,954	$2,286,980
Victory New York Bond Fund	$551,640	$630,408	$807,932

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	$1,959,822	$1,845,116	$2,332,186

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds’ fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursements

The Adviser has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding certain items such as acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, capitalized expenses, and other extraordinary expenses) do not exceed a certain amount for each Fund through at least June 30, 2025. The Adviser is permitted to recoup any reimbursed expenses for up to three years after the date of the waiver or reimbursement took place, subject to the lesser of any operating expense limits in effect at the time of: (a) the original expense reimbursement; or (b) the recoupment, after giving effect to the recoupment amount. This agreement may only be terminated by the Funds’ Board of Trustees.

From time to time, the Adviser may, without prior notice to shareholders, waive all or any portion of fees or agree to reimburse expenses incurred by the Fund. For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Victory Capital reimbursed the Fund as follows:

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory California Bond Fund	$23,574	$20,581	$1,572
Victory New York Bond Fund	$88,841	$67,342	$4,769
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	$69,315	$55,628	$17,260

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds’ fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Victory Capital recouped management fees previously waived and/or reimbursed in the amounts listed in the table below.

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory California Bond Fund	$758	$5,379	$-
Victory New York Bond Fund	$-	$45	$-
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	$-	$3,071	$-

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds’ fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

Computing the Performance Adjustment

For any month, the base investment management fee of each Fund will equal the Fund’s average daily net assets for that month multiplied by the annual base investment management fee rate for the Fund, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the month and the denominator of which is 365 (366 in leap years). The Investment Advisory Agreement with Victory Capital permits calculation and application of the performance adjustment (1) on a class-by-class basis or (2) by designating a single share class of a Fund for purposes to calculate the performance adjustment, and then applying the same performance adjustment to each other class of shares of the Fund. The performance adjustment is currently calculated separately for each share class on a monthly basis and is added to or subtracted from the base investment management fee depending upon the performance over the performance period of the respective share class relative to the performance of the Fund's relevant Lipper Index. The methodology for calculating the performance adjustment may change in the future, as approved by the Board of the Trust and consistent with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement.

The performance period for each Fund consists of the current month plus the previous 35 months (or the number of months since the date of the investment advisory agreement, if shorter). The annual performance adjustment rate is multiplied by the average daily net assets of the Fund over the performance period, which is then multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the month and the denominator of which is 365 (366 in leap years). The resulting amount is then added to (in the case of overperformance) or subtracted from (in the case of underperformance) the base investment management fee as referenced in the chart below:

Over/Under Performance Relative to Index (in basis points) 1	Annual Adjustment Rate (in basis points as a percentage of a Fund’s average daily net assets)
+/- 20 to 50	+/– 4
+/– 51 to 100	+/– 5
+/– 101 and greater	+/– 6

1 Based on the difference between the average annual performance of the relevant share class of the Fund and its relevant Lipper index, rounded to the nearest basis point. The performance adjustment rate included in the investment advisory fee may differ from the maximum over/under Annual Adjustment Rate due to differences in average net assets for the reporting period and rolling 36-month performance period.

The investment performance of the Fund Shares, Institutional Shares, and Class A shares is measured by comparing the beginning and ending redeemable value of an investment in the Fund during the measurement period, assuming the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions during the period. Lipper uses this same methodology when it measures the investment performance of the component mutual funds within the respective Lipper Index. Because the adjustment to the base investment management fee is based upon the share class performance compared to the investment record of its Lipper Index, the controlling factor as to whether a performance adjustment will be made is not whether the share class performance is up or down per se, but whether it is up or down more or less than the record of its Lipper Index. Moreover, the comparative investment performance of the share class is based solely on the relevant performance period without regard to the cumulative performance over a longer or shorter period of time.

