The AB Active ETFs
PROSPECTUS | MARCH
31, 2023
The AB Active ETFs
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AB Ultra Short Income ETF
(Ticker
Symbol: YEAR)
(Exchange:
NYSE Arca) |
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AB Tax-Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
(Ticker
Symbol: TAFI)
(Exchange:
NYSE Arca) |
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The
Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these
securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to
the contrary is a criminal offense.
Investment
Products Offered
|
Ø Are Not
FDIC Insured
Ø May
Lose Value
Ø Are Not Bank Guaranteed |
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY
INFORMATION
AB
Ultra Short Income ETF
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
The
Fund’s investment objective is to provide current income, consistent with
preservation of capital.
FEES
AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. You may be required to pay
commissions and/or other forms of compensation to a broker for transactions in
shares, which are not reflected in the tables or the examples below.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your
investment)
None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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Management
Fees |
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0.25% |
(a) |
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Distribution
and/or Service (12b‑1) Fees |
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None |
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Other
Expenses(b) |
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0.00% |
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Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
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0.25% |
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(a) |
The Fund’s investment advisory agreement
provides that AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Adviser”) will pay
substantially all expenses of the Fund (including expenses of AB Active
ETFs, Inc. relating to the Fund), except for the advisory fees, payments
under the Fund’s 12b‑1 plan (if any), interest expenses, taxes, acquired
fund fees and expenses (other than fees and expenses for funds advised by
the Adviser and/or its affiliates), and litigation and extraordinary
expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
Additionally, the Fund shall be responsible for its non‑operating
expenses, including brokerage
commissions. |
(b) |
Total “Other Expenses” are
based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal
year. |
Examples
The
Examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. The Examples assume that you invest
$10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your
shares at the end of those periods. The Examples also assume that your
investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses stay
the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these
assumptions your costs would be:
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After
1 Year |
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$ |
26 |
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After
3 Years |
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$ |
80 |
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Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys or sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These transaction costs, which are not
reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Examples, affect the
Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal period, the Fund’s portfolio
turnover rate was 35% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL
STRATEGIES
The
Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). The Fund will pursue
its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in a mix of
U.S. Government and investment grade corporate fixed-income securities. Under
normal circumstances, the Fund will maintain a dollar-weighted average duration
of less than one year, although it may invest in securities of any duration or
maturity. The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
securities, certificates of deposit and commercial paper. The Fund expects to
invest a portion of its assets in the AB
Government Money Market Portfolio (the “Money Market Portfolio”), a
series of AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc. that is managed by the Adviser, to gain
exposure to fixed-income securities with shorter durations relative to the
Fund’s average duration. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers,
which will typically be denominated in U.S. Dollars, and may include securities
of both government and corporate issuers. The Fund expects to engage in active
and frequent trading of its portfolio securities.
The
Adviser selects securities for purchase or sale based on the Adviser’s view of
market conditions and investment opportunities, and on the Adviser’s assessment
of the securities’ risks and return characteristics as well as the securities’
impact on the overall risks
4
and
return characteristics of the Fund. In making this assessment, the Adviser takes
into account various factors, including primary and secondary market liquidity,
the credit quality and sensitivity to interest rates of the securities under
consideration, and of the Fund’s other
holdings.
Although
not part of its principal investment strategies, the Fund may invest in
derivatives.
The
Fund is not a money market fund and does not seek to maintain a stable net asset
value of $1.00 per share.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS
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Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s
assets will fluctuate as the bond market fluctuates. The value of its
investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, simply
because of economic changes or other events, including public health
crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness),
interest rate levels, and regional and global conflicts, that affect large
portions of the market. |
• |
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Credit Risk: An issuer or guarantor of a
fixed-income security may be unable or unwilling to make timely payments
of interest or principal, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
issuer or guarantor may default, causing a loss of the full principal
amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a
particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. There is the
possibility that the credit rating of a fixed-income security may be
downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the
security. |
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Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest
rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities.
When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in
fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not
be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is
generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or
durations. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest
rates than would normally be the case due to the recent end of a period of
historically low rates and the effects of potential central bank monetary
policy, and government fiscal policy, initiatives and resulting market
reactions to those
initiatives. |
• |
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Duration Risk: Duration is a measure that
relates the expected price volatility of a fixed-income security to
changes in interest rates. The duration of a fixed-income security may be
shorter than or equal to full maturity of a fixed-income security.
Fixed-income securities with longer durations have more risk and will
decrease in price as interest rates rise. For example, a fixed-income
security with a duration of three years will likely decrease in value by
approximately 3% if interest rates increase by
1%. |
• |
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Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the
value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as
inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value
of the Fund’s assets can decline as can the value of the Fund’s
distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income
securities with longer
maturities. |
• |
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Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed
Securities Risk: Investments in mortgage-related and other
asset-backed securities are subject to certain additional risks. The value
of these securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest
rates. These risks include “extension risk”, which is the risk that, in
periods of rising interest rates, issuers may delay the payment of
principal, and “prepayment risk”, which is the risk that in periods of
falling interest rates, issuers may pay principal sooner than expected,
exposing the Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of
principal. Mortgage-backed securities offered by nongovernmental issuers
and other asset-backed securities may be subject to other risks, such as
higher rates of default in the mortgages or assets backing the securities
or risks associated with the nature and servicing of mortgages or assets
backing the securities. Some mortgage-backed securities are “TBA”
securities, which have additional
risks. |
• |
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Foreign (Non‑U.S.) Investments Risk:
Investments in securities of non‑U.S. issuers may involve more risk than
those of U.S. issuers. These securities may fluctuate more widely in price
and may be more difficult to trade than domestic securities due to adverse
market, economic, political, regulatory or other
factors. |
• |
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Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid
investments risk exists when certain investments are or become difficult
to purchase or sell. Difficulty in selling such investments may result in
sales at disadvantageous prices affecting the value of your investment in
the Fund. Causes of illiquid investments risk may include low trading
volumes and large positions. Foreign fixed-income securities may have more
illiquid investments risk because secondary trading markets for these
securities may be smaller and less well-developed and the securities may
trade less frequently. Illiquid investments risk may be higher in a rising
interest rate environment, when the value and liquidity of fixed-income
securities generally go
down. |
• |
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Active Trading Risk: The Fund expects to
engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio securities and its
portfolio turnover rate may greatly exceed 100%. A higher rate of
portfolio turnover increases transaction costs, which may negatively
affect the Fund’s return. In addition, a high rate of portfolio turnover
may result in substantial short-term gains, which may have adverse tax
consequences for Fund
shareholders. |
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Investment in Other Investment Companies
Risk: As with other investments, investments in other investment
companies are subject to market and selection risk. In addition,
shareholders of the Fund bear both their proportionate share of expenses
in |
5
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the
Fund (including management fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of the
investment companies in which the Fund invests to the extent these
expenses are not waived or reimbursed by the
Adviser. |
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ETF Share Price and Net Asset Value Risk: The Fund’s shares are listed for
trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares are bought and
sold in the secondary market at market prices. The net asset value per
share (“NAV”) of the Fund will fluctuate with changes in the market value
of the Fund’s holdings. The Fund’s NAV is calculated once per day, at the
end of the day. The market price of a share on the Exchange could be
higher than the NAV (premium), or lower than the NAV (discount) and may
fluctuate during the trading day. When all or a portion of the Fund’s
underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market for
the Fund’s shares is open, there may be differences between the current
value of a security and the last quoted price for that security in the
closed local market, which could lead to a deviation between the market
value of the Fund’s shares and the Fund’s NAV. Disruptions in the
creations and redemptions process or the existence of extreme market
volatility could result in the Fund’s shares trading above or below NAV.
As the Fund may invest in securities traded on foreign exchanges, Fund
shares may trade at a larger premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV than
shares of other ETFs. In addition, in stressed market conditions, the
market for Fund shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating
liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings. |
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Authorized Participant Risk: Only a
limited number of financial institutions that enter into an authorized
participant relationship with the Fund (“Authorized Participants”) may
engage in creation or redemption transactions. If the Fund’s Authorized
Participants decide not to create or redeem shares, Fund shares may trade
at a larger premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV, or the Fund could face
trading halts or
de‑listing. |
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Active Trading Market Risk: There is no
guarantee that an active trading market for Fund shares will exist at all
times. In times of market stress, markets can suffer erratic or
unpredictable trading activity, extraordinary volatility or wide bid/ask
spreads, which could cause some market makers and Authorized Participants
to reduce their market activity or “step away” from making a market in ETF
shares. Market makers and Authorized Participants are not obligated to
place or execute purchase and redemption orders. This could cause the
Fund’s market price to deviate, materially, from the NAV, and reduce the
effectiveness of the ETF arbitrage process. Any absence of an active
trading market for Fund shares could lead to a heightened risk that there
will be a difference between the market price of a Fund share and the
underlying value of the Fund
share. |
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Management Risk: The Fund is subject to
management risk because it is an actively-managed ETF. The Adviser will
apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment
decisions, but there is no guarantee that its techniques will produce the
intended results. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon,
quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will
generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as
expected. |
As with all investments, you may lose money by investing
in the Fund.
BAR
CHART AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
No performance information is presented for
the Fund because it has not yet been in operation for a full calendar
year.
INVESTMENT
ADVISER
AllianceBernstein
L.P. is the investment adviser for the Fund.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS
The
following table lists the persons responsible for day‑to‑day management of the
Fund’s portfolio:
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Employee |
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Length of Service |
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Title |
Lucas Krupa |
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Since September 2022 |
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Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
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Matthew S. Sheridan |
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Since September 2022 |
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Senior Vice President of the
Adviser |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF and does not seek to track the performance of an
index. Individual shares of the Fund are listed on the Exchange. Most investors
will buy and sell shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer. The price of Fund
shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices
rather than at NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or
less than NAV (a discount). The Fund will only issue or redeem shares that have
been aggregated into blocks of 25,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation
Units”) to a limited number of Authorized Participants who have entered into
agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund generally will issue or redeem
Creation Units in return for a designated basket of cash and/or portfolio
securities that the Fund specifies each day. To the extent the Fund’s Creation
Units are issued or redeemed for cash, the Fund may incur transaction and other
costs, and/or capital gains, which may or may not be offset, in whole or in
part, by a transaction fee paid by an Authorized Participant.
6
Information
about the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid‑ask spreads
are available on the Fund’s website at www.abfunds.com.
TAX
INFORMATION
The
Fund may pay income dividends or make capital gains distributions, which may be
subject to federal income taxes and taxable as ordinary income or capital gains,
and may also be subject to state and local taxes.
PAYMENTS
TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The
Adviser and its affiliates make payments to brokers, dealers and other financial
intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares and other services. These payments
may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker, dealer or other
financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
7
AB
Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE
The
Fund seeks to provide relative stability of principal and a moderate rate of
after‑tax return and income.
FEES
AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Fund. You may be required to pay
commissions and/or other forms of compensation to a broker for transactions in
shares, which are not reflected in the tables or the examples below.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your
investment)
None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that
you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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Management
Fees |
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0.27% |
(a) |
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Distribution
and/or Service (12b‑1) Fees |
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|
None |
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| |
Other
Expenses(b) |
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0.00% |
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| |
|
|
|
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
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0.27% |
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| |
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(a) |
The Fund’s investment advisory agreement
provides that AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Adviser”) will pay
substantially all expenses of the Fund (including expenses of AB Active
ETFs, Inc. relating to the Fund), except for the advisory fees, payments
under the Fund’s 12b‑1 plan (if any), interest expenses, taxes, acquired
fund fees and expenses (other than fees and expenses for funds advised by
the Adviser and/or its affiliates), and litigation and extraordinary
expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
Additionally, the Fund shall be responsible for its non‑operating
expenses, including brokerage
commissions. |
(b) |
Total “Other Expenses” are
based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal
year. |
Examples
The
Examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other funds. The Examples assume that you invest
$10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your
shares at the end of those periods. The Examples also assume that your
investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses stay
the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these
assumptions your costs would be:
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After
1 Year |
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$ |
28 |
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After
3 Years |
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$ |
87 |
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Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys or sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These transaction costs, which are not
reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Examples, affect the
Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal period, the Fund’s portfolio
turnover rate was 11% of the average value of its
portfolio.
PRINCIPAL
STRATEGIES
The
Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). The Fund pursues its
objective by investing principally in a national portfolio of both municipal and
taxable fixed-income securities. The Fund invests, under normal circumstances,
at least 80% of its total assets in municipal securities that pay interest that
is exempt from federal income tax. These securities may pay interest that is
subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for certain taxpayers. The income
earned and distributed to shareholders on non‑municipal securities would not be
exempt from federal income tax. The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities
rated below investment grade (commonly known as “junk bonds”), although such
securities are not expected to be the Fund’s primary focus. The Fund may invest
in securities issued or guaranteed by Puerto Rico or its agencies or
instrumentalities.
The
Adviser selects securities for the Fund based on a variety of factors, including
credit quality, maturity, diversification benefits, and the relative expected
after‑tax returns of taxable and municipal securities (considering federal tax
rates and without regard to state and local income taxes). Consistent with the
Fund’s objective to provide a moderate rate of after‑tax return, an investor in
the Fund may incur a tax liability that will generally be greater than the same
investor would have in a fund investing exclusively in municipal securities, and
that will be higher if the investor is in a higher tax bracket. In addition, the
tax implications of the Fund’s trading activity, such as realizing taxable
gains, are considered in making purchase and sale decisions for the Fund.
Consistent with
8
the
Fund’s investment objective, the Fund could continue to hold a security even if
the interest on that security changes from being tax‑exempt to taxable. Under
normal circumstances, the Fund will maintain a dollar-weighted average duration
of less than three years, although it may invest in securities of any duration
or maturity.
The
Fund may also invest in forward commitments, and variable and floating-rate
municipal securities.
The
Fund may use derivatives, primarily swaps, but also options, futures contracts
and forwards, to achieve its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may
enter into interest rate swaps relating to municipal and taxable fixed-income
securities or credit default swaps relating to securities indices. Derivatives
may provide more efficient and economical exposure to fixed-income securities
markets than direct investments.
The
Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities or obligations
that are related in such a way that business or political developments or
changes affecting one such security could also affect the others (for example,
securities with interest that is paid from projects of a similar
type).
