ck0001683471-20221231

PROSPECTUS

Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF (INFL)

Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF ( BCDF)

Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.

Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF (MEDX )

Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF (SPAQ )

Listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

April 30, 2023

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


HORIZON KINETICS INFLATION BENEFICIARIES ETF			3
HORIZON KINETICS BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPMENT ETF			9
HORIZON KINETICS MEDICAL ETF			17
HORIZON KINETICS SPAC ACTIVE ETF			24

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS			28
Investment Objective			28
Principal Investment Risks			29

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION			42

MANAGEMENT			42
Investment Adviser			42
Sub-Adviser to the SPAC ETF			43
Portfolio Managers			43
Other Service Providers			44

HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES			45
Book Entry			45
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares			45
Determination of Net Asset Value			45
Fair Value Pricing			45
Investments by Registered Investment Companies			46
Delivery of Shareholder Documents - Householding			46

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES			46
Dividends and Distributions			46
Taxes			46
Taxes on Distributions			46
Taxes When Shares Are Sold on the Exchange			47
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units			48
Net Investment Income Tax			48
Investments in Complex Securities			48
Foreign Investments by a Fund			49

DISTRIBUTION PLAN			49

PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION			49

ADDITIONAL NOTICES			49

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS			50


HORIZON KINETICS INFLATION BENEFICIARIES ETF

Investment Objective

The Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF (the “Inflation Beneficiaries ETF” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term growth of capital in real (inflation-adjusted) terms.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.



Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)			None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fee			0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.85%

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:


1 Year:			$87			3 Years:			$271			5 Years:			$471			10 Years:			$1,049

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 9.24% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in the equity securities of domestic and foreign companies that are expected to benefit, either directly or indirectly, from rising prices (inflation). The Fund’s investments in equity securities are generally expected to include common stock, ownership units of publicly traded master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), and units of royalty trusts. The Fund’s investment in equity interests of MLPs may include both general partnership interests and limited partnership interests of MLPs.

Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC (the “Adviser”) is the Fund’s investment adviser. The Adviser seeks to identify companies that it believes are positioned to benefit from inflationary pressures, such as companies whose revenues are expected to increase with rising consumer, producer, raw material or assets prices without a corresponding increase in expenses. Such companies may include, for example, exploration and production companies, mining companies, transportation companies, infrastructure and real estate companies, with an emphasis on “asset light” businesses with royalty, streaming, rental, brokerage, management, and leasing exposure. “Asset light” refers to companies with relatively low working capital requirements and modest financial leverage that maintain exposure to inflation drivers. This may include companies with indirect exposure to inflation drivers, such as financial exchanges that facilitate transactions in commodity, interest rate and currency instruments, as well as data providers that specialize in data and analytics in industries that are sensitive to movements in interest rates and consumer prices. The Fund may invest in the securities of companies that earn revenue from precious metals or other commodities through active (i.e., mining or production) or passive (i.e., owning royalties or production streams) means. Royalties are the rights of a company to receive a percentage of the revenues generated from production of a commodity (e.g., from mining precious metals). Production streams are arrangements in which a company provides an upfront payment in exchange for the right to purchase, typically at a fixed price determined in advance of production, all or a portion of certain metals or other commodities produced from a mine.

In selecting individual securities for the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser employs a value-driven, “bottom-up” or fundamental approach. The Adviser’s research and analysis leverages insights from diverse sources, including internal research, to develop and refine its investment themes for the Fund and identify and take advantage of trends that have ramifications for individual companies or entire industries. The types of companies the Adviser believes are relevant to this theme are typically those that can increase revenues without a corresponding increase in expenses in an inflationary environment. Often such companies own, or directly or indirectly benefit from exposure to, underlying variables that are sensitive to inflationary pressures. The Adviser expects to sell portfolio holdings when it determines they no longer fit the Adviser’s investment thesis or are no longer attractively valued.

The Fund’s portfolio generally will include the securities of approximately 20 to 60 issuers that may range from small- to large-capitalization companies. Although the majority of the Fund’s portfolio securities are expected to be of issuers that are either domiciled in, or earn a majority of their revenues from activities within, the United States, the Fund also may have significant exposure to issuers that are either domiciled in, or earn a majority of their revenues from activities within, Australia, Canada, and Europe.

The Fund may also have significant exposure to securities exchange companies.

The Fund is non-diversified and therefore may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or lesser number of issuers than diversified funds.

Principal Investment Risks

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in the Fund:

•Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively-managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments, interest rates, inflation, and other factors may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions. The Adviser seeks to select for the Fund equity securities of companies that it expects to benefit, either directly or indirectly, from rising prices of real assets that are sensitive to inflationary pressures. To the extent the Adviser’s expectations for increases in the prices of real assets do not materialize (for example, because inflation did not materially increase for a period of time), the Fund may underperform other funds. Similarly, if the Adviser’s judgments about the extent to which a company will benefit from increases in the prices of real assets prove to be incorrect, the value of such companies, and consequently the Fund, may decline.

•Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The Fund may invest in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that provide exposure to such currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund’s investment and the value of your Shares. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.

•Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”) or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and negatively impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

•Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stocks and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

◦Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

◦Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

◦Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

◦Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares.

•Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

◦Australia-Specific Risk. Because investments in the metals and mining industry may be geographically concentrated in Australian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Australia, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Australian economy. Investments in Australian issuers may subject the Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Australia. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes the Australian economy susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australia is also dependent on trading with key trading partners.

◦Canada-Specific Risk. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy.

◦Europe-Specific Risk. The economies and markets of European countries are often closely connected and interdependent, and events in one country in Europe can have an adverse impact on other European countries. The Fund makes investments in securities of issuers that are domiciled in, or have significant operations in, member countries of the European Union (the “EU”) that are subject to economic and monetary controls that can adversely affect the Fund’s investments. The European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends in recent years and these events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect other European countries. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners, including some or all of the European countries in which the Fund invests.

The UK formally exited from the EU on January 31, 2020 (known as “Brexit”) and, following an 11-month transition period, left the EU single market and customs union under the terms of a new trade agreement on December 31, 2020. The agreement governs the new relationship between the United Kingdom and EU with respect to trading goods and services, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. The full scope and nature of the consequences of the exit are not at this time known, but may include increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth of markets in the UK, Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

•Market Capitalization Risk.

◦Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

◦Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

◦Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.

•Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

•MLP Risk. MLP investment returns are enhanced during periods of declining or low interest rates and tend to be negatively influenced when interest rates are rising. In addition, most MLPs are leveraged investments and are subject to interest rate risk as higher interest rates generally result in increased costs associated with MLPs’ floating rate debt. As such, a significant upward swing in interest rates would also drive interest expense higher. Furthermore, most MLPs grow by acquisitions partly financed by debt, and higher interest rates could make it more difficult to make acquisitions. MLP investments also entail many of the general tax risks of investing in a partnership. Limited partners in an MLP typically have limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. Additionally, there is always the risk that an MLP will fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment.

•Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a small number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.

•Real Assets Risk. The Fund’s investments in securities linked to real assets involve significant risks, including financial, operating, and competitive risks. Investments in securities linked to real assets expose the Fund to adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as a rise in interest rates or a downturn in the economy in which the asset is located.

•Royalty Trusts Risk. The Fund may invest in publicly traded royalty trusts. Royalty trusts are special purpose vehicles organized as investment trusts created to make investments in operating companies or their cash flows. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for the royalty trust’s underlying commodity could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts.

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

◦Energy Sector Risk. The energy sector is comprised of energy, industrial, infrastructure, and logistics companies, and will therefore be susceptible to adverse economic, environmental, business, regulatory, or other occurrences affecting that sector. The energy sector has historically experienced substantial price volatility. At times, the performance of these investments may lag the performance of other sectors or the market as a whole. Companies operating in the energy sector are subject to specific risks, including, among others, fluctuations in commodity prices; reduced consumer demand for commodities such as oil, natural gas, or petroleum products; reduced availability of natural gas or other commodities for transporting, processing, storing, or delivering; slowdowns in new construction; extreme weather or other natural disasters; and threats of attack by terrorists on energy assets. Additionally, energy sector companies are subject to substantial government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment for energy companies may adversely impact their profitability. Over time, depletion of natural gas reserves and other energy reserves may also affect the profitability of energy companies.

•Securities Exchange Companies Risk. The Fund’s investments in securities exchange companies subject it to more risks as compared to a fund that invests in a wider variety of companies. For instance, various factors may significantly affect securities exchange companies, including economic, political and geopolitical market conditions; legislative and regulatory changes; broad trends in the industry and financial markets; shifts in demand or supply in commodities underlying their products; and competition.

•Tax Risk. In order to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded to a regulated investment company (“RIC”) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from certain categories of income (“qualifying income”) and must satisfy certain asset diversification requirements. Certain of the Fund’s investments, including certain investments in royalty trusts, may generate income that is not qualifying income. The Fund will seek to restrict its income from such investments that do not generate qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income) to comply with the qualifying income requirement for the Fund to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, (the “Code”).

Performance

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund’s performance for the most recent calendar year ended December 31. The table illustrates how the Fund’s average annual returns for the 1-year and since inception periods compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. The table also shows how the Fund’s performance compares to a second index that provides a broad measure of the performance of the commodities market. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf or by calling the Fund toll-free at 1-800-617-0004.

Calendar Year Returns as of December 31

During the period shown in the bar chart, the best performance for a quarter was 12.96% (for the quarter ended December 31, 2022) and the worst performance was -13.67% (for the quarter ended June 30, 2022).


Average Annual Total Returns (for the Periods Ended December 31, 2022)
	One Year	Since Inception 1/11/21
Return Before Taxes	2.57%	13.93%
Return After Taxes on Distributions	2.14%	13.56%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.79%	10.74%
MSCI ACWI All Cap Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-18.44%	-2.88%
S&P GSCI (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses, or taxes)	25.99%	30.97%

After-tax returns are calculated using the historically highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred or other tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”).

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC
Portfolio Managers			Steven Bregman, President, Peter B. Doyle, Managing Director, and James Davolos, Portfolio Manager, have been the portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in January 2021

Purchase and Sale of Shares

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and ask prices is referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”

Recent information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf/infl.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

Financial Intermediary Compensation

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.


HORIZON KINETICS BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPMENT ETF

Investment Objective

The Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF (the “Blockchain Development ETF” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term growth of capital.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund


Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)			None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fee			0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses*			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.85%

* Estimated for the current fiscal year.

Example


1 Year:			$87			3 Years:			$271

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal period August 1, 2022 (commencement of operations) through December 31, 2022, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5.12% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that will invest primarily in equity securities of listed domestic and foreign Blockchain Development Companies (as the term is defined below), American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”), that Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), expects to benefit, either directly or indirectly, from the use of blockchain technology in connection with the issuance, facilitation, custody, trading and administration of digital assets, including cryptocurrencies. A blockchain is a peer-to-peer ledger of immutable transactions consolidated into digital “blocks” of data; the “blocks” are cryptographically linked consecutively into a chronological “chain,” meaning that each new block references the transactions in the previous block of data. The Fund defines “digital assets” as digital (i.e., non-tangible) representations of various assets (e.g., goods, resources, objects) and defines “cryptocurrency” (also referred to as “virtual currency” and “digital currency”) as digital assets designed to act as a medium of exchange. The Fund does not invest directly in cryptocurrencies or initial coin offerings and as a result, its performance does not seek to, and should not be expected to, correspond to the performance of any particular cryptocurrency.

Blockchain Development Companies may include companies that (i) verify and add digital asset transactions to a blockchain ledger (i.e., digital asset mining), or that produce technology used in digital asset mining, (ii) operate trading platforms/exchanges, asset managers, custodians, wallets, and/or payment gateways or processors for digital assets issued on a blockchain, (iii) develop and distribute applications and software services related to blockchain technology and digital assets issued on a blockchain, including smart contracts, (iv) manufacture and distribute infrastructure and/or hardware used for blockchain activities and digital assets issued on a blockchain, or (v) provide engineering and consulting services for the adoption and utilization of blockchain technology and digital assets issued on a blockchain.

sub-industries. The Adviser expects to sell portfolio holdings when it determines that they no longer fit the Adviser’s investment thesis and/or are no longer attractively valued.