Administration, Servicing, and Accounting Agreement

Under a Fund Administration, Servicing, and Accounting Agreement effective July 1, 2019 (“Administration Agreement”), Victory Capital is obligated on a continuous basis to provide such administrative services as the Board reasonably deems necessary for the proper administration of the Funds. Victory Capital may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. Citi Fund Services of Ohio, Inc. (“Citi”) serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Trust pursuant to an agreement with Victory Capital, as disclosed in greater detail under “Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant.” As administrator, Victory Capital supervises the Trust’s operations, including the services that Citi provides to the Funds as sub-administrator, but excluding those that Victory Capital provides as investment adviser, all subject to the supervision of the Board.

Victory Capital coordinates the preparation, filing, and distribution of amendments to the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A, supplements to prospectuses and SAIs, and proxy materials in connection with shareholder meetings; drafts shareholder communications, including annual and semi annual reports; administers the Trust’s other service provider contracts; monitors compliance with investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, each Fund’s investment objective, defined investment policies, and restrictions, tax diversification, and distribution and income requirements; coordinates the Funds’ service arrangements with financial institutions that make the Funds’ shares available to their customers; assists with regulatory compliance; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; prepares Board meeting materials; and annually determines whether the services that it provides (or the services that Citi provides as sub-administrator) are adequate and complete.

Victory Capital also performs fund accounting services for each Fund. In addition, the Funds may reimburse Victory Capital for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing the services and certain other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds under the Administration Agreement.

The Administration Agreement provides that Victory Capital shall not be liable for any action or inaction, except for any action or inaction constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, or negligence in the performance of its duties hereunder or the reckless disregard of such duties.

For these services under the Administration Agreement, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate equal to fifteen one-hundredths of one percent (0.15%) for the Fund Shares and Class A shares of the average daily net assets of the Fund. With respect to the Institutional Shares, the Trust has agreed to pay Victory Capital a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to one-tenth of one percent (0.10%) of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Fund paid administration and servicing fees to Victory Capital as follows:

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory California Bond Fund Shares	$754,063	$749,449	$986,347
Victory California Bond Fund Institutional Shares	$1,849	$1,099	$671
Victory California Bond Fund Class A	$778	$782	$2,516
Victory New York Bond Fund Shares	$193,069	$201,721	$307,069

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory New York Bond Fund Institutional Shares	$12,105	$19,563	$8,326
Victory New York Bond Fund Class A	$639	$1,658	$2,974
Victory Virginia Bond Fund Shares	$750,886	$776,071	$1,058,461
Victory Virginia Bond Fund Institutional Shares	$26,795	$15,843	$12,803
Victory Virginia Bond Fund Class A	$17,259	$19,577	$28,280

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds’ fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

Sub-Administrator and Sub-Fund Accountant

Citi serves as sub-administrator and sub-fund accountant to the Funds pursuant to a Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement dated October 1, 2015, as amended, by and between Victory Capital and Citi. Citi assists in supervising all operations of the Funds (other than those performed by Victory Capital either as investment adviser or administrator), subject to the supervision of the Board.

Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, for the sub-administration services that Citi renders to the Funds, other series of the Trust, and the series of Victory Portfolios (“VP”), Victory Portfolios II (“VPII”), and Victory Variable Insurance Funds (“VVIF”), Victory Capital pays Citi a fee for providing these services. Citi may periodically waive all or a portion of the amount of its fee that is allocated to any Fund in order to increase the net income of the Funds available for distribution to shareholders. In addition, the Trust, VP, VPII, and VVIF reimburse Victory Capital and Citi for all of its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing these services and certain other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement.

The Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement provides that Citi shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from bad faith, willful misfeasance, negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.

Under the Sub-Administration and Sub-Fund Accounting Agreement, Citi calculates Trust expenses and makes disbursements; calculates capital gain and distribution information; registers the Funds’ shares with the states; prepares shareholder reports and reports to the SEC on Forms N-CEN, N-PORT, and N-CSR; coordinates dividend payments; calculates the Funds’ performance information; files the Trust’s tax returns; supplies individuals to serve as Trust officers; monitors the Funds’ status as regulated investment companies under the Code; assists in developing portfolio compliance procedures; reports to the Board amounts paid under shareholder service agreements; assists with regulatory compliance; obtains, maintains and files fidelity bonds and Trustees’ and officers’/errors and omissions insurance policies for the Trust; and assists in the annual audit of the Funds.

