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Prospectus
October 1, 2021
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF
NYSE Arca, Inc.: ASHR
 

Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF
NYSE Arca, Inc.: ASHX
 

Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
NYSE Arca, Inc.: ASHS
 

Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF
NYSE Arca, Inc.: CN
The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

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Your investment in a fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity or person.


Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF
Ticker: ASHR
Stock Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc.
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the CSI 300 Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Fees and Expenses
These are the fees and expenses that you will pay when you buy, hold and sell shares. You may also pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries on the purchase and sale of shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table and example below.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fee
0.65
Other Expenses
None
Total annual fund operating expenses
0.65
EXAMPLE
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of shares of the fund. It also does not include the transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units (defined herein), because those fees will not be
imposed on retail investors. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
 
$ 66
$ 208
$ 362
$810
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may mean higher taxes if you are investing in a taxable account. These costs are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example, and can affect the fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 78% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investments results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expense, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to reflect the price fluctuation and performance of the China A-Share market and is composed of the 300 largest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. The Underlying Index includes small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap stocks. DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Shanghai - Hong Kong and Shenzhen - Hong
Prospectus October 1, 2021 1 Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF

Kong Stock Connect programs (“Stock Connect”) and the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program.
Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota that limits total purchases through Stock Connect.
Harvest Global Investments Limited (the “Subadvisor” or “HGI”) is a licensed RQFII and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC, and the fund may therefore invest in A-Shares via HGI’s QFI license. The Subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, thus also may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. QFIs have also registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The Subadvisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Subadvisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Subadvisor to acquire component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Subadvisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based
on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Subadvisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the Subadvisor’s QFI license. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor and/or Subadvisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese issuers. The fund may invest in depositary receipts.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 300 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $24.65 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $3.56 billion. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every June and December. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the financials (22.6%) and information technology (17.3%) sectors. The financials sector includes companies involved in banking, consumer finance, asset management and custody banks, as well as investment banking and brokerage and insurance. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in developing software and providing data processing and outsourced services, along with manufacturing and distributing communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment and instruments. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
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The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
Shares of the fund are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by CSI or any affiliate of CSI and CSI bears no liability with respect to the fund or any security.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective, as well as numerous other risks that are described in greater detail in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About Fund Strategies, Underlying Index Information and Risks” and in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Special risk considerations relating to investments in A-Shares. The Advisor’s ability to achieve the fund’s investment objective by investing in the component securities of the Underlying Index is dependent on the continuous availability of A-Shares. Because the fund will not be able to invest directly in A-Shares beyond the limits that may be imposed by Stock Connect and/or the QFI program, the size of the fund’s direct investment in A-Shares may be limited. If the fund is unable to access sufficient A-Shares, the Subadvisor may seek to gain exposure to the A-Share market by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including foreign and/or affiliated funds, that provide exposure to the A-Share market until additional access can be obtained. If the fund is unable to obtain sufficient exposure to the performance of the Underlying Index due to the unavailability of access to A-Shares or other investments that provide exposure to the performance of A-Shares, the fund could, among other actions, limit or suspend creations until the Subadvisor determines that the requisite exposure to the Underlying Index is obtainable. During the period that creations are limited or suspended, the fund could trade at a significant premium or discount to the NAV and could experience substantial redemptions. Alternatively, the fund could change its investment objective by, for example, seeking to track an alternative index that does not include A-Shares as its component securities, or decide to liquidate the fund.
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On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to the Daily Quota, which may restrict or preclude the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”). In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, Stock Connect A-Shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Finally, while foreign investors currently are exempted from paying capital gains or value-added taxes on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund.
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A-Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Special risk considerations of investing in China. Investing in securities of Chinese issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of US issuers, including, among others, (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread) trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii) the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets (including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers), whether such intervention will continue and the impact of such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers (or action by the Chinese government that discourages brokers from serving international clients), (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) higher market volatility caused by any potential regional territorial conflicts or natural disasters, (x) the risk of increased trade tariffs, embargoes and other trade or regulatory limitations, (xi) restrictions on foreign ownership, which require US investors to invest in offshore special purpose companies to obtain indirect exposure to Chinese issuers, (xii) custody risks associated with investing through Stock Connect, a QFI or other programs to access the Chinese securities markets, (xiii) both interim and permanent market regulations which may affect the ability of certain stockholders to sell Chinese securities when it would otherwise be advisable, (xiv) different and less stringent financial reporting standards, and (xv) increased political pressure from the US and other countries to restrict the ability of investors outside China to invest in Chinese issuers.
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From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund or Underlying Fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of the Shanghai – Hong Kong and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect programs, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares through Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value- added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor’s or Subadvisor’s QFI license become subject to repatriation restrictions or delays, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such
restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of the fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value-added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to the fund and its shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), the fund or Underlying Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s or Underlying Fund’s return could be substantial. The fund will be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
As described below under “Taxes – US Federal Income Tax on Distributions,” the fund may elect, for US federal income tax purposes, to treat Chinese taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the fund as paid by its shareholders. Even if the fund is qualified to make that election and does so, however, your ability to claim a credit or deduction for certain Chinese taxes may be limited under general US tax principles.
In addition, to the extent the fund invests in swaps and other derivative instruments, such investments may be less tax-efficient from a US tax perspective than direct investment in A-Shares and may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the
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fund. Also the fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in those instruments to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares.
Should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investment in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Code, and the fund may therefore be subject to fund-level US federal taxes.
Risks relating to QFI status. Because the fund does not satisfy the criteria to qualify as a QFI itself, the fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via the Subadvisor’s QFI license and may also invest through Stock Connect. A revocation or elimination of the Subadvisor’s QFI license may not only adversely affect the ability of the fund to invest directly in A-Shares, but also the willingness of swap counterparties to engage in swaps and the performance of pooled investment vehicles linked to the performance of A-Shares. Therefore, any such revocation or elimination may have a material adverse effect on the ability of the fund to achieve its investment objective. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of firms and counterparties that have QFI status. In addition, the QFI license may be revoked by Chinese regulators if, among other things, the Subadvisor fails to observe SAFE and other applicable Chinese regulations, which could also lead to other adverse consequences, including the requirement that the fund dispose of its A-Shares holdings. Because the Subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund. There can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to invest in appropriate futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and the PRC government may at times restrict the ability of firms regulated in the PRC to make such instruments available.
In addition, there are custody risks associated with investing through a QFI. All A-Shares or other permissible securities acquired by a QFI are maintained by its local custodian in the PRC (“PRC sub-custodian”) in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in the PRC, in one or more securities accounts in the names of the fund and the Subadvisor as the QFI. The Subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Subadvisor and not the fund, and that a
court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Furthermore, cash deposited in the cash account of the fund with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash that belongs to other clients or creditors of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in such cash account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. The fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
Depositary receipt risk. Depositary receipts involve similar risks to those associated with investments in securities of non-US issuers. Depositary receipts also may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market.
Derivatives risk. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the fund. The use of derivatives by the fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements.
Counterparty risk. A financial institution or other counterparty with whom the fund does business, or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts that the fund owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial health and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause losses for the fund or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the fund.
Currency and repatriation risk. The Underlying Index is calculated in onshore RMB (CNY), whereas the fund’s reference currency is the US dollar. As a result, the fund’s return may be adversely affected by currency exchange rates. Further, although offshore RMB and onshore RMB are the same currency, they trade at different rates. To the extent the fund needs to exchange offshore RMB and onshore RMB, any divergence between offshore RMB and onshore RMB may adversely impact shareholders. The value of the US dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include:
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interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, global energy prices, political instability and government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currencies by a country’s government.
In addition, the Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Chinese law requires that all domestic transactions must be settled in RMB, places significant restrictions on the remittance of foreign currencies, and strictly regulates currency exchange from RMB. There is no assurance that there will always be sufficient amounts of RMB for the fund to remain fully invested. Repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Subadvisor’s control. However, there is no assurance that Chinese rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Further, such changes to the Chinese rules and regulations may be applied retroactively. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s portfolio investments may have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Financials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the financials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the financials sector. The financials sector is subject to extensive government regulation, can be subject to relatively rapid change due to increasingly blurred distinctions between service segments, and can be significantly
affected by the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition.
Information technology sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the information technology sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the information technology sector. Information technology companies are particularly vulnerable to government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Information technology companies also face competition for services of qualified personnel. Additionally, the products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological development and frequent new product introduction by competitors. Finally, information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF

on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a
representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or Subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the Subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units (defined below), the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. If market makers exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF

delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). Further, while the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in market prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. In addition, the securities held by the fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than the exchange on which the fund’s shares trade. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. The bid/ask spread of the fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with the fund.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means that the fund may invest in securities of relatively few issuers. Thus, the performance of one or a small number of portfolio holdings can affect overall performance.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike most other ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the fund to dispose of or sell portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds at an inopportune time. This may cause the fund to recognize gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made a redemption in- kind. As a result, the fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in kind. Only APs who have entered into an agreement with the fund’s distributor may redeem shares from the fund directly; all other investors buy and sell shares at market prices on an exchange.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF

Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Small and medium-sized company risk. Small and medium-sized company stocks tend to be more volatile than large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow medium-sized companies, less information about them is available to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on small and medium-sized companies, since they lack the financial resources of larger companies. Small and medium-sized company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Portfolio turnover risk. The fund may experience frequent portfolio turnover due to the reconstituting and rebalancing of the Underlying Index. A portfolio turnover rate of 200%, for example, is equivalent to the fund buying and selling all of its securities two times during the course of the year. A high portfolio turnover rate could result in high brokerage costs.
Past Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the fund by showing changes in the fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the fund’s average annual returns compare with those of the Underlying Index and a broad measure of market performance.The fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the fund’s website at Xtrackers.com (the website does not form a part of this prospectus).
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURNS(%)
 
Returns
Period ending
Best Quarter
42.10%
December 31, 2014
Worst Quarter
-30.92%
September 30, 2015
Year-to-Date
0.99%
June 30, 2021
Average Annual Total Returns
(For periods ended 12/31/2020 expressed as a %)
All after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of any state or local tax. Your own actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from what is shown here. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the fund in tax-deferred accounts such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or employee-sponsored retirement plans.
 
Inception Date
1
Year
5
Years
Since
Inception
Returns before tax
11/6/2013
37.42
8.46
11.66
After tax on distribu-
tions
 
37.28
8.34
10.14
After tax on distribu-
tions and sale of fund
shares
 
22.46
6.73
8.76
CSI 300 Index (reflects
no deductions for fees,
expenses or taxes)
 
38.26
8.87
12.57
MSCI ACWI ex USA
Index (reflects no deduc-
tions for fees, expenses
or taxes)
 
10.65
8.93
5.02
Management
Investment Advisor
DBX Advisors LLC
Subadvisor
Harvest Global Investments Limited
Portfolio Managers
Kevin Sung, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Tom Chan, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Hubert Shek, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2020.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The fund is an exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual fund shares may only be purchased and sold through a brokerage firm. The price of fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or less than NAV (a discount). The fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to APs who have entered into agreements with ALPS Distributors, Inc., the fund’s distributor. You may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF

of the fund (ask) when buying or selling shares (the “bid-ask spread”). Information on the fund’s net asset value, market price, premiums and discounts and bid-ask spreads may be found at Xtrackers.com.
Tax Information
The fund's distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k), or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any withdrawals you make from such tax- advantaged investment plans, however, may be taxable to you.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Advisor or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms and/or reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF


Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF
Ticker: ASHX
Stock Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc.
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the MSCI China A Inclusion Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Fees and Expenses
These are the fees and expenses that you will pay when you buy, hold and sell shares. You may also pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries on the purchase and sale of shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table and example below.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fee
0.60
Other Expenses
None
Total annual fund operating expenses
0.60
EXAMPLE
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of shares of the fund. It also does not include the transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units (defined herein), because those fees will not be
imposed on retail investors. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
 
$ 61
$ 192
$ 335
$750
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may mean higher taxes if you are investing in a taxable account. These costs are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example, and can affect the fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 33% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to track the equity market performance of China A-Shares that are accessible through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shanghai Connect”) or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shenzhen Connect,” and together with Shanghai Connect, “Stock Connect”). “A-Shares” are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated in renminbi (“RMB”). Certain eligible A-Shares are traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) or Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The Underlying Index is designed to track the inclusion of A-Shares in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index over time and is constructed by MSCI, Inc. (the “Index Provider” or “MSCI”) by applying eligibility criteria for the MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes (“GIMI”), and then excluding small-capitalization A-Shares (as determined by MSCI), A-Shares suspended for trading for more than 50 days in the past 12 months and A-Shares that are not
Prospectus October 1, 2021 12 Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF

accessible through Stock Connect. The Underlying Index is weighted by each issuer’s free float-adjusted market capitalization (i.e., includes only shares that are readily available for trading in the market) available to foreign investors and includes only large-capitalization companies, as determined by MSCI. The fund intends to invest in A-Shares included in the Underlying Index primarily through Stock Connect. Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”) and Hong Kong. Stock Connect was developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, the SSE (in the case of Shanghai Connect) or the SZSE (in the case of Shenzhen Connect), and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). Under Stock Connect, the fund’s trading of eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE or the SZSE, as applicable, would be effectuated through DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”). Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect, and as such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota is not specific to the fund, but to all investors investing through the Stock Connect. From time to time, other stock exchanges in China may participate in Stock Connect, and A-Shares listed and traded on such other stock exchanges and accessible through Stock Connect may be added to the Underlying Index, as determined by MSCI.
Under current regulations in China, foreign investors can also invest in the PRC’s domestic securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) in order to participate in the program. QFIs will also need to register with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect, but, in the future, may also utilize a QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor subsequently appointed for the fund. In the event the Advisor obtains a QFI license, or appoints a
subadvisor that has such license, under certain circumstances, including when the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect is restricted as a result of the Daily Quota or otherwise, the Advisor and/or a subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the SSE and SZSE through the QFI program. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota of Stock Connect through the QFI program.
The Advisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Advisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Advisor to acquire component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Advisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Advisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities (including depositary receipts in respect of such securities) of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via Stock Connect and, in the future, may also utilize any QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), whether or not managed by the Advisor, as well as foreign investment companies, that the Advisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese issuers.
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Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF

As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 474 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $3.99 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $405 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly in February, May, August and November. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the financials (18.44%) and consumer staples (15.74%) sectors. The financials sector includes companies involved in banking, consumer finance, asset management and custody banks, as well as investment banking and brokerage and insurance. The consumer staples sector includes companies whose businesses are less sensitive to economic cycles, such as manufacturers and distributors of food, beverages and producers of non-durable household goods and personal products. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
The fund or securities referred to herein are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by MSCI, and MSCI bears no liability with respect to the fund or securities or any index on which the fund or securities are based.
Securities lending. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for other purposes. In connection with such loans, the fund receives liquid collateral equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities being lent. This collateral is marked to market on a daily basis. The fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield,
total return and ability to meet its investment objective, as well as numerous other risks that are described in greater detail in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About Fund Strategies, Underlying Index Information and Risks” and in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of
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Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF

the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Special risk considerations relating to investments in A-Shares. The Advisor’s ability to achieve its investment objective by investing in the component securities of the Underlying Index is dependent on the continuous availability of A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect, but, in the future, may also utilize a QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor. Because the fund will not be able to invest directly in A-Shares beyond the Daily Quota to which Stock Connect is subject, the size of the fund’s direct investment in A-Shares may be limited. If the Daily Quota is or becomes inadequate to meet the investment needs of the fund or if the Advisor and/or subadvisor becomes unable to maintain its QFI status, the Advisor may seek to gain exposure to the A-Share market by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including foreign and/or affiliated funds, that provide exposure to the A-Share market until the Daily Quota accommodates the fund’s investment needs. A revocation in or elimination of the QFI license, or constraints of the Daily Quota, may not only adversely affect the ability of the fund to invest directly in A-Shares, but also the willingness of swap counterparties to engage in swaps and the performance of pooled investment vehicles linked to the performance of A-Shares. Therefore, any such revocation or elimination of the QFI license or the constraints of the Daily Quota may have a material adverse effect on the ability of the fund to achieve its investment objective.
These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of firms and counterparties that have QFI status. In addition, a QFI license may be revoked by Chinese regulators if, among other things, the Advisor and/or a subadvisor fails to observe SAFE and other applicable Chinese regulations, which could also lead to other adverse consequences, including the requirement that the fund dispose of its A-Shares holdings. Because the Advisor’s and/or a subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Advisor and/or a subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund. There can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to invest in appropriate futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and the PRC government may at times restrict the ability of firms regulated in the PRC to make such instruments
available. In addition, there are custody risks associated with investing through a QFI. All A-Shares or other permissible securities acquired by a QFI are maintained by its local custodian in the PRC (“PRC sub-custodian”) in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in the PRC, in one or more securities accounts in the names of the fund and the Advisor and/or a subadvisor as the QFI. The Advisor and/or a subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Advisor and/or a subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Furthermore, cash deposited in the cash account of the fund with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash that belongs to other clients or creditors of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in such cash account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. The fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
If the fund is unable to obtain sufficient exposure to the performance of the Underlying Index due to the limited availability of the Daily Quota or other investments that provide exposure to the performance of A-Shares, the fund could, among other actions, limit or suspend creations until the Advisor determines that the requisite exposure to the Underlying Index is obtainable. During the period that creations are limited or suspended, the fund could trade at a significant premium or discount to the NAV and could experience substantial redemptions. Alternatively, the fund could change its investment objective by, for example, seeking to track an alternative index that does not include A-Shares as its component securities, or decide to liquidate the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued
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the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund, which may in the future invest in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to the Daily Quota, which may restrict or preclude the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”). In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, Stock Connect A-Shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Finally, while foreign investors currently are exempted from paying capital gains or value-added taxes on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund.
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A-Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Special risk considerations of investing in China. Investing in securities of Chinese issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of US issuers, including, among others, (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread) trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii) the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets (including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers), whether such intervention will continue and the impact of such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers (or action by the Chinese government that discourages brokers from serving international clients), (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) higher market volatility caused by any potential regional territorial conflicts or natural disasters, (x) the risk of increased trade tariffs, embargoes and other trade or regulatory limitations, (xi) restrictions on foreign ownership, which require US investors to invest in offshore special purpose companies to obtain indirect exposure to Chinese issuers, (xii) custody risks associated with investing through Stock Connect, a QFI or other programs to access the Chinese securities markets, (xiii) both interim and permanent market regulations which may affect the ability of certain stockholders to sell Chinese securities when it would otherwise be advisable, (xiv) different and less stringent financial reporting standards, and (xv) increased political pressure from the US and other countries to restrict the ability of investors outside China to invest in Chinese issuers.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or
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quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund or Underlying Fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of the Shanghai – Hong Kong and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect programs, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares through Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value- added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor’s or subadvisor’s QFI license become subject to repatriation restrictions or delays, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the
possible liability of the fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value-added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to the fund and its shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), the fund or Underlying Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s or Underlying Fund’s return could be substantial. The fund will be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
As described below under “Taxes – US Federal Income Tax on Distributions,” the fund may elect, for US federal income tax purposes, to treat Chinese taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the fund as paid by its shareholders. Even if the fund is qualified to make that election and does so, however, your ability to claim a credit or deduction for certain Chinese taxes may be limited under general US tax principles.
In addition, to the extent the fund invests in swaps and other derivative instruments, such investments may be less tax-efficient from a US tax perspective than direct investment in A-Shares and may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the fund. Also the fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in those instruments to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares.
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Should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investment in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Code, and the fund may therefore be subject to fund-level US federal taxes.
Depositary receipt risk. Depositary receipts involve similar risks to those associated with investments in securities of non-US issuers. Depositary receipts also may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market.
Derivatives risk. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the fund. The use of derivatives by the fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements.
Counterparty risk. A financial institution or other counterparty with whom the fund does business, or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts that the fund owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial health and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause losses for the fund or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the fund.
Currency and repatriation risk. The Underlying Index is calculated in onshore RMB (CNY), whereas the fund’s reference currency is the US dollar. As a result, the fund’s return may be adversely affected by currency exchange rates. Further, although offshore RMB and onshore RMB are the same currency, they trade at different rates. To the extent the fund needs to exchange offshore RMB and onshore RMB, any divergence between offshore RMB and onshore RMB may adversely impact shareholders. The value of the US dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, global energy prices, political instability and government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currencies by a country’s government.
In addition, the Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Chinese law requires that all domestic transactions must be settled in RMB, places significant restrictions on the remittance of foreign currencies, and strictly regulates currency exchange from RMB. There is no assurance that there will always be sufficient amounts of RMB for the fund to remain fully invested. Repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Advisor and/or a subadvisor’s control. However, there is no assurance that Chinese rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Further, such changes to the Chinese rules and regulations may be applied retroactively. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s portfolio investments may have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Financials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the financials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the financials sector. The financials sector is subject to extensive government regulation, can be subject to relatively rapid change due to increasingly blurred distinctions between service segments, and can be significantly affected by the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition.
Consumer staples sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the consumer staples sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the consumer staples sector. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by
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changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector are also affected by changes in government regulation, global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions and the depletion of resources. In addition, companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the
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Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units (defined below), the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. If market makers exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). Further, while the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in market prices that differ significantly
from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. In addition, the securities held by the fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than the exchange on which the fund’s shares trade. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. The bid/ask spread of the fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with the fund.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may
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emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means that the fund may invest in securities of relatively few issuers. Thus, the performance of one or a small number of portfolio holdings can affect overall performance.
If the fund becomes classified as “diversified” over time and again becomes non-diversified as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track, non-diversification risk would apply.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike most other ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the fund to dispose of or sell portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds at an inopportune time. This may cause the fund to recognize gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made a redemption in- kind. As a result, the fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in kind. Only APs who have entered into an agreement with the fund’s distributor may redeem shares from the fund directly; all other investors buy and sell shares at market prices on an exchange.
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and
changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk that the fund may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The fund could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of the collateral provided for the loaned securities, or a decline in the value of any investments made with cash collateral or even a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially while holding the securities.
Past Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the fund by showing changes in the fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the fund’s average annual returns compare with those of the Underlying Index and a broad measure of market performance.The fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the fund’s website at Xtrackers.com (the website does not form a part of this prospectus).
Prior to June 4, 2018, the fund operated with a different investment strategy. Performance would have been different if the fund’s current investment strategy had been in effect. Fund returns prior to June 4, 2018 reflect those of the fund when it was tracking the prior underlying index.
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURNS(%)
 
Returns
Period ending
Best Quarter
29.75%
March 31, 2019
Worst Quarter
-14.03%
March 31, 2016
Year-to-Date
4.28%
June 30, 2021
Average Annual Total Returns
(For periods ended 12/31/2020 expressed as a %)
All after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of any state or local tax. Your own actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from what is shown here. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the fund in
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21
Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF

tax-deferred accounts such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or employee-sponsored retirement plans.
 