The Fund’s portfolio generally will include the securities of approximately 20 to 50 issuers, and those issuers may represent any combination of small-, mid-, or large-capitalization companies at any point in time. The Fund may invest in issuers in developed, emerging markets, and frontier markets. Frontier markets and emerging market countries are those countries with low- and middle-income economies, respectively, as classified by the World Bank, or included in any of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) frontier markets or emerging markets indices.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in Blockchain Development Companies. A Blockchain Development Company means a company that has (i) publicly disclosed its commitment to the development and use of blockchain technologies, (ii) organized a separate identifiable business line or legal entity for the purpose of developing and using blockchain technologies, or (iii) been defined by one or more published indices or classified by one or more industry classification schemes as a blockchain company.

The Fund also may invest in the securities of issuers the Adviser believes are actively engaged in the development and use of blockchain technologies, but which do not meet the criteria specified above in the Fund’s definition of Blockchain Development Companies, and anticipates investing in cash and cash equivalents on a day-to-day basis.

The Fund is non-diversified and therefore may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or smaller number of issuers than diversified funds. The Fund expects to concentrate its investments in issuers in the Capital Markets Industry within the Financials Sector, as classified by the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).

Principal Investment Risks

•Associated Risk of Investing in Blockchain Development Companies. The Fund will invest in Blockchain Development Companies. At times, Blockchain Development Companies may be out of favor and underperform other industries or groups of industries or the market as a whole. In such event, the value of the Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries. An investment in a Blockchain Development Company may be subject to the following risks:

◦Risk that Blockchain Technology is New and Many of its Uses May be Untested. The mechanics of using blockchain technology to transact in digital or other types of assets, such as securities or derivatives, is relatively new and untested. There is no assurance that widespread adoption will occur. A lack of expansion in the usage of blockchain technology could adversely affect Blockchain Development Companies.

◦Theft, Loss or Destruction Risk. Transacting on a blockchain depends in part specifically on the use of cryptographic keys that are required to access a user’s account (or “wallet”). The theft, loss, or destruction of these keys could adversely affect a user’s ownership claims over an asset or a company’s business or operations if it was dependent on the blockchain.

◦Competing Platforms, Technologies, and Patents Risk. The development and acceptance of competing platforms or technologies may cause consumers or investors to use an alternative to blockchains. Further, if one or more other persons, companies or organizations has or obtains a valid patent covering technology critical to the operation of one or more of a Blockchain Development Company’s business lines, there can be no guarantee that such an entity would be willing to license such technology at acceptable prices or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on the Blockchain Development Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

◦Cybersecurity Incidents Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may compromise an issuer, its operations, or its business. Cybersecurity incidents may also specifically target a user’s transaction history, digital assets, or identity, thereby leading to privacy concerns. In addition, certain features of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, open source protocol, and reliance on peer-to-peer connectivity, may increase the risk of fraud or cyber-attack by potentially reducing the likelihood of a coordinated response. Additionally, blockchain functionality relies on the Internet. A significant disruption of Internet connectivity affecting large numbers of users or geographic areas could impede the functionality of blockchain technologies.

holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may be significantly tied to such industries. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund invests.

◦Financial Technology Risk. Companies that are developing financial technologies that seek to disrupt or displace established financial institutions generally face competition from much larger and more established firms. Such companies may not be able to capitalize on their disruptive technologies if they face political and/or legal attacks from competitors, industry groups or local and national governments. Laws generally vary by country, creating some challenges to achieving scale. A financial technology company may not currently derive any revenue, and there is no assurance that such company will derive any revenue from innovative technologies in the future. Additionally, financial technology companies may be adversely impacted by potential rapid product obsolescence, cybersecurity attacks, increased regulatory oversight and disruptions in the technology they depend on.

◦Key Personnel Risk. Blockchain Development Companies rely on highly skilled financial service professionals and software engineers. Because of competition from other firms, Blockchain Development Companies may face difficulties in recruiting and retaining professionals of a caliber consistent with their business strategy in the future. The inability to successfully identify and retain qualified professionals could materially and adversely affect the growth, operations, or financial condition of the company.

◦Lack of Liquid Markets, and Possible Manipulation of Blockchain-Based Assets Risk. Digital assets that are represented and trade on a blockchain may not necessarily benefit from viable trading markets. Stock exchanges have listing requirements and vet issuers, and perhaps users. These conditions may not necessarily be replicated on a blockchain, depending on the platform’s controls and other policies. The more lenient a blockchain is about vetting issuers of digital assets or users that transact on the platform, the higher the potential risk for fraud or the manipulation of digital assets. These factors may decrease liquidity or volume, or increase volatility of digital securities or other assets trading on a blockchain.

◦Lack of Regulation Risk. Digital assets and their associated platforms are largely unregulated, and the regulatory environment is rapidly evolving. Because blockchain technology works by having every transaction build on every other transaction, participants can self-police any corruption, which can mitigate the need to depend on the current level of legal or government safeguards to monitor and control the flow of business transactions. As a result, companies engaged in such blockchain activities may be exposed to adverse regulatory action, fraudulent activity, or even failure. There can be no guarantee that future regulation of blockchain technology will not have a negative impact on the value of such technologies and of the companies in the which the Fund invests.

◦Network Amendment Risk. Significant contributors to any cryptocurrency network could propose amendments to the respective network’s protocols and software that, if accepted and authorized by such network, could adversely affect a Blockchain Development Company. For example, with respect to the bitcoin network, a small group of individuals contribute to the bitcoin network’s source code. Those individuals can propose refinements or improvements to the bitcoin network’s source code through one or more software upgrades that alter the protocols and software that govern the bitcoin network and the properties of bitcoin, including the irreversibility of transactions and limitations on the mining of new bitcoin. To the extent that a significant majority of the users and miners on the bitcoin network install such software upgrade(s), the bitcoin network would be subject to new protocols and software that may adversely affect Blockchain Development Companies.

◦Non-Fungible Tokens Ecosystem Company Risk. Non-fungible tokens (“NFTs”) act like a certificate of authenticity for a digital record. NFTs may be purchased, sold, or held as an original digital collectible for items such as digital art, music, videos, or other electronic content. The value of a NFT may decline for short or long periods of time and may be volatile due to factors such as the desirability of the particular NFT, the availability of other similar NFTs, the accessibility of the blockchain used by the NFT, and general risks applicable to Blockchain Development Companies. Volatility in the value of NFTs may have a material adverse effect on a Blockchain Development Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operation. The NFT ecosystem includes those companies that either (i) currently operate services for the issuance, creation, and commercialization of NFTs and/or (ii) invest in or fund, or will invest in or fund, internal or external projects targeting the issuance, creation, and commercialization of NFTs that are of material importance to such company.

◦Third Party Product Defects or Vulnerabilities Risk. Where blockchain systems are built using third party products, those products may contain technical defects or vulnerabilities beyond a company’s control. Open-source technologies that are used to build a blockchain application may also introduce defects and vulnerabilities.

◦Reliance on Cryptocurrency Risk. Certain Blockchain Development Companies may rely on the success of the digital currency industry, the development and acceptance of which is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. Though there are many applications of blockchain technology outside of the digital currency industry, digital currencies remain a key driver of interest in blockchain technology. Cryptocurrency is an emerging asset class. There are thousands of cryptocurrencies, the most well-known of which is bitcoin. Cryptocurrency generally operates without a central authority

(such as a bank) and is not backed by any government. Cryptocurrency is not legal tender. Federal, state and/or foreign governments may restrict the use and exchange of cryptocurrency, and regulation in the United States is still developing. The market price of bitcoin has been subject to extreme fluctuations. Similar to fiat currencies (i.e., a currency that is backed by a central bank or a national, supra-national or quasi-national organization), cryptocurrencies are susceptible to theft, loss, and destruction. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or permanently shut down due to fraud, technical glitches, hackers, or malware, which may also affect volatility.

◦Exposure to Cryptocurrency Risk. The Fund may have exposure to cryptocurrencies indirectly through investment in individual Blockchain Development Companies that have either direct or indirect exposure to cryptocurrencies, including cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin. To date, cryptocurrency markets have experienced extreme fluctuations and generally are characterized by significant volatility. The prices of cryptocurrencies could fall sharply (potentially to zero) for various reasons, including, but not limited to, regulatory changes, issues impacting the distributed ledger networks, events involving entities that facilitate transactions in cryptocurrency, or changes in user preferences in favor of alternative cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated. As a result, the prices of cryptocurrencies on exchanges may be subject to greater volatility than traditional assets traded on regulated exchanges. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues also may be more vulnerable to fraud and failure, including financial failure due to extreme market volatility, than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. The Fund’s investments in Blockchain Development Companies with significant direct and indirect exposure to cryptocurrencies expose the Fund to all of the risks related to cryptocurrencies described above in addition to the risks related to the Blockchain Development Companies. Cryptocurrency volatility may have a material adverse effect on a Blockchain Development Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operation.

◦Line of Business Risk. Some Blockchain Development Companies are engaged in other lines of business unrelated to blockchain and these lines of business could adversely affect their operating results. The operating results of these companies may fluctuate as a result of these additional risks and events in the other lines of business. In addition, a company’s ability to engage in new activities may expose it to business risks with which it has less experience than it has with the business risks associated with its traditional businesses. Despite a company’s possible success in activities linked to its use of blockchain, there can be no assurance that the other lines of business in which these companies are engaged will not have an adverse effect on a company’s business or financial condition.

•Concentration Risk. The Fund expects to have concentrated (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) investment exposure to companies in the Capital Markets Industry, an industry within the Financials Sector. As a result, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting the Capital Markets Industry than a fund that invests its assets in a more diversified manner.

Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and may continue to be, volatile due to a variety of factors, including significant write-offs in the Financials Sector. In particular, concerns about the general stability of financial markets and specifically the solvency of lending counterparties, may impact the cost of raising capital from the credit markets through increased interest rates, tighter lending standards, difficulties in refinancing debt on existing terms or at all and reduced, or in some cases ceasing to provide, funding to borrowers.

•Currency Exchange Rate Risk. The Fund may invest a relatively large percentage of its assets in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that provide exposure to such currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund’s investment and the value of your Shares. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.

•Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”), the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

•Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary Receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary Receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Fund invests in Depositary Receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the Depositary Receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.

•Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in companies organized in emerging market nations. Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and instruments or investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

•Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Frontier Markets Risk. Certain foreign markets are only in the earliest stages of development and may be considered “frontier markets.” Frontier financial markets generally are less liquid and more volatile than other markets, including markets in developing and emerging economies. Securities may have limited marketability and be subject to erratic price movements. Frontier markets may be impacted by political instability, war, terrorist activities and religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. These and other factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than investing in developed market or emerging market countries.

•Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax, or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance.

Currency developments or restrictions, political and social instability, and changing economic conditions have resulted in significant market volatility.

◦Risks of Investing in Canada. The Fund may have significant exposure to issuers operating and/or organized in Canada, and, as a result, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy.

•Limited Operating History Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

•Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and its ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Adviser’s successful implementation of the Fund’s investment strategies. The Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding issuers, securities, and other factors may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions.

•Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

•Market Capitalization Risk.

◦Large-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and, therefore, subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies also may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

◦Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

•Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a smaller number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.

•Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the following sectors and, therefore, the performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting each of these sectors.

◦Communication Services Sector Risk. Market or economic factors impacting communication services companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a major effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. The value of stocks of communication services companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to research and development costs, substantial capital requirements, product and services obsolescence,

government regulation, and domestic and international competition, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Stocks of communication services companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Additionally, companies in the communication services sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. While all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the communication services sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.

◦Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the Financials Sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

◦Information Technology Sector Risk. Market or economic factors impacting information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. The value of stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.

Performance

Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund did not have a full calendar year of performance prior to the date of this Prospectus. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf/BCDF.

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC
Portfolio Managers			Murray Stahl, Chairman and Chief Investment Strategist, Steven Bregman, President, Peter B. Doyle, Managing Director, James Davolos, Portfolio Manager, and Brandon Colavita, Vice President, have been the portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August, 2022

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation

interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.


HORIZON KINETICS MEDICAL ETF

Investment Objective

Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF (“Medical ETF” or the “Fund”) seeks to provide long-term growth of capital.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund



Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)			None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fee			0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses*			0.85%

* Restated to reflect the Fund’s current unified management fee as if it had been in effect during the previous fiscal year.

Example


1 Year:			$87			3 Years:			$271

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Predecessor Fund’s (defined below) portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that pursues its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in common stocks, convertible securities, warrants and other equity securities having the characteristics of common stocks (such as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and International Depositary Receipts (“IDRs”)) of U.S. and foreign companies engaged in medical research, pharmaceutical and medical technology industries and related technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development, such as pharmaceutical development companies, surgical and medical instrument manufacturers and developers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and biotech and medical research companies. These types of companies derive at least 50% of their revenue from such activities. The Fund also may invest in other ETFs and purchase and write options for hedging purposes and/or direct investment.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in convertible and non-convertible debt securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, or unrated securities that Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has determined to be of comparable quality.

