Emerging Markets Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities entail significant risks in addition to those customarily associated with investing in U.S. equities. These risks include risks related to unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support, economic sanctions and potential responses to those sanctions, inadequate accounting standards and auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements, lack of information, social instability, armed conflict, and other adverse market, economic, political and regulatory factors, all of which could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolio’s assets. These risks are heightened with respect to issuers in emerging-market countries because the markets are less developed and less liquid and there may be a greater amount of 

economic, political and social uncertainty, and these risks are even more pronounced in “frontier” markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets. Emerging markets typically have fewer medical and economic resources than more developed countries, and thus they may be less able to control or mitigate the effects of a pandemic, climate change, or a natural disaster. In addition, the value of the Portfolio’s investments may decline because of factors such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions and reduction of government or central bank support. 

Foreign Currency Risk: This is the risk that changes in foreign (non‑U.S.) currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s investments or reduce the returns of the Portfolio. For example, the value of the Portfolio’s investments in foreign securities and foreign currency positions may decrease if the U.S. Dollar is strong (i.e., gaining value relative to other currencies) and other currencies are weak (i.e., losing value relative to the U.S. Dollar). The value of the U.S. Dollar has recently appreciated in value against most foreign currencies, which may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s foreign investments when converted to U.S. Dollars. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Redemption Risk: The Portfolio may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the Portfolio to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or unfavorable prices or increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the Portfolio’s net asset value (“NAV”) or performance, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that stock prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. Stock prices may decline in response to adverse changes in the economy or the economic outlook; deterioration in investor sentiment; interest rate, currency and commodity price fluctuations; adverse geopolitical, social or environmental developments; issuer- and sector-specific considerations; public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness) and regional and global conflicts; cybersecurity events; market disruptions caused by tariffs; trade disputes; measures to address budget deficits; downgrading of sovereign debt; sanctions or other government actions; and other factors. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States, Europe and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may recur from time to time and have an adverse impact on various securities markets. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt. 

Capitalization Risk: Investments in small- and mid‑capitalization companies may be more volatile than investments in large-capitalization companies. Investments in small-capitalization companies may have additional risks because these companies have limited product lines, markets or financial resources. The prices of securities of mid-capitalization companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions, including those experienced during a recession. Securities of mid-capitalization companies may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times or at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may have greater potential for losses. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. While hedging can guard against potential risks, there is also a risk that a derivative intended as a hedge may not perform as expected. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted as margin or collateral for derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Derivatives, especially over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. Use of derivatives may have different tax 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Portfolio’s returns may be adversely affected, including to such an extent that the Portfolio may be unable to maintain positive returns. A Portfolio may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the recent tightening of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, which has caused the Federal Reserve to increase short-term interest rates in an effort to address rising inflation. 

Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating, although credit ratings are opinions and not guarantees of quality. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit “spreads” (i.e., the difference between the yields on lower quality securities and the yields on higher quality securities) may get larger or “widen”. As a result, the values of the lower quality securities may go down more and they may become harder to sell. 

Municipal Market Risk: This is the risk that special factors may adversely affect the value of municipal securities and have a significant effect on the yield or value of the Portfolio’s investments in municipal securities. These factors include economic conditions, political or legislative changes, uncertainties related to the tax status of municipal securities, and the rights of investors in these securities. The value of municipal securities may also be adversely affected by rising health care costs, increasing unfunded pension liabilities, and by the phasing out of federal programs providing financial support. There have been some municipal issuers that have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of municipal issuers may get worse, particularly in light of the economic impact of the recent spread of an infectious coronavirus (COVID‑19). Most of the Portfolio’s investments are in New York municipal securities. Thus, the Portfolio may be vulnerable to events adversely affecting New York’s economy, including economic, political and regulatory occurrences, court decisions, terrorism, public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness) and catastrophic natural disasters, such as hurricanes, wildfires, flooding and blizzards, which may be further exacerbated by recent environmental conditions and climate change patterns. New York’s economy has a relatively large share of the nation’s financial activities. With the financial services sector contributing a significant portion of the state’s wages, the state’s economy is especially vulnerable to adverse events affecting the financial markets such as the recent market downturns in equity and fixed income securities. The Portfolio’s investments in certain municipal securities with principal and interest payments that are made from the revenues of a specific project or facility, and not general tax revenues, are subject to the risk that factors affecting the project or facility, such as local business or economic conditions, could have a significant effect on the project’s ability to make payments of principal and interest on these securities. 

Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolio’s assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolio’s distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Rates of inflation have recently risen, which have adversely affected economies and markets. Rising inflation has caused the Federal Reserve and other central banks to take actions—including raising interest rates—that have caused further adverse effects to economies and markets, and more such actions may be forthcoming. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led 

to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. The Portfolio is subject to greater risk because the market for municipal securities is generally smaller and may not be as liquid as many other fixed-income markets, which may make municipal securities more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. While hedging can guard against potential risks, there is also a risk that a derivative intended as a hedge may not perform as expected. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted as margin or collateral for derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Derivatives, especially over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Portfolio than an investment in the underlying asset or index, and such differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders, including the proportion of income consisting of exempt-interest dividends. The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as additional regulations governing margin, reporting and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may continue, worsen, or spread. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt. 

Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Portfolio’s returns may be adversely affected, including to such an extent that the Portfolio may be unable to maintain positive returns. A Portfolio may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the recent tightening of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, which has caused the Federal Reserve to increase short-term interest rates in an effort to address rising inflation. 

Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating, although credit ratings are opinions and not guarantees of quality. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit “spreads” (i.e., the difference between the yields on lower quality securities and the yields on higher quality securities) may get larger or “widen”. As a result, the values of the lower quality securities may go down more and they may become harder to sell. 

Municipal Market Risk: This is the risk that special factors may adversely affect the value of municipal securities and have a significant effect on the yield or value of the Portfolio’s investments in municipal securities. These factors include economic conditions, political or legislative changes, uncertainties related to the tax status of municipal securities, and the rights of investors in these securities. 

Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolio’s assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolio’s distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Rates of inflation have recently risen, which have adversely affected economies and markets. Rising inflation has caused the Federal Reserve and other central banks to take actions—including raising interest rates—that have caused further adverse effects to economies and markets, and more such actions may be forthcoming. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led 

to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. The Portfolio is subject to greater risk because the market for municipal securities is generally smaller and may not be as liquid as many other fixed-income markets, which may make municipal securities more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. While hedging can guard against potential risks, there is also a risk that a derivative intended as a hedge may not perform as expected. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted as margin or collateral for derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Derivatives, especially over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Portfolio than an investment in the underlying asset or index, and such differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders, including the proportion of income consisting of exempt-interest dividends. The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as additional regulations governing margin, reporting and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may continue, worsen, or spread. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt. 

Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Portfolio’s returns may be adversely affected, including to such an extent that the Portfolio may be unable to maintain positive returns. A Portfolio may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the recent tightening of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, which has caused the Federal Reserve to increase short-term interest rates in an effort to address rising inflation. 

Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating, although credit ratings are opinions and not guarantees of quality. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will 

default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit “spreads” (i.e., the difference between the yields on lower quality securities and the yields on higher quality securities) may get larger or “widen”. As a result, the values of the lower quality securities may go down more and they may become harder to sell. 

Duration Risk: The duration of a fixed-income security may be shorter than or equal to full maturity of the fixed-income security. Fixed-income securities with longer durations have more interest rate risk and will decrease in price as interest rates rise. Securities that have final maturities longer than their durations may be affected by increased credit spreads to a far greater degree than their durations would suggest, because they are exposed to credit risk until final maturity. 

Municipal Market Risk: This is the risk that special factors may adversely affect the value of municipal securities and have a significant effect on the yield or value of the Portfolio’s investments in municipal securities. These factors include economic conditions, political or legislative changes, uncertainties related to the tax status of municipal securities, and the rights of investors in these securities. The value of municipal securities may also be adversely affected by rising health care costs, increasing unfunded pension liabilities, and by the phasing out of federal programs providing financial support. There have been some municipal issuers that have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of municipal issuers may get worse, particularly in light of the economic impact of the recent spread of an infectious coronavirus (COVID‑19). To the extent the Portfolio invests in a particular state’s municipal securities, it may be vulnerable to events adversely affecting that state, including economic, political and regulatory occurrences, court decisions, terrorism, public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness) and catastrophic natural disasters, such as hurricanes, wildfires, flooding and earthquakes, which may be further exacerbated by recent environmental conditions and climate change patterns. The Portfolio’s investments in certain municipal securities with principal and interest payments that are made from the revenues of a specific project or facility, and not general tax revenues, are subject to the risk that factors affecting the project or facility, such as local business or economic conditions, could have a significant effect on the project’s ability to make payments of principal and interest on these securities. 

Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolio’s assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolio’s distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Rates of inflation have recently risen, which have adversely affected economies and markets. Rising inflation has caused the Federal Reserve and other central banks to take actions—including raising interest rates—that have caused further adverse effects to economies and markets, and more such actions may be forthcoming. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. The Portfolio is subject to greater risk because the market for municipal securities is generally smaller and may not be as liquid as many other fixed-income markets, which may make municipal securities more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Redemption Risk: The Portfolio may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the Portfolio to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or unfavorable prices or increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the Portfolio’s net asset value, or performance, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may continue, worsen, or spread. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt. 

Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Portfolio’s returns may be adversely affected, including to such an extent that the Portfolio may be unable to maintain positive returns. A Portfolio may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the recent tightening of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, which has caused the Federal Reserve to increase short-term interest rates in an effort to address rising inflation. 

Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating, although credit ratings are opinions and not guarantees of quality. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit “spreads” (i.e., the difference 

Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolio’s assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolio’s distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Rates of inflation have recently risen, which have adversely affected economies and markets. Rising inflation has caused the Federal Reserve and other central banks to take actions—including raising interest rates—that have caused further adverse effects to economies and markets, and more such actions may be forthcoming. 

Foreign (Non‑U.S.) Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities entail significant risks in addition to those customarily associated with investing in U.S. securities, such as less liquid, less transparent, less regulated and more volatile markets. These risks include risks related to unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support, economic sanctions and potential responses to those sanctions, inadequate accounting standards and auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements, lack of information, social instability, armed conflict, and other adverse market, economic political and regulatory factors, all of which could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolio’s assets. 

Emerging Markets Securities Risk: The risks of investing in foreign (non‑U.S.) securities are heightened with respect to issuers in emerging-market countries because the markets are less developed and less liquid and there may be a greater amount of economic, political and social uncertainty, and these risks are even more pronounced in “frontier” markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets. Emerging markets typically have fewer medical and economic resources than more developed countries, and thus they may be less able to control or mitigate the effects of a pandemic, climate change, or a natural disaster. In addition, the value of the Portfolio’s investments may decline because of factors such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions and reduction of government or central bank support. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. While hedging can guard against potential risks, there is also a risk that a derivative intended as a hedge may not perform as expected. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted as margin or collateral for derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Derivatives, especially over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Portfolio than an investment in the underlying asset or index, and such differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders. The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as additional regulations governing margin, reporting and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Redemption Risk: The Portfolio may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the Portfolio to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or unfavorable prices or increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the Portfolio’s net asset value, or performance, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. 

Foreign Currency Risk: This is the risk that changes in foreign (non‑U.S.) currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s investments or reduce the returns of the Portfolio. For example, the value of the Portfolio’s investments in foreign securities and foreign currency positions may decrease if the U.S. Dollar is strong (i.e., gaining value relative to other currencies) and other currencies are weak (i.e., losing value relative to the U.S. Dollar). The value of the U.S. Dollar has recently appreciated in value against most foreign currencies, which may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s foreign investments when converted to U.S. Dollars. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States, Europe and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may recur from time to time and have an adverse impact on various securities markets. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that 

are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt. 

Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Portfolio’s returns may be adversely affected, including to such an extent that the Portfolio may be unable to maintain positive returns. A Portfolio may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case due to the recent tightening of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, which has caused the Federal Reserve to increase short-term interest rates in an effort to address rising inflation. 

Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating, although credit ratings are opinions and not guarantees of quality. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. 

Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolio’s assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolio’s distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. Rates of inflation have recently risen, which have adversely affected economies and markets. Rising inflation has caused the Federal Reserve and other central banks to take actions—including raising interest rates—that have caused further adverse effects to economies and markets, and more such actions may be forthcoming. 

Foreign (Non‑U.S.) Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities entail significant risks in addition to those customarily associated with investing in U.S. securities, such as less liquid, less transparent, less regulated and more volatile markets. These risks include risks related to unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support, economic sanctions and potential responses to those sanctions, inadequate accounting standards and auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements, lack of information, social instability, armed conflict, and other adverse market, economic, political and regulatory factors, all of which could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolio’s assets. 

Emerging Markets Securities Risk: The risks of investing in foreign (non‑U.S.) securities are heightened with respect to issuers in emerging-market countries because the markets are less developed and less liquid and there may be a greater amount of economic, political and social uncertainty, and these risks are even more pronounced in “frontier” markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets. Emerging markets typically have fewer medical and economic resources than more developed countries, and thus they may be less able to control or mitigate the effects of a pandemic, climate change, or a natural disaster. In addition, the value of the Portfolio’s investments may decline because of factors such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions and reduction of government or central bank support. 

Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. While hedging can guard against potential risks, there is also a risk that a derivative intended as a hedge may not perform as expected. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted as margin or collateral for derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Derivatives, especially over‑the‑counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Portfolio than an investment in the underlying asset or index, and such differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders. The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as additional regulations governing margin, reporting and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. 

Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolio’s shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable, or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolio’s investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. 

Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult or impossible to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from purchasing or selling these securities at an advantageous price. In certain cases, governmental actions could prevent sales of securities or repatriation of proceeds. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. If the Portfolio is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or to try to limit losses, the Portfolio may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. 

Redemption Risk: The Portfolio may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the Portfolio to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or unfavorable prices or increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the Portfolio’s net asset value, or performance, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. 

Foreign Currency Risk: This is the risk that changes in foreign (non‑U.S.) currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s investments or reduce the returns of the Portfolio. For example, the value of the Portfolio’s investments in foreign securities and foreign currency positions may decrease if the U.S. Dollar is strong (i.e., gaining value relative to other currencies) and other currencies are weak (i.e., losing value relative to the U.S. Dollar). The value of the U.S. Dollar has recently appreciated in value against most foreign currencies, which may negatively affect the value of the Portfolio’s foreign investments when converted to U.S. Dollars. 

Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States, Europe and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may recur from time to time and have an adverse impact on various securities markets. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have provided significant support to financial markets in response to serious economic disruptions, including, but not limited to, buying stocks, providing direct capital infusions into companies, implementing new monetary programs, dramatically lowering interest rates and through other market interventions. Government actions to support 

the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long term consequences of which are not known. Rates of inflation have recently risen. The Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign central banks have recently raised interest rates as part of their efforts to address rising inflation, and there is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise. Central bank, government or regulatory actions, including increases or decreases in interest rates, or actions that are inconsistent with such actions by different central banks, governments or regulators, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt.