Prospectus

 

November 15, 2022

 

Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF

Ticker Symbol: HIDE

 

(a series of EA Series Trust)

 

Listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    Page
Alpha Architect high inflation and deflation etf   1
Additional Information About the Fund   8
How is the Fund Different from Mutual Funds?   8
Additional Information About the Fund’s Investment Objectives and Strategies   9
Additional Information About the Fund’s Risks   10
Fund Management   14
Approval of Advisory Agreement   15
Portfolio Managers   16
Other Service Providers   16
The Exchange   16
Buying and Selling Fund Shares   17
Buying and Selling Shares On the Secondary Market   17
Active Investors and Market Timing   18
Distribution and Service Plan   18
Net Asset Value   18
Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings   19
Investments by Other Investment Companies   20
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes   20
Financial Highlights   22

 

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Alpha Architect high inflation and deflation ETF

 

Fund Summary

 

 

Investment Objective

 

The Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long-term total return.

 

Fees And Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fee     0.29 %
Other Expenses1     0.00 %
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses2     0.14 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses     0.43 %
Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement3     (0.14 )%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursement     0.29 %

 

1. Other Expenses are estimated for current fiscal year.
2. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (AFFE) are estimated for the current fiscal year. AFFE include fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of investments in other investment companies, including funds which invest exclusively in money market instruments. Because AFFEs are not borne directly by the Fund, they will not be reflected in the expense information in the Fund’s financial statements and the information presented in the table will differ from that presented in the Fund’s financial highlights included in the Fund’s reports to shareholders.
3. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive receipt of its management fees and/or assume expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to offset AFFE so that the total annual operating expenses of the Fund (excluding payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 distribution and service plan (if any), brokerage expenses, taxes (including tax-related services), interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense (including class action-related services) and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.29% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. This agreement is in effect until November 15, 2025, and it may be terminated before that date only by a majority vote of the “non-interested” trustees.

 

Example

 

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example reflects the Fund’s contractual expense limitation agreement only for the term of the contractual expense limitation agreement. The example also assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same. You may also pay brokerage commissions on the purchase and sale of Shares, which are not reflected in the example. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  One Year: Three Years:  
  $30 $109  

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund may pay transaction costs, including commissions when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and portfolio turnover data therefore is not available.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund’s Investment Strategy

 

The Fund is an actively managed, non-diversified fund managed by Alpha Architect, LLC, the Fund’s investment sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”). The Sub-Adviser manages the Fund using a proprietary methodology developed by Empirical Finance, LLC, d/b/a Alpha Architect (the Adviser’s parent).

 

The Fund primarily invests its assets in the shares of registered investment companies, including affiliated and non-affiliated exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (the “underlying funds”), that emphasize investments in (i) intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds; (ii) real estate; and (iii) commodities (the “Target Asset Classes”). The Fund expects to obtain its exposure to the Target Asset Classes primarily through its investments in underlying funds, but the Fund also may invest directly in equity interests in real estate investment trusts (REITs) and in intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds. The Sub-Adviser believes its investments in underlying funds will provide an efficient, low cost means for the Fund to gain exposure to the Target Asset Classes.

 

The Sub-Adviser has developed an investment model that is used to determine the asset allocations for the Fund, but the Sub-Adviser does retain discretion to modify the model. The Sub-Adviser does not anticipate major deviations from the model driven asset allocation process, but such deviations may occur in response to extreme market conditions. The asset allocation process can only be changed by the Sub-Adviser. 

 

The Sub-Adviser’s model is quantitative and systematic, utilizing absolute momentum and trend-following factors to identify the allocations to the Target Asset Classes and/or cash and cash equivalents. Absolute momentum is reliant upon the continuance of an existing market trend while trend-following investment seeks to invest in assets that are considered in an upward trend. In the most basic terms, the model seeks to determine when a Target Asset Class (e.g., real estate) is perceived to be attractive from an investment perspective given current market conditions.

 

The Fund’s quantitative process is designed to analyze each Target Asset Class to determine whether it is demonstrating positive or negative price trends. The Sub-Adviser’s quantitative investment model will use various trend signals. The model generally relies on past prices and past return data. The Sub-Adviser may use a variety of lookbacks and formations that are subject to change based on the Sub-Adviser’s research efforts. Two examples of these lookbacks and formations would be a 12-month moving average signal and a 12-month time-series momentum signal when analyzing each Target Asset Class. These examples are representative of general trend-following techniques and may not be the exclusive signals used. The signals generated by the Sub-Adviser’s quantitative model are used to guide the Fund’s allocation to the Target Asset Classes and/or cash and cash equivalents.

 

The Sub-Adviser’s target weightings, when all Target Asset Classes have a “buy” signal, for the Fund are 50% exposure to intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds, 25% exposure to real estate securities, including REITs, and 25% exposure to commodities. The target weightings are simply investment targets and are subject to change based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of current market conditions. For example, if the Sub-Adviser’s analysis indicates a negative trend for any of the Fund’s Target Asset Classes, the Sub-Adviser will reduce or eliminate the Fund’s exposure to such Target Asset Class and invest such reallocated assets into other Target Asset Classes or cash and cash equivalents. The Fund’s investments in cash and cash equivalents, which may represent at times 100% of the Fund’s assets, will consist of money market funds, U.S. Treasury bills, and/or U.S. Treasury bill equivalents (or an underlying fund that focus its investments on these objectives).

 

The Sub-Adviser is responsible for determining the timing of trading and the actual securities selected for investment. When selecting investments, the Sub-Adviser will compile a list of investments that provide the Fund with the desired Target Asset Class exposure. As it relates to the Fund’s investments in underlying funds, the Sub-Adviser’s analysis may include, but is not limited to, a review of the underlying fund’s cost structure, holdings, investment process, market liquidity, performance, operational and legal issues, diversification, time horizon, and tax-related issues. The Sub-Adviser will generally sell or reduce its exposure to an investment based on the results of the Sub-Adviser’s quantitative model. The Sub-Adviser’s quantitative model is updated at least monthly and the Fund’s asset allocations will be systematically updated based on the results of the model. There are times when the Fund’s strategy may result in active and frequent trading of portfolio instruments to achieve its investment objective.