The Adviser selects portfolio securities by evaluating a company’s positioning and the resources that it currently expends on research and development, looking for a significant percentage, or large amount, of capital invested into research and treatment of cancer and other diseases. The Adviser also considers a company’s fundamentals by reviewing its balance sheets, corporate revenues, earnings and dividends. The Adviser also considers at the amount of capital a company spends on research and development because the Adviser believes that such expenditures frequently have significant bearing on future growth. The Fund may invest in companies of any size, including small and medium-size companies. Additionally, the Fund may participate in securities lending arrangements up to 33 1/3% of the securities in its portfolio with brokers, dealers, and financial institutions (but not individuals) to seek to increase the return on its portfolio.

Decisions to sell the Fund’s portfolio holdings are generally triggered by either adequate value being achieved, as determined by the Adviser, or an adverse change in a company’s operating performance or a deterioration of the company’s business model. A sell trigger also may occur if the Adviser discovers a new investment opportunity that it believes is more compelling and represents a greater risk reward profile than other investment(s) held by the Fund.

The Fund may maintain during a temporary period, which could be for a short period or a longer period lasting several years or more, of abnormal conditions, a significant portion of its total assets in cash and securities, generally considered to be cash and cash equivalents, including, but not limited to: high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Adviser will invest in such short-term cash positions to the extent the Adviser is unable to find sufficient investments meeting its criteria and when the Adviser believes the purchase of additional equity securities would not further the investment objective of the Fund during such periods of time. Additionally, to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, which may persist for short or long periods of time, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in the types of high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments described above.

If the market advances during periods when the Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate in the positive performance as much as it would have if it had been more fully invested in securities. In the aforementioned temporary defensive periods, the Adviser believes that an additional amount of liquidity in the Fund is desirable both to meet operating requirements and to take advantage of new investment opportunities. When the Fund holds a significant portion of assets in cash and cash equivalents, it may not meet its investment objective.

The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in companies engaged in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development.

The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”).

Principal Investment Risks

•Associated Risks of Investing in the Medical Industry. Medical and pharmaceutical-related companies in general are subject to the rate of change in technology, which is generally higher than that of other industries. Similarly, cancer research-related industries use many products and services of companies engaged in medical and pharmaceutical-related activities and are also subject to relatively high risks of rapid obsolescence caused by progressive scientific and technological advances. Additionally, it is possible that a medical device or product may fail after its research period; such research period may involve substantial research, testing and development time and the development company may incur significant costs. Further, the medical research and development industry is subject to strict regulatory scrutiny and ongoing legislative action.

•Below Investment Grade Bonds Risk. The Fund’s investments in below investment grade bonds are subject to a greater risk of loss of income and principal than higher grade debt securities. The Fund’s investments in below investment grade bonds also subject the Fund to greater levels of interest rate, credit and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. Issuers of below investment grade bonds are often highly leveraged and are more vulnerable to changes in the economy. These securities are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments.

•Concentration Risk. The Fund expects to have concentrated (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) investment exposure to companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries. As a result, it is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries than a fund that invests its assets in a more diversified manner. Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries, as traditionally defined, spend heavily on research and development, and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. These industries are subject to a significant amount of governmental regulation, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have a material adverse effect on these industries. This regulation requires significant investments in time and funds to maintain compliance. The process of obtaining government approvals can be long and costly, and the process is accompanied by significant uncertainty. Companies in which the Fund may invest in may not currently have any marketed or approved products and may never have marketed or approved products; companies may not be able to maintain any regulatory approvals that they obtain for their products or their products may not be accepted by patients or providers. In addition, unanticipated problems often arise in connection with the development and marketing of new products, and many such efforts are ultimately unsuccessful. Companies in these sectors may not be able to obtain adequate pricing and reimbursement levels for any marketed products, impeding their ability to generate a profit. Companies may also have difficulty manufacturing, marketing, and distributing their products, or may have regulatory authority-imposed restrictions on their ability to do so. Companies may further face product liability and other actions should their

products be less safe or efficacious than believed, should they be deemed to have engaged in misleading practices, or should a person that received their product otherwise experience harm or injury. Moreover, companies in the pharmaceutical industries are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting and rebating. The profitability of some companies in these industries may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Pharmaceutical products are subject to government approvals, regulation, and reimbursement rates.

•Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are subject to the risks affecting both equity and fixed income securities, including market, credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.

•Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”), the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

•Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts, including ADRs, GDRs, and IDRs, involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies, and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares. Because the Underlying Shares trade on foreign exchanges that may be closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund may experience premiums and discounts greater than those of funds without exposure to such Underlying Shares.

•Derivatives Risk. Put and call options are referred to as “derivative” instruments since their values are based on, or derived from, an underlying reference asset, such as an index. Derivatives can be volatile, and a small investment in a derivative can have a large impact on the performance of the Fund as derivatives can result in losses in excess of the amount invested. The return on a derivative instrument may not correlate with the return of its underlying reference asset. Derivative instruments may be difficult to value and may be subject to wide swings in valuations caused by changes in the value of the underlying instrument. Other risks of investments in derivatives include risks that the transactions may result in losses that partially or completely offset gains in portfolio positions, risks associated with leverage, and risks that the derivative transaction may not be liquid.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

◦Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares.

•Fixed Income Risk. Current market conditions and the actions of governmental authorities and regulators in response to COVID-19 and its far-reaching effects present heightened risks to the fixed income market generally. Such risks could be further heightened if such market conditions become more volatile or the governmental and regulatory actions are unexpectedly or suddenly reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. In addition, the current environment is exposing fixed-income and debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments.

◦Call Risk. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Fund may “call” or repay the security before its stated maturity, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income.

◦Credit Risk. Debt issuers and other counterparties may not honor their obligations or may have their debt downgraded by ratings agencies.

◦Income Risk. The Fund’s income may decline if interest rates fall. This decline in income can occur because most of the debt instruments held by the Fund will have floating or variable interest rates.

•Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there also is the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

•Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and its ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Adviser’s successful implementation of the Fund’s investment strategies.

•Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in

the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

•Market Capitalization Risk.

•Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.

•Options Risk. The prices of options may change rapidly over time and do not necessarily move in tandem with the price of the underlying securities. Selling call options reduces the Fund’s ability to profit from increases in the value of the Fund’s equity portfolio, and purchasing put options may result in the Fund’s loss of premiums paid in the event that the put options expire unexercised. To the extent that the Fund reduces its put option holdings relative to the number of call options sold by the Fund, the Fund’s ability to mitigate losses in the event of a market decline will be reduced. When the Fund sells an option, it gains the amount of the premium it receives, but also incurs a liability representing the value of the option it has sold until the option is either exercised and finishes “in the money,” meaning it has value and can be sold, or the option expires worthless, or the expiration of the option is “rolled,” or extended forward. The value of the options in which the Fund invests is based partly on the volatility used by market participants to price such options (i.e., implied volatility). Accordingly, increases in the implied volatility of such options will cause the value of such options to increase (even if the prices of the options’ underlying stocks do not change), which will result in a corresponding increase in the liabilities of the Fund under such options and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV.

•Other Investment Company Risk. The risks of investment in other investment companies, including ETFs, typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment companies invest. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company and bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the “ETF Risks” described above.

◦Manufacturing Sector. Companies in the Manufacturing Sector can be significantly affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for Manufacturing Sector products in general; a decline in demand for products due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction; government regulation, world events and economic conditions; and the risks associated with potential environmental damage and product liability claims.

•Tax Risk. The use of derivatives strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection therewith. The Fund expects to generate premiums from its sale of options. These premiums typically will result in short-term capital gains for federal income tax purposes. In addition, equity securities that are hedged with put options may not be eligible for long-term capital gains tax treatment, as qualified dividend income for individual shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders.

•Temporary Defensive Position Risk. If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may invest all or a large portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents. If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective.

Performance

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund commenced operations after the assets of another investment company advised by the Adviser, the Kinetics Medical Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), were transferred

to the Fund in a tax-free reorganization as of the close of business on January 27, 2023. The Fund has the same investment objective and substantially similar investment strategies as those of the Predecessor Fund. The bar chart shows the Predecessor Fund’s performance (represented by the performance of the Predecessor Fund’s No Load Class of Shares) for calendar years ended December 31. The table shows the Predecessor Fund’s average annual total returns (represented by the average annual total returns of the Predecessor Fund’s No Load Class of Shares) for the 1-year, 5-year, 10-year and since inception periods compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. The table also shows how the Fund’s performance compares to a second index that provides a broad measure of market performance. Performance for the Fund has not been adjusted to reflect the Fund’s lower expense ratios. Had the Predecessor Fund been structured as an ETF, its performance may have differed. Performance for the Predecessor Fund is based on the NAV per share of the Predecessor Fund shares rather than on market-determined prices. The Predecessor Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

Calendar Years Total Returns

During the period of time shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 20.54% for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, and the lowest quarterly return was -12.31% for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

Average Annual Total Returns

(for periods ended December 31, 2022)


Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF	1-Year	5-Years	10-Years	Since Inception*
Return Before Taxes	4.21%	8.19%	10.83%	8.96%
Return After Taxes on Distributions	3.80%	7.32%	9.63%	8.18%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares	2.78%	6.30%	8.67%	7.61%
S&P 500® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-18.11%	9.42%	12.56%	6.83%
NASDAQ Composite Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-33.10%	8.68%	13.24%	5.92%

* The Predecessor Fund commenced operations on September 30, 1999.

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged accounts.

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC
Portfolio Managers			B. Paul Abel, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, and Peter B. Doyle, Managing Director of the Adviser, have been portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in January 2023

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation


HORIZON KINETICS SPAC ACTIVE ETF

Investment Objective

Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF (“SPAC ETF” or the “Fund”) seeks to generate realized capital gains in excess of short-term interest rates on a risk adjusted basis.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund



Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)			None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fee			0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees			0.00%
Other Expenses			0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses*			0.85%

* Restated to reflect the Fund’s current unified management fee as if it had been in effect during the previous fiscal year.

Example


1 Year:			$87			3 Years:			$271

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund reorganized following the most recent fiscal year end, portfolio turnover information has been omitted.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that pursues its investment objective primarily by investing, under normal circumstances, in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) that Ryan Heritage, LLP, the Fund’s investment sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”), believes will generate net realized capital gains in excess of the income derived from bank certificates of deposit with similar maturities.

A SPAC (also known as a “blank check” company) is an investment vehicle with no commercial operations that is designed to raise capital via an initial public offering (“IPO”) for the purpose of engaging in a merger, acquisition, reorganization, or similar business combination (a “Combination”) with one or more operating companies to be identified subsequent to the SPAC’s IPO. SPACs are often used as a vehicle to transition a company from private to publicly traded as an alternative to a more traditional direct IPO by a private company. Unless and until Combination is completed, a SPAC generally places a minimum of the total amount of cash raised in the IPO in a trust account that invests such cash in U.S. government securities or money market funds. A SPAC sponsor generally has 24 months (or less) to find an acquisition target, secure shareholder approval, and complete the Combination. Prior to consummation of a Combination, the SPAC’s shares trade in the market at prices that may be below or above the per share value of the trust account. If a Combination is not consummated within the allowed time span, the SPAC is automatically liquidated and the cash value, after any applicable taxes, fees, and administrative expenses, of the SPAC trust is distributed to shareholders. If a Combination is proposed, shareholders can (1) continue to hold onto their shares (which then bear the risks associated with all equity securities) or (2) redeem their shares for the pro rata value of the cash value of the trust. The Sub-Adviser believes SPACs offer upside potential when sold after an attractive Combination announcement, coupled with one or more redemption options, such as when the Fund is permitted to exit a SPAC prior to the completion of a Combination without loss of the principal it invested in the SPAC, thus providing a true asymmetric risk/reward profile for investors. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, will be invested in Pre-Combination SPACs, together with the warrants or rights issued in connection with the IPO of Pre-Combination SPACs. A warrant or right is a security that allows its holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price for a specified time.

The Fund may maintain during a temporary period, which could be for a short period or a longer period lasting several years or more, of abnormal conditions, a significant portion of its total assets in cash and securities, generally considered to be cash and cash equivalents, including, but not limited to, high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Sub-Adviser will invest in such short-term cash positions to the extent the Sub-Adviser is unable to find sufficient investments meeting its criteria and when the Sub-Adviser believes the purchase of additional equity securities would not further the investment objective of the Fund during such periods of time. The criteria for temporarily investing in cash equivalents is a lack of current investments that the Sub-Adviser believes will generate net realized capital gains in excess of the income derived from bank certificates of deposit with similar maturities. Additionally, to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, which may persist for short or long periods of time, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in the types of high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments described above.