PRINCIPAL
RISKS
• |
|
Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s
assets will fluctuate as the bond market fluctuates. The value of its
investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, simply
because of economic changes or other events, including public health
crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness),
interest rate levels, and regional and global conflicts, that affect large
portions of the market. |
• |
|
Credit Risk: An issuer or guarantor of a
fixed-income security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other
contract, may be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest
or principal, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or
guarantor may default, causing a loss of the full principal amount of a
security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular
security may be reflected in its credit rating. There is the possibility
that the credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after
purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the
security. |
• |
|
Below Investment Grade Securities Risk:
Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings (commonly known
as “junk bonds”) are subject to a higher probability that an issuer will
default or fail to meet its payment obligations. These securities may be
subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific
municipal or corporate developments and negative performance of the junk
bond market generally and may be more difficult to trade than other types
of securities. |
• |
|
Municipal Market Risk: This is the risk
that special factors may adversely affect the value of municipal
securities and have a significant effect on the yield or value of the
Fund’s investments in municipal securities. These factors include economic
conditions, political or legislative changes, public health crises,
uncertainties related to the tax status of municipal securities, and the
rights of investors in these securities. To the extent that the Fund
invests more of its assets in a particular state’s municipal securities,
the Fund may be vulnerable to events adversely affecting that state,
including economic, political and regulatory occurrences, court decisions,
terrorism, public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious
disease or illness) and catastrophic natural disasters, such as
hurricanes, fires or earthquakes. For example, the novel coronavirus
(COVID‑19) pandemic has significantly stressed the financial resources of
many issuers of municipal securities, which could impair any such issuer’s
ability to meet its financial obligations when due and adversely impact
the value of its securities held by the Fund. As the full effects of the
COVID‑19 pandemic on state and local economies and on issuers of municipal
securities are still uncertain, the financial difficulties of issuers of
municipal securities may worsen, adversely affecting the performance of
the Fund. The Fund’s investments in certain municipal securities with
principal and interest payments that are made from the revenues of a
specific project or facility, and not general tax revenues, may have
increased risks. Factors affecting the project or facility, such as local
business or economic conditions, could have a significant effect on the
project’s ability to make payments of principal and interest on these
securities. |
In
addition, changes in tax rates or the treatment of income from certain types of
municipal securities, among other things, could negatively affect the municipal
securities markets.
The
Fund invests, from time to time, in the municipal securities of Puerto Rico and
other U.S. territories and their governmental agencies and municipalities, which
are exempt from federal, state, and, where applicable, local income taxes. These
municipal securities may have more risks than those of other U.S. issuers of
municipal securities. Puerto Rico continues to face a very challenging economic
and fiscal environment, worsened by the spread of COVID‑19 and the adverse
effect that related governmental and public responses have had on Puerto Rico’s
economy. If the general economic situation in Puerto Rico continues to persist
or worsens, the volatility and credit quality of Puerto Rican municipal
securities could continue to be adversely affected, and the market for such
securities may deteriorate further.
• |
|
Tax Risk: From time to time, the U.S.
Government and the U.S. Congress consider changes in federal tax law that
could limit or eliminate the federal tax exemption for municipal bond
income, which would in effect reduce the income received by shareholders
from the Fund by increasing taxes on that income. In such event, the
Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) could also
decline |
9
|
as
yields on municipal bonds, which are typically lower than those on taxable
bonds, would be expected to increase to approximately the yield of
comparable taxable bonds. Actions or anticipated actions affecting the
tax-exempt status of municipal bonds could also result in significant
shareholder redemptions of Fund shares as investors anticipate adverse
effects on the Fund or seek higher yields to offset the potential loss of
the tax deduction. As a result, the Fund would be required to maintain
higher levels of cash to meet the redemptions, which would negatively
affect the Fund’s yield. |
• |
|
Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest
rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities.
When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in
fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not
be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is
generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or
durations. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest
rates than would normally be the case due to the recent end of a period of
historically low rates and the effects of potential central bank monetary
policy, and government fiscal policy, initiatives and resulting market
reactions to those
initiatives. |
• |
|
Duration Risk: Duration is a measure that
relates the expected price volatility of a fixed-income security to
changes in interest rates. The duration of a fixed-income security may be
shorter than or equal to full maturity of a fixed-income security.
Fixed-income securities with longer durations have more risk and will
decrease in price as interest rates rise. For example, a fixed-income
security with a duration of three years will likely decrease in value by
approximately 3% if interest rates increase by
1%. |
• |
|
Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the
value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as
inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value
of the Fund’s assets can decline as can the value of the Fund’s
distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income
securities with longer
maturities. |
• |
|
Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid
investments risk exists when certain investments are or become difficult
to purchase or sell. Difficulty in selling such investments may result in
sales at disadvantageous prices affecting the value of your investment in
the Fund. Causes of illiquid investments risk may include low trading
volumes and large positions. Municipal securities may have more illiquid
investments risk than other fixed-income securities because they trade
less frequently and the market for municipal securities is generally
smaller than many other
markets. |
• |
|
Leverage Risk: To the extent the Fund
uses leveraging techniques, such as derivatives, its NAV may be more
volatile because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of changes in
interest rates and any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s
investments. |
• |
|
Derivatives Risk: Derivatives may be
difficult to price or unwind and may be leveraged so that small changes
may produce disproportionate losses for the Fund. A short position in a
derivative instrument involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited
increase in the value of the underlying asset, which could cause the Fund
to suffer a potentially unlimited loss. Derivatives, especially
over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which
is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the
transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to
honor its contractual obligations to the
Fund. |
• |
|
Variable and Floating-Rate Securities Risk: Variable and
floating-rate securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted
periodically, according to a specific formula. Because the interest rate
is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rate on these
securities may lag behind changes in the prevailing market interest rates.
The value of the security may rise or fall depending on changes in
interest rates between periodic
resets. |
• |
|
When-Issued and Forward Commitment Risks:
These securities are purchased before the securities are actually issued
or delivered. These securities are subject to the risk that, when
delivered, they will be worth less than the agreed-upon purchase
price. |
• |
|
ETF Share Price and Net Asset Value Risk: The Fund’s shares are listed for
trading on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares are bought and
sold in the secondary market at market prices. The NAV per share of the
Fund will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s
holdings. The Fund’s NAV is calculated once per day, at the end of the
day. The market price of a share on the Exchange could be higher than the
NAV (premium), or lower than the NAV (discount) and may fluctuate during
the trading day. When all or a portion of the Fund’s underlying securities
trade in a market that is closed when the market for the Fund’s shares is
open, there may be differences between the current value of a security and
the last quoted price for that security in the closed local market, which
could lead to a deviation between the market value of the Fund’s shares
and the Fund’s NAV. Disruptions in the creations and redemptions process
or the existence of extreme market volatility could result in the Fund’s
shares trading above or below NAV. As the Fund may invest in securities
traded on foreign exchanges, Fund shares may trade at a larger premium or
discount to the Fund’s NAV than shares of other ETFs. In addition, in
stressed market conditions, the market for Fund shares may become less
liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the
Fund’s underlying portfolio
holdings. |
• |
|
Authorized Participant Risk: Only a
limited number of financial institutions that enter into an authorized
participant relationship with the Fund (“Authorized Participants”) may
engage in creation or redemption transactions. If the Fund’s Authorized
Participants decide not to create or redeem shares, Fund shares may trade
at a larger premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV, or the Fund could face
trading halts or
de‑listing. |
10
• |
|
Active Trading Market Risk: There is no
guarantee that an active trading market for Fund shares will exist at all
times. In times of market stress, markets can suffer erratic or
unpredictable trading activity, extraordinary volatility or wide bid/ask
spreads, which could cause some market makers and Authorized Participants
to reduce their market activity or “step away” from making a market in ETF
shares. Market makers and Authorized Participants are not obligated to
place or execute purchase and redemption orders. This could cause the
Fund’s market price to deviate, materially, from the NAV, and reduce the
effectiveness of the ETF arbitrage process. Any absence of an active
trading market for Fund shares could lead to a heightened risk that there
will be a difference between the market price of a Fund share and the
underlying value of the Fund
share. |
• |
|
Management Risk: The Fund is subject to
management risk because it is an actively-managed ETF. The Adviser will
apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment
decisions, but there is no guarantee that its techniques will produce the
intended results. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon,
quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will
generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as
expected. |
As with all investments, you may lose money by investing
in the Fund.
BAR
CHART AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
No performance information is presented for
the Fund because it has not yet been in operation for a full calendar
year.
INVESTMENT
ADVISER
AllianceBernstein
L.P. is the investment adviser for the Fund.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS
The
following table lists the persons responsible for day‑to‑day management of the
Fund’s portfolio:
|
|
|
| |
Employee |
|
Length of Service |
|
Title |
Daryl Clements |
|
Since February 2023 |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
|
| |
Matthew J. Norton |
|
Since September 2022 |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
|
| |
Andrew D. Potter |
|
Since September 2022 |
|
Vice President of the
Adviser |
PURCHASE
AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
The
Fund is an actively managed ETF and does not seek to track the performance of an
index. Individual shares of the Fund are listed on the Exchange. Most investors
will buy and sell shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer. The price of Fund
shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices
rather than at NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or
less than NAV (a discount). The Fund will only issue or redeem shares that have
been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation
Units”) to a limited number of Authorized Participants who have entered into
agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund generally will issue or redeem
Creation Units in return for a designated basket of cash and/or portfolio
securities that the Fund specifies each day. To the extent the Fund’s Creation
Units are issued or redeemed for cash, the Fund may incur transaction and other
costs, and/or capital gains, which may or may not be offset, in whole or in
part, by a transaction fee paid by an Authorized Participant.
Information
about the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid‑ask spreads
are available on the Fund’s website at www.abfunds.com.
TAX
INFORMATION
The
Fund may pay income dividends or make capital gains distributions, which may be
subject to federal income taxes and taxable as ordinary income or capital gains,
and may also be subject to state and local taxes.
PAYMENTS
TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The
Adviser and its affiliates make payments to brokers, dealers and other financial
intermediaries for the sale of Fund shares and other services. These payments
may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker, dealer or other
financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
11
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ STRATEGIES, RISKS AND INVESTMENTS
Below
is additional information about the Funds’ investment strategies, practices and
related risks, including principal and non‑principal strategies and risks. Most
of these investment practices are discretionary, which means that the Adviser
may or may not decide to use them. This section does not describe all of a
Fund’s investment practices that are non‑principal strategies or all of the
related risks of such strategies. Each Fund’s principal strategies and risks are
described in its summary prospectus in the Summary Information section above,
and additional information about the Funds’ risks and investments can be found
in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
ESG
Integration
The
Adviser integrates environmental, social and corporate governance (“ESG”)
considerations into its research and investments analysis with the goal of
maximizing return and considering risk within the Fund’s investment objective
and strategies. Combining third-party ESG data with its own views and research,
the Adviser analyzes the ESG practices of companies and issuers to identify
potentially material ESG factors that can vary across companies and issuers. ESG
considerations may include but are not limited to environmental impact,
corporate governance and ethical business practices. ESG considerations may not
be applicable to all types of instruments or investments.
Market
Risk
The
market value of a security may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and
unpredictably. These fluctuations may cause a security to be worth less than the
price originally paid for it, or less than it was worth at an earlier time.
Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry, sector of the economy or the
market as a whole. Global economies and financial markets are increasingly
interconnected, which increases the probabilities that conditions in one country
or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.
Conditions affecting the general economy, including interest rate levels and
political, social, or economic instability at the local, regional, or global
level may also affect the market value of a security. Health crises, such as
pandemic and epidemic diseases, as well as other incidents that interrupt the
expected course of events, such as natural disasters, including fires,
earthquakes and flooding, war or civil disturbance, acts of terrorism, supply
chain disruptions, power outages and other unforeseeable and external events,
and the public response to or fear of such diseases or events, have had, and may
in the future have, an adverse effect on a Fund’s investments and net asset
value (“NAV”) and can lead to increased market volatility. For example, the
diseases or events themselves or any preventative or protective actions that
governments may take in respect of such diseases or events may result in periods
of business disruption, inability to obtain raw materials, supplies and
component parts, and reduced or disrupted operations for a Fund’s portfolio
companies. The occurrence and pendency of such diseases or events could
adversely affect the economies and financial markets either in specific
countries or worldwide. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The value of
assets or income from an investment may be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the
Funds’ assets may decline.
Derivatives
Each
Fund may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or other risk
management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Derivatives are
financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an
underlying asset, reference rate or index. A Fund may use derivatives to earn
income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its
investments, to replace more traditional direct investments and to obtain
exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets.
There
are four principal types of derivatives—options, futures contracts, forwards and
swaps—each of which is described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared
transactions where a Fund’s derivatives trade counterparty is an exchange or
clearinghouse, and non‑cleared bilateral “over‑the‑counter” transactions that
are privately negotiated and where the Fund’s derivative trade counterparty is a
financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend
to be subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are bilateral and
privately negotiated.
A
Fund’s use of derivatives may involve risks that are different from, or possibly
greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities or
other more traditional instruments. These risks include the risk that the value
of a derivative instrument may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the
value of the assets, reference rates, or indices that they are designed to
track. Other risks include: the possible absence of a liquid secondary market
for a particular instrument and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation
limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a
position when desired; and the risk that the counterparty will not perform its
obligations. Certain derivatives may have a leverage component and involve
leverage risk. Adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset,
note or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the Fund’s
investment (in some cases, the potential loss is unlimited).
The
Funds’ investments in derivatives may include, but are not limited to, the
following:
• |
|
Forward Contracts. A forward contract is
an agreement that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell,
a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other tangible asset for
an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is
settled by physical delivery of the commodity or tangible asset to an
agreed-upon location (rather than settled by cash) or is rolled forward
into a new forward contract or, in the case of a non‑deliverable
|
12
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forward,
by a cash payment at maturity. The Funds’ investments in forward contracts
may include the following: |
|
– |
Forward
Currency Exchange Contracts. A Fund may purchase or sell forward currency
exchange contracts for hedging purposes to minimize the risk from adverse
changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other
currencies or for non‑hedging purposes as a means of making direct
investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Other
Derivatives and Strategies—Currency Transactions”. A Fund, for example,
may enter into a forward contract as a transaction hedge (to “lock in” the
U.S. Dollar price of a non‑U.S. Dollar security), as a position hedge
(to protect the value of securities the Fund owns that are denominated in
a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of the foreign
currency) or as a cross-hedge (to protect the value of securities the Fund
owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial
changes in the value of that foreign currency by entering into a forward
contract for a different foreign currency that is expected to change in
the same direction as the currency in which the securities are
denominated). |
• |
|
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures
Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded
agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a
specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of
a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific
price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are
options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. A
Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge
against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or
options) or currencies. A Fund may also purchase or sell futures contracts
for foreign currencies or options thereon for non‑hedging purposes as a
means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described
below under “Other Derivatives and Strategies—Currency Transactions”.
|
• |
|
Options. An option is an agreement that,
for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the
right but not the obligation to buy (a “call option”) or sell (a “put
option”) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an
underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price)
during a period of time or on a specified date. Investments in options are
considered speculative. A Fund may lose the premium paid for them if the
price of the underlying security or other asset decreased or remained the
same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in
the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by a Fund
were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium
would represent a loss to the Fund. The Funds’ investments in options
include the following: |
|
– |
Options
on Foreign Currencies. A Fund may invest in options on foreign currencies
that are privately negotiated or traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges for
hedging purposes to protect against declines in the U.S. Dollar value
of foreign currency denominated securities held by a Fund and against
increases in the U.S. Dollar cost of securities to be acquired. The
purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective
hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates, although if rates move
adversely, a Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus
related transaction costs. A Fund may also invest in options on foreign
currencies for non‑hedging purposes as a means of making direct
investments in foreign currencies, as described below under “Other
Derivatives and Strategies—Currency Transactions”.
|
|
– |
Options
on Securities. A Fund may purchase or write a put or call option on
securities. A Fund may write covered options, which means writing an
option for securities the Fund owns, and uncovered options.