 

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The Sub-Adviser, through its quantitative investment model, will actively manage the Fund’s portfolio across the different Target Asset Classes with the goal of providing investors with protection against an environment of high inflation or deflation. For example, during a period of perceived high inflation (i.e., a period where the general prices of goods and services are increasing in the economy), the Sub-Adviser will generally increase the Fund’s exposure to commodities through its investments in underlying funds, and at times, to REITs and other real estate securities. During a period of perceived deflation (i.e., a period where the general prices of goods and services are declining in the economy), the Sub-Adviser will generally increase the Fund’s exposure to intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds through either its investments in underlying funds, and at times, to REITs and other real estate securities. The Sub-Adviser believes that actively managing the Fund’s exposure to the Target Asset Classes and cash and cash equivalents can add value over a static allocation to one or more of these asset classes over both periods of high inflation and deflation.

 

Principal Risks

 

An investment in the Fund involves risk, including those described below. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. An investor may lose money by investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The Fund may be subject to the following risks as a result of its direct investments or through its investments in underlying funds:

 

Investment Risk. When you sell your Shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund.

 

Fund of Funds Risk. The Fund’s investment performance will largely depend on the investment performance of the selected underlying funds. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the underlying funds that then-currently comprise the Fund’s portfolio. At times, certain of the segments of the market represented by the Fund’s underlying funds may be out of favor and underperform other segments. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of the underlying funds in which it invests (including operating expenses and management fees), which are identified in the fee schedule above as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

Fixed Income Risk. The market value of fixed income securities will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of fixed income investments. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities and related financial instruments generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities and related financial instruments generally decline. Fixed income investments are also subject to credit risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Changes in interest rates can result in losses for fixed-income and other securities. Specifically, for fixed-income securities or fixed-income ETFs, when interest rates rise, the market values of the fixed-income instruments normally decrease. Typically, the longer the maturity or duration of a fixed-income security, the greater the security’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Changes in monetary policy, government policy, government spending and inflation may affect the level of interest rates.

 

Credit Risk. Debt securities are subject to credit risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations and/or default completely. Debt securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities, which may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of a debt security may be downgraded after purchase or the perception of an issuer’s credit worthiness may decline, which may adversely affect the value of the security.

 

Risk of U.S. Treasury Bills. Direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, due to fluctuations in interest rates, the market value of such securities may vary.

 

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Investment Company Risk. An investment in other registered investment companies (including other ETFs, affiliated and non-affiliated) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies, which include, but are not limited to, the risk that such fund’s investment strategy may not produce the intended results; the risk that securities in such fund may underperform in comparison to the general securities markets or other asset classes; and the risk that the fund will be concentrated in a particular issuer, market, industry or sector, and therefore will be especially susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer, market, industry or sector. Moreover, the Fund will incur duplicative expenses from such investments, bearing its share of that fund’s expenses while also paying its own advisory fees and trading costs.

 

An ETF may also trade at a discount to its net asset value. This could, in turn, result in differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs. In addition, the Fund may invest in underlying funds which invest a larger portion of their assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds, and thus will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors.

 

The Fund may invest in affiliated ETFs managed by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser. The Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in selecting underlying funds because the fees paid to it by certain affiliated underlying funds are higher than the fees paid by other affiliated and unaffiliated underlying funds. To the extent the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in any one affiliated ETF or across multiple affiliated ETFs, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks particular to the investment strategies employed by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser.

 

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are instruments, such as futures contracts, whose value is derived from that of other assets, rates, or indices. The use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes may be considered to carry more risk than other types of investments. When the Fund obtains exposure to derivatives through its investments in other underlying funds, it will be indirectly exposed to the risks of those derivatives. Derivative instruments are subject to a number of risks including counterparty, liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks, as well as the risk of improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested.

 

Leverage Risk. The Fund does not seek leveraged returns but as a result of the Fund’s investments in underlying funds that use certain derivatives it may create investment leverage. As a result, the use of these derivatives by the underlying funds may magnify losses to the Fund, and even a small market movement may result in significant losses to the Fund.

 

Commodity Risk. Investing in physical commodities is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Market prices of commodities may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships (whether actual, perceived, anticipated, unanticipated or unrealized); weather; agriculture; trade; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; diseases; pestilence; technological developments; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. When the Fund obtains exposure to commodities through its investments in other underlying funds, it will be indirectly exposed to the foregoing risks.

 

Commodity-Linked Derivatives Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity-linked derivatives. The value of a commodity-linked derivative investment is typically based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as heating oil, precious metals, livestock, or agricultural products), a commodity futures contract or commodity index, or some other readily measurable economic variable. Commodity-linked derivatives provide exposure, which may include long and/or short exposure, to the investment returns of physical commodities that trade in the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, volatility of the underlying Index, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. The value of commodity-linked derivatives will rise or fall in response to changes in the underlying commodity or related index. Investments in commodity-linked derivatives may be subject to greater volatility than non-derivative based investments. A highly liquid secondary market may not exist for certain commodity-linked derivatives, and there can be no assurance that one will develop.

 

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Commodity Futures Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity futures. Risks of commodity futures include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the value of the futures contract and the underlying commodity or commodity index; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market; (iii) the inability to close a futures contract when desired; (iv) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which may be unlimited; and (v) an obligation for the investor to make daily cash payments to maintain its required collateral, or margin, particularly at times when the investor may have insufficient cash or must sell securities to meet those margin requirements. Although the counterparty to an exchange-traded futures contract is often backed by a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to the investor.

 

Commodity Swaps Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity swaps. If a counterparty to a commodity swap agreement becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under the commodity swap due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer losses. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared commodity swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. Credit risk of cleared commodity swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear. Commodity Swaps are subject to pricing risk (i.e., commodity swaps may be hard to value) and may be considered illiquid.

 

Commodity-Linked Note Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity-linked notes. Commodity-linked notes have characteristics of both a debt security and a derivative. Typically, they are issued by a bank at a specified face value and pay a fixed or floating rate linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as commodity indices, particular commodities or commodity futures contracts. As such, an investor faces the economic risk of movements in commodity prices by investing in such notes. These notes also are subject to credit, market and interest rate risks that in general affect the values of debt securities.