If the market advances during periods when the Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate in the positive performance as much as it would have if it had been more fully invested in securities. In the aforementioned temporary defensive periods, the Sub-Adviser believes that an additional amount of liquidity in the Fund is desirable both to meet operating requirements and to take advantage of new investment opportunities. When the Fund holds a significant portion of assets in cash and cash equivalents, it may not meet its investment objective.

The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”).

Principal Investment Risks

•Associated Risks of Pre-Combination SPACs. “Pre-Combination” SPACs are SPACs that are either seeking a target for a Combination or have not yet completed a Combination with an identified target. Pre-Combination SPACs often have predetermined time frames to consummate a Combination (typically, two years) or the SPAC will liquidate. A Pre-Combination SPAC may extend the time to consummate a Combination. The Fund invests in equity securities including common stock, rights and warrants of SPACs, which raise cash to seek potential Combination opportunities. Unless and until a Combination is completed, substantially all of the cash raised by a SPAC is deposited in a trust account that generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking Combinations, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a Combination that investors find attractive. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete a Combination or that any Combination that is completed will be attractive to investors. Some SPACs may pursue Combinations only within certain industries or regions, which may affect the volatility of their prices. A SPAC may restrict holders from redeeming more than a certain percentage of the outstanding public shares to discourage holders from accumulating large blocks of shares. While the terms of warrants issued by SPACs will vary, to the extent warrants are exercisable prior to a business combination, the holders of a SPAC’s common stock may be subject to dilution which could reduce the holder’s proportional ownership in the SPAC.

•Equity Market Risk. The trading prices of equity securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. The Fund’s NAV and market price may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time.

•ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

•Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that a Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, a Fund may have to accept a lesser price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on a Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

•Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and its ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Sub-Adviser’s successful implementation of the Fund’s investment strategies.

•Market Capitalization Risk.

•Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

•New Strategy Risk. The Fund may not be successful in implementing its new investment strategy, and its investment strategy may not be successful under all future market conditions, either of which could result in the Fund being liquidated at some future time without shareholder approval and/or at a time that may not be favorable for certain shareholders. New strategies may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment, trading or other efficiencies.

•Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.

•Portfolio Turnover Risk. Because the Fund may “turn over” some or all of its portfolio frequently, the Fund may incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups in the bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover (e.g., in excess of 100% per year) may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders.

•Warrants and Rights Risk. The Fund may receive warrants or rights in connection with purchasing equity securities, specifically SPAC Units. Investments in warrants or rights are pure speculation in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Warrants and rights also are complex financial instruments. Their prices do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities and their accounting treatment and valuation is subject to special considerations making them more prone to errors than less complex financial instruments. For example, determining whether warrants should be treated as equity or an asset or liability of the SPAC entity depends not only on the specific terms of the warrant contract, but also on the SPAC entity’s specific facts and circumstances. Warrants and rights are also subject to the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of the warrant if the warrant is not exercised or sold prior to its expiration. They also involve the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant or right added to the subscription price of the related security may be greater than the value of the subscribed security’s market price. If the Fund holds warrants or rights associated with a SPAC that does not complete a business combination within the designated time period, the warrants or rights held by the Fund will expire and lose all value.

Performance

The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

Portfolio Management


Adviser			Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC (the “Adviser”)
Sub-Adviser			Ryan Heritage, LLP
Portfolio Managers			Philip Goldstein, Partner of the Sub-Adviser, Andrew Dakos, Partner of the Sub-Adviser, and Rajeev Das, Principal of the Sub-Adviser, have been the portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in January, 2023

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Tax Information

Financial Intermediary Compensation

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

Investment Objective

Each Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Listed Funds Trust (the “Trust”) without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.

The Blockchain Development ETF will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in issuers in the Capital Markets Industry within the Financials Sector, as classified by GICS®. The Medical ETF will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) companies engaged in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development.

Principal Investment Strategies

The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s (except where otherwise indicated) principal investment strategies in the section titled “Fund Summary—Principal Investment Strategies” above.

The Medical ETF

The Medical ETF invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in common stocks, convertible securities, warrants, and other equity securities having the characteristics of common stocks (such as ADRs, GDRs, and IDRs) of U.S. and foreign companies engaged in medical research, pharmaceutical and medical technology industries, and related technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development, such as pharmaceutical development companies, surgical and medical instrument manufacturers and developers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and biotech and medical research companies. These types of companies derive at least 50% of their revenue from such activities. The Fund also may invest in other ETFs and purchase and write options for hedging purposes and/or direct investment.

The Adviser believes that favorable investment opportunities are available through companies that are developing technology, products, and/or services for cancer research and treatment and related medical activities. Accordingly, the Medical ETF seeks to invest in the equity securities of companies whose research and development efforts may result in higher stock values. Securities will be selected by the Adviser from companies that are engaged in the medical industry generally, including, among others, companies engaged in cancer research and treatment, biopharmaceutical research and the development of medical instruments for therapeutic purposes. These companies may be large, medium or small in size if, in the Adviser’s opinion, the companies meet the Medical ETF’s investment criteria. Such companies include, but are not limited to, the following:

•Pharmaceutical Development: Companies that develop drugs and medications for the treatment and prevention of cancer and other disease.

•Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturers and Developers: Companies that produce, manufacture and develop the tools used by health care providers in the delivery of medical care and procedures for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

•Pharmaceutical Manufacturers: Companies that primarily engage in the mass production of existing drugs and medicines including drugs and medicines for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

•Biotech & Medical Research: Companies that primarily research and develop new methods and procedures in the provision of health care related services for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

The Medical ETF may invest up to 20% of its assets in high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments to maintain liquidity. Some of these short-term instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits and banker’s acceptances, U.S. government securities (i.e., U.S. Treasury obligations) and repurchase agreements.

The SPAC ETF

The SPAC ETF invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in Pre-Combination SPACs, together with the warrants or rights issued in connection with the IPO of Pre-Combination SPACs.

The SPAC ETF invests in units, stock, warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities (“SPACs”). Unless and until a Combination meeting the SPAC’s requirements is completed, a SPAC generally deposits substantially all of the cash raised in its IPO (less a specified amount to cover operating expenses) in a bank trust account which is generally invested in U.S. Government securities, money market securities and cash. If an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders. In addition, just prior to completion of an acquisition, shareholders of the SPAC can redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the value of the trust account. Because SPACs have no operating history or

ongoing business other than seeking a Combination, the value of their securities can vary on the perceived likelihood of management to identify and complete an attractive acquisition. However, until a SPAC is liquidated or completes a Combination, its common stock is unlikely to fall substantially below the per share value of the trust account. Nonetheless, SPAC shares are subject to secondary market risk and may decline in value if sold prior to deal completion or trust liquidation. If a Combination is completed, the former SPAC’s shares and other securities will take on the same risks as an equivalent investment in the acquired company. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may affect the volatility of their prices.

Rule 35d-1 Policies

The Blockchain Development ETF, the Medical ETF, and the SPAC ETF have each adopted a policy to comply with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act. Each such policy has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

Temporary Defensive Positions

To respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, a Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, and other money market instruments. The Adviser or Sub-Adviser also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, a Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective.

Principal Investment Risks

An investment in a Fund entails risks. A Fund could lose money, or its performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The following provides additional information about each Fund’s principal risks. It is important that investors closely review and understand these risks before making an investment in a Fund. Each risk applies to each Fund unless otherwise specified. Just as in each Fund’s summary section above, the principal risks below are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the applicable Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.

•Active Management Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The Fund is actively-managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments, interest rates, inflation, and other factors may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions. The Adviser expects to select for the Fund equity securities of companies that are expected to benefit, either directly or indirectly, from rising prices of real assets. To the extent the Adviser’s expectations for increases in the prices of real assets do not materialize, the Fund may underperform other funds. Similarly, if the Adviser’s judgments about the extent to which a company will benefit from increases in the prices of real assets prove to be incorrect, the value of such companies, and consequently the Fund, may decline.

•Associated Risk of Investing in Blockchain Development Companies (Blockchain Development ETF only). The Fund will invest in Blockchain Development Companies. At times, Blockchain Development Companies may be out of favor and underperform other industries or groups of industries or the market as a whole. In such event, the value of the Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares of a fund that invests in securities of companies in a broader range of industries. An investment in a Blockchain Development Company may be subject to the following risks:

a coordinated response. Additionally, blockchain functionality relies on the Internet. A significant disruption of Internet connectivity affecting large numbers of users or geographic areas could impede the functionality of blockchain technologies.

◦Emerging Technologies Investment Risk. The Fund invests primarily to gain exposure to the emerging technologies and related activities in the blockchain and digital assets ecosystems. Companies across a wide variety of industries, primarily in the technology, finance, and entertainment sectors, are exploring the possible applications of these technologies. Blockchain technology may never develop an optimization process that may lead to increased economic returns in which the Fund invests. The extent of such technologies’ versatility has not yet been fully explored. Consequently, the Fund’s holdings may include equity securities of operating companies that have exposure to a wide variety of industries, and the economic fortunes of certain companies held by the Fund may be significantly tied to such industries. Currently, there are few public companies for which these emerging technologies represent an attributable and significant revenue or profit stream, and such technologies may not ultimately have a material effect on the economic returns of companies in which the Fund invests.

◦Non-Fungible Tokens Ecosystem Company Risk. The value of NFTs may decline for short or long periods of time and may be volatile due to factors such as the desirability of the particular NFT, the availability of other similar NFTs, the accessibility of the blockchain used by the NFT, and general risks applicable to Blockchain Development Companies. Volatility in the value of NFTs may have a material adverse effect on a Blockchain Development Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operation.

Cryptocurrencies (also referred to as “virtual currencies” and “digital currencies”) are digital assets designed to act as a medium of exchange. Though there are many applications of blockchain technology outside of the digital currency industry, digital currencies remain a key driver of interest in blockchain technology. Cryptocurrency is an emerging asset class. There are thousands of cryptocurrencies, the most well-known of which is bitcoin. Cryptocurrency generally operates without a central authority (such as a bank) and is not backed by any government. Cryptocurrency is not legal tender. Federal, state and/or foreign governments may restrict the use and exchange of cryptocurrency, and regulation in the United States is still developing. The market price of bitcoin has been subject to extreme fluctuations. Similar to fiat currencies (i.e., a currency that is backed by a central bank or a national, supra-national or quasi-national organization), cryptocurrencies are susceptible to theft, loss, and destruction. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or permanently shut down due to fraud, technical glitches, hackers, or malware, which may also affect volatility.

◦Exposure to Cryptocurrency Risk. The Fund may have exposure to cryptocurrencies indirectly through investment in individual Blockchain Development Companies that have either direct or indirect exposure to cryptocurrencies, including cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin. To date, cryptocurrency markets have experienced extreme fluctuations and generally are characterized by significant volatility. The prices of cryptocurrencies could fall sharply (potentially to zero) for various reasons, including, but not limited to, regulatory changes, issues impacting the distributed ledger networks, events involving entities that facilitate transactions in cryptocurrency, or changes in user preferences in favor of alternative cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, events that impact one cryptocurrency may lead to a decline in the value of other cryptocurrencies within a short period of time. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated. Cryptocurrency exchanges may not have the same features as traditional exchanges to enhance the stability of trading on the exchange, such as measures designed to prevent sudden price swings such as “flash crashes.” As a result, the prices of cryptocurrencies on exchanges may be subject to greater volatility than traditional assets traded on regulated exchanges. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues also may be more vulnerable to fraud and failure, including financial failure due to extreme market volatility, than established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. The temporary or permanent closure of a cryptocurrency exchange or other trading venue with significant trading volume may significantly and adversely affect the value of cryptocurrencies. The Fund’s investments in Blockchain Development Companies with significant direct and indirect exposure to cryptocurrencies expose the Fund to all of the risks related to cryptocurrencies described above in addition to the risks related to the Blockchain Development Companies. Cryptocurrency volatility may have a material adverse effect on a Blockchain Development Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operation.

•Associated Risks of Investing in the Medical Industry (Medical ETF only). Medical and pharmaceutical-related companies in general are subject to the rate of change in technology, which is generally higher than that of other industries. Similarly, cancer research-related industries use many products and services of companies engaged in medical and pharmaceutical-related activities and are also subject to relatively high risks of rapid obsolescence caused by progressive scientific and technological advances. Medical research and development also is subject to strict regulatory scrutiny and ongoing legislative action.