Custodian

Citibank, N.A., 388 Greenwich St., New York, New York 10013, is the custodian for the Funds. The custodian is responsible for, among other things, safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, processing the pricing of each Fund’s securities, and collecting interest on the Funds’ investments. In addition, assets of the Funds may be held by certain foreign subcustodians and foreign securities depositories as agents of the custodian in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the SEC.

Transfer Agent

Victory Capital Transfer Agency, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), 15935 La Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, Texas 78256, an affiliate of the Adviser, performs transfer agent services for the Trust under a Transfer Agency Agreement. Services include maintenance of shareholder account records, handling of communications with shareholders, distribution of Fund dividends, and production of reports with respect to account activity for shareholders and the Trust.

For its services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Fund Shares pays the Transfer Agent an annual fee of $25.50 per account, while the Institutional Shares and Class A shares pay the Transfer Agent a fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to one-tenth of one percent (0.10%) of the average daily net assets per account. These fees are subject to change at any time.

In addition to these fees, the Transfer Agent also is entitled to reimbursement from the Trust for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, charges and other disbursements incurred by it in connection with the performance of services under the Transfer Agency Agreement, including but not limited to: (1) the cost of any and all forms, statements, labels, envelopes, checks, tax forms, and other printed materials which is required by the Transfer Agent to perform its duties; (2) delivery charges, including postage incurred in delivering materials to, and receiving them from, the Trust and shareholders; (3) communication charges; (4) maintenance of shareholder records (including charges for retention and imaging); (5) tax reporting systems; (6) counsel fees; and (7) cash and asset management services.

The fee paid to the Transfer Agent includes processing of all transactions and correspondence. Fees are billed on a monthly basis at the rate of one-twelfth of the annual fee. Each Fund pays all out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent and other expenses specifically allocated to the Funds that are incurred at the specific direction of the Trust. Fees paid under the Transfer Agency Agreement are subject to change at any time.

The Transfer Agent is authorized to enter into arrangements with third-party service providers to provide a portion or all of the functions under the Transfer Agency Agreement. For accounts held with third-party intermediaries, the Trust pays the Transfer Agent the same fees that would have been paid to the Transfer Agent if all the accounts had been maintained by the Transfer Agent. The intermediaries may receive payments directly or indirectly from the Transfer Agent, the Adviser, or their affiliates for providing services to their clients who hold Fund shares.

Sub-Transfer Agent

Under its agreement with the Trust, the Transfer Agent may delegate one or more of its responsibilities to others at its expense. The Transfer Agent has engaged FIS Investor Services LLC (“FIS”), 4249 Easton Way, Suite 400, Columbus, Ohio 43219, to serve as sub-transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Funds. Under its agreement with the Transfer Agent, FIS has agreed to (1) issue and redeem shares of the Funds; (2) address and mail all communications by the Funds to their shareholders, including reports to shareholders, dividend and distribution notices and proxy material for its meetings of shareholders; (3) respond to correspondence or inquiries by shareholders and others relating to its duties; (4) maintain shareholder accounts and certain sub-accounts; and (5) make periodic reports to the Board concerning the Funds’ operations.

Underwriter and Distributor

The Trust has an agreement with Victory Capital Services, Inc. (“VCS”), 4900 Tiedeman Road, Brooklyn, Ohio 44144, an affiliate of the Adviser, for exclusive underwriting and distribution of the Fund's shares on a continuing, best efforts basis. This agreement provides that VCS will receive no fee or other compensation for such distribution services, but may receive 12b-1 fees with respect to Class A shares.

Compliance Services

Effective July 1, 2019, as amended on July 1, 2021, the Trust entered into an Agreement to Provide Compliance Services (“Compliance Agreement”) with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser furnishes its compliance personnel, including the services of the CCO, and other resources reasonably necessary to provide the Trust with compliance oversight services related to the design, administration, and oversight of a compliance program for the Trust in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Funds in the Victory Funds complex, in the aggregate, compensate the Adviser for these services.

The Fund paid Victory Capital for compliance services for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the fiscal period ended February 28, 2023*, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, as follows:

Fund	2024	2023	2022
Victory California Bond Fund	$4,790	$4,626	$4,448
Victory New York Bond Fund	$1,357	$1,440	$1,448
Victory Virginia Bond Fund	$5,123	$5,058	$4,962

*Effective February 28, 2023, the Funds’ fiscal year-end changed from March 31 to February 28.

Legal Counsel

K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, reviews certain legal matters for the Trust in connection with the shares offered by the prospectus.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP, 111 West Houston Street, Suite 1901, San Antonio, Texas 78205, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. In this capacity, the firm is responsible for the audits of the annual financial statements of each Fund.

Codes of Ethics

Each of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor has adopted a Code of Ethics in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Adviser Code of Ethics applies to all Access Personnel (the Adviser’s directors, officers, and employees with investment advisory duties) and all Supervised Personnel (all of the Adviser’s directors, officers, and employees). Each Code of Ethics provides that Access

Personnel must refrain from certain trading practices. Each Code of Ethics also requires all Access Personnel (and, in the Adviser Code of Ethics, all Supervised Personnel) to report certain personal investment activities, including, but not limited to, purchases or sales of securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. Violations of any Code of Ethics can result in penalties, suspension, or termination of employment.

Distribution and Service Plans

Multiple Class Information

The Funds are comprised of multiple classes of shares. Each class has a common investment objective and investment portfolio. The classes have different fees, expenses and/or minimum investment and eligibility requirements. The difference in the fee structures between the classes is the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and the application of performance fee adjustments. It is not the result of any difference in advisory or custodial fee rate schedules or other expenses related to the management of the Fund's assets, which do not vary by class.

Except as described below, the share classes have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, terms and conditions. The primary differences between the classes are (a) each class may be subject to different expenses specific to that class; (b) each class has a different identifying designation or name; (c) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters solely affecting that class; and (d) each class may have different purchase, exchange, and redemption privileges.

Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plans

Each Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (“Rule 12b-1 Plan”) under the 1940 Act, as amended, with respect to Class A and Class C shares. Under the Rule 12b-1 Plan such fees may cover expenses incurred by the Payee in connection with the distribution and/or servicing of Class A and Class C shares of the Fund and relating (among other things) to:

• compensation to the Payee and its employees;

• payment of the Payee’s expenses, including overhead and communication expenses;

• compensation to broker-dealers, financial intermediaries and other entities to pay or reimburse them for their services or expenses in connection with the distribution of Class A shares;

• printing and mailing of prospectuses, SAIs, and reports for prospective shareholders;

• the preparation and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials;

• responding to inquiries from shareholders or their financial representatives requesting information regarding the Victory Funds; and

• responding to inquiries by and correspondence from shareholders regarding ownership of their shares or their accounts.

The Distributor pays all or a portion of such fees to financial intermediaries that make the Class A and Class C shares available for investment by their customers and the Distributor may retain part of this fee as compensation for providing these services. If the fees received by the Distributor under the Rule 12b-1 Plan exceed its expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from these arrangements. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment in the Class A or Class C shares and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. In addition, because some or all of the fees payable pursuant to the Rule 12b-1 Plan may be used to pay for shareholder services that are not related to prospective sales of the Fund, the Class A and Class C shares may continue to make payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan even if the Fund terminates the sale of Class A or Class C shares to investors.

Class A Rule 12b-1 Plan. Under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, the Class A share class of each Fund pays a fee at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of that class’s average daily net assets to the Distributor, or such other entities as the Fund’s Board may approve (the Payee), as compensation for rendering services and bearing expenses in connection with activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Class A shares and/or providing services to shareholders of Class A shares. The fee may be split among intermediaries based on the level of services provided. The amount of fees paid by a Class A share class during any year may be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to that class and its shareholders. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules limit the amount of annual distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid.

Class C Rule 12b-1 Plan. Under the Rule 12b1- Plan, the Class C share class of the Fund will pay to the Distributor a monthly fee at an annual rate of 1.00% of the average daily net assets of its Class C shares. Of this amount, 0.75% of the Fund’s Class C shares

average daily net assets will be paid for general distribution services and for selling Class C shares. The Fund will pay 0.25% of its Class C shares average daily net assets to compensate financial institutions that provide personal services to Class C shareholders of the Fund. Distribution and selling services are provided by the Distributor or by agents of the Distributor and include those services intended to result in the sale of the Fund's Class C shares. Personal services to shareholders generally are provided by broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries and consist of responding to inquiries, providing information to shareholders about their Fund accounts, establishing and maintaining accounts and records, providing dividend and distribution payments, arranging for bank wires, assisting in transactions and changing account information.

Rule 12b-1 Plans. Prior to approving the Rule 12b-1 Plan, the Trustees considered various factors relating to the implementation of the Rule 12b-1 Plan and determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Rule 12b-1 Plan will benefit each Fund, its Class A and Class C shares, and the shareholders of the Class A and Class C shares. Among other things, the Trustees noted that, to the extent the Rule 12b-1 Plan allows each Fund to sell Class A and Class C shares in markets to which it would not otherwise have access, the Rule 12b-1 Plan may result in additional sales of Fund shares, including to USAA members who do not hold mutual fund accounts directly with the Adviser, and would enhance each Fund's competitive position in relation to other funds that have implemented or are seeking to implement similar distribution arrangements. In addition, certain ongoing shareholder services may be provided more effectively by intermediaries with which shareholders have an existing relationship.

The plan is renewable from year to year with respect to the Class A and Class C share class of each Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees and (2) by a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the plan or any Rule 12b-1 related agreements, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Rule 12b-1 Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Class A and Class C share class thereunder unless such amendment is approved by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of such class and by the Trustees in the manner prescribed by Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Rule 12b-1 Plan is terminable with respect to any Fund’s Class A and Class C share class at any time by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Rule 12b-1 Plan or any Rule 12b-1 related agreements, or by a majority vote of the outstanding shares in that class. The Rule 12b-1 Plan requires that the Distributor provide, or cause to be provided, a quarterly written report identifying the amounts expended by the Class A and Class C shares and the purposes for which such expenditures were made to the Trustees for their review.

For the most recent fiscal year ended February 29, 2024, the Fund paid distribution services fees for expenditures under the Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan as set forth in the table below.

Fund	2024
Victory California Bond Fund Class A	$1,297
Victory New York Bond Fund Class A	$1,065
Victory Virginia Bond Fund Class A	$28,765

Other Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

In addition to the compensation paid by the Fund for the distribution and servicing of Class A shares described above, the Adviser or its affiliates, from time to time may make additional payments to financial intermediaries for the sale, distribution, and retention of shares of a Fund and for services to the shares of a Fund and its shareholders. These non-plan payments are intended to provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries for various services and may take the form of, among other things, “due diligence” payments for a dealer’s examination of the Funds and payments for providing extra employee training and information relating to Funds; “listing” fees for the placement of the Funds on a dealer’s list of mutual funds available for purchase by its customers; “finders” fees for directing investors to a Fund; “distribution and marketing support” fees or “revenue sharing” for providing assistance in promoting the sale of the Fund's shares; payments for the sale of shares and/or the maintenance of share balances; CUSIP fees; maintenance fees for, among other things, account maintenance and tax reporting; and set-up fees regarding the establishment of new accounts. These financial intermediaries may impose additional or different conditions than the Funds on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of shares. They also may independently establish and charge their customers or program participants transaction fees, account fees and other amounts in connection with purchases, redemptions and exchanges of shares in addition to any fees imposed by the Funds. The additional fees charged by financial intermediaries may vary and over time could increase the cost of an investment in the Funds and lower investment returns. Each financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers and program participants a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Shareholders who are customers of these financial intermediaries or participants in programs serviced by them should contact the financial intermediary for information regarding these fees and conditions, if any.