 

Real Estate Investment Risk. Companies in the real estate sector include companies that invest in real estate, such as real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate management and development companies. Companies that invest in real estate are subject to the risks of owning real estate directly as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way that such companies operate, including management risk (such companies are dependent upon the management skills of a few key individuals and may have limited financial resources). Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of an underlying fund’s investments. Investing in real estate is subject to such risks as decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, increased competition and other risks related to local or general economic conditions, increases in operating costs and property taxes, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, possible lack of availability of mortgage financing, market saturation, fluctuations in rental income and the value of underlying properties and extended vacancies of properties. Certain real estate securities have a relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of these securities. Real estate securities have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. Real estate securities are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers or tenants. The Fund’s investments in REITs are subject to additional risks, such as poor performance by the manager of the REIT or failure by the REIT to qualify for tax-free pass through of income under the Code.

 

Asset Allocation Risk. The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of investments, and the allocation of assets to such investments, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

 

Quantitative Security Selection Risk. The Sub-Adviser uses a quantitative model, and its processes could be adversely affected if erroneous or outdated data is utilized. In addition, securities selected using a quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends. The factors used in such analyses may not be predictive of a security’s value and its effectiveness can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model. There can be no assurance that use of a quantitative model will enable the Fund to achieve positive returns or outperform the market.

 

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Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

ETF Risks.

 

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”). The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the [Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.] (“Exchange”) or other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading activity in Shares. Deviation between the Fund’s NAV and trading price poses a risk to investors when there is market stress because costs can increase substantially during such periods, which can lead directly to a widening of premiums or discounts to NAV.

 

Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.

 

Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV. Wider bid/ask spreads are a consequence of such limited liquidity and exaggerate premium/discount spread. When buying or selling Shares of the Fund in the secondary market, you will likely incur brokerage commission or other charges. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread” also known as the bid-ask spread, which is the difference between what investors are willing to pay for Fund Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which they are willing to sell Fund Shares (the “ask” price). The bid-ask spread varies over time based on, among other things, trading volume, market liquidity and market volatility. Because of the costs inherent in buying or selling Fund Shares, frequent trading may detract significantly from investment results and an investment in Fund Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments due to the associated trading costs.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. Holding cash or cash equivalents rather than securities or other instruments in which the Fund primarily invests, even strategically, may cause the Fund to risk losing opportunities to participate in market appreciation, and may cause the Fund to experience potentially lower returns than the Fund’s benchmark or other funds that remain fully invested.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risks. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

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Performance

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus. Performance information will be available in the Prospectus after the Fund has been in operation for one full calendar year. When provided, the information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with a broad measure of market performance. Past performance does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.alphaarchitect.com/funds or by calling the Fund at (215) 882-9983. www.alphaarchitect.com/funds

 

Investment Adviser and Investment Sub-Adviser

 

Investment Adviser: Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.
Investment Sub-Adviser: Alpha Architect, LLC serves as the sub-adviser of the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Messrs. Wesley R. Gray and John Vogel are co-portfolio managers for the Fund. Each portfolio manager has managed the Fund since November 2022.

 

Summary Information about Purchases, Sales, Taxes, and Financial Intermediary Compensation

 

Purchase And Sale Of Fund Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares, typically 10,000 Shares, called “Creation Units,” and only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem Creation Units. Creation Units generally are issued and redeemed ‘in-kind’ for securities and partially in cash. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Once created, individual Shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day. Market prices of Shares may be greater or less than their NAV. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both, unless your investment is in an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. However, subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged account may be subject to federal income tax. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation.

 

Purchases Through Broker-Dealers And Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Additional Information About The Fund

 

How is the Fund Different from Mutual Funds?

 

Redeemability. Mutual fund shares may be bought from, and redeemed with, the issuing fund for cash at NAV typically calculated once at the end of the business day. Shares of the Fund, by contrast, cannot be purchased from or redeemed with the Fund except by or through APs (typically, broker-dealers), and then principally for an in-kind basket of securities (and a limited cash amount). In addition, the Fund issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis only in large blocks of Shares (for example, 10,000 Shares) called “Creation Units.”

 

Exchange Listing. Unlike mutual fund shares, Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange. Investors can purchase and sell Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Investors purchasing Shares in the secondary market through a brokerage account or with the assistance of a broker may be subject to brokerage commissions and charges. Secondary-market transactions do not occur at NAV, but at market prices that change throughout the day, based on the supply of, and demand for, Shares and on changes in the prices of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The market price of Shares may differ from the NAV of the Fund. The difference between market price of Shares and the NAV of the Fund is called a premium when the market price is above the reported NAV and called a discount when the market price is below the reported NAV, and the difference is expected to be small most of the time, though it may be significant, especially in times of extreme market volatility.

 

Tax Treatment. The Fund and the Shares have been designed to be tax-efficient. Specifically, their in-kind creation and redemption feature has been designed to protect Fund shareholders from adverse tax consequences applicable to non-ETF registered investment companies as a result of cash transactions in the non-ETF registered investment company’s shares, including cash redemptions. Nevertheless, to the extent redemptions from the Fund are paid in cash, the Fund may realize capital gains or losses, including in some cases short-term capital gains, upon the sale of portfolio securities to generate the cash to satisfy the redemption.

 

Transparency. The Fund’s portfolio holdings are disclosed on its website daily after the close of trading on the Exchange and prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange the following day. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

Premium/Discount Information. Information about the premiums and discounts at which the Fund’s Shares have traded is available at www.alphaarchitect.com/funds.

 

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Additional Information about the Fund’s Investment Objectives and Strategies

 

The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without a vote of shareholders with prior written notice to shareholders.

 

Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF

 

The Fund is an actively managed non-diversified fund managed by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser manages the Fund using a proprietary methodology that allocates assets across the Fund’s Target Asset Classes in accordance with perceived market conditions. The Sub-Adviser does retain discretion to modify the model but does not anticipate major deviations from the model driven asset allocation process, but such deviations may occur in response to extreme market conditions. The asset allocation process can only be changed by the Sub-Adviser.

 

The Fund primarily invests its assets in the shares of registered investment companies, including affiliated and non-affiliated underlying funds, that emphasize investments in the Fund’s Target Asset Classes. The Fund expects to obtain its exposure to the Target Asset Classes primarily through its investments in underlying funds, but the Fund also may invest in equity interests in real estate investment trusts (REITs) and directly in intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds. The Sub-Adviser believes its investments in underlying funds will provide an efficient low cost means for the Fund to gain exposure to the Target Asset Classes.