•Associated Risks of Pre-Combination SPACs (SPAC ETF only). The Fund invests in equity securities and rights and warrants of SPACs, which raise assets to seek potential Combination opportunities. Unless and until a Combination is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. If a Combination that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time (e.g., 18-24 months), the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders. A Pre-Combination SPAC may extend the time to consummate a Combination. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking Combinations, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable Combination. Public stockholders of SPACs may not be afforded a meaningful opportunity to vote on a proposed initial Combination because certain stockholders, including stockholders affiliated with the management of the SPAC, may have sufficient voting power, and a financial incentive, to approve such a transaction without support from public stockholders. As a result, a Pre-Combination SPAC may complete a Combination even though a majority of its public stockholders do not support such a Combination. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete a Combination or that any Combinations that are completed will be profitable. A SPAC may enter into a Combination with affiliates of its sponsor which could create a stronger incentive for the sponsor to approve the Combination. Some SPACs may pursue Combinations only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. A SPAC may restrict holders from redeeming more than a certain percentage of the outstanding

public shares in order to discourage holders from accumulating large blocks of shares. Some SPACs may seek shareholder approval for a Combination and might have different redemption terms depending on whether the shareholder votes for, against, or abstains for the approval of the proposed Combination. In addition, these securities, which are typically traded in the over-the-counter market, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. SPACs may also encounter intense competition from other entities having a similar business objective, such as private investors or investment vehicles and other SPACs, competing for the same Combination opportunities, which could make completing an attractive Combination more difficult. While the terms of warrants issued by SPACs will vary, to the extent warrants are exercisable prior to a business combination, the holders of a SPAC’s common stock may be subject to dilution which could reduce the holder’s proportional ownership in the SPAC.

•Below Investment Grade Bonds Risk (Medical ETF only). Securities rated “BB+” or below by S&P or “Ba1” or below by Moody’s are known as high yield securities and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Such securities entail greater price volatility and credit and interest rate risk than investment-grade securities. Analysis of the creditworthiness of high yield issuers is more complex than for higher-rated securities, making it more difficult for the Adviser to accurately predict risk. There is a greater risk with high yield fixed income securities that an issuer will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. If the Fund pursues missed payments, there is a risk that Fund expenses could increase. In addition, lower-rated securities may not trade as often and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities, especially during periods of economic uncertainty or change. As a result of all of these factors, these securities are generally considered to be speculative.

•Concentration Risk. To the extent a Fund concentrates (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) its investments in a limited number of issuers conducting business in the same industry or group of related industries, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting that industry or group of related industries than a fund that invests its assets more broadly. The Blockchain Development ETF and the Medical ETF each concentrate their investments in securities issued by companies in one or more of the industries described below, as specified in the Fund Summary section. As a result of concentrating in a particular industry or group of related industries, the Blockchain Development ETF and the Medical ETF are subject to the risks associated with those industries.

◦Capital Markets Industry (Blockchain Development ETF only). Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and may continue to be, volatile due to a variety of factors, including significant write-offs in the Financials Sector. In volatile times, the cost of raising capital in the debt and equity capital markets, and the ability to raise capital, may be impacted. In particular, concerns about the general stability of financial markets and specifically the solvency of lending counterparties, may impact the cost of raising capital from the credit markets through increased interest rates, tighter lending standards, difficulties in refinancing debt on existing terms or at all and reduced, or in some cases ceasing to provide, funding to borrowers. In addition, lending counterparties under existing revolving credit facilities and other debt instruments may be unwilling or unable to meet their funding obligations.

◦Medical Research, Pharmaceutical and Technology Industries Risk (Medical ETF only). Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries, as traditionally defined, spend heavily on research and development, and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. These industries are subject to a significant amount of governmental regulation, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have a material adverse effect on these industries. This regulation requires significant investments in time and funds to maintain compliance. The process of obtaining government approvals can be long and costly, and the process is accompanied by significant uncertainty. Companies in which the Fund may invest in may not currently have any marketed or approved products and may never have marketed or approved products; companies may not be able to maintain any regulatory approvals that they obtain for their products or their products may not be accepted by patients or providers. In addition, unanticipated problems often arise in connection with the development and marketing of new products, and many such efforts are ultimately unsuccessful. Companies in these sectors may not be able to obtain adequate pricing and reimbursement levels for any marketed products, impeding their ability to generate a profit. Companies may also have difficulty manufacturing, marketing, and distributing their products, or may have regulatory authority-imposed restrictions on their ability to do so. Companies may further face product liability and other actions should their products be less safe or efficacious than believed, should they be deemed to have engaged in misleading practices, or should a person that received their product otherwise experience harm or injury. Moreover, companies in the pharmaceutical industries are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting and rebating. The profitability of some companies in these industries may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Pharmaceutical products are subject to government approvals, regulation, and reimbursement rates. Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries are subject to risks of new technologies and competitive pressures and are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.

•Convertible Securities Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Blockchain Development ETF and Medical ETF only). Convertible securities are subject to the risks affecting both equity and fixed income securities, including market, credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.

•Currency Exchange Rate Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Blockchain Development ETF and Medical ETF only). The Funds may invest in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that provide exposure to such currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of a Fund’s investment and the value of your Shares. The value of the U.S. dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, and global energy prices. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in a Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.

•Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as a Fund) and their service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause a Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of a Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or a Fund’s other service providers, market makers, APs, a Fund’s primary listing exchange or the issuers of securities in which such Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of shareholder or other transactions, affect a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject a Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of a Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. A Fund also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management to prevent cyber incidents in the future. A Fund and its respective shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

•Depositary Receipt Risk (Blockchain Development ETF and Medical ETF only). The Fund may hold the securities of non-U.S. companies in the form of depositary receipts, including ADRs, GDRs and IDRs. ADRs are negotiable certificates issued by a U.S. financial institution that represent a specified number of shares in a foreign stock and trade on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Sponsored ADRs are issued with the support of the issuer of the foreign stock underlying the ADRs and carry all of the rights of common shares, including voting rights. GDRs are similar to ADRs but may be issued in bearer form and are typically offered for sale globally and held by a foreign branch of an international bank. IDRs are a negotiable certificate issued by a bank. It represents ownership of a number of shares of stock in a foreign company that the bank holds in trust. The underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. Issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not contractually obligated to disclose material information in the U.S. and, therefore, such information may not correlate to the market value of the unsponsored depositary receipt. The underlying securities of the ADRs and GDRs in the Fund’s portfolio are usually denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As a result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, because the underlying securities of ADRs and GDRs trade on foreign exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, the value of the securities underlying the ADRs and GDRs may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, regardless of whether there is an active U.S. market for Shares.

•Derivatives Risk (Medical ETF only). The Fund may invest in derivatives, including in particular options contracts, to pursue its investment objective. The use of derivatives may expose the Fund to risks in addition to and greater than those associated with investing directly in the instruments underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, correlation (imperfect correlations with underlying instruments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings), high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives also may expose the Fund to the performance of securities that the Fund does not own. To the extent the Fund engages in derivatives in an attempt to hedge certain exposures or risks, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging investments or transactions will be effective. In addition, hedging investments or transactions involve costs and may reduce gains or result in losses, which may adversely affect the Fund. The skills necessary to successfully execute derivatives strategies may be different from those for more traditional portfolio management techniques, and if the Adviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of derivatives also could result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited. Use of derivatives also may cause the Fund to be subject to additional regulations, which may generate additional Fund expenses. These practices also entail transactional expenses and may

cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Fund had not engaged in such transactions. Certain of the derivatives in which the Fund invests may trade (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. OTC derivatives are complex and often valued subjectively, which exposes the Fund to heightened liquidity, mispricing and valuation risks. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund. In addition, OTC derivative instruments are often highly customized and tailored to meet the needs of the Fund and its trading counterparties. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price. As a result and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts. Certain derivatives are subject to mandatory exchange trading and/or clearing, which exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the clearing broker or clearinghouse. While exchange trading and central clearing are intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and to increase liquidity, they do not make derivatives transactions risk-free.

◦Options Risk. Selling (writing) and buying options are speculative activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. A Fund’s use of put options can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, which may be magnified by certain features of the options. When selling a put option, a Fund will receive a premium; however, this premium may not be enough to offset a loss incurred by such Fund if the price of the underlying asset is below the strike price by an amount equal to or greater than the premium. Purchasing of put options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. Purchasing a put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset at a fixed exercise price over a defined period of time. Purchased put options may expire worthless resulting in a Fund’s loss of the premium it paid for the option.

The value of an option may be adversely affected if the market for the option becomes less liquid or smaller, and will be affected by changes in the value or yield of the option’s underlying asset, an increase in interest rates, a change in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock market or the underlying asset and the remaining time to expiration. Additionally, the value of an option does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying asset. A Fund’s use of options may reduce such Fund’s ability to profit from increases in the value of the underlying asset. If the price of the underlying asset of an option is above the strike price of a written put option, the value of the option, and consequently of a Fund, may decline significantly more than if such Fund invested directly in the underlying asset instead of using options. When the Fund sells an option, it gains the amount of the premium it receives, but also incurs a liability representing the value of the option it has sold until the option is either exercised and finishes “in the money,” meaning it has value and can be sold, or the option expires worthless, or the expiration of the option is “rolled,” or extended forward. The value of the options in which the Fund invests is based partly on the volatility used by market participants to price such options (i.e., implied volatility). Accordingly, increases in the implied volatility of such options will cause the value of such options to increase (even if the prices of the options’ underlying stocks do not change), which will result in a corresponding increase in the liabilities of the Fund under such options and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV.

The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will affect the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund’s operation and/or change the competitive landscape. The SEC recently adopted and implemented a new rule governing a fund’s use of derivatives. The new rule, among other things, generally requires a fund to adopt a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager to oversee the program and comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value at risk, or “VaR.” The new rule has significantly changed the regulatory framework applicable to the Fund’s use of derivatives, including by replacing the prior asset segregation regulatory framework in its entirety. Complying with the new rule may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may increase costs related to the Fund’s use of derivatives.

•Emerging Markets Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and instruments. For example, developing and emerging markets may be subject to (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume and liquidity, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards, (vi) fewer protections of property rights, (vii) fewer investor rights and limited legal or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies, (viii) restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency, and (ix) settlement and trading practices that differ from those in U.S. markets. Each of these factors may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value.

•Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.

The respiratory illness COVID-19 has spread globally for over two years, resulting in a global pandemic and major disruption to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. During this time, financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted or suspended. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. Governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the U.S., have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. The impact of these measures, and whether they will be effective to mitigate the economic and market disruption, will not be known for some time. However, the rapid COVID-19 vaccination rollout in the United States and certain other developed countries, coupled with the passage of stimulus programs in the U.S. and abroad, have resulted in the re-opening of businesses, a reduction in quarantine and masking requirements, increased consumer demand, and the resumption of in-person schooling, travel and events. As a result, many global economies, including the U.S. economy, have either re-opened fully or decreased significantly the number of public safety measures in place that are designed to mitigate virus transmission. Despite these positive trends, the prevalence of new COVID-19 variants, a failure to achieve herd immunity, or other unforeseen circumstances may result in the continued spread of the virus throughout unvaccinated populations or a resurgence in infections among vaccinated individuals. As a result, it remains unclear if recent positive trends will continue in developed markets and whether such trends will spread world-wide to countries with limited access to effective vaccines that are still experiencing rising COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths.

•ETF Risks. Each Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, is exposed to the following risks:

◦APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Funds have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

◦Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in a Fund, asset swings in a Fund, and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

◦Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate a Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage opportunities. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when a Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums and discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

◦Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500® Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.

•Fixed Income Risk (Medical ETF only). Current market conditions and the actions of governmental authorities and regulators in response to COVID-19 and its far-reaching effects present heightened risks to the fixed income market generally. Such risks could be further heightened if such market conditions become more volatile or the governmental and regulatory actions are unexpectedly or suddenly reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. In addition, the current environment is exposing fixed-income and debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments.