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|
– |
Options
on Securities Indices. An option on a securities index is similar to an
option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of
a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the
holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of
cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case
of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the
option. |
• |
|
Swap Transactions. A
swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of
cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon, or
calculated by, reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of
interest rate swaps or currency exchange rates in the case of currency
swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the “notional”
principal amount). Generally, the notional principal amount is used solely
to calculate the payment stream, but is not exchanged. Most swaps are
entered into on a net basis (i.e.,
the two payment streams are netted out, with a Fund receiving or paying,
as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Certain
standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit
default swaps, are subject to mandatory central clearing and are required
to be executed through a regulated swap execution facility. Cleared swaps
are transacted through futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) that are
members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as
central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Funds
post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under
cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member
FCMs. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit
risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap
transactions risk free. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)
may adopt similar clearing and execution requirements in respect of
certain security-based swaps under its jurisdiction. Privately negotiated
swap agreements are two‑party contracts entered into primarily by
institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party, nor are
these required to be executed on a regulated swap execution
|
13
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facility.
The Funds’ investments in swap transactions include the following:
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|
– |
Interest
Rate Swaps, Swaptions, Caps and Floors. Interest rate swaps involve the
exchange by a Fund with another party of payments calculated by reference
to specified interest rates (e.g.,
an exchange of floating-rate payments for fixed-rate payments). Unless
there is a counterparty default, the risk of loss to the Fund from
interest rate swap transactions is limited to the net amount of interest
payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the
counterparty to an interest rate swap transaction defaults, the Fund’s
risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund
contractually is entitled to receive. |
An
option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption”, is an option that gives
the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future
date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium”. A receiver swaption gives
the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference
rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total
return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include
options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the
counterparties.
The
purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a
specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of
interest on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the
interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the
purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined
interest rate, to receive payments of interest on an agreed principal amount
from the party selling the interest rate floor. It may be more difficult for a
Fund to trade or close out interest rate caps and floors in comparison to other
types of swaps.
There
is no limit on the amount of interest rate transactions that may be entered into
by a Fund. The value of these transactions will fluctuate based on changes in
interest rates.
Interest
rate swap, swaption, cap and floor transactions may, for example, be used in an
effort to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or a portion of
a Fund’s portfolio or to protect against an increase in the price of securities
a Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. Interest rate swaps may also be
used to leverage a Fund’s investments by creating positions that are
functionally similar to purchasing a municipal or other fixed-income security
but may only require payments to a swap counterparty under certain circumstances
and allow the Fund to efficiently increase (or decrease) its duration and
income.
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– |
Inflation
(CPI) Swaps. Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party
agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index (the
Consumer Price Index with respect to CPI swaps) over the term of the swap
(with some lag on the inflation index), and the other pays a compounded
fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the NAV of a
Fund against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an
inflation index since the value of these agreements is expected to
increase if inflation increases. A Fund will enter into inflation swaps on
a net basis. The values of inflation swap agreements are expected to
change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates
are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate
of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than
inflation, real interest rates may rise, leading to a decrease in value of
an inflation swap agreement. |
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– |
Credit
Default Swap Agreements. The “buyer” in a credit default swap contract is
obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term
of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of
a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation.
Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation
acceleration or restructuring. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in
the transaction. If a Fund is a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of
income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one
month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit
event occurs, a Fund, as seller, typically must pay the contingent payment
to the buyer, which will be either (i) the “par value” (face amount)
of the reference obligation, in which case the Fund will receive the
reference obligation in return or (ii) an amount equal to the
difference between the face amount and the current market value of the
reference obligation. As a buyer, if a credit event occurs, the Fund would
be the receiver of such contingent payments, either delivering the
reference obligation in exchange for the full notional (face) value of a
reference obligation that may have little or no value, or receiving a
payment equal to the difference between the face amount and the current
market value of the obligation. The current market value of the reference
obligation is typically determined via an auction process sponsored by the
International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. The periodic
payments previously received by the Fund, coupled with the value of any
reference obligation received, may be less than the full amount it pays to
the buyer, resulting in a loss to the Fund. If a Fund is a buyer and no
credit event occurs, the Fund will lose its periodic stream of payments
over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the
buyer typically receives full notional value for a reference obligation
that may have little or no value. |
Credit
default swaps may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the
reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general
market risk and credit risk and may be illiquid.
|
– |
Currency
Swaps. A Fund may invest in currency swaps for hedging purposes to protect
against adverse changes in |
14
|
exchange
rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non‑hedging
purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as
described below under “Other Derivatives and Strategies—Currency
Transactions”. Currency swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another
party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Currency swaps may
be bilateral and privately negotiated with the Fund expecting to achieve
an acceptable degree of correlation between its portfolio investments and
its currency swaps position. Currency swaps may involve the exchange of
actual principal amounts of currencies by the counterparties at the
initiation, and again upon the termination, of the transaction.
|
|
– |
Total
Return Swaps. A Fund may enter into total return swaps, under which one
party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying
asset, such as a security or basket of securities, or non‑asset reference,
such as a securities index, during the specified period in return for
periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total
return from different underlying assets or references. Total return swaps
could result in losses if the underlying asset or reference does not
perform as anticipated. |
|
– |
Variance
and Correlation Swaps. A Fund may enter into variance or correlation swaps
to hedge market risk or adjust exposure to the volatility of the
securities markets. Variance swaps are contracts in which two parties
agree to exchange cash payments based on the difference between the stated
level of variance and the actual variance realized on an underlying asset
or index. “Variance” as used here is defined as the sum of the square of
the returns on the reference asset or index (which in effect is a measure
of its “volatility”) over the length of the contract term. The parties to
a variance swap can be said to exchange actual volatility for a
contractually stated rate of volatility. Correlation swaps are contracts
in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the
differences between the stated and the actual correlation realized on the
underlying securities within a given index. “Correlation” as used here is
defined as the weighted average of the correlations between the daily
returns of each pair of securities within a given index. If two assets are
said to be closely correlated, it means that their daily returns vary in
similar proportions or along similar trajectories.
|
• |
|
Other Derivatives and Strategies
|
|
– |
Eurodollar
Instruments. Eurodollar instruments are essentially U.S.
Dollar-denominated futures contracts or options that are linked to the
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate.
Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for
the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. In
2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which
regulates LIBOR, announced a desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the
end of 2021. As announced by the FCA and LIBOR’s administrator, ICE
Benchmark Administration, most LIBOR settings (which reflect LIBOR rates
quoted in different currencies over various time periods) have not been
published since the end of 2021, but the most widely used U.S. Dollar
LIBOR settings are expected to continue to be published until
June 30, 2023. See “LIBOR Transition and Associated Risk” below for
additional information. |
|
– |
Currency
Transactions. A Fund may invest in non‑U.S. Dollar-denominated securities
on a currency hedged or un‑hedged basis. The Adviser may actively manage a
Fund’s currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking
long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related
derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures
contracts and options on futures contracts, swaps and options. The Adviser
may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it
anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value
but securities denominated in that currency are not held by a Fund and do
not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may
also be used when the Adviser believes that it may be more efficient than
a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. A Fund may
also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate
prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling
currencies). |
Convertible
Securities
Prior
to conversion, convertible securities have the same general characteristics as
non‑convertible debt securities, which generally provide a stable stream of
income with generally higher yields than those of equity securities of the same
or similar issuers. The price of a convertible security will normally vary with
changes in the price of the underlying equity security, although the higher
yield tends to make the convertible security less volatile than the underlying
equity security. As with debt securities, the market value of convertible
securities tends to decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest
rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or
dividend yields than non‑convertible debt securities of similar quality, they
offer investors the potential to benefit from increases in the market prices of
the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities that are rated Baa3 or
lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BBB‑ or lower by S&P
Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), or the equivalent rating
by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”),
and comparable unrated securities may share some or all of the risks of debt
securities with those ratings. For a description of credit ratings, see Appendix
A—Bond Ratings.
Event-Linked
Securities
Event-linked
securities are variable or fixed-rate fixed-income securities or types of equity
securities for which the return of principal and payment of interest are
contingent on the severity or non‑occurrence of various specified catastrophic
events, which may be specific trigger events or a diversified group of
15
events,
such as hurricanes, typhoons, wind events or earthquakes. The most common type
of event-linked fixed-income bonds are known as “catastrophe” or “cat” bonds. If
the trigger events do not occur, a Fund will recover its principal and interest.
If a trigger event occurs, a Fund may lose a portion of or its entire principal
invested in the securities. These securities are generally illiquid and may be
rated below investment grade or the unrated equivalent and have the same or
equivalent risks as higher yield debt securities (“junk bonds”).
Forward
Commitments
Forward
commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases on a
when-issued basis or purchases or sales on a delayed delivery basis. In some
cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a
subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate
reorganization or debt restructuring or approval of a proposed financing by
appropriate authorities (i.e., a “when,
as and if issued” trade).
AB Ultra Short Income ETF may invest in TBA
mortgage-backed securities. A TBA, or “To Be Announced”, trade represents a
contract for the purchase or sale of mortgage-backed securities to be delivered
at a future agreed-upon date; however, the specific mortgage pool numbers or the
number of pools that will be delivered to fulfill the trade obligation or terms
of the contract are unknown at the time of the trade. Mortgage pools (including
fixed-rate or variable-rate mortgages) guaranteed by the Government National
Mortgage Association, or GNMA, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or
FNMA, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, are subsequently
allocated to the TBA transactions.
When
forward commitments with respect to fixed-income securities are negotiated, the
price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the
commitment is made, but payment for and delivery of the securities take place at
a later date. Securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment are
subject to market fluctuation and no interest or dividends accrue to the
purchaser prior to the settlement date. There is a risk of loss if the value of
either a purchased security declines before the settlement date or the security
sold increases before the settlement date. The use of forward commitments helps
a Fund to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices.
Illiquid
Securities
Each
Fund limits its investments in illiquid securities to 15% of its net assets.
Under Rule 22e‑4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the
term “illiquid securities” means any security or investment that a Fund
reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in
seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly
changing the market value of the investment.
A
Fund that invests in illiquid securities may not be able to sell such securities
and may not be able to realize their full value upon sale. Restricted securities
(securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be
illiquid. Some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to
Rule 144A (“Rule 144A Securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933
(“Securities Act”) or certain commercial paper) may be more difficult to trade
than other types of securities.
Indexed
Commercial Paper
Indexed
commercial paper may have its principal linked to changes in foreign currency
exchange rates whereby its principal amount is adjusted upwards or downwards
(but not below zero) at maturity to reflect changes in the referenced exchange
rate. A Fund will receive interest and principal payments on such commercial
paper in the currency in which such commercial paper is denominated, but the
amount of principal payable by the issuer at maturity will change in proportion
to the change (if any) in the exchange rate between the two specified currencies
between the date the instrument is issued and the date the instrument matures.
While such commercial paper entails the risk of loss of principal, the potential
for realizing gains as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates
enables a Fund to hedge (or cross-hedge) against a decline in the
U.S. Dollar value of investments denominated in foreign currencies while
providing an attractive money market rate of return. A Fund will purchase such
commercial paper for hedging purposes only, not for speculation.
Inflation-Indexed
Securities
Inflation-indexed
securities are fixed-income securities whose value is periodically adjusted
according to the rate of inflation. If the index measuring inflation falls, the
principal value of these securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently
the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller
principal amount) will be reduced.
The
value of inflation-indexed securities tends to react to changes in real interest
rates. In general, the price of inflation-indexed securities can fall when real
interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. In addition,
the value of these securities can fluctuate based on fluctuations in
expectations of inflation. Interest payments on these securities can be
unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for
inflation.
Investment
in Other Exchange-Traded Funds and Other Investment Companies
Each
of the Funds may invest in other investment companies, such as closed‑end
investment companies, unit investment trusts, other exchange-traded funds
(“ETFs”) and other open‑end investment companies, provided that the investment
is consistent with the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions. A Fund’s
investments in other investment companies will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s
total assets. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would bear,
along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment
company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition
to the management fee that each Fund bears directly in connection with its own
operations. A Fund’s investments in other investment companies will comply with
applicable 1940 Act rules.
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A
Fund’s investments in other investment companies may include money market funds
managed by the Adviser, including the AB
Government Money Market Portfolio (the “Money Market Portfolio”), a
series of AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc. Investments in money market funds are not
subject to the 10% limitation set forth above.
The
Funds expect to invest in other AB Mutual Funds and ETFs, including the Money
Market Portfolio. A brief description of the Money Market Portfolio in which one
or more of the Funds may invest follows. Additional details are available in the
Money Market Portfolio’s prospectus or SAI. You may request a free copy of the
Money Market Portfolio’s prospectus and/or SAI by contacting the Adviser:
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By Mail: |
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c/o AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc.
P.O.
Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 |
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By Phone: |
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For
Information:
For
Literature: |
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(800) 221‑5672
(800)
227‑4618 |
Money
Market Portfolio’s investment objective is maximum current income to the extent
consistent with safety of principal and liquidity. Money Market Portfolio is a
“money market fund” that seeks to maintain a stable NAV, of $1.00 per share
although there is no guarantee that Money Market Portfolio will maintain a NAV
of $1.00 per share. Money Market Portfolio invests at least 99.5% of its total
assets in cash, marketable obligations (which may bear adjustable rates of
interest) issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities (“U.S. Government securities”) and repurchase agreements that
are collateralized fully. Collateralized fully means collateralized by cash or
government securities.
LIBOR
Transition and Associated Risk
A
Fund may be exposed to debt securities, derivatives or other financial
instruments that utilize the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” as a
“benchmark” or “reference rate” for various interest rate calculations. In 2017,
the FCA announced a desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. As
announced by the FCA and LIBOR’s administrator, ICE Benchmark Administration,
most LIBOR settings (which reflect LIBOR rates quoted in different currencies
over various time periods) have not been published since the end of 2021, but
the most widely used U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings are expected to continue to
be published until June 30, 2023. However, banks were strongly encouraged
to cease entering into agreements with counterparties referencing LIBOR by the
end of 2021. It is possible that a subset of LIBOR settings will be published
after these dates on a “synthetic” basis, but any such publications would be
considered non‑representative of the underlying market. Since 2018 the Federal
Reserve Bank of New York has published the Secured Overnight Financing Rate
(referred to as SOFR), which is intended to replace U.S. Dollar LIBOR. SOFR
is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by
U.S. Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement (repo) market and has been
used increasingly on a voluntary basis in new instruments and transactions. In
addition, on March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate Act was signed
into law. This law provides a statutory fallback mechanism to replace LIBOR with
a benchmark rate that is selected by the Federal Reserve Board and based on SOFR
for certain contracts that reference LIBOR without adequate fallback provisions.
On December 16, 2022, the Federal Reserve Board adopted regulations
implementing the law by identifying benchmark rates based on SOFR that will
replace LIBOR in different categories of financial contracts after June 30,
2023. The regulations include provisions that (i) provide a safe harbor for
selection or use of a replacement benchmark rate selected by the Federal Reserve
Board; (ii) clarify who may choose the replacement benchmark rate selected
by the Federal Reserve Board; and (iii) ensure that contracts with a
replacement benchmark rate selected by the Federal Reserve Board will not be
interrupted or terminated following the replacement of LIBOR.
