Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. February 28, 2023
Prospectus Mutual Funds for Individual Investors Global Equity Portfolio HLMGX:
Advisor Class International Equity Portfolio HLMNX: Investor Class International
Small Companies Portfolio HLMSX: Investor Class Emerging Markets Portfolio
HLEMX: Advisor Class Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio HLMOX: Investor Class
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not
approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
⬛ Table
of Contents
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Global Equity
Portfolio
Portfolio
Summary | February 28, 2023 | Advisor Class HLMGX |
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Investment Objective
The
Global Equity Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) seeks long-term capital appreciation
through investments in equity securities of companies based both inside and
outside the United States.
Portfolio Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Advisor Class of the Portfolio.
You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to
financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
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Shareholder Fees |
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(Fees Paid Directly from
Your Investment) |
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|
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (As a Percentage of Offering
Price) |
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None |
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Redemption
Fee (As a Percentage of Amount Redeemed within 90 days or Less from the
Date of Purchase) |
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None |
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Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
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(Expenses that You Pay
Each Year as a Percentage of the Value of Your
Investment) |
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Management
Fees |
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0.74% |
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Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) Fees |
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None |
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Other
Expenses |
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0.32% |
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Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses1 |
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1.06% |
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1The Total Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratios of expenses to
average net assets provided in the “Financial Highlights” section of this
Prospectus, which reflect the operating expenses of the Portfolio and do not
include Acquired Fund Fees and
Expenses.
Example:
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Advisor
Class of the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Advisor Class of the Portfolio
for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of
those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return
each year and that the Advisor Class’s operating expenses remain the same. The
example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio. Although your
actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
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1 Year |
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3 Years |
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5 Years |
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10 Years |
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$ |
108 |
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$ |
337 |
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$ |
585 |
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$ |
1,294 |
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Portfolio Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual portfolio operating expenses or in the example, affect
the
Portfolio’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio
turnover rate was 37% of the average value
of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests in companies based in the United States and other developed
markets, as well as in emerging and frontier markets. Harding Loevner LP
(“Harding Loevner”), the Portfolio’s investment adviser, undertakes fundamental
research in an effort to identify companies that are well managed, financially
sound, fast growing, and strongly competitive, and whose shares are reasonably
priced relative to estimates of their value. To reduce its volatility, the
Portfolio is diversified across dimensions of geography, industry, currency, and
market capitalization. The Portfolio normally holds investments across at least
15 countries.
The
Portfolio will normally invest broadly in equity securities of companies
domiciled in the following countries and regions: (1) Europe; (2) the
Pacific Rim; (3) the United States, Canada, and Mexico; and
(4) countries with emerging or frontier markets. At least 65% of the
Portfolio’s total assets will be denominated in at least three currencies, which
may include the U.S. dollar. For purposes of compliance with this restriction,
American Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, and European
Depositary Receipts (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”), will be considered to
be denominated in the currency of the country where the securities underlying
the Depositary Receipts are principally traded.
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets
(plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks, preferred
stocks, rights, and warrants issued by companies that are based both inside and
outside the United States, securities convertible into such securities
(including Depositary Receipts), and investment companies that invest in the
types of securities in which the Portfolio would normally invest.
Because
some emerging market countries may present difficulties for efficient foreign
investment, the Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain exposure
to those countries.
Principal Risks
The
Portfolio is subject to numerous risks, any of which could cause an investor to
lose money. The principal risks of the Portfolio are as
follows:
Market
Risk. The value of investments in the
Portfolio may fluctuate suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of various market
and economic factors, including those affecting individual companies, issuers or
particular industries.
Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because the Portfolio’s net asset
value is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a
foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if
the foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise.
Foreign Investment
Risk. Securities issued by foreign
entities involve risks not associated with U.S. investments. These risks include
additional taxation, political, economic, social or diplomatic instability, and
the above-mentioned possibility of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
There may also be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets.
Emerging and Frontier
Market Risk. Emerging and frontier
market securities involve certain risks, such as exposure to economies less
diverse and mature than that of the United States or more established foreign
markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in
emerging or frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in
more developed foreign countries. The smaller size and lower levels of liquidity
in emerging markets, as well as other factors, contribute to greater volatility.
Because of this volatility, this Portfolio is better suited for long-term
investors.
NAV Risk.
The net asset value of the Portfolio and
the value of your investment will fluctuate.
Portfolio Performance
The following
bar chart shows how the investment results of the Portfolio’s Advisor Class
shares have varied from year to year. The table that follows shows how the
average annual total returns of the Portfolio’s Advisor Class shares
compare with a broad measure of market performance. Together,
these provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio.
How the Advisor Class shares of
the Portfolio have performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not
necessarily an indication of how they will perform in the
future.
Updated
Portfolio performance information is available at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com
or by calling (877) 435-8105.
Global Equity Portfolio – Advisor Class
The
best calendar quarter
return during the period shown above was 25.65% in the second quarter of 2020;
the worst was
-20.52% in the second quarter of
2022.
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Average Annual Total Returns
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(for the Periods Ended
December 31, 2022) |
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1-Year |
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5-Year |
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10-Year |
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Global Equity Portfolio –
Advisor Class |
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Return
Before Taxes |
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-30.20% |
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3.60% |
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7.85% |
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Return
After Taxes on Distributions1 |
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-30.20% |
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2.02% |
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6.48% |
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Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares1 |
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-17.88% |
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2.90% |
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6.34% |
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MSCI
All Country World (Net) Index (Reflects No Deduction for Fees, Expenses,
or U.S. Taxes) |
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-18.37% |
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5.23% |
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7.98% |
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1 After-tax returns in the table
above are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local
taxes. The return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Portfolio shares may exceed the Portfolio’s other
returns due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Portfolio
shares at the end of the measurement period. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Portfolio
shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual
Retirement Accounts.
Management
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
Portfolio Managers
Peter
Baughan, Scott Crawshaw, Jingyi Li, Christopher Mack, Richard Schmidt, and Moon
Surana serve as the portfolio managers of the Global Equity Portfolio.
Mr. Baughan has held his position since February 2003, Mr. Crawshaw
has held his position since January 2018, Mr. Li has held his position
since February 2019, Mr. Mack has held his position since June 2014,
Mr. Schmidt has held his position since February 2015, and Ms. Surana
has held her position since January 2022. Messrs. Baughan and Li are the co-lead
portfolio managers.
Purchase and Sale of
Portfolio Shares
The
minimum initial investment in the Advisor Class of the Portfolio is $5,000.
Additional purchases may be for any amount. You may purchase, redeem (sell) or
exchange shares of the Portfolio on any business day through certain authorized
brokers and other financial intermediaries or directly from the Portfolio by
mail, telephone, or wire.
Tax Considerations
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income,
capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a
tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement
account. Upon withdrawal, your investment through a tax-deferred arrangement may
become taxable.
Payments to
Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase Portfolio shares through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
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International Equity
Portfolio
Portfolio Summary
| February 28, 2023 | Investor Class HLMNX |
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|
Investment Objective
The
International Equity Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) seeks long-term capital
appreciation through investments in equity securities of companies based outside
the United States.
Portfolio Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Investor Class of the Portfolio.
You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to
financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
|
|
|
| |
Shareholder Fees |
|
|
| |
(Fees Paid Directly from
Your Investment) |
|
|
|
|
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (As a Percentage of Offering
Price) |
|
|
None |
|
Redemption
Fee (As a Percentage of Amount Redeemed within 90 days or Less from the
Date of Purchase) |
|
|
None |
|
| |
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
|
|
|
| |
(Expenses that You Pay
Each Year as a Percentage of the Value of Your
Investment) |
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees |
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|
0.67% |
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Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) Fees |
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0.25% |
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Other
Expenses |
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0.19% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses1 |
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1.11% |
|
1The Total Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratios of expenses to
average net assets provided in the “Financial Highlights” section of this
Prospectus, which reflect the operating expenses of the Portfolio and do not
include Acquired Fund Fees and
Expenses.
Example:
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Investor
Class of the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Investor Class of the Portfolio
for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of
those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return
each year and that the Investor Class’s operating expenses remain the same.
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions
your costs would be:
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| |
1 Year |
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|
3 Years |
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5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
$ |
113 |
|
|
$ |
353 |
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|
$ |
612 |
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|
$ |
1,352 |
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Portfolio Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual portfolio operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio
turnover rate was 16% of the average value
of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests primarily in companies based in developed markets outside the
United States as well as in companies in emerging and frontier markets. Harding
Loevner LP (“Harding Loevner”), the Portfolio’s investment adviser, undertakes
fundamental research in an effort to identify companies that are well managed,
financially sound, fast growing, and strongly competitive, and whose shares are
reasonably priced relative to estimates of their value. To reduce its
volatility, the Portfolio is diversified across dimensions of geography,
industry, currency, and market capitalization. The Portfolio normally holds
investments across at least 15 countries.
Factors
bearing on whether a company is considered to be “based” outside the United
States may include: (1) it is legally domiciled outside the United States;
(2) it conducts at least 50% of its business, as measured by the location
of its sales, earnings, assets, or production, outside the United States; or
(3) it has the principal exchange listing for its securities outside the
United States.
The
Portfolio will normally invest broadly in equity securities of companies
domiciled in the following countries and regions: (1) Europe; (2) the
Pacific Rim; (3) Canada and Mexico; and (4) countries with emerging or
frontier markets. At least 65% of the Portfolio’s total assets will be
denominated in at least three currencies other than the U.S. dollar. For
purposes of compliance with this restriction, American Depositary Receipts,
Global Depositary Receipts, and European Depositary Receipts (collectively,
“Depositary Receipts”), will be considered to be denominated in the currency of
the country where the securities underlying the Depositary Receipts are
principally traded.
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets
(plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks, preferred
stocks, rights, and warrants issued by companies that are based outside the
United States, securities convertible into such securities (including Depositary
Receipts), and investment companies that invest in the types of securities in
which the Portfolio would normally invest. The Portfolio also may invest in
securities of U.S. companies that derive, or are expected to derive, a
significant portion of their revenues from their foreign operations, although
under normal circumstances not more than 15% of the Portfolio’s total assets
will be invested in securities of U.S. companies.
Because
some emerging market may present difficulties for efficient foreign investment,
the Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain exposure to those
countries.
Principal Risks
The
Portfolio is subject to numerous risks, any of which could cause an investor to
lose money. The principal risks of the Portfolio are as
follows:
Market
Risk. The value of investments in the
Portfolio may fluctuate suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of various market
and economic factors, including those affecting individual companies, issuers or
particular industries.
Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because the Portfolio’s net asset
value is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a
foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if
the foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise.
Foreign Investment
Risk. Securities issued by foreign
entities involve risks not associated with U.S. investments. These risks include
additional taxation, political, economic, social or diplomatic instability, and
the above-mentioned possibility of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
There may also be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets.
Emerging and Frontier
Market Risk. Emerging and frontier
market securities involve certain risks, such as exposure to economies less
diverse and mature than that of the United States or more established foreign
markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in
emerging or frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in
more developed foreign countries. The smaller size and lower levels of liquidity
in emerging markets, as well as other factors, contribute to greater volatility.
Because of this volatility, this Portfolio is better suited for long-term
investors.
NAV Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio and the value
of your investment will fluctuate.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”) as well as other forms of depositary receipts, including European
Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are
certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These
certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are
held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the
issuer’s home country. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs are alternatives to directly
purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets. However,
ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are subject to many of the risks associated with investing
directly in foreign securities, including foreign exchange risk and the
political, economic, and social risks of the underlying issuer’s country.
Portfolio Performance
The following
bar chart shows how the investment results of the Portfolio’s Investor Class
shares have varied from year to year. The table that follows shows how the
average annual total returns of the Portfolio’s Investor Class shares
compare with a broad measure of market performance. Together,
these provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio.
How the Investor Class shares of
the Portfolio have performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not
necessarily an indication of how they will perform in the
future.
Updated
Portfolio performance information is available at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com
or by calling (877) 435-8105.
International Equity Portfolio – Investor Class
The
best calendar quarter
return during the period shown above was 18.20% in the second quarter of 2020;
the worst was
-19.41% in the first quarter of
2020.
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Average Annual Total Returns
|
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(for the Periods Ended
December 31, 2022) |
|
|
|
1-Year |
|
|
5-Year |
|
|
10-Year |
|
International Equity
Portfolio – Investor Class |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
-20.47% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
5.08% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions1 |
|
|
-20.81% |
|
|
|
1.76% |
|
|
|
4.90% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares1 |
|
|
-11.81% |
|
|
|
1.64% |
|
|
|
4.13% |
|
MSCI
All Country World ex US (Net) Index (Reflects No Deduction for Fees,
Expenses, or U.S. Taxes) |
|
|
-16.00% |
|
|
|
0.88% |
|
|
|
3.80% |
|
1After-tax returns in the table
above are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local
taxes. The return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Portfolio shares may exceed the Portfolio’s other
returns due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Portfolio
shares at the end of the measurement period. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Portfolio
shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual
Retirement Accounts.
Management
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
Portfolio Managers
Ferrill
Roll, Andrew West, Bryan Lloyd, Patrick Todd, Babatunde Ojo, and Maria Lernerman
serve as the portfolio managers of the International Equity Portfolio.
Mr. Roll has held his position since October 2004, Mr. West has held
his position since June 2014, Mr. Lloyd has held his position since June
2014, Mr. Todd has held his position since January 2017, Mr. Ojo has
held his position since January 2021 and Ms. Lernerman has held her
position since December 2022. Messrs. Roll and West are the co-lead
portfolio managers.
Purchase and Sale of
Portfolio Shares
The
minimum initial investment in the Investor Class of the Portfolio is $5,000.
Additional purchases may be for any amount. You may purchase, redeem (sell) or
exchange shares of the Portfolio on any business day through certain authorized
brokers and other financial intermediaries or directly from the Portfolio by
mail, telephone, or wire.
Tax Considerations
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income,
capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a
tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement
account. Upon withdrawal,
your
investment through a tax-deferred arrangement may become taxable.
Payments to
Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase Portfolio shares through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
|
| |
International Small Companies
Portfolio
Portfolio Summary
| February 28, 2023 | Investor Class HLMSX |
|
|
Investment Objective
The
International Small Companies Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) seeks long-term
capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of small companies
based outside the United States.
Portfolio Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Investor Class of the Portfolio.
You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to
financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
|
|
|
| |
Shareholder Fees |
|
|
| |
(Fees Paid Directly from
Your Investment) |
|
|
|
|
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (As a Percentage of Offering
Price) |
|
|
None |
|
Redemption
Fee (As a Percentage of Amount Redeemed within 90 days or Less from the
Date of Purchase) |
|
|
None |
|
| |
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
|
|
|
| |
(Expenses that You Pay
Each Year as a Percentage of the Value of Your
Investment) |
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees |
|
|
0.95% |
|
Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) Fees |
|
|
0.25% |
|
Other
Expenses |
|
|
0.25% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses1 |
|
|
1.45% |
|
Fee
Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement2 |
|
|
-0.15% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement2 |
|
|
1.30% |
|
1The Total Annual
Portfolio Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratios of expenses to
average net assets provided in the “Financial Highlights” section of this
Prospectus, which reflect the operating expenses of the Portfolio and do not
include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
2 Harding Loevner LP has contractually agreed to
waive a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse the Investor Class of the
Portfolio for its other operating expenses to the extent Total Annual Portfolio
Operating Expenses (excluding dividend expenses, borrowing costs, interest
expense relating to short sales, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions and
extraordinary expenses), as a percentage of average daily net assets, exceed
1.30% through February 28,
2024. This fee waiver and expense reimbursement agreement may be
terminated by the Board at any time and will automatically terminate upon the
termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement. The Fee Waiver and/or Expense
Reimbursement and Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver
and/or Expense Reimbursement have been restated to reflect the current expense
limitation arrangement. Therefore, the expenses in this table will not correlate
to the expenses shown in the Financial Highlights of the
Portfolio.