◦Credit Risk. Debt issuers and other counterparties may not honor their obligations or may have their debt downgraded by ratings agencies. This risk may be especially acute with respect to high yield securities, whose issuers are particularly susceptible to failure to meet repayment obligations principal under current conditions. An issuer may suffer adverse changes in its financial condition or be adversely affected by economic, political or social conditions that could lower the credit quality (or the market’s perception of the credit quality) of a security, leading to greater volatility in the price of the security and the value of the Fund. A change in the credit quality rating of a security can affect its liquidity and make it more difficult for the Fund to sell. Although credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of a security, a change in the credit quality rating of a security or an issuer can have a rapid, adverse effect on the instrument’s liquidity and make it more difficult for the Fund to sell at an advantageous price or time. The risk of the occurrence of these types of events is especially heightened under current conditions. Any applicable limitation on the credit quality of a security in which the Fund may invest is applied at the time such Fund purchases the security.

Credit quality is a measure of the issuer’s expected ability to make all required interest and principal payments in a timely manner. An issuer with the highest credit rating has a very strong capacity with respect to making all payments. An issuer with the second highest credit rating has a strong capacity to make all payments, but the degree of safety is somewhat less. An issuer with the lowest credit quality rating may be in default or have extremely poor prospects of making timely payment of interest and principal. Investment grade securities are fixed-income securities that have been determined by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization to have a medium to high probability of being paid (although there is always a risk of default), or which, if unrated, have been determined by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser to be of comparable quality. If nationally recognized statistical rating organizations assign different ratings to the same security, the Fund will use the higher rating for purposes of determining the security’s credit quality.

◦Extension Risk. During periods of rising interest rates, certain debt obligations will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income and potentially in the value of the Fund’s investments. During periods when credit spreads are increasing, certain CLO debt tranches may be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income and potentially in the value of the Fund’s investments.

◦Interest Rate Risk. An increase in interest rates may cause the value of fixed-income securities held by the Fund to decline. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent historically low rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. Longer term fixed income instruments and zero coupon bonds are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter-term fixed income instruments. Generally, the longer the average maturity of the fixed income investments in the Fund, the more such Fund’s share price will fluctuate in response to interest rate changes. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates. Securities with floating interest rates, such as syndicated bank loans, generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much or as fast as interest rates in general. Changes in government or central bank policy, including changes in tax policy or changes in a central bank’s implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates, and could have an adverse effect on prices for fixed income securities and on the performance of the Fund. In particular, interest rates in the U.S. are at or near historically low levels and as a result, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate risk. Any unexpected or sudden reversal of the fiscal policy underlying current interest rate levels could adversely affect the value of the Fund. There can be no guarantee that any particular government or central bank policy will be continued, discontinued or changed, nor that any such policy will have the desired effect on interest rates.

There is a risk that interest rates across the financial system may change, sometimes unpredictably, in response to a variety of factors, such as central bank monetary policies, inflation rates and general economic conditions. Very low or negative interest rates may magnify the Fund’s susceptibility to interest rate risk and diminish yield and performance (e.g., during periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns). Changes in fixed-income or related market conditions, including the potential for changes to interest rates and negative interest rates, may expose fixed-income or related markets to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments, which may be difficult to sell at favorable times or prices, causing the value of the Fund’s investments and NAV per share to decline. A rise in general interest rates also may result in increased redemptions from the Fund. Very low, negative or changing interest rates also may

have unpredictable effects on securities markets in general, directly or indirectly affecting the Fund’s investments, yield and performance.

•Foreign Securities Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Blockchain Development ETF and Medical ETF only). Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting, and investor protection standards than US. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when a Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are close. These and other factors can make investments in a Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

•Frontier Markets Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). Certain foreign markets are only in the earliest stages of development and may be considered “frontier markets.” Frontier financial markets generally are less liquid and more volatile than other markets, including markets in developing and emerging economies. Frontier markets have a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries. Securities may have limited marketability and be subject to erratic price movements. Frontier market governments typically exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest company in the country. Accordingly, governmental actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in frontier market countries. This could affect private sector companies and the Fund, as well as the value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Further, substantial limitations may exist in certain frontier market countries with respect to the Fund’s ability to protect its legal interests and ability to repatriate its investment, investment income or capital gains. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investment. Procedures concerning transaction settlement and dividend collection may be less reliable than in developed markets and larger emerging markets. Frontier markets have been, and may continue to be, impacted by political instability, war, terrorist activities and religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. These and other factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than investing in developed market or emerging market countries.

•Geographic Investment Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF and Blockchain Development ETF only). To the extent a Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

◦Australia-Specific Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). Because investments in the metals and mining industry may be geographically concentrated in Australian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Australia, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Australian economy. Investments in Australian issuers may subject the Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Australia. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes the Australian economy susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australia is also dependent on trading with key trading partners.

◦Canada-Specific Risk. Because a Fund may have significant exposure to Canadian companies or companies that have a significant presence in Canada, investment results could be dependent on the financial condition of the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy.

◦Europe-Specific Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The economies of Europe are highly dependent on each other, both as key trading partners and as in many cases as fellow members maintaining the euro. Reduction in trading activity among European countries may cause an adverse impact on each nation’s individual economies. European countries that are part of the Economic and Monetary Union of the EU are required to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels, and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and recessions in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners.

The European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about increased government debt levels of several European countries, including Greece, Spain, Ireland, Italy, and Portugal. These events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect every country in Europe. For some countries, the ability to repay sovereign debt is in question, and default is possible, which could affect their ability to borrow in the future. Furthermore, there is the possibility of contagion that could occur if one country defaults on its debt, and that a default in one country could trigger declines and possible additional defaults in other countries in the region.

Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro, the common currency of the EU, and/or withdraw from the EU alongside the UK, as discussed below. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.

•Limited Operating History Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). The Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

•Liquidity Risk (Medical ETF and SPAC ETF only). Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that a Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, a Fund may have to accept a lesser price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on a Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

In addition, during periods of reduced market liquidity or in the absence of readily available market quotations for particular investments in a Fund’s portfolio, the ability of a Fund to assign an accurate daily value to these investments may be difficult and the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may be required to fair value the investments. Fair value determinations are inherently subjective and reflect good faith judgments based on available information. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the determination of a security’s fair value in accordance with a Fund’s valuation procedures will in fact approximate the price at which such Fund could sell that security at that time (i.e., the sale price could differ, sometimes significantly, from the Fund’s last valuation for the security). Investors who purchase or redeem shares of a Fund on days when such Fund is holding fair valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the Fund had not fair valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. These risks may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment and if a Fund holds a significant percentage of fair valued or otherwise difficult to value securities, such Fund may be particularly susceptible to the risks associated with valuation.

Liquidity risk also refers to the risk of unusually high redemption requests, redemption requests by certain large shareholders such as institutional investors or asset allocators, or other unusual market conditions that may make it difficult for a Fund to sell investments within the allowable time period to meet redemptions. Meeting such redemption requests could require a Fund to sell securities at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions or access additional means of liquidity, which would reduce the value of such Fund. This risk is especially acute under current market conditions.

•Management Risk. Each Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Adviser’s or Sub-Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding issuers, securities, and other factors may not successfully achieve a Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions.

•Market Capitalization Risk

◦Large-Capitalization Investing Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF and Blockchain Development ETF only). The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some medium capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, financial resources, and management personnel and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to large-capitalization companies.

◦Small-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some small capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Small-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.

•Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. A Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors, including public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the performance of a Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted economies and markets around the world, including the United States. The pandemic has resulted in a wide range of social and economic disruptions, including closed borders, voluntary or compelled quarantines of large populations, stressed healthcare systems, reduced or prohibited domestic or international travel, supply chain disruptions, and so-called “stay-at-home” orders throughout much of the United States and many other countries. Financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. Such disruptions may continue for an extended period of time or reoccur in the future to a similar or greater extent. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. In response to these disruptions, the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve have taken extraordinary actions to support the domestic economy and financial markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

•MLP Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). MLP investment returns are enhanced during periods of declining or low interest rates and tend to be negatively influenced when interest rates are rising. In addition, most MLPs are leveraged investments and are subject to interest rate risk as higher interest rates generally result in increased costs associated with MLPs’ floating rate debt. As such, a significant upward swing in interest rates would also drive interest expense higher. Furthermore, most MLPs grow by acquisitions partly financed by debt, and higher interest rates could make it more difficult to make acquisitions. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations. Accordingly, those MLPs may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. MLP investments also entail many of the general tax risks of investing in a partnership. Limited partners in an MLP typically have limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. Additionally, there is always the risk that an MLP will fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment. MLPs may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. Changes in existing laws, regulations or enforcement policies governing the sectors in which MLPs operate could significantly increase the compliance costs of MLPs.

•New Strategy Risk (SPAC ETF only). The Fund may not be successful in implementing its new investment strategy, and its investment strategy may not be successful under all future market conditions, either of which could result in the Fund being liquidated at some future time without shareholder approval and/or at a time that may not be favorable for certain shareholders. New strategies may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment, trading or other efficiencies.

•Non-Diversification Risk. Because each Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on such Fund’s performance.

•Other Investment Companies Risk (Medical ETF only). A Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, such as ETFs. The risks of investment in these securities typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment company invests. When a Fund invests in investment company securities, shareholders of such Fund bear indirectly their proportionate share of their fees and expenses, as well as their share of such Fund’s fees and expenses. As a result, an investment by a Fund in an investment company could cause such Fund’s operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the investment company) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the investment company. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the “ETF Risks” described above.

•Portfolio Turnover Risk (SPAC ETF only). Because the Fund may “turn over” some or all of its options as frequently as monthly, the Fund may incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups in the bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect. While the turnover of the warrants is not deemed “portfolio turnover” for accounting purposes, the economic impact to the Fund is similar to what could occur if the Fund experienced high portfolio turnover (e.g., in excess of 100% per year).

•Real Assets Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The Fund’s investments in securities linked to real assets involve significant risks, including financial, operating, and competitive risks. Investments in securities linked to real assets expose the Fund to adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as changes and volatility in commodity prices, a rise in interest rates or a downturn in the economy in which the asset is located, elevating the risk of loss. Changes in inflation rates or in the market’s inflation expectations may adversely affect the market value of inflation-sensitive equities.

•Royalty Trusts Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The Fund may invest in publicly traded royalty trusts. Royalty trusts are special purpose vehicles organized as investment trusts created to make investments in operating companies or their cash flows. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand for the royalty trust’s underlying commodity could adversely affect income and royalty trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields. Further, because natural resources are depleting assets, the income-producing ability of a royalty trust will eventually be exhausted and the royalty trust will need to raise or retain funds to make new acquisitions to maintain its value. The Fund’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses in addition to paying Fund expenses.

•Sector Risk. The Funds’ investing approach may result in an emphasis on certain sectors or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent a Fund invests more heavily in one sector or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of Shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of a fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. A Fund’s performance could also be affected if the sectors or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or sub-sectors may adversely affect performance.

◦Communication Services Sector Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). Market or economic factors impacting communication services companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a major effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. Communication services companies are particularly vulnerable to the potential obsolescence of products and services due to technological advancement and the innovation of competitors. Companies in the communication services sector may also be affected by other competitive pressures, such as pricing competition, as well as research and development costs, substantial capital requirements and government regulation. Additionally, fluctuating domestic and international demand, shifting demographics and often unpredictable changes in consumer tastes can drastically affect a communication services company’s profitability. Stocks of communication services companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Additionally, companies in the communication services sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. While all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the communication services sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.

◦Energy Sector Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The energy sector is comprised of energy, energy industrial, energy infrastructure, and energy logistics companies, and will therefore be susceptible to adverse economic, environmental,

business, regulatory, or other occurrences affecting that sector. The energy sector has historically experienced substantial price volatility. At times, the performance of these investments may lag the performance of other sectors or the market as a whole. Companies operating in the energy sector are subject to specific risks, including, among others, fluctuations in commodity prices; reduced consumer demand for commodities such as oil, natural gas, or petroleum products; reduced availability of natural gas or other commodities for transporting, processing, storing, or delivering; slowdowns in new construction; extreme weather or other natural disasters; and threats of attack by terrorists on energy assets. Additionally, energy sector companies are subject to substantial government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment for energy companies may adversely impact their profitability. Certain energy sector companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. Changes in existing laws, regulations, or enforcement policies governing the energy sector could significantly increase the compliance costs of such companies. Such companies could, from time to time, be held responsible for implementing remediation measures, the cost of which may not be recoverable from insurance. Over time, depletion of natural gas reserves and other energy reserves may also affect the profitability of energy companies. The above factors may change quickly and without warning and may negatively impact the value of the Fund and your investment.