The
elimination of LIBOR or changes to other reference rates or any other changes or
reforms to the determination or supervision of reference rates could have an
adverse impact on the market for, or value of, any securities or payments linked
to those reference rates, which may adversely affect a Fund’s performance and/or
NAV. Uncertainty and risk also remain regarding the willingness and ability of
issuers and lenders to include revised provisions in new and existing contracts
or instruments. Consequently, the transition from LIBOR to other reference rates
may lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets that are tied to
LIBOR, fluctuations in values of LIBOR-related investments or investments in
issuers that utilize LIBOR, increased difficulty in borrowing or refinancing and
diminished effectiveness of hedging strategies, potentially adversely affecting
a Fund’s performance. Furthermore, the risks associated with the expected
discontinuation of LIBOR and transition may be exacerbated if the work necessary
to effect an orderly transition to an alternative reference rate is not
completed in a timely manner. Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process
nor its ultimate success can yet be known.
Loan
Participations and Assignments
A
Fund may invest in loans (which may be syndicated) to corporate, governmental or
other borrowers, either by participating as co‑lender at the time the loan is
originated or by buying an interest in the loan in the secondary market from a
financial institution or institutional investor. The financial status of an
institution interposed between a Fund and a borrower may affect the ability of
the Fund to receive principal and interest payments.
The
success of a Fund may depend on the skill with which an agent bank administers
the terms of the corporate loan agreements, monitors borrower compliance with
covenants, collects principal, interest and fee payments from borrowers and,
where necessary, enforces creditor remedies against borrowers. Agent banks
typically have broad discretion in enforcing loan agreements.
The
lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of
loan participations and assignments and
17
a
Fund’s ability to dispose of such investments when necessary to meet the Fund’s
liquidity needs in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration
in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market
for loan assignments and participations also may make it more difficult for the
Fund to assign a value to these investments for purposes of valuing the Fund’s
portfolio and calculating its asset value.
Mortgage-Related
Securities, Other Asset-Backed Securities and Structured Securities
A
Fund may invest in mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities.
Mortgage-related securities include mortgage pass-through securities,
collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial mortgage-backed
securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage-backed
securities (“SMBS”) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a
participation in or are secured by and payable from mortgage loans on real
property. These securities may be issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or
one of its sponsored entities or may be issued by private organizations.
The
value of mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities may be particularly
sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. Early payments of principal
on some mortgage-related securities may occur during periods of falling mortgage
interest rates and expose a Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of
principal. Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause
these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility
than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. During periods of
rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective
life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline
in market value in response to rising interest rates. If the life of a
mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, a Fund may not be able to
realize the rate of return it expected.
One
type of SMBS has one class receiving all of the interest from the mortgage
assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class), while the other class will receive
all of the principal (the principal-only, or “PO” class). The yield to maturity
on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments
(including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of
principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to
maturity from these securities.
Another
type of mortgage-related security, known as a Government Sponsored Enterprise
(“GSE”) Risk-Sharing Bond or Credit Risk Transfer Security (“CRT”), is issued by
GSEs (and sometimes banks or mortgage insurers) and structured without any
government or GSE guarantee in respect of borrower defaults or underlying
collateral. The risks associated with an investment in CRTs differ from the
risks associated with an investment in mortgage-backed securities issued by GSEs
because, in CRTs, some or all of the credit risk associated with the underlying
mortgage loans is transferred to the end‑investor.
A
Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include
collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations
(“CLOs”), and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of
asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust that is backed by a diversified pool
of high-risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. A CLO is a trust
typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others,
domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and
subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment
grade or equivalent unrated loans. A Fund may invest in other types of
asset-backed securities that have been offered to investors.
The
securitization techniques used to develop mortgage-related securities are being
applied to a broad range of financial assets. Through the use of trusts and
special purpose corporations, various types of assets, including automobile
loans and leases, credit card receivables, home equity loans, equipment leases
and trade receivables, are being securitized in structures similar to the
structures used in mortgage securitizations.
A
Fund may also invest in various types of structured securities and basket
securities. Structured securities are securities issued in structured financing
transactions, which generally involve aggregating types of debt assets in a pool
or special purpose entity and then issuing new securities. Types of structured
financings include securities described elsewhere in this Prospectus, such as
mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities. A Fund’s investments include
investments in structured securities that represent interests in entities
organized and operated solely for the purpose of restructuring the investment
characteristics of particular debt obligations. This type of restructuring
involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or
trust, of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or high-yield
bonds) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of structured
securities backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments.
The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly
issued structured securities to create securities with different investment
characteristics such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate
provisions, and the extent of the payments made with respect to structured
securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow from the underlying
instruments. Structured securities of a given class may be either subordinated
or un‑subordinated to the payment of another class. Subordinated structured
securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than
unsubordinated structured securities.
Basket
securities in which a Fund may invest may consist of entities organized and
operated for the purpose of holding a basket of other securities. Baskets
involving debt obligations may be designed to represent the characteristics of
some portion of the debt securities market or the entire debt securities market.
Municipal
Securities
The
two principal classifications of municipal securities are bonds and notes.
Municipal bonds are intended to meet
18
longer-term
capital needs while municipal notes are intended to fulfill short-term capital
needs. Municipal notes generally have original maturities not exceeding one
year. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation
notes, bond anticipation notes, variable-rate demand obligations, and tax‑exempt
commercial paper.
Municipal
bonds are typically classified as “general obligation” or “revenue” or “special
obligation” bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge
of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and
interest. Revenue or special obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues
derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases,
from the proceeds of a special excise or other tax, but not from general tax
revenues. The AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration
Municipal ETF may invest in revenue bonds, which generally do not have
the pledge of the credit of the issuer. The payment of the principal and
interest on revenue bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the user of the
facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the
pledge, if any, of real and personal property financed as security for such
payment. The AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration
Municipal ETF may invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities
or obligations that are related in such a way that business or political
developments or changes affecting one such security could also affect the others
(for example, securities with interest that is paid from projects of a similar
type).
The
AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
may invest in municipal lease obligations. A municipal lease obligation is not
backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing municipality, but is usually
backed by the municipality’s pledge to make annual appropriations for lease
payments. Thus, it is possible that a municipality will not appropriate money
for lease payments. Additionally, some municipal lease obligations may allow for
lease cancellation prior to the maturity date of the security. Municipal lease
obligations may be less readily marketable than other municipal securities and
some may be illiquid.
Current
federal tax law distinguishes between municipal securities issued to finance
certain private activities (“private activity bonds”) and other municipal
securities. Private activity bonds, most of which are AMT‑Subject bonds and are
also revenue bonds, include bonds issued to finance such projects as airports,
housing projects, resource recovery programs, solid waste disposal facilities,
and student loan programs. Bonds of certain sectors have special risks. For
example, the health-care industry can be affected by federal or state
legislation, electric utilities are subject to governmental regulation, and
private activity bonds are not government-backed. Attempts to restructure the
tax system may have adverse effects on the value of municipal securities or make
them less attractive to investors relative to taxable treatments.
There
have been some municipal issuers that have defaulted on obligations, been
downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. For example, the novel
coronavirus (COVID‑19) pandemic has significantly stressed the financial
resources of many issuers of municipal securities, which could impair any such
issuer’s ability to meet its financial obligations when due and adversely impact
the value of its securities held by a Fund. As the full effects of the COVID‑19
pandemic on state and local economies and on issuers of municipal securities are
still uncertain, the financial difficulties of issuers of municipal securities
may worsen, adversely affecting the performance of a Fund.
The
AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
may purchase municipal securities that are insured as to the payment of
principal and interest under policies issued by certain insurance companies.
Historically, insured municipal securities typically received a higher credit
rating, which meant that the issuer of the securities paid a lower interest
rate. As a result of declines in the credit quality and associated downgrades of
most fund insurers, insurance has less value than it did in the past. The market
now values insured municipal securities primarily based on the credit quality of
the issuer of the security with little value given to the insurance feature. In
purchasing such insured municipal securities, the Adviser currently evaluates
the risk and return of municipal securities through its own research.
If
an insurance company’s rating is downgraded or the company becomes insolvent,
the prices of municipal securities insured by the insurance company may decline.
The Adviser believes that downgrades in insurance company ratings or insurance
company insolvencies will present limited risk to the Fund. The underlying
credit quality of the issuers of the insured municipal securities (generally
investment grade) reduces the risk of a significant reduction in the value of
the insured municipal security.
Preferred
Stock
A
Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of capital stock
that typically pays dividends at a specified rate. Preferred stock is generally
senior to common stock, but is subordinated to any debt the issuer has
outstanding. Accordingly, preferred stock dividends are not paid until all debt
obligations are first met. Preferred stock may be subject to more fluctuations
in market value, due to changes in market participants’ perceptions of the
issuer’s ability to continue to pay dividends, than debt of the same issuer.
These investments include convertible preferred stock, which includes an option
for the holder to convert the preferred stock into the issuer’s common stock
under certain conditions, among which may be the specification of a future date
when the conversion must begin, a certain number of shares of common stock per
share of preferred stock, or a certain price per share for the common stock.
Convertible preferred stock tends to be more volatile than non‑convertible
preferred stock, because its value is related to the price of the issuer’s
common stock as well as the dividends payable on the preferred stock.
Real
Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
REITs
are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real
estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified
as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs.
19
Equity
REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive
income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize
capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage
REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive
income from the collection of interest payments and principal. Similar to
investment companies such as the Funds, REITs are not taxed on income
distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of
the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). A Fund will
indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which
the Fund invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund.
Repurchase
Agreements and Buy/Sell Back Transactions
A
Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement transaction
the Fund buys a security and simultaneously agrees to sell it back to the
counterparty at a specified price in the future. However, a repurchase agreement
is economically similar to a secured loan, in that the Fund lends cash to a
counterparty for a specific term, normally a day or a few days, and is given
acceptable collateral (the purchased securities) to hold in case the
counterparty does not repay the loan. The difference between the purchase price
and the repurchase price of the securities reflects an agreed-upon “interest
rate”. Given that the price at which a Fund will sell the collateral back is
specified in advance, a Fund is not exposed to price movements on the collateral
unless the counterparty defaults. If the counterparty defaults on its obligation
to buy back the securities at the maturity date and the liquidation value of the
collateral is less than the outstanding loan amount, a Fund would suffer a loss.
In order to further mitigate any potential credit exposure to the counterparty,
if the value of the securities falls below a specified level that is linked to
the loan amount during the life of the agreement, the counterparty must provide
additional collateral to support the loan.
A
Fund may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase
agreements. In this type of transaction, a Fund enters a trade to buy securities
at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at
another price on a specified date. Similar to a repurchase agreement, the
repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest
rates. Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transaction is
considered two separate transactions.
Reverse
Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls
A
Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls, subject to
the Fund’s limitations on borrowings. The terms of reverse repurchase agreements
are essentially the reverse of “repurchase agreements” described above. In a
reverse repurchase agreement transaction, the Fund sells a security and
simultaneously agrees to repurchase it at a specified time and price. The
economic effect of a reverse repurchase agreement is that of the Fund borrowing
money on a secured basis, and reverse repurchase agreements may be considered a
form of borrowing for some purposes. Even though the Fund posts securities as
collateral, the Fund maintains exposure to price declines on these securities
since it has agreed to repurchase the securities at a fixed price. Accordingly,
reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risk for the Fund because the Fund
maintains exposure to price declines of both the securities it sells in the
reverse repurchase agreement and any securities it purchases with the cash it
receives under the reverse repurchase agreement. If the value of the posted
collateral declines, the counterparty would require the Fund to post additional
collateral. If the value of the collateral increases, the Fund may ask for some
of its collateral back. If the counterparty defaults and fails to sell the
securities back to the Fund at a time when the market purchase price of the
securities exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, the Fund would suffer a
loss.
Dollar
rolls involve sales by a Fund of securities for delivery in the current month
and the Fund’s simultaneously contracting to repurchase substantially similar
(same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date. During the roll
period, a Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities. A Fund is
compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower
forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well
as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Reverse
repurchase agreements and dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of
the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline
below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse
repurchase agreement or dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a
Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a
determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce
the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.
Rights
and Warrants
Rights
and warrants are option securities permitting their holders to subscribe for
other securities. Rights are similar to warrants except that they have a
substantially shorter duration. Rights and warrants do not carry with them
dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any
rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, an investment in rights and
warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of
investments. In addition, the value of a right or a warrant does not necessarily
change with the value of the underlying securities, and a right or a warrant
ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Short
Sales
A
Fund may make short sales as a part of overall portfolio management or to offset
a potential decline in the value of a security. A short sale involves the sale
of a security that a Fund does not own, or if the Fund owns the security, is not
to be delivered upon consummation of the sale. When the Fund makes a short sale
of a security that it does not own, it must borrow from a broker-dealer the
security sold short and deliver the security to the broker-dealer upon
conclusion of the short sale.
If
the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short
sale and the time a Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a
loss; conversely, if the
20
price
declines, the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain. The potential for the
price of a fixed-income security sold short to rise is a function of the
combination of the remaining maturity of the obligation, its creditworthiness
and its yield. Unlike short sales of equities or other instruments, potential
for the price of a fixed-income security to rise may be limited due to the fact
that the security will be no more than par at maturity. However, the short sale
of other instruments or securities generally, including fixed-income securities
convertible into equities or other instruments, a fixed-income security trading
at a deep discount from par or that pays a coupon that is high in relative
and/or absolute terms, or that is denominated in a currency other than the
U.S. Dollar, involves the possibility of a theoretically unlimited loss
since there is a theoretically unlimited potential for the market price of the
security sold short to increase.
Standby
Commitment Agreements
Standby
commitment agreements are similar to put options that commit a Fund, for a
stated period of time, to purchase a stated amount of a security that may be
issued and sold to the Fund at the option of the issuer. The price and coupon of
the security are fixed at the time of the commitment. At the time of entering
into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, regardless of whether the
security ultimately is issued. A Fund will enter into such agreements only for
the purpose of investing in the security underlying the commitment at a yield
and price considered advantageous to the Fund and unavailable on a firm
commitment basis.
There
is no guarantee that a security subject to a standby commitment will be issued.
In addition, the value of the security, if issued, on the delivery date may be
more or less than its purchase price. Since the issuance of the security is at
the option of the issuer, a Fund will bear the risk of capital loss in the event
the value of the security declines and may not benefit from an appreciation in
the value of the security during the commitment period if the issuer decides not
to issue and sell the security to the Fund.
Sovereign
Debt Obligations
Sovereign
debt obligations are securities issued or guaranteed by a foreign sovereign
government or its agencies, authorities or political subdivisions. No
established secondary markets may exist for many sovereign debt obligations.
Reduced secondary market liquidity may have an adverse effect on the market
price and a Fund’s ability to dispose of particular instruments when necessary
to meet its liquidity requirements or in response to specific economic events
such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary
market liquidity for certain sovereign debt obligations may also make it more
difficult for a Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the purpose of
valuing its portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many
sovereign debt obligations only from a limited number of dealers and may not
represent firm bids of those dealers or prices for actual sales.
By
investing in sovereign debt obligations, a Fund will be exposed to the direct or
indirect consequences of political, social, and economic changes in various
countries. Political changes in a country may affect the willingness of a
foreign government to make or provide for timely payments of its obligations.
The country’s economic status, as reflected in, among other things, its
inflation rate, the amount of its external debt and its gross domestic product,
will also affect the government’s ability to honor its obligations. In addition,
countries that issue debt obligations denominated in a foreign currency and
countries that do not have their own currency (e.g., Eurozone countries) may have a higher
risk of default than other countries.
The
Funds are permitted to invest in sovereign debt obligations of issuers that are
not current in the payment of interest or principal or are in default so long as
the Adviser believes it to be consistent with the Funds’ investment objectives.
The Funds may have limited legal recourse in the event of a default with respect
to certain sovereign debt obligations they hold. For example, remedies from
defaults on certain sovereign debt obligations, unlike those on private debt,
must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself.
Legal recourse therefore may be significantly diminished. Bankruptcy,
moratorium, and other similar laws applicable to issuers of sovereign debt
obligations may be substantially different from those applicable to issuers of
private debt obligations. The political context, expressed as the willingness of
an issuer of sovereign debt obligations to meet the terms of the debt
obligation, for example, is of considerable importance. In addition, no
assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest
payments to the holders of securities issued by foreign governments in the event
of default under commercial bank loan agreements.
Structured
Products
A
Fund may invest in certain hybrid derivatives-type instruments that combine
features of a traditional stock or bond with those of, for example, a futures
contract or an option. These instruments include structured notes and indexed
securities, commodity-linked notes and commodity index-linked notes and
credit-linked securities. The performance of the structured product, which is
generally a fixed-income security, is tied (positively or negatively) to the
price or prices of an unrelated reference indicator such as a security or basket
of securities, currencies, commodities, a securities or commodities index or a
credit default swap or other kinds of swaps. The structured product may not pay
interest or protect the principal invested. The structured product or its
interest rate may be a multiple of the reference indicator and, as a result, may
be leveraged and move (up or down) more rapidly than the reference indicator.
Investments in structured products may provide a more efficient and less
expensive means of obtaining exposure to underlying securities, commodities or
other derivatives, but may potentially be more volatile and carry greater
trading and market risk than investments in traditional securities. The purchase
of a structured product also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of
the structured product.
Structured
notes are derivative debt instruments. The interest rate or principal of these
notes is determined by reference to an unrelated indicator (for example, a
currency, security, or index
21
thereof)
unlike a typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed or floating
interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Indexed securities may
include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the
interest or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator.
Commodity-linked
notes and commodity index-linked notes provide exposure to the commodities
markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked
components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts,
commodity options, commodity indices or similar instruments. Commodity-linked
products may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and
have both security- and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value
of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures
contract, index or other economic variable.
A
Fund may also invest in certain hybrid derivatives-type investments that combine
features of a traditional bond with those of certain derivatives such as a
credit default swap, an interest rate swap or other securities. These
investments include credit-linked securities. The issuers of these securities
frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that
invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments in order
to provide exposure to certain fixed-income markets. For instance, a Fund may
invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool to gain exposure to
a certain market or to remain fully invested when more traditional
income-producing securities are not available. The performance of the structured
product, which is generally a fixed-income security, is linked to the receipt of
payments from the counterparties to the derivative instruments or other
securities. A Fund’s investments in credit-linked securities are indirectly
subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including among
others, credit risk, default risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk and
leverage risk. These securities are generally structured as Rule 144A Securities
so that they may be freely traded among qualified institutional buyers. However,
changes in the market for credit-linked securities or the availability of
willing buyers may result in reduced liquidity for the securities.
Securities
of Supranational Entities
A
supranational entity is an entity designated or supported by the national
government of one or more countries to promote economic reconstruction or
development. Examples of supranational entities include the World Bank
(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and the European
Investment Bank. “Semi-governmental securities” are securities issued by
entities owned by either a national, state or equivalent government or are
obligations of one of such government jurisdictions that are not backed by its
full faith and credit and general taxing powers.
Tender
Option Bond Transactions
The
AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
may enter into tender option bond (“TOB”) transactions in which the Fund
transfers one or more municipal securities into a special purpose entity (the
“Trust”). The Fund receives cash and a residual interest security (sometimes
referred to as “inverse floaters”) issued by the Trust in return. The Trust
simultaneously issues securities, which pay an interest rate that is reset each
week based on an index of high-grade short-term demand notes. These securities
(sometimes referred to as “floaters”) are bought by third parties, including
tax‑exempt money market funds, and can be tendered by these holders to a
liquidity provider at par, unless certain events occur. The floaters typically
have first priority on the cash flow from the underlying municipal securities
held by the Trust, and the remaining cash flow, less certain expenses, is paid
to holders of the inverse floaters. The interest rate payable on the inverse
floaters bears an inverse relationship to the interest rate on the floaters.
Under certain circumstances, the Trust may be terminated or collapsed, either by
the Fund or upon the occurrence of certain events, such as a downgrade in the
credit quality of the underlying municipal securities or in the event holders of
the floaters tender their securities to the liquidity provider. The Fund
continues to earn all the interest from the transferred municipal securities
less the amount of interest paid on the floaters and the expenses of the Trust,
which may include payments to the trustee and the liquidity provider and
organizational costs. The Fund receives cash proceeds from the Trust’s sale of
the floaters as consideration for the transferred municipal securities and uses
the cash proceeds for investment purposes (e.g., the purchase of longer-term municipal
securities), which involves leverage risk.
To
the extent that the Fund, rather than a third-party bank or financial
institution, serves as the sponsor of a TOB trust, the Fund’s duties and
responsibilities under such an arrangement may give rise to certain risks
including compliance, securities law and operational risks.
For
a discussion of the risks of TOBs, see “Borrowings and Leverage” below.
Variable,
Floating and Inverse Floating-Rate Instruments
Variable
and floating-rate securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted
periodically, according to a specified formula. A “variable” interest rate
adjusts at predetermined intervals (e.g., daily, weekly or monthly), while a
“floating” interest rate adjusts whenever a specified benchmark rate (such as
the bank prime lending rate) changes.
A
Fund may also invest in inverse floating-rate debt instruments (“inverse
floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite
direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is
indexed. An inverse floater may have greater volatility in market value, in
that, during periods of rising interest rates, the market values of inverse
floaters will tend to decrease more rapidly than those of fixed-rate securities.
Zero-Coupon
and Principal-Only Securities
Zero-coupon
securities and principal-only (PO) securities are debt securities that have been
issued without interest coupons or stripped of their unmatured interest coupons,
and include receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped
debt obligations and coupons. Such a security pays no interest
22
to
its holder during its life. Its value to an investor consists of the difference
between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was
acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value.
Such securities usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par value
and are subject to greater fluctuations in market value in response to changing
interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities and credit quality
that make current distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there
are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, these
securities eliminate reinvestment risk and “lock in” a rate of return to
maturity.
SPECIAL
RISKS OF EXCHANGE-TRADED SHARES
Fluctuation
of Net Asset Value and Share Price
The
NAV of each Fund’s shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market
value of each Fund’s holdings. Each Fund’s shares are listed on the NYSE Arca,
Inc. (the “Exchange”) and can be bought and sold in the secondary market at
market prices. Although a share’s market price is expected to approximate its
NAV, it is possible that the market price and NAV will vary significantly. As a
result, you may sustain losses if you pay more than the shares’ NAV when you
purchase shares, or receive less than the shares’ NAV when you sell shares, in
the secondary market. During periods of disruptions to creations and
redemptions, the existence of extreme market volatility, or lack of an active
trading market for a Fund’s shares, the market price of Fund shares is more
likely to differ significantly from the Fund’s NAV. During such periods, you may
incur significant losses if you sell your shares. There are various methods by
which investors can purchase and sell shares and various orders that may be
placed. Investors should consult their financial intermediary before purchasing
or selling shares of a fund. Disruptions at market makers, Authorized
Participants or market participants may also result in significant differences
between the market price of a Fund’s shares and the Fund’s NAV. In addition, in
stressed market conditions, the market for shares may become less liquid in
response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the fund’s underlying
portfolio holdings.
The
market price of shares during the trading day, like the price of any
exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread, which can be greater
(wider) when there is little trading volume in Fund shares on the Exchange and
lower (narrower) when there is a lot of trading volume in Fund shares. In times
of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly.
Non‑U.S.
Markets and Foreign Securities
Securities
held by a Fund may be traded in non‑U.S. markets that close at a different time
than the Exchange. During the time when the Exchange is open but after the
applicable local market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid‑ask spreads and
the resulting premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV may widen. The Adviser
expects that, under normal market conditions, large discounts or premiums to NAV
will not be sustained in the long term because of arbitrage opportunities.
During the time when the Exchange is open but after the applicable local market
has closed, the price of a foreign security that is included in a Fund’s
portfolio (and a Fund’s NAV) will be the closing price on that security’s local
market, updated for currency changes, until that local market opens again. As a
result, the Fund’s NAV may be calculated using “stale” prices of foreign
securities. This may contribute to a Fund’s NAV varying more widely from its
market price.
Information
about the premiums and discounts at which each fund’s shares have traded is
available at www.abfunds.com.
Trading
Issues
Although
each Fund’s shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an
active trading market for a Fund’s shares will be maintained or that
requirements to remain listed will be met. Only an Authorized Participant may
engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with a Fund. A Fund has a
limited number of intermediaries that act as Authorized Participants. There are
no obligations of market makers to make a market in a Fund’s shares or of
Authorized Participants to submit purchase or redemption orders for Creation
Units. Decisions by market makers or Authorized Participants to reduce their
role with respect to market making or creation and redemption activities during
times of market stress, or a decline in the number of Authorized Participants
due to decisions to exit the business, bankruptcy, or other factors, could
inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the
relationship between the underlying value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and
the market price of fund shares. To the extent no other Authorized Participants
step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may trade at a
discount to NAV and possibly face delisting. This risk could be heightened if a
Fund is investing in non‑U.S. securities. In addition, trading of Fund shares in
the secondary market may be halted, for example, due to activation of individual
or market-wide “circuit breakers” affecting a Fund or its portfolio securities.
If trading halts or an unanticipated early closing of the Exchange occurs, a
shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell shares of a Fund. Foreside Fund
Services, LLC (“Foreside” or the “Distributor”), the distributor of each Fund’s
shares, does not maintain a secondary market in the shares.
If
a Fund’s shares are delisted from the Exchange, the Adviser may seek to list the
Fund shares on another market, merge the Fund with another ETF or traditional
mutual fund, or redeem the Fund shares at NAV.
Shares
of a Fund, similar to shares of other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be
sold short and are therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and
price decreases associated with being sold short.
ADDITIONAL
RISKS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Investments
in the Funds involve the risk considerations described below.
Borrowings
and Leverage
A
Fund may use borrowings for investment purposes subject to its investment
policies and procedures and to applicable
23
statutory
or regulatory requirements. Borrowings by a Fund result in leveraging of the
Fund’s shares. Each of the Funds may also use leverage for investment purposes
by entering into transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements, forward
contracts, and dollar rolls or certain other derivatives and, with respect to
AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal
ETF, TOB transactions. This means that a Fund uses cash made available
during the term of these transactions to make investments in other securities.
Utilization
of leverage, which is usually considered speculative, involves certain risks to
a Fund’s shareholders. These include a higher volatility of the NAV of the
Fund’s shares of common stock and the relatively greater effect of changes in
the value of the Fund’s portfolio on the NAV of the shares caused by favorable
or adverse changes in market conditions or interest rates. In the case of
borrowings for investment purposes, so long as the Fund is able to realize a net
return on the leveraged portion of its investment portfolio that is higher than
the interest expense paid on borrowings, the effect of leverage will be to cause
the Fund’s shareholders to realize a higher net return than if the Fund were not
leveraged. If the interest expense on borrowings or other costs of leverage
approach the net return on the Fund’s investment portfolio or investments made
through leverage, as applicable, the benefit of leverage to the Fund’s
shareholders will be reduced. If the interest expense on borrowings or other
costs of leverage were to exceed the net return to the Fund, the Fund’s use of
leverage could result in a lower rate of net return than if the Fund were not
leveraged. Similarly, the effect of leverage in a declining market could
normally be a greater decrease in NAV than if the Fund were not leveraged.
During
periods of rising short-term interest rates, the interest paid on floaters in
TOBs would increase, which may adversely affect the AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF’s net
return. If rising short-term rates coincide with a period of rising long-term
rates, the value of securities with longer-term maturities purchased with the
proceeds of leverage would decline, adversely affecting the Fund’s NAV. In
certain circumstances, adverse changes in interest rates or other events could
cause a TOB trust to terminate or collapse, potentially requiring the Fund to
liquidate the longer-term securities at unfavorable prices to meet the Trust’s
outstanding obligations.
The
SEC has adopted Rule 18f‑4 under the 1940 Act, which imposes limits on the
amount of derivatives and certain other forms of leverage into which a fund can
enter. Rule 18f‑4, among other things, permits a fund to treat TOBs (and other
similar financing transactions) either as borrowings (subject to asset coverage
requirements under the 1940 Act) or as “derivatives transactions” subject to
certain risk-based limits of Rule 18f‑4.
Foreign
(Non‑U.S.) Securities
Investing
in securities of foreign issuers involves special risks and considerations not
typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. The securities markets
of many foreign countries are relatively small, with the majority of market
capitalization and trading volume concentrated in a limited number of companies
representing a small number of industries. A Fund that invests in securities of
foreign issuers may experience greater price volatility and significantly lower
liquidity than a portfolio invested solely in securities of U.S. companies.
These markets may be subject to greater influence by adverse events generally
affecting the market, and by large investors trading significant blocks of
securities, than is usual in the United States. Sanctions imposed by the U.S. or
a foreign country may restrict a Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign
securities or may require a Fund to divest its holdings in foreign securities,
which could adversely affect the value or liquidity of such holdings. The
imposition of sanctions could also adversely affect global sectors and economies
and thereby negatively affect the value of a Fund’s investments beyond any
direct exposure to the countries or regions subject to the sanctions.
In
addition, the securities markets of some foreign countries may be closed on
certain days when the Funds are open for
business, including during normal trading days and on certain days (e.g., local holidays). When a Fund holds
securities traded in foreign markets, the market price for the Fund’s shares may
be based on the last quoted price of securities traded on a foreign exchange,
which may cause a deviation between the market price of the Fund’s share and the
NAV per share, which could cause the Fund’s shares to trade at a larger premium
or discount. In addition, when a foreign exchange is closed for trading, such as
for local holidays a Fund will be unable to add to or exit its positions in
certain foreign securities even though it may otherwise be attractive to do so.
Securities
registration, custody, and settlement may in some instances be subject to delays
and legal and administrative uncertainties. Foreign investment in the securities
markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying
degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude
investment in certain securities and may increase the costs and expenses of a
Fund. In addition, the repatriation of investment income, capital or the
proceeds of sales of securities from certain countries is controlled under
regulations, including in some cases the need for certain advance government
notification or authority, and if a deterioration occurs in a country’s balance
of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital
remittances. Income from certain investments held by a Fund could be reduced by
foreign income taxes, including withholding taxes.
A
Fund also could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any
required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by the application
to it of other restrictions on investment. Investing in local markets may
require a Fund to adopt special procedures or seek local governmental approvals
or other actions, any of which may involve additional costs to a Fund. These
factors may affect the liquidity of a Fund’s investments in any country and the
Adviser will monitor the effect of any such factor or factors on a Fund’s
investments. Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions for transactions
both on and off the securities exchanges, in many foreign countries are
generally higher than in the United States.
24
Issuers
of securities in foreign jurisdictions are generally not subject to the same
degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider
trading rules, restrictions on market manipulation, shareholder proxy
requirements, and timely disclosure of information. The reporting, accounting,
and auditing standards of foreign countries may differ, in some cases
significantly, from U.S. standards in important respects, and less information
may be available to investors in securities of foreign issuers than to investors
in U.S. securities. Substantially less information is publicly available about
certain non‑U.S. issuers than is available about most U.S. issuers.