Inception Date
1
Year
5
Years
Since
Inception
Returns before tax
10/20/2015
42.22
8.24
8.76
After tax on distribu-
tions
 
42.38
6.54
6.97
After tax on distribu-
tions and sale of fund
shares
 
25.61
5.65
6.08
MSCI China A Inclusion
Index (reflects no deduc-
tions for fees, expenses
or taxes)
 
43.20
7.29
7.95
MSCI ACWI ex USA
Index (reflects no deduc-
tions for fees, expenses
or taxes)
 
10.65
8.93
7.75
Effective June 4, 2018, the fund changed its underlying index to the MSCI China A Inclusion Index from the CSI 300 USD Hedged Index. Returns shown above for the MSCI China A Inclusion Index prior to June 4, 2018 reflect the performance of the CSI 300 USD Hedged Index.
Management
Investment Advisor
DBX Advisors LLC
Portfolio Managers
Bryan Richards, CFA, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Head of Portfolio Engineering, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2015.
Patrick Dwyer, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Senior Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2016.
Shlomo Bassous, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2017.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The fund is an exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual fund shares may only be purchased and sold through a brokerage firm. The price of fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or less than NAV (a discount). The fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to
APs who have entered into agreements with ALPS Distributors, Inc., the fund’s distributor. You may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the fund (ask) when buying or selling shares (the “bid-ask spread”). Information on the fund’s net asset value, market price, premiums and discounts and bid-ask spreads may be found at Xtrackers.com.
Tax Information
The fund's distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k), or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any withdrawals you make from such tax- advantaged investment plans, however, may be taxable to you.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Advisor or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms and/or reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF


Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
Ticker: ASHS
Stock Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc.
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the CSI 500 Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Fees and Expenses
These are the fees and expenses that you will pay when you buy, hold and sell shares. You may also pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries on the purchase and sale of shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table and example below.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fee
0.65
Other Expenses
None
Total annual fund operating expenses
0.65
EXAMPLE
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of shares of the fund. It also does not include the transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units (defined herein), because those fees will not be
imposed on retail investors. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
 
$ 66
$ 208
$ 362
$810
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may mean higher taxes if you are investing in a taxable account. These costs are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example, and can affect the fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 34% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to reflect the price fluctuation and performance of small-cap companies in the China A-Share market and is composed of the 500 smallest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Shanghai - Hong Kong and Shenzhen - Hong Kong Stock Connect programs (“Stock Connect”) and the
Prospectus October 1, 2021 23 Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program.
Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota that limits total purchases through Stock Connect.
Harvest Global Investments Limited (“HGI” or the “Subadvisor”) is a licensed RQFII and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC, and the fund may therefore invest in A-Shares via HGI's QFI license. The Subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, thus also may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. QFIs have registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The Subadvisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Subadvisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Subadvisor to acquire component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Subadvisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry
weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Subadvisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the Subadvisor’s QFI license. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor and/or Subadvisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese small-cap issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese small-cap issuers. The fund may invest in depositary receipts.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 500 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $3.43 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $680 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every December and June. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the basic materials (22.8%), industrials (18.6%) and information technology (18.3%) sectors. The basic materials sector includes companies that manufacture chemicals, construction materials, glass and paper products, as well as metals, minerals and mining companies. The industrials sector includes companies engaged in the manufacture and distribution of capital goods, such as those used in defense, construction and engineering, companies that manufacture and distribute electrical equipment and industrial machinery and those that provide commercial and transportation services and supplies. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in developing software and providing data processing and outsourced
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

services, along with manufacturing and distributing communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment and instruments. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
Shares of the fund are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by CSI or any affiliate of CSI and CSI bears no liability with respect to the fund or any security.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective, as well as numerous other risks that are described in greater detail in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About Fund Strategies, Underlying Index Information and Risks” and in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose
money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Special risk considerations relating to investments in A-Shares. The Advisor’s ability to achieve the fund’s investment objective by investing in the component securities of the Underlying Index is dependent on the continuous availability of A-Shares. Because the fund will not be able to invest directly in A-Shares beyond the limits that may be imposed by Stock Connect and/or the QFI program, the size of the fund’s direct investment in A-Shares may be limited. If the fund is unable to access sufficient A-Shares, the Subadvisor may seek to gain exposure to the A-Share market by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including foreign and/or affiliated funds, that provide exposure to the A-Share market until additional access can be obtained. If the fund is unable to obtain sufficient exposure to the performance of the Underlying Index due to the unavailability of access to A-Shares or other investments that provide exposure to the performance of A-Shares, the fund could, among other actions, limit or suspend creations until the Subadvisor determines that the requisite exposure to the Underlying Index is obtainable. During the period that creations are limited or suspended, the fund could trade at a significant premium or discount to the NAV and could experience substantial redemptions.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

Alternatively, the fund could change its investment objective by, for example, seeking to track an alternative index that does not include A-Shares as its component securities, or decide to liquidate the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to the Daily Quota, which may restrict or preclude the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”). In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, Stock Connect A-Shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Finally, while foreign investors currently are exempted from paying capital gains or value-added taxes on income
and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund.
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A-Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Special risk considerations of investing in China. Investing in securities of Chinese issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of US issuers, including, among others, (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread) trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii) the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets (including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers), whether such intervention will continue and the impact of such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers (or action by the Chinese government that discourages brokers from serving international clients), (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) higher market volatility caused by any potential regional territorial conflicts or natural disasters, (x) the risk of increased trade tariffs, embargoes and other trade or regulatory limitations, (xi) restrictions on foreign ownership, which require US investors to invest in offshore special purpose companies to obtain indirect exposure to Chinese issuers, (xii) custody risks associated with investing through Stock Connect, a QFI or other programs to access the Chinese securities markets, (xiii) both interim and permanent market regulations which may affect the ability of certain stockholders to sell Chinese securities when it would otherwise be advisable, (xiv) different and less stringent financial reporting standards, and (xv) increased
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

political pressure from the US and other countries to restrict the ability of investors outside China to invest in Chinese issuers.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund or Underlying Fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of the Shanghai – Hong Kong and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect programs, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares through Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value- added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor’s or Subadvisor’s QFI license become subject to repatriation restrictions or delays, the fund may be unable to satisfy
distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of the fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value-added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to the fund and its shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), the fund or Underlying Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s or Underlying Fund’s return could be substantial. The fund will be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
As described below under “Taxes – US Federal Income Tax on Distributions,” the fund may elect, for US federal income tax purposes, to treat Chinese taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the fund as paid by its shareholders. Even if the fund is qualified to make that election and does so, however, your ability to claim a credit or deduction for certain Chinese taxes may be limited under general US tax principles.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

In addition, to the extent the fund invests in swaps and other derivative instruments, such investments may be less tax-efficient from a US tax perspective than direct investment in A-Shares and may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the fund. Also the fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in those instruments to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares.
Should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investment in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Code, and the fund may therefore be subject to fund-level US federal taxes.
Risks relating to QFI status. Because the fund does not satisfy the criteria to qualify as a QFI itself, the fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via the Subadvisor’s QFI license and may also invest through Stock Connect. A revocation or elimination of the Subadvisor’s QFI license may not only adversely affect the ability of the fund to invest directly in A-Shares, but also the willingness of swap counterparties to engage in swaps and the performance of pooled investment vehicles linked to the performance of A-Shares. Therefore, any such revocation or elimination may have a material adverse effect on the ability of the fund to achieve its investment objective. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of firms and counterparties that have QFI status. In addition, the QFI license may be revoked by Chinese regulators if, among other things, the Subadvisor fails to observe SAFE and other applicable Chinese regulations, which could also lead to other adverse consequences, including the requirement that the fund dispose of its A-Shares holdings. Because the Subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund. There can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to invest in appropriate futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and the PRC government may at times restrict the ability of firms regulated in the PRC to make such instruments available.
In addition, there are custody risks associated with investing through a QFI. All A-Shares or other permissible securities acquired by a QFI are maintained by its local custodian in the PRC (“PRC sub-custodian”) in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in the PRC, in one or more securities accounts in the names of the fund and the Subadvisor as the QFI. The Subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were
possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Furthermore, cash deposited in the cash account of the fund with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash that belongs to other clients or creditors of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in such cash account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. The fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
Depositary receipt risk. Depositary receipts involve similar risks to those associated with investments in securities of non-US issuers. Depositary receipts also may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market.
Derivatives risk. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the fund. The use of derivatives by the fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements.
Counterparty risk. A financial institution or other counterparty with whom the fund does business, or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts that the fund owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial health and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause losses for the fund or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the fund.
Currency and repatriation risk. The Underlying Index is calculated in onshore RMB (CNY), whereas the fund’s reference currency is the US dollar. As a result, the fund’s return may be adversely affected by currency exchange rates. Further, although offshore RMB and onshore RMB are the same currency, they trade at different rates. To the extent the fund needs to exchange offshore RMB and
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

onshore RMB, any divergence between offshore RMB and onshore RMB may adversely impact shareholders. The value of the US dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, global energy prices, political instability and government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currencies by a country’s government.
In addition, the Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Chinese law requires that all domestic transactions must be settled in RMB, places significant restrictions on the remittance of foreign currencies, and strictly regulates currency exchange from RMB. There is no assurance that there will always be sufficient amounts of RMB for the fund to remain fully invested. Repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Subadvisor’s control. However, there is no assurance that Chinese rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Further, such changes to the Chinese rules and regulations may be applied retroactively. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s portfolio investments may have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Basic materials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the basic materials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in the production and distribution of basic materials may be
adversely affected by changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation, environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations.
Industrials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the industrials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and exchange rates.
Information technology sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the information technology sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the information technology sector. Information technology companies are particularly vulnerable to government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Information technology companies also face competition for services of qualified personnel. Additionally, the products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological development and frequent new product introduction by competitors. Finally, information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes
in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or Subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the Subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result,
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units (defined below), the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. If market makers exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). Further, while the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in market prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. In addition, the securities held by the fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than the exchange on which the fund’s shares trade. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. The bid/ask spread of the fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with the fund.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may
cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means that the fund may invest in securities of relatively few issuers. Thus, the performance of one or a small number of portfolio holdings can affect overall performance.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike most other ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the fund to dispose of or sell portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds at an inopportune time.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

This may cause the fund to recognize gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made a redemption in- kind. As a result, the fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in kind. Only APs who have entered into an agreement with the fund’s distributor may redeem shares from the fund directly; all other investors buy and sell shares at market prices on an exchange.
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Small company risk. Small company stocks tend to be more volatile than medium-sized or large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow small companies, less information about them is available to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on small companies, since they may lack the financial resources of larger companies. Small company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Past Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the fund by showing changes in the fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the fund’s average annual returns compare with those of the Underlying Index and a broad measure of market performance.The fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the fund’s website at Xtrackers.com (the website does not form a part of this prospectus).
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURNS(%)
 
Returns
Period ending
Best Quarter
36.43%
March 31, 2015
Worst Quarter
-38.15%
September 30, 2015
Year-to-Date
7.85%
June 30, 2021
Average Annual Total Returns
(For periods ended 12/31/2020 expressed as a %)
All after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of any state or local tax. Your own actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from what is shown here. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the fund in tax-deferred accounts such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or employee-sponsored retirement plans.
 
Inception Date
1
Year
5
Years
Since
Inception
Returns before tax
5/21/2014
29.59
-3.07
7.00
After tax on distribu-
tions
 
29.64
-3.08
6.45
After tax on distribu-
tions and sale of fund
shares
 
17.80
-2.27
5.38
CSI 500 Index (reflects
no deductions for fees,
expenses or taxes)
 
30.25
-2.74
8.67
MSCI ACWI ex USA
Index (reflects no deduc-
tions for fees, expenses
or taxes)
 
10.65
8.93
4.72
Management
Investment Advisor
DBX Advisors LLC
Subadvisor
Harvest Global Investments Limited
Portfolio Managers
Kevin Sung, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Tom Chan, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Hubert Shek, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2020.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The fund is an exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual fund shares may only be purchased and sold through a brokerage firm. The price of fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or less than NAV (a discount). The fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to APs who have entered into agreements with ALPS Distributors, Inc., the fund’s distributor. You may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF

of the fund (ask) when buying or selling shares (the “bid-ask spread”). Information on the fund’s net asset value, market price, premiums and discounts and bid-ask spreads may be found at Xtrackers.com.
Tax Information
The fund's distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k), or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any withdrawals you make from such tax- advantaged investment plans, however, may be taxable to you.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Advisor or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms and/or reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF


Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF
Ticker: CN
Stock Exchange: NYSE Arca, Inc.
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the MSCI China All Shares Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Fees and Expenses
These are the fees and expenses that you will pay when you buy, hold and sell shares. You may also pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries on the purchase and sale of shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table and example below.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fee
0.50
Other Expenses
None
Acquired funds fees and expenses1
0.25
Total annual fund operating expenses
0.75
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement
0.25
Total annual fund operating expenses after fee waiver
0.50
1 “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” reflect the fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses incurred by investing primarily in Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF (the “Underlying Fund”) and any other exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) advised by DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”). The impact of Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses is included in the total returns of the fund. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not used to calculate the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share.
To the extent the fund invests in the shares of an affiliated fund, the Advisor has contractually agreed, until November 14, 2024, to waive fees and/or reimburse the fund’s expenses to limit the fund’s current operating expenses (except for interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses and other extraordinary expenses) by an amount equal to the acquired fund’s fees and expenses attributable to the fund’s investments in affiliated funds. In addition, the Advisor has contractually agreed until
September 30, 2022, to waive a portion of its management fees to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses (except for interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses and other extraordinary expenses) of the fund from exceeding 0.50% of the fund’s average daily net assets. These agreements may only be terminated by the fund’s Board (and may not be terminated by the Advisor) prior to that time.
EXAMPLE
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses (including the application of the the affiliated fund waiver for three years (or the entire period if shorter) and the expense limitation for one year in each period) remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of shares of the fund. It also does not include the transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units (defined herein), because those fees will not be imposed on retail investors. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
 
$ 51
$ 160
$ 339
$ 856
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may mean higher taxes if you are investing in a taxable account. These costs are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the
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expense example, and can affect the fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to capture large- and mid-capitalization representation across all China securities listed in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The Underlying Index includes A-Shares, H-Shares, B-Shares, Red chips and P chips share classes, as well as securities of Chinese companies listed outside of China (e.g. American depositary receipts). DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program. QFIs have also registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
B-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in China and are denominated and traded in US dollars and Hong Kong dollars (“HKD”) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, respectively. B-Shares are available to foreign investors. H-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in HKD on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and other foreign exchanges.
Red chips and P chips are equity securities issued by companies incorporated outside of mainland China and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Companies that issue Red chips generally base their businesses in mainland China and are controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the state, provincial or municipal governments of the PRC. Companies that issue P chips generally are nonstate-owned Chinese companies incorporated outside of
mainland China that satisfy the following criteria: (i) the company is controlled by PRC individuals, (ii) the company derives more than 80% of its revenue from the PRC and (iii) the company allocates more than 60% of its assets in the PRC.
The Advisor expects to use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Advisor expects to invest in a representative sample of the component securities of the Underlying Index that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The Advisor expects to obtain exposure to the A-Share components of the Underlying Index indirectly by investing in the Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF (the “Underlying Fund”). The Advisor may also invest in Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF (the “Xtrackers Harvest ETFs”, and together with the Underlying Fund, the “Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs”) or other affiliated funds advised by the Advisor and sub-advised by Harvest Global Investments Limited (“HGI”), a licensed RQFII (and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC), that invests in A-Shares directly. Currently, the fund invests in the Underlying Fund. The fund does not currently intend to invest in A-Shares directly. To obtain exposure to the balance of the Underlying Index, the Advisor intends to invest directly in the components of the Underlying Index. The Underlying Fund may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shanghai Connect”) or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shenzhen Connect,” and together with Shanghai Connect, “Stock Connect”). Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect, and as such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although a fund will be permitted to
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sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota is not specific to any fund, but to all investors investing through the Stock Connect.
The Xtrackers Harvest ETFs, through their subadvisor, may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges via Stock Connect. The Xtrackers Harvest ETFs may also invest in A-Shares via the QFI license of HGI.
The Underlying Fund invests directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Under Stock Connect, the Underlying Fund’s trading of eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE or the SZSE, as applicable, would be effectuated through the Advisor. Additionally, the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs’ direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota applicable to Stock Connect. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license. Because the Underlying Fund does not satisfy the criteria to qualify as a QFI, the Underlying Fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via Stock Connect and, in the future, may also utilize any QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise either directly or indirectly the Underlying Index or securities with economic characteristics similar to those included in the Underlying Index. While the fund intends to invest primarily in H-Shares, B-Shares, Red chips, P chips, and shares of the Underlying Fund, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in the equity securities of Chinese companies or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to Chinese companies.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 778 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $5.63 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $154 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis, usually as of the close of the last business day of February, May, August, and November. The pro forma Underlying Index is generally announced nine business days before the effective date. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the consumer discretionary (24%) sector. The consumer discretionary goods sector includes durable goods, apparel, entertainment and leisure, and automobiles. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The fund or securities referred to herein are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by MSCI, and MSCI bears no liability with respect to the fund or securities or any index on which the fund or securities are based.
Securities lending. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for other purposes. In connection with such loans, the fund receives liquid collateral equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities being lent. This collateral is marked to market on a daily basis. The fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective, as well as numerous other risks that are described in greater detail in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About Fund Strategies, Underlying Index Information and Risks” and in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Because the fund invests in one or more Underlying Funds, the risks listed here include those of the Underlying Funds as well as those of the fund itself. Therefore, in these risk descriptions the term “the fund” may refer to the fund itself, one or more Underlying Funds, or both.
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times
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result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Special risk considerations relating to investments in A-Shares. The Advisor’s ability to achieve the fund’s investment objective by investing in the component securities of the Underlying Index is dependent on the continuous availability of A-Shares. Because the fund will not be able to invest directly in A-Shares beyond the limits that may be imposed by Stock Connect and/or the QFI program, the size of the fund’s direct investment in A-Shares may be limited. If the fund is unable to access sufficient A-Shares, the subadvisor may seek to gain exposure to the A-Share market by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, swaps and other derivative
instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including foreign and/or affiliated funds, that provide exposure to the A-Share market until additional access can be obtained. If the fund is unable to obtain sufficient exposure to the performance of the Underlying Index due to the unavailability of access to A-Shares or other investments that provide exposure to the performance of A-Shares, the fund could, among other actions, limit or suspend creations until the subadvisor determines that the requisite exposure to the Underlying Index is obtainable. During the period that creations are limited or suspended, the fund could trade at a significant premium or discount to the NAV and could experience substantial redemptions. Alternatively, the fund could change its investment objective by, for example, seeking to track an alternative index that does not include A-Shares as its component securities, or decide to liquidate the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. For example, trading through Stock Connect is subject to the Daily Quota, which may restrict or preclude the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”). In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance
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and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, Stock Connect A-Shares generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Finally, while foreign investors currently are exempted from paying capital gains or value-added taxes on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund.
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A-Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Special risk considerations of investing in China. Investing in securities of Chinese issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of US issuers, including, among others, (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread) trading suspensions and government interventions with respect to Chinese issuers, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility, (ii) currency revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii) the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets (including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers), whether such intervention will continue and the impact of such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers (or action by the Chinese government that discourages brokers from serving international clients), (vii) higher rates of inflation, (viii) greater political, economic and social uncertainty, (ix) higher market volatility caused by any potential regional territorial conflicts or natural disasters, (x) the risk of
increased trade tariffs, embargoes and other trade or regulatory limitations, (xi) restrictions on foreign ownership, which require US investors to invest in offshore special purpose companies to obtain indirect exposure to Chinese issuers, (xii) custody risks associated with investing through Stock Connect, a QFI or other programs to access the Chinese securities markets, (xiii) both interim and permanent market regulations which may affect the ability of certain stockholders to sell Chinese securities when it would otherwise be advisable, (xiv) different and less stringent financial reporting standards, and (xv) increased political pressure from the US and other countries to restrict the ability of investors outside China to invest in Chinese issuers.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
Underlying funds risk. To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in one or more Underlying Funds, the fund’s performance will be directly related to the performance of an Underlying Fund. The fund’s investments in other investment companies subject the fund to the risks affecting those investment companies.
In addition, the fund indirectly pays a portion of the expenses incurred by an Underlying Fund, which lowers performance. To the extent that the fund’s allocations favor an Underlying Fund with higher expenses, the overall cost of investing paid by the fund will be higher.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund or Underlying Fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of the Shanghai – Hong Kong and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect programs, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares through Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value- added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining
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approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor’s or subadvisor’s QFI license become subject to repatriation restrictions or delays, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of the fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value-added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to the fund and its shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), the fund or Underlying Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s or Underlying Fund’s return could be substantial. The fund will be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
As described below under “Taxes – US Federal Income Tax on Distributions,” the fund may elect, for US federal income tax purposes, to treat Chinese taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the fund as paid by its shareholders. Even if the fund is qualified to make that election and does so, however, your ability to claim a credit or deduction for certain Chinese taxes may be limited under general US tax principles.
In addition, to the extent the fund invests in swaps and other derivative instruments, such investments may be less tax-efficient from a US tax perspective than direct investment in A-Shares and may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the fund. Also the fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in those instruments to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares.
Should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investment in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Code, and the fund may therefore be subject to fund-level US federal taxes.
Risks relating to QFI status. Because the fund does not satisfy the criteria to qualify as a QFI itself, the fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via the subadvisor’s QFI license and may also invest through Stock Connect. A revocation or elimination of the subadvisor’s QFI license may not only adversely affect the ability of the fund to invest directly in A-Shares, but also the willingness of swap counterparties to engage in swaps and the performance of pooled investment vehicles linked to the performance of A-Shares. Therefore, any such revocation or elimination may have a material adverse effect on the ability of the fund to achieve its investment objective. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of firms and counterparties that have QFI status. In addition, the QFI license may be revoked by Chinese regulators if, among other things, the subadvisor
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fails to observe SAFE and other applicable Chinese regulations, which could also lead to other adverse consequences, including the requirement that the fund dispose of its A-Shares holdings. Because the subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund. There can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to invest in appropriate futures contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, and the PRC government may at times restrict the ability of firms regulated in the PRC to make such instruments available.
In addition, there are custody risks associated with investing through a QFI. All A-Shares or other permissible securities acquired by a QFI are maintained by its local custodian in the PRC (“PRC sub-custodian”) in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in the PRC, in one or more securities accounts in the names of the fund and the subadvisor as the QFI. The subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Furthermore, cash deposited in the cash account of the fund with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash that belongs to other clients or creditors of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in such cash account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. The fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
Depositary receipt risk. Depositary receipts involve similar risks to those associated with investments in securities of non-US issuers. Depositary receipts also may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market.
Derivatives risk. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation;
and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the fund. The use of derivatives by the fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements.
Currency and repatriation risk. The Underlying Index is calculated in onshore RMB (CNY), whereas the fund’s reference currency is the US dollar. As a result, the fund’s return may be adversely affected by currency exchange rates. Further, although offshore RMB and onshore RMB are the same currency, they trade at different rates. To the extent the fund needs to exchange offshore RMB and onshore RMB, any divergence between offshore RMB and onshore RMB may adversely impact shareholders. The value of the US dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, global energy prices, political instability and government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currencies by a country’s government.
In addition, the Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Chinese law requires that all domestic transactions must be settled in RMB, places significant restrictions on the remittance of foreign currencies, and strictly regulates currency exchange from RMB. There is no assurance that there will always be sufficient amounts of RMB for the fund to remain fully invested. Repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the subadvisor’s control. However, there is no assurance that Chinese rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Further, such changes to the Chinese rules and regulations may be
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applied retroactively. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s portfolio investments may have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests.
Counterparty risk. A financial institution or other counterparty with whom the fund does business, or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts that the fund owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial health and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause losses for the fund or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the fund.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Consumer discretionary sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the consumer discretionary sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the consumer discretionary sector. Companies engaged in the consumer discretionary sector are subject to fluctuations in supply and demand. These companies may also be adversely affected by changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or
accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
Although the fund primarily seeks to redeem shares of the fund on an in-kind basis, if the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss. This may be magnified in circumstances where redemptions from the fund may be higher than normal.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated
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with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes
in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units (defined below), the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. If market makers exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). Further, while the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in market prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. In addition, the securities held by the fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than the exchange on which the fund’s shares trade. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. The bid/ask spread of the fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with the fund.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be
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corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Medium-sized company risk. Medium-sized company stocks tend to be more volatile than large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow medium-sized companies, less information about them is available
to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on medium-sized companies, since they lack the financial resources of larger companies. Medium-sized company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk that the fund may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The fund could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of the collateral provided for the loaned securities, or a decline in the value of any investments made with cash collateral or even a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially while holding the securities.
Past Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the fund by showing changes in the fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the fund’s average annual returns compare with those of the Underlying Index and a broad measure of market performance.The fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the fund’s website at Xtrackers.com (the website does not form a part of this prospectus).
Prior to November 30, 2015, the fund operated with a different investment strategy. Performance would have been different if the fund’s current investment strategy had been in effect. Fund returns prior to November 30, 2015 reflect those of the fund when it was tracking the prior underlying index.
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURNS(%)
 
Returns
Period ending
Best Quarter
22.09%
March 31, 2019
Worst Quarter
-26.70%
September 30, 2015
Year-to-Date
2.74%
June 30, 2021
Average Annual Total Returns
(For periods ended 12/31/2020 expressed as a %)
All after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of any state or local tax. Your own actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and may differ from what is shown here. After-tax returns
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are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the fund in tax-deferred accounts such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or employee-sponsored retirement plans.
 
Inception Date
1
Year
5
Years
Since
Inception
Returns before tax
4/30/2014
31.60
11.85
14.79
After tax on distribu-
tions
 
31.18
10.48
13.06
After tax on distribu-
tions and sale of fund
shares
 
18.70
8.77
11.28
MSCI China All Shares
Index (reflects no deduc-
tions for fees, expenses
or taxes)
 
33.41
11.19
13.90
Effective November 30, 2015, the fund changed its underlying index to the MSCI China All Shares Index from the MSCI All China Index. Returns shown above for the MSCI China All Shares Index prior to November 30, 2015 reflect the performance of the MSCI All China Index.
Management
Investment Advisor
DBX Advisors LLC
Portfolio Managers
Bryan Richards, CFA, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Head of Portfolio Engineering, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2014.
Patrick Dwyer, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Senior Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2016.
Shlomo Bassous, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2017.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The fund is an exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual fund shares may only be purchased and sold through a brokerage firm. The price of fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or less than NAV (a discount). The fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to APs who have entered into agreements with ALPS Distributors, Inc., the fund’s distributor. You may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a
buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the fund (ask) when buying or selling shares (the “bid-ask spread”). Information on the fund’s net asset value, market price, premiums and discounts and bid-ask spreads may be found at Xtrackers.com.
Tax Information
The fund's distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k), or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Any withdrawals you make from such tax- advantaged investment plans, however, may be taxable to you.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and
Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Advisor or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms and/or reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Fund Details
Additional Information About Fund Strategies, Underlying Index Information and Risks
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the CSI 300 Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investments results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expense, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to reflect the price fluctuation and performance of the China A-Share market and is composed of the 300 largest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. The Underlying Index includes small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap stocks. DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Shanghai - Hong Kong and Shenzhen - Hong Kong Stock Connect programs (“Stock Connect”) and the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program.
Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota that limits total purchases through Stock Connect.
Harvest Global Investments Limited (the “Subadvisor” or “HGI”) is a licensed RQFII and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC, and the fund may therefore invest in A-Shares via HGI’s QFI license. The Subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, thus also may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. QFIs have also registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The Subadvisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Subadvisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Subadvisor to acquire component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Subadvisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to
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have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Subadvisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the Subadvisor’s QFI license. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor and/or Subadvisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese issuers. The fund may invest in depositary receipts. The fund will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipt or any depositary receipt that the Advisor and/or Subadvisor deem illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 300 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $24.65 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $3.56 billion. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every June and December. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the financials (22.6%) and information technology (17.3%) sectors. The financials sector includes companies involved in banking, consumer finance, asset management and custody banks, as well as investment banking and brokerage and insurance. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in developing software and providing data processing and outsourced
services, along with manufacturing and distributing communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment and instruments. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The Subadvisor intends to fully (or at least substantially) replicate the fund’s Underlying Index, but may pursue a representative sampling indexing strategy in circumstances where there is limited availability of component securities or regulatory restrictions that inhibit the transferability of component securities. In addition, from time to time, the Subadvisor may choose to underweight or overweight a security in the fund’s Underlying Index, purchase securities not included in the Underlying Index that the Subadvisor believes are appropriate to substitute for certain securities in the Underlying Index, or utilize various combinations of other available investment techniques to seek to track, before fees and expenses, the performance of the Underlying Index. The fund also may seek to gain exposure to A-Shares through means other than the use of the Subadvisor’s QFI status, including Stock Connect or any other method permitted by PRC law and consistent with the fund’s investment policies. The Subadvisor may also sell securities that are represented in the fund’s Underlying Index in anticipation of their removal from the Underlying Index or purchase securities not represented in the Underlying Index in anticipation of their addition to the Underlying Index.
The fund may invest its assets in other securities, including, but not limited to: (i) swap contracts, (ii) interests in pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and foreign funds (certain funds may not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and therefore, not subject to the same investor protections as the fund), (iii) securities not in the Underlying Index, including: (a) depositary receipts (depositary receipts, including American depositary receipts (“ADRs”) may be used by the fund in seeking performance that corresponds to the fund’s Underlying Index and in managing cash flows, and they may count towards compliance with the fund’s 80% investment policies), (iv) cash and cash equivalents, (v) money market instruments, such as repurchase agreements or money market funds (including money market funds advised by the Advisor, HGI or their affiliates subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act, or exemptions therefrom), (vi) convertible securities, (vii) structured notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement of a particular stock or stock index), and (viii) futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and other types of options related to the Underlying Index. A futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time.
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Fund Details

The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
Shares of the fund are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by CSI or any affiliate of CSI and CSI bears no liability with respect to the fund or any security.
Underlying Index Information
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF Index Description.
The Underlying Index is calculated and maintained by China Securities Index Co., Ltd. (the “Index Provider” or “CSI”).
The Underlying Index is a modified free-float market capitalization weighted index composed of the largest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. Constituent stocks for the Underlying Index must have been listed for more than one year on the Science and Technology Innovation Board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange; for more than three years on the ChiNext Board at the Shenzen Stock Exchange and on either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange for more than three months for other stocks (unless the stock’s average daily A-Share market capitalization since its initial listing ranks among the top 30 of all A-Shares), have demonstrated positive performance without serious financial problems, and not be subject to abnormal volatility or other evidence of possible market manipulation. If an issuer has reported a loss in its annual report or semi-annual report, the issuer’s stock will not be removed from the index if they are already included, but an issuer with a similar situation will not be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. In addition, if an issuer experiences stock price volatility that is not attributable to market demand and supply factors, but rather the possible result of market manipulation, the Index Provider will take such factor into consideration when determining whether the issuer is eligible for inclusion or continued inclusion in the Underlying Index. When determining eligibility, the Index Provider also may consider other factors, such as whether the issuer has been subject to any administrative penalty or regulatory investigation. As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 300 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $24.65 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $3.56 billion. These amounts are subject to change.
When selecting constituent stocks for the Underlying Index, the Index Provider: (1) calculates the daily average trading value and daily average total market capitalization during the most recent year (or in the case of a new issue, during the time since its initial listing) for all the stocks in the stock universe; (2) ranks the stocks in the stock
universe in descending order according to their average daily trading values, and excludes the bottom 50%; and (3) ranks the remaining stocks in descending order according to their average daily market capitalization and selects those which rank top 300 as constituent stocks of the Underlying Index.
The weighting of a company in the Underlying Index is intended to be a reflection of the current importance of that company in the China A-Share market as a whole.
Stocks are selected and weighted according to market capitalization. A company is heavily weighted in the Underlying Index if it has a relatively larger free-float market capitalization than the rest of the constituents in the Underlying Index. The constituents of the Underlying Index are periodically reviewed by the Index Provider to ensure that the Underlying Index continues to reflect the state and structure of the underlying market it measures. The Underlying Index is calculated in real time and is published in RMB (specifically, Chinese onshore RMB (referred to as “CNY”)). The Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every June and December.
During extraordinary market conditions, the Index Provider may delay any scheduled rebalancing of the Underlying Index. During any such delay it is possible that the Underlying Index will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective.
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
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Fund Details

Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Risk of investing in China. Investments in China involve certain risks and special considerations, including the following:
Investments in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the QFI license granted to the Subadvisor. Restrictions may be imposed on the repatriation of gains and income that may affect the fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests. Currently, there are two stock exchanges in mainland China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The SSE and SZSE are supervised by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and are highly automated with trading and settlement executed electronically. The SSE and SZSE are substantially smaller, less liquid, and more volatile than the major securities markets in the US.
The SSE commenced trading on December 19, 1990, and the SZSE commenced trading on July 3, 1991. The SSE and SZSE divide listed shares into two classes: A-Shares and B-Shares. Companies whose shares are traded on the SSE and SZSE that are incorporated in mainland China may issue both A-Shares and B-Shares. In China, the A-Shares and B-Shares of an issuer may only trade on one exchange. A-Shares and B-Shares may both be listed on either the SSE or SZSE. Both classes represent an ownership interest comparable to a share of common stock and all shares are entitled to substantially the same rights and benefits associated with ownership. A-Shares are traded on SSE and SZSE in RMB.
Because restrictions continue to exist and capital therefore cannot flow freely into the A-Share market, it is possible that in the event of a market disruption, the liquidity of the A-Share market and trading prices of A-Shares could be more severely affected than the liquidity and trading prices of markets where securities are freely tradable and capital therefore flows more freely. The fund cannot predict the nature or duration of such a market disruption or the impact that it may have on the A-Share market and the short-term and long-term prospects of its investments in the A-Share market.
The Chinese government has in the past taken actions that benefited holders of A-Shares. As A-Shares become more accessible to foreign investors, such as the funds, the Chinese government may be less likely to take action that would benefit holders of A-Shares. In addition, there is no guarantee that any existing QFI license will be maintained or will not be revoked by CSRC at some point in the future. The fund cannot predict what would occur if the Stock Connect program was terminated, or if the relevant QFI license were to be revoked, although such an occurrence would likely have a material adverse effect on the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII
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regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Custody risks of investing in A-Shares under the QFI program. For investments under the QFI program, the Subadvisor as a QFI is required to select a PRC sub-custodian (the “PRC sub-custodian”) which satisfies relevant requirements as set out in QFI rules and regulations. The PRC sub-custodian maintains the fund’s deposit accounts and oversees the fund’s investments in A-Shares in the PRC to ensure their compliance with the rules and regulations of the CSRC and the PBOC. A-Shares that are traded on the SSE and SZSE are dealt and held in book-entry form through the CSDCC. A-Shares purchased by the Subadvisor, in their capacity as an QFI, on behalf of the fund, may be received by the CSDCC as credited to a securities trading account maintained by the PRC sub-custodian in the names of the fund and the Subadvisor as the QFI. The Subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Because the Subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund.
Investors should note that cash deposited in the fund’s account with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash belonging to other clients of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in the account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. A fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares listed on the SSE through Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and those listed on the SZSE through Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund's direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor's or Subadvisor’s QFI license in the future becomes subject to repatriation restrictions, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of a fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect
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or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value- added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a fund and their shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), a fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on a fund’s return could be substantial. A fund will be liable to the Advisor and/or Subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor and/or Subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
To the extent a fund invests in swaps linked to A-Shares, such investments may be less tax-efficient for US tax purposes than a direct investment in A-Shares. Any tax liability incurred by the swap counterparty may be passed on to a fund. When a fund sells a swap on A-Shares, the sale price may take into account of the QFI’s tax liability.
Investments in swaps and other derivatives may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the character, timing and amount of income earned by a fund (e.g., by causing amounts that would be capital gain to be taxed as ordinary income or to be taken into income earlier than would otherwise be necessary). Also, a fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in its swaps and derivatives to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. For example, swaps in which a fund may invest may need to be reset on a regular basis in order to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, which may increase the likelihood that the fund will generate short-term capital gains. In addition, because the application of special tax rules to a fund and its investments may
be uncertain, it is possible that the manner in which they are applied by the fund may be determined to be incorrect. In that event, a fund may be found to have failed to maintain its qualification as a RIC or to be subject to additional US tax liability. A fund may make investments, both directly and through swaps or other derivative positions, in companies classified as passive foreign investment companies for US federal income tax purposes (“PFICs”). Investments in PFICs are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to the fund and its shareholders.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. Although no individual investment quotas or licensing requirements apply to investors in Stock Connect, trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. The Daily Quota does not belong to the fund and is utilized by all investors on a first-come-first- serve basis. As such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota may restrict the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect on a timely basis, which could affect the fund’s ability to effectively pursue its investment strategy. The Daily Quota is also subject to change.
In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”) generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. While A-shares must be designated as eligible to be traded under Stock Connect (such eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE, the “SSE Securities,” and such eligible A-Shares listed on the SZSE, the “SZSE Securities”), those A-Shares may also lose such designation, and if this occurs, such A-Shares may be sold but could no longer be purchased through Stock Connect. With respect to sell orders under Stock Connect, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) carries out pre-trade checks to ensure an investor has sufficient A-Shares in its account before the market opens on the trading day. Accordingly, if there are insufficient A-Shares in an investor’s account before the market opens on the trading day, the sell order will be rejected, which may adversely impact the funds’ performance. However, the fund may request a custodian to open a special segregated account (“SPSA”) in CCASS (the Central Clearing and Settlement System operated by HKSCC (the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited) for the clearing securities listed or traded on
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SEHK) to maintain its holdings in A-Shares under the enhanced pre-trade checking model. Each SPSA will be assigned a unique “Investor ID” by CCASS for the purpose of facilitating Stock Connect order routing system to verify the holdings of an investor such as the fund. Provided that there is sufficient holding in the SPSA when a broker inputs the fund’s sell order, the fund will be able to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares (as opposed to the practice of transferring A-Shares to the broker’s account under the current pre-trade checking model for non-SPSA accounts). Opening of the SPSA accounts for the fund will enable it to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares in a timely manner.
In addition, Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A- Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading. Each of the SEHK, SSE and SZSE reserves the right to suspend trading under Stock Connect under certain circumstances. Where such a suspension of trading is effected, the fund’s ability to access A-Shares through Stock Connect will be adversely affected. In addition, if one or both of the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed on a US trading day, the fund may not be able to acquire or dispose of A-Shares through Stock Connect in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance.
The fund’s investments in A-Shares though Stock Connect are held by its custodian in accounts in CCASS maintained by the HKSCC, which in turn holds the A-Shares, as the nominee holder, through an omnibus securities account in its name registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). The precise nature and rights of each fund as the beneficial owner of the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities through HKSCC as nominee is not well defined under PRC law. There is a lack of a clear definition of, and distinction between, legal ownership and beneficial ownership under PRC law and there have been few cases involving a nominee account structure in the PRC courts. The exact nature and methods of enforcement of the rights and interests of each fund under PRC law is also uncertain. In the unlikely event that HKSCC becomes subject to winding up proceedings in Hong Kong, there is a risk that the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities may not be regarded as held for the beneficial ownership of each fund or as part of the general assets of HKSCC available for general distribution to its creditors.
Notwithstanding the fact that HKSCC does not claim proprietary interests in the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities held in its omnibus stock account in the CSDCC, the CSDCC as the share registrar for SSE- or SZSE-listed companies will still treat HKSCC as one of the shareholders when it handles corporate actions in respect of such SSE Securities or SZSE Securities. HKSCC monitors
the corporate actions affecting SSE Securities and SZSE Securities and keeps participants of CCASS informed of all such corporate actions that require CCASS participants to take steps in order to participate in them. A fund will therefore depend on HKSCC for both settlement and notification and implementation of corporate actions.
The HKSCC is responsible for the clearing, settlement and the provisions of depositary, nominee and other related services of the trades executed by Hong Kong market participants and investors. Accordingly, investors do not hold SSE Securities or SZSE Securities directly – they are held through their brokers’ or custodians’ accounts with CCASS. The HKSCC and the CSDCC establish clearing links and each has become a participant of the other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-border trades. Should CSDCC default and the CSDCC be declared as a defaulter, HKSCC’s liabilities in Stock Connect under its market contracts with clearing participants will be limited to assisting clearing participants in pursuing their claims against the CSDCC. In that event, the fund may suffer delays in the recovery process or may not be able to fully recover its losses from the CSDCC.
Market participants are able to participate in Stock Connect subject to meeting certain information technology capability, risk management and other requirements as may be specified by the relevant exchange and/or clearing house. Further, the “connectivity” in Stock Connect requires the routing of orders across the borders of Hong Kong and the PRC. This requires the development of new information technology systems on the part of the SEHK and exchange participants. There is no assurance that these systems will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in A-Shares through Stock Connect could be disrupted, and the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected.
A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions.
Finally, according to Caishui [2014] 81 (“Circular 81”) and Caishui [2016] 127 (“Circular 127”), while foreign investors are exempted from paying capital gains or business taxes (later, value-added taxes) on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund. Dividends derived from A-Shares are subject to a 10% PRC withholding income tax generally. PRC stamp duty is also payable for transactions in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Currently, PRC stamp duty on A-Shares transactions is only imposed on the seller, but not on the purchaser, at the tax rate of 0.1% of the total sales value.
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Circular 81 and Circular 127 stipulate that PRC business tax (and, subsequently, PRC value-added tax) is temporarily exempted on capital gains derived by Hong Kong market participants (including the fund) from the trading of A-Shares through Stock Connect. According to Caishui [2016] No. 36, the PRC value- added tax reform in the PRC will be expanded to all industries, including financial services, starting May 1, 2016. The PRC business tax exemption prescribed in Circular 81 is grandfathered under the value-added tax regime.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Political and economic risk. The economy of China, which has been in a state of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy, differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, its state of development, its growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the majority of productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government at various levels, in recent years, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures emphasizing utilization of market forces in the development of the economy of China and a high level of management autonomy. The economy of China has experienced significant growth in recent decades, but growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Economic growth has also been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The PRC government has implemented various measures from time to time to control inflation and restrain the rate of economic growth.
For several decades, the PRC government has carried out economic reforms to achieve decentralization and utilization of market forces to develop the economy of the PRC. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will continue to pursue such economic policies or that such policies, if pursued, will be successful. Any adjustment and modification of those economic policies may have an adverse impact on the securities markets in the PRC as well as the constituent securities of the Underlying Index. Further, the PRC government may from time to time adopt corrective measures to control the growth of the PRC economy which may also have an adverse impact on the capital growth and performance of the fund.
Political changes, social instability and adverse diplomatic developments in the PRC could result in the imposition of additional government restrictions including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property held by the issuers of the A-Shares in the fund’s Underlying Index. The laws, regulations, including the investment regulations, government policies and political and economic climate in China may change with little or no advance notice. Any such change could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
The Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic sectors through ownership positions and regulations. The allocation of resources in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Recently, the Chinese government has become more aggressive about regulating the operations of particular companies or sectors, including large companies which are indirectly listed in the US. These regulations may substantially limit or prohibit the operations of such companies and cause investors to lose some or all of the value of their investment. The policies set by the government could have a substantial effect on the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
The Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade. The performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The domestic consumer class in China is still emergent, while the economy's dependence on exports may not be sustainable. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of its primary trading partners, such as the European Union, the US, Hong Kong, the Association of South East Asian Nations, and Japan, would adversely affect the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
In addition, as much of China’s growth over recent decades has been a result of significant investment in substantial export trade, international trade tensions may arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative consequences. The current political climate has intensified concerns about trade tariffs and a potential trade war between China and the US. These consequences may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry with a potentially severe negative impact to the
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fund. In addition, it is possible that the continuation or worsening of the current political climate could result in regulatory restrictions being contemplated or imposed in the US or in China that could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to invest in accordance with its investment policies and/or achieve its investment objective. In July 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (“PWG”) proposed a number of regulatory changes aimed at addressing potential risks to US investors from investments in issuers that provide limited access to their financial statements, including Chinese companies. The PWG’s proposals included having the SEC consider encouraging or requiring US registered funds to conduct additional due diligence on an index’s exposure to such issuers and how the index provider addresses concerns arising from limited availability of such issuers’ financial information. If the SEC adopts these proposals, they could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. In addition, in June 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order (“CMIC Order”) prohibiting US persons, including the fund, from purchasing or selling publicly traded securities (including publicly traded securities that are derivative of, or are designed to provide exposure to, such securities) of any Chinese company identified as a Chinese Military Industrial Complex Company (“CMIC”). This prohibition, effective August 2, 2021, expands on similar sanctions imposed by the prior administration on certain designated Chinese military companies (“CCMCs”) that took effect in January 2021. To the extent that any company in the Underlying Index is identified as a CMIC at any time (or was previously designated as a CCMC), it may have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index. Also,in December 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was signed into law. When implemented, the HFCAA could cause securities of foreign issuers (including China) to be de-listed from US stock exchanges if those companies do not permit US oversight of the auditing of their financial information. The potential impact of the HFCAA is unclear at this time, but to the extent that the fund currently transacts in securities of a foreign company in the Underlying Index on a US exchange but is unable to do so in the future, the fund will have to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities or obtain exposure to such securities through alternative means (such as derivatives), either of which could increase the fund’s costs and have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. Finally, the Chair of the SEC announced in July 2021 that the SEC would be requiring additional disclosures about the corporate structure of Chinese companies listing in the US (pursuant to which US investors own shares in an offshore shell company rather than the Chinese company itself) and the risks to US investors, including the risks
of such companies being delisted from the US exchange under the HFCAA. Events such as these are difficult to predict and may or may not occur in the future.
China has been transitioning to a market economy since the late seventies, and has only recently opened up to foreign investment and permitted private economic activity. Under the economic reforms implemented by the Chinese government, the Chinese economy has experienced tremendous growth, developing into one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is no assurance, however, that the Chinese government will not revert to the economic policy of central planning that it implemented prior to 1978 or that such growth will be sustained in the future. An economic downturn in China would adversely impact the fund’s investments.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
Inflation. Economic growth in China has historically been accompanied by periods of high inflation. Beginning in 2004, the Chinese government commenced the implementation of various measures to control inflation, which included the tightening of the money supply, the raising of interest rates and more stringent control over certain industries. If these measures are not successful, and if inflation were to steadily increase, the performance of the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments could be adversely affected.
Nationalization and expropriation. After the formation of the Chinese socialist state in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations and nationalized private assets without providing any form of compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar actions in the future. Accordingly, an investment in the fund involves a risk of a total loss.
Hong Kong policy. As part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy with regard to its political, legal and economic systems for a period of at least 50 years. China controls matters that relate to defense and foreign affairs. Under the agreement, China does not tax Hong Kong, does not limit the exchange of the Hong Kong dollar for foreign currencies and does not place restrictions on free trade in Hong Kong. However, there is no guarantee that China will continue to honor the agreement, and China may change its policies regarding Hong Kong at any time. As of July 2020, the Chinese Standing Committee of the National People's
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Congress enacted the Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (the “Hong Kong Law”), which imposed substantial limits on Hong Kong’s political and legal autonomy in a manner widely considered within Hong Kong and by other countries as a violation of China’s agreement in 1997. Hong Kong has experienced wide protests and extensive turmoil before and after the enactment of this law. Also as of July 2020, Hong Kong is no longer afforded preferential economic treatment by the United States under US law, and there is uncertainty as to how the economy of Hong Kong will be affected. Any further changes in China's policies could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
Chinese securities markets. The securities markets in China have a limited operating history and are not as developed as those in the US. The markets tend to be smaller in size, have less liquidity and historically have had greater volatility than markets in the US and some other countries. In addition, under normal market conditions, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the US. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are US issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely disclosure of information. During periods of significant market volatility, the Chinese government has, from time to time, intervened in its domestic securities markets to a greater degree than would be typical in more developed markets, including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulations.
Available disclosure about Chinese companies. Chinese companies are required to follow Chinese accounting standards and practices, which only follow international accounting standards to a certain extent. However, the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to PRC companies, including those listed on US exchanges, may be less rigorous, and there may be significant differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and practice and those prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a Chinese issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The quality of audits in China may be unreliable, which may require enhanced procedures. Consequently, the fund may
not be provided the same degree of protection or information as would generally apply in developed countries and the fund may be exposed to significant losses. There is also substantially less publicly available information about Chinese issuers than there is about US issuers. Therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made, and less information may be available to the fund and other investors than would be the case if the fund’s investments were restricted to securities of US issuers.
Chinese corporate and securities law. The regulations which regulate investments by QFIs in the PRC and the repatriation of capital from QFI investments are relatively new. As a result, the application and interpretation of such investment regulations are therefore relatively untested. In addition, PRC authorities and regulators have broad discretion under such investment regulations and there is little precedent or certainty evidencing how such discretion will be exercised now or in the future.
The fund’s rights with respect to its investments in A-Shares (as applicable), if any, generally will not be governed by US law, and instead will generally be governed by Chinese law. China operates under a civil law system, in which court precedent is not binding. Because there is no binding precedent to interpret existing statutes, there is uncertainty regarding the implementation of existing law.
Legal principles relating to corporate affairs and the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and liabilities and stockholders’ rights often differ from those that may apply in the US and other countries. Chinese laws providing protection to investors, such as laws regarding the fiduciary duties of officers and directors, are undeveloped and will not provide investors, such as the fund, with protection in all situations where protection would be provided by comparable laws in the US. China lacks a national set of laws that address all issues that may arise with regard to a foreign investor such as the fund. It may therefore be difficult for the fund to enforce its rights as an investor under Chinese corporate and securities laws, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to obtain a judgment in court. Moreover, as Chinese corporate and securities laws continue to develop, these developments may adversely affect foreign investors, such as the fund.
Due to restrictions on foreign ownership of Chinese companies imposed under Chinese law, Chinese companies that are listed in the US typically do not offer common stock in the company itself to US investors. Rather, Chinese companies typically offer shares of an offshore shell company that has entered into service and other contracts with the Chinese company. Accordingly, US investors in Chinese companies listed on a US stock exchange do not actually own shares of the Chinese company itself. Moreover, the Chinese government may at any time invalidate or limit the contracts between a Chinese company and the offshore shell company which is offering shares in the US, which may result in the partial or total loss of the value of
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a US investor's shares in the offshore shell company even if a direct investment in the Chinese company would retain value.
Other sanctions and embargoes. From time to time, certain of the companies in which the fund expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Tax on retained income and gains. To the extent the fund does not distribute to shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain in a given year, it will be required to pay US federal income tax on the retained income and gains, thereby reducing the fund’s return. A fund may elect to treat any retained net capital gain as having been distributed to shareholders. In that case, shareholders of record on the last day of the fund’s taxable year will be required to include their attributable share of the retained gain in income for the year as a long-term capital gain despite not actually receiving the dividend, and will be entitled to a tax credit or refund for the tax deemed paid on their behalf by the fund as well as an increase in the basis of their shares to reflect the difference between their attributable share of the gain and the related credit or refund.
Foreign exchange control. The Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Under China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) regulations, Chinese corporations may only purchase foreign currencies through government approved banks. In general, Chinese companies must receive approval from or register with the Chinese government before investing in certain capital account items, including direct investments and loans, and must thereafter maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for the capital items. Foreign investors may only exchange foreign currencies at specially authorized banks after complying with documentation requirements. These restrictions may adversely affect the fund and its investments. The international community has requested that China ease its restrictions on currency exchange, but it is unclear whether the Chinese government will change its policy.
RMB, is currently not a freely convertible currency as it is subject to foreign exchange control, fiscal policies and repatriation restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. Such control of currency conversion and movements in the RMB exchange rates may adversely affect the operations and financial results of companies in the PRC. In addition,
if such control policies change in the future, the fund may be adversely affected. Since 2005, the exchange rate of the RMB is no longer pegged to the US dollar. The RMB has now moved to a managed floating exchange rate based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of foreign currencies. The daily trading price of the RMB against other major currencies in the inter-bank foreign exchange market would be allowed to float within a narrow band around the central parity published by the People’s Bank of China. As the exchange rates are based primarily on market forces, the exchange rates for RMB against other currencies, including the US dollar, are susceptible to movements based on external factors. There can be no assurance that the RMB will not be subject to appreciation or devaluation, either due to changes in government policy or market factors. Any devaluation of the RMB could adversely affect the value of the fund’s investments. The PRC government imposes restrictions on the remittance of RMB out of and into China. To the extent the fund invests through a QFI, the fund may be required to remit foreign freely convertible currencies (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) to the PRC to settle the purchase of A-Shares and other permissible securities by the fund. In the event such remittance is disrupted, the fund may not be able to fully replicate its Underlying Index by investing in the relevant A-Shares and this will increase the tracking error of the fund. Any delay in repatriation out of China may result in delay in payment of redemption proceeds to the redeeming investors. The Chinese government’s policies on exchange control and repatriation restrictions are subject to change, and the fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
Foreign currency considerations. The assets of the fund are invested primarily in the equity securities of issuers in China and the income received by the fund will be primarily in RMB.
RMB can be further categorized into onshore RMB (“CNY”), traded only in the PRC, and offshore RMB (“CNH”), traded outside the PRC. CNY and CNH are traded at different exchange rates and their exchange rates may not move in the same direction. Although there has been a growing amount of RMB held offshore, CNH cannot be freely remitted into the PRC and is subject to certain restrictions, and vice versa. The fund may also be adversely affected by the exchange rates between CNY and CNH. There is no assurance that there will always be RMB available in sufficient amounts for the fund to remain fully invested.
Meanwhile, the fund will compute and expects to distribute its income in US dollars, and the computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Any gain or loss attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the fund accrues income or gain and the time the fund converts such
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income or gain from RMB to the US dollar is generally treated as ordinary income or loss for US federal income tax purposes. Therefore, if the value of the RMB increases relative to the US dollar between the accrual of income and the time at which the fund converts the RMB to US dollars, the fund will recognize ordinary income when the RMB is converted. In such circumstances, if the fund has insufficient cash in US dollars to meet distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, the fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make distributions. The liquidation of investments, if required, may also have an adverse impact on the fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB. Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. A fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
Currently, there is no market in China in which the fund may engage in hedging transactions to minimize RMB foreign exchange risk in CNY, and there can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging currency in CNY will be available to the fund in China at any time in the future. In the event that in the future it becomes possible to hedge RMB currency risk in China in CNY, the fund may seek to reduce the foregoing currency risks by engaging in hedging transactions. In that case, the fund may enter into forward currency exchange contracts and currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts, as well as purchase put or call options on currencies, in China. The funds do not currently intend to hedge RMB currency risk in CNH. Currency hedging would involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s or Subadvisor’s (as applicable) view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of currency transactions could result in the fund’s incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, exchange rate regulation, suspension of settlements or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency.
PRC brokers risk. Regulations adopted by the CSRC and SAFE under which the fund will invest in A-Shares provide that the Subadvisor as a QFI, may select PRC broker(s) to execute transactions on its behalf on each of the two PRC exchanges – the SSE and SZSE. The Subadvisor may select the same broker(s) for both exchanges. As a result,
the Subadvisor will have less flexibility to choose among brokers on behalf of the fund than is typically the case for US investment managers. In the event of any default of a PRC broker in the execution or settlement of any transaction or in the transfer of any funds or securities in the PRC, the fund may encounter delays in recovering its assets which may in turn adversely impact the NAV of the fund.
If the Subadvisor is unable to use one of its designated PRC brokers in the PRC, units of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV or the fund may not be able to track the Underlying Index. Further, the operation of the fund may be adversely affected in the case of any acts or omissions of a PRC broker, which may result in increased tracking error or the fund being traded at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. The limited number of PRC brokers that may be appointed may cause the fund to not necessarily pay the lowest commission available in the market. The Subadvisor, however, in its selection of PRC brokers will consider such factors as the competitiveness of commission rates, size of the relevant orders, and execution standards. There is a risk that the fund may suffer losses from the default, bankruptcy or disqualification of the PRC brokers. In such events, the fund may be adversely affected in the execution of any transaction.
Disclosure of interests and short swing profit rule. The fund may be subject to shareholder disclosure of interest regulations promulgated by the CSRC. These regulations currently require the fund to make certain public disclosures when the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund acquire 5% or more of the issued voting securities of a listed company (which include A-Shares of the listed company). If the reporting requirement is triggered, the fund will be required to report information which includes, but is not limited to: (a) information about the fund (and parties acting in concert with the fund) and the type and extent of its holdings in the company; (b) a statement of the fund’s purposes for the investment and whether the fund intends to increase its holdings over the following 12-month period; (c) a statement of the fund’s historical investments in the company over the previous six months; (d) the time of, and other information relating to, the transaction that triggered the fund’s holding in the listed company reaching the 5% reporting threshold; and (e) other information that may be required by the CSRC or the stock exchange. Additional information may be required if the fund and its concerted parties constitute the largest shareholder or actual controlling shareholder of the listed company. The report must be made to the CSRC, the stock exchange, the invested company, and the CSRC local representative office where the listed company is located. A fund would also be required to make a public announcement through a media outlet designated by the CSRC. The public announcement must contain the same content as the official report. The public announcement may require the fund to disclose its holdings to the public, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
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The relevant PRC regulations presumptively treat all affiliated investors and investors under common control as parties acting in concert. As such, under a conservative interpretation of these regulations, the fund may be deemed as a “concerted party” of other funds managed by the Advisor, Subadvisor or their affiliates and therefore may be subject to the risk that the fund’s holdings may be required to be reported in the aggregate with the holdings of such other funds should the aggregate holdings trigger the reporting threshold under the PRC law. If the 5% shareholding threshold is triggered by the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund, the fund would be required to file its report within three days of the date the threshold is reached. During the time limit for filing the report, a trading freeze applies and the fund would not be permitted to make subsequent trades in the invested company’s securities. Any such trading freeze may undermine the fund’s performance, if the fund would otherwise make trades during that period but is prevented from doing so by the regulation.
Once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 5% or more will trigger a further reporting requirement and an additional trading freeze from the date the threshold is reached to the end of three days after the report and announcement is made. These trading freezes may undermine the fund’s performance as described above. According to the securities laws of China, whoever purchases the voting securities of a listed company in violation of the requirements in this paragraph may not exercise the voting rights of the securities that exceed the threshold within 36 months after purchasing them.
Further, once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, for any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 1%, the fund would be required to notify the listed company and make an announcement thereon on the day immediately after the date the threshold is reached. Also, SSE requirements currently require the fund and parties acting in concert, once they have reach the 5% threshold, to disclose whenever their shareholding drops below this threshold (even as a result of trading which is less than the 5% incremental change that would trigger a reporting requirement under the relevant CSRC regulation).
CSRC regulations also contain additional disclosure (and tender offer) requirements that apply when an investor and parties acting in concert reach thresholds of 20% and greater than 30% shareholding in a company.
Subject to the interpretation of PRC courts and PRC regulators, the operation of the PRC short swing profit rule may be applicable to the trading of the fund with the result that where the holdings of the fund (possibly with the holdings of other investors deemed as concert parties of the fund) exceed 5% of the total issued voting shares of a listed company, the fund may not reduce its holdings in the
company within six months of the last purchase of shares of the company. If a fund violates the rule, it may be required by the listed company to return any profits realized from such trading to the listed company. In addition, the rule limits the ability of the fund to repurchase securities of the listed company within six months of such sale. Moreover, under PRC civil procedures, the fund’s assets may be frozen to the extent of the claims made by the company in question. These risks may greatly impair the performance of the fund.
Investment and repatriation restrictions. Investments by the fund in A-Shares (as well as other Chinese financial instruments permitted by the CSRC and the People’s Bank of China, including open- and closed-end investment companies) may be subject to governmental pre-approval limitations on the quantity that the fund may purchase and/or limits on the classes of securities in which the fund may invest.
With respect to investments in A-Shares made through the QFI program, repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Subadvisor’s control. There is no assurance, however, that PRC rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s assets may adversely affect the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests and/or may cause the fund to borrow money in order to meet its obligations. These limitations may also prevent the fund from making certain distributions to shareholders.
The Chinese government limits foreign investment in the securities of certain Chinese issuers entirely, if foreign investment is banned in respect of the industry in which the relevant Chinese issuers are conducting their business. These restrictions or limitations may have adverse effects on the liquidity and performance of the fund’s holdings as compared to the performance of the Underlying Index. This may increase the risk of tracking error and, at the worst, the fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
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A-Shares currency risk. The fund’s investments in A-Shares will be denominated in RMB and the income received by the fund in respect of such investments will be in RMB. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s returns. The value of the RMB may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the PRC, the US, foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global political or economic developments. Therefore, the fund’s exposure to RMB may result in reduced returns to the fund. The fund does not expect to hedge its currency risk. Moreover, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB and will bear the risk of any inability to convert the RMB.
Foreign investment risk. The fund faces the risks inherent in foreign investing. Adverse political, economic or social developments could undermine the value of the fund’s investments or prevent the fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in the US. Additionally, foreign securities markets generally are smaller and less liquid than US markets. To the extent that the fund invests in non-US dollar denominated foreign securities, changes in currency exchange rates may affect the US dollar value of foreign securities or the income or gain received on these securities.
Foreign governments may restrict investment by foreigners, limit withdrawal of trading profit or currency from the country, restrict currency exchange or seize foreign investments. In addition, the fund may be limited in its ability to exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty's legal obligations in certain jurisdictions outside of the US. The investments of the fund may also be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Foreign brokerage commissions and other fees are generally higher than those for US investments, and the transactions and custody of foreign assets may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Foreign markets can have liquidity risks beyond those typical of US markets. Because foreign exchanges generally are smaller and less liquid than US exchanges, buying and selling foreign investments can be more difficult and costly. Relatively small transactions can sometimes materially affect the price and availability of securities. In certain situations, it may become virtually impossible to sell an investment at a price that approaches portfolio management’s estimate of its value. For the same reason, it may at times be difficult to value the fund’s foreign investments. In addition, because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
In addition, various PRC companies derive their revenues in RMB but have requirements for foreign currency, including for the import of materials, debt service on foreign currency denominated debt, purchases of imported equipment and payment of any cash dividends declared. The existing PRC foreign exchange regulations have significantly reduced government foreign exchange controls for certain transactions, including trade and service related foreign exchange transactions and payment of dividends. However, it is impossible to predict whether the PRC government will continue its existing foreign exchange policy and when the PRC government will allow free conversion of the RMB to foreign currency. Certain foreign exchange transactions, including principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, currently continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of SAFE. Since 1994, the conversion of RMB into US dollars has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous day’s PRC interbank foreign exchange market rate. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of RMB to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In addition, a market maker system was introduced to the interbank spot foreign exchange market. In July 2008, China announced that its exchange rate regime was further transformed into a managed floating mechanism based on market supply and demand. Given the domestic and overseas economic developments, the PBOC decided to further improve the RMB exchange rate regime in June 2010 to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate. In April 2012, the PBOC decided to take a further step to increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate by expanding the daily trading band from +/– 0.5% to +/– 1%. Effective from March 17, 2014, the floating band of RMB against USD on the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market was enlarged from 1% to 2%, i.e., on every trading day on the inter-bank spot market, the trading prices of RMB against USD would fluctuate within a band of +/– 2 below and above the central parity as released by the China Foreign Exchange Trade System on that day. On each business day, the spread between the RMB/USD buying and selling prices offered by the designated foreign exchange banks to their clients was within 3% of the published central parity of USD on that day, instead of 2%. Effective from August 11, 2015, the RMB central parity is fixed against the USD by reference to the closing rate of the interbank foreign exchange market on the previous day (rather than the previous morning’s official setting). It is not possible to predict nor give any assurance of any future stability of the RMB to US dollar exchange rate. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s NAV. Furthermore, because dividends are declared in US