◦Financials Sector Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). The financials sector includes companies involved in such activities as banking, commercial and consumer finance, investment banking, brokerage, asset management, custody and insurance. Companies in the financials sector may be subject to extensive government regulation that affects the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and the amount of capital they must maintain. The profitability of companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates. The profitability of companies in the financials sector may be adversely affected by loan losses, which usually increase in economic downturns. In addition, the financials sector in certain countries is undergoing numerous changes, including continuing consolidations, development of new products and structures and changes to its regulatory framework, which may have an impact on the issuers included in the Fund. Furthermore, increased government involvement in the financials sector, including measures such as taking ownership positions in financial institutions, could result in a dilution of the Fund’s investments in financial institutions.

◦Information Technology Sector Risk (Blockchain Development ETF only). Market or economic factors impacting information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. The value of stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability. Additionally, companies in the technology sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel.

◦Manufacturing Sector (Medical ETF only). Companies in the Manufacturing Sector can be significantly affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for Manufacturing Sector products in general; a decline in demand for products due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction; government regulation, world events and economic conditions; and the risks associated with potential environmental damage and product liability claims.

•Securities Exchange Companies Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). The Fund’s investments in securities exchange companies subject it to more risks as compared to a fund that invests in a wider variety of companies. For instance, various factors may significantly affect securities exchange companies, including economic, political and geopolitical market conditions; legislative and regulatory changes, including any direct or indirect restrictions on or increased costs associated with trading in the markets; broad trends in the industry and financial markets; changes in price levels, trading volumes and volatility in the derivatives, cash and OTC markets and in their underlying markets; shifts in demand or supply in commodities underlying their products; and competition.

•Tax Risk (Inflation Beneficiaries ETF only). In order to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded to RICs, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from certain categories of income (“qualifying income”) and must satisfy certain asset diversification requirements. Certain of the Fund’s investments, including certain investments in royalty trusts, may generate income that is not qualifying income. The Fund will seek to restrict its income from such investments that do not generate qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income) to comply with the qualifying income requirement for the Fund to qualify as a RIC under the Code. However, the Fund may generate more non-qualifying income than anticipated, may not be able to generate qualifying income in a particular taxable year at levels sufficient to meet the qualifying income requirement, or may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments. Accordingly, the extent to which the Fund invests in real assets, including commodities, and royalty trusts may be limited by the qualifying income requirement, which the Fund must continue to satisfy to maintain its status as a RIC. Failure to comply with the qualifying income requirement would have significant negative tax consequences to Fund shareholders. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may be able to cure a failure

to meet the qualifying income requirement, but in order to do so the Fund may incur significant Fund-level taxes, which would effectively reduce (and could eliminate) the Fund’s returns.

•Tax Risk (Medical ETF only). The writing of call options by a Fund may significantly reduce or eliminate its ability to make distributions eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income for non-corporate shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Covered call options may also be subject to the federal tax rules applicable to straddles under the Code. In addition, positions held by a Fund were treated as “straddles” for federal income tax purposes, or a Fund’s risk of loss with respect to a position was otherwise diminished as set forth in Treasury regulations, dividends on stocks that are a part of such positions would not constitute qualified dividend income subject to such favorable income tax treatment in the hands of non-corporate shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders. In addition, generally, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of a Fund’s recognition of gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) any loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that a Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) a Fund’s holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that are part of a mixed straddle and that are not subject to Section 1256 of the Code be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred.

•Warrants and Rights Risk (SPAC ETF only). The Fund may receive warrants or rights in connection with purchasing equity securities, specifically SPAC Units. Investments in warrants or rights are pure speculation in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. The prices of warrants or rights do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities. Warrants or rights involve the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of the warrant if the warrant is not exercised or sold prior to its expiration. They also involve the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant or right added to the subscription price of the related security may be greater than the value of the subscribed security’s market price. If the Fund holds warrants or rights associated with a SPAC that does not complete a business combination within the designated time period, the warrants or rights held by the Fund will expire and lose all value.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

Information about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf. A complete description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”).

MANAGEMENT

Investment Adviser

Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC, located at 470 Park Avenue South, 3rd Floor South, New York, New York 10016, serves as the investment adviser for the Funds. The Adviser, subject to the oversight of the Board, provides an investment management program for the Funds and manages the day-to-day investment of each Fund’s assets. The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises, and administers each Fund’s investment program. In particular, the Adviser provides investment and operational oversight of the Sub-Adviser for the SPAC ETF. The Adviser also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration, distribution and all other services necessary for the Funds to operate. The Adviser is an SEC-registered investment adviser that offers a broad range of portfolio management, portfolio advisory and other business activities. As of December 31, 2022, the Adviser had approximately $7.9 billion in assets under management.

For the services it provides to the Funds, the Adviser is entitled to a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on each Fund’s average daily net assets as set forth in the table below.


Fund			Management Fee
Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF			0.85%
Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF			0.85%
Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF			0.85%
Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF			0.85%

Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Funds except the fee payable to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions

and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, and distribution (12b-1) fees and expenses (if any).

The basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Inflation Beneficiaries ETF and the Blockchain Development ETF is available in the Funds’ Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2022. The basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Medical ETF and the SPAC ETF will be available in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.

Manager of Managers Structure

The Fund and the Adviser intend to apply for exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board to change or select new sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief would also permit the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with a sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of a sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any sub-adviser changes. Unless and until such exemptive relief is granted and the Fund’s reliance on such relief is approved by Fund shareholders, shareholder approval will be required for changes in a sub-adviser agreement or for the addition of a new sub-adviser.

Sub-Adviser to the SPAC ETF

Ryan Heritage, LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership located at Park 80 West - Plaza Two, 250 Pehle Avenue, Suite 708, Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the SPAC ETF. An SEC-registered investment adviser formed in 2021, the Sub-Adviser is owned by Andrew Dakos and Phillip Goldstein.

Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the SPAC ETF, the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Sub-Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the SPAC ETF, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. For its services, the Sub-Adviser is entitled to a fee paid by the Adviser from its management fee, which fee is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.425% based on the average daily net assets of the SPAC ETF.

The basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the SPAC ETF will be available in the SPAC ETF’s Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.

To the extent that a reference in this Prospectus refers to the Adviser, with respect to the SPAC ETF, such reference should also be read to refer to Ryan Heritage, LLP, where the context requires.

Portfolio Managers

The individuals identified below are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio:


Fund			Portfolio Manager

Inflation Beneficiaries ETF			Peter B. Doyle
			Murray Stahl
			Steven Bregman
			James Davolos
			Brandon Colavita

Blockchain Development ETF			Peter B. Doyle
			Murray Stahl
			Steven Bregman
			James Davolos
			Brandon Colavita

Medical ETF			Peter B. Doyle
			B. Paul Abel

SPAC Active ETF			Philip Goldstein
			Andrew Dakos
			Rajeev Das

Peter B. Doyle is a Managing Director of the Adviser, the President of Kinetic Mutual Funds, Inc., and is a Portfolio Manager for each Fund. In 1994, he co-founded Horizon and in 1996, he co-founded Kinetics Asset Management LLC (“Kinetics”). From 1996 through 2011, Mr. Doyle was a dual employee of both Horizon and Kinetics. In April 2019, Kinetics reorganized into Horizon and was renamed Horizon Kinetics Asset Management, LLC.

Murray Stahl is the Chairman and Chief Investment Strategist of the Adviser, and co-manages the Blockchain Development ETF. In 1994, he co-founded Horizon Asset Management LLC (“Horizon”) and, in 1996, he co-founded Kinetics Asset Management LLC (“Kinetics”). From 1996 through 2011, Mr. Stahl was a dual employee of both Horizon and Kinetics. In April 2019, Kinetics reorganized into Horizon and was renamed Horizon Kinetics Asset Management, LLC.

Steven Bregman is the President of the Adviser and is a Portfolio Manager for each Fund. In 1994, he co-founded Horizon Asset Management LLC (“Horizon”) and currently serves as President and Director of Research for Horizon Kinetics LLC. In April 2019, Kinetics reorganized into Horizon and was renamed Horizon Kinetics Asset Management, LLC.

James Davolos is a Portfolio Manager for each Fund. He joined Kinetics as an analyst in 2005, and became a Portfolio Manager of Kinetics in 2006, focusing on, among other things, emerging markets. In April 2019, Kinetics reorganized into Horizon and was renamed Horizon Kinetics Asset Management, LLC.

Brandon Colavita is a Portfolio Manager for the Adviser , and co-manages the Blockchain Development ETF. He joined the Adviser in 2014 and is a member of the firm’s ESG committee. Mr. Colavita is involved in developing research and investment ideas, and is responsible for portfolio analytics and client relationship management. He received a B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and is a CFA® charterholder.

B. Paul Abel is Senior Portfolio Manager of the Adviser. He is responsible for research and analysis of developing scientific technologies and innovations in the medical and bio-pharmaceutical industries. Prior to joining the firm in 1999, Mr. Abel was with Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1989 to 1999, where he researched, developed and implemented technical and scientific programs and systems in the areas of nuclear physics, computer programming and industrial design. During that time, he also provided freelance writing services for the Academic Science and News Review, reporting and offering insight on a myriad of issues and developments in the fields of science and technology. Mr. Abel earned a Master’s degree in Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering from Manhattan College in 1994 and a Bachelor’s degree in Physics from SUNY, Stony Brook in 1987.

Philip Goldstein is a Partner of the Sub-Adviser, which he co-founded in 2019. Mr. Goldstein also co-founded Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, in 1993, and is a Principal of the firm and its lead investment strategist. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 1966 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree and from City College, New York in 1968 with a Master of Engineering degree. Mr. Goldstein appears on television and is widely quoted on closed-end funds, SPACs, and shareholder activism.

Andrew Dakos is a Partner of the Sub-Adviser, which he co-founded in 2019. Mr. Dakos has also served as a Principal and Partner in Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, since 1999. He graduated from the University of Delaware in 1988 with a BS in Business Administration.

Rajeev Das has served as a Principal of the Sub-Adviser since 2019. Mr. Das has also served a Portfolio Manager and Head of Trading for Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, since 1997. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of Bombay in 1989 and a Master of Arts in Economics from New York University in 1999. Mr. Das is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).

The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation structure, other accounts managed by each Portfolio Manager, and each Portfolio Manager’s ownership of Shares.

Other Service Providers

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of each Fund’s Shares. The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor will not distribute shares in less than whole Creation Units, and it does not maintain a secondary market in the Shares. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by a Fund and is not affiliated with the Adviser or any of its affiliates.

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the administrator and transfer agent for the Funds.

U.S. Bank National Association, located at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian for the Funds.

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

Cohen & Company, Ltd., located at 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.

HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES

Each Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to a Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Funds’ transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

Book Entry

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares

The Funds impose no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly from the Funds, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and lead to the realization of capital gains. The Funds’ fair valuation of their holdings consistent with the 1940 Act and Rule 2a-5 thereunder and their ability to impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Funds in effecting trades help to minimize the potential adverse consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions.

Determination of Net Asset Value

Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV for a Fund is calculated by dividing the applicable Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.

In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. For example, a Fund generally values equity securities at their readily available market quotations. If such information is not available for an investment held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the investment will be valued by the Adviser at fair value pursuant to procedures established by the Adviser and approved by the Board (as described below).

Fair Value Pricing

The Adviser has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Funds pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee, the Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an

investment held by a Fund, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the Adviser. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s determined fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other sources. In addition, a Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if the Fund were to sell such investment at or near the time its fair value is determined.

Investments by Registered Investment Companies

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder restrict investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in a Fund beyond the limits set forth in section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Funds.

Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding

Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

Dividends and Distributions

Each Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. Each Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions in cash, if any. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.

Taxes

The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. This summary does not apply to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.

Each Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).

Taxes on Distributions

Each Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by a Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. Qualified dividend income generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S.

possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. For such dividends to be taxed as qualified dividend income to a non-corporate shareholder, a Fund must satisfy certain holding period requirements with respect to the underlying stock and the non-corporate shareholder must satisfy holding period requirements with respect to his or her ownership of such Fund’s Shares. Holding periods may be suspended for these purposes for stock that is hedged. Certain of the Funds’ investment strategies may limit their ability to distribute dividends eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of non-corporate shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

To the extent that a Fund makes a distribution of income received by such Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

A RIC that receives business interest income may pass through its net business interest income for purposes of the tax rules applicable to the interest expense limitations under Section 163(j) of the Code. A RIC’s total “Section 163(j) Interest Dividend” for a tax year is limited to the excess of the RIC’s business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. A RIC may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, which would allow the recipient shareholder to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining such shareholder’s interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j). This can potentially increase the amount of a shareholder’s interest expense deductible under Section 163(j). In general, to be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) Interest Dividend as interest income, you must have held your shares in a Fund for more than 180 days during the 361-day period beginning on the date that is 180 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend. Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, if so designated by a Fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”).