From time to time, the Adviser or its affiliates also may pay a portion of the fees for administrative, networking, omnibus, operational and recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency, and shareholder services at its or their own expense and out of its or their legitimate profits.

Such revenue sharing payments are intended to compensate a financial intermediary for one or more of the following: (1) distribution, which may include expenses incurred by financial intermediaries for their sales activities with respect to a Fund, such as preparing, printing, and distributing sales literature and advertising materials and compensating registered representatives or other employees of such financial intermediaries for their sales activities, as well as the opportunity for a Fund to be made available by such financial intermediaries; (2) shareholder services, such as providing individual and custom investment advisory services to clients of the financial intermediaries; and (3) marketing and promotional services, including business planning assistance, educating personnel about a Fund, including a Fund on preferred or recommended lists or in certain sales programs sponsored by the intermediary, and sponsorship of sales meetings, which may include covering costs of providing speakers. The distributor may sponsor seminars and conferences designed to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may cover the expenses associated with attendance at such meetings, including travel costs. These payments and activities are intended to educate financial intermediaries about a Fund and may help defray or compensate the financial intermediary for the costs associated with offering a Fund.

The additional payments made by the Adviser and its affiliates may be a fixed dollar amount or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the financial intermediary involved, and may be different for different financial intermediaries. These payments may be negotiated based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the financial intermediary’s reputation in the industry, ability to attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships and quality of service. No one factor is determinative of the type or amount of additional compensation to be provided. The payments described above are made from the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ own assets pursuant to agreements with the financial intermediaries and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales.

The level of payments made to the financial intermediaries in any year will vary and normally will be based on a percentage of sales or assets attributable to that financial intermediary invested in the particular share class of a Fund. Furthermore, the Adviser or its affiliates may contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares, and may sponsor various contests and promotions subject to applicable FINRA regulations in which participants may receive prizes such as travel awards, merchandise and cash. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations, the Adviser or its affiliates also may: (i) pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of financial intermediary representatives and their salespersons in connection with educational and sales promotional programs, (ii) sponsor speakers, educational seminars and charitable events and (iii) provide other sales and marketing conferences and other resources to financial intermediaries and their salespersons. The amount of any payments is determined by us or the distributor, and all such amounts are paid out of our available assets or the assets of the distributor and do not directly affect the total expense ratio of a Fund. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may have access to certain services from Adviser or the distributor, including research reports and economic analysis, and portfolio analysis tools. In certain cases, the financial intermediary may not pay for these services.

In some instances, these incentives may be made available only to financial intermediaries whose representatives have sold or may sell a significant number of shares. The financial intermediaries receiving additional payments include those that may recommend that their clients consider or select a Fund for investment purposes, including those that may include one or more Funds on a “preferred” or “recommended” list of mutual funds. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the Funds to its customers over shares of other funds. In addition, these payments may result in greater access by the Distributor or its affiliates to, without limitation, the financial intermediary, its representatives, advisors and consultants and sales meetings, than other funds, which do not make such payments or which make lower such payments. You should consult your financial adviser and review carefully any disclosure by the financial intermediary as to compensation received by your financial adviser for more information about the payments described above.

Portfolio Manager Disclosure

This section includes information about the Fund's portfolio managers, including information concerning other accounts they manage, the dollar range of Fund shares they own, and how they are compensated. For each Fund, the portfolio managers listed in the following table manage all of the other investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts shown below as a team.

Victory Income Investors

Accounts Managed

The following table sets forth the accounts for which the Fund's portfolio managers were primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024.

	Registered Investment Companies		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles		Other Accounts
Name	Number of Accounts	Total Assets (in Millions)	Number of Accounts	Total Assets (in Millions)	Number of Accounts	Total Assets (in Millions)
Andrew Hattman	12	$11,030