The
economies of individual foreign countries may differ favorably or unfavorably
from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product or
gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource
self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Nationalization,
expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes,
government regulation, political or social instability, public health crises
(including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness), revolutions, wars
or diplomatic developments could affect adversely the economy of a foreign
country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation,
a Fund could lose its entire investment in securities in the country involved.
In addition, laws in foreign countries governing business organizations,
bankruptcy and insolvency may provide less protection to security holders such
as the Funds than that provided by U.S. laws.
The
United Kingdom (“U.K.”) formally withdrew from the European Union (“EU”) on
January 31, 2020. The U.K. and the EU negotiated an agreement governing
their future trading and security relationships. This agreement became effective
on a provisional basis on January 1, 2021 and entered into full force on
May 1, 2021. The U.K. and the EU also negotiated a Memorandum of
Understanding (“MoU”), which creates a framework for voluntary regulatory
cooperation in financial services between the U.K. and the EU. The impact on the
U.K. and European economies and the broader global economy of the uncertainties
associated with implementing the agreement and MoU are significant and could
have an adverse effect on the value of a Fund’s investments and its NAV. These
uncertainties include an increase in the regulatory and customs requirements
imposed on cross-border trade between the U.K. and the EU, the negotiation and
implementation of additional arrangements between the U.K. and the EU affecting
important parts of the economy (such as financial services), volatility and
illiquidity in markets, currency fluctuations, the renegotiation of other
existing trading and cross-border cooperation arrangements (whether economic,
tax, fiscal, legal, regulatory or otherwise) of the U.K. and the EU, and
potentially lower growth for companies in the U.K., Europe and globally.
In
addition, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24,
2022. The extent and duration of the military action, and sanctions imposed
following the invasion, have resulted, and may continue to result, in market
disruptions in the region and globally. Future market disruptions are impossible
to predict, but could be significant and have a severe adverse effect on the
region and beyond, including significant negative impacts on the economy and the
markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas.
Investments
in securities of companies in emerging markets involve special risks. There are
approximately 100 countries identified by the World Bank as Low Income, Lower
Middle Income and Upper Middle Income countries that are generally regarded as
emerging markets. Emerging market countries that the Adviser currently considers
for investment include:
|
|
|
| |
Argentina
Bangladesh
Belize
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
China
Colombia
Croatia
Czech
Republic
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El
Salvador
Gabon
Georgia
Ghana
Greece |
|
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Ivory
Coast
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Lebanon
Lithuania
Malaysia
Mexico
Mongolia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Panama
Peru |
|
Philippines
Poland
Qatar
Saudi
Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
South
Africa
South
Korea
Sri
Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
United
Arab Emirates
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam |
Countries
may be added to or removed from this list at any time.
Investing
in emerging market securities involves risks different from, and greater than,
risks of investing in domestic securities or in the securities of issuers
domiciled in developed, foreign countries. These risks include: smaller market
capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative
illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment;
and the imposition of capital controls, which may restrict a Fund’s ability to
repatriate investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be
required to register the proceeds of sales and future economic or political
crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government
monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience
significant declines against the U.S. Dollar, and devaluation may occur
subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid
fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative
effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market
countries.
Additional
risks of emerging market securities may include: greater social, economic and
political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement
in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of
currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; less
developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights and practical remedies
to pursue claims, including class actions or fraud claims; the limited
25
ability
of U.S. authorities to bring and enforce actions against non‑U.S. companies and
non‑U.S. persons; and differences in the nature and quality of financial
information, including (i) auditing and financial reporting standards,
which may result in unavailability or unreliability of material information
about issuers and (ii) the risk that the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) may not be able to inspect audit practices and work
conducted by PCAOB-registered audit firms in certain emerging market countries,
such as China. Thus there can be no assurance that the quality of financial
reporting or the audits conducted by such audit firms of U.S.-listed emerging
market companies meet PCAOB standards. Furthermore, in December 2021, the SEC
finalized rules to implement the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act,
which prohibits the trading of securities of foreign issuers (including those
based in China) on a national securities exchange or through any other method
regulated by the SEC (including through over‑the‑counter trading) if the PCAOB
is unable to inspect the work papers of the auditors of such companies for three
years. To the extent a Fund invests in the securities of a company whose
securities become subject to such a trading prohibition, the Fund’s ability to
transact in such securities, and the liquidity of the securities, as well as
their market price, would likely be adversely affected. A Fund would also have
to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities, which could
increase the Fund’s costs. In addition, emerging securities markets may have
different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace
with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to
engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause a Fund to miss
attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash
pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a
delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.
A
Fund may invest in securities of frontier market countries. Frontier market
countries generally have smaller, less diverse economies and even less developed
capital markets and legal, regulatory, and political systems than traditional
emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market
countries are magnified in frontier market countries. Frontier market risks
include the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity—economic or
political instability may cause larger price changes in frontier market
securities than in securities of issuers located in more developed markets. The
risks of investing in frontier market countries may also be magnified by:
government ownership or control of parts of the private sector and of certain
companies; trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative
currency values, impaired or limited access to issuer information and other
protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which
frontier market countries trade; and the relatively new and unsettled securities
laws in many frontier market countries. The actions of a relatively few major
investors in these markets are more likely to result in significant changes in
local stock prices and the value of fund shares. The risk also exists that an
emergency situation may arise in one or more frontier market countries as a
result of which trading of securities may cease or may be substantially
curtailed and prices for investments in such markets may not be readily
available. All of these factors can make investing in frontier markets riskier
than investing in more developed emerging markets or other foreign markets.
Foreign
(Non‑U.S.) Currencies
Investing
in and exposure to foreign currencies involve special risks and considerations.
A Fund that invests some portion of its assets in securities denominated in, and
receives revenues in, foreign currencies will be adversely affected by
reductions in the value of those currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar.
Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly. They are determined
by supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the relative merits of
investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest
rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected
unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign
governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments.
In light of these risks, a Fund may engage in certain currency hedging
transactions, as described above, which involve certain special risks.
A
Fund may also invest directly in foreign currencies for non‑hedging purposes on
a spot basis (i.e., cash) or through
derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, futures
contracts and options thereon, swaps and options as described above. These
investments will be subject to the same risks. In addition, currency exchange
rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, causing a Fund’s
NAV to fluctuate.
Investment
in Below Investment Grade Fixed-Income Securities
Below
investment grade fixed-income securities (commonly called “junk bonds”) are
those rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s, or BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, or the
equivalent by any other NRSRO, as well as unrated securities considered by the
Adviser to be of comparable quality. For a description of credit ratings, see
Appendix A—Bond Ratings.
Investments
in below investment grade securities are subject to greater risk of loss of
principal and interest than higher-rated securities. These securities are also
generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated
securities. The capacity of issuers of these securities to pay interest and
repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated
securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest
rates. In addition, below investment grade securities may be more susceptible to
real or perceived adverse economic conditions than investment grade securities.
The
market for these securities may be thinner and less active than that for
higher-rated securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which these
securities can be sold. To the extent that there is no established secondary
market for these securities, a Fund may experience difficulty in valuing such
securities and, in turn, the Fund’s assets.
26
Unrated
Securities
A
Fund may invest in unrated securities when the Adviser believes that the
financial condition of the issuers of such securities, or the protection
afforded by the terms of the securities themselves, limits the risk to the Fund
to a degree comparable to that of rated securities that are consistent with the
Fund’s objective and policies.
Management
Risk – Quantitative Models
The
Adviser may use investment techniques that incorporate, or rely upon,
quantitative models. These models may not work as intended and may not enable a
Fund to achieve its investment objective. In addition, certain models may be
constructed using data from external providers, and these inputs may be
incorrect or incomplete, thus potentially limiting the effectiveness of the
models. Finally, the Adviser may change, enhance and update its models and its
usage of existing models at its discretion.
Future
Developments
A
Fund may take advantage of other investment practices that are not currently
contemplated for use by the Fund, or are not available but may yet be developed,
to the extent such investment practices are consistent with the Fund’s
investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund. Such investment
practices, if they arise, may involve risks that exceed those involved in the
activities described above.
Changes
in Investment Objectives and Policies
The
Funds’ Board of Directors (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s investment objective
without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with 60 days’
prior written notice of any change to the Fund’s investment objective. Funds
that have a policy to invest at least 80% of their net assets in securities
indicated by their name will not change their policies without 60 days’ prior
written notice to shareholders. Unless otherwise noted, all other investment
policies of a Fund may be changed without shareholder approval. Among other
policies, the AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration
Municipal ETF’s policy to invest at least 80% of its net
assets in municipal securities may be changed without 60 days’ prior notice or
shareholder approval.
Temporary
Defensive Position
For
temporary defensive purposes in an attempt to respond to adverse market,
economic, political or other conditions, each Fund may invest in certain types
of short-term, liquid, investment grade or high-quality (depending on the Fund)
debt securities or, with respect to AB Tax‑Aware
Short Duration Municipal ETF, high-quality municipal notes or
variable-rate demand obligations, or in taxable cash equivalents. While a Fund
is investing for temporary defensive purposes, it may not meet its investment
objective.
Portfolio
Holdings
A
description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure
of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ SAI.
On
each business day, before commencement of trading on the Exchange, each Fund
will disclose on www.abfunds.com
the identities and quantities of the Fund’s portfolio holdings that will form
the basis for the Fund’s calculation of NAV at the end of the business day.
Other information concerning each Fund’s portfolio holdings may also be
published on the Funds’ website from time to time.
Website
Disclosures
The
following information about each Fund is available on the Fund’s website, www.abfunds.com, which is publicly
available and free of charge:
• |
|
Complete
portfolio holdings, including for each security, the ticker symbol, CUSIP
or other identifying symbol, description and the quantity and weight of
each security in the Fund; |
• |
|
The
names and quantities of securities that constitute the Fund’s Creation
Unit and estimated balancing amount (which will be posted before the
commencement of the trading day); |
• |
|
The
current NAV per share, market price, and premium/discount, each as of the
end of the prior business day; |
• |
|
A
table showing the number of days that the Fund shares traded at a premium
or discount during the most recently completed fiscal year and quarter (or
for the life of the Fund for new funds); |
• |
|
A
line graph showing the Fund’s premiums or discounts for the most recently
completed calendar year and calendar quarter (or for the life of the fund
for new funds); |
• |
|
The
median bid/ask spread for the Fund on a rolling 30‑day basis; and
|
• |
|
If
the premium or discount is greater than 2% for more than seven consecutive
trading days, a statement that the premium/discount was greater than 2%
and a discussion of the factors that are reasonably believed to have
materially contributed to this premium/discount.
|
Cyber
Security Risk
As
the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the
course of business, the Funds and their service providers, including the
Adviser, have become more susceptible to operational and financial risks
associated with cyber security. Cyber security incidents can result from
deliberate attacks such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software
coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information,
corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional
events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cyber
security failures or breaches of a Fund or its service providers or the issuers
of securities in which a Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and
impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the
inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable
privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage,
reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs.
While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce
27
the
risks associated with cyber security incidents, there can be no assurance that
those measures will be effective, particularly since a Fund does not control the
cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers, financial
intermediaries and companies with which those entities do business and companies
in which the Fund invests.
Cyber
security incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an
unauthorized party to gain access to Fund or shareholder assets, Fund or
customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary
information, or cause a Fund, the Adviser, and/or a Fund’s service providers
(including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub‑custodians,
transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data
corruption or lose operational functionality, or prevent Fund shareholders from
purchasing, redeeming, or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The
Funds and the Adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cyber security
incidents affecting third-party service providers. Cyber security incidents may
result in financial losses to a Fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs
may be incurred in seeking to prevent or minimize future cyber security
incidents.
28
INVESTING
IN THE FUNDS
This
section discusses how to buy, sell or redeem, or exchange shares of a Fund that
are offered through this Prospectus.
HOW
TO BUY SHARES
Shares
of each Fund may be acquired or redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation
Units or multiples thereof. Only an Authorized Participant (as defined under
“Creations and Redemptions”) may engage in creation or redemption transactions
directly with the Fund. Once created, shares of the Fund generally trade in the
secondary market in amounts less than a Creation Unit.
Shares
of each Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange, and individual investors can
purchase or sell shares in the secondary market through a financial
intermediary. The Funds do not impose any minimum investment for shares of the
Funds purchased on an exchange or otherwise in the secondary market. AB Ultra Short Income ETF shares trade under
the ticker symbol “YEAR.” AB Tax‑Aware Short
Duration Municipal ETF shares trade under the ticker symbol “TAFI.”
When
buying or selling shares of the Funds through a financial intermediary, you may
incur a brokerage commission and other charges. The commission is frequently a
fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to
buy or sell small amounts of shares. In addition, you may incur the cost of the
“spread,” that is, any difference between the bid price and the ask price. The
spread varies over time for shares of the Funds based on each Fund’s trading
volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund has high trading
volume and market liquidity, and higher if the Fund has little trading volume
and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched
or small in size). A Fund’s spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the
underlying securities held by the Fund, particularly for newly launched or
smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying
securities.
Your
ownership of Fund shares will be shown on the records of the financial
intermediary through which you hold the shares. The Fund will not have any
record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your
financial intermediary, which will provide you with account statements,
confirmations of your purchases and sales of Fund shares, and tax information.
Your financial intermediary also will be responsible for ensuring that you
receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports
and other communications from the Fund whose shares you own. You will receive
other services (e.g., dividend
reinvestment and average cost information) only if your financial intermediary
offers these services.
BOOK
ENTRY
Shares
are held in book-entry form, which means that no share certificates are issued.
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all
outstanding shares of the Funds and is recognized as the owner of all shares for
all purposes.
Investors
owning shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its
participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares.
Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust
companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or
indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of
shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of share certificates
or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a
registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of
shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These
procedures are the same as those that apply to any other stocks that you hold in
book-entry or “street name” form.
SHARE
TRADING PRICE
The
trading prices of a Fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from
the Fund’s daily NAV and are affected by market forces such as the supply of and
demand for ETF shares and underlying securities held by the Fund, economic
conditions and other factors.
The
trading price of the Fund’s shares on the Exchange may differ from the Fund’s
daily NAV. The Exchange disseminates the approximate value of shares of the Fund
every fifteen seconds. This approximate value should not be viewed as a
“real-time” update of the NAV per share of the Fund because the approximate
value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed
only once a day. The approximate value is generally determined by using both
current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers
and other market intermediaries that may trade in the portfolio securities held
by the Fund. As the respective international local markets close, the
approximate value will continue to be updated for foreign exchange rates for the
remainder of the U.S. trading day at the prescribed 15‑second interval, but
certain holdings may not be updated otherwise if such holdings do not trade in
the United States. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the
calculation or dissemination of the approximate value, and the Fund does not
make any representation or warranty as to its accuracy.