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dollars and underlying payments are made in RMB, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect dividends paid by the fund.
Depositary receipt risk. Foreign investments in American Depositary Receipts and other depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Certain of the depositary receipts in which the fund invests may be unsponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer and may not carry the same voting privileges as sponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued by one or more depositaries in response to market demand, but without a formal agreement with the company that issues the underlying securities.
Derivatives risk. Derivatives are financial instruments, such as futures and swaps, whose values are based on the value of one or more indicators, such as a security, asset, currency, interest rate, or index. Derivatives involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. For example, derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying indicator. Derivative transactions can create investment leverage, may be highly volatile and the fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Many derivative transactions are entered into “over-the-counter” (i.e., not on an exchange or contract market); as a result, the value of such a derivative transaction will depend on the ability and the willingness of the fund’s counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the fund’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the fund’s derivative positions at any time.
Counterparty risk. To the extent the fund invests in swaps to gain exposure to A-Shares in an effort to achieve the fund’s investment objective, the fund will be subject to the risk that the number of counterparties able to enter into swaps to provide exposure to A-Shares may be limited. To the extent that the QFI license of a potential swap counterparty is revoked or eliminated due to actions by the Chinese government or as a result of transactions entered into by the counterparty with other investors, the counterparty’s ability to continue to enter into swaps or other derivative transactions with the fund may be reduced or eliminated, which could have a material adverse effect on the fund. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions linked to the performance of A-Shares.
Furthermore, swaps are of limited duration and there is no guarantee that swaps entered into with a counterparty will continue indefinitely. Accordingly, the duration of a swap depends on, among other things, the ability of the fund to renew the expiration period of the relevant swap at agreed upon terms. QFIs may be limited or prohibited from entering into swap or other derivative transactions on QFI investments with the fund, which, in turn, could adversely affect the fund.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Financials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the financials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the financials sector. The financials sector is subject to extensive government regulation, can be subject to relatively rapid change due to increasingly blurred distinctions between service segments, and can be significantly affected by the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition.
Certain events in the financials sector may cause an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, and cause certain financials sector companies to incur large losses. Securities of financials sector companies may experience a decline in value when such companies experience substantial declines in the valuations of their assets, take action to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or equity securities), or cease operations. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers and financial losses associated with investment activities can negatively impact the financials sector. Issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets can be particularly affected by market turmoil.
The financial services sector in China is also undergoing significant change, including continuing consolidations, development of new products and structures and changes to its regulatory framework, which may have an impact on the issuers included in the Underlying Index. Increased government involvement in the financial services sector, including measures such as taking ownership positions in financial institutions, could result in a dilution of the fund’s investments in financial institutions.
Information technology sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the information technology sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the information technology sector. Information technology companies are particularly vulnerable to government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign
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competitors with lower production costs. Information technology companies also face competition for services of qualified personnel. Additionally, the products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological development and frequent new product introduction by competitors. Finally, information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of
errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses to the fund. This is especially true given the limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions on A-Shares. In addition, a swap transaction may be subject to the fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. Swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap agreement becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may prevent the fund from being able to realize full value and thus sell a security for its full valuation. This could cause a material decline in the fund’s net asset value.
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Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or Subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the Subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
For purposes of calculating the fund’s net asset value, the value of assets denominated in non-US currencies is converted into US dollars using prevailing market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more data service providers. This conversion may result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the fund’s net asset value and the prices used by the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Differences between secondary market prices and the value of the fund’s holdings may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which may not be the same forces as those influencing prices for securities held by the fund at a particular time. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units, the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. In addition, there may be times when the market price and the value of the fund’s holdings vary significantly and you may pay more than the value of the fund’s holdings when buying shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than the value of the fund’s holdings when you sell those shares. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in trading prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. If market makers. exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund’s shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). The market price of shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that shares may trade
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at a discount to the fund’s NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your shares. There are various methods by which investors can purchase and sell shares of the funds and various orders that may be placed. Investors should consult their financial intermediary before purchasing or selling shares of a fund.
In addition, the securities held by a fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than an exchange. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when an exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. More generally, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The bid-ask spread varies over time for shares of a fund based on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the fund has substantial trading volume and market liquidity, and higher if the fund has little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched or small in size). The fund’s bid-ask spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the fund, particularly for newly launched or smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities. The bid/ask spread of the Fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with a fund. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the fund’s shares.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing
of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Cyber-attacks may include unauthorized attempts by third parties to improperly access, modify, disrupt the operations of, or prevent access to the systems of the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants or data within them. In addition, power or communications outages, acts of god, information technology equipment malfunctions, operational errors, and inaccuracies within software or data processing systems may also disrupt business operations or impact critical data.
Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders or cause reputational damage and subject the fund to regulatory fines, litigation costs, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures involving a fund counterparty could affect such counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations to the fund, which may result in losses to the fund and its shareholders. Similar types of operational and technology risks are also present for issuers of securities held by the fund, which could have material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the fund’s investments to lose value. Furthermore, as a result of cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities or the entire market, which may result in the fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or unable to accurately price its investments.
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For example, the fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV. Therefore, the fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. The fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in securities of a few issuers or a single issuer than that of a diversified fund. As a result, the fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular issuers, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these issuers. This may increase the fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the fund’s performance.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike many ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Other more conventional ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realizing gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Effecting all redemptions for cash may cause the fund to sell portfolio securities in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. Such dispositions may occur at an inopportune time resulting in potential losses to the fund and involve transaction costs. If the fund recognizes a capital loss on these sales, the loss will offset capital gains (subject to certain limitations) and may result in smaller capital gain distributions from the fund. If the fund recognizes gain on these sales, this generally will cause the fund to recognize gain it might not otherwise have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in-kind or to recognize such gain sooner than would otherwise be required. The fund generally intends to distribute these gains to shareholders to avoid being taxed on this gain at the fund
level and otherwise comply with the special tax rules that apply to it. This strategy may cause shareholders to be subject to tax on gains they would not otherwise be subject to, or at an earlier date than, if they had made an investment in a more conventional ETF.
In addition, cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees and taxes. These brokerage fees and taxes, which will be higher than if a fund sold and redeemed its shares principally in-kind, will generally be passed on to purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units in the form of creation and redemption transaction fees. To the extent transaction and other costs associated with a redemption exceed the redemption fee, those transaction costs might be borne by the fund’s remaining shareholders. China may also impose higher local tax rates on transactions involving certain companies. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs.
As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker-dealers, purchase or redeem Creation Units. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the fund on an exchange.
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Small and medium-sized company risk. Small and medium-sized company stocks tend to be more volatile than large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow medium-sized companies, less information about them is available to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on small and medium-sized companies, since they lack the financial resources of larger companies. Small and medium-sized company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Futures risk. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return and the potential loss from futures can exceed the fund’s initial investment in such contracts.
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US tax risk. The fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. However, should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investments in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Internal Revenue Code. If the fund fails to satisfy the distribution requirements necessary to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, the fund would be treated as a corporation subject to US federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by the fund to tax at the corporate level. If the fund fails to satisfy a separate distribution requirement, it will be subject to a fund-level excise tax. These fund-level taxes will apply in addition to taxes payable at the shareholder level on distributions.
Borrowing risk. Borrowing creates leverage. It also adds to fund expenses and at times could effectively force the fund to sell securities when it otherwise might not want to.
To the extent that the fund borrows money and then invests that money, it creates leverage, in that the fund is exposed to investment risks through the securities it has pledged for collateral as well as through the investments it purchases with the money borrowed against that collateral. This leverage means that changes in the prices of securities the fund owns will have a greater effect on the share price of the fund. The fund incurs interest expense and other costs when it borrows money; therefore, unless returns on assets acquired with borrowed funds are greater than the costs of borrowing, performance will be lower than it would have been without any borrowing. When the fund borrows money it must comply with certain asset coverage requirements, which at times may require the fund to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings even though it may be disadvantageous to do so at that time.
Leveraging Risk. The fund’s investment in futures contracts and other derivative instruments provide leveraged exposure. The fund’s investment in these instruments generally requires a small investment relative to the amount of investment exposure assumed. As a result, such investments may give rise to losses that exceed the amount invested in those instruments. The use of derivatives and other similar financial instruments may at times be an integral part of the fund’s investment strategy and may expose the fund to potentially dramatic losses (or gains) in the value of a derivative or other financial instruments and, thus, in the value the fund’s portfolio. The cost of investing in such instruments generally increases as interest rates increase, which will lower a fund’s return.
Underlying funds risk. To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in one or more Underlying Funds, the fund’s performance will be directly related to
the performance of an Underlying Fund. The fund’s investments in other investment companies subject the fund to the risks affecting those investment companies.
In addition, the fund indirectly pays a portion of the expenses incurred by an Underlying Fund, which lowers performance. To the extent that the fund’s allocations favor an Underlying Fund with higher expenses, the overall cost of investing paid by the fund will be higher.
The fund is also subject to the risk that an Underlying Fund may pay a redemption request made by the fund, wholly or partly, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities rather than in cash. The fund may hold such portfolio securities until the Advisor determines to dispose of them, and the fund will bear the market risk of the securities received in the redemption until their disposition. Upon disposing of such portfolio securities, the fund may experience increased brokerage commissions.
An investor in the fund may receive taxable gains from portfolio transactions by an Underlying Fund, as well as taxable gains from transactions in shares of the Underlying Fund held by the fund. As the fund’s allocations to an Underlying Fund change from time to time, or to the extent that the expense ratio of an Underlying Fund changes, the weighted average operating expenses borne by the fund may increase or decrease.
To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in shares of foreign investment companies, including but not limited to, ETFs the shares of which are listed and traded primarily or solely on a foreign securities exchange, such foreign funds will not be registered as investment companies with the SEC or subject to the US federal securities laws. As a result, the fund’s ability to transfer shares of such foreign funds outside of the foreign fund’s primary market will be restricted or prohibited. While such foreign funds may operate similarly to domestic funds, the fund as an investor in a foreign fund will not be afforded the same investor protections as are provided by the US federal securities laws.
When the fund invests in a foreign fund, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the foreign fund’s expenses. Further, in part because of these additional expenses, the performance of a foreign fund may differ from the performance the fund would achieve if it invested directly in the underlying investments of the foreign fund. The fund’s investments in foreign ETFs will be subject to the risk that the NAV of the foreign fund’s shares may trade below the fund’s NAV. The NAV of foreign fund shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the foreign fund’s holdings. The trading prices of foreign fund shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as market supply and demand. The difference between the bid price and ask price, commonly referred to as the “spread,” will also vary for a foreign ETF depending on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity. Generally, the greater the trading volume and
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market liquidity, the smaller the spread is and vice versa. Any of these factors may lead to a foreign fund’s shares trading at a premium or a discount to NAV.
Portfolio turnover risk. The fund may experience frequent portfolio turnover due to the reconstituting and rebalancing of the Underlying Index. A portfolio turnover rate of 200%, for example, is equivalent to the fund buying and selling all of its securities two times during the course of the year. A high portfolio turnover rate could result in high brokerage costs.
Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the MSCI China A Inclusion Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to track the equity market performance of China A-Shares that are accessible through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shanghai Connect”) or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shenzhen Connect,” and together with Shanghai Connect, “Stock Connect”). “A-Shares” are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated in renminbi (“RMB”). Certain eligible A-Shares are traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) or Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The Underlying Index is designed to track the inclusion of A-Shares in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index over time and is constructed by MSCI, Inc. (the “Index Provider” or “MSCI”) by applying eligibility criteria for the MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes (“GIMI”), and then excluding small-capitalization A-Shares (as determined by MSCI), A-Shares suspended for trading for more than 50 days in the past 12 months and A-Shares that are not accessible through Stock Connect. The Underlying Index is weighted by each issuer’s free float-adjusted market capitalization (i.e., includes only shares that are readily available for trading in the market) available to foreign investors and includes only large-capitalization companies, as determined by MSCI. The fund intends to invest in A-Shares included in the Underlying Index primarily through Stock Connect. Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”) and Hong Kong. Stock Connect was developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, the SSE (in the case of Shanghai Connect) or the SZSE (in the case of Shenzhen Connect), and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). Under
Stock Connect, the fund’s trading of eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE or the SZSE, as applicable, would be effectuated through DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”). Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect, and as such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota is not specific to the fund, but to all investors investing through the Stock Connect. From time to time, other stock exchanges in China may participate in Stock Connect, and A-Shares listed and traded on such other stock exchanges and accessible through Stock Connect may be added to the Underlying Index, as determined by MSCI.
Under current regulations in China, foreign investors can also invest in the PRC’s domestic securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) in order to participate in the program. QFIs will also need to register with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect, but, in the future, may also utilize a QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor subsequently appointed for the fund. In the event the Advisor obtains a QFI license, or appoints a subadvisor that has such license, under certain circumstances, including when the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect is restricted as a result of the Daily Quota or otherwise, the Advisor and/or a subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the SSE and SZSE through the QFI program. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota of Stock Connect through the QFI program.
The Advisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Advisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the
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Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Advisor to acquire component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Advisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Advisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities (including depositary receipts in respect of such securities) of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipt or any depositary receipt that the Advisor and/or subadvisor deem illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via Stock Connect and, in the future, may also utilize any QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), whether or not managed by the Advisor, as well as foreign investment companies, that the Advisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese issuers.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 474 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $3.99 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $405 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly in February, May, August and November. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the financials (18.44%) and consumer staples (15.74%) sectors. The financials sector includes companies involved in banking, consumer finance, asset management and custody banks, as well as investment banking and brokerage and insurance. The consumer staples sector includes companies whose businesses are less sensitive to economic cycles, such as manufacturers and distributors of food, beverages and producers of non-durable household goods and personal products. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The Advisor intends to fully (or at least substantially) replicate the fund’s Underlying Index, but may pursue a representative sampling indexing strategy in circumstances where there is limited availability of component securities or regulatory restrictions that inhibit the transferability of component securities. In addition, from time to time, the Advisor may choose to underweight or overweight a security in the fund’s Underlying Index, purchase securities not included in the Underlying Index that the Advisor believes are appropriate to substitute for certain securities in the Underlying Index, or utilize various combinations of other available investment techniques to seek to track, before fees and expenses, the performance of the Underlying Index. The fund also may seek to gain exposure to A-Shares through means other than Stock Connect, including the use of any future QFI license or any other method permitted by the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”) law and consistent with the fund’s investment policies. The Advisor may also sell securities that are represented in the fund’s Underlying Index in anticipation of their removal from the Underlying Index or purchase securities not represented in the Underlying Index in anticipation of their addition to the Underlying Index.
The fund may invest its assets in other securities, including, but not limited to: (i) swap contracts, (ii) interests in pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and foreign funds (certain funds may not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and therefore, not subject to the same investor protections as the fund), (iii) securities not in the Underlying Index, including: (a) depositary receipts (depositary receipts, including American depositary receipts (“ADRs”) may be used by the fund in seeking performance that corresponds to the fund’s Underlying Index and in managing cash flows, and they may count towards compliance with the fund’s 80% investment policies), (iv) cash and cash equivalents, (v) money market instruments, such
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as repurchase agreements or money market funds (including money market funds advised by the Advisor, HGI or their affiliates subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act, or exemptions therefrom), (vi) convertible securities, (vii) structured notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement of a particular stock or stock index), and (viii) futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and other types of options related to the Underlying Index. A futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time.
The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
The fund or securities referred to herein are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by MSCI, and MSCI bears no liability with respect to the fund or securities or any index on which the fund or securities are based. The Prospectus contains a more detailed description of the limited relationship MSCI has with DBX Advisors LLC and any related funds.
Securities lending. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for other purposes. In connection with such loans, the fund receives liquid collateral equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities being lent. This collateral is marked to market on a daily basis. The fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets.
Underlying Index Information
Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF Index Description.
The Underlying Index is calculated and maintained by MSCI Inc. (the “Index Provider” or “MSCI”). MSCI’s Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market’s free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, 23 are classified as developed markets, 24 as emerging markets, and 28 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. Real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country, which allows for a distinctive sorting of each company by its respective country.
The Underlying Index is designed to track the equity market performance of China A-Shares that are accessible through the Stock Connect. “A-Shares” are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated in renminbi (“RMB”). Certain eligible A-Shares are traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchanges (“SSE”) or Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The Underlying Index is designed to track the inclusion of A-Shares in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index over time and is constructed by MSCI by applying eligibility criteria for the MSCI GIMI, and then excluding mid- and small-capitalization A-Shares (as determined by MSCI), A-Shares suspended for trading for more than 50 days in the past 12 months and A-Shares that are not accessible through Stock Connect. The Underlying Index is weighted by each issuer’s free float-adjusted market capitalization available to foreign investors and includes only large- capitalization companies, as determined by MSCI. As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 474 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $3.99 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $405 million. These amounts are subject to change.
The Underlying Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis in February, May, August, and November.
During extraordinary market conditions, the Index Provider may delay any scheduled rebalancing of the Underlying Index. During any such delay it is possible that the Underlying Index will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective.
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the
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stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Risk of investing in China. Investments in China involve certain risks and special considerations, including the following:
Investments in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect. In the future, the fund may utilize an QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor. Because the fund will not be able to invest directly in A-Shares beyond the limits that may be imposed by Stock Connect, the size of the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares may be limited. In addition, restrictions may be imposed on the repatriation of gains and income that may affect the fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests. Currently, there are two stock exchanges in mainland China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The SSE and SZSE are supervised by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and are highly automated with trading and settlement executed electronically. The SSE and SZSE are substantially smaller, less liquid, and more volatile than the major securities markets in the US.
The SSE commenced trading on December 19, 1990, and the SZSE commenced trading on July 3, 1991. The SSE and SZSE divide listed shares into two classes: A-Shares and B-Shares. Companies whose shares are traded on the SSE and SZSE that are incorporated in mainland China may issue both A-Shares and B-Shares. In China, the A-Shares and B-Shares of an issuer may only trade on one exchange. A-Shares and B-Shares may both be listed on either the SSE or SZSE. Both classes represent an ownership interest comparable to a share of common stock and all shares are entitled to substantially the same rights and benefits associated with ownership. A-Shares are traded on SSE and SZSE in RMB.
Because restrictions continue to exist and capital therefore cannot flow freely into the A-Share market, it is possible that in the event of a market disruption, the liquidity of the A-Share market and trading prices of A-Shares could be more severely affected than the liquidity and trading prices of markets where securities are freely tradable and capital therefore flows more freely. The fund cannot predict the nature or duration of such a market disruption or the impact that it may have on the A-Share market and the short-term and long-term prospects of its investments in the A-Share market.
The Chinese government has in the past taken actions that benefited holders of A-Shares. As A-Shares become more accessible to foreign investors, such as the funds, the Chinese government may be less likely to take action that would benefit holders of A-Shares. In addition, there is no guarantee that any existing QFI license will be maintained or will not be revoked by CSRC at some point in the future. The fund cannot predict what would occur if the
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Stock Connect program was terminated, or if the relevant QFI license were to be revoked, although such an occurrence would likely have a material adverse effect on the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund, which may in the future invest in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Custody risks of investing in A-Shares under the QFI program. For investments under the QFI program, the Advisor and/or a subadvisor as a QFI is required to select a PRC sub-custodian (the “PRC sub-custodian”) which satisfies relevant requirements as set out in QFI rules and regulations. The PRC sub-custodian maintains the fund’s deposit accounts and oversees the fund’s investments in A-Shares in the PRC to ensure their compliance with the rules and regulations of the CSRC and the PBOC. A-Shares that are traded on the SSE and SZSE are dealt and held in book-entry form through the CSDCC. A-Shares purchased by the Advisor and/or a subadvisor, in their capacity as an QFI, on behalf of the fund, may be received by the CSDCC as credited to a securities trading account maintained by the PRC sub-custodian in the names of the fund and the Advisor and/or a subadvisor as the QFI. The Advisor and/or a subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor for the
benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Advisor and/or a subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Because the Advisor and/or a subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Advisor and/or a subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Advisor and/or a subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund.
Investors should note that cash deposited in the fund’s account with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash belonging to other clients of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in the account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. A fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. Although no individual investment quotas or licensing requirements apply to investors in Stock Connect, trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. The Daily Quota does not belong to the fund and is utilized by all investors on a first-come-first- serve basis. As such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota may restrict the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect on a timely basis, which could affect the fund’s ability to effectively pursue its investment strategy. The Daily Quota is also subject to change.
In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”) generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. While A-shares must be designated as eligible to be
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traded under Stock Connect (such eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE, the “SSE Securities,” and such eligible A-Shares listed on the SZSE, the “SZSE Securities”), those A-Shares may also lose such designation, and if this occurs, such A-Shares may be sold but could no longer be purchased through Stock Connect. With respect to sell orders under Stock Connect, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) carries out pre-trade checks to ensure an investor has sufficient A-Shares in its account before the market opens on the trading day. Accordingly, if there are insufficient A-Shares in an investor’s account before the market opens on the trading day, the sell order will be rejected, which may adversely impact the funds’ performance. However, the fund may request a custodian to open a special segregated account (“SPSA”) in CCASS (the Central Clearing and Settlement System operated by HKSCC (the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited) for the clearing securities listed or traded on SEHK) to maintain its holdings in A-Shares under the enhanced pre-trade checking model. Each SPSA will be assigned a unique “Investor ID” by CCASS for the purpose of facilitating Stock Connect order routing system to verify the holdings of an investor such as the fund. Provided that there is sufficient holding in the SPSA when a broker inputs the fund’s sell order, the fund will be able to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares (as opposed to the practice of transferring A-Shares to the broker’s account under the current pre-trade checking model for non-SPSA accounts). Opening of the SPSA accounts for the fund will enable it to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares in a timely manner.
In addition, Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A- Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading. Each of the SEHK, SSE and SZSE reserves the right to suspend trading under Stock Connect under certain circumstances. Where such a suspension of trading is effected, the fund’s ability to access A-Shares through Stock Connect will be adversely affected. In addition, if one or both of the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed on a US trading day, the fund may not be able to acquire or dispose of A-Shares through Stock Connect in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance.
The fund’s investments in A-Shares though Stock Connect are held by its custodian in accounts in CCASS maintained by the HKSCC, which in turn holds the A-Shares, as the nominee holder, through an omnibus securities account in its name registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). The precise nature and rights of each fund as the beneficial owner of the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities through HKSCC as nominee is not well defined under PRC law. There is a lack of a clear definition of, and distinction between, legal
ownership and beneficial ownership under PRC law and there have been few cases involving a nominee account structure in the PRC courts. The exact nature and methods of enforcement of the rights and interests of each fund under PRC law is also uncertain. In the unlikely event that HKSCC becomes subject to winding up proceedings in Hong Kong, there is a risk that the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities may not be regarded as held for the beneficial ownership of each fund or as part of the general assets of HKSCC available for general distribution to its creditors.
Notwithstanding the fact that HKSCC does not claim proprietary interests in the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities held in its omnibus stock account in the CSDCC, the CSDCC as the share registrar for SSE- or SZSE-listed companies will still treat HKSCC as one of the shareholders when it handles corporate actions in respect of such SSE Securities or SZSE Securities. HKSCC monitors the corporate actions affecting SSE Securities and SZSE Securities and keeps participants of CCASS informed of all such corporate actions that require CCASS participants to take steps in order to participate in them. A fund will therefore depend on HKSCC for both settlement and notification and implementation of corporate actions.
The HKSCC is responsible for the clearing, settlement and the provisions of depositary, nominee and other related services of the trades executed by Hong Kong market participants and investors. Accordingly, investors do not hold SSE Securities or SZSE Securities directly – they are held through their brokers’ or custodians’ accounts with CCASS. The HKSCC and the CSDCC establish clearing links and each has become a participant of the other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-border trades. Should CSDCC default and the CSDCC be declared as a defaulter, HKSCC’s liabilities in Stock Connect under its market contracts with clearing participants will be limited to assisting clearing participants in pursuing their claims against the CSDCC. In that event, the fund may suffer delays in the recovery process or may not be able to fully recover its losses from the CSDCC.
Market participants are able to participate in Stock Connect subject to meeting certain information technology capability, risk management and other requirements as may be specified by the relevant exchange and/or clearing house. Further, the “connectivity” in Stock Connect requires the routing of orders across the borders of Hong Kong and the PRC. This requires the development of new information technology systems on the part of the SEHK and exchange participants. There is no assurance that these systems will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in A-Shares through Stock Connect could be disrupted, and the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected.
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A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions.
Finally, according to Caishui [2014] 81 (“Circular 81”) and Caishui [2016] 127 (“Circular 127”), while foreign investors are exempted from paying capital gains or business taxes (later, value-added taxes) on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund. Dividends derived from A-Shares are subject to a 10% PRC withholding income tax generally. PRC stamp duty is also payable for transactions in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Currently, PRC stamp duty on A-Shares transactions is only imposed on the seller, but not on the purchaser, at the tax rate of 0.1% of the total sales value.
Circular 81 and Circular 127 stipulate that PRC business tax (and, subsequently, PRC value-added tax) is temporarily exempted on capital gains derived by Hong Kong market participants (including the fund) from the trading of A-Shares through Stock Connect. According to Caishui [2016] No. 36, the PRC value- added tax reform in the PRC will be expanded to all industries, including financial services, starting May 1, 2016. The PRC business tax exemption prescribed in Circular 81 is grandfathered under the value-added tax regime.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares listed on the SSE through Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and those listed on the SZSE through Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt
from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund's direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor's or subadvisor’s QFI license in the future becomes subject to repatriation restrictions, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of a fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1,
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2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value- added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a fund and their shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), a fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on a fund’s return could be substantial. A fund will be liable to the Advisor and/or subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor and/or subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
To the extent a fund invests in swaps linked to A-Shares, such investments may be less tax-efficient for US tax purposes than a direct investment in A-Shares. Any tax liability incurred by the swap counterparty may be passed on to a fund. When a fund sells a swap on A-Shares, the sale price may take into account of the QFI’s tax liability.
Investments in swaps and other derivatives may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the character, timing and amount of income earned by a fund (e.g., by causing amounts that would be capital gain to be taxed as ordinary income or to be taken into income earlier than would otherwise be necessary). Also, a fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in its swaps and derivatives to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. For example, swaps in which a fund may invest may need to be reset on a regular basis in order to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, which may increase the likelihood that the fund will generate short-term capital gains. In addition, because the application of special tax rules to a fund and its investments may be uncertain, it is possible that the manner in which they are applied by the fund may be determined to be incorrect. In that event, a fund may be found to have failed to maintain its qualification as a RIC or to be subject to additional US tax liability. A fund may make investments, both directly and through swaps or other derivative positions, in companies classified as passive foreign investment companies for US federal income tax purposes (“PFICs”). Investments in PFICs are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to the fund and its shareholders.
Political and economic risk. The economy of China, which has been in a state of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy, differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, its state
of development, its growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the majority of productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government at various levels, in recent years, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures emphasizing utilization of market forces in the development of the economy of China and a high level of management autonomy. The economy of China has experienced significant growth in recent decades, but growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Economic growth has also been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The PRC government has implemented various measures from time to time to control inflation and restrain the rate of economic growth.
For several decades, the PRC government has carried out economic reforms to achieve decentralization and utilization of market forces to develop the economy of the PRC. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will continue to pursue such economic policies or that such policies, if pursued, will be successful. Any adjustment and modification of those economic policies may have an adverse impact on the securities markets in the PRC as well as the constituent securities of the Underlying Index. Further, the PRC government may from time to time adopt corrective measures to control the growth of the PRC economy which may also have an adverse impact on the capital growth and performance of the fund.
Political changes, social instability and adverse diplomatic developments in the PRC could result in the imposition of additional government restrictions including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property held by the issuers of the A-Shares in the fund’s Underlying Index. The laws, regulations, including the investment regulations, government policies and political and economic climate in China may change with little or no advance notice. Any such change could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
The Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic sectors through ownership positions and regulations. The allocation of resources in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Recently, the Chinese government has become more aggressive about regulating the operations of particular companies or sectors, including large companies which are indirectly listed in the US. These regulations may substantially limit or prohibit the operations of such companies and cause investors to lose some or all of the
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value of their investment. The policies set by the government could have a substantial effect on the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
The Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade. The performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The domestic consumer class in China is still emergent, while the economy's dependence on exports may not be sustainable. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of its primary trading partners, such as the European Union, the US, Hong Kong, the Association of South East Asian Nations, and Japan, would adversely affect the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
In addition, as much of China’s growth over recent decades has been a result of significant investment in substantial export trade, international trade tensions may arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative consequences. The current political climate has intensified concerns about trade tariffs and a potential trade war between China and the US. These consequences may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry with a potentially severe negative impact to the fund. In addition, it is possible that the continuation or worsening of the current political climate could result in regulatory restrictions being contemplated or imposed in the US or in China that could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to invest in accordance with its investment policies and/or achieve its investment objective. In July 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (“PWG”) proposed a number of regulatory changes aimed at addressing potential risks to US investors from investments in issuers that provide limited access to their financial statements, including Chinese companies. The PWG’s proposals included having the SEC consider encouraging or requiring US registered funds to conduct additional due diligence on an index’s exposure to such issuers and how the index provider addresses concerns arising from limited availability of such issuers’ financial information. If the SEC adopts these proposals, they could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. In addition, in June 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order (“CMIC Order”) prohibiting US persons, including the fund, from purchasing or selling publicly traded securities (including publicly traded securities that are derivative of, or are designed to provide exposure to, such securities) of any Chinese company identified as a Chinese Military Industrial Complex Company (“CMIC”). This prohibition, effective August 2, 2021, expands on similar sanctions imposed by the prior
administration on certain designated Chinese military companies (“CCMCs”) that took effect in January 2021. To the extent that any company in the Underlying Index is identified as a CMIC at any time (or was previously designated as a CCMC), it may have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index. Also,in December 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was signed into law. When implemented, the HFCAA could cause securities of foreign issuers (including China) to be de-listed from US stock exchanges if those companies do not permit US oversight of the auditing of their financial information. The potential impact of the HFCAA is unclear at this time, but to the extent that the fund currently transacts in securities of a foreign company in the Underlying Index on a US exchange but is unable to do so in the future, the fund will have to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities or obtain exposure to such securities through alternative means (such as derivatives), either of which could increase the fund’s costs and have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. Finally, the Chair of the SEC announced in July 2021 that the SEC would be requiring additional disclosures about the corporate structure of Chinese companies listing in the US (pursuant to which US investors own shares in an offshore shell company rather than the Chinese company itself) and the risks to US investors, including the risks of such companies being delisted from the US exchange under the HFCAA. Events such as these are difficult to predict and may or may not occur in the future.
China has been transitioning to a market economy since the late seventies, and has only recently opened up to foreign investment and permitted private economic activity. Under the economic reforms implemented by the Chinese government, the Chinese economy has experienced tremendous growth, developing into one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is no assurance, however, that the Chinese government will not revert to the economic policy of central planning that it implemented prior to 1978 or that such growth will be sustained in the future. An economic downturn in China would adversely impact the fund’s investments.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
Inflation. Economic growth in China has historically been accompanied by periods of high inflation. Beginning in 2004, the Chinese government commenced the implementation of various measures to control inflation, which
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included the tightening of the money supply, the raising of interest rates and more stringent control over certain industries. If these measures are not successful, and if inflation were to steadily increase, the performance of the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments could be adversely affected.
Nationalization and expropriation. After the formation of the Chinese socialist state in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations and nationalized private assets without providing any form of compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar actions in the future. Accordingly, an investment in the fund involves a risk of a total loss.
Hong Kong policy. As part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy with regard to its political, legal and economic systems for a period of at least 50 years. China controls matters that relate to defense and foreign affairs. Under the agreement, China does not tax Hong Kong, does not limit the exchange of the Hong Kong dollar for foreign currencies and does not place restrictions on free trade in Hong Kong. However, there is no guarantee that China will continue to honor the agreement, and China may change its policies regarding Hong Kong at any time. As of July 2020, the Chinese Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacted the Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (the “Hong Kong Law”), which imposed substantial limits on Hong Kong’s political and legal autonomy in a manner widely considered within Hong Kong and by other countries as a violation of China’s agreement in 1997. Hong Kong has experienced wide protests and extensive turmoil before and after the enactment of this law. Also as of July 2020, Hong Kong is no longer afforded preferential economic treatment by the United States under US law, and there is uncertainty as to how the economy of Hong Kong will be affected. Any further changes in China's policies could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
Chinese securities markets. The securities markets in China have a limited operating history and are not as developed as those in the US. The markets tend to be smaller in size, have less liquidity and historically have had greater volatility than markets in the US and some other countries. In addition, under normal market conditions, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the US. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are US issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating
timely disclosure of information. During periods of significant market volatility, the Chinese government has, from time to time, intervened in its domestic securities markets to a greater degree than would be typical in more developed markets, including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulations.
Available disclosure about Chinese companies. Chinese companies are required to follow Chinese accounting standards and practices, which only follow international accounting standards to a certain extent. However, the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to PRC companies, including those listed on US exchanges, may be less rigorous, and there may be significant differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and practice and those prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a Chinese issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The quality of audits in China may be unreliable, which may require enhanced procedures. Consequently, the fund may not be provided the same degree of protection or information as would generally apply in developed countries and the fund may be exposed to significant losses. There is also substantially less publicly available information about Chinese issuers than there is about US issuers. Therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made, and less information may be available to the fund and other investors than would be the case if the fund’s investments were restricted to securities of US issuers.
Chinese corporate and securities law. The regulations which regulate investments by QFIs in the PRC and the repatriation of capital from QFI investments are relatively new. As a result, the application and interpretation of such investment regulations are therefore relatively untested. In addition, PRC authorities and regulators have broad discretion under such investment regulations and there is little precedent or certainty evidencing how such discretion will be exercised now or in the future.
The fund’s rights with respect to its investments in A-Shares (as applicable), if any, generally will not be governed by US law, and instead will generally be governed by Chinese law. China operates under a civil law system, in which court precedent is not binding. Because there is no binding precedent to interpret existing statutes, there is uncertainty regarding the implementation of existing law.
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Legal principles relating to corporate affairs and the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and liabilities and stockholders’ rights often differ from those that may apply in the US and other countries. Chinese laws providing protection to investors, such as laws regarding the fiduciary duties of officers and directors, are undeveloped and will not provide investors, such as the fund, with protection in all situations where protection would be provided by comparable laws in the US. China lacks a national set of laws that address all issues that may arise with regard to a foreign investor such as the fund. It may therefore be difficult for the fund to enforce its rights as an investor under Chinese corporate and securities laws, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to obtain a judgment in court. Moreover, as Chinese corporate and securities laws continue to develop, these developments may adversely affect foreign investors, such as the fund.
Due to restrictions on foreign ownership of Chinese companies imposed under Chinese law, Chinese companies that are listed in the US typically do not offer common stock in the company itself to US investors. Rather, Chinese companies typically offer shares of an offshore shell company that has entered into service and other contracts with the Chinese company. Accordingly, US investors in Chinese companies listed on a US stock exchange do not actually own shares of the Chinese company itself. Moreover, the Chinese government may at any time invalidate or limit the contracts between a Chinese company and the offshore shell company which is offering shares in the US, which may result in the partial or total loss of the value of a US investor's shares in the offshore shell company even if a direct investment in the Chinese company would retain value.
Other sanctions and embargoes. From time to time, certain of the companies in which the fund expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Tax on retained income and gains. To the extent the fund does not distribute to shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain in a given year, it will be required to pay US federal income tax on the retained income and gains, thereby reducing the fund’s return. A fund may elect to treat any retained net capital gain as having been distributed to shareholders. In that case, shareholders of record on the last day of the fund’s taxable year will be required to include their attributable share of the retained gain in
income for the year as a long-term capital gain despite not actually receiving the dividend, and will be entitled to a tax credit or refund for the tax deemed paid on their behalf by the fund as well as an increase in the basis of their shares to reflect the difference between their attributable share of the gain and the related credit or refund.
Foreign exchange control. The Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Under China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) regulations, Chinese corporations may only purchase foreign currencies through government approved banks. In general, Chinese companies must receive approval from or register with the Chinese government before investing in certain capital account items, including direct investments and loans, and must thereafter maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for the capital items. Foreign investors may only exchange foreign currencies at specially authorized banks after complying with documentation requirements. These restrictions may adversely affect the fund and its investments. The international community has requested that China ease its restrictions on currency exchange, but it is unclear whether the Chinese government will change its policy.
RMB, is currently not a freely convertible currency as it is subject to foreign exchange control, fiscal policies and repatriation restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. Such control of currency conversion and movements in the RMB exchange rates may adversely affect the operations and financial results of companies in the PRC. In addition, if such control policies change in the future, the fund may be adversely affected. Since 2005, the exchange rate of the RMB is no longer pegged to the US dollar. The RMB has now moved to a managed floating exchange rate based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of foreign currencies. The daily trading price of the RMB against other major currencies in the inter-bank foreign exchange market would be allowed to float within a narrow band around the central parity published by the People’s Bank of China. As the exchange rates are based primarily on market forces, the exchange rates for RMB against other currencies, including the US dollar, are susceptible to movements based on external factors. There can be no assurance that the RMB will not be subject to appreciation or devaluation, either due to changes in government policy or market factors. Any devaluation of the RMB could adversely affect the value of the fund’s investments. The PRC government imposes restrictions on the remittance of RMB out of and into China. To the extent the fund invests through a QFI, the fund may be required to remit foreign freely convertible currencies (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) to the PRC to settle the purchase of A-Shares and other permissible securities by the fund. In the event such remittance is disrupted, the fund may not be able to fully replicate its Underlying Index by investing in the relevant A-Shares and this will increase the tracking error
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of the fund. Any delay in repatriation out of China may result in delay in payment of redemption proceeds to the redeeming investors. The Chinese government’s policies on exchange control and repatriation restrictions are subject to change, and the fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
Foreign currency considerations. The assets of the fund are invested primarily in the equity securities of issuers in China and the income received by the fund will be primarily in RMB.
RMB can be further categorized into onshore RMB (“CNY”), traded only in the PRC, and offshore RMB (“CNH”), traded outside the PRC. CNY and CNH are traded at different exchange rates and their exchange rates may not move in the same direction. Although there has been a growing amount of RMB held offshore, CNH cannot be freely remitted into the PRC and is subject to certain restrictions, and vice versa. The fund may also be adversely affected by the exchange rates between CNY and CNH. There is no assurance that there will always be RMB available in sufficient amounts for the fund to remain fully invested.
Meanwhile, the fund will compute and expects to distribute its income in US dollars, and the computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Any gain or loss attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the fund accrues income or gain and the time the fund converts such income or gain from RMB to the US dollar is generally treated as ordinary income or loss for US federal income tax purposes. Therefore, if the value of the RMB increases relative to the US dollar between the accrual of income and the time at which the fund converts the RMB to US dollars, the fund will recognize ordinary income when the RMB is converted. In such circumstances, if the fund has insufficient cash in US dollars to meet distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, the fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make distributions. The liquidation of investments, if required, may also have an adverse impact on the fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB. Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. A fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
Currently, there is no market in China in which the fund may engage in hedging transactions to minimize RMB foreign exchange risk in CNY, and there can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging currency in CNY will be available to the fund in China at any time in the future. In the event that in the future it becomes possible to hedge RMB currency risk in China in CNY, the fund may seek to reduce the foregoing currency risks by engaging in hedging transactions. In that case, the fund may enter into forward currency exchange contracts and currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts, as well as purchase put or call options on currencies, in China. The funds do not currently intend to hedge RMB currency risk in CNH. Currency hedging would involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s or subadvisor’s (as applicable) view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of currency transactions could result in the fund’s incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, exchange rate regulation, suspension of settlements or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency.
PRC brokers risk. Regulations adopted by the CSRC and SAFE under which the fund will invest in A-Shares provide that the Advisor and/or a subadvisor as a QFI, may select PRC broker(s) to execute transactions on its behalf on each of the two PRC exchanges – the SSE and SZSE. The Advisor and/or a subadvisor may select the same broker(s) for both exchanges. As a result, the Advisor and/or a subadvisor will have less flexibility to choose among brokers on behalf of the fund than is typically the case for US investment managers. In the event of any default of a PRC broker in the execution or settlement of any transaction or in the transfer of any funds or securities in the PRC, the fund may encounter delays in recovering its assets which may in turn adversely impact the NAV of the fund.
If the Advisor and/or a subadvisor is unable to use one of its designated PRC brokers in the PRC, units of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV or the fund may not be able to track the Underlying Index. Further, the operation of the fund may be adversely affected in the case of any acts or omissions of a PRC broker, which may result in increased tracking error or the fund being traded at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. The limited number of PRC brokers that may be appointed may cause the fund to not necessarily pay the lowest commission available in the market. The Advisor and/or a subadvisor, however, in its selection of PRC brokers will consider such factors as the competitiveness of commission rates, size of the relevant orders, and execution standards. There is a risk that the fund may suffer losses from the default, bankruptcy or disqualification of the PRC brokers. In such events, the fund may be adversely affected in the execution of any transaction.
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Disclosure of interests and short swing profit rule. The fund may be subject to shareholder disclosure of interest regulations promulgated by the CSRC. These regulations currently require the fund to make certain public disclosures when the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund acquire 5% or more of the issued voting securities of a listed company (which include A-Shares of the listed company). If the reporting requirement is triggered, the fund will be required to report information which includes, but is not limited to: (a) information about the fund (and parties acting in concert with the fund) and the type and extent of its holdings in the company; (b) a statement of the fund’s purposes for the investment and whether the fund intends to increase its holdings over the following 12-month period; (c) a statement of the fund’s historical investments in the company over the previous six months; (d) the time of, and other information relating to, the transaction that triggered the fund’s holding in the listed company reaching the 5% reporting threshold; and (e) other information that may be required by the CSRC or the stock exchange. Additional information may be required if the fund and its concerted parties constitute the largest shareholder or actual controlling shareholder of the listed company. The report must be made to the CSRC, the stock exchange, the invested company, and the CSRC local representative office where the listed company is located. A fund would also be required to make a public announcement through a media outlet designated by the CSRC. The public announcement must contain the same content as the official report. The public announcement may require the fund to disclose its holdings to the public, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
The relevant PRC regulations presumptively treat all affiliated investors and investors under common control as parties acting in concert. As such, under a conservative interpretation of these regulations, the fund may be deemed as a “concerted party” of other funds managed by the Advisor, subadvisor or their affiliates and therefore may be subject to the risk that the fund’s holdings may be required to be reported in the aggregate with the holdings of such other funds should the aggregate holdings trigger the reporting threshold under the PRC law. If the 5% shareholding threshold is triggered by the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund, the fund would be required to file its report within three days of the date the threshold is reached. During the time limit for filing the report, a trading freeze applies and the fund would not be permitted to make subsequent trades in the invested company’s securities. Any such trading freeze may undermine the fund’s performance, if the fund would otherwise make trades during that period but is prevented from doing so by the regulation.
Once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 5% or more will trigger a further reporting requirement and an additional trading freeze from the date the threshold is reached to the
end of three days after the report and announcement is made. These trading freezes may undermine the fund’s performance as described above. According to the securities laws of China, whoever purchases the voting securities of a listed company in violation of the requirements in this paragraph may not exercise the voting rights of the securities that exceed the threshold within 36 months after purchasing them.
Further, once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, for any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 1%, the fund would be required to notify the listed company and make an announcement thereon on the day immediately after the date the threshold is reached. Also, SSE requirements currently require the fund and parties acting in concert, once they have reach the 5% threshold, to disclose whenever their shareholding drops below this threshold (even as a result of trading which is less than the 5% incremental change that would trigger a reporting requirement under the relevant CSRC regulation).
CSRC regulations also contain additional disclosure (and tender offer) requirements that apply when an investor and parties acting in concert reach thresholds of 20% and greater than 30% shareholding in a company.
Subject to the interpretation of PRC courts and PRC regulators, the operation of the PRC short swing profit rule may be applicable to the trading of the fund with the result that where the holdings of the fund (possibly with the holdings of other investors deemed as concert parties of the fund) exceed 5% of the total issued voting shares of a listed company, the fund may not reduce its holdings in the company within six months of the last purchase of shares of the company. If a fund violates the rule, it may be required by the listed company to return any profits realized from such trading to the listed company. In addition, the rule limits the ability of the fund to repurchase securities of the listed company within six months of such sale. Moreover, under PRC civil procedures, the fund’s assets may be frozen to the extent of the claims made by the company in question. These risks may greatly impair the performance of the fund.
Investment and repatriation restrictions. Investments by the fund in A-Shares (as well as other Chinese financial instruments permitted by the CSRC and the People’s Bank of China, including open- and closed-end investment companies) may be subject to governmental pre-approval limitations on the quantity that the fund may purchase and/or limits on the classes of securities in which the fund may invest.
With respect to investments in A-Shares made through the QFI program, repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements
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set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Advisor and/or a subadvisor’s control. There is no assurance, however, that PRC rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s assets may adversely affect the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests and/or may cause the fund to borrow money in order to meet its obligations. These limitations may also prevent the fund from making certain distributions to shareholders.
The Chinese government limits foreign investment in the securities of certain Chinese issuers entirely, if foreign investment is banned in respect of the industry in which the relevant Chinese issuers are conducting their business. These restrictions or limitations may have adverse effects on the liquidity and performance of the fund’s holdings as compared to the performance of the Underlying Index. This may increase the risk of tracking error and, at the worst, the fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
A-Shares currency risk. The fund’s investments in A-Shares will be denominated in RMB and the income received by the fund in respect of such investments will be in RMB. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s returns. The value of the RMB may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the PRC, the US, foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global political or economic developments. Therefore, the fund’s exposure to RMB may result in reduced returns to the fund. The fund does not expect to hedge its currency risk. Moreover, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB and will bear the risk of any inability to convert the RMB.
Foreign investment risk. The fund faces the risks inherent in foreign investing. Adverse political, economic or social developments could undermine the value of the fund’s investments or prevent the fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in the US. Additionally, foreign securities markets generally are smaller and less liquid than US markets. To the extent that the fund invests in non-US dollar denominated foreign
securities, changes in currency exchange rates may affect the US dollar value of foreign securities or the income or gain received on these securities.
Foreign governments may restrict investment by foreigners, limit withdrawal of trading profit or currency from the country, restrict currency exchange or seize foreign investments. In addition, the fund may be limited in its ability to exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty's legal obligations in certain jurisdictions outside of the US. The investments of the fund may also be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Foreign brokerage commissions and other fees are generally higher than those for US investments, and the transactions and custody of foreign assets may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Foreign markets can have liquidity risks beyond those typical of US markets. Because foreign exchanges generally are smaller and less liquid than US exchanges, buying and selling foreign investments can be more difficult and costly. Relatively small transactions can sometimes materially affect the price and availability of securities. In certain situations, it may become virtually impossible to sell an investment at a price that approaches portfolio management’s estimate of its value. For the same reason, it may at times be difficult to value the fund’s foreign investments. In addition, because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
In addition, various PRC companies derive their revenues in RMB but have requirements for foreign currency, including for the import of materials, debt service on foreign currency denominated debt, purchases of imported equipment and payment of any cash dividends declared. The existing PRC foreign exchange regulations have significantly reduced government foreign exchange controls for certain transactions, including trade and service related foreign exchange transactions and payment of dividends. However, it is impossible to predict whether the PRC government will continue its existing foreign exchange policy and when the PRC government will allow free conversion of the RMB to foreign currency. Certain foreign exchange transactions, including principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, currently continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of SAFE. Since 1994, the conversion of RMB into US dollars has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous day’s PRC interbank foreign exchange market rate. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of RMB to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In addition, a market maker system was introduced to the interbank
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spot foreign exchange market. In July 2008, China announced that its exchange rate regime was further transformed into a managed floating mechanism based on market supply and demand. Given the domestic and overseas economic developments, the PBOC decided to further improve the RMB exchange rate regime in June 2010 to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate. In April 2012, the PBOC decided to take a further step to increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate by expanding the daily trading band from +/– 0.5% to +/– 1%. Effective from March 17, 2014, the floating band of RMB against USD on the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market was enlarged from 1% to 2%, i.e., on every trading day on the inter-bank spot market, the trading prices of RMB against USD would fluctuate within a band of +/– 2 below and above the central parity as released by the China Foreign Exchange Trade System on that day. On each business day, the spread between the RMB/USD buying and selling prices offered by the designated foreign exchange banks to their clients was within 3% of the published central parity of USD on that day, instead of 2%. Effective from August 11, 2015, the RMB central parity is fixed against the USD by reference to the closing rate of the interbank foreign exchange market on the previous day (rather than the previous morning’s official setting). It is not possible to predict nor give any assurance of any future stability of the RMB to US dollar exchange rate. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s NAV. Furthermore, because dividends are declared in US dollars and underlying payments are made in RMB, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect dividends paid by the fund.
Depositary receipt risk. Foreign investments in American Depositary Receipts and other depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Certain of the depositary receipts in which the fund invests may be unsponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer and may not carry the same voting privileges as sponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued by one or more depositaries in response to market demand, but without a formal agreement with the company that issues the underlying securities.
Derivatives risk. Derivatives are financial instruments, such as futures and swaps, whose values are based on the value of one or more indicators, such as a security, asset, currency, interest rate, or index. Derivatives involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. For example, derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying indicator. Derivative transactions can create investment leverage, may be highly volatile and the fund could lose more than the amount it
invests. Many derivative transactions are entered into “over-the-counter” (i.e., not on an exchange or contract market); as a result, the value of such a derivative transaction will depend on the ability and the willingness of the fund’s counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the fund’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the fund’s derivative positions at any time.
Counterparty risk. To the extent the fund invests in swaps to gain exposure to A-Shares in an effort to achieve the fund’s investment objective, the fund will be subject to the risk that the number of counterparties able to enter into swaps to provide exposure to A-Shares may be limited. To the extent that the QFI license of a potential swap counterparty is revoked or eliminated due to actions by the Chinese government or as a result of transactions entered into by the counterparty with other investors, the counterparty’s ability to continue to enter into swaps or other derivative transactions with the fund may be reduced or eliminated, which could have a material adverse effect on the fund. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions linked to the performance of A-Shares.
Furthermore, swaps are of limited duration and there is no guarantee that swaps entered into with a counterparty will continue indefinitely. Accordingly, the duration of a swap depends on, among other things, the ability of the fund to renew the expiration period of the relevant swap at agreed upon terms. QFIs may be limited or prohibited from entering into swap or other derivative transactions on QFI investments with the fund, which, in turn, could adversely affect the fund.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Financials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the financials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the financials sector. The financials sector is subject to extensive government regulation, can be subject to relatively rapid change due to increasingly blurred distinctions between service segments, and can be significantly affected by the availability and cost of capital funds, changes in interest rates, the rate of corporate and consumer debt defaults, and price competition.
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Certain events in the financials sector may cause an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, and cause certain financials sector companies to incur large losses. Securities of financials sector companies may experience a decline in value when such companies experience substantial declines in the valuations of their assets, take action to raise capital (such as the issuance of debt or equity securities), or cease operations. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers and financial losses associated with investment activities can negatively impact the financials sector. Issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets can be particularly affected by market turmoil.
The financial services sector in China is also undergoing significant change, including continuing consolidations, development of new products and structures and changes to its regulatory framework, which may have an impact on the issuers included in the Underlying Index. Increased government involvement in the financial services sector, including measures such as taking ownership positions in financial institutions, could result in a dilution of the fund’s investments in financial institutions.
Consumer staples sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the consumer staples sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the consumer staples sector. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector are also affected by changes in government regulation, global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions and the depletion of resources. In addition, companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous
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time or price, which may result in significant losses to the fund. This is especially true given the limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions on A-Shares. In addition, a swap transaction may be subject to the fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. Swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap agreement becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may prevent the fund from being able to realize full value and thus sell a security for its full valuation. This could cause a material decline in the fund’s net asset value.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction
of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
For purposes of calculating the fund’s net asset value, the value of assets denominated in non-US currencies is converted into US dollars using prevailing market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more data service providers. This conversion may result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the fund’s net asset value and the prices used by the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Differences between secondary market prices and the value of the fund’s holdings may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which may not be the same forces as those influencing prices for securities held by the fund at a particular time. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in
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Creation Units, the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. In addition, there may be times when the market price and the value of the fund’s holdings vary significantly and you may pay more than the value of the fund’s holdings when buying shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than the value of the fund’s holdings when you sell those shares. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in trading prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. If market makers. exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund’s shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). The market price of shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that shares may trade at a discount to the fund’s NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your shares. There are various methods by which investors can purchase and sell shares of the funds and various orders that may be placed. Investors should consult their financial intermediary before purchasing or selling shares of a fund.
In addition, the securities held by a fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than an exchange. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when an exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. More generally, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The bid-ask spread varies over time for shares of a fund based on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the fund has substantial trading volume and market liquidity, and higher if the fund has little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched or small in size). The fund’s bid-ask spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the fund, particularly for newly launched or smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities. The bid/ask spread of the Fund
may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with a fund. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the fund’s shares.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Cyber-attacks may include unauthorized attempts by third parties to improperly access, modify, disrupt the operations of, or prevent access to the systems of the fund’s
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service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants or data within them. In addition, power or communications outages, acts of god, information technology equipment malfunctions, operational errors, and inaccuracies within software or data processing systems may also disrupt business operations or impact critical data.
Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders or cause reputational damage and subject the fund to regulatory fines, litigation costs, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures involving a fund counterparty could affect such counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations to the fund, which may result in losses to the fund and its shareholders. Similar types of operational and technology risks are also present for issuers of securities held by the fund, which could have material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the fund’s investments to lose value. Furthermore, as a result of cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities or the entire market, which may result in the fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or unable to accurately price its investments.
For example, the fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV. Therefore, the fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. The fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in securities of a few issuers or a single issuer than that of a diversified fund. As a result,
the fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular issuers, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these issuers. This may increase the fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the fund’s performance.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike many ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Other more conventional ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realizing gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Effecting all redemptions for cash may cause the fund to sell portfolio securities in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. Such dispositions may occur at an inopportune time resulting in potential losses to the fund and involve transaction costs. If the fund recognizes a capital loss on these sales, the loss will offset capital gains (subject to certain limitations) and may result in smaller capital gain distributions from the fund. If the fund recognizes gain on these sales, this generally will cause the fund to recognize gain it might not otherwise have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in-kind or to recognize such gain sooner than would otherwise be required. The fund generally intends to distribute these gains to shareholders to avoid being taxed on this gain at the fund level and otherwise comply with the special tax rules that apply to it. This strategy may cause shareholders to be subject to tax on gains they would not otherwise be subject to, or at an earlier date than, if they had made an investment in a more conventional ETF.
In addition, cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees and taxes. These brokerage fees and taxes, which will be higher than if a fund sold and redeemed its shares principally in-kind, will generally be passed on to purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units in the form of creation and redemption transaction fees. To the extent transaction and other costs associated with a redemption exceed the redemption fee, those transaction costs might be borne by the fund’s remaining shareholders. China may also impose higher local tax rates on transactions involving certain companies. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs.
As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker-dealers, purchase or redeem Creation Units. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the fund on an exchange.
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country
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could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Futures risk. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return and the potential loss from futures can exceed the fund’s initial investment in such contracts.
US tax risk. The fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. However, should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investments in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Internal Revenue Code. If the fund fails to satisfy the distribution requirements necessary to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, the fund would be treated as a corporation subject to US federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by the fund to tax at the corporate level. If the fund fails to satisfy a separate distribution requirement, it will be subject to a fund-level excise tax. These fund-level taxes will apply in addition to taxes payable at the shareholder level on distributions.
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk that the fund may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The fund could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of the collateral provided for the loaned securities, or a decline in the value of any investments made with cash collateral or even a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially while holding the securities.
Borrowing risk. Borrowing creates leverage. It also adds to fund expenses and at times could effectively force the fund to sell securities when it otherwise might not want to.
To the extent that the fund borrows money and then invests that money, it creates leverage, in that the fund is exposed to investment risks through the securities it has pledged for collateral as well as through the investments it purchases with the money borrowed against that collateral. This leverage means that changes in the prices of securities the fund owns will have a greater effect on the share price of the fund. The fund incurs interest expense and other costs when it borrows money; therefore, unless
returns on assets acquired with borrowed funds are greater than the costs of borrowing, performance will be lower than it would have been without any borrowing. When the fund borrows money it must comply with certain asset coverage requirements, which at times may require the fund to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings even though it may be disadvantageous to do so at that time.