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and character of any distributions received from a Fund.

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).

You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of your Shares from non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Different tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder engaged in a trade or business within the United States or if a tax treaty applies.

A Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.

Taxes When Shares Are Sold on the Exchange

Provided that a shareholder holds Shares as capital assets, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale or exchange of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

The cost basis of Shares of a Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.

Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units

An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss might be deductible.

A Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. A Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

Net Investment Income Tax

U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

Investments in Complex Securities

The Funds may invest in complex securities and these investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect a Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Funds are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Funds and/or defer the Funds’ ability to recognize losses, and, in limited cases, subject the Funds to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of their foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by the Funds and may require the Funds to sell securities to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of a Fund as a RIC at a time when the Adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so.

If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC and to avail itself of certain relief provisions, it would be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions would generally be taxable as dividends. Please see the SAI for a more detailed discussion, including the availability of certain relief provisions for certain failures by the Fund to qualify as a RIC.

Certain of a Fund’s investments, such as investments in real assets, including commodities, and royalty trusts when made directly, may not produce qualifying income to the Fund. A Fund will seek to restrict its income from such instruments that do not generate qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income).

A Fund may invest in MLPs taxed as partnerships. Due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion, MLPs have historically made cash distributions to limited partners that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to such limited partners or members. These excess cash distributions would not be treated as income to a Fund but rather would be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Fund’s basis in the MLP. As a consequence, a Fund may make distributions that exceed its earnings and profits, which would be characterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in Fund shares and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Fund shares are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in Fund shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits in respect of those Fund shares will be treated as gain from the sale of the Fund shares.

“Qualified publicly traded partnership income” within the meaning of section 199A(e)(5) of the Code is eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. “Qualified publicly traded partnership income” is generally income of a “publicly traded partnership” that is not treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is effectively connected with such entity’s trade or business, but does not include certain investment income. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective federal income tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). The Code does not contain a provision permitting a RIC, such as a Fund, to pass the special character of this income through to its shareholders. Currently, direct investors in entities that generate “qualified publicly traded partnership income” will enjoy the lower rate, but investors in RICs that invest in such entities will not.

The Funds may invest in REITs. “Qualified REIT dividends” (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income eligible for capital gain tax rates) are eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). Distributions by a Fund to its shareholders that are attributable to qualified REIT dividends received by the Fund and which the Fund properly reports as “section 199A dividends,” are treated as “qualified REIT dividends” in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Funds are permitted to report such part of their dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but are not required to do so.

REITs, MLPs and other partnerships in which a Fund invests often do not provide complete and final tax information to the Fund until after the time that the Fund issues a tax reporting statement. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues your tax reporting statement. When such reclassification is necessary, a Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a corrected, final Form 1099-DIV to reflect the reclassified information. If you receive a corrected Form 1099-DIV, use the information on this corrected form, and not the information on the previously issued tax reporting statement, in completing your tax returns.

Foreign Investments by a Fund

The Funds invest in foreign securities. Interest and other income received by a Fund with respect to foreign securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If as of the close of a taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of certain foreign stock or securities, each such Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass through” to investors the amount of foreign income and similar taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by such Fund during that taxable year. This means that investors would be considered to have received as additional income their respective shares of such foreign taxes, but may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating taxable income, or, subject to certain limitations, a credit in calculating federal income tax. If a Fund does not so elect, each such Fund will be entitled to claim a deduction for certain foreign taxes incurred by such Fund. A Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.

Foreign tax credits, if any, received by a Fund as a result of an investment in another RIC (including an ETF which is taxable as a RIC) will not be passed through to you unless the Fund qualifies as a “qualified fund-of-funds” under the Code. If a Fund is a “qualified fund-of-funds” it will be eligible to file an election with the IRS that will enable the Fund to pass along these foreign tax credits to its shareholders. A Fund will be treated as a “qualified fund-of-funds” under the Code if at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year) is represented by interests in other RICs.

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in each Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.

DISTRIBUTION PLAN

The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.

No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.

PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION

Information regarding how often each Fund’s Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) its NAV is available on the Funds’ website at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES

Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of the Funds’ Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Funds’ Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Funds’ Shares.

Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

The Adviser and the Funds make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Funds’ Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Funds’ Shares particularly.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The Inflation Beneficiaries ETF and the Blockchain Development ETF

The financial highlights tables below show the financial performance information for each Fund’s five most recent fiscal years (or the life of a Fund, if shorter). Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of a Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate that you would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund (assuming you reinvested all distributions). This information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the independent registered public accounting firm of each Fund, whose report, along with each Fund’s financial statements, are included, in the Inflation Beneficiaries ETF and Blockchain Development ETF’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

The Medical ETF and SPAC ETF

On January 27, 2023, (i) the Medical ETF acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the Kinetics Medical Fund (the “Medical Predecessor Fund”) in exchange for shares of beneficial interest of the Medical ETF, and (ii) the SPAC ETF acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the Kinetics Alternative Income Fund (the “Alternative Income Predecessor Fund” and together, with the Medical Predecessor Fund, each a “Predecessor Fund” or the “Predecessor Funds”) (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, each of the Medical ETF and the SPAC ETF have adopted the financial history of the Medical Predecessor Fund and the Alternative Income Predecessor Fund, respectively.

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Predecessor Fund’s financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Predecessor Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost, on an investment in a Predecessor Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by the Predecessor Funds’ prior independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with each Predecessor Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Predecessor Funds’ Annual Report which is available upon request.

HORIZON KINETICS INFLATION BENEFICIARIES ETF

For a Share Outstanding Throughout each Period


	Year Ended December 31, 2022	Period Ended December 31, 2021(1)
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$31.21	$25.00

Income (loss) from investment operations:
Net investment income(2)	0.53	0.30
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments(7)	0.24	6.19
Total from investment operations	0.77	6.49

Less distributions paid:
From net investment income	(0.52)	(0.27)
From net realized gains	—	(0.01)
Total distributions paid	(0.52)	(0.28)

Net Asset Value, End of Period	$31.46	$31.21

Total return, at NAV(3)	2.57%(4)	26.05%(4)
Total return, at Market(3)	2.66%(4)	26.03%(4)

Supplemental Data and Ratios:
Net assets, end of period (000’s)	$1,274,223	$868,512

Ratio of expenses to average net assets	0.85%(5)	0.85%(5)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets	1.73%(5)	1.02%(5)
Portfolio turnover rate(6)	9.24%(4)	0%(4)(8)

(1) The Fund commenced investment operations on January 11, 2021.

(2) Per share net investment income was calculated using average shares outstanding.

(3) Total return in the table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of dividends.

(4) Not annualized for periods less than one year.

(5) Annualized for periods less than one year.

(6) Excludes in-kind transactions associated with creations and redemptions of the Fund.

(7) Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the period.

(8) Amount is less than 0.5%.

HORIZON KINETICS BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPMENT ETF

For a Share Outstanding Throughout each Period


			Period Ended December 31, 2022(1)
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period			$25.23

Income (loss) from investment operations:
Net investment income(2)(7)			0.08
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments			(5.51)
Total from investment operations			(5.43)

Less distributions paid:
From net investment income			(0.07)
From net realized gains			—
Total distributions paid			(0.07)

Net Asset Value, End of Period			$19.73

Total return, at NAV(3)			(21.50)%(4)
Total return, at Market(3)			(21.31)%(4)

Supplemental Data and Ratios:
Net assets, end of period (000’s)			$1,973

Ratio of expenses to average net assets			0.87%(5)(8)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets			0.90%(5)
Portfolio turnover rate(6)			5.12%(4)

(1) The Fund commenced investment operations on August 1, 2022.

(2) Per share net investment income was calculated using average shares outstanding.

(3) Total return in the table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of dividends.

(4) Not annualized for periods less than one year.

(5) Annualized for periods less than one year.

(6) Excludes in-kind transactions associated with creations and redemptions of the Fund.

(7) Amount is less than 0.05%.

(8) Ratio of expenses to average net assets includes tax expense of 0.02% for the period ended December 31, 2022.

HORIZON KINETICS MEDICAL ETF

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

No Load Class


	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021			For the Year Ended December 31, 2020			For the Year Ended December 31, 2019			For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
PER SHARE DATA:(1)
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year	$	30.78		$	28.13		$	26.53		$	23.47		$	25.33

Income from Investment Operations:
Net investment income(2)	0.27			0.25			0.29			0.33			0.27
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments	1.02			2.73			2.11			3.43			0.12
Total from Investment Operations	1.29			2.98			2.40			3.76			0.39
Redemption Fees(3)	0.00			0.00			0.00			0.00			0.00
Less Distributions:
From net investment income	(0.36)			(0.26)			(0.31)			(0.35)			(0.29)
From net realized gains	(0.16)			(0.07)			(0.49)			(0.35)			(1.96)
Total Distributions	(0.52)			(0.33)			(0.80)			(0.70)			(2.25)
Net Asset Value, End of Year	$	31.55		$	30.78		$	28.13		$	26.53		$	23.47
Total return	4.21		%	10.59		%	9.04		%	16.04		%	1.67		%

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS
Net assets, end of Year (000’s)	$	19,280		$	16,188		$	15,462		$	15,442		$	14,814
Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets:
Before expense reimbursement	2.21		%	2.18		%	2.26		%	2.34		%	2.23		%
After expense reimbursement	1.39		%	1.39		%	1.39		%	1.39		%	1.39		%
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets:	0.89		%	0.84		%	1.12		%	1.34		%	1.03		%
Portfolio turnover rate(4)	3		%	1		%	7		%	6		%	0		%

(1) Information presented relates to a share of capital stock outstanding for each year.

(2) Net investment income per share represents net investment income divided by the average shares outstanding throughout the year.

(3) Amount calculated is less than $0.005.

(4) Portfolio turnover of The Medical Portfolio.

HORIZON KINETICS SPAC ACTIVE ETF

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

No Load Class


	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022				For the Year Ended December 31, 2021				For the Year Ended December 31, 2020			For the Year Ended December 31, 2019			For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
PER SHARE DATA:(1)
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year	$	98.92			$	100.24			$	98.28		$	97.46		$	97.57

Income from Investment Operations:
Net investment income (loss)(2)	0.89				(0.15)				0.25			1.39			0.92
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(4.92)				(1.17)				1.91			1.01			(0.03)
Total from Investment Operations	(4.03)				(1.32)				2.16			2.40			0.89
Redemption Fees	0.00			(3)	0.00			(3)	0.02			—			0.01
Less Distributions:
From net investment income	(0.87)				—				(0.22)			(1.58)			(1.01)
From net realized gains	(0.11)				—				—			—			—
Total Distributions	(0.98)				—				(0.22)			(1.58)			(1.01)
Net Asset Value, End of Year	$	93.91			$	98.92			$	100.24		$	98.28		$	97.46
Total return	(4.07		%)		(1.32		%)		2.23		%	2.47		%	0.92		%

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS
Net assets, end of Year (000’s)	$	7,384			$	2,626			$	2,642		$	3,482		$	4,265
Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets:
Before expense reimbursement	2.76		%		2.35		%		2.16		%	2.01		%	1.88		%
After expense reimbursement	0.95		%		0.95		%		0.95		%	0.95		%	0.95		%
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets:	0.93		%		(0.15		%)		0.25		%	1.41		%	0.94		%
Portfolio turnover rate(4)	0		%		0		%		0		%	0		%	0		%

(1) Information presented relates to a share of capital stock outstanding for each year.

(2) Net investment income per share represents net investment income divided by the average shares outstanding throughout the year.

(3) Amount calculated is less than $0.005.

(4) Portfolio turnover of The Alternative Income Portfolio.

Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF

Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF

Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF

Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF


Adviser	Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC 470 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10016	Transfer Agent and Administrator	U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
Sub-Adviser	Ryan Heritage, LLP Park 80 West - Plaza Two 250 Pehle Avenue, Suite 708 Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663	Distributor	Foreside Fund Services, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101
Custodian	U.S. Bank National Association 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212	Legal Counsel	Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-2541
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	Cohen & Company, Ltd. 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800 Cleveland, Ohio 44115

Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:

Statement of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Funds and certain other additional information. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders. In the Annual Report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance.

You can obtain free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or by calling 1-800-617-0004.

Shareholder reports and other information about the Funds are also available:

•Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov;

•Free of charge from the Funds’ Internet web site at www.horizonkinetics.com/products/etf; or

•For a fee, by e-mail request to [email protected].

(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23226)