 

The Sub-Adviser’s target weightings, when all Target Asset Classes have a “buy” signal, for the Fund are 50% exposure to intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds, 25% exposure to real estate securities, including REITs, and 25% exposure to commodities. The target weightings are simply investment targets and are subject to change based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of current market conditions. If the Sub-Adviser’s analysis indicates a negative trend for any of the Fund’s Target Asset Classes, the Sub-Adviser will reduce or eliminate the Fund’s exposure to such Target Asset Class and invest such reallocated assets into other Target Asset Classes or cash and cash equivalents. The Fund’s investments in cash and cash equivalents, which may represent at times 100% of the Fund’s assets, will consist of money market funds, U.S. Treasury bills, and/or U.S. Treasury bill equivalents (or an underlying fund that focus its investments on these objectives).

 

Intermediate-term U.S. Treasury Bonds. The Fund’s exposure to intermediate-term U.S. treasury bonds will be primarily through its investments in underlying funds that generally maintain portfolios that consist of U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to three years and less than ten years, are rated investment grade, and have $300 million or more of outstanding face value. “Investment-grade” debt securities are securities rated at or above “BBB-” or “Baa3” by at least one of S&P Global Ratings (S&P) or Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), respectively, or that have comparable ratings from other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). The Fund may, at times, invest directly in intermediate-term U.S. Treasury bonds.

 

REIT Investments. The Fund expects to invest in REITs or underlying funds that have exposure to REITs. REITs offer investors greater liquidity and diversification than direct ownership of real estate. REITs also offer the potential for higher income than an investment in common stocks would provide. As with any investment in real estate, however, a REIT’s performance depends on specific factors, such as the company’s ability to find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property purchases and renovations. Investments in REITs may not correspond to returns from direct property ownership. The Fund’s expects to have exposure to equity REITs, mortgage REITs and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs typically generate income from rental and lease payments, and they offer the potential for growth from property appreciation as well as occasional capital gains from the sale of property. A mortgage REIT makes loans to commercial real estate developers. Mortgage REITs earn interest income and are subject to credit risk (i.e., the chance that a developer will fail to repay a loan). A hybrid REIT holds both properties and mortgages.

 

Commodity Investments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties and that are used in commerce, such as fuels (e.g., crude oil, natural gas and gasoline), precious and industrial metals, livestock and agricultural products. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities. The underlying funds may invest in commodity-linked instruments, such as commodity futures, swap agreements, commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded products (including exchange-traded notes and other ETFs) to obtain exposure to commodities. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, disease, embargoes, or political and regulatory developments. The underlying funds may invest in other instruments whose value goes up or down based on price movements of underlying physical commodities, such as commodity-linked notes, exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), other ETFs and other investment companies. An ETN is an unsecured debt security that trades on an established exchange. Its underlying value is based on the value of an index, commodity, interest rate or other objectively determined reference. A commodity linked note is an instrument that has characteristics of both a debt security and a commodity-linked derivative instrument. It typically makes interest payments like a debt security, and at maturity, the principal payment is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index, or Commodity Futures contract.

 

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Additional Information About the Fund’s Principal Risks

 

The Fund may be subject to the following risks as a result of its direct investments or through its investments in underlying funds:

 

Investment Risk. As with all investments, an investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk. Investors in the Fund could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of an investment, over short or long periods of time.

 

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Sub-Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market trends.

 

Fund of Funds Risk. The Fund’s investment performance largely depends on the investment performance of its underlying funds. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the underlying funds that comprise the Fund’s portfolio. As noted above, the risks described in this prospectus apply to the Fund directly and/or indirectly via its investments in one or more underlying funds (e.g., commodity risk). At times, certain of the segments of the market represented by underlying funds may be out of favor and underperform other segments. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the expenses of the underlying funds in which it invests (including operating expenses and management fees), which are identified in the fee schedule in the Summary section above as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

A passively managed underlying fund is an investment company whose goal generally is to track or replicate a desired index, such as a market or global segment. ETFs are traded on exchanges and trade similarly to publicly-traded companies. ETFs also have risks and costs that are similar to publicly-traded companies. The goal of many ETFs is to correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses of its underlying index. The risk of not correlating to the index is an additional risk borne by the investors of such ETFs. Because ETFs trade on an exchange, they may not trade at net asset value (“NAV”). Sometimes, the prices of ETFs may vary significantly from the NAVs of the ETF’s underlying securities. An actively managed ETF’s performance will reflect its adviser’s ability to make investment decisions that are suited to achieving the ETF’s investment objectives.

 

Certain underlying funds may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” which must be met in order for the Fund to maintain its status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If one or more underlying funds generates more non-qualifying income for purposes of the “Income Requirement” than the Fund’s portfolio management expects, it could cause the Fund to inadvertently fail the “Income Requirement” thereby causing the Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code.

 

The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs and other exchange-traded products (“ETPs”). ETPs that invest in commodities contracts and exposure may be, or may become, subject to regulatory trading limits that could hurt the value of their securities and could affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment program as described in this prospectus.

 

Fixed Income Risk. The market value of fixed income securities will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of fixed income investments. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities and related financial instruments generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities and related financial instruments generally decline. Fixed income investments are also subject to credit risk. The longer the effective maturity and duration of the Fund’s portfolio, the more the Fund’s share price is likely to react to changes in interest rates. (Duration is a weighted measure of the length of time required to receive the present value of future payments, both interest and principal, from a fixed income security.) Some fixed income securities give the issuer the option to call, or redeem, the securities before their maturity dates. If an issuer calls its security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value of the security as a result of declining interest rates. During periods of market illiquidity or rising interest rates, prices of callable issues are subject to increased price fluctuation. In addition, the Fund may be subject to extension risk, which occurs during a rising interest rate environment because certain obligations may be paid off by an issuer more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of those securities held by the Fund to fall.