FREQUENT
PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES
The
Funds’ Board has not adopted a policy of monitoring for frequent purchases and
redemptions of Fund shares (“frequent trading”) that appear to attempt to take
advantage of potential arbitrage opportunities presented by a lag between a
change in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities after the close of the
primary markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities and the reflection of that
change in the Fund’s NAV (“market timing”). The Board believes this is
appropriate because an ETF, such as each Fund, is intended to be attractive to
arbitrageurs, as trading activity is critical to ensuring that the market price
of Fund shares remains at or close to NAV. Since each Fund issues and
29
redeems
Creation Units at NAV plus applicable transaction fees, and each Fund’s shares
may be purchased and sold on the Exchange at prevailing market prices, the risks
of frequent trading are limited.
Although
the Funds do not impose any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and
redemptions, the Funds reserve the right to reject or limit purchases at any
time as described in the SAI.
PREMIUM
AND DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Most
investors will buy and sell shares of the Funds in secondary market transactions
through brokers at market prices, and a Fund’s shares will trade at market
prices. The market price of shares may be greater than, equal to, or less than
NAV. Market forces of supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors
may affect the trading prices of shares of each Fund.
Information
about each Fund’s daily market price and how often shares of each Fund traded on
the Exchange are at a price above (i.e.,
at a premium) or below (i.e., at a
discount) the NAV of each Fund (during a Fund’s four previous calendar quarters
(or for the life of the Fund, if shorter)) can be found at www.abfunds.com.
CREATIONS
AND REDEMPTIONS
Prior
to trading in the secondary market, shares of each Fund are “created” at NAV by
Authorized Participants for market makers, large investors and institutions only
in block‑size Creation Units (25,000 shares in the case of the AB Ultra Short Income ETF and 50,000 shares in
the case of the AB Tax‑Aware Short Duration
Municipal ETF) or multiples thereof. Each “creator” or Authorized
Participant has entered into an agreement with the Distributor.
A
creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by the Distributor and the
Fund, generally takes place when an Authorized Participant deposits into the
Fund a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such
securities for which cash may be substituted) and a specified amount of cash
approximating the holdings of the Fund in exchange for a specified number of
Creation Units. To the extent practicable, the composition of such portfolio
generally corresponds pro rata to the holdings of the Fund. However, Creation
Units will generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the Fund.
The Fund may, in certain circumstances, offer Creation Units partially or solely
for cash.
Similarly,
shares can be redeemed only in Creation Units, generally for a designated
portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash
may be substituted) held by the Fund and a specified amount of cash. Except when
aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable by the Fund.
The
prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next
calculation of NAV after a creation or redemption order is received in an
acceptable form under the authorized participant agreement.
Only
an Authorized Participant may create or redeem Creation Units with the Fund.
Authorized Participants may create or redeem Creation Units for their own
accounts or for customers, including, without limitation, affiliates of the
Fund.
In
the event of a system failure or other interruption, including disruptions at
market makers or Authorized Participants, orders to purchase or redeem Creation
Units either may not be executed according to the Fund’s instructions or may not
be executed at all, or the Fund may not be able to place or change orders.
To
the extent the Fund engages in in‑kind transactions, the Fund intends to comply
with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and
satisfying redemptions with portfolio securities by, among other means, assuring
that any securities accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy
redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from
registration under the Securities Act. Further, an Authorized Participant that
is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined in Rule 144A
under the Securities Act, will not be able to receive restricted securities
eligible for resale under Rule 144A.
Creations
and redemptions must be made through a firm that is either a member of the
Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation
or a DTC participant that has executed an agreement with the Distributor with
respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Unit aggregations. Information
about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units
(including the cut‑off times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is
included in the Funds’ SAI.
COSTS
ASSOCIATED WITH CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS
The
Funds may impose a creation transaction fee and a redemption transaction fee to
offset transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance and
redemption of Creation Units of shares. The creation and redemption transaction
fees applicable to the Funds have both fixed and variable components. The
standard creation transaction fee, which is fixed, is charged to the Authorized
Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and
is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the
Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. Similarly, the standard
redemption transaction fee, which is a fixed fee, is charged to the Authorized
Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and
is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by the
Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. Creations and redemptions
for cash are also subject to a variable additional fee (up to the maximum amount
of 2% on redemption of Creation Units). This fee is intended to compensate for
transaction, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and
expenses related to cash transactions. From time to time, the transaction fees
may be waived when believed to be in the best interests of the Funds.
The
Distributor may refuse any order to purchase shares. Each Fund reserves the
right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions
in the securities markets or for other reasons.
30
DISTRIBUTION
PLAN
The
Funds have adopted a Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b‑1 of the 1940
Act which permits the Funds to pay Rule 12b‑1 fees not to exceed 0.25% per year
of the Fund’s average daily net assets. No such fee is currently paid, and the
Board of Directors of the Funds has not approved the commencement of payments
under the Rule 12b‑1 Distribution Plan. The Funds do not plan to make payments
under the Rule 12b‑1 Plan within one year of each Fund’s effective date. The
Funds will provide 60 days’ notice to shareholders before making payments under
the Rule 12b‑1 Plan. The Rule 12b‑1 Distribution Plan covers materials that may
be furnished, at the Adviser’s expense, to financial intermediaries and other
service providers that relate to the Funds.
ADDITIONAL
PAYMENTS TO BROKERS, DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
In
addition to the commissions paid to or charged by financial intermediaries at
the time of sale of Fund shares, the Adviser and its affiliates, at their own
expense, provide additional payments to brokers, dealers or other financial
intermediaries and service providers for distribution, marketing, promotional,
educational and other services. These payments are often referred to as “revenue
sharing” payments. In some circumstances, these payments may relate to
information provided by brokers, dealers and financial intermediaries about
investors in a Fund. In other circumstances, these payments may relate to
intermediaries making Fund shares available to their customers, including
through technology platforms, “preferred fund” programs, reduced commission
programs or to defray or reduce all or a portion of “ticket” or other
transactional charges imposed by the intermediary. These types of payments may
be viewed as an incentive for a broker, dealer or financial intermediary or its
representatives to recommend or offer shares of a Fund to its customers. You
should ask your broker, dealer or financial intermediary for more details about
any such payments it receives.
The
Funds may use brokers and dealers that are also Authorized Participants to
effectuate portfolio transactions. The Funds do not consider Authorized
Participants’ activities as a factor when selecting brokers or dealers to effect
portfolio transactions.
The
Adviser or an affiliate may pay fees to an exchange as part of a program to
provide compensation to market makers for liquidity and secondary market support
services. These fees are provided to market makers that meet certain liquidity
and other market quality standards with respect to a Fund. These fees are
subject to approval by the SEC and are not paid by a Fund.
HOW
THE FUNDS VALUE THEIR SHARES
Each
Fund’s NAV is calculated on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open at the
close of regular trading (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes
earlier, as in the case of scheduled half‑day trading or unscheduled suspensions
of trading). To calculate NAV, a Fund’s assets are valued and totaled,
liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by
the number of shares outstanding. If a Fund invests in securities that are
primarily traded on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when
the Fund does not price its shares, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may change on
days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem their shares in
the Fund.
The
Funds value their securities at market value determined on the basis of market
quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable,
at “fair value” as determined in accordance with procedures approved by the
Funds’ Board. Pursuant to these procedures, the Adviser, as each Fund’s
“valuation designee” pursuant to Rule 2a‑5 under the 1940 Act, is
responsible for making all fair value determinations relating to a Fund’s
portfolio investments, subject to the oversight of the Funds’ Board.
When
making a fair value determination, the Adviser may take into account any factors
it deems appropriate. The Adviser may determine fair value based upon
developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock
indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader
stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its
NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Making a
fair value determination involves subjective judgments and it is possible that
the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value
that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
The
Funds expect to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S.
exchanges under certain circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange
on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security, or for
securities for which market quotations are not readily available or deemed
unreliable (including restricted securities). The Funds use fair value pricing
routinely for securities primarily traded in non‑U.S. markets because, among
other things, most foreign markets close well before a Fund ordinarily values
its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The earlier close of these foreign
markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad
market moves, may have occurred in the interim. Factors considered in fair value
pricing may include, but are not limited to, interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, levels of publicly available benchmarks, prices of futures
contracts or comparable securities, or information obtained by analysis of the
issuers’ financial statements. Because most fixed-income securities are not
traded on exchanges, they are primarily valued using fair value prices provided
by independent pricing services when the valuation designee reasonably believes
that such prices reflect the fair value of the instrument.
The
Adviser has established a valuation committee of senior officers and employees
of the Adviser (“Valuation Committee”) to fulfill the Adviser’s responsibilities
as each Fund’s valuation designee, which operates under the policies and
procedures approved by the Board, to value the Fund’s assets on behalf of the
Fund. The Valuation Committee values Fund assets as described above. More
information about the valuation of the Funds’ assets is available in the Funds’
SAI.
31
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS
INVESTMENT
ADVISER
Each
Fund’s investment adviser is AllianceBernstein L.P., 501 Commerce Street,
Nashville, TN 37203. The Adviser, which is a controlled indirect subsidiary of
Equitable Holdings, Inc., is a leading global investment adviser supervising
client accounts with assets as of December 31, 2022 totaling approximately
$646 billion (of which approximately $121 billion represented assets
of registered investment companies sponsored by the Adviser). As of
December 31, 2022, the Adviser managed retirement assets for many of the
largest public and private employee benefit plans (including 17 of the nation’s
FORTUNE 100 companies), for public employee retirement funds in 33 of the 50
states, for investment companies, and for foundations, endowments, banks and
insurance companies worldwide. The 28 registered investment companies managed by
the Adviser, comprising approximately 92 separate investment portfolios, had as
of December 31, 2022 approximately 2.7 million shareholder accounts.
The
Adviser provides investment advisory services and order placement facilities for
each of the Funds. The Adviser is paid an annual unitary management fee by each
Fund as set forth below and is responsible for the Fund’s expenses, including
the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and
other services as well as acquired fund fees and expenses for affiliated money
market funds, but excluding fee payments under the Fund’s investment advisory
agreement, interest, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses for unaffiliated
funds, if any, brokerage commissions and other expenses connected with the
execution of portfolio transactions, distribution and service fees payable
pursuant to a Rule 12b‑1 plan, if any, litigation, and extraordinary expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
|
Fee as a Percentage of Average
Daily Net Assets |
|
Fiscal Period
Ended |
AB
Ultra Short Income ETF |
|
|
|
.25 |
% |
|
|
|
11/30/22 |
|
AB
Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF |
|
|
|
.27 |
% |
|
|
|
11/30/22 |
|
A
discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of each Fund’s
investment advisory agreement is available in each Fund’s annual report to
shareholders for the fiscal period ended November 30, 2022.
The
Adviser acts as an investment adviser to other persons, firms, or corporations,
including investment companies, hedge funds, pension funds, and other
institutional investors. The Adviser may receive management fees, including
performance fees, that may be higher or lower than the advisory fees it receives
from the Funds. Certain other clients of the Adviser have investment objectives
and policies similar to those of a Fund. The Adviser may, from time to time,
make recommendations that result in the purchase or sale of a particular
security by its other clients simultaneously with a Fund. If transactions on
behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for
securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be
an adverse effect on price or quantity. It is the policy of the Adviser to
allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is
deemed equitable by the Adviser to the accounts involved, including the Funds.
When two or more of the clients of the Adviser (including a Fund) are purchasing
or selling the same security on a given day from the same broker or dealer, such
transactions are averaged as to price. The securities are then allocated to
participating accounts using automated algorithms designed to achieve a fair,
equitable and objective distribution of the securities over time.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS
The
management of, and investment decisions for, the Funds’ portfolios are made by
certain Investment Policy Teams. Each Investment Policy Team relies heavily on
the fundamental analysis and research of the Adviser’s large internal research
staff. No one person is principally responsible for coordinating each Fund’s
investments.
The
following table lists the Investment Policy Teams, the persons within each
Investment Policy Team with the most significant responsibility for day‑to‑day
management of each Fund’s portfolio, the length of time that each person has
been jointly and primarily responsible for the Fund, and each person’s principal
occupation during the past five years:
|
|
|
| |
Fund
and
Responsible
Team |
|
Employee; Year; Title |
|
Principal
Occupation(s)
During the Past Five (5) Years |
AB
Ultra Short Income ETF
Ultra Short Income Investment
Team |
|
Lucas Krupa; since September 2022; Senior
Vice President of the Adviser |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser and
Money Markets Associate on the Fixed-Income Cash Management Team, with
which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his
current position since prior to 2018. |
|
| |
| |
Matthew S. Sheridan; since September 2022;
Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with
which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his
current position since prior to 2018. |
32
|
|
|
| |
Fund
and
Responsible
Team |
|
Employee; Year; Title |
|
Principal
Occupation(s)
During the Past Five (5) Years |
AB
Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
Tax‑Aware Investment Team |
|
Daryl Clements; since February 2023;
Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with
which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his
current position since prior to 2018. |
|
| |
| |
Matthew J. Norton; since September 2022;
Senior Vice President of the Adviser, and Chief Investment
Officer—Municipal Bonds |
|
Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with
which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his
current position since prior to 2018. |
|
| |
| |
Andrew D. Potter; since September 2022;
Vice President of the Adviser |
|
Vice President of the Adviser, with which
he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current
position since prior to 2018. |
The
Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’
compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the
portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds.
33
DIVIDENDS,
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
DIVIDENDS
AND DISTRIBUTIONS INFORMATION
Dividends
from net investment income from the Funds, if any, are declared and paid monthly
by the Funds. The Funds distribute their net realized capital gains, if any, to
shareholders at least annually. During the fourth quarter of the calendar year,
typically in early November, an estimate of each Fund’s capital gains
distribution, if any, will be made available at www.alliancebernstein.com/investments/us/tax‑center.htm.
If you purchased your shares in the secondary market, your broker is responsible
for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Distributions
in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole shares only if the
broker through whom you purchased shares makes such option available. Such
shares will generally be reinvested by the broker based upon the market price of
those shares and investors may be subject to customary brokerage commissions
charged by the broker.
TAX
INFORMATION
Any
investment in a Fund typically involves several tax considerations. The
information below is intended as a general summary for U.S. citizens and
residents. Please see the SAI for additional information. Because each person’s
tax situation is different, you are encouraged to consult your tax adviser about
the tax implications of an investment in a Fund in your particular situation.
You also can visit the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) website at www.irs.gov for more information about
applicable tax rates and other information.
Taxation
of Distributions
While
it is the intention of each Fund to distribute to its shareholders substantially
all of each fiscal year’s net income and net realized capital gains, if any, the
amount and timing of any dividend or distribution will depend on the realization
by the Fund of income and capital gains from investments. There is no fixed
dividend rate and there can be no assurance that a Fund will pay any
distributions or realize any capital gains. The final determination of the
amount of a Fund’s return of capital distributions for the period will be made
after the end of each calendar year.
The
distributions you receive from a Fund are taxable, whether you take the
distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. The Fund’s
distributions may be treated either as ordinary income or as long-term capital
gain.
Distributions
of net capital gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned for more
than one year and that are properly designated as capital gains distributions
are taxable as long-term capital gains, taxable at a maximum rate of 20% for
individuals, trusts and estates. A Fund may also make distributions that are
treated as “qualified dividend income”, which is taxed at the same rates as
long-term capital gains, to the extent such distributions are attributable to,
and properly designated by a Fund as, “qualified dividend income”. “Qualified
dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends from U.S.
corporations and “qualified foreign corporations”. A Fund will notify you as to
how much of the Fund’s distributions, if any, qualify for these reduced tax
rates. The Fund’s income is primarily derived from investments earning interest
income, and therefore, under normal circumstances, the Fund expects that none or
only a very small portion of its distributions would be “qualified dividend
income”.
Other
distributions by a Fund are generally taxable to you as ordinary income.
Dividends
declared in October, November, or December and paid in January of the following
year are taxable as if they had been paid the previous December.
Under
certain circumstances, if a Fund realizes losses (e.g., from fluctuations in currency exchange
rates) after paying a dividend, all or a portion of the dividend may
subsequently be characterized as a return of capital. Returns of capital are
generally nontaxable, but will reduce your tax basis in your Fund shares (which
will increase the capital gain or reduce the capital loss that you subsequently
realize on a sale of your shares). If that basis is reduced to zero (which could
happen if you do not reinvest distributions and returns of capital are
significant), any further returns of capital will be taxable to you as a capital
gain.
Taxation
of Sales of Shares
If
you sell your Fund shares in the secondary market on an exchange, you may
realize gain (or loss). The amount of your gain (or loss) will be the difference
between the proceeds of the sale (the market price per share on the date of sale
times the number Fund shares sold reduced by the expenses of the sale, if any)
and your adjusted basis in those Fund shares sold. Any capital gain or loss is
generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held
for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have
been held for one year or less. Long-term capital gains are taxable at a maximum
rate of 20% for individuals, trusts and estates. Capital loss realized on the
sale or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as
long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received by
the shareholder. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.
Taxation
of Creation Units
If
an Authorized Participant exchanges securities for Creation Units, the
Authorized Participant will generally recognize capital gain or capital loss
from the exchange. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the
market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the
Authorized Participant’s aggregate tax basis in the securities surrendered plus
any cash paid for the Creation Units. If the Authorized Participant exchanges
Creation Units for securities, the Authorized Participant will generally
recognize capital gain or capital loss equal to the difference between the
Authorized Participant’s tax basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate
market value of the securities and the amount of cash received.
34
Net
Investment Income Tax
Individuals,
trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject
to a 3.8% tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into
account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of
shares.
Foreign
Taxes and Foreign Tax Credit
Investment
income received by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject
to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. To the extent that any Fund is
liable for foreign income taxes withheld at the source, the Fund may be eligible
to “pass through” to the Fund’s shareholders credits for foreign income taxes
paid (or to permit shareholders to claim a deduction for such foreign taxes),
but there can be no assurance that any Fund will be so eligible, and Funds that
invest primarily in U.S. securities will not be so eligible. Furthermore, a
shareholder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction for foreign
taxes paid by a Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code,
as a result of which a shareholder may not be permitted to claim a credit or
deduction for all or a portion of the amount of such taxes.
General
If
you purchase shares before the Fund deducts a distribution from its NAV, you
will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price
back as a distribution, which may be taxable.
Each
year shortly after December 31, a Fund will send you tax information
stating the amount and type of all its distributions for the year. You are
encouraged to consult your tax adviser about the federal, state, and local tax
consequences in your particular circumstances, as well as about any possible
foreign tax consequences.
Dividend
distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your
gains or losses from any sale of shares, may be subject to state and local
income taxes.
Non‑U.S.
Shareholders
If
you are a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation for federal
income tax purposes, please see the Funds’ SAI for information on how you will
be taxed as a result of holding shares in the Funds.
35
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Under
unusual circumstances, a Fund may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for up
to seven days or longer, as permitted by federal securities law.
Householding. Householding is an
option available to certain investors. Householding is a method of delivery,
based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of
certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same
address, even if their accounts are registered under different names.
Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. Please
contact your broker-dealer if you are interested in enrolling in householding
and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, or
if you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your
householding status.
36
GLOSSARY
OF INVESTMENT TERMS
AMT is the federal alternative minimum tax.
AMT‑Subject bonds are municipal securities
paying interest that is an item of “tax preference” and thus subject to the AMT
when received by a person in a tax year during which the person is subject to
the AMT. These securities are primarily private activity bonds, including
revenue bonds.
Bonds are interest-bearing or discounted
government or corporate securities that obligate the issuer to pay the bond
holder a specified sum of money, usually at specified intervals, and to repay
the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Fixed-income securities are investments, such
as bonds, that pay a fixed rate of return.
Municipal securities are debt obligations
issued by states, territories and possessions of the United States and the
District of Columbia, and their political subdivisions, duly constituted
authorities and corporations. Municipal securities include municipal bonds,
which are intended to meet longer-term capital needs and municipal notes, which
are intended to fulfill short-term capital needs.
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating
Organizations, or NRSROs, are credit rating agencies registered with the
SEC. NRSROs assess the creditworthiness of an obligor as an entity or with
respect to specific securities or money market instruments. A list of credit
rating agencies currently registered as NRSROs can be found on the SEC’s website
(http://www.sec.gov).
U.S. Government securities are securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities,
including obligations that are issued by private issuers that are guaranteed as
to principal or interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities, or by certain government-sponsored entities (entities
chartered by or sponsored by Act of Congress). These securities include
securities backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, those
supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, and those
backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or entity itself. The first
category includes U.S. Treasury securities (which are U.S. Treasury bills,
notes, and bonds) and certificates issued by the Government National Mortgage
Association. U.S. Government securities not backed by the full faith and credit
of the United States or a right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury include
certificates issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
37
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
The
financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Fund’s
financial performance for the period of the Fund’s operations. Certain
information reflects financial results for shares of each Fund. The total
returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or
lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions). Each Fund’s financial statements have been audited by
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The
report of the independent registered public accounting firm, along with each
Fund’s financial statements, are included in each Fund’s annual report, which is
available upon request.
AB
Ultra Short Income ETF
|
|
|
| |
|
|
September 14, 2022(a) to November 30,
2022 |
|
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
|
$ |
50.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Income
From Investment Operations |
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(b)(c) |
|
|
.42 |
|
Net
realized and unrealized loss on investment transactions |
|
|
(.20 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net
increase in net asset value from operations |
|
|
.22 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Less:
Dividends |
|
|
| |
Dividends
from net investment income |
|
|
(.24 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net
asset value, end of period |
|
$ |
49.98 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Total
Return |
|
|
| |
Total
investment return based on net asset value(d) |
|
|
.46 |
% |
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data |
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (000’s omitted) |
|
$ |
150,002 |
|
Ratio
to average net assets of: |
|
|
| |
Expenses,
net of waivers/reimbursements |
|
|
.25 |
%^ |
Expenses,
before waivers/reimbursements |
|
|
.25 |
%^ |
Net
investment income(c) |
|
|
3.98 |
%^ |
Portfolio
turnover rate(e) |
|
|
35 |
% |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations. |
(b) |
Based
on average shares outstanding. |
(c) |
Net
of expenses waived/reimbursed by the Adviser. |
(d) |
Total
investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the
net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, and
redemption on the last day of the period. Total return does not reflect
the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on fund distributions
or the redemption of fund shares. Total investment return calculated for a
period of less than one year is not annualized. |
(e) |
Excludes
the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result
of in‑kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital
shares, including ETF creation units. |
38
AB
Tax-Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF
|
|
|
| |
|
|
September 14, 2022(a) to November 30, 2022 |
|
Net
asset value, beginning of period |
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Income
From Investment Operations |
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(b)(c) |
|
|
.16 |
|
Net
realized and unrealized loss on investment transactions |
|
|
(.10 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net
increase in net asset value from operations |
|
|
.06 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Less:
Dividends |
|
|
| |
Dividends
from net investment income |
|
|
(.09 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
Net
asset value, end of period |
|
$ |
24.97 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Total
Return(d) |
|
|
| |
Total
investment return based on net asset value |
|
|
.22 |
% |
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data |
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of period (000’s omitted) |
|
$ |
47,492 |
|
Ratio
to average net assets of: |
|
|
| |
Expenses,
net of waivers/reimbursements |
|
|
.27 |
%^ |
Expenses,
before waivers/reimbursements |
|
|
.27 |
%^ |
Net
investment income(c) |
|
|
2.99 |
%^ |
Portfolio
turnover rate(e) |
|
|
11 |
% |
(a) |
Commencement
of operations. |
(b) |
Based
on average shares outstanding. |
(c) |
Net
of expenses waived/reimbursed by the Adviser. |
(d) |
Total
investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the
net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, and
redemption on the last day of the period. Total return does not reflect
the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on fund distributions
or the redemption of fund shares. Total investment return calculated for a
period of less than one year is not annualized. |
(e) |
Excludes
the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result
of in‑kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital
shares, including ETF creation units. |
39
APPENDIX
A
BOND
RATINGS
The
following is a summary of published ratings by certain NRSROs. The Adviser
generally uses ratings issued by such NRSROs but may rely on ratings from other
NRSROs, depending on the security in question. The rating of an issuer is
heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable
future conditions. While NRSROs may from time to time revise such ratings, they
undertake no obligation to do so. NRSROs may also fail to change credit ratings
to reflect subsequent events on a timely basis.
Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”)
Aaa—Bonds
which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality and are subject to
the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Bonds
which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low
credit risk.
A—Bonds
which are rated A are judged to be upper-medium-grade and are subject to low
credit risk.
Baa—Bonds
which are rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit
risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Bonds
which are rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial
credit risk.
B—Bonds
which are rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit
risk.
Caa—Bonds
which are rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are
subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Bonds
which are rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near,
default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Bonds
which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in
default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note—Moody’s
applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification
from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the
higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid‑range
ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of its generic
rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of
hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities
firms.
By
their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends,
interest or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if
such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually
allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together
with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid
security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that
security.
S&P
Global Ratings (“S&P”)
AAA—Debt
rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to
meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—Debt
rated AA differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The
obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very
strong.
A—Debt
rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated
categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on
the obligation is still strong.
BBB—Debt
rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic
conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s
capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB,
B, CCC, CC, C—Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC or C are regarded as having significant
speculative characteristics. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C
the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major
exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—Debt
rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative debt. However,
it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposures to adverse business, financial
or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to
meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B—Debt
rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the
obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the
obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely
impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments
on the obligation.
CCC—Debt
rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable
business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its
financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business,
financial or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity
to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC—Debt
rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used
when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual
certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C—Debt
rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is
expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared
with obligations that are rated higher.
A-1
D—Debt
rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non‑hybrid capital
instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are
not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be
made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within
the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also
will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar
action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example
due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to D if it
is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Plus
(+) or Minus (-)—Ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a
plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
NR—NR
indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
Fitch
Ratings
AAA—Bonds
considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The AAA
ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk and are assigned only in
cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments.
This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA—Bonds
considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The AA
ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk and indicate very strong
capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not
significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A—Bonds
considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The A ratings
denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial
commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more
vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than bonds with higher
ratings.
BBB—Bonds
considered to be investment grade and of good credit quality. The BBB ratings
indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for
payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or
economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB—Bonds
are considered speculative, and are indicative of an elevated vulnerability to
credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or
economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may
be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B—Bonds
are considered highly speculative. The B ratings indicate that material credit
risk is present.
CCC—Bonds
are considered to have substantial credit risk.
CC—Bonds
are considered to have very high levels of credit risk.
C—Bonds
are considered to have exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted
obligations are typically rated in the CCC to C rating categories, depending
upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach
better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying
vulnerability to default and loss.
Plus
(+) Minus (-)—Plus and minus signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the
relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and minus signs,
however, are not used in the AAA category or in categories below CCC.
DBRS
Morningstar
AAA—Long-term
debt rated AAA is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of
financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely
affected by future events.
AA—Long-term
debt rated AA is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of
financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from AAA only
to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
A—Long-term
debt rated A is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of
financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May
be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered
manageable.
BBB—Long-term
debt rated BBB is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of
financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future
events.
BB—Long-term
debt rated BB is of speculative, non‑investment grade credit quality. The
capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to
future events.
B—Long-term
debt rated B is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of
uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
CCC,
CC and C—Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly
speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations.
There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C
ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to
default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations
in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered
inevitable may be rated in the C category.
D—When
the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up
statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of
grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS Morningstar may also use SD
(Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as
the case of a “distressed exchange.”
All
rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and
“(low).” The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the
rating is in the middle of the category.
A-2
Kroll
Bond Rating Agency (“KBRA”)
AAA—Determined
to have almost no risk of loss due to credit-related events. Assigned only to
the very highest quality obligors and obligations able to survive extremely
challenging economic events.
AA—Determined
to have minimal risk of loss due to credit-related events. Such obligors and
obligations are deemed very high quality.
A—Determined
to be of high quality with a small risk of loss due to credit-related events.
Issuers and obligations in this category are expected to weather difficult times
with low credit losses.
BBB—Determined
to be of medium quality with some risk of loss due to credit-related events.
Such issuers and obligations may experience credit losses during stressed
environments.
BB—Determined
to be of low quality with moderate risk of loss due to credit-related events.
Such issuers and obligations have fundamental weaknesses that create moderate
credit risk.
B—Determined
to be of very low quality with high risk of loss due to credit-related events.
These issuers and obligations contain many fundamental shortcomings that create
significant credit risk.
CCC—Determined
to be at substantial risk of loss due to credit-related events, near default or
in default with high recovery expectations.
CC—Determined
to be near default or in default with average recovery expectations.
C—Determined
to be near default or in default with low recovery expectations.
D—KBRA
defines default as occurring if: (1) there is a missed interest payment,
principal payment, or preferred dividend payment, as applicable, on a rated
obligation which is unlikely to be recovered; (2) the rated entity files
for protection from creditors, is placed into receivership, or is closed by
regulators such that a missed payment is likely to result; (3) the rated
entity seeks and completes a distressed exchange, where existing rated
obligations are replaced by new obligations with a diminished economic value.
KBRA
may append - or + modifiers to ratings in categories AA through CCC to indicate,
respectively, upper and lower risk levels within the broader category.
A-3
For
more information about the Funds, the following documents are available upon
request:
• |
|
ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS |
The
Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional
information on the Funds’ investments. In the annual report, you will find a
discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly
affected a Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.
• |
|
STATEMENT
OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) |
The
Funds have an SAI, which contains more detailed information about the Funds,
including their operations and investment policies. The Funds’ SAI and the
independent registered public accounting firm’s report and financial statements
in each Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders are
incorporated
by reference into (and are legally part of) this Prospectus.
You
may request a free copy of the current annual/semi-annual report or the SAI, or
make inquiries concerning the Funds, by contacting your broker or other
financial intermediary, or by contacting the Adviser:
|
| |
By Mail: |
|
c/o
Foreside Fund Services, LLC
Three
Canal Plaza, Suite 100
Portland,
Maine 04101 |
| |
By Phone: |
|
For
Information and Literature:
(800)
243‑5994 |
| |
On the Internet: |
|
www.abfunds.com |
You
may also view reports and other information about the Funds, including the SAI,
by visiting the EDGAR database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s
website (http://www.sec.gov).
Copies of this information can be obtained, for a duplicating fee, by electronic
request at the following e‑mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
You
also may find these documents and more information about the Adviser and the
Funds on the Internet at: www.abfunds.com.
The
[A/B] Logo is a service mark of AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein® is a registered trademark
used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
|
SEC File No. |
AB
Ultra Short Income ETF |
|
|
|
811‑23799 |
|
AB
Tax‑Aware Short Duration Municipal ETF |
|
|
|
811‑23799 |
|
PRO-ETF01-0323