Example:
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Investor
Class of the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Investor Class of the Portfolio
for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of
those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return
each year and that the Investor Class’s operating expenses remain the same,
except that the example assumes the fee waiver and expense reimbursement
agreement pertains only through February 28, 2024. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
1 Year |
|
|
3 Years |
|
|
5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
$ |
132 |
|
|
$ |
444 |
|
|
$ |
778 |
|
|
$ |
1,722 |
|
Portfolio Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual portfolio operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio
turnover rate was 24% of the average value
of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests primarily in small companies based outside the United States,
including companies in emerging and frontier as well as in developed markets.
Harding Loevner LP (“Harding Loevner”), the Portfolio’s investment adviser,
undertakes fundamental research in an effort to identify companies that are well
managed, financially sound, fast growing, and strongly competitive, and whose
shares are reasonably priced relative to estimates of their
value.
Companies
considered to be small are those having a market capitalization, at time of
purchase, within the range of the market capitalization of companies in the
Portfolio’s benchmark index, currently the MSCI All Country World ex US Small
Cap Index (the “Index”). As of December 31, 2022, the range of market
capitalization of companies in the Index was US$125.7 million to
US$8.5 billion. To reduce its volatility, the Portfolio is diversified
across dimensions of geography, industry, and currency. The Portfolio normally
holds investments across at least 15
countries.
Factors
bearing on whether a company is considered to be “based” outside the United
States may include: (1) it is legally domiciled outside the United States;
(2) it conducts at least 50% of its business, as measured by the location
of its sales, earnings, assets, or production, outside the United States; or
(3) it has the principal exchange listing for its securities outside the
United States.
The
Portfolio will normally invest broadly in equity securities of small companies
domiciled in the following countries and regions: (1) Europe; (2) the
Pacific Rim; (3) Canada and Mexico; and (4) countries with emerging or
frontier markets. At least 65% of the Portfolio’s total assets will be
denominated in at least three currencies other than the U.S. dollar. For
purposes of compliance with this restriction, American Depositary Receipts,
Global Depositary Receipts, and European Depositary Receipts (collectively,
“Depositary Receipts”) will be considered to be denominated in the currency of
the country where the securities underlying the Depositary Receipts are
principally traded.
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets
(plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks, preferred
stocks, rights, and warrants issued by small companies that are based outside
the United States, securities convertible into such securities (including
Depositary Receipts), and investment companies that invest in the types
of
securities
in which the Portfolio would normally invest. If the Portfolio continues to hold
securities of small companies whose market capitalization, subsequent to
purchase, grows to exceed the upper range of the market capitalization of the
Index, it may continue to treat them as small for the purposes of the 80%
requirement. The Portfolio also may invest in securities of small U.S. companies
that derive, or are expected to derive, a significant portion of their revenues
from their foreign operations, although under normal circumstances not more than
15% of the Portfolio’s total assets will be invested in securities of U.S.
companies.
Because
some emerging market countries may present difficulties for efficient foreign
investment, the Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain exposure
to those countries.
Principal Risks
The
Portfolio is subject to numerous risks, any of which could cause an investor to
lose money. The principal risks of the Portfolio are as
follows:
Market
Risk. The value of investments in the
Portfolio may fluctuate suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of various market
and economic factors, including those affecting individual companies, issuers or
particular industries.
Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because the Portfolio’s net asset
value is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a
foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if
the foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise.
Foreign Investment
Risk. Securities issued by foreign
entities involve risks not associated with U.S. investments. These risks include
additional taxation, political, economic, social or diplomatic instability, and
the above-mentioned possibility of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
There may also be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets.
Emerging and Frontier
Market Risk. Emerging and frontier
market securities involve certain risks, such as exposure to economies less
diverse and mature than that of the United States or more established foreign
markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in
emerging or frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in
more developed foreign countries. The smaller size and lower levels of liquidity
in emerging markets, as well as other factors, contribute to greater volatility.
Because of this volatility, this Portfolio is better suited for long-term
investors.
Small Company
Risk. The securities of small companies
have historically exhibited more volatility with a lower degree of liquidity
than larger companies.
NAV Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio and the value
of your investment will fluctuate.
Portfolio Performance
The
following bar chart shows how the investment results of the Portfolio’s Investor
Class shares have varied from year to
year.
The table that follows shows how
the average annual total returns of the Portfolio’s Investor Class shares
compare with a broad measure of market performance. Together,
these provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio.
How the Investor Class shares of
the Portfolio have performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not
necessarily an indication of how they will perform in the
future.
Updated
Portfolio performance information is available at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com
or by calling (877) 435-8105.
International Small Companies Portfolio – Investor Class
The
best calendar quarter
return during the period shown above was 24.17% in the second quarter of 2020;
the worst was
-26.28% in the first quarter of
2020.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Average Annual Total Returns
|
|
(for the Periods Ended
December 31, 2022) |
|
|
|
1-Year |
|
|
5-Year |
|
|
10-Year |
|
International Small Companies
Portfolio – Investor Class |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
-24.52% |
|
|
|
1.49% |
|
|
|
6.03% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions1 |
|
|
-24.78% |
|
|
|
0.99% |
|
|
|
5.43% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares1 |
|
|
-14.23% |
|
|
|
1.20% |
|
|
|
4.83% |
|
MSCI
All Country World ex US Small Cap (Net) Index (Reflects No Deduction for
Fees, Expenses, or U.S. Taxes) |
|
|
-19.97% |
|
|
|
0.67% |
|
|
|
5.24% |
|
1After-tax returns in the table
above are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local
taxes. The return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Portfolio shares may exceed the Portfolio’s other
returns due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Portfolio
shares at the end of the measurement period. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Portfolio
shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual
Retirement Accounts.
Management
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
Portfolio Managers
Jafar
Rizvi and Anix Vyas serve as the portfolio managers of the International Small
Companies Portfolio. Mr. Rizvi has held his position since June 2011 and
Mr. Vyas has held his position since April 2018. Messrs. Rizvi and Vyas are
co-lead portfolio managers.
Purchase and Sale of
Portfolio Shares
The
minimum initial investment in the Investor Class of the Portfolio is $5,000.
Additional purchases may be for any amount. You may purchase, redeem (sell) or
exchange shares of the Portfolio on any business day through certain authorized
brokers and other financial intermediaries or directly from the Portfolio by
mail, telephone, or wire.
Tax Considerations
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income,
capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a
tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement
account. Upon withdrawal, your investment through a tax-deferred arrangement may
become taxable.
Payments to
Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase Portfolio shares through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
|
| |
Emerging Markets
Portfolio
Portfolio Summary
| February 28, 2023 | Advisor Class HLEMX |
|
|
Investment Objective
The
Emerging Markets Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) seeks long-term capital
appreciation through investments in equity securities of companies based in
emerging markets.
Portfolio Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Advisor Class of the Portfolio.
You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to
financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
|
|
|
| |
Shareholder Fees |
|
|
| |
(Fees Paid Directly from
Your Investment) |
|
|
|
|
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (As a Percentage of Offering
Price) |
|
|
None |
|
Redemption
Fee (As a Percentage of Amount Redeemed within 90 days or Less from the
Date of Purchase) |
|
|
None |
|
| |
Annual Portfolio Operating
Expenses |
|
|
| |
(Expenses that You Pay
Each Year as a Percentage of the Value of Your
Investment) |
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees |
|
|
0.98% |
|
Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) Fees |
|
|
None |
|
Other
Expenses |
|
|
0.21% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating
Expenses |
|
|
1.19% |
|
Example:
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Advisor
Class of the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Advisor Class of the Portfolio
for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of
those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return
each year and that the Advisor Class’s operating expenses remain the same. The
example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on
your purchases and sales of Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio. Although your
actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
1 Year |
|
|
3 Years |
|
|
5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
$ |
121 |
|
|
$ |
378 |
|
|
$ |
654 |
|
|
$ |
1,443 |
|
Portfolio Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual portfolio operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio
turnover rate was 33% of the average value of its
portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests primarily in companies that are based in emerging and frontier
markets. Emerging and frontier markets offer investment opportunities that arise
from long-term trends in demographics, deregulation, offshore outsourcing, and
improving corporate governance in developing countries. Harding Loevner LP
(“Harding Loevner”), the Portfolio’s investment adviser, undertakes fundamental
research in an effort to identify companies that are well managed, financially
sound, fast growing, and strongly competitive, and whose shares are reasonably
priced relative to estimates of their value. To reduce its volatility, the
Portfolio is diversified across dimensions of geography, industry, and currency.
The Portfolio normally holds investments across at least 15 countries. Emerging
and frontier markets include countries that have an emerging stock market as
defined by Morgan Stanley Capital International, countries or markets with low-
to middle-income economies as classified by the World Bank, and other countries
or markets with similar characteristics. Emerging and frontier markets tend to
have relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the world’s
major economies and may have the potential for rapid economic growth.
Factors
bearing on whether a company is considered to be “based” in an emerging or
frontier market may include: (1) it is legally domiciled in an emerging or
frontier market; (2) it conducts at least 50% of its business, as measured
by the location of its sales, earnings, assets, or production, in an emerging or
frontier market; or (3) it has the principal exchange listing for its
securities in an emerging or frontier market.
At
least 65% of the Portfolio’s total assets will be denominated in at least three
currencies other than the U.S. dollar. For purposes of compliance with this
restriction, American Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts, and
European Depositary Receipts (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”), will be
considered to be denominated in the currency of the country where the securities
underlying the Depositary Receipts are principally
traded.
The
Portfolio invests at least 65% of its total assets in common stocks, preferred
stocks, rights, and warrants issued by companies that are based in emerging or
frontier markets, securities convertible into such securities (including
Depositary Receipts), and investment companies that invest in the types of
securities in which the Portfolio would normally invest. The Portfolio also may
invest in securities of U.S. companies that derive, or are expected to derive, a
significant portion of their revenues from their foreign operations, although
under normal circumstances, not more than 15% of the Portfolio’s total assets
will be invested in securities of U.S.
companies.
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets
(plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in emerging markets securities,
which includes frontier markets securities, and investment companies that invest
in the types of securities in which the Portfolio would normally
invest.
Because
some emerging market countries may present difficulties for efficient foreign
investment, the Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain exposure
to those countries.
Principal Risks
The Portfolio is subject to numerous risks, any of which
could cause an investor to lose money. The principal risks of
the Portfolio are as follows:
Market
Risk. The value of investments in the
Portfolio may fluctuate suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of various market
and economic factors, including those affecting individual companies, issuers or
particular industries.
Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because the Portfolio’s net asset
value is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a
foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if
the foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise.
Foreign Investment
Risk. Securities issued by foreign
entities involve risks not associated with U.S. investments. These risks include
additional taxation, political, economic, social or diplomatic instability, and
the above-mentioned possibility of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
There may also be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets.
Emerging and Frontier
Market Risk. The Portfolio may invest in
the securities of companies in emerging and frontier markets (including China,
which generally comprises a significant percentage of emerging markets
benchmarks). Emerging and frontier market securities involve certain risks, such
as exposure to economies less diverse and mature than that of the United States
or more established foreign markets. In addition, companies in emerging and
frontier markets may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. or developed market
countries. Such companies may also be located in countries where the universe of
eligible investments is impacted by U.S. sanctions laws. Economic or political
instability may cause larger price changes in emerging or frontier market
securities than in securities of issuers based in more developed foreign
countries. The smaller size and lower levels of liquidity in emerging markets,
as well as other social, economic, regulatory and political factors, contribute
to greater volatility. Because of this volatility, this Portfolio is better
suited for long-term investors.
NAV Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio and the value
of your investment will fluctuate.
Risks Associated with
China and Hong Kong. Investing in
Chinese companies will subject the Portfolio more generally to the risks of
associating with investing in China and Hong Kong. The Chinese government
exercises significant control over China’s economy through its industrial
policies (e.g., allocation of resources
and other preferential treatment), monetary policy, management of currency
exchange rates, and management of the payment of foreign currency- denominated
obligations. Changes in these policies could adversely impact affected
industries or Chinese companies. China’s economy, particularly its
export-oriented industries, may be adversely impacted by trade or political
disputes with China’s major trading partners, including the United States.
Accounting, auditing, financial, and other reporting standards, practices and
disclosure requirements in China are
different,
sometimes in fundamental ways, from those in the United States and certain
Western European countries. Although the Chinese government adopted a new set of
Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises effective January 1, 2007,
which are similar to the International Financial Reporting Standards, the
accounting practices in China continue to be frequently criticized and
challenged. In addition, China does not allow the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board to inspect the work that auditors perform in China for Chinese
companies in which the Portfolio may invest. That inspection organization
conducts on-going reviews of audits by U.S. accounting firms. As a result,
financial reporting by companies domiciled in China does not have as much
regulatory oversight as reporting by companies in the United States. The
Portfolio may also be limited in its ability to invest in certain securities by
executive orders and other regulatory actions that target publicly-traded
securities of
Chinese companies.
As
part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997,
China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy with
regard to its political, legal and economic systems for a period of at least 50
years. If China were to further exert its authority so as to alter the economic,
political or legal structures or the existing social policy of Hong Kong,
investor and business confidence in Hong Kong could be negatively affected,
which in turn could negatively affect markets and business performance and have
an adverse effect on the Portfolio’s investments. The Shanghai and Shenzhen
stock exchanges may close for extended periods for holidays or otherwise, which
impacts the Portfolio’s ability to trade in A‑Shares during those periods. In
addition, the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock
Connect programs, which are used by foreign investors to access China A‑Shares,
are relatively new structures that are subject to certain legal and structural
risks.
Risk Relating to
Investing in Taiwan. Investments in
Taiwanese issuers involve risks that are specific to Taiwan, including legal,
regulatory, political, currency and economic risks. Political and economic
developments of Taiwan’s neighbors may have an adverse effect on Taiwan’s
economy. Specifically, Taiwan’s geographic proximity and history of political
contention with China have resulted in ongoing tensions, including the risk of
war, which may materially affect the Taiwanese economy and its
securities market.
Financials Sector
Risk. To the extent the Portfolio
invests in securities and other obligations of issuers in the financials sector,
the Portfolio will be vulnerable to events affecting companies in the financials
industry. Examples of risks affecting the financials sector include changes in
governmental regulation, issues relating to the availability and cost of
capital, changes in interest rates and/or monetary policy, and price
competition. In addition, financials companies are often more highly leveraged
than other companies, making them inherently riskier. As of October 31,
2022, the Portfolio had 25.4% of net assets invested in the financials sector.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”) as well as other forms of depositary receipts, including European
Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are
certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These
certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States
or
elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or
similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs
are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in
their national markets. However, ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are subject to many of the
risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including
foreign exchange risk and the political, economic, and social risks of the
underlying issuer’s country.
Portfolio Performance
The following
bar chart shows how the investment results of the Portfolio’s Advisor Class
shares have varied from year to year. The table that follows shows how the
average total returns of the Portfolio’s Advisor Class shares compare with a
broad measure of market performance. Together, these provide an
indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio. How the Advisor Class shares of
the Portfolio have performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not
necessarily an indication of how they will perform in
the future.
Updated
Portfolio performance information is available at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com
or by calling (877) 435-8105.
Emerging Markets Portfolio – Advisor Class
The
best calendar quarter
return during the period shown above was 22.65% in the fourth quarter of 2020;
the worst was
-27.91% in the first quarter of
2020.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Average Annual Total Returns
|
|
(for the Periods Ended
December 31, 2022) |
|
|
|
1-Year |
|
|
5-Year |
|
|
10-Year |
|
Emerging Markets
Portfolio – Advisor Class |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
-27.68% |
|
|
|
-4.12% |
|
|
|
0.95% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions1 |
|
|
-28.74% |
|
|
|
-4.78% |
|
|
|
0.41% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares1 |
|
|
-15.07% |
|
|
|
-2.77% |
|
|
|
0.94% |
|
MSCI
Emerging Markets (Net) Index (Reflects No Deduction for Fees, Expenses, or
U.S. Taxes) |
|
|
-20.09% |
|
|
|
-1.40% |
|
|
|
1.44% |
|
1After-tax returns in the table
above are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local
taxes. The return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Portfolio shares may exceed the Portfolio’s other
returns due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Portfolio
shares at the end of the measurement period. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Portfolio
shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual
Retirement Accounts.