 

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Certain instruments in which the Fund may invest rely in some fashion upon the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, ended most LIBOR settings at the end of 2021. The commonly used tenors of US dollars LIBOR are continuing until the end of June 2023. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Various financial industry groups have begun planning for the transition from LIBOR, but there are obstacles to converting certain longer-term securities and transactions to new references rates. There is no assurance that the composition or characteristics of any such alternative reference rate will be similar to or produce the same value or economic equivalence as LIBOR or that it will be used as frequently or have the same liquidity as LIBOR prior to its discontinuance. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products, instruments and contracts are commercially accepted. The transition away from LIBOR may lead to increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Fund.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Changes in interest rates can result in losses for fixed-income and other securities. Specifically, for fixed-income securities or fixed-income ETFs, when interest rates rise, the market values of the fixed-income instruments normally decrease. Typically, the longer the maturity or duration of a fixed-income security, the greater the security’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates. For example, the approximate percentage change in the price of a security with a three-year duration would be expected to drop by approximately 3% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates. Duration is a weighted measure of the length of time required to receive the present value of future payments, both interest and principal, from a fixed income security. Generally, the longer the maturity and duration of a bond or fixed rate security, the more sensitive it is to this risk. Falling interest rates also create the potential for a decline in the Fund’s income. Changes in monetary policy, government policy, government spending and inflation may affect the level of interest rates. These risks are greater during periods of rising inflation. In addition, a potential rise in interest rates may result in periods of volatility and increased redemptions that might require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities at disadvantageous prices and times.

 

Credit Risk. Debt securities are subject to credit risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations and/or default completely. Debt securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities, which may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of a debt security may be downgraded after purchase or the perception of an issuer’s credit worthiness may decline, which may adversely affect the value of the security.

 

Risk of U.S. Treasury Bills. Direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, due to fluctuations in interest rates, the market value of such securities may vary.

 

Investment Company Risk. An investment in other investment companies (including other exchange-traded funds) is subject to the risks associated with those investment companies, which include, but are not limited to, the risk that such fund’s investment strategy may not produce the intended results; the risk that securities in such fund may underperform in comparison to the general securities markets or other asset classes; and the risk that the fund will be concentrated in a particular issuer, market, industry or sector, and therefore will be especially susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that issuer, market, industry or sector. Moreover, the Fund will incur duplicative expenses from such investments, bearing its share of that fund’s expenses while also paying its own advisory fees and trading costs. An ETF may also trade at a discount to its net asset value. This could, in turn, result in differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs. In addition, the Fund may invest in underlying funds which invest a larger portion of their assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds, and thus will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors. The Fund may invest in affiliated mutual funds managed by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser. The Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser may be subject to potential conflicts of interest in selecting underlying funds because the fees paid to it by certain affiliated underlying funds are higher than the fees paid by other affiliated and unaffiliated underlying funds. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in any one affiliated mutual fund or across multiple affiliated mutual funds, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks particular to the investment strategies employed by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser.

 

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Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are instruments, such as futures contracts, whose value is derived from that of other assets, rates, or indices. The use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes may be considered to carry more risk than other types of investments. When the Fund obtains exposure to derivatives through its investments in other underlying funds, it will be indirectly exposed to the risks of those derivatives. Derivative instruments are subject to a number of risks including counterparty, liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks, as well as the risk of improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested.

 

Leverage Risk. The Fund does not seek leveraged returns but as a result of the Fund’s investments in underlying funds that use certain derivatives it may create investment leverage. As a result, the use of these derivatives by the underlying funds may magnify losses to the Fund, and even a small market movement may result in significant losses to the Fund.

 

Commodity Risk. Investing in physical commodities is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Market prices of commodities may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships (whether actual, perceived, anticipated, unanticipated or unrealized); weather; agriculture; trade; domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies; diseases; pestilence; technological developments; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Commodities include, among other things, energy products, agricultural products, industrial metals, precious metals and livestock. The commodities markets may fluctuate widely based on a variety of factors, including overall market movements, economic events and policies, changes in interest rates or inflation rates, changes in monetary and exchange control programs, war, acts of terrorism, natural disasters and technological developments. Variables such as disease, drought, floods, weather, trade, embargoes, tariffs and other political events, in particular, may have a larger impact on commodity prices than on traditional securities. These additional variables may create additional investment risks that subject an underlying fund’s investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The prices of commodities can also fluctuate widely due to supply and demand disruptions in major producing or consuming regions. Because certain commodities may be produced in a limited number of countries and may be controlled by a small number of producers, political, economic and supply-related events in such countries could have a disproportionate impact on the prices of such commodities. These factors may affect the value of an underlying fund in varying ways, and different factors may cause the value and the volatility of an underlying fund to move in inconsistent directions at inconsistent rates.

 

Commodity-Linked Derivatives Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity-linked derivatives. The value of a commodity-linked derivative investment is typically based upon the price movements of a physical commodity (such as heating oil, precious metals, livestock, or agricultural products), a commodity futures contract or commodity index, or some other readily measurable economic variable. Commodity-linked derivatives provide exposure, which may include long and/or short exposure, to the investment returns of physical commodities that trade in the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, volatility of the underlying Index, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. The value of commodity-linked derivatives will rise or fall in response to changes in the underlying commodity or related index. Investments in commodity-linked derivatives may be subject to greater volatility than non-derivative based investments. A highly liquid secondary market may not exist for certain commodity-linked derivatives, and there can be no assurance that one will develop.

 

Commodity Futures Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity futures contracts. Risks of Commodity futures include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the value of the futures contract and the underlying commodity or commodity index; (ii) possible lack of a liquid secondary market; (iii) the inability to close a futures contract when desired; (iv) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which may be unlimited; and (v) an obligation for the investor to make daily cash payments to maintain its required collateral, or margin, particularly at times when the investor may have insufficient cash or must sell securities to meet those margin requirements. Although the counterparty to an exchange-traded futures contract is often backed by a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or clearing organization that is further backed by a group of financial institutions, there may be instances in which the FCM or the clearing organization could fail to perform its obligations, causing significant losses to the investor.

 

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Commodity Swaps Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity swaps. If a counterparty to a Commodity swap agreement becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under the commodity swap due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer losses. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared commodity swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. Credit risk of cleared commodity swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear. Commodity swaps are subject to pricing risk (i.e., commodity swaps may be hard to value) and may be considered illiquid.