Leveraging Risk. The fund’s investment in futures contracts and other derivative instruments provide leveraged exposure. The fund’s investment in these instruments generally requires a small investment relative to the amount of investment exposure assumed. As a result, such investments may give rise to losses that exceed the amount invested in those instruments. The use of derivatives and other similar financial instruments may at times be an integral part of the fund’s investment strategy and may expose the fund to potentially dramatic losses (or gains) in the value of a derivative or other financial instruments and, thus, in the value the fund’s portfolio. The cost of investing in such instruments generally increases as interest rates increase, which will lower a fund’s return.
Underlying funds risk. To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in one or more Underlying Funds, the fund’s performance will be directly related to the performance of an Underlying Fund. The fund’s investments in other investment companies subject the fund to the risks affecting those investment companies.
In addition, the fund indirectly pays a portion of the expenses incurred by an Underlying Fund, which lowers performance. To the extent that the fund’s allocations favor an Underlying Fund with higher expenses, the overall cost of investing paid by the fund will be higher.
The fund is also subject to the risk that an Underlying Fund may pay a redemption request made by the fund, wholly or partly, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities rather than in cash. The fund may hold such portfolio securities until the Advisor determines to dispose of them, and the fund will bear the market risk of the securities received in the redemption until their disposition. Upon disposing of such portfolio securities, the fund may experience increased brokerage commissions.
An investor in the fund may receive taxable gains from portfolio transactions by an Underlying Fund, as well as taxable gains from transactions in shares of the Underlying Fund held by the fund. As the fund’s allocations to an Underlying Fund change from time to time, or to the extent that the expense ratio of an Underlying Fund changes, the weighted average operating expenses borne by the fund may increase or decrease.
To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in shares of foreign investment companies, including but not limited to, ETFs the shares of which are
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listed and traded primarily or solely on a foreign securities exchange, such foreign funds will not be registered as investment companies with the SEC or subject to the US federal securities laws. As a result, the fund’s ability to transfer shares of such foreign funds outside of the foreign fund’s primary market will be restricted or prohibited. While such foreign funds may operate similarly to domestic funds, the fund as an investor in a foreign fund will not be afforded the same investor protections as are provided by the US federal securities laws.
When the fund invests in a foreign fund, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the foreign fund’s expenses. Further, in part because of these additional expenses, the performance of a foreign fund may differ from the performance the fund would achieve if it invested directly in the underlying investments of the foreign fund. The fund’s investments in foreign ETFs will be subject to the risk that the NAV of the foreign fund’s shares may trade below the fund’s NAV. The NAV of foreign fund shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the foreign fund’s holdings. The trading prices of foreign fund shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as market supply and demand. The difference between the bid price and ask price, commonly referred to as the “spread,” will also vary for a foreign ETF depending on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity. Generally, the greater the trading volume and market liquidity, the smaller the spread is and vice versa. Any of these factors may lead to a foreign fund’s shares trading at a premium or a discount to NAV.
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the CSI 500 Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to reflect the price fluctuation and performance of small-cap companies in the China A-Share market and is composed of the 500 smallest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Shanghai - Hong Kong and Shenzhen - Hong Kong Stock Connect programs (“Stock Connect”) and the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program.
Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum daily net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. Accordingly, the fund’s direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota that limits total purchases through Stock Connect.
Harvest Global Investments Limited (“HGI” or the “Subadvisor”) is a licensed RQFII and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC, and the fund may therefore invest in A-Shares via HGI's QFI license. The Subadvisor, on behalf of the fund, thus also may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. QFIs have registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
The Subadvisor expects to use a full replication indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Subadvisor expects to invest directly in the component securities (or a substantial number of the component securities) of the Underlying Index in substantially the same weightings in which they are represented in the Underlying Index. If it is not possible for the Subadvisor to acquire
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component securities due to limited availability or regulatory restrictions, the Subadvisor may use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index instead of a full replication indexing strategy. “Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The fund may or may not hold all of the securities in the Underlying Index when the Subadvisor is using a representative sampling indexing strategy.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise the Underlying Index. The fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing directly in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the Subadvisor’s QFI license. While the fund intends to invest primarily and directly in A-Shares, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor and/or Subadvisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in A-Shares of Chinese small-cap issuers or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to A-Shares of Chinese small-cap issuers. The fund may invest in depositary receipts. The fund will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipt or any depositary receipt that the Advisor deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 500 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $3.43 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $680 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every December and June. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage
of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the basic materials (22.8%), industrials (18.6%) and information technology (18.3%) sectors. The basic materials sector includes companies that manufacture chemicals, construction materials, glass and paper products, as well as metals, minerals and mining companies. The industrials sector includes companies engaged in the manufacture and distribution of capital goods, such as those used in defense, construction and engineering, companies that manufacture and distribute electrical equipment and industrial machinery and those that provide commercial and transportation services and supplies. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in developing software and providing data processing and outsourced services, along with manufacturing and distributing communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment and instruments. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The Subadvisor intends to fully (or at least substantially) replicate the fund’s Underlying Index, but may pursue a representative sampling indexing strategy in circumstances where there is limited availability of component securities or regulatory restrictions that inhibit the transferability of component securities. In addition, from time to time, the Subadvisor may choose to underweight or overweight a security in the fund’s Underlying Index, purchase securities not included in the Underlying Index that the Subadvisor believes are appropriate to substitute for certain securities in the Underlying Index, or utilize various combinations of other available investment techniques to seek to track, before fees and expenses, the performance of the Underlying Index. The fund also may seek to gain exposure to A-Shares through means other than the use of the Subadvisor’s QFI status, including Stock Connect or any other method permitted by PRC law and consistent with the fund’s investment policies. The Subadvisor may also sell securities that are represented in the fund’s Underlying Index in anticipation of their removal from the Underlying Index or purchase securities not represented in the Underlying Index in anticipation of their addition to the Underlying Index.
The fund may invest its assets in other securities, including, but not limited to: (i) swap contracts, (ii) interests in pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and foreign funds (certain funds may not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and therefore, not subject to the same investor protections as the fund), (iii) securities not in the Underlying Index, including: (a) depositary receipts (depositary receipts, including American depositary receipts (“ADRs”) may be used by the fund in seeking performance that corresponds to the fund’s Underlying Index and in managing cash flows, and they may count towards compliance with the fund’s 80% investment policies), (iv) cash and cash equivalents, (v) money market instruments, such as repurchase agreements or money market funds
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(including money market funds advised by the Advisor, HGI or their affiliates subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act, or exemptions therefrom), (vi) convertible securities, (vii) structured notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement of a particular stock or stock index), and (viii) futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and other types of options related to the Underlying Index. A futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time.
The fund may become “non-diversified,” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the index that the fund is designed to track. Shareholder approval will not be sought when the fund crosses from diversified to non-diversified status under such circumstances.
Shares of the fund are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by CSI or any affiliate of CSI and CSI bears no liability with respect to the fund or any security.
Underlying Index Information
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF Index Description.
The Underlying Index is calculated and maintained by CSI. The Underlying Index is a modified free-float market capitalization weighted index composed of the 500 smallest and most liquid stocks in the China A-Share market. Constituent stocks for the Underlying Index must have been listed for more than one year on the Science and Technology Innovation Board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange; for more than three years on the ChiNext Board at the Shenzen Stock Exchange and on either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange for more than three months for other stocks (unless the stock’s average daily A-Share market capitalization since its initial listing ranks among the top 30 of all A-Shares), have demonstrated positive performance without serious financial problems, and not be subject to abnormal volatility or other evidence of possible market manipulation. If an issuer has reported a loss in its annual report or semi-annual report, the issuer’s stock will not be removed from the index if they are already included, but an issuer with a similar situation will not be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. In addition, if an issuer experiences stock price volatility that is not attributable to market demand and supply factors, but rather the possible result of market manipulation, the Index Provider will take such factor into consideration when determining whether the issuer is eligible for inclusion or continued inclusion in the Underlying Index. When determining eligibility, the Index Provider also may consider other factors, such as whether the issuer has been subject to any administrative penalty or regulatory investigation. As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 500 securities with an average
market capitalization of approximately $3.43 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $680 million. These amounts are subject to change.
When selecting constituent stocks for the Underlying Index, the Index Provider: (1) calculates the daily average trading value and daily average total market capitalization during the most recent year (or in the case of a new issue, during the time since its initial listing) for all the stocks in the stock universe; (2) ranks the stocks in the stock universe (excluding the stocks either in the CSI 300 or ranked in the top 300 in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets by daily average total market capitalization of the past recent year) in descending order according to their average daily trading values, and excludes the bottom 20%; and (3) ranks the remaining stocks in descending order according to their average daily total market capitalization and selects those which rank top 500 as constituent stocks of the Underlying Index.
The weighting of a company in the Underlying Index is intended to be a reflection of the current importance of that company in the China A-Share market as a whole. Stocks are selected and weighted according to market capitalization. A company is heavily weighted in the Underlying Index if it has a relatively larger free-float market capitalization than the rest of the constituents in the Underlying Index. The constituents of the Underlying Index are periodically reviewed by the Index Provider to ensure that the Underlying Index continues to reflect the state and structure of the underlying market it measures. The Underlying Index is calculated in real time and is published in RMB (specifically, CNY). The Underlying Index is rebalanced semi-annually every June and December.
During extraordinary market conditions, the Index Provider may delay any scheduled rebalancing of the Underlying Index. During any such delay it is possible that the Underlying Index will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective.
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices
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overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or
quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
Risk of investing in China. Investments in China involve certain risks and special considerations, including the following:
Investments in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the QFI license granted to the Subadvisor. Restrictions may be imposed on the repatriation of gains and income that may affect the fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests. Currently, there are two stock exchanges in mainland China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The SSE and SZSE are supervised by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and are highly automated with trading and settlement executed electronically. The SSE and SZSE are substantially smaller, less liquid, and more volatile than the major securities markets in the US.
The SSE commenced trading on December 19, 1990, and the SZSE commenced trading on July 3, 1991. The SSE and SZSE divide listed shares into two classes: A-Shares and B-Shares. Companies whose shares are traded on the SSE and SZSE that are incorporated in mainland China may issue both A-Shares and B-Shares. In China, the A-Shares and B-Shares of an issuer may only trade on one exchange. A-Shares and B-Shares may both be listed on either the SSE or SZSE. Both classes represent an ownership interest comparable to a share of common stock and all shares are entitled to substantially the same rights and benefits associated with ownership. A-Shares are traded on SSE and SZSE in RMB.
Because restrictions continue to exist and capital therefore cannot flow freely into the A-Share market, it is possible that in the event of a market disruption, the liquidity of the A-Share market and trading prices of A-Shares could be more severely affected than the liquidity and trading prices of markets where securities are freely tradable and capital therefore flows more freely. The fund cannot predict the nature or duration of such a market disruption or the impact that it may have on the A-Share market and the short-term and long-term prospects of its investments in the A-Share market.
The Chinese government has in the past taken actions that benefited holders of A-Shares. As A-Shares become more accessible to foreign investors, such as the funds, the Chinese government may be less likely to take action that would benefit holders of A-Shares. In addition, there is no guarantee that any existing QFI license will be maintained or will not be revoked by CSRC at some point in the future. The fund cannot predict what would occur if the Stock Connect program was terminated, or if the relevant QFI license were to be revoked, although such an occurrence would likely have a material adverse effect on the fund.
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On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Custody risks of investing in A-Shares under the QFI program. For investments under the QFI program, the Subadvisor as a QFI is required to select a PRC sub-custodian (the “PRC sub-custodian”) which satisfies relevant requirements as set out in QFI rules and regulations. The PRC sub-custodian maintains the fund’s deposit accounts and oversees the fund’s investments in A-Shares in the PRC to ensure their compliance with the rules and regulations of the CSRC and the PBOC. A-Shares that are traded on the SSE and SZSE are dealt and held in book-entry form through the CSDCC. A-Shares purchased by the Subadvisor, in their capacity as an QFI, on behalf of the fund, may be received by the CSDCC as credited to a securities trading account maintained by the PRC sub-custodian in the names of the fund and the Subadvisor as the QFI. The Subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the Subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the Subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the Subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold
such an assertion, in which case creditors of the Subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Because the Subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the Subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the Subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund.
Investors should note that cash deposited in the fund’s account with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash belonging to other clients of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in the account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC sub-custodian. A fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares listed on the SSE through Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and those listed on the SZSE through Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The
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impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or Subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or Subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund's direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor's or Subadvisor’s QFI license in the future becomes subject to repatriation restrictions, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of a fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value- added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a fund and their shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), a fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on a fund’s return could be substantial. A fund will be liable to the Advisor and/or Subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor and/or Subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
To the extent a fund invests in swaps linked to A-Shares, such investments may be less tax-efficient for US tax purposes than a direct investment in A-Shares. Any tax liability incurred by the swap counterparty may be passed on to a fund. When a fund sells a swap on A-Shares, the sale price may take into account of the QFI’s tax liability.
Investments in swaps and other derivatives may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the character, timing and amount of income earned by a fund (e.g., by causing amounts that would be capital gain to be taxed as ordinary income or to be taken into income earlier than would otherwise be necessary). Also, a fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in its swaps and derivatives to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. For example, swaps in which a fund may invest may need to be reset on a regular basis in order to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, which may increase the likelihood that the fund will generate short-term capital gains. In addition, because the application of special tax rules to a fund and its investments may be uncertain, it is possible that the manner in which they are applied by the fund may be determined to be incorrect. In that event, a fund may be found to have failed to maintain its qualification as a RIC or to be subject to additional US tax liability. A fund may make investments, both directly and through swaps or other derivative positions, in companies classified as passive foreign investment companies for US federal income tax purposes (“PFICs”). Investments in PFICs are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to the fund and its shareholders.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. Although no individual investment quotas or licensing requirements apply to investors in Stock Connect, trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. The Daily Quota does not belong to the fund and is utilized by all investors on a first-come-first- serve basis. As such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota may restrict the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect on a timely basis, which could affect the fund’s ability to effectively pursue its investment strategy. The Daily Quota is also subject to change.
In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose
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risks to the fund. Moreover, A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”) generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. While A-shares must be designated as eligible to be traded under Stock Connect (such eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE, the “SSE Securities,” and such eligible A-Shares listed on the SZSE, the “SZSE Securities”), those A-Shares may also lose such designation, and if this occurs, such A-Shares may be sold but could no longer be purchased through Stock Connect. With respect to sell orders under Stock Connect, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) carries out pre-trade checks to ensure an investor has sufficient A-Shares in its account before the market opens on the trading day. Accordingly, if there are insufficient A-Shares in an investor’s account before the market opens on the trading day, the sell order will be rejected, which may adversely impact the funds’ performance. However, the fund may request a custodian to open a special segregated account (“SPSA”) in CCASS (the Central Clearing and Settlement System operated by HKSCC (the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited) for the clearing securities listed or traded on SEHK) to maintain its holdings in A-Shares under the enhanced pre-trade checking model. Each SPSA will be assigned a unique “Investor ID” by CCASS for the purpose of facilitating Stock Connect order routing system to verify the holdings of an investor such as the fund. Provided that there is sufficient holding in the SPSA when a broker inputs the fund’s sell order, the fund will be able to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares (as opposed to the practice of transferring A-Shares to the broker’s account under the current pre-trade checking model for non-SPSA accounts). Opening of the SPSA accounts for the fund will enable it to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares in a timely manner.
In addition, Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A- Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading. Each of the SEHK, SSE and SZSE reserves the right to suspend trading under Stock Connect under certain circumstances. Where such a suspension of trading is effected, the fund’s ability to access A-Shares through Stock Connect will be adversely affected. In addition, if one or both of the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed on a US trading day, the fund may not be able to acquire or dispose of A-Shares through Stock Connect in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance.
The fund’s investments in A-Shares though Stock Connect are held by its custodian in accounts in CCASS maintained by the HKSCC, which in turn holds the A-Shares, as the nominee holder, through an omnibus securities account in its name registered with the China Securities Depository
and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). The precise nature and rights of each fund as the beneficial owner of the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities through HKSCC as nominee is not well defined under PRC law. There is a lack of a clear definition of, and distinction between, legal ownership and beneficial ownership under PRC law and there have been few cases involving a nominee account structure in the PRC courts. The exact nature and methods of enforcement of the rights and interests of each fund under PRC law is also uncertain. In the unlikely event that HKSCC becomes subject to winding up proceedings in Hong Kong, there is a risk that the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities may not be regarded as held for the beneficial ownership of each fund or as part of the general assets of HKSCC available for general distribution to its creditors.
Notwithstanding the fact that HKSCC does not claim proprietary interests in the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities held in its omnibus stock account in the CSDCC, the CSDCC as the share registrar for SSE- or SZSE-listed companies will still treat HKSCC as one of the shareholders when it handles corporate actions in respect of such SSE Securities or SZSE Securities. HKSCC monitors the corporate actions affecting SSE Securities and SZSE Securities and keeps participants of CCASS informed of all such corporate actions that require CCASS participants to take steps in order to participate in them. A fund will therefore depend on HKSCC for both settlement and notification and implementation of corporate actions.
The HKSCC is responsible for the clearing, settlement and the provisions of depositary, nominee and other related services of the trades executed by Hong Kong market participants and investors. Accordingly, investors do not hold SSE Securities or SZSE Securities directly – they are held through their brokers’ or custodians’ accounts with CCASS. The HKSCC and the CSDCC establish clearing links and each has become a participant of the other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-border trades. Should CSDCC default and the CSDCC be declared as a defaulter, HKSCC’s liabilities in Stock Connect under its market contracts with clearing participants will be limited to assisting clearing participants in pursuing their claims against the CSDCC. In that event, the fund may suffer delays in the recovery process or may not be able to fully recover its losses from the CSDCC.
Market participants are able to participate in Stock Connect subject to meeting certain information technology capability, risk management and other requirements as may be specified by the relevant exchange and/or clearing house. Further, the “connectivity” in Stock Connect requires the routing of orders across the borders of Hong Kong and the PRC. This requires the development of new information technology systems on the part of the SEHK and exchange participants. There is no assurance that these systems will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading
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in A-Shares through Stock Connect could be disrupted, and the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected.
A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions.
Finally, according to Caishui [2014] 81 (“Circular 81”) and Caishui [2016] 127 (“Circular 127”), while foreign investors are exempted from paying capital gains or business taxes (later, value-added taxes) on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund. Dividends derived from A-Shares are subject to a 10% PRC withholding income tax generally. PRC stamp duty is also payable for transactions in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Currently, PRC stamp duty on A-Shares transactions is only imposed on the seller, but not on the purchaser, at the tax rate of 0.1% of the total sales value.
Circular 81 and Circular 127 stipulate that PRC business tax (and, subsequently, PRC value-added tax) is temporarily exempted on capital gains derived by Hong Kong market participants (including the fund) from the trading of A-Shares through Stock Connect. According to Caishui [2016] No. 36, the PRC value- added tax reform in the PRC will be expanded to all industries, including financial services, starting May 1, 2016. The PRC business tax exemption prescribed in Circular 81 is grandfathered under the value-added tax regime.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Political and economic risk. The economy of China, which has been in a state of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy, differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, its state of development, its growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the majority of productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government at various levels, in recent years, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures emphasizing utilization of market forces in the development of the economy of China and a high level of management autonomy. The economy of China has experienced significant growth in recent decades, but
growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Economic growth has also been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The PRC government has implemented various measures from time to time to control inflation and restrain the rate of economic growth.
For several decades, the PRC government has carried out economic reforms to achieve decentralization and utilization of market forces to develop the economy of the PRC. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will continue to pursue such economic policies or that such policies, if pursued, will be successful. Any adjustment and modification of those economic policies may have an adverse impact on the securities markets in the PRC as well as the constituent securities of the Underlying Index. Further, the PRC government may from time to time adopt corrective measures to control the growth of the PRC economy which may also have an adverse impact on the capital growth and performance of the fund.
Political changes, social instability and adverse diplomatic developments in the PRC could result in the imposition of additional government restrictions including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property held by the issuers of the A-Shares in the fund’s Underlying Index. The laws, regulations, including the investment regulations, government policies and political and economic climate in China may change with little or no advance notice. Any such change could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
The Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic sectors through ownership positions and regulations. The allocation of resources in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Recently, the Chinese government has become more aggressive about regulating the operations of particular companies or sectors, including large companies which are indirectly listed in the US. These regulations may substantially limit or prohibit the operations of such companies and cause investors to lose some or all of the value of their investment. The policies set by the government could have a substantial effect on the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
The Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade. The performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment,
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resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The domestic consumer class in China is still emergent, while the economy's dependence on exports may not be sustainable. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of its primary trading partners, such as the European Union, the US, Hong Kong, the Association of South East Asian Nations, and Japan, would adversely affect the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
In addition, as much of China’s growth over recent decades has been a result of significant investment in substantial export trade, international trade tensions may arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative consequences. The current political climate has intensified concerns about trade tariffs and a potential trade war between China and the US. These consequences may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry with a potentially severe negative impact to the fund. In addition, it is possible that the continuation or worsening of the current political climate could result in regulatory restrictions being contemplated or imposed in the US or in China that could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to invest in accordance with its investment policies and/or achieve its investment objective. In July 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (“PWG”) proposed a number of regulatory changes aimed at addressing potential risks to US investors from investments in issuers that provide limited access to their financial statements, including Chinese companies. The PWG’s proposals included having the SEC consider encouraging or requiring US registered funds to conduct additional due diligence on an index’s exposure to such issuers and how the index provider addresses concerns arising from limited availability of such issuers’ financial information. If the SEC adopts these proposals, they could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. In addition, in June 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order (“CMIC Order”) prohibiting US persons, including the fund, from purchasing or selling publicly traded securities (including publicly traded securities that are derivative of, or are designed to provide exposure to, such securities) of any Chinese company identified as a Chinese Military Industrial Complex Company (“CMIC”). This prohibition, effective August 2, 2021, expands on similar sanctions imposed by the prior administration on certain designated Chinese military companies (“CCMCs”) that took effect in January 2021. To the extent that any company in the Underlying Index is identified as a CMIC at any time (or was previously designated as a CCMC), it may have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index. Also,in December 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was signed into law. When
implemented, the HFCAA could cause securities of foreign issuers (including China) to be de-listed from US stock exchanges if those companies do not permit US oversight of the auditing of their financial information. The potential impact of the HFCAA is unclear at this time, but to the extent that the fund currently transacts in securities of a foreign company in the Underlying Index on a US exchange but is unable to do so in the future, the fund will have to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities or obtain exposure to such securities through alternative means (such as derivatives), either of which could increase the fund’s costs and have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. Finally, the Chair of the SEC announced in July 2021 that the SEC would be requiring additional disclosures about the corporate structure of Chinese companies listing in the US (pursuant to which US investors own shares in an offshore shell company rather than the Chinese company itself) and the risks to US investors, including the risks of such companies being delisted from the US exchange under the HFCAA. Events such as these are difficult to predict and may or may not occur in the future.
China has been transitioning to a market economy since the late seventies, and has only recently opened up to foreign investment and permitted private economic activity. Under the economic reforms implemented by the Chinese government, the Chinese economy has experienced tremendous growth, developing into one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is no assurance, however, that the Chinese government will not revert to the economic policy of central planning that it implemented prior to 1978 or that such growth will be sustained in the future. An economic downturn in China would adversely impact the fund’s investments.
Inflation. Economic growth in China has historically been accompanied by periods of high inflation. Beginning in 2004, the Chinese government commenced the implementation of various measures to control inflation, which included the tightening of the money supply, the raising of interest rates and more stringent control over certain industries. If these measures are not successful, and if inflation were to steadily increase, the performance of the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments could be adversely affected.
Nationalization and expropriation. After the formation of the Chinese socialist state in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations and nationalized private assets without providing any form of compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar actions in the future. Accordingly, an investment in the fund involves a risk of a total loss.
Hong Kong policy. As part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy with regard to its political, legal and economic systems for
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a period of at least 50 years. China controls matters that relate to defense and foreign affairs. Under the agreement, China does not tax Hong Kong, does not limit the exchange of the Hong Kong dollar for foreign currencies and does not place restrictions on free trade in Hong Kong. However, there is no guarantee that China will continue to honor the agreement, and China may change its policies regarding Hong Kong at any time. As of July 2020, the Chinese Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacted the Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (the “Hong Kong Law”), which imposed substantial limits on Hong Kong’s political and legal autonomy in a manner widely considered within Hong Kong and by other countries as a violation of China’s agreement in 1997. Hong Kong has experienced wide protests and extensive turmoil before and after the enactment of this law. Also as of July 2020, Hong Kong is no longer afforded preferential economic treatment by the United States under US law, and there is uncertainty as to how the economy of Hong Kong will be affected. Any further changes in China's policies could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
Chinese securities markets. The securities markets in China have a limited operating history and are not as developed as those in the US. The markets tend to be smaller in size, have less liquidity and historically have had greater volatility than markets in the US and some other countries. In addition, under normal market conditions, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the US. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are US issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely disclosure of information. During periods of significant market volatility, the Chinese government has, from time to time, intervened in its domestic securities markets to a greater degree than would be typical in more developed markets, including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulations.
Available disclosure about Chinese companies. Chinese companies are required to follow Chinese accounting standards and practices, which only follow international accounting standards to a certain extent. However, the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to PRC companies, including those listed on US exchanges, may be less rigorous, and there may be significant differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with Chinese accounting
standards and practice and those prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a Chinese issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The quality of audits in China may be unreliable, which may require enhanced procedures. Consequently, the fund may not be provided the same degree of protection or information as would generally apply in developed countries and the fund may be exposed to significant losses. There is also substantially less publicly available information about Chinese issuers than there is about US issuers. Therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made, and less information may be available to the fund and other investors than would be the case if the fund’s investments were restricted to securities of US issuers.
Chinese corporate and securities law. The regulations which regulate investments by QFIs in the PRC and the repatriation of capital from QFI investments are relatively new. As a result, the application and interpretation of such investment regulations are therefore relatively untested. In addition, PRC authorities and regulators have broad discretion under such investment regulations and there is little precedent or certainty evidencing how such discretion will be exercised now or in the future.
The fund’s rights with respect to its investments in A-Shares (as applicable), if any, generally will not be governed by US law, and instead will generally be governed by Chinese law. China operates under a civil law system, in which court precedent is not binding. Because there is no binding precedent to interpret existing statutes, there is uncertainty regarding the implementation of existing law.
Legal principles relating to corporate affairs and the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and liabilities and stockholders’ rights often differ from those that may apply in the US and other countries. Chinese laws providing protection to investors, such as laws regarding the fiduciary duties of officers and directors, are undeveloped and will not provide investors, such as the fund, with protection in all situations where protection would be provided by comparable laws in the US. China lacks a national set of laws that address all issues that may arise with regard to a foreign investor such as the fund. It may therefore be difficult for the fund to enforce its rights as an investor under Chinese corporate and securities laws, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to obtain a judgment in court. Moreover, as Chinese corporate and securities laws continue to develop, these developments may adversely affect foreign investors, such as the fund.
Due to restrictions on foreign ownership of Chinese companies imposed under Chinese law, Chinese companies that are listed in the US typically do not offer common stock
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in the company itself to US investors. Rather, Chinese companies typically offer shares of an offshore shell company that has entered into service and other contracts with the Chinese company. Accordingly, US investors in Chinese companies listed on a US stock exchange do not actually own shares of the Chinese company itself. Moreover, the Chinese government may at any time invalidate or limit the contracts between a Chinese company and the offshore shell company which is offering shares in the US, which may result in the partial or total loss of the value of a US investor's shares in the offshore shell company even if a direct investment in the Chinese company would retain value.
Other sanctions and embargoes. From time to time, certain of the companies in which the fund expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Tax on retained income and gains. To the extent the fund does not distribute to shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain in a given year, it will be required to pay US federal income tax on the retained income and gains, thereby reducing the fund’s return. A fund may elect to treat any retained net capital gain as having been distributed to shareholders. In that case, shareholders of record on the last day of the fund’s taxable year will be required to include their attributable share of the retained gain in income for the year as a long-term capital gain despite not actually receiving the dividend, and will be entitled to a tax credit or refund for the tax deemed paid on their behalf by the fund as well as an increase in the basis of their shares to reflect the difference between their attributable share of the gain and the related credit or refund.
Foreign exchange control. The Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Under China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) regulations, Chinese corporations may only purchase foreign currencies through government approved banks. In general, Chinese companies must receive approval from or register with the Chinese government before investing in certain capital account items, including direct investments and loans, and must thereafter maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for the capital items. Foreign investors may only exchange foreign currencies at specially authorized banks after complying with documentation requirements. These
restrictions may adversely affect the fund and its investments. The international community has requested that China ease its restrictions on currency exchange, but it is unclear whether the Chinese government will change its policy.
RMB, is currently not a freely convertible currency as it is subject to foreign exchange control, fiscal policies and repatriation restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. Such control of currency conversion and movements in the RMB exchange rates may adversely affect the operations and financial results of companies in the PRC. In addition, if such control policies change in the future, the fund may be adversely affected. Since 2005, the exchange rate of the RMB is no longer pegged to the US dollar. The RMB has now moved to a managed floating exchange rate based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of foreign currencies. The daily trading price of the RMB against other major currencies in the inter-bank foreign exchange market would be allowed to float within a narrow band around the central parity published by the People’s Bank of China. As the exchange rates are based primarily on market forces, the exchange rates for RMB against other currencies, including the US dollar, are susceptible to movements based on external factors. There can be no assurance that the RMB will not be subject to appreciation or devaluation, either due to changes in government policy or market factors. Any devaluation of the RMB could adversely affect the value of the fund’s investments. The PRC government imposes restrictions on the remittance of RMB out of and into China. To the extent the fund invests through a QFI, the fund may be required to remit foreign freely convertible currencies (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) to the PRC to settle the purchase of A-Shares and other permissible securities by the fund. In the event such remittance is disrupted, the fund may not be able to fully replicate its Underlying Index by investing in the relevant A-Shares and this will increase the tracking error of the fund. Any delay in repatriation out of China may result in delay in payment of redemption proceeds to the redeeming investors. The Chinese government’s policies on exchange control and repatriation restrictions are subject to change, and the fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
Foreign currency considerations. The assets of the fund are invested primarily in the equity securities of issuers in China and the income received by the fund will be primarily in RMB.
RMB can be further categorized into onshore RMB (“CNY”), traded only in the PRC, and offshore RMB (“CNH”), traded outside the PRC. CNY and CNH are traded at different exchange rates and their exchange rates may not move in the same direction. Although there has been a growing amount of RMB held offshore, CNH cannot be freely remitted into the PRC and is subject to certain restrictions, and vice versa. The fund may also be
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adversely affected by the exchange rates between CNY and CNH. There is no assurance that there will always be RMB available in sufficient amounts for the fund to remain fully invested.
Meanwhile, the fund will compute and expects to distribute its income in US dollars, and the computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Any gain or loss attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the fund accrues income or gain and the time the fund converts such income or gain from RMB to the US dollar is generally treated as ordinary income or loss for US federal income tax purposes. Therefore, if the value of the RMB increases relative to the US dollar between the accrual of income and the time at which the fund converts the RMB to US dollars, the fund will recognize ordinary income when the RMB is converted. In such circumstances, if the fund has insufficient cash in US dollars to meet distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, the fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make distributions. The liquidation of investments, if required, may also have an adverse impact on the fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB. Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. A fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
Currently, there is no market in China in which the fund may engage in hedging transactions to minimize RMB foreign exchange risk in CNY, and there can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging currency in CNY will be available to the fund in China at any time in the future. In the event that in the future it becomes possible to hedge RMB currency risk in China in CNY, the fund may seek to reduce the foregoing currency risks by engaging in hedging transactions. In that case, the fund may enter into forward currency exchange contracts and currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts, as well as purchase put or call options on currencies, in China. The funds do not currently intend to hedge RMB currency risk in CNH. Currency hedging would involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s or Subadvisor’s (as applicable) view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if they had not
been used. The use of currency transactions could result in the fund’s incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, exchange rate regulation, suspension of settlements or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency.
PRC brokers risk. Regulations adopted by the CSRC and SAFE under which the fund will invest in A-Shares provide that the Subadvisor as a QFI, may select PRC broker(s) to execute transactions on its behalf on each of the two PRC exchanges – the SSE and SZSE. The Subadvisor may select the same broker(s) for both exchanges. As a result, the Subadvisor will have less flexibility to choose among brokers on behalf of the fund than is typically the case for US investment managers. In the event of any default of a PRC broker in the execution or settlement of any transaction or in the transfer of any funds or securities in the PRC, the fund may encounter delays in recovering its assets which may in turn adversely impact the NAV of the fund.
If the Subadvisor is unable to use one of its designated PRC brokers in the PRC, units of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV or the fund may not be able to track the Underlying Index. Further, the operation of the fund may be adversely affected in the case of any acts or omissions of a PRC broker, which may result in increased tracking error or the fund being traded at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. The limited number of PRC brokers that may be appointed may cause the fund to not necessarily pay the lowest commission available in the market. The Subadvisor, however, in its selection of PRC brokers will consider such factors as the competitiveness of commission rates, size of the relevant orders, and execution standards. There is a risk that the fund may suffer losses from the default, bankruptcy or disqualification of the PRC brokers. In such events, the fund may be adversely affected in the execution of any transaction.
Disclosure of interests and short swing profit rule. The fund may be subject to shareholder disclosure of interest regulations promulgated by the CSRC. These regulations currently require the fund to make certain public disclosures when the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund acquire 5% or more of the issued voting securities of a listed company (which include A-Shares of the listed company). If the reporting requirement is triggered, the fund will be required to report information which includes, but is not limited to: (a) information about the fund (and parties acting in concert with the fund) and the type and extent of its holdings in the company; (b) a statement of the fund’s purposes for the investment and whether the fund intends to increase its holdings over the following 12-month period; (c) a statement of the fund’s historical investments in the company over the previous six months; (d) the time of, and other information relating to, the transaction that triggered the fund’s holding in the listed company reaching the 5% reporting threshold; and (e) other information that may be required by the CSRC or the stock exchange. Additional information may be required
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if the fund and its concerted parties constitute the largest shareholder or actual controlling shareholder of the listed company. The report must be made to the CSRC, the stock exchange, the invested company, and the CSRC local representative office where the listed company is located. A fund would also be required to make a public announcement through a media outlet designated by the CSRC. The public announcement must contain the same content as the official report. The public announcement may require the fund to disclose its holdings to the public, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
The relevant PRC regulations presumptively treat all affiliated investors and investors under common control as parties acting in concert. As such, under a conservative interpretation of these regulations, the fund may be deemed as a “concerted party” of other funds managed by the Advisor, Subadvisor or their affiliates and therefore may be subject to the risk that the fund’s holdings may be required to be reported in the aggregate with the holdings of such other funds should the aggregate holdings trigger the reporting threshold under the PRC law. If the 5% shareholding threshold is triggered by the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund, the fund would be required to file its report within three days of the date the threshold is reached. During the time limit for filing the report, a trading freeze applies and the fund would not be permitted to make subsequent trades in the invested company’s securities. Any such trading freeze may undermine the fund’s performance, if the fund would otherwise make trades during that period but is prevented from doing so by the regulation.
Once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 5% or more will trigger a further reporting requirement and an additional trading freeze from the date the threshold is reached to the end of three days after the report and announcement is made. These trading freezes may undermine the fund’s performance as described above. According to the securities laws of China, whoever purchases the voting securities of a listed company in violation of the requirements in this paragraph may not exercise the voting rights of the securities that exceed the threshold within 36 months after purchasing them.
Further, once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, for any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 1%, the fund would be required to notify the listed company and make an announcement thereon on the day immediately after the date the threshold is reached. Also, SSE requirements currently require the fund and parties acting in concert, once they have reach the 5% threshold, to disclose whenever their shareholding drops below this threshold (even as a result of trading which is less than the 5% incremental change that would trigger a reporting requirement under the relevant CSRC regulation).
CSRC regulations also contain additional disclosure (and tender offer) requirements that apply when an investor and parties acting in concert reach thresholds of 20% and greater than 30% shareholding in a company.
Subject to the interpretation of PRC courts and PRC regulators, the operation of the PRC short swing profit rule may be applicable to the trading of the fund with the result that where the holdings of the fund (possibly with the holdings of other investors deemed as concert parties of the fund) exceed 5% of the total issued voting shares of a listed company, the fund may not reduce its holdings in the company within six months of the last purchase of shares of the company. If a fund violates the rule, it may be required by the listed company to return any profits realized from such trading to the listed company. In addition, the rule limits the ability of the fund to repurchase securities of the listed company within six months of such sale. Moreover, under PRC civil procedures, the fund’s assets may be frozen to the extent of the claims made by the company in question. These risks may greatly impair the performance of the fund.
Investment and repatriation restrictions. Investments by the fund in A-Shares (as well as other Chinese financial instruments permitted by the CSRC and the People’s Bank of China, including open- and closed-end investment companies) may be subject to governmental pre-approval limitations on the quantity that the fund may purchase and/or limits on the classes of securities in which the fund may invest.
With respect to investments in A-Shares made through the QFI program, repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the Subadvisor’s control. There is no assurance, however, that PRC rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s assets may adversely affect the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests and/or may cause the fund to borrow money in order to meet its obligations. These limitations may also prevent the fund from making certain distributions to shareholders.
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The Chinese government limits foreign investment in the securities of certain Chinese issuers entirely, if foreign investment is banned in respect of the industry in which the relevant Chinese issuers are conducting their business. These restrictions or limitations may have adverse effects on the liquidity and performance of the fund’s holdings as compared to the performance of the Underlying Index. This may increase the risk of tracking error and, at the worst, the fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
A-Shares currency risk. The fund’s investments in A-Shares will be denominated in RMB and the income received by the fund in respect of such investments will be in RMB. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s returns. The value of the RMB may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the PRC, the US, foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global political or economic developments. Therefore, the fund’s exposure to RMB may result in reduced returns to the fund. The fund does not expect to hedge its currency risk. Moreover, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB and will bear the risk of any inability to convert the RMB.
Foreign investment risk. The fund faces the risks inherent in foreign investing. Adverse political, economic or social developments could undermine the value of the fund’s investments or prevent the fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in the US. Additionally, foreign securities markets generally are smaller and less liquid than US markets. To the extent that the fund invests in non-US dollar denominated foreign securities, changes in currency exchange rates may affect the US dollar value of foreign securities or the income or gain received on these securities.
Foreign governments may restrict investment by foreigners, limit withdrawal of trading profit or currency from the country, restrict currency exchange or seize foreign investments. In addition, the fund may be limited in its ability to exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty's legal obligations in certain jurisdictions outside of the US. The investments of the fund may also be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Foreign brokerage commissions and other fees are generally higher than those for US investments, and the transactions and custody of foreign assets may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Foreign markets can have liquidity risks beyond those typical of US markets. Because foreign exchanges generally are smaller and less liquid than US exchanges, buying and selling foreign investments can be more difficult and costly. Relatively small transactions can sometimes materially affect the price and availability of securities. In certain
situations, it may become virtually impossible to sell an investment at a price that approaches portfolio management’s estimate of its value. For the same reason, it may at times be difficult to value the fund’s foreign investments. In addition, because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
In addition, various PRC companies derive their revenues in RMB but have requirements for foreign currency, including for the import of materials, debt service on foreign currency denominated debt, purchases of imported equipment and payment of any cash dividends declared. The existing PRC foreign exchange regulations have significantly reduced government foreign exchange controls for certain transactions, including trade and service related foreign exchange transactions and payment of dividends. However, it is impossible to predict whether the PRC government will continue its existing foreign exchange policy and when the PRC government will allow free conversion of the RMB to foreign currency. Certain foreign exchange transactions, including principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, currently continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of SAFE. Since 1994, the conversion of RMB into US dollars has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous day’s PRC interbank foreign exchange market rate. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of RMB to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In addition, a market maker system was introduced to the interbank spot foreign exchange market. In July 2008, China announced that its exchange rate regime was further transformed into a managed floating mechanism based on market supply and demand. Given the domestic and overseas economic developments, the PBOC decided to further improve the RMB exchange rate regime in June 2010 to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate. In April 2012, the PBOC decided to take a further step to increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate by expanding the daily trading band from +/– 0.5% to +/– 1%. Effective from March 17, 2014, the floating band of RMB against USD on the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market was enlarged from 1% to 2%, i.e., on every trading day on the inter-bank spot market, the trading prices of RMB against USD would fluctuate within a band of +/– 2 below and above the central parity as released by the China Foreign Exchange Trade System on that day. On each business day, the spread between the RMB/USD buying and selling prices offered by the designated foreign exchange banks to their clients was within 3% of the published central parity of USD on that day, instead of 2%. Effective from August 11, 2015, the RMB central parity is
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fixed against the USD by reference to the closing rate of the interbank foreign exchange market on the previous day (rather than the previous morning’s official setting). It is not possible to predict nor give any assurance of any future stability of the RMB to US dollar exchange rate. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s NAV. Furthermore, because dividends are declared in US dollars and underlying payments are made in RMB, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect dividends paid by the fund.
Depositary receipt risk. Foreign investments in American Depositary Receipts and other depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Certain of the depositary receipts in which the fund invests may be unsponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer and may not carry the same voting privileges as sponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued by one or more depositaries in response to market demand, but without a formal agreement with the company that issues the underlying securities.
Derivatives risk. Derivatives are financial instruments, such as futures and swaps, whose values are based on the value of one or more indicators, such as a security, asset, currency, interest rate, or index. Derivatives involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. For example, derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying indicator. Derivative transactions can create investment leverage, may be highly volatile and the fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Many derivative transactions are entered into “over-the-counter” (i.e., not on an exchange or contract market); as a result, the value of such a derivative transaction will depend on the ability and the willingness of the fund’s counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the fund’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the fund’s derivative positions at any time.
Counterparty risk. To the extent the fund invests in swaps to gain exposure to A-Shares in an effort to achieve the fund’s investment objective, the fund will be subject to the risk that the number of counterparties able to enter into swaps to provide exposure to A-Shares may be limited. To the extent that the QFI license of a potential swap counterparty is revoked or eliminated due to actions by the Chinese government or as a result of transactions entered into by the counterparty with other investors, the
counterparty’s ability to continue to enter into swaps or other derivative transactions with the fund may be reduced or eliminated, which could have a material adverse effect on the fund. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions linked to the performance of A-Shares.
Furthermore, swaps are of limited duration and there is no guarantee that swaps entered into with a counterparty will continue indefinitely. Accordingly, the duration of a swap depends on, among other things, the ability of the fund to renew the expiration period of the relevant swap at agreed upon terms. QFIs may be limited or prohibited from entering into swap or other derivative transactions on QFI investments with the fund, which, in turn, could adversely affect the fund.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Basic materials sector risk. To the extent the Underlying Index includes securities of issuers in the basic materials sector, the fund will invest in companies in such sector. As such, the fund may be sensitive to changes in, and its performance may depend on, the overall condition of the basic materials sector. Companies engaged in the production and distribution of basic materials may be adversely affected by changes in world events, political and economic conditions, energy conservation, environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations.
Industrials sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the industrials sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the industrials sector. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims and exchange rates.
Information technology sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the information technology sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the information technology sector. Information technology companies are particularly vulnerable to government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Information technology companies also face competition for services of qualified personnel. Additionally, the products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to
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rapid technological development and frequent new product introduction by competitors. Finally, information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not
trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
If the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss.
Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses to the fund. This is especially true given the limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions on A-Shares. In addition, a swap transaction may be subject to the fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. Swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap agreement becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may prevent the fund from being able to realize full value and thus sell a security for its full valuation. This could cause a material decline in the fund’s net asset value.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not
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factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or Subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the Subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
For purposes of calculating the fund’s net asset value, the value of assets denominated in non-US currencies is converted into US dollars using prevailing market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more data service providers. This conversion may result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the fund’s net
asset value and the prices used by the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result, the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Differences between secondary market prices and the value of the fund’s holdings may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which may not be the same forces as those influencing prices for securities held by the fund at a particular time. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units, the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. In addition, there may be times when the market price and the value of the fund’s holdings vary significantly and you may pay more than the value of the fund’s holdings when buying shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than the value of the fund’s holdings when you sell those shares. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in trading prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. If market makers. exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund’s shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). The market price of shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that shares may trade at a discount to the fund’s NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your shares. There are various methods by which investors can purchase and sell shares of the funds and various orders that may be placed. Investors should consult their financial intermediary before purchasing or selling shares of a fund.
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In addition, the securities held by a fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than an exchange. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when an exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. More generally, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The bid-ask spread varies over time for shares of a fund based on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the fund has substantial trading volume and market liquidity, and higher if the fund has little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched or small in size). The fund’s bid-ask spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the fund, particularly for newly launched or smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities. The bid/ask spread of the Fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with a fund. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the fund’s shares.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises) that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Cyber-attacks may include unauthorized attempts by third parties to improperly access, modify, disrupt the operations of, or prevent access to the systems of the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants or data within them. In addition, power or communications outages, acts of god, information technology equipment malfunctions, operational errors, and inaccuracies within software or data processing systems may also disrupt business operations or impact critical data.
Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders or cause reputational damage and subject the fund to regulatory fines, litigation costs, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures involving a fund counterparty could affect such counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations to the fund, which may result in losses to the fund and its shareholders. Similar types of operational and technology risks are also present for issuers of securities held by the fund, which could have material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the fund’s investments to lose value. Furthermore, as a result of cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities or the entire market, which may result in the fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or unable to accurately price its investments.
For example, the fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV. Therefore, the fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a fund’s NAV and/or the
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inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. The fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral) and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Non-diversification risk. At any given time, due to the composition of the Underlying Index, the fund may be classified as “non-diversified” and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in securities of a few issuers or a single issuer than that of a diversified fund. As a result, the fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular issuers, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these issuers. This may increase the fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the fund’s performance.
Cash transactions risk. Unlike many ETFs, the fund expects to effect its creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Other more conventional ETFs generally are able to make in-kind redemptions and avoid realizing gains in connection with transactions designed to meet redemption requests. Effecting all redemptions for cash may cause the fund to sell portfolio securities in order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. Such dispositions may occur at an inopportune time resulting in potential losses to the fund and involve transaction costs. If the fund recognizes a capital loss on these sales, the loss will offset capital gains (subject to certain limitations) and may result in smaller capital gain distributions from the fund. If the fund recognizes gain on these sales, this generally will cause the fund to recognize gain it might not otherwise have recognized if it were to distribute portfolio securities in-kind or to recognize such gain sooner than would otherwise be required. The fund generally intends to distribute these gains to shareholders to avoid being taxed on this gain at the fund level and otherwise comply with the special tax rules that apply to it. This strategy may cause shareholders to be subject to tax on gains they would not otherwise be subject to, or at an earlier date than, if they had made an investment in a more conventional ETF.
In addition, cash transactions may have to be carried out over several days if the securities market is relatively illiquid and may involve considerable brokerage fees and taxes. These brokerage fees and taxes, which will be higher than if a fund sold and redeemed its shares principally in-kind, will generally be passed on to purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units in the form of creation and redemption transaction fees. To the extent transaction and other costs associated with a redemption exceed the redemption fee, those transaction costs might be borne by the fund’s remaining shareholders. China may also impose higher local tax rates on transactions involving certain companies. In addition, these factors may result in wider spreads between the bid and the offered prices of the fund’s shares than for more conventional ETFs.
As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker-dealers, purchase or redeem Creation Units. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the fund on an exchange.
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Small company risk. Small company stocks tend to be more volatile than medium-sized or large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow small companies, less information about them is available to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on small companies, since they may lack the financial resources of larger companies. Small company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Futures risk. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return and the potential loss from futures can exceed the fund’s initial investment in such contracts.
US tax risk. The fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. However, should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investments in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements
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applicable to RICs under the Internal Revenue Code. If the fund fails to satisfy the distribution requirements necessary to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, the fund would be treated as a corporation subject to US federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by the fund to tax at the corporate level. If the fund fails to satisfy a separate distribution requirement, it will be subject to a fund-level excise tax. These fund-level taxes will apply in addition to taxes payable at the shareholder level on distributions.
Borrowing risk. Borrowing creates leverage. It also adds to fund expenses and at times could effectively force the fund to sell securities when it otherwise might not want to.
To the extent that the fund borrows money and then invests that money, it creates leverage, in that the fund is exposed to investment risks through the securities it has pledged for collateral as well as through the investments it purchases with the money borrowed against that collateral. This leverage means that changes in the prices of securities the fund owns will have a greater effect on the share price of the fund. The fund incurs interest expense and other costs when it borrows money; therefore, unless returns on assets acquired with borrowed funds are greater than the costs of borrowing, performance will be lower than it would have been without any borrowing. When the fund borrows money it must comply with certain asset coverage requirements, which at times may require the fund to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings even though it may be disadvantageous to do so at that time.
Leveraging Risk. The fund’s investment in futures contracts and other derivative instruments provide leveraged exposure. The fund’s investment in these instruments generally requires a small investment relative to the amount of investment exposure assumed. As a result, such investments may give rise to losses that exceed the amount invested in those instruments. The use of derivatives and other similar financial instruments may at times be an integral part of the fund’s investment strategy and may expose the fund to potentially dramatic losses (or gains) in the value of a derivative or other financial instruments and, thus, in the value the fund’s portfolio. The cost of investing in such instruments generally increases as interest rates increase, which will lower a fund’s return.
Underlying funds risk. To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in one or more Underlying Funds, the fund’s performance will be directly related to the performance of an Underlying Fund. The fund’s investments in other investment companies subject the fund to the risks affecting those investment companies.
In addition, the fund indirectly pays a portion of the expenses incurred by an Underlying Fund, which lowers performance. To the extent that the fund’s allocations favor an Underlying Fund with higher expenses, the overall cost of investing paid by the fund will be higher.
The fund is also subject to the risk that an Underlying Fund may pay a redemption request made by the fund, wholly or partly, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities rather than in cash. The fund may hold such portfolio securities until the Advisor determines to dispose of them, and the fund will bear the market risk of the securities received in the redemption until their disposition. Upon disposing of such portfolio securities, the fund may experience increased brokerage commissions.
An investor in the fund may receive taxable gains from portfolio transactions by an Underlying Fund, as well as taxable gains from transactions in shares of the Underlying Fund held by the fund. As the fund’s allocations to an Underlying Fund change from time to time, or to the extent that the expense ratio of an Underlying Fund changes, the weighted average operating expenses borne by the fund may increase or decrease.
To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in shares of foreign investment companies, including but not limited to, ETFs the shares of which are listed and traded primarily or solely on a foreign securities exchange, such foreign funds will not be registered as investment companies with the SEC or subject to the US federal securities laws. As a result, the fund’s ability to transfer shares of such foreign funds outside of the foreign fund’s primary market will be restricted or prohibited. While such foreign funds may operate similarly to domestic funds, the fund as an investor in a foreign fund will not be afforded the same investor protections as are provided by the US federal securities laws.
When the fund invests in a foreign fund, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the foreign fund’s expenses. Further, in part because of these additional expenses, the performance of a foreign fund may differ from the performance the fund would achieve if it invested directly in the underlying investments of the foreign fund. The fund’s investments in foreign ETFs will be subject to the risk that the NAV of the foreign fund’s shares may trade below the fund’s NAV. The NAV of foreign fund shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the foreign fund’s holdings. The trading prices of foreign fund shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as market supply and demand. The difference between the bid price and ask price, commonly referred to as the “spread,” will also vary for a foreign ETF depending on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity. Generally, the greater the trading volume and market liquidity, the smaller the spread is and vice versa. Any of these factors may lead to a foreign fund’s shares trading at a premium or a discount to NAV.
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Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF
Investment Objective
The Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF (the “fund”) seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the MSCI China All Shares Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index, which is designed to capture large- and mid-capitalization representation across all China securities listed in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The Underlying Index includes A-Shares, H-Shares, B-Shares, Red chips and P chips share classes, as well as securities of Chinese companies listed outside of China (e.g. American depositary receipts). DBX Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) expects that, over time, the correlation between the fund’s performance and that of the Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will be 95% or better. A figure of 100% would indicate perfect correlation. The fund will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipt or any depositary receipt that the Advisor deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available.
A-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in renminbi (“RMB”) on the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges. Under current regulations in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”), foreign investors can invest in the domestic PRC securities markets through certain market-access programs. These programs include the Qualified Foreign Investor (“QFI”, including Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“RQFII”)) program, where investors will be required to obtain a license from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to participate in the program. QFIs have also registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) to remit foreign currencies which can be traded on the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) in the PRC for the purpose of investing in the PRC’s domestic securities markets. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license.
B-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in China and are denominated and traded in US dollars and Hong Kong dollars (“HKD”) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, respectively. B-Shares are available to foreign investors. H-Shares are equity securities issued by companies incorporated in mainland China and are denominated and traded in HKD on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and other foreign exchanges.
Red chips and P chips are equity securities issued by companies incorporated outside of mainland China and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Companies that issue Red chips generally base their businesses in mainland China and are controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the state, provincial or municipal governments of the PRC. Companies that issue P chips generally are nonstate-owned Chinese companies incorporated outside of mainland China that satisfy the following criteria: (i) the company is controlled by PRC individuals, (ii) the company derives more than 80% of its revenue from the PRC and (iii) the company allocates more than 60% of its assets in the PRC.
The Advisor expects to use a representative sampling indexing strategy to seek to track the Underlying Index. As such, the Advisor expects to invest in a representative sample of the component securities of the Underlying Index that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The securities selected are expected to have, in the aggregate, investment characteristics (based on factors such as market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability and yield), and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. The Advisor expects to obtain exposure to the A-Share components of the Underlying Index indirectly by investing in the Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF (the “Underlying Fund”). The Advisor may also invest in Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF (the “Xtrackers Harvest ETFs”, and together with the Underlying Fund, the “Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs”) or other affiliated funds advised by the Advisor and sub-advised by Harvest Global Investments Limited (“HGI”), a licensed RQFII (and is regarded as a QFI under the prevailing rules and regulations in the PRC), that invests in A-Shares directly. Currently, the fund invests in the Underlying Fund. The fund does not currently intend to invest in A-Shares directly. To obtain exposure to the balance of the Underlying Index, the Advisor intends to invest directly in the components of the Underlying Index. The Underlying Fund may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shanghai Connect”) or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Shenzhen Connect,” and together with Shanghai Connect, “Stock Connect”). Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program between either the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”), China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited. Stock Connect is designed to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong by allowing investors to trade and settle shares on each market via their local exchanges. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which
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limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect, and as such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although a fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota is not specific to any fund, but to all investors investing through the Stock Connect.
The Xtrackers Harvest ETFs, through their subadvisor, may invest in A-Shares and other permitted China securities listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges via Stock Connect. The Xtrackers Harvest ETFs may also invest in A-Shares via the QFI license of HGI.
The Underlying Fund invests directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Under Stock Connect, the Underlying Fund’s trading of eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE or the SZSE, as applicable, would be effectuated through the Advisor. Additionally, the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs’ direct investments in A-Shares will be limited in part by the Daily Quota applicable to Stock Connect. Investment companies are not currently within the types of entities that are eligible for a QFI license. Because the Underlying Fund does not satisfy the criteria to qualify as a QFI, the Underlying Fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares via Stock Connect and, in the future, may also utilize any QFI license applied for by and granted to the Advisor and/or a subadvisor.
The fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities of issuers that comprise either directly or indirectly the Underlying Index or securities with economic characteristics similar to those included in the Underlying Index. While the fund intends to invest primarily in H-Shares, B-Shares, Red chips, P chips, and shares of the Underlying Fund, the fund also may invest in securities of issuers not included in the Underlying Index, the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs, futures contracts, stock index futures, swap contracts and other types of derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and/or foreign investment companies, that the Advisor believes will help the fund to achieve its investment objective. The remainder of the fund’s assets will be invested primarily in money market instruments and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in the equity securities of Chinese companies or in derivative instruments and other securities that provide investment exposure to Chinese companies.
As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 778 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $5.63 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $154 million. Under normal circumstances, the Underlying Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis, usually as of the close of the last business
day of February, May, August, and November. The pro forma Underlying Index is generally announced nine business days before the effective date. The fund rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance schedule will result in corresponding changes to the fund’s rebalance schedule.
The fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to the extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. As of July 31, 2021, a significant percentage of the Underlying Index was comprised of issuers in the consumer discretionary (24%) sector. The consumer discretionary goods sector includes durable goods, apparel, entertainment and leisure, and automobiles. To the extent that the fund tracks the Underlying Index, the fund’s investment in certain sectors may change over time.
The Advisor intends to pursue a representative sampling indexing strategy to achieve exposure to the fund’s Underlying Index, and to invest in shares of Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs to obtain indirect exposure to the A-Share components of the fund’s Underlying Index. While employing a representative sampling indexing strategy the Advisor does not expect the fund to hold all of the components of the Underlying Index. In addition, from time to time, the Advisor may choose to underweight or overweight a security in the Underlying Index, purchase securities not included in the Underlying Index that the Advisor believes are appropriate to substitute for certain securities in the Underlying Index, or utilize various combinations of other available investment techniques to seek to track, before fees and expenses, the performance of the Underlying Index. The Advisor may also sell securities that are represented in the Underlying Index in anticipation of their removal from the Underlying Index or purchase securities not represented in the Underlying Index in anticipation of their addition to the Underlying Index.
The fund may invest its assets in other securities, including, but not limited to: (i) swap contracts, (ii) interests in pooled investment vehicles, including affiliated and foreign funds (certain funds may not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and therefore, not subject to the same investor protections as the fund), (iii) securities not in the Underlying Index, including: (a) depositary receipts (depositary receipts, including American depositary receipts (“ADRs”) may be used by the fund in seeking performance that corresponds to the fund’s Underlying Index and in managing cash flows, and they may count towards compliance with the fund’s 80% investment policies) and (b) H-Shares, which are shares of a company incorporated in mainland China that are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other foreign exchanges, (iv) cash and cash equivalents, (v) money market instruments, such as repurchase agreements or money market funds (including money market
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funds advised by the Advisor, HGI or their affiliates subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act, or exemptions therefrom), (vi) convertible securities, (vii) structured notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement of a particular stock or stock index), and (viii) futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and other types of options related to the Underlying Index. A futures contract is a standardized exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time.
The fund or securities referred to herein are not sponsored, endorsed, issued, sold or promoted by MSCI, and MSCI bears no liability with respect to the fund or securities or any index on which the fund or securities are based. The Prospectus contains a more detailed description of the limited relationship MSCI has with DBX Advisors LLC and any related funds.
Securities lending. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for other purposes. In connection with such loans, the fund receives liquid collateral equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities being lent. This collateral is marked to market on a daily basis. The fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets.
Underlying Index Information
Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF IndexDescription.
The Underlying Index is a rules-based, free-float adjusted market capitalization index comprised of equity securities that are listed in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen. The Underlying Index is intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall performance of equity securities that are a representative sample of the entire Chinese investment universe. The Underlying Index is comprised of A-Shares, B-Shares, H-Shares, Red chips and P chips share classes as well as securities of Chinese companies listed in the US and Singapore. Securities listed in the US and Singapore are considered to be Chinese companies if they satisfy two out of three of the following criteria: (i) the company is based in the PRC; (ii) the company derives more than 50% of its revenue from activities conducted in the PRC; and (iii