Management
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
Portfolio Managers
Scott
Crawshaw, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Richard Schmidt and Lee Gao serve as the
portfolio managers of the Emerging Markets Portfolio. Mr. Crawshaw has held
his position since June 2014, Mr. Chakrabortty has held his position since
January 2015, Mr. Schmidt has held his position since December 2011 and
Mr. Gao has held his position since January 2023. Messrs. Chakrabortty and
Crawshaw are the co-lead portfolio managers.
Purchase and Sale of
Portfolio Shares
The
minimum initial investment in the Advisor Class of the Portfolio is $5,000.
Additional purchases may be for any amount. You may purchase, redeem (sell) or
exchange shares of the Portfolio on any business day through certain authorized
brokers and other financial intermediaries or directly from the Portfolio by
mail, telephone, or wire.
Tax Considerations
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income,
capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a
tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement
account. Upon withdrawal, your investment through a tax-deferred arrangement may
become taxable.
Payments to
Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase Portfolio shares through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
|
| |
Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio
Portfolio Summary
| February 28, 2023 | Investor Class HLMOX |
|
|
Investment Objective
The
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) seeks long-term capital
appreciation through investments in equity securities of companies based in
frontier and smaller emerging markets.
Portfolio Fees and
Expenses
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell
shares of the Investor Class of the Portfolio.
You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to
financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples
below.
|
|
|
| |
Shareholder Fees |
|
|
| |
(Fees Paid Directly from
Your Investment) |
|
|
|
|
Maximum
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (As a Percentage of Offering
Price) |
|
|
None |
|
Redemption
Fee (As a Percentage of Amount Redeemed within 90 days or Less from the
Date of Purchase) |
|
|
None |
|
| |
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
|
|
|
| |
(Expenses that You Pay
Each Year as a Percentage of the Value of Your Investment)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees |
|
|
1.35% |
|
Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) Fees |
|
|
0.25% |
|
Other
Expenses |
|
|
0.55% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating
Expenses |
|
|
2.15% |
|
Fee
Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement1 |
|
|
-0.15% |
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement1 |
|
|
2.00% |
|
1Harding Loevner LP has contractually agreed to waive a portion
of its management fee and/or reimburse the Investor Class of the Portfolio for
its other operating expenses to the extent Total Annual Portfolio Operating
Expenses (excluding dividend expenses, borrowing costs, interest expense
relating to short sales, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions and
extraordinary expenses), as a percentage of average daily net assets, exceed
2.00% through February 28,
2024. This fee waiver and expense reimbursement agreement may be
terminated by the Board at any time and will automatically terminate upon the
termination of the Investment
Advisory Agreement.
Example:
This
example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Investor
Class of the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Investor Class of the Portfolio
for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of
those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return
each year and that the Investor Class’s operating expenses remain the same,
except that the example assumes the fee waiver and expense reimbursement
agreement pertains only through February 28, 2024. Although your actual
costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
1 Year |
|
|
3 Years |
|
|
5 Years |
|
|
10 Years |
|
$ |
203 |
|
|
$ |
659 |
|
|
$ |
1,141 |
|
|
$ |
2,471 |
|
Portfolio Turnover
The
Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells
securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may
indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in
annual portfolio operating expenses or in the example, affect the Portfolio’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio
turnover rate was 18% of the average value
of its portfolio.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Portfolio invests primarily in companies that are based in frontier emerging
markets, including the smaller traditionally-recognized emerging markets.
Frontier emerging markets, with the exception of the oil-producing Gulf States
and certain of the smaller traditionally-recognized emerging markets, tend to
have relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the larger
traditionally-recognized emerging markets and the world’s major developed
economies. The frontier emerging markets include the least developed markets
even by emerging markets standards. Frontier emerging markets offer investment
opportunities that arise from long-term trends in demographics, deregulation,
offshore outsourcing, and improving corporate governance in developing
countries. Harding Loevner LP (“Harding Loevner”), the Portfolio’s investment
adviser, undertakes fundamental research in an effort to identify companies that
are well managed, financially sound, fast growing, and strongly competitive, and
whose shares are reasonably priced relative to estimates of their value. To
reduce its volatility, the Portfolio is diversified across dimensions of
geography, industry, and currency. The Portfolio normally holds investments
across at least 15 countries.
As
used herein, frontier emerging markets include countries that are represented in
the MSCI Frontier Markets Index or the S&P Frontier Markets BMI, or similar
market indices, and the smaller of the traditionally-recognized emerging
markets, such as those individually constituting less than 5% of the MSCI
Emerging Markets Index or the S&P Emerging Markets BMI. Factors bearing on
whether a company is considered to be “based” in a frontier emerging market may
include: (1) it is legally domiciled in a frontier emerging market;
(2) it conducts at least 50% of its business, as measured by the location
of its sales, earnings, assets, or production, in frontier emerging markets; or
(3) it has the principal exchange listing for its securities in a frontier
emerging market. Frontier emerging markets generally include all countries
except Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,
Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the
United States and the larger traditionally-recognized emerging markets of
Taiwan, South Korea, South Africa, Brazil, India and China. At least 65% of the
Portfolio’s total assets will be denominated in at least three currencies other
than the U.S. dollar.
For
purposes of compliance with this restriction, American Depositary Receipts,
Global Depositary Receipts, and European Depositary Receipts (collectively,
“Depositary Receipts”) will be considered to be denominated in the currency of
the country where the securities underlying the Depositary Receipts are
principally traded.
The
Portfolio invests at least 65% of its total assets in common stocks, preferred
stocks, rights, and warrants issued by companies that are based in the frontier
emerging markets, securities convertible into such securities (including
Depositary Receipts), and investment companies that invest in the types of
securities in which the Portfolio would normally invest. The Portfolio also may
invest in securities of U.S. companies that derive, or are expected to derive, a
significant portion of their revenues from their foreign operations, although
under normal circumstances, not more than 15% of the Portfolio’s total assets
will be invested in securities of U.S.
companies.
The
Portfolio invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets
(plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in frontier emerging market
securities, and investment companies that invest in the types of securities in
which the Portfolio would normally
invest.
The
Portfolio may invest up to 35% of its total assets in securities of companies in
any one industry if, at the time of investment, that industry represents 20% or
more of the Portfolio’s benchmark index, currently the MSCI Frontier Emerging
Markets Index.
Because
some frontier emerging market countries may present difficulties for efficient
foreign investment, the Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain
exposure to those countries.
Principal Risks
The
Portfolio is subject to numerous risks, any of which could cause an investor to
lose money. The principal risks of the Portfolio are as
follows:
Market
Risk. The value of investments in the
Portfolio may fluctuate suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of various market
and economic factors, including those affecting individual companies, issuers or
particular industries.
Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because the Portfolio’s net asset
value is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a
foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if
the foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise.
Foreign Investment
Risk. Securities issued by foreign
entities involve risks not associated with U.S. investments. These risks include
additional taxation, political, economic, social or diplomatic instability, and
the above-mentioned possibility of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
There may also be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets.
Frontier Emerging
Market Risk. Frontier emerging market
securities involve certain risks, such as exposure to economies
less
diverse and mature than that of the United States or more established foreign
markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in
frontier emerging market securities than in securities of issuers based in more
developed foreign countries, including securities of issuers based in larger
emerging markets. Frontier emerging markets generally receive less investor
attention than developed markets and larger
emerging markets.
Concentration
Risk. The Portfolio may invest up to 35%
of its total assets in securities of companies in any one industry if, at the
time of investment, that industry represents 20% or more of the Portfolio’s
benchmark index, currently the MSCI Frontier Emerging Markets Index.
Accordingly, at any time the Portfolio has such a concentration of investments
in a single industry group, it will be particularly vulnerable to factors that
adversely affect that industry group.
NAV Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio and the value
of your investment will fluctuate.
Financials Sector
Risk. To the extent the Portfolio
invests in securities and other obligations of issuers in the financials sector,
the Portfolio will be vulnerable to events affecting companies in the financials
industry. Examples of risks affecting the financials sector include changes in
governmental regulation, issues relating to the availability and cost of
capital, changes in interest rates and/or monetary policy, and price
competition. In addition, financials companies are often more highly leveraged
than other companies, making them inherently riskier. As of October 31,
2022, the Portfolio had 38.1% of net assets invested in the financials sector.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”) as well as other forms of depositary receipts, including European
Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are
certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These
certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are
held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the
issuer’s home country. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs are alternatives to directly
purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets. However,
ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are subject to many of the risks associated with investing
directly in foreign securities, including foreign exchange risk and the
political, economic, and social risks of the underlying issuer’s country.
Portfolio Performance
The following
bar chart shows how the investment results of the Portfolio’s Investor Class
shares have varied from year to year. The table that follows shows how the
average annual total returns of the Portfolio’s Investor Class shares
compare with a broad measure of market performance. Together,
these provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio.
How the Investor Class shares of
the Portfolio have performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not
necessarily an indication of how they will perform in the
future.
Updated
Portfolio performance information is available at www.hardingloevnerfunds.com
or by calling (877) 435-8105.
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio – Investor Class
The
best calendar quarter
return during the period shown above was 20.48% in the second quarter of 2020;
the worst was
-32.08% in the first quarter of
2020.
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|
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| |
Average Annual Total Returns
|
|
(for the Periods Ended
December 31, 2022) |
|
|
|
1-Year |
|
|
5-Year |
|
|
10-Year |
|
Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio – Investor Class |
|
Return
Before Taxes |
|
|
-19.27% |
|
|
|
-3.81% |
|
|
|
0.36% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions1 |
|
|
-19.45% |
|
|
|
-3.92% |
|
|
|
0.25% |
|
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares1 |
|
|
-11.03% |
|
|
|
-2.67% |
|
|
|
0.42% |
|
MSCI
Frontier Emerging Markets (Net) Index (Reflects No Deduction for Fees,
Expenses, or U.S. Taxes) |
|
|
-18.18% |
|
|
|
-4.14% |
|
|
|
-0.16% |
|
1After-tax returns in the table
above are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local
taxes. The return after taxes on
distributions and sale of Portfolio shares may exceed the Portfolio’s other
returns due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Portfolio
shares at the end of the measurement period. Actual after-tax returns
depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and
after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Portfolio
shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual
Retirement Accounts.
Management
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
Portfolio Managers
Pradipta
Chakrabortty, Sergey Dubin and Babatunde Ojo serve as the portfolio managers of
the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio. Mr. Chakrabortty has held his
position since December 2008, Mr. Dubin has held his position since January
2022, and Mr. Ojo has held his position since June 2014. Messrs.
Chakrabortty and Ojo are co-lead portfolio managers.
Purchase and Sale of
Portfolio Shares
The
minimum initial investment in the Investor Class of the Portfolio is $5,000.
Additional purchases may be for any amount. You may purchase, redeem (sell) or
exchange shares of the Portfolio on any business day through certain authorized
brokers and other financial intermediaries or directly from the Portfolio by
mail, telephone, or wire.
Tax Considerations
The
Portfolio’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income,
capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a
tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement
account. Upon withdrawal, your investment through a tax-deferred arrangement may
become taxable.
Payments to
Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If
you purchase Portfolio shares through a broker-dealer or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay
the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These
payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or
other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another
investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website
for more information.
Investment Objectives and
Investment Process
Harding,
Loevner Funds, Inc. (the “Fund”) is a no-load, open-end management investment
company that currently has thirteen separate portfolios, including the Global
Equity Portfolio, International Equity Portfolio, International Small Companies
Portfolio, Emerging Markets Portfolio, and Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio,
whose Advisor and Investor Class shares are offered in this Prospectus (each, a
“Portfolio,” and collectively, the “Portfolios”). Each Portfolio has its own
investment objective, strategy, and policies. The Fund is advised by Harding
Loevner. There is no assurance that a Portfolio will achieve its
investment objective.
The
investment objectives, policies, and risks of the Portfolios are detailed below.
Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund’s board of directors (the “Board of
Directors”) may change the investment policies at any time to the extent that
such changes are consistent with the investment objective of the applicable
Portfolio. However, each Portfolio’s investment objective is fundamental and may
not
be
changed without a majority vote of the Portfolio’s outstanding shares, which is
defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as the lesser of
(a) 67% of the shares of the applicable Portfolio present or represented if
the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented at the
shareholders’ meeting, or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the applicable
Portfolio (a “majority vote”).
The
Portfolios may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are
inconsistent with the Portfolios’ principal investment strategies in attempting
to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. For
temporary defensive purposes, the Portfolios may temporarily hold cash (foreign
currencies or multinational currency) and/or invest up to 100% of their assets
in high quality debt securities or money market instruments of U.S. or foreign
issuers. The Portfolios may miss certain investment opportunities if they use
such temporary defensive strategies and thus may not achieve their
investment objectives.
Investment Objectives
The
investment objective of each Portfolio is:
|
| |
Portfolio |
|
Objective |
Global
Equity |
|
Seeks
long-term capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of
companies based both inside and outside the United States |
International
Equity |
|
Seeks
long-term capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of
companies based outside the United States |
International
Small Companies |
|
Seeks
long-term capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of
small companies based outside the United States |
Emerging
Markets |
|
Seeks
long-term capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of
companies based in emerging markets |
Frontier
Emerging Markets |
|
Seeks
long-term capital appreciation through investments in equity securities of
companies based in frontier and smaller emerging
markets |
Investment Process
Harding
Loevner believes investing in the shares of high-quality growing businesses at
reasonable prices leads to superior risk-adjusted returns over the long-term.
The firm manages the Portfolios utilizing a bottom-up, business-focused approach
based on careful study of individual companies and the competitive dynamics of
the global industries in which they participate. The process Harding Loevner
uses to identify and value companies consists of four parts: (1) Initial Qualification of companies for
further research; (2) In-Depth
Research into the businesses of qualified candidates; (3) Valuation and Rating of securities of
potential investments; and (4) Portfolio
Construction by selecting from analyst-rated securities to create
diversified and non-diversified portfolios from the most-promising
opportunities.
Harding
Loevner seeks to invest in companies meeting its key investment criteria:
(i) competitive advantage; (ii) sustainable growth;
(iii) financial strength; and (iv) quality management. In the Initial
Qualification stage, analysts draw upon their research experience and examine
fundamental data to identify high quality, growing companies that appear
qualified for further in-depth investigation. Sources for investment ideas
include, but are not limited to management interviews, investor conferences and
trade shows. The qualitative factors analysts consider when evaluating a new
company include the global competitive structure of its industry, the apparent
sustainability of the company’s competitive
advantages,
and the quality of its management. Analysts augment their qualitative research
with quantitative analysis of a number of quality-growth metrics. Companies that
appear qualified on these key criteria are then examined more intensively.
Research activities include analyzing annual reports and other company
disclosures, reviewing specialized industry journals, participating in industry
and investment conferences, and conducting interviews with company management
(both of the target and other industry participants). Using a proprietary
scoring system known as the Quality Assessment (“QA”) framework, investment
analysts assess qualified companies on ten quality and growth characteristics,
including environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risks and opportunities.
This framework aids analysts in gaining insight into companies’ competitive
positions and the extent and durability of their growth prospects, and
facilitates comparing businesses across different countries and
industries.
To
evaluate the investment potential of the strongest candidates, analysts use a
multi-stage cash-flow return on investment approach to construct financial
models incorporating their forecasts for long-term growth in earnings and cash
flows. The financial models include adjustments based upon the QA score.
Analysts primarily use a discounted cash flow analysis to estimate the value of
companies’ securities. Based upon their business forecasts and evaluation of
investment potential, analysts predict the relative price performance of stocks
under their coverage, and
issue
purchase and sale recommendations accordingly. When issuing a recommendation on
the stock of a company, analysts also set out expectations for the future
business performance of the company (“mileposts”). These mileposts provide
analysts with an indelible record of their expectations for the business and
form the basis of ongoing review of the company’s progress.
In
constructing portfolios for the Global Equity, International Equity,
International Small Companies, Emerging Markets, and Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolios, Harding Loevner’s portfolio managers select among the analyzed
securities. The portfolio managers take into consideration the securities’
predicted relative price performance, the timeliness and investment potential,
the implications for portfolio risk of their selections, and the requirement to
observe portfolio diversification guidelines, as applicable.
A
holding is reduced or removed from a Portfolio if and when it: (i) grows to
too large a proportion of the portfolio, in terms of its impact on portfolio
risk; (ii) becomes substantially overpriced in relation to its estimated
value; (iii) fails to achieve the pre-established milestones for business
(as opposed to share price) performance, including breach of trust by
management; or (iv) is displaced by more compelling investment
opportunities.
ESG
Integration. Harding Loevner seeks to
achieve the best possible risk-adjusted investment returns in managing the Fund.
Companies that operate with disregard for the environment, for the welfare of
societies in which they conduct their business, or for sound principles of
governance by which the interests of their shareholders are protected put their
financial results at long-term risk. Alternatively, companies may strengthen
their long-term prospects by identifying and mitigating material ESG-related
risks or by taking advantage of new opportunities that may arise from material
ESG-related trends. In evaluating equity securities, Harding Loevner considers
ESG-related risks and opportunities explicitly. For each company under research
coverage, the responsible analyst estimates the extent to which each of numerous
ESG factors represents a risk that could threaten, or an opportunity that could
support, the sustainability of the company’s profitable growth. Having evaluated
these individual factors, analysts assign scores for each company on E, S, and G
pillars overall, which are then aggregated in equal proportion to determine an
overall ESG score for the company. The ESG scorecard is a consistent framework
for assessing and comparing companies’ potential ESG risks and opportunities
across all industries and geographies. A company’s ESG score may affect the
analyst’s long-term forecasts of its growth, profit margins, capital intensity,
or competitive position. A company’s overall ESG score is also a parameter of
Harding Loevner’s equity valuation model, wherein it influences the estimated
duration of future cash flow growth. Portfolio managers consider ESG factors
among other factors affecting risk and expected returns in choosing among
companies approved by analysts.
Additional Information on
Portfolio Investment Strategies and Risks
Other Investment
Strategies
The
Global Equity, International Equity, and International Small Companies
Portfolios may each invest up to 20%, and the Emerging Markets and Frontier
Emerging Markets Portfolios may each invest up to 35%, of their respective total
assets in debt securities of domestic and foreign issuers, including emerging
market and frontier emerging market issuers. The types of debt securities the
Portfolios may invest in include instruments such as corporate bonds,
debentures, notes, commercial paper, short-term notes, medium-term notes, and
variable rate notes. Such securities may be rated below investment grade, that
is, rated below Baa by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below BBB
by S&P Global Ratings Group, a division of S&P Global Inc. (“S&P”)
and in unrated securities judged to be of equivalent quality (commonly referred
to as “junk bonds”) as determined by Harding Loevner. However, a Portfolio may
not invest in securities rated, at the time of investment, C or below by
Moody’s, or D or below by S&P, or in securities of comparable quality as
determined by Harding Loevner.
Risks Associated with the
Portfolios’ Investment Policies and Techniques
The
share price of a Portfolio will change daily based on changes in the value of
the securities that a Portfolio holds. The principal risks of investing in each
of the Portfolios and the circumstances reasonably likely to cause the value of
your investment to decline are described in the “Portfolio Summary” section of
each Portfolio in this Prospectus. Additional information concerning those
principal risks and the additional risks that apply to each Portfolio are set
forth below. Please note that there are other circumstances that are not
described here that could cause the value of your investment to decline and
prevent a Portfolio from achieving its investment objective.
Market
Risk. The value of the securities in
which a Portfolio invests may fluctuate in response to the prospects of
individual companies, particular industry sectors or governments and/or such
factors as general economic conditions, political or regulatory developments,
changes in interest rates, perceived desirability of equity securities relative
to other investments, exchange trading suspensions and closures and public
health risks. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political,
economic and other conditions and events (such as wars, natural disasters,
epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, conflicts, recessions, inflation/deflation,
supply chain disruptions and social unrest) adversely impact the global economy;
in these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect
companies world-wide. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended
periods. A Portfolio’s investments may be over-weighted from time to time in one
or more industry sectors, which will increase the Portfolio’s exposure to risk
of loss from adverse developments affecting those sectors.
Currency
Risk. Investments in foreign currencies
are subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to
the U.S. dollar or, in the case of hedged positions, that the U.S. dollar will
decline relative to the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates may
experience steady or sudden fluctuation over short periods of time. A decline in
the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will reduce the
value of securities held by a Portfolio and denominated in those currencies.
Foreign
Investments. Securities issued by
foreign governments, foreign corporations, international agencies and
obligations of foreign banks involve risks not associated with securities issued
by U.S. entities. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the
value of investments of a Portfolio. With respect to certain foreign countries,
there is the possibility of expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation and
political or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect
investment in those countries. There may be less publicly-available information
about a foreign financial instrument than about a U.S. instrument and foreign
entities may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting
standards and requirements comparable to those of U.S. entities. A Portfolio
could encounter difficulties in obtaining or enforcing a judgment against the
issuer in certain foreign countries. Such risks may be magnified with respect to
securities of issuers in frontier emerging markets. In addition, economic
sanctions may be, and have been, imposed against certain countries,
organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals. Economic sanctions and
other similar governmental actions could, among other things, effectively
restrict or eliminate a Portfolio’s ability to purchase or sell securities or
groups of securities, or disrupt settlement, clearing and registration of
securities and thus may make the Portfolio’s investments in such securities less
liquid or more difficult to value. In addition, as a result of economic
sanctions, a Portfolio may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of investments
at inopportune times or prices. Certain foreign investments may also be subject
to foreign withholding or other taxes, although the Portfolio will seek to
minimize such withholding taxes whenever practical. Investors may be able to
deduct such taxes in computing their taxable income or to use such amounts as
credits (subject to a holding period and certain other restrictions) against
their U.S. income taxes if more than 50% of the Portfolio’s total assets at the
close of any taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations
and the Portfolio elects to pass-through such taxes to the investors. Ownership
of unsponsored Depositary Receipts may not entitle the Portfolio to financial or
other reports from the issuer to which it would be entitled as the owner of
sponsored Depositary Receipts. See also “Shareholder Information—Tax
Considerations” below.
Emerging and Frontier
Market Securities. The risks of
investing in foreign securities may be intensified in the case of investments in
issuers domiciled or doing substantial business in developing countries with
limited or immature capital markets. Security prices and currency valuations in
emerging and frontier markets can be significantly more volatile than in the
more established markets of the developed nations, reflecting the greater
uncertainties of investing in less mature markets and economies. In particular,
developing countries may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk
of sudden adverse government action and even nationalization of businesses,
restrictions on foreign ownership, or prohibitions of repatriation of assets,
and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries.
The economies of developing countries may be predominantly based on only a few
industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade
conditions and may suffer from extreme debt burdens or volatile inflation rates.
Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and may be
unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making
prompt liquidation of substantial holdings difficult or impossible at times.
Transaction settlement and dividend collection procedures may be less reliable
than in developed markets. Securities of issuers located in developing countries
may have limited marketability and may be subject to
more
abrupt or erratic price movements. Because of this volatility, such investments
are better suited for long-term investors.
Risks of Investing in
Russia. Investing in securities issued
by companies located in Russia involves significant risks, including legal,
regulatory, currency and economic risks that are specific to Russia. In
addition, investing in securities issued by companies located in Russia involves
risks associated with the settlement of portfolio transactions and loss of a
Portfolio’s ownership rights in its portfolio securities as a result of the
system of share registration and custody in Russia. Governments in the U.S. and
many other countries have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian
individuals and Russian corporate and banking entities. A number of
jurisdictions may also institute broader sanctions on Russia, including banning
Russia from global payments systems that facilitate cross-border payments.
Additionally, Russia is alleged to have participated in state-sponsored
cyberattacks against foreign companies and foreign governments. Russia launched
a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The extent and
duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market
disruptions, including declines in its stock markets and the value of the ruble
against the U.S. dollar, are impossible to predict, but could be significant.
Any such disruptions caused by Russian military action or other actions
(including cyberattacks and espionage) or resulting actual and threatened
responses to such activity, including purchasing and financing restrictions,
boycotts or changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, sanctions, tariffs or
cyberattacks on the Russian government, Russian companies, or Russian
individuals, including politicians, may impact Russia’s economy and Russian
issuers of securities in which a Portfolio invests. Actual and threatened
responses to such military action may also impact the markets for certain
Russian commodities, such as oil and natural gas, as well as other sectors of
the Russian economy, and may likely have collateral impacts on such sectors
globally. Such responses could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian
securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of
a Portfolio to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets.
Geopolitical
Risk. The value of your investment in a
Portfolio is based on the market prices of the securities the Portfolio holds.
These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect markets
generally, as well as those that affect particular regions, countries,
industries, companies or governments. These price movements, sometimes called
volatility, may be greater or less depending on the types of securities a
Portfolio owns and the markets in which the securities trade. The
interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the
likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may
adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market.
Securities in a Portfolio may decline in value due to inflation (or expectations
for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or
resources, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, wars, terrorism,
regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. Further, the
recent rise of nationalist economic policies, including trade protectionism may
have a negative impact on the Portfolios’ performance. It is difficult to
predict when similar events or policies may affect the U.S. or global financial
markets or the effects that such events or policies may have. Any such events or
policies could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile
of a Portfolio.
Geographic
Risk. Concentration of the investments
of a Portfolio in issuers located in a particular country or region will subject
such Portfolio, to a greater extent than if investments were less concentrated,
to the risks of volatile economic cycles and/or conditions, and developments
that may be particular to that country or region, such as: adverse securities
markets; adverse exchange rates; social, political, regulatory, economic or
environmental developments; or natural disasters.
ESG
Integration. Harding Loevner’s
integration of ESG-related risks and opportunities as part of its investment
process may impact a Portfolio’s performance, including relative to similar
funds that do not consider such risks and opportunities. Harding Loevner’s
assessment of ESG-related risks and opportunities in the course of identifying
and selecting investments requires subjective judgment, which may turn out to be
incorrect. Such assessment is also made more difficult when relevant data about
a company is limited. A company’s ESG-related risks and opportunities or Harding
Loevner’s assessment of such risks and opportunities may change over time.
Small- and
Mid-Capitalization Companies. Investment in smaller and medium-sized
companies involves greater risk than investment in larger, more established
companies. Their common stock and other securities may trade less frequently and
in limited volume. Accordingly, the prices of such securities are generally more
sensitive to purchase and sale transactions and tend to be more volatile than
the prices of securities of companies with larger market capitalizations.
Because of this, if a Portfolio wishes to sell a large quantity of a small or
medium-sized company’s shares, it may have to sell at a lower price than it
believes is reflective of the value of the shares, or it may have to sell in
smaller quantities than desired and over a period of time. These companies may
face greater business risks because they lack the management depth or
experience, financial resources, product diversification, or competitive
strengths of larger companies, and they may be more adversely affected by poor
economic conditions. There may be less publicly-available information about
smaller companies than larger companies. Small company stocks, as a group, tend
to go in and out of favor based on economic conditions and market sentiment, and
during certain periods will perform poorly relative to other types of
investments, including larger company stocks. Generally, the smaller the company
size, the greater these risks become.
Risks Associated with
Investing in Chinese Companies.
Investing in Chinese companies involves a higher degree of risk than investing
in companies located in, or otherwise principally exposed to, other regions and
economies, including one or more of the following risks:
China.
China is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility
from time to time in comparison to developed markets. The economy, industries,
and securities and currency markets of China are particularly vulnerable to the
region’s dependence on exports and international trade and increasing
competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies. The imposition of
tariffs or other trade barriers by the U.S. or foreign governments on Chinese
exports and other restrictions on or barriers to investment in China may
adversely impact Chinese companies. Currency fluctuations, currency
convertibility, interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation as a
result of internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries may have
negative effects on the economies and securities markets in which Chinese
companies operate.
The
Chinese government exercises significant control over China’s economy through
its industrial policies (e.g., allocation of resources and other preferential
treatment), monetary policy, management of currency exchange rates, and
management of the payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations. For over
three decades, the Chinese government has been reforming economic and market
practices, providing a larger sphere for private ownership of property, and
interfering less with market forces. While currently contributing to growth and
prosperity, these reforms could be altered or discontinued at any time. Changes
in these policies could adversely impact affected industries or companies in
China. In addition, the Chinese government may actively attempt to influence the
operation of Chinese markets through currency controls, direct investments,
limitations on specific types of transactions (such as short selling), limiting
or prohibiting investors (including foreign institutional investors) from
selling holdings in Chinese companies, or other similar actions. Furthermore,
U.S. regulatory authorities often have substantial difficulties in bringing and
enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including
company directors and officers, in certain emerging markets, including China.
Investments in Chinese companies are subject to the risk of confiscatory
taxation, nationalization or expropriation of assets, potentially frequent
changes in the law, and imperfect information because companies in the China
region may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. The occurrence of
catastrophic events (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, pandemic disease, acts of
terrorism and other catastrophes) in China could also have a negative impact on
a Portfolio.
Military
conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other
countries, could disrupt the economic development in China. China’s long-running
conflict over Taiwan remains unresolved, while territorial border disputes
persist with several neighboring countries. While economic relations with Japan
have deepened, the political relationship between the two countries has become
more strained in recent years, which could weaken economic ties. There is also a
greater risk involved in currency fluctuations, currency convertibility,
interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation. The Chinese government
also sometimes takes actions intended to increase or decrease the values of
Chinese stocks. China’s economy, particularly its export-oriented sectors, may
be adversely impacted by trade or political disputes with China’s major trading
partners, including the United States.
In
addition, as its consumer class continues to grow, China’s domestically oriented
industries may be especially sensitive to changes in government policy and
investment cycles. Social cohesion in China is being tested by growing income
inequality and larger scale environmental degradation. Social instability could
threaten China’s political system and economic growth, which could decrease the
value of the Portfolio’s investments.
Accounting,
auditing, financial, and other reporting standards, practices and disclosure
requirements in China are different, sometimes in fundamental ways, from those
in the United States and certain Western European countries. Although the
Chinese government adopted a new set of Accounting Standards for Business
Enterprises effective January 1, 2007, which are similar to the
International Financial Reporting Standards, the accounting practices in China
continue to be frequently criticized and
challenged.
In addition, China does not allow the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
to inspect the work that auditors perform in China for Chinese companies in
which the Portfolio may invest. That inspection organization conducts on-going
reviews of audits by U.S. accounting firms. As a result, financial reporting by
companies domiciled in China does not have as much regulatory oversight as
reporting by companies in the United States.
In
November 2020, the President of the United States issued an Executive Order (the
“Order”), which went into effect on January 11, 2021, to prohibit, among
other things, any transaction by any U.S. person in publicly traded securities
of certain companies determined to be affiliated with China’s military. In June
2021, the Order was amended to also prohibit any transaction by any U.S. person
in publicly traded securities of certain companies determined to be affiliated
with China’s surveillance technology sector. In December 2020, the President of
the United States signed into law the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
(“HFCAA”), which requires companies publicly listed on stock exchanges in the
United States to declare they are not owned or controlled by any foreign
government. The Order, HFCAA, or similar future actions by the United States
government, may limit the securities in which a Portfolio may invest.
Investing
in certain China-related securities, such as Chinese A‑shares listed and traded
on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange through the
Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect programs,
has certain associated risks including a lack of certainty regarding how the
People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) securities regulations and listing rules of
the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges will be applied; underdeveloped
concepts of beneficial ownership and associated rights (i.e., participation in
corporate actions and shareholder meetings); limitations on the ability to
pursue claims against the issuer; and untested PRC trading, clearance and
settlement procedures.
A
Portfolio may gain economic exposure to certain operating companies in China
through legal structures known as variable interest entities (“VIEs”). In a VIE
structure, a China-based operating company (“Operating Company”) typically
establishes an offshore shell company (“Shell Company”) in another jurisdiction,
such as the Cayman Islands, which then enters into service and other contracts
with the Operating Company and issues shares on a foreign exchange, like the New
York Stock Exchange. Investors in VIEs hold stock in the Shell Company rather
than directly in the Operating Company and the Shell Company may not own stock
or other equity in the Operating Company. Certain Chinese companies have used
VIEs to facilitate foreign investment because of Chinese governmental
prohibitions or restrictions on non-Chinese ownership of companies in certain
industries in China. Through a VIE arrangement, the Operating Companies
indirectly raise capital from U.S. investors without distributing ownership of
the Operating Companies to U.S. investors.
Investments
in VIEs are subject to risks in addition to those generally associated with
investments in China. For example, breaches of the contractual arrangements,
changes in Chinese law with respect to enforceability or permissibility of these
arrangements or failure of these contracts to function as intended would likely
adversely affect an investment in a VIE. In addition, VIEs are also subject to
the risk of inconsistent and unpredictable
application
of Chinese law, that the Shell Company may lose control over the Operating
Company and that the equity owners of the Operating Company may have interests
conflicting with those of the Shell Company’s investors. There is also
uncertainty related to the Chinese taxation of VIEs and the Chinese tax
authorities may take positions which result in increased tax liabilities. Thus,
investors, such as the Portfolios, face risks and uncertainty about future
actions or intervention by the government of China at any time and without
notice that could suddenly and significantly affect VIEs and the enforceability
of the Shell Company’s contractual arrangements with the Operating Company. If
these risks materialize, the value of investments in VIEs could be significantly
adversely affected and a Portfolio could incur significant losses with no
recourse available.
Hong
Kong. As part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to
Chinese sovereignty in 1997, China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high
degree of autonomy with regard to its political, legal and economic systems for
a period of at least 50 years. Under the agreement, China does not tax Hong
Kong, does not limit the exchange of the Hong Kong dollar for foreign currencies
and does not place restrictions on free trade in Hong Kong. However, there is no
guarantee that China will continue to honor the agreement, and China may change
its policies regarding Hong Kong at any time. If China were to further exert its
authority so as to alter the economic, political or legal structures or the
existing social policy of Hong Kong, investor and business confidence in Hong
Kong could be negatively affected, which in turn could negatively affect markets
and business performance and have an adverse effect on a Portfolio’s
investments. There is uncertainty as to whether China will continue to respect
the relative independence of Hong Kong and refrain from exerting a tighter grip
on Hong Kong’s political, economic and social concerns. In addition, the Hong
Kong dollar trades within a fixed trading band rate to (or is “pegged” to) the
U.S. dollar. This fixed exchange rate has contributed to the growth and
stability of the Hong Kong economy. However, some market participants have
questioned the continued viability of the currency peg. It is uncertain what
effect any discontinuance of the currency peg and the establishment of an
alternative exchange rate system would have on capital markets generally and the
Hong Kong economy.
China
is Hong Kong’s largest trading partner, both in terms of exports and imports.
Changes in China’s economic policies, trade regulations or currency exchange
rates may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong’s economy. Recent protests and
unrest have increased tensions between Hong Kong and China.
Under
the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“SAR”) of the PRC,
Hong Kong is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external
relations, while the government of the PRC is responsible for its foreign
affairs and defense. As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and
develops relations with foreign states and regions. In July 2020, the Chinese
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Law of the
People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong
SAR. In the same month, Hong Kong ceased being afforded preferential economic
treatment by the United States under U.S. law, and there remains uncertainty as
to how the economy of Hong Kong will be affected. Accordingly, it cannot be
assured that Hong Kong’s status as a SAR of the PRC will remain unaffected,
thereby further affecting its current relations with foreign states and regions.
Any further changes in China’s policies could adversely affect market conditions
and the
performance
of Hong Kong’s economy. There can be no assurance that there will be no
additional political or social unrest or that such unrest will not lead to the
disruption of the economic, political and social conditions of Hong Kong.
Hong
Kong, Taiwan and Macau do not exercise the same level of control over their
economies as does the PRC with respect to the PRC, but changes to their
political and economic relationships with the PRC could adversely impact a
Portfolio’s investments in companies based in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau.
Taiwan. The political
reunification of China and Taiwan, over which China continues to claim
sovereignty, is a highly complex issue and is unlikely to be settled in the near
future. There is the potential for future political or economic disturbances
that may have an adverse impact on the values of investments in either China or
Taiwan, or make investments in China and Taiwan impractical or impossible. Any
escalation of hostility between China and/or Taiwan would likely distort
Taiwan’s capital accounts, as well as have a significant adverse impact on the
value of investments in both countries and the region.
Macau. Although Macau is a SAR of
China, it maintains a high degree of autonomy from China in economic matters.
Macau’s economy is heavily dependent on the gaming sector and tourism
industries, and its exports are dominated by textiles and apparel. Accordingly,
Macau’s growth and development are highly dependent upon external economic
conditions, particularly those in China.
Chinese Currency
Risk. Foreign currencies may experience
steady or sudden devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, adversely affecting
the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Because a Portfolio’s net asset value
is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, if the local currency of a foreign
market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, you may lose money even if the
foreign market prices of the Portfolio’s holdings rise. The value of China’s
currency, the RMB may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to, among
other things, changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies issued
by the People’s Republic of China, the United States, foreign governments,
central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or
other national or global political or economic developments. The RMB is
currently not a freely convertible currency. The Chinese government places
strict regulations on the RMB and sets the value of the RMB to levels dependent
on the value of the U.S. dollar. The Chinese government’s imposition of
restrictions on the repatriation of RMB out of the PRC may limit the depth of
the offshore RMB market and reduce the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. The
international community has requested that China ease its restrictions on
currency exchange, but it is unclear whether the Chinese government will change
its policy. These restrictions may adversely affect the Portfolio and its
investments.
Participation
Notes. Participation notes are issued by
banks, or broker-dealers, or their affiliates and are designed to replicate the
return of a particular underlying equity or debt security, currency, or market.
When the participation note matures, the issuer of the participation note will
pay to, or receive from, a Portfolio the difference between the nominal value of
the underlying instrument at the time of purchase and that instrument’s value at
maturity.
Participation notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment
in the underlying security, currency, or market that they seek to replicate. A
Portfolio has no rights under participation notes against the issuer(s) of the
underlying security(ies) and must rely on the creditworthiness of the issuer(s)
of the participation notes. In general, the opportunity to sell participation
notes to a third party will be limited or nonexistent.
NAV Risk. The net asset value of a Portfolio and the value of
your investment will fluctuate.
Depositary Receipts
Risk. ADRs as well as other forms of
depositary receipts, including EDRs and GDRs, are certificates evidencing
ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by
depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United
States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank
or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. Depositary
receipts may be “sponsored” or “unsponsored.” Sponsored depositary receipts are
established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer, whereas
unsponsored depositary receipts may be established by a depositary without
participation by the underlying issuer. The issuers of the securities underlying
unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material
information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information
available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such
information and the market value of the depositary receipts. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs
are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in
their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs are subject
to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities,
including foreign exchange risk as well as the political, economic, and social
risks of the underlying issuer’s country.
Financials Sector
Risk. To the extent a Portfolio invests
in securities and other obligations of issuers in the financials sector, the
Portfolio will be vulnerable to events affecting companies in the financials
industry. Examples of risks affecting the financials sector include changes in
governmental regulation, issues relating to the availability and cost of
capital, changes in interest rates and/or monetary policy, and price
competition. In addition, financials companies are often more highly leveraged
than other companies, making them inherently riskier.
Concentration
Risk. The Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio may invest up to 35% of its total assets in the securities of
companies in any one industry if, at the time of investment, that industry
represents 20% or more of the Portfolio’s benchmark index, currently the MSCI
Frontier Emerging Markets Index. At any time the Portfolio has such a
concentration of investments in a single industry group, it will be particularly
vulnerable to adverse economic, political, and other factors that affect that
industry group. Investment opportunities in many frontier emerging market
countries may be concentrated in the banking industry. In many frontier emerging
markets, banks are among the largest publicly-traded companies and their
securities are among the most widely traded. The banking industry is a
comparatively narrow segment of the economy generally, including in frontier
emerging market countries and, therefore, the Portfolio may experience greater
volatility than portfolios investing in a less-concentrated fashion or a broader
range of industries. Issuers in the banking industry may be subject to
additional risks such as increased competition within the industry, or changes
in legislation, or government
regulations
affecting the industry. The value of the Portfolio’s shares may be particularly
vulnerable to factors affecting the banking industry, such as the availability
and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and
consumer debt defaults, extensive government regulation, and price competition.
Such risks may be magnified with respect to securities of issuers in frontier
emerging markets. Please refer to the Portfolio’s SAI for further information
relating to concentration.
Investment Style
Risk. Different investment styles (e.g.,
“growth” or “value”) tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and
economic conditions as well as investor sentiment. One style will underperform
other styles over certain periods when that style is out of favor or does not
respond as positively to market or other events. The Portfolios may outperform
or underperform other funds that invest in similar asset classes but employ
different investment styles. There may be market and economic conditions under
which an investment philosophy emphasizing high business quality and earnings
growth, as is applied to the Portfolios, will underperform other investment
styles. At times, the market may place a greater emphasis on current dividends
or to discount prospective returns on capital investment for future growth,
which would tend to favor a value style of investing.
Management
Risk. A strategy used by Harding Loevner
may fail to produce the intended results or expected returns, causing a
Portfolio to lose value or fail to meet its investment objective or underperform
funds with similar investment objectives and strategies.
Debt Security
Risk. Debt securities may lose value due
to unfavorable fluctuations in the level of interest rates or due to a decline
in the creditworthiness of the issuer. As interest rates rise, the value of debt
securities generally declines. This risk is generally greater for debt
securities with longer maturities than for debt securities with shorter
maturities.
Credit
Quality. The value of an individual
security or particular type of security can be more volatile than the market as
a whole and can behave differently from the value of the market as a whole.
Lower-quality debt securities (those of less than investment-grade quality) and
certain other types of securities involve greater risk of default or price
changes due to changes in the credit quality of the issuer. The value of
lower-quality debt securities and certain other types of securities can be more
volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory,
market or economic developments, and such securities might be difficult to
resell.
Counterparty (or
Default) Risk. An issuer of fixed-income
securities held by a Portfolio or a counterparty to a derivative transaction
entered into by a Portfolio may default on its obligation to pay interest and
repay principal. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the
greater the risk that the issuer of the security will default on its obligation.
High-quality securities are generally believed to have relatively low degrees of
credit risk. The Portfolios intend to enter into financial transactions only
with counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There
is always the risk that the analysis of creditworthiness is incorrect or may
change due to market conditions. To the extent that a Portfolio focuses its
transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more
susceptible to the risks associated with one or more counterparties.
Illiquid and
Restricted Securities. Each Portfolio
may invest up to 15% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities.
Illiquid securities are securities that the Portfolio does not reasonably expect
to be able to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions within seven
business days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the
market value of the investment and includes securities with legal or contractual
restrictions on resale, time deposits, repurchase agreements having maturities
longer than seven days and securities that do not have readily available market
quotations. In addition, although it does not expect to, a Portfolio may invest
in securities that are sold in private placement transactions between their
issuers and their purchasers and that are neither listed on an exchange nor
traded over-the-counter. These factors may have an adverse effect on the
Portfolio’s ability to dispose of particular securities and may limit a
Portfolio’s ability to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing
securities and calculating net asset value and to sell securities at fair value.
If any privately placed securities held by a Portfolio are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Portfolio may be required to bear the expenses of registration.
High Yield/High Risk
Securities. The Portfolios may invest in
debt and convertible securities rated lower than Baa by Moody’s or BBB by
S&P, or unrated securities of equivalent quality (commonly referred to as
“junk bonds”) as determined by Harding Loevner. Junk bonds typically offer a
higher yield, but involve greater risk and are less liquid than higher grade
debt securities. The lower the ratings of such debt securities, the greater
their risks render them like equity securities. None of the Portfolios may
invest in securities rated, at the time of investment, C or below by Moody’s, or
D or below by S&P, or the equivalent as determined by Harding Loevner, which
may be in default with respect to payment of principal or interest.
Derivatives and
Hedging. Because some emerging market
countries may present difficulties for efficient foreign investment, the
Portfolio may use equity derivative securities to gain exposure to those
countries. The Portfolios may use derivative instruments, including without
limitation, options, futures, participation notes, options on futures, forwards,
swaps, structured securities, and derivatives relating to foreign currency
transactions (collectively, “derivatives”), for hedging purposes and to increase
overall return for the Portfolios. The use of derivatives involves special
risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction,
illiquidity and, to the extent a Portfolio’s orientation as to certain
anticipated market movements is incorrect, the possibility that the use of
derivatives could result in greater losses than if they had not been used. To
the extent a Portfolio engages in derivatives in an attempt to hedge certain
exposures or risks, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio’s hedging
investments or transactions will be effective. In addition, hedging investments
or transactions involve costs and may reduce gains or result in losses, which
may adversely affect the Portfolio.
Options and
Futures. The Portfolios may purchase or
sell options. If a Portfolio buys an option, it buys a legal contract giving it
the right to buy or sell a specific amount of the underlying instrument, foreign
currency or contract, such as a swap agreement or futures contract, on the
underlying instrument or foreign currency at an agreed-upon price typically in
exchange for a premium paid by the Portfolio. If Portfolio the sells an option,
it sells to another person the right to buy from or sell to the Portfolio a
specific amount of
the
underlying instrument, swap, foreign currency, or futures contract on the
underlying instrument or foreign currency at an agreed-upon price during a
period of time or on a specific date typically in exchange for a premium
received by the Portfolio. The sale of put and call options could result in
losses to a Portfolio, force the purchase or sale of portfolio securities at
inopportune times, or for prices higher or lower than current market values, or
cause the Portfolio to hold a security it might otherwise sell. The purchase of
options involves costs associated with the option premium and, if the option is
exercised, risks associated with the settlement and the creditworthiness of the
party selling the option. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain special risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between
price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related
portfolio position of a Portfolio could create the possibility that losses on
the derivative will be greater than gains in the value of the Portfolio’s
position. The loss from investing in futures transactions that are unhedged or
uncovered is potentially unlimited. In addition, futures and options markets
could be illiquid in some circumstances and certain over-the-counter options
could have no markets. A Portfolio might not be able to close out certain
positions without incurring substantial losses. To the extent a Portfolio
utilizes futures and options transactions for hedging, such transactions should
tend to reduce the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged
position and, at the same time, limit any potential gain to the Portfolio that
might result from an increase in value of the position. Finally, the daily
variation margin requirements for futures contracts create a greater ongoing
potential financial risk than would the purchase of options, in which case the
exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium and transaction
costs.
Disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings
A
description of the Fund’s policies and procedures regarding disclosure of each
Portfolio’s portfolio securities is available in the SAI. Portfolio holdings
information as of each calendar quarter end is available to shareholders on the
Fund’s website. This information is available no sooner than five
(5) business days after the applicable calendar quarter end. Certain other
additional information about the Fund’s Portfolios is available publicly on the
website for AMG Funds, www.amgfunds.com.
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser
Harding
Loevner serves as investment adviser to the Fund’s Portfolios. Harding Loevner,
established in 1989, is a registered investment adviser that provides global
investment management for private investors and institutions. As of
December 31, 2022, Harding Loevner managed approximately $55.6 billion in
assets. Harding Loevner is located at 400 Crossing Boulevard, Fourth Floor,
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807.
Subject
to the direction and authority of the Board of Directors, Harding Loevner
provides investment advisory services to each Portfolio pursuant to investment
advisory agreements (the “Investment Advisory Agreements”). Under the Investment
Advisory Agreements, Harding Loevner is responsible for providing investment
research and advice, determining which portfolio securities shall be purchased
or sold by each Portfolio, purchasing and selling securities on behalf of the
Portfolios, and determining how voting and other rights with respect to the
portfolio securities of the Portfolios are exercised in accordance with each
Portfolio’s investment objective, policies, and restrictions. Harding Loevner
also provides office space, equipment, and personnel necessary to manage the
Portfolios. Harding Loevner bears the expense of providing the above services to
each Portfolio.
The
aggregate annualized advisory fees paid by each Portfolio, excluding any
applicable waivers or reimbursements, to Harding Loevner during the fiscal year
ended October 31, 2022 as a percentage of each Portfolio’s average daily
net assets were:
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio |
|
Aggregate Advisory Fees |
|
Global
Equity |
|
|
0.74% |
|
International
Equity |
|
|
0.67% |
|
International
Small Companies |
|
|
0.95% |
|
Emerging
Markets |
|
|
0.98% |
|
Frontier
Emerging Markets |
|
|
1.35% |
|
Harding
Loevner may make payments from its own resources to parties that provide
distribution, recordkeeping, shareholder communication, and other services under
mutual fund supermarket and other programs. See also “Distribution of Fund
Shares” below.
Advisory Contract
Approval
A
discussion of the basis for the Board of Directors’ approval of the Investment
Advisory Agreement for the Portfolios is available in the Fund’s annual report
to shareholders for the period ended October 31, 2022.
Portfolio Management
Peter
Baughan, CFA has been a co-lead portfolio manager since 2003 and an analyst
since 1997. As an analyst, he focuses on consumer discretionary and industrials
companies. Mr. Baughan graduated from the University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill in 1983 and joined Harding Loevner in 1997. Mr. Baughan serves
as a co-lead portfolio manager for the Global Equity Portfolio. Mr. Baughan
has held his position with the Global Equity Portfolio since February
2003.
Pradipta
Chakrabortty has been a portfolio manager and an analyst since 2008. As an
analyst, he focuses on frontier emerging market companies. Mr. Chakrabortty
graduated from BIRLA Institute of Technology & Science (Pilani, India)
in 1994, received an MBA in Finance and Marketing from XLRI School of Management
(Jamshedpur, India) in 1998, and received an MBA in Finance from University of
Pennsylvania, the Wharton School, in 2008. He joined Harding Loevner in 2008.
Mr. Chakrabortty serves as a co-lead portfolio manager for the Emerging
Markets Portfolio and the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio.
Mr. Chakrabortty has held his position with the Emerging Markets Portfolio
since January 2015 and the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio since December
2008.
Scott
Crawshaw has been a portfolio manager since 2014 and an analyst since 2015. As
an analyst, he focuses on emerging markets companies. Mr. Crawshaw
graduated from University of Bristol in 1995. From 2004 to 2014,
Mr. Crawshaw was a senior portfolio manager and research analyst for
Russell Investments. He joined Harding Loevner in 2014. Mr. Crawshaw serves
as a co-lead portfolio manager for the Emerging Markets Portfolio and as a
portfolio manager for the Global Equity Portfolio. Mr. Crawshaw has held
his position with Emerging Markets Portfolio since June 2014 and the Global
Equity Portfolio since January 2018.
Sergey
Dubin, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2022 and an analyst since 2015. As
an analyst, he focuses on emerging markets companies. Mr. Dubin graduated
from Syracuse University in 1997. He joined Harding Loevner in 2015.
Mr. Dubin serves as a portfolio manager for the Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio. Mr. Dubin has held his with the Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio position since January 2022.
Lee
Gao has been a portfolio manager since 2023 and an analyst since 2020. As an
analyst, he focuses on Chinese companies. Mr. Gao graduated from Harvard
University in 2006. He joined Harding Loevner in 2020. Mr. Gao serves as a
portfolio manager for the Emerging Markets Portfolio. Mr. Gao has held his
position with the Emerging Markets Portfolio since January 2023.
Maria
Lernerman has been a portfolio manager since 2022 and an analyst since 2015. As
an analyst, she focuses on consumer discretionary companies. Additionally, in
her role as an ESG analyst, she has been overseeing Harding Loevner’s ESG
research integration and stewardship efforts. Ms. Lernerman graduated from
the University of Pennsylvania in 2003. She joined Harding Loevner in 2015.
Ms. Lernerman serves as a portfolio manager for the International Equity
Portfolio. Ms. Lernerman has held her position with the International
Equity Portfolio since December 2022.
Jingyi
Li has been a portfolio manager since 2019 and an analyst since 2010. As an
analyst, he focuses on industrials, utilities, and Chinese companies.
Mr. Li graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1998 and received an
MBA from the Yale School of Management in 2005. He joined Harding Loevner in
2010. Mr. Li serves as a co-lead portfolio manager for the Global Equity
Portfolio. Mr. Li has held his position with the Global Equity Portfolio
since February 2019.
Bryan
Lloyd, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2014 and an analyst since 2011
when he joined Harding Loevner. As an analyst, he focuses on financials
companies. Mr. Lloyd graduated from
Lafayette
College in 1996. Mr. Lloyd serves as a portfolio manager for the
International Equity Portfolio. Mr. Lloyd has held his position with the
International Equity Portfolio since June 2014.
Christopher
Mack, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2014 and an analyst since 2008. As
an analyst, he focuses on information technology companies. Mr. Mack
graduated from Lafayette College in 2004 and joined Harding Loevner that same
year. Mr. Mack serves as a portfolio manager for the Global Equity
Portfolio. Mr. Mack has held his position with the Global Equity Portfolio
since June 2014.
Babatunde
Ojo, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2014 and an analyst since 2012. As
an analyst, he focuses on frontier emerging markets companies. Mr. Ojo
graduated from University of Lagos in 2002. He received an MBA in Finance and
Management from University of Pennsylvania, the Wharton School, in 2012 and
joined Harding Loevner that same year. Mr. Ojo serves as a co-lead
portfolio manager for the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio and as a portfolio
manager for the International Equity Portfolio. Mr. Ojo has held his
position with the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio since June 2014 and the
International Equity Portfolio since January 2021.
Jafar
Rizvi, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2011 and an analyst since 2008. As
an analyst, he focuses on communication services, consumer discretionary, and
international small companies. Mr. Rizvi graduated from Aligarh University
in 1988 and from J Nehru University in 1990. He received an MBA from Baruch
College, The City University of New York in 1998 and an MPA from Columbia
University’s School of International & Public Affairs in 2010. He
joined Harding Loevner in 2008. Mr. Rizvi serves as a co-lead portfolio
manager for the International Small Companies Portfolio. Mr. Rizvi has held
his position with the International Small Companies Portfolio since June
2011.
Ferrill
Roll, CFA has been a co-lead portfolio manager since 2001, an analyst since
1996, Co-Chief Investment Officer from 2016 to 2020 and Chief Investment Officer
since 2020. As an analyst, he focuses on financials companies. Mr. Roll
graduated from Stanford University in 1980 and joined Harding Loevner in 1996.
Mr. Roll serves as a co-lead portfolio manager for the International Equity
Portfolio. Mr. Roll has held his position with the International Equity
Portfolio since October 2004.
Richard
Schmidt, CFA has been a portfolio manager and analyst since 2011. As an analyst,
he focuses on consumer staples companies. Mr. Schmidt graduated from
Georgetown University in 1986. He joined Harding Loevner in 2011.
Mr. Schmidt serves as a portfolio manager for the Global Equity Portfolio
and the Emerging Markets Portfolio. Mr. Schmidt has held his position with
the Global Equity Portfolio since February 2015 and the Emerging Markets
Portfolio since December 2011.
Moon
Surana, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2015 and an analyst since 2009.
As an analyst, she focuses on financials companies. Ms. Surana graduated
from Manipal Institute of Technology in 2005 and received an MS in Financial
Engineering from the University of Michigan in 2008. She joined Harding Loevner
in 2009. Ms. Surana serves as a portfolio manager for the Global Equity
Portfolio. Ms. Surana has held her position with the Global Equity
Portfolio since January 2022.
Patrick
Todd, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2017 and an analyst since 2012 when
he joined Harding Loevner. As an analyst, he focuses on health care and real
estate companies. Mr. Todd graduated from Harvard University in 2002 and
received an MBA in Applied Value Investing from Columbia Business School in
2011. Mr. Todd serves as a portfolio manager for the International Equity
Portfolio. Mr. Todd has held his position with the International Equity
Portfolio since January 2017.
Anix
Vyas, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2018 and an analyst since 2013. As
an analyst, he focuses on industrials and materials companies. Mr. Vyas
graduated from Fordham University in 2002 and received an MBA in Finance from
University of Pennsylvania, the Wharton School, in 2010. He joined Harding
Loevner in 2013. Mr. Vyas serves as a co-lead portfolio manager for the
International Small Companies Portfolio. Mr. Vyas has held position his
with the International Small Companies Portfolio since April 2018.
Andrew
West, CFA has been a portfolio manager since 2014 and an analyst since 2006.
From 2011 to 2019, he also served as Manager of Investment Research. As an
analyst, he focuses on consumer discretionary and industrials companies.
Mr. West graduated from the University of Central Florida in 1991 and
received an MBA in Finance and International Business from New York University,
Leonard N. Stern School of Business, in 2003. He joined Harding Loevner in 2006.
Mr. West serves as a co-lead portfolio manager for the International Equity
Portfolio. Mr. West and has held his position with the International Equity
Portfolio since June 2014.
Additional
information regarding the portfolio managers’ compensation, their management of
other funds and their ownership of the Fund can be found in the SAI.
Portfolio Expenses
Each
Portfolio pays for all of its expenses out of its own assets. Harding Loevner or
other service providers may waive all or any portion of their fees and reimburse
certain expenses to each Portfolio. Any fee waiver or expense reimbursement
would increase the investment performance of each Portfolio for the period
during which the waiver or reimbursement is in effect.
Shareholder Information
Determination of Net
Asset Value
The
“net asset value” per share (“NAV”) of the Portfolios is calculated as of the
close of business (normally 4:00 p.m. New York Time) on days when the New York
Stock Exchange is open for business, except when trading is restricted (a
“Business Day”). Each Class or Portfolio determines its NAV per share by
subtracting that Class or Portfolio’s liabilities (including accrued expenses
and dividends payable) from the total value of the Portfolio’s investments or
the portion of a Portfolio’s investments attributable to a Class and other
assets and dividing the result by the total issued and outstanding shares of the
Class or Portfolio. Because the Portfolios may invest in foreign securities that
are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that may trade on weekends or other
days when the Portfolios do not price their shares, the value of the Portfolios’
assets may be affected on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or
redeem the Portfolios’ shares.
Each
Portfolio’s investments are valued based on market quotations, or if market
quotations are not readily available, as defined by Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act
(“Rule 2a-5”), the fair value of the Portfolio’s investments may be determined
in good faith pursuant to Rule 2a-5 and in accordance with procedures approved
by the Board of Directors as discussed below.
Fair
Valuation. Because trading in many
foreign securities is normally completed before the time at which a Portfolio
calculates its NAV, the effect on the value of such securities held by a
Portfolio of events that occur between the close of trading in the security and
the time at which the Portfolio prices its securities would not be reflected in
the Portfolio’s calculation of its NAV if foreign securities were generally
valued at their closing prices.
To
address this issue, the Board of Directors has approved the daily use of
independently provided quantitative models that may adjust the closing prices of
certain foreign equity securities based on information that becomes available
after the foreign market closes, through the application of an adjustment factor
to such securities’ closing prices. Adjustment factors may be greater than, less
than, or equal to one. Thus, use of these quantitative models could cause the
Portfolio’s NAV per share to differ significantly from that which would have
been calculated using closing market prices. The use of these quantitative
models is also intended to decrease the opportunities for persons to engage in
“time zone arbitrage,” i.e., trading intended to take advantage of stale closing
prices in foreign markets that could affect the NAV of the Portfolios.
Additionally,
any securities for which market quotations are not readily available, as defined
in Rule 2a-5, are priced by Harding Loevner, as valuation designee, at “fair
value as determined in good faith” pursuant to Rule 2a-5 and in accordance with
procedures approved by and under the general supervision of the Board of
Directors.
Purchase and Redemption
of Shares
Purchases. The minimum initial investment in the Investor Class
of the International Equity Portfolio, the International Small Companies
Portfolio, and the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio, and the Advisor Class of
the Global Equity Portfolio and the Emerging Markets Portfolio of the Fund is
$5,000. Additional purchases or redemptions may be of any amount. Individuals
may satisfy the minimum investment by aggregating their fiduciary
accounts.
The Fund reserves the right to waive the minimum initial investment amount for
any Portfolio.
The
Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive purchase orders on its
behalf. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept
purchase orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a
purchase order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s
authorized agent receives the order in proper form. Share purchase orders placed
through an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee will be priced
at the NAV per share next determined after they are received in proper form by
an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee and accepted by the
Fund. With respect to purchases of Portfolio shares through certain brokers:
(1) a broker may charge transaction fees, brokerage commissions, or other
different, or additional fees; (2) duplicate mailings of Fund material to
shareholders who reside at the same address may be eliminated; and (3) the
minimum initial investment through certain brokers may be less than a direct
purchase with the Fund.
The
offering of shares of a Portfolio is continuous and purchases of shares of a
Portfolio may be made on any Business Day. The Fund offers shares of each
Portfolio at a public offering price equal to the NAV per share next determined
after receipt of a purchase order.
You
may be required to pay a commission directly to a broker or financial
intermediary for effecting transactions in Advisor Class shares of the
Portfolios.
Generally,
shares will be available for purchase by new and existing shareholders,
including investors who purchase shares of a Portfolio directly or through
financial intermediaries, and by participants in retirement or employee benefit
plans. However, the Fund reserves the right to: (1) limit an investor’s
ability to purchase shares through certain financial intermediaries;
(2) limit the ability of financial intermediaries to acquire shares on
behalf of their customers; and (3) prohibit any financial intermediary from
increasing the allocation to a Portfolio in model portfolios. In each case, the
Fund will consider whether additional purchases are expected to negatively
impact a Portfolio or its shareholders as a whole.
The
investment strategies used by Harding Loevner to manage the Funds have capacity
limitations. In circumstances where the amount of total exposure to a strategy
or investment type for a Fund is, in the opinion of Harding Loevner, capacity
constrained, Harding Loevner, in consultation with the Board, reserves the right
to close the Fund to new investors, impose restrictions on new investments in
the Fund, or require investors to demonstrate eligibility to buy shares of a
Portfolio before an investment is accepted.
The
Fund and Harding Loevner may make exceptions or otherwise modify this policy at
any time. For questions about qualifying to purchase shares of a Portfolio,
please call (877) 435-8105.
You
may purchase shares of a Portfolio utilizing the following methods:
Wire
Transfer. Purchases of shares may be
made by wire transfer of Federal funds. Share purchase orders are effective on
the date when the Transfer Agent receives a completed Account Application Form
(and other required documents) and Federal funds become available to the Fund in
the Fund’s account with the Transfer Agent as set forth below. The shareholder’s
bank may impose a charge to execute the wire transfer. Please call the Transfer
Agent at (877) 435-8105 for instructions and policies on purchasing shares
by wire.
In
order to purchase shares on a particular Business Day, a purchaser must call the
Transfer Agent as soon as possible, but no later than by the close of business
(normally 4:00 p.m. New York Time), to inform the Fund of the incoming wire
transfer and clearly indicate the name of the Portfolio and which class of
shares is to be purchased. If Federal funds are received by the Fund that same
day, the order will be effective on that day. If the Fund receives trade
instructions after the above-mentioned cut-off time, or if the Transfer Agent
does not receive Federal funds, such purchase order shall be executed as of the
date that Federal funds are received. Portfolio shares are normally issued upon
receipt of payment by cash, check, or wire transfer.
Check. A check used to purchase shares in a Portfolio must
be payable to the Portfolio in which you wish to purchase shares, and must be
drawn against funds on deposit at a U.S. bank. For a new account, the order must
include a completed Account Application Form (and other required documents, if
any). For an existing account, the order should include the account number from
your statement. In all cases, the purchase price is based on the NAV per share
next determined after the purchase order and check are received and deposited in
good order. The Fund or the Transfer Agent reserves the right to reject any
check. All checks for share purchases should be sent to the Fund’s Transfer
Agent at:
Regular
Mail:
Harding,
Loevner Funds, Inc.
c/o
The Northern Trust Company
P.O.
Box 4766
Chicago,
Illinois 60680-4766
Overnight
Delivery:
The
Northern Trust Company
Attn:
Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
333
South Wabash Avenue
Attn:
Funds Center, Floor 38
Chicago,
Illinois 60604
The
Fund reserves the right in its sole discretion: (i) to suspend or modify
the offering of a Portfolio’s shares, (ii) to reject purchase orders, and
(iii) to modify or eliminate the minimum initial investment in Portfolio
shares. Purchase orders may be refused if, for example, they are of a size that
could disrupt management of a Portfolio.
Please
note that in compliance with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, the Fund’s Transfer
Agent will verify certain information on your account application as part of the
Fund’s anti-money laundering compliance program. If you do not supply the
necessary information, the Fund’s Transfer Agent may not be able to open your
account. Additionally, if the Fund’s Transfer Agent is unable
to
verify your identity or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf,
or if it believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Fund
reserves the right to close your account or take any other action it deems
reasonable or required by law.
Redemptions. Upon the request of a shareholder, the Fund will
redeem all or any part of the shares held through the account. The redemption
price is the NAV per share next determined after receipt by the Transfer Agent
of proper notice of redemption as described below. If the Transfer Agent
receives such notice by the close of business (normally 4:00 p.m. New York Time)
on any Business Day, the redemption will be effective on the date
of receipt.
Payment
of redemption proceeds made by check or wire will normally be made within one to
three Business Days following receipt of the redemption request, or at other
times in accordance with the requirements of your intermediary.
For
Shares held directly with the Fund, payment of redemption proceeds by wire will
normally be made on the next Business Day following receipt of the redemption
order. For payment by check, the Portfolios typically expect to mail the check
on the next Business Day following receipt of the redemption order.
For
Shares held through financial intermediaries, the length of time that the
Portfolios typically expect to pay redemption proceeds depends on the method of
payment and the agreement between the financial intermediary and the Portfolio.
For redemption proceeds that are paid directly to you by a Portfolio, the
Portfolio typically expects to make payments by wire or by mailing a check on
the next Business Day following the Portfolio’s receipt of a redemption order
from the financial intermediary. For payments that are made to your financial
intermediary for transmittal to you, the Portfolios expect to pay redemption
proceeds to the financial intermediary within one to three Business Days
following the Portfolio’s receipt of the redemption order from the financial
intermediary.
Payment
of redemption proceeds may take longer than the time a Portfolio typically
expects (due to circumstances including, but not limited to, holiday-related or
other stock exchange closure in the markets where the Portfolios invest) and may
take up to seven days, as permitted by the 1940 Act.
For
redemption orders that settle on federal bank holidays, your redemption proceeds
will be sent on the next Business Day following the holiday.
If
you are redeeming shares recently purchased by check or electronic transaction,
your redemption may not be paid until your check or electronic transaction has
cleared. This may delay your payment for up to 10 days. If the notice is
received on a day that is not a Business Day or after the above-mentioned
cut-off time, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next
Business Day.
The
Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive redemption orders on its
behalf. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive
redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received
a redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s
authorized agent receives the order in proper form. Share redemption orders
placed through an authorized broker or the
broker’s
authorized designee will be priced at the Portfolio’s NAV per share next
determined after they are received in good order by an authorized broker or the
broker’s authorized designee.
The
Fund imposes no charge to redeem shares; however, a shareholder’s or broker’s
bank may impose its own wire transfer fee for receipt of a wire. Redemptions may
be executed in any amount requested by the shareholder up to the amount the
shareholder has invested in the Portfolio. When a shareholder’s account balance
falls below $5,000 following a redemption, the Portfolio may close the account.
Such shareholders will be notified that the minimum account balance is not being
maintained and will be allowed 60 days to make additional investments before the
account is closed.
To
redeem shares, a shareholder or any authorized agent (so designated on the
Account Application Form) must provide the Transfer Agent with the dollar or
share amount to be redeemed, the account to which the redemption proceeds should
be wired (which account shall have been previously designated by the shareholder
on its Account Application Form), the name of the shareholder, and the
shareholder’s account number. Shares that are redeemed prior to the record date
of a distribution do not receive dividends.
Certain
requests or changes must be made in writing to the Transfer Agent and must
include a signature guaranteed by a national bank that is a member of the
Medallion Signature Program, using the specific Medallion “Guaranteed” stamp.
Notarized signatures are not sufficient. Further documentation may be required
when the Transfer Agent deems it appropriate. Requests or changes must include a
Signature Guarantee if a shareholder:
◾ |
|
wishes to change its
authorized agent; |
◾ |
|
wishes to redeem shares
within 10 Business Days of changing the account address of
record; |
◾ |
|
wishes to change the
account designated to receive redemption proceeds; or |
◾ |
|
requests that a check be
mailed to a different address than the record address. |
A
shareholder may request redemption by calling the Transfer Agent (toll-free) at
(877) 435-8105. Telephone redemption privileges are made available to
shareholders of the Fund on the
Account
Application Form. The Fund or the Transfer Agent employ
reasonable
procedures designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are
genuine. The Fund or the Transfer Agent may require personal identification
codes and will only wire funds according to pre-existing bank account
instructions. No bank account instruction changes will be accepted via
telephone.
Generally,
all redemptions will be for cash. Periodically, the Portfolios may satisfy
redemption requests by accessing a line of credit or overdraft facility. On a
less regular basis, under stressed market conditions, as well as for other
temporary or emergency purposes, the Portfolios may satisfy redemption requests
by distributing redemption proceeds in-kind (instead of cash) or by borrowing
through other sources. While the Portfolios do not generally use redemptions
in-kind, the Fund reserves the right to redeem from any Portfolio in-kind to
manage the impact of large redemptions on the Portfolios. Redemption in-kind
proceeds will typically be made by delivering a pro-rata amount of a Portfolio’s
holdings that are readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder
within seven days after the Portfolio’s receipt of the redemption order.
Redemption
proceeds will only be paid to the shareholder of record, to a financial
intermediary holding an account in the name of the shareholder of record, or to
a court-appointed guardian or executor of the shareholder of record.
Restrictions on
Frequent Trading. Frequent purchases and
sales of a Portfolio’s shares can harm shareholders in various ways, including
reducing the returns to long-term shareholders by increasing costs (such as
brokerage commissions) to the Portfolio and by disrupting portfolio management
strategies. Accordingly, the Board of Directors has adopted policies and
procedures to discourage frequent trading of Portfolio shares. The Fund uses
fair value pricing of securities to discourage frequent trading and eliminate
the opportunity for time zone arbitrage. While the Fund is committed to
preventing market timing and disruptive frequent trading in the Portfolios,
there is no guarantee that the Fund or its agents will be able to detect all
instances of time zone arbitrage and frequent trading.
Omnibus
accounts are maintained by intermediaries acting on behalf of multiple
shareholders. Since individual trades in omnibus accounts are not ordinarily
disclosed to the Fund, the Fund may be unable to detect or deter frequent
trading by participants in such omnibus accounts.
Exchange
Privilege. Investor Class and Advisor
Class shares of the Portfolios may be exchanged for shares of another Portfolio
or class of the Fund (excluding Institutional Class Z) based on the respective
NAV of the shares involved in the exchange, if: (i) the shareholder wishing
to exchange shares resides in a state where
the
Portfolio and class of shares to be acquired are qualified for sale; and
(ii) the investment meets the minimum initial investment requirement for
the Portfolio and class of shares to be acquired. The following table includes
the minimum initial investment required by each class of each
Portfolio.
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Portfolio |
|
Minimum Initial Investment (by
Class) |
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$5,000 |
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$100,000 |
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$500,000 |
|
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|
$10,000,000 |
|
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|
$25,000,000 |
|
Global
Equity |
|
|
Advisor Class |
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|
Institutional Class |
† |
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International
Equity |
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Investor
Class |
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|
Institutional
Class |
† |
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International
Small Companies |
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|
Investor Class |
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|
Institutional
Class |
† |
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Institutional
Emerging Markets† |
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Institutional Class |
† |
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Emerging
Markets |
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Advisor Class |
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Frontier
Emerging Markets |
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|
Investor
Class |
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Institutional Class I |
† |
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Institutional Class II |
† |
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Global
Equity Research |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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International
Equity Research |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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Emerging
Markets Research |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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Chinese
Equity |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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Emerging
Markets ex China |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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International
Developed Markets Equity |
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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International
Carbon Transition Equity |
|
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Institutional
Class |
† |
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† Not offered in this
Prospectus.
An
exchange order is treated for tax purposes the same as a redemption (on which a
taxable gain or loss may be realized) followed by a purchase and may be subject
to federal income tax. Investors who wish to make exchanges should telephone the
Transfer Agent (toll-free) at (877) 435-8105.
In
addition, a shareholder holding shares of a Portfolio through fee-based
(advisory) programs of certain intermediaries may decide to transfer such shares
to a brokerage (non-advisory) account of such intermediaries. The shareholder
may have these shares exchanged by their intermediary to a different class of
shares of the same Portfolio as a result of the transfer of the shares to a
brokerage account with the intermediary. Such exchanges will be effected on the
basis of the relative NAV of the two share classes, without the imposition of
any fees or other charges by the relevant Portfolio. The fees and expenses of
the new class may be higher than those of the previously held class. It is
expected that the intermediary will treat the exchange as a non-taxable event.
Shareholders should carefully review information in the applicable Prospectus
regarding share class features, including exchanges, or contact their
intermediary for more information. The relevant share class may be described in
a separate Prospectus for each Portfolio.
Share Class
Conversions. On the request of
shareholders, the Investor Class or Advisor Class shares of a Portfolio may be
converted to Institutional Class or Institutional Class I shares (which are not
offered in this Prospectus) of the same Portfolio if the account balance of the
shareholder requesting conversion is at least $100,000, at which time the
shareholder’s account will be subject to the requirements of Institutional Class
or Institutional Class I shares. Any such conversion will occur at the relative
NAV of the two share classes, without the imposition of any fees or other
charges if the accounts are held directly with the Fund. A
conversion
between share classes of the same Portfolio is generally not a taxable event.
Investors who wish to request a conversion should telephone the Transfer Agent
(toll-free) at (877) 435-8105 or their salesperson.
Dividends
Each
Class of the Portfolios will declare a dividend from its net investment income
and distributions from its realized net short-term and net long-term capital
gains, if any, at least annually, and (unless a shareholder has elected to
receive cash) pay such dividends and distributions by automatically reinvesting
in additional shares of the Portfolio at the NAV per share on the ex-date of the
dividends or distributions.
Tax Considerations
The
following discussion is for general information only. An investor should consult
with his or her own tax adviser as to the tax consequences of an investment in a
Portfolio, including the status of distributions from each Portfolio under
applicable state or local law. The Portfolios are not managed to maximize tax
efficiency for taxable shareholders, although in certain situations, the
Portfolios may decide to take into account the tax effects of investment
decisions.
Federal Income
Taxes. Each Class or Portfolio
intends to distribute all of its taxable income by automatically reinvesting
dividends in additional shares of the same Class or Portfolio and distributing
those shares to its shareholders, unless a shareholder elects on the Account
Application Form to receive cash payments for such distributions. Shareholders
receiving distributions from a Portfolio in the form of additional shares will
be treated for federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution of the
amount of cash that they would have received had they elected to receive the
distribution in cash.
Dividends
paid by a Portfolio from its investment company taxable income (including
interest and net short-term capital gains) will be taxable to a U.S. shareholder
as ordinary income, whether received in cash or in additional shares.
Distributions of net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains
over net short-term capital losses) are generally taxable to shareholders at the
applicable capital gains rates, regardless of how long they have held their
shares. If a portion of a Portfolio’s income consists of qualifying dividends
paid by corporations, a portion of the dividends paid by the Portfolio may be
eligible for either the corporate dividends-received deduction or the lower
individual tax rate on qualified dividends if both the Portfolio and shareholder
satisfy applicable holding period requirements. The maximum individual rate
applicable to “qualified dividend income” and long-term capital gains is
currently generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s
income exceeds certain threshold amounts. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is
imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and
capital gain distributions received from the Portfolio and net gains from
redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Portfolio shares) of U.S.
individuals, estates, and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified
adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income”
(in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
The
sale or exchange of Portfolio shares is a taxable transaction for federal income
tax purposes. Each shareholder will generally recognize a gain or loss on such
transactions equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of the net
sales proceeds and the shareholder’s tax basis in the Portfolio shares. Such
gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the shareholder held its Portfolio
shares as a capital asset. Any capital gain or loss will generally be treated
either as long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder held the Portfolio
shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, or otherwise
as short-term capital gain or loss.
If
a shareholder buys shares of a Portfolio before a distribution, the shareholder
will be subject to tax on the entire amount of the taxable distribution
received. Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from
income or gain earned by the Portfolio before their investment (and thus were
included in the price they paid for their Portfolio shares).
The
Portfolios (or their administrative agents) are required to report to the
Internal Revenue Service and furnish to shareholders the cost basis information
for sale transactions of shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012.
Shareholders may elect to have one of several cost basis methods applied to
their account when calculating the cost basis of shares sold, including average
cost, first-in, first-out or some other specific identification method. Unless
you instruct otherwise, the Portfolios will use average cost as their default
cost basis method, and will treat sales as first coming from shares purchased
prior to January 1, 2012. If average cost is used for the first sale of
shares covered by these new rules, the shareholder may only use an alternative
cost method for shares purchased prospectively. Shareholders should consult with
their tax advisors to determine the best cost basis method for their tax
situation. Shareholders that hold their shares through a financial intermediary
should contact such financial intermediary with respect to reporting of cost
basis and available elections for their accounts.
A
distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of the current calendar
year if it is declared by a Portfolio in October, November or December with a
record date in any such month and paid by the Portfolio during January of the
following calendar year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders in
the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the
calendar year in which the distributions are received. The Fund will inform
shareholders of the amount and tax status of all amounts treated as distributed
to them after the close of each calendar year.
If
more than 50% of the value of a Portfolio’s total assets at the close of any
taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Portfolio will
be eligible to file an election with the Internal Revenue Service that would
generally enable its shareholders to benefit from any foreign tax credit or
deduction available for any foreign taxes the Portfolio pays. Pursuant to this
election, a shareholder will be required to include in gross income (in addition
to dividends actually received) its pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
a Portfolio, and may be entitled either to deduct its pro rata share of the
foreign taxes in computing its taxable income or to use the amount as a foreign
tax credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability (subject to certain
holding period and other requirements). The consequences of such an election are
discussed in more detail in the SAI.
The
Portfolios may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the applicable
rate on all distributions payable to shareholders if they fail to provide the
Portfolios with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required
certifications, or if they have been notified by the IRS that they are subject
to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld may be credited against U.S. federal income tax liability.
Foreign
shareholders may be subject to different U.S. federal income tax treatment,
including withholding tax at the rate of 30% on amounts treated as ordinary
dividends from the Portfolios, as discussed in more detail in the SAI.
State and Local
Taxes. A Portfolio may be subject to
state, local, or foreign taxation in any jurisdiction in which the Portfolio may
be deemed to be doing business.
Portfolio
distributions may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders should
consult their own tax advisers regarding the particular tax consequences of an
investment in a Portfolio. The foregoing discussion is only a brief summary of
the important federal tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its
shareholders. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the
federal, state or local income tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders,
and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Accordingly, potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific
reference to their own tax situation.
Shareholder
Communications
Inquiries
concerning the Fund may be made by writing to Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc., c/o
The Northern Trust Company, Attn: Funds Center, Floor 38, 333 South Wabash
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60604 or by calling the Fund (toll-free) at
(877) 435-8105.
When
the Fund sends financial reports, notices, prospectuses, and other regulatory
materials to shareholders, we attempt to reduce
the
volume of mail you receive by sending one copy of these documents to two or more
account holders who share the same address. This will continue indefinitely,
unless you notify us otherwise. Should you wish to receive individual copies of
materials, please call the Transfer Agent at (877) 435-8105. Once we have
received your instructions, you will begin receiving individual copies for each
account at the same address within 30 days.
Distribution of Fund
Shares
Shares
of the Fund are distributed by Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Quasar” or the
“Distributor”) pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution
Agreement”) between Harding Loevner, the Fund, and Quasar, under which Quasar
serves as the exclusive distributor of the Fund.
The
Fund has agreements with various financial intermediaries under which customers
of these intermediaries may purchase and hold shares of the Portfolios. These
intermediaries assess fees in consideration for providing certain account
maintenance, record keeping and transactional services. In recognition of the
savings of expenses to the Fund arising from the intermediaries’ assumption of
non-distribution related functions that the Fund would otherwise perform, such
as providing sub-accounting and related shareholder services, each Portfolio or
Class (except Institutional Class Z which is not offered in this Prospectus) is
authorized, pursuant to a Shareholder Servicing Plan, to pay to each
intermediary up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets attributable to that
intermediary (subject to any applicable fee waiver and/or expense
reimbursement). Because of the fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements
applicable to the Portfolios during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022,
Harding Loevner paid a portion of the Portfolios’ share of these fees during
that period.
In
addition, Harding Loevner may, at its own expense and out of its own legitimate
profits, provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries that
distribute shares of the Portfolios or provide account maintenance, record
keeping and transactional services. Harding Loevner may also share with
financial advisors and 529 Plan managers and/or administrators certain marketing
expenses or pay for the opportunity to distribute the Portfolios, sponsor
informational meetings, seminars, client awareness events, support for marketing
materials, or business building programs. These payments, sometimes referred to
as “revenue sharing,” do not change the price paid by investors to purchase the
Fund’s shares or the amount the Portfolios receive as proceeds from such sales.
Such payments may differ as to amount among financial intermediaries based on
various factors, including levels of assets and/or sales (based on gross or net
sales) or some other criteria. In some circumstances, the payments may relate to
the Portfolios’ inclusion on a financial intermediary’s preferred list of funds
offered to its clients and may create an incentive for a broker-dealer, or other
financial intermediary, or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of
the Portfolios to its customers over other funds that do not have sponsors
making similar payments. You may wish to consider whether such arrangements
exist when evaluating any recommendations to purchase or sell shares of the
Portfolios. The Fund may enter into additional similar arrangements in the
future. Further information concerning these arrangements is included in the
SAI.
Class Expenses and
Distribution Plan. Investor Class shares
are subject to a 12b-1 (Distribution) fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily
net assets attributed to such shares.
The
Board of Directors has approved a Distribution Plan with respect to the Investor
Class shares. Under the Distribution Plan, the Distributor is entitled to
receive a fee (as set forth above), which the Distributor may in turn allocate
among and remit to selected dealers and others (each, an “Agent”) as
compensation attributable to the assets contributed to the applicable
Investor
Class
by shareholders who are customers of the Agent. Because these fees are paid out
of Investor Class assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase
the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of
sales charges, such as front-end loads that may be charged by other
funds.
Financial Highlights
The
financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Portfolio’s
financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects
financial results for a single share of a Class. The total returns in the table
represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment
in a Class or Portfolio (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions).
This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements, which
have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm,
whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the
annual report, which is incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and the
SAI. Information on how to obtain the semi-annual and audited annual reports for
the Fund is found on the back cover of this Prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Global Equity Portfolio Advisor
Class |
|
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2019 |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, beginning of year |
|
$ |
53.82 |
|
|
$ |
42.41 |
|
|
$ |
35.30 |
|
|
$ |
35.60 |
|
|
$ |
40.78 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase
(Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (loss)(1) |
|
|
(0.11) |
|
|
|
(0.24) |
|
|
|
(0.12) |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and foreign
currency-related transactions |
|
|
(15.60) |
|
|
|
14.29 |
|
|
|
7.33 |
|
|
|
3.43 |
|
|
|
(0.15) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) from investment
operations |
|
|
(15.71) |
|
|
|
14.05 |
|
|
|
7.21 |
|
|
|
3.46 |
|
|
|
(0.08) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Distributions
to Shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net investment income |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.10) |
|
|
|
(0.04) |
|
|
|
(0.08) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net realized gain from investments |
|
|
(7.41) |
|
|
|
(2.64) |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3.72) |
|
|
|
(5.02) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total distributions |
|
|
(7.41) |
|
|
|
(2.64) |
|
|
|
(0.10) |
|
|
|
(3.76) |
|
|
|
(5.10) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, end of year |
|
$ |
30.70 |
|
|
$ |
53.82 |
|
|
$ |
42.41 |
|
|
$ |
35.30 |
|
|
$ |
35.60 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return |
|
|
(33.50)% |
|
|
|
34.28% |
|
|
|
20.47% |
|
|
|
11.60% |
|
|
|
(0.57)% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of year (000’s) |
|
$ |
26,934 |
|
|
$ |
53,483 |
|
|
$ |
53,112 |
|
|
$ |
48,181 |
|
|
$ |
90,567 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets |
|
|
1.05% |
|
|
|
1.09% |
|
|
|
1.11% |
|
|
|
1.12% |
|
|
|
1.14% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets (net of fees waived/reimbursed) |
|
|
1.05% |
|
|
|
1.09% |
|
|
|
1.11% |
|
|
|
1.12% |
|
|
|
1.14% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income (loss) to average net assets |
|
|
(0.30)% |
|
|
|
(0.48)% |
|
|
|
(0.32)% |
|
|
|
0.09% |
|
|
|
0.18% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
|
|
37% |
|
|
|
59% |
|
|
|
63% |
|
|
|
39% |
|
|
|
42% |
|
(1) |
Net
investment income per share was calculated using the average shares
outstanding method. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
International Equity Portfolio
Investor Class |
|
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2019 |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, beginning of year |
|
$ |
30.61 |
|
|
$ |
23.70 |
|
|
$ |
22.66 |
|
|
$ |
20.65 |
|
|
$ |
22.55 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase
(Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(1) |
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.16 |
|
|
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and foreign
currency-related transactions |
|
|
(8.92) |
|
|
|
6.80 |
|
|
|
1.18 |
|
|
|
1.98 |
|
|
|
(1.80) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) from investment
operations |
|
|
(8.59) |
|
|
|
7.04 |
|
|
|
1.34 |
|
|
|
2.20 |
|
|
|
(1.59) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Distributions
to Shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.33) |
|
|
|
(0.13) |
|
|
|
(0.30) |
|
|
|
(0.19) |
|
|
|
(0.13) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net realized gain from investments |
|
|
(0.32) |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.18) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total distributions |
|
|
(0.65) |
|
|
|
(0.13) |
|
|
|
(0.30) |
|
|
|
(0.19) |
|
|
|
(0.31) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, end of year |
|
$ |
21.37 |
|
|
$ |
30.61 |
|
|
$ |
23.70 |
|
|
$ |
22.66 |
|
|
$ |
20.65 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return |
|
|
(28.63)% |
|
|
|
29.74% |
|
|
|
5.91% |
|
|
|
10.79% |
|
|
|
(7.16)% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of year (000’s) |
|
$ |
196,666 |
|
|
$ |
408,864 |
|
|
$ |
337,348 |
|
|
$ |
395,339 |
|
|
$ |
411,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets |
|
|
1.10% |
|
|
|
1.12% |
|
|
|
1.13% |
|
|
|
1.13% |
|
|
|
1.14% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets (net of fees waived/reimbursed) |
|
|
1.10% |
|
|
|
1.12% |
|
|
|
1.13% |
|
|
|
1.13% |
|
|
|
1.14% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income to average net assets |
|
|
1.28% |
|
|
|
0.83% |
|
|
|
0.69% |
|
|
|
1.03% |
|
|
|
0.92% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
|
|
16% |
|
|
|
14% |
|
|
|
17% |
|
|
|
30% |
|
|
|
10% |
|
(1) |
Net
investment income per share was calculated using the average shares
outstanding method. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
International Small Companies
Portfolio Investor
Class |
|
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2019 |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, beginning of year |
|
$ |
22.51 |
|
|
$ |
16.94 |
|
|
$ |
15.48 |
|
|
$ |
15.16 |
|
|
$ |
16.55 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase
(Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(1) |
|
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
— |
(2) |
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and foreign
currency-related transactions |
|
|
(6.99) |
|
|
|
5.58 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
(1.29) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) from investment
operations |
|
|
(6.89) |
|
|
|
5.58 |
|
|
|
1.55 |
|
|
|
1.30 |
|
|
|
(1.19) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Distributions
to Shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.01) |
|
|
|
(0.01) |
|
|
|
(0.09) |
|
|
|
(0.10) |
|
|
|
(0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net realized gain from investments |
|
|
(0.61) |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.88) |
|
|
|
(0.15) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total distributions |
|
|
(0.62) |
|
|
|
(0.01) |
|
|
|
(0.09) |
|
|
|
(0.98) |
|
|
|
(0.20) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, end of year |
|
$ |
15.00 |
|
|
$ |
22.51 |
|
|
$ |
16.94 |
|
|
$ |
15.48 |
|
|
$ |
15.16 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return |
|
|
(31.39)% |
|
|
|
32.84% |
|
|
|
10.07% |
|
|
|
9.82% |
|
|
|
(7.35)% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of year (000’s) |
|
$ |
30,361 |
|
|
$ |
49,757 |
|
|
$ |
39,696 |
|
|
$ |
57,095 |
|
|
$ |
57,912 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets |
|
|
1.44% |
|
|
|
1.50% |
|
|
|
1.67% |
|
|
|
1.70% |
|
|
|
1.75% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets (net of fees waived/reimbursed) |
|
|
1.37% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income to average net assets |
|
|
0.54% |
|
|
|
0.01% |
|
|
|
0.28% |
|
|
|
0.63% |
|
|
|
0.58% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
|
|
24% |
|
|
|
13% |
|
|
|
30% |
|
|
|
37% |
|
|
|
52% |
|
(1) |
Net
investment income per share was calculated using the average shares
outstanding method. |
(2) |
Amount
was less than $0.005 per share. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Emerging Markets Portfolio
Advisor Class |
|
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2019 |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, beginning of year |
|
$ |
66.93 |
|
|
$ |
55.48 |
|
|
$ |
55.65 |
|
|
$ |
48.21 |
|
|
$ |
57.46 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase
(Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(1) |
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
0.12 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and foreign
currency-related transactions |
|
|
(23.60) |
|
|
|
11.55 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
7.28 |
|
|
|
(9.24) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) from investment
operations |
|
|
(23.16) |
|
|
|
11.67 |
|
|
|
0.66 |
|
|
|
7.86 |
|
|
|
(8.82) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Distributions
to Shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.36) |
|
|
|
(0.22) |
|
|
|
(0.83) |
|
|
|
(0.42) |
|
|
|
(0.40) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net realized gain from investments |
|
|
(4.72) |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.03) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total distributions |
|
|
(5.08) |
|
|
|
(0.22) |
|
|
|
(0.83) |
|
|
|
(0.42) |
|
|
|
(0.43) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, end of year |
|
$ |
38.69 |
|
|
$ |
66.93 |
|
|
$ |
55.48 |
|
|
$ |
55.65 |
|
|
$ |
48.21 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return |
|
|
(37.18)% |
|
|
|
21.04% |
|
|
|
1.11% |
|
|
|
16.46% |
|
|
|
(15.47)% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of year (000’s) |
|
$ |
1,397,761 |
|
|
$ |
3,813,331 |
|
|
$ |
3,739,209 |
|
|
$ |
4,274,314 |
|
|
$ |
3,459,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets |
|
|
1.19% |
|
|
|
1.31% |
|
|
|
1.36% |
|
|
|
1.37% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets (net of fees waived/reimbursed) |
|
|
1.19% |
|
|
|
1.28% |
|
|
|
1.36% |
|
|
|
1.37% |
|
|
|
1.40% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income to average net assets |
|
|
0.87% |
|
|
|
0.18% |
|
|
|
0.49% |
|
|
|
1.10% |
|
|
|
0.73% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
|
|
33% |
|
|
|
15% |
|
|
|
18% |
|
|
|
19% |
|
|
|
24% |
|
(1) |
Net
investment income per share was calculated using the average shares
outstanding method. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Frontier Emerging Markets
Portfolio Investor
Class |
|
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2019 |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, beginning of year |
|
$ |
8.92 |
|
|
$ |
6.88 |
|
|
$ |
7.75 |
|
|
$ |
7.57 |
|
|
$ |
8.43 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Increase
(Decrease) in Net Assets from Operations |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income(1) |
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and foreign
currency-related transactions |
|
|
(2.23) |
|
|
|
2.11 |
|
|
|
(0.83) |
|
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
(0.79) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) from investment
operations |
|
|
(2.12) |
|
|
|
2.14 |
|
|
|
(0.75) |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
(0.72) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Distributions
to Shareholders from: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.04) |
|
|
|
(0.10) |
|
|
|
(0.12) |
|
|
|
(0.06) |
|
|
|
(0.14) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net asset
value, end of year |
|
$ |
6.76 |
|
|
$ |
8.92 |
|
|
$ |
6.88 |
|
|
$ |
7.75 |
|
|
$ |
7.57 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return |
|
|
(23.84)% |
|
|
|
31.14% |
|
|
|
(9.70)% |
|
|
|
3.24% |
|
|
|
(8.75)% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
assets, end of year (000’s) |
|
$ |
6,692 |
|
|
$ |
9,542 |
|
|
$ |
10,327 |
|
|
$ |
20,560 |
|
|
$ |
25,388 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets |
|
|
2.15% |
|
|
|
2.14% |
|
|
|
2.12% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
2.06% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Expenses
to average net assets (net of fees waived/reimbursed) |
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
2.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
investment income to average net assets |
|
|
1.45% |
|
|
|
0.35% |
|
|
|
1.17% |
|
|
|
1.38% |
|
|
|
0.87% |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
turnover rate |
|
|
18% |
|
|
|
30% |
|
|
|
21% |
|
|
|
31% |
|
|
|
20% |
|
(1) |
Net
investment income per share was calculated using the average shares
outstanding method. |
Harding, Loevner Funds,
Inc. (The “Fund”)
Privacy Notice
The
Fund collects nonpublic personal information about you from the following
sources:
|
◾ |
|
Information, such as
your name, address, social security number, assets, and income, submitted
by you on applications, forms, or in other written or verbal customer
communications. This information may also be provided by a consultant or
intermediary acting on your behalf. |
|
◾ |
|
Information that results
from any transaction performed by us for you. |
The
Fund will not disclose any nonpublic personal information about you or its
former customers to anyone except as permitted or required by law.
If
you decide to close your account(s) or become an inactive customer, the Fund
will adhere to the privacy policies and practices as described in this
notice.
The
Fund restricts access to your personal and account information to only those
employees who need to know that information to provide products or services to
you. The Fund maintains physical, administrative and technical safeguards to
protect your nonpublic personal information.
[This
page is not part of the Prospectus]
Availability of Additional Information About the Fund The
SAI, dated February 28, 2023, as may be supplemented thereafter, containing
additional information about the Fund and each Portfolio, has been filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ‘‘Commission’’) and is incorporated
by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about each Portfolio’s
investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to
shareholders. In the Fund’s annual report, you will find a discussion of the
market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each
Portfolio’s performance during its last fiscal year. To order free copies of the
Fund’s annual or semi-annual report or its SAI, to request other information
about the Fund and to make general shareholder inquiries, call (toll free)
1(877)435-8105, or write to the following address: Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
c/o The Northern Trust Company P.O. Box 4766 Chicago, Illinois 60680-4766 The
SAI and the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports are also available free of
charge on Harding Loevner’s website at hardingloevnerfunds.com. Reports and
other information about the Fund are also available on the EDGAR database on the
Commission’s Internet site at SEC.gov or by electronic request at the following
e-mail address: [email protected]. A duplication fee will be applied to written
requests and needs to be paid at the time your request is submitted. Investment
Company Act ?le number 811-07739 Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. c/o Northern Trust
Attn: Funds Center, Floor 38 333 South Wabash Avenue Chicago, IL 60604
(877) 435-8105 www.hardingloevnerfunds.com