 

Commodity-Linked Note Risk. The Fund seeks to gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in underlying funds that have exposure to commodities and this may include exposure to commodity-linked notes. Commodity-linked notes have characteristics of both a debt security and a derivative. Typically, they are issued by a bank at a specified face value and pay a fixed or floating rate linked to the performance of an underlying asset, such as commodity indices, particular commodities or commodity futures contracts. As such, an investor faces the economic risk of movements in commodity prices by investing in such notes. These notes also are subject to credit, market and interest rate risks that in general affect the values of debt securities.

 

Real Estate Investment Risk. Companies in the real estate sector include companies that invest in real estate, such as real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate management and development companies. Companies that invest in real estate are subject to the risks of owning real estate directly as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way that such companies operate, including management risk (such companies are dependent upon the management skills of a few key individuals and may have limited financial resources). Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of an underlying fund’s investments. Investing in real estate is subject to such risks as decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, increased competition and other risks related to local or general economic conditions, increases in operating costs and property taxes, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, possible lack of availability of mortgage financing, market saturation, fluctuations in rental income and the value of underlying properties and extended vacancies of properties. Certain real estate securities have a relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of these securities. Real estate securities have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. Real estate securities are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers or tenants. The Fund’s investments in REITs are subject to additional risks, such as poor performance by the manager of the REIT or failure by the REIT to qualify for tax-free pass through of income under the Code.

 

Asset Allocation Risk. The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of investments, and the allocation of assets to such investments, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

 

Quantitative Security Selection Risk. The Sub-Adviser uses a quantitative model, and its processes could be adversely affected if erroneous or outdated data is utilized. In addition, securities selected using a quantitative model could perform differently from the financial markets as a whole as a result of the characteristics used in the analysis, the weight placed on each characteristic and changes in the characteristic’s historical trends. The factors used in such analyses may not be predictive of a security’s value and its effectiveness can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model. There can be no assurance that use of a quantitative model will enable the Fund to achieve positive returns or outperform the market.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

ETF Risks.

 

  Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

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  Premium-Discount Risk. The Shares may trade above or below their net asset value (“NAV”). The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (“Exchange”) or other securities exchanges. The trading price of Shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility or limited trading activity in Shares. Deviation between the Fund’s NAV and trading price poses a risk to investors when there is market stress because costs can increase substantially during such periods, which can lead directly to a widening of premiums or discounts to NAV.

 

  Cost of Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares.

 

  Trading Risk. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of its underlying portfolio holdings, which can be less liquid than the Fund’s Shares, potentially causing the market price of the Fund’s Shares to deviate from its NAV. Wider bid/ask spreads are a consequence of such limited liquidity and exaggerate premium/discount spread. When buying or selling Shares of the Fund in the secondary market, you will likely incur brokerage commission or other charges. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread” also known as the bid-ask spread, which is the difference between what investors are willing to pay for Fund Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which they are willing to sell Fund Shares (the “ask” price). The bid-ask spread varies over time based on, among other things, trading volume, market liquidity and market volatility. Because of the costs inherent in buying or selling Fund Shares, frequent trading may detract significantly from investment results and an investment in Fund Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments due to the associated trading costs.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. Holding cash or cash equivalents rather than securities or other instruments in which the Fund primarily invests, even strategically, may cause the Fund to risk losing opportunities to participate in market appreciation, and may cause the Fund to experience potentially lower returns than the Fund’s benchmark or other funds that remain fully invested.

 

Geopolitical/Natural Disaster Risks. The Fund’s investments are subject to geopolitical and natural disaster risks, such as war, terrorism, trade disputes, political or economic dysfunction within some nations, public health crises and related geopolitical events, as well as environmental disasters, epidemics and/or pandemics, which may add to instability in world economies and volatility in markets. The impact may be short-term or may last for extended periods.

 

Fund Management

 

Investment Adviser

 

Empowered Funds, LLC dba EA Advisers, acts as the Fund’s investment adviser. The Adviser is located at 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083 and is wholly owned by Alpha Architect LLC. The Adviser is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and provides investment advisory services solely to the Fund and other exchange-traded funds. The Adviser was founded in October, 2013.

 

The Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management and business affairs of the Fund and has discretion to purchase and sell securities in accordance with the Fund’s objectives, policies, and restrictions. The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the Fund’s investment programs. Pursuant to the terms of investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser the Fund will pay the Adviser an annual advisory fee based on its average daily net assets for the services and facilities it provides payable at the annual rate set forth in the table below:

 

Fund Current Advisory Fee   Aggregate Advisory Fee Paid Last Fiscal Year
Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF 0.29%   N/A*

 

* The Fund is new and has not paid the Adviser any advisory fees as of the date of this Prospectus.

 

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The Adviser (or an affiliate of the Adviser) bears all of the Adviser’s own costs associated with providing these advisory services and all expenses of the Fund, except for the fee payment under the Advisory Agreement, payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”), brokerage expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. The Advisory Agreement for the Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice, and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive receipt of its management fees and/or assume expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to offset acquired fund fees and expenses so that the total annual operating expenses of the Fund (excluding payments under the Fund’s Rule 12b-1 distribution and service plan (if any), brokerage expenses, taxes (including tax-related services), interest (including borrowing costs), litigation expense (including class action-related services) and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses) do not exceed 0.29% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. This agreement is in effect until November 15, 2025, and it may be terminated before that date only by a majority vote of the “non-interested” trustees.

 

Investment Sub-Adviser

 

Sub-Adviser: The Adviser has retained Alpha Architect, LLC, an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, to provide sub-advisory services for the Fund. The Sub-Adviser is located at 19 East Eagle Road, Havertown, PA 19083 and is the parent company of the Adviser. The Sub-Adviser provides investment advisory services to separately managed accounts, the Fund and other exchange-traded funds. The Sub-Adviser was founded in July 2010 and is responsible for determining the investments for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision and oversight of the Adviser and the Board.

 

The Sub-Adviser performs its services as a non-discretionary sub-adviser, which means that the Sub-Adviser is not responsible for selecting brokers or placing the Fund’s trades. Rather, the Sub-Adviser constructs the overall portfolio and provides trading instructions to the Adviser and, in turn, the Adviser is responsible for selecting brokers and placing the Fund’s trades. It is anticipated that the Adviser will generally adhere to the Sub-Adviser’s recommendations.

 

For its services, the Adviser pays the Sub-Adviser, a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets as follows: 0.15% (annual rate as a percentage of average daily net assets).

 

 Fund Sponsor

 

The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with the Sub-Adviser (the “Fund Sponsor”). Under this arrangement, the Fund Sponsor has agreed to provide financial support to the Fund (as described below) and, in turn, the Adviser has agreed to share with the Fund Sponsor a portion of profits, if any, generated by the Fund’s Advisory Fee (also as described below). Every month, the Advisory Fee, which is a unitary management fee, is calculated and paid to the Adviser.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee exceeds the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, the Adviser pays the net total to the Fund Sponsor. The amount paid to the Fund Sponsor represents both the subadvisory fee and any remaining profits from the Advisory Fee. During months where there are no profits or the funds are not sufficient to cover the entire sub-advisory fee, the sub-advisory fee is automatically waived.

 

If the amount of the unitary management fee is less than the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Fund Sponsor is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for the shortfall.

 

Approval of Advisory Agreement & Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement and the sub-advisory agreement with respect to the Fund will be available in the Fund’s Semi-Annual Report for the fiscal period ended March 31, 2023.

 

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Portfolio Managers

 

Messrs. Wesley R. Gray and John Vogel are co-portfolio managers, responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

 

Wesley R. Gray, Ph.D., is the founder and Executive Managing Member of the Adviser, which he founded in 2014, and Alpha Architect (the Sub-Adviser), which he founded in 2010. Dr. Gray has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. Dr. Gray has published four books: Embedded: A Marine Corps Adviser Inside the Iraqi Army, Quantitative Value: A Practitioner’s Guide to Automating Intelligent Investment and Eliminating Behavioral Errors, DIY Financial Advisor: A simple Solution to Build and Protect Your Wealth, and Quantitative Momentum: A Practitioner’s Guide to Building a Momentum-Based Stock Selection System. Since 2010, Dr. Gray has served as a finance professor at Drexel University’s LeBow College of Business. In 2010, Dr. Gray received a Ph.D./M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. From 2004 through 2008, Dr. Gray was a Ground Intelligence Officer in the United States Marine Corps, attaining the rank of captain. Dr. Gray graduated magna cum laude with a B.S. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Gray holds the Series 65 and 3 licenses.

 

John Vogel, Ph.D., has served as a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. Dr. Vogel has been a Managing Member of Alpha Architect (the Sub-Adviser) since 2012 where he serves as the CFO, heads the research department and assists in business development and operations. Dr. Vogel conducts research in empirical asset pricing and behavioral finance and is a co-author of DIY Financial Advisor: A Simple Solution to Build and Protect Your Wealth, and Quantitative Momentum: A Practitioner’s Guide to Building a Momentum-Based Stock Selection System. His academic experience involves being an instructor and research assistant at Drexel University from September 2006 until March 2014 in both the Finance and Mathematics departments as well as an adjunct finance instructor at Villanova University since January 2015. Dr. Vogel received a Ph.D. in Finance from Drexel University. He has a M.S. in Mathematics from Drexel University, and graduated summa cum laude with a B.S. in Mathematics and Education from The University of Scranton. Dr. Vogel holds the Series 65 and 3 licenses.

 

The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts each manages, their ownership in the Fund and compensation.

 

Other Service Providers

 

Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Distributor”) serves as the distributor of Creation Units (defined above) for the Fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, is the administrator, fund accountant, and transfer agent for the Fund.

 

U.S. Bank National Association is the custodian for the Fund.

 

Practus, LLP, 11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310, Leawood, Kansas 66211, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

 

Spicer Jeffries LLP, 4601 DTC Boulevard, Suite 700, Denver, CO 80237, serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Fund.

 

The Exchange

 

Shares of the Fund are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated, in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Shares of the Fund to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares of the Fund in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Shares of the Fund. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

 

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Buying and Selling Fund Shares

 

Shares will be issued or redeemed by the Fund at NAV per Share only in Creation Units of 10,000 Shares. Creation Units are generally issued and redeemed only in-kind for securities although a portion may be in cash.

 

Shares will trade on the secondary market, however, which is where most retail investors will buy and sell Shares. It is expected that only a limited number of institutional investors, called Authorized Participants or “APs,” will purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund. APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV per Share only in large blocks, or Creation Units. Purchases and redemptions directly with the Fund must follow the Fund’s procedures, which are described in the SAI.

 

Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable with the Fund.

 

Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market

 

Most investors will buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers and, therefore, must have a brokerage account to buy and sell Shares. Shares can be bought or sold through your broker throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded issuer. The Trust does not impose any redemption fees or restrictions on redemptions of Shares in the secondary market. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for Shares. The price at which you buy or sell Shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the Shares. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest in the Fund and no minimum number of Shares you must buy.

 

Shares of the Fund are listed on the Exchange under the following symbols:

 

Fund Trading Symbol
Alpha Architect High Inflation and Deflation ETF HIDE

 

The Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

For information about buying and selling Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets, please contact your broker or dealer.

 

Book Entry. Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), or its nominee, will be the registered owner of all outstanding Shares of the Fund and is recognized as the owner of all Shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any stocks that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of Shares, and tax information.

 

Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income dividends and capital gain distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund.

 

Share Trading Prices. The trading prices of the Fund’s Shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV and can be affected by market forces of supply and demand for the Fund’s Shares, the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities, economic conditions, and other factors.

 

The Exchange through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or another market information provider intends to disseminate the approximate value of the Fund’s portfolio every fifteen seconds during regular U.S. trading hours. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of the Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day. The quotations for certain investments may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the U.S., except such quotations may be updated to reflect currency fluctuations. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate values and make no warranty as to the accuracy of these values.

 

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Continuous Offering. The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur at any point. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirements and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker- dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with engaging in ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on a national exchange.

 

Active Investors and Market Timing

 

The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by the Fund’s shareholders. The Board noted that the Fund’s Shares can be purchased and redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in the Fund’s Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve the Fund, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Fund’s trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with the Fund, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), the Board noted that those trades do not cause the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to the Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, although in certain circumstances (e.g., in conjunction with a reconstitution of the Fund’s portfolio), such trades may benefit Fund shareholders by increasing the tax efficiency of the Fund. The Board also noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that the Fund’s Shares trade at or close to NAV. In addition, the Fund will impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the Fund’s Shares.

 

Distribution and Service Plan

 

The Fund has adopted the Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Under the Plan, the Fund may be authorized to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to the Distributor and other firms that provide distribution and shareholder services (“Service Providers”). As of the date of this Prospectus, the maximum amount payable under the Plan is set at 0% until further action by the Board. In the event 12b-1 fees are charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in the Fund because they would be paid on an ongoing basis.

 

Net Asset Value

 

The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.

 

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The Fund calculates its NAV per Share by:

 

  Taking the current market value of its total assets,

 

  Subtracting any liabilities, and

 

  Dividing that amount by the total number of Shares owned by shareholders.

 

If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Units.

 

Because securities listed on foreign exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its Shares, the NAV of the Fund, to the extent it may hold foreign securities, may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares. In particular, where all or a portion of the Fund’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market in which the Fund’s shares are listed and trading in that market is open, there may be changes between the last quote from its closed foreign market and the value of such security during the Fund’s domestic trading day. In addition, please note that this in turn could lead to differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

 

Equity securities that are traded on a national securities exchange, except those listed on the NASDAQ Global Market® (“NASDAQ”) are valued at the last reported sale price on the exchange on which the security is principally traded. Securities traded on NASDAQ will be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded or NASDAQ security does not trade, then the most recent quoted bid for exchange traded or the mean between the most recent quoted bid and ask price for NASDAQ securities will be used. Equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange are generally valued at the last sale price in the over-the-counter market. If a nonexchange traded security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean between the last quoted closing bid and asked price will be used.

 

The value of assets denominated in foreign currencies is converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates deemed appropriate by the Fund.

 

Redeemable securities issued by open-end investment companies are valued at the investment company’s applicable net asset value, with the exception of exchange-traded open-end investment companies which are priced as equity securities.

 

If a market price is not readily available or is deemed not to reflect market value, the Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on a determination of the security’s fair value pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board.

 

Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Shares. However, when the Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Shares’ NAV performance to diverge from the Shares’ market price and from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare the Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate.

 

Fund Website and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Trust maintains a website for the Fund at www.alphaarchitect.com/funds. Among other things, the website will include this Prospectus and the SAI, and will include the Fund’s holdings, the Fund’s last annual and semi-annual reports (when available). The website will show the Fund’s daily NAV per share, market price, and premium or discount, each as of the prior business day. The website will also show the extent and frequency of the Fund’s premiums and discounts. Further, the website will include the Fund’s median bid-ask spread over the most recent thirty calendar days.

 

Each day the Fund is open for business, the Trust publicly disseminates the Fund’s full portfolio holdings as of the close of the previous day through its website at www.alphaarchitect.com/funds. A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.

 

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Investments by Other Investment Companies

 

For purposes of the Investment Company Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by registered investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act, except as permitted by Rule 6c-11, Rule 12d1-4, or an exemptive order of the SEC. No relief from Section 12(d)(1) is available for investments in the Fund since it operates as an “ETF of ETFs.”

 

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:

 

  Your Fund makes distributions,

 

  You sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and

 

  You purchase or redeem Creation Units.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Dividends and Distributions. The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund expects to declare and to distribute its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends annually. The Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. Distributions may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available.

 

Avoid “Buying a Dividend.” At the time you purchase Shares of the Fund, the Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying Shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”

 

Taxes

 

Tax Considerations. The Fund expects, based on its investment objective and strategies, that its distributions, if any, will be taxable as ordinary income, capital gain, or some combination of both. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Shares or receive them in cash. For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gain no matter how long you have owned your Shares. A portion of income dividends reported by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation by individual shareholders at long-term capital gain rates provided certain holding period requirements are met.

 

Taxes on Sales of Shares. A sale or exchange of Shares is a taxable event and, accordingly, a capital gain or loss will generally be recognized. Currently, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

 

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Medicare Tax. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

 

Backup Withholding. By law, if you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your Shares. The Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 24% of any distributions or proceeds paid.

 

State and Local Taxes. Fund distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.

 

Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units. An AP who exchanges equity securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of purchase and the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and the cash amount paid. A person who exchanges Creation Units for equity securities generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate market value of the securities received and the cash amount received. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

 

Under current federal tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less.

 

If the Fund redeems Creation Units in cash, it may recognize more capital gains than it will if it redeems Creation Units in-kind.

 

Foreign Tax Credits. If the Fund qualifies to pass through to you the tax benefits from foreign taxes it pays on its investments, and elects to do so, then any foreign taxes it pays on these investments may be passed through to you as a foreign tax credit.

 

Non-U.S. Investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate and U.S. estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding and claim any treaty benefits. An exemption from U.S. withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains, if any. The exemptions from U.S. withholding for interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends have expired for taxable years of the Fund that begin on or after January 1, 2014. It is unclear as of the date of this prospectus whether Congress will reinstate the exemptions for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends or, if reinstated, whether such exemptions would have retroactive effect. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any such dividends and distributions of income and capital gains will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements. Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), the Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on (a) income dividends paid by the Fund after June 30, 2014, and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Shares paid by the Fund after Dec. 31, 2016, to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of the Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.

 

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Possible Tax Law Changes. At the time that this prospectus is being prepared, various administrative and legislative changes to the federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will be made or what the changes might entail.

 

This discussion of “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund.

 

Financial Highlights

 

The Fund is newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus and does not have financial highlights to present at this time.

 

If you would like more information about the Fund and the Trust, the following documents are available free, upon request:

 

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders

 

Additional information about the Fund will be in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available. The annual report will explain the market conditions and investment strategies affecting the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The SAI dated November 15, 2022, which contains more details about the Fund, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this Prospectus.

 

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semi-annual report, when available, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund, please contact us as follows:

 

Call:   (215) 882-9983
     
Write:   19 East Eagle Road
    Havertown, PA 19083
     
Visit:   www.alphaarchitect.com/funds

 

Paper Copies

 

Please note that paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports will generally not be sent, unless you specifically request paper copies of the Fund’s reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

You may elect to receive all future Fund reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of Fund shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.

 

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission

 

Information about the Fund, including its reports and the SAI, has been filed with the SEC. It can be reviewed on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov). You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address ([email protected]) or by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.

 

Investment Company Act File No. 811-22961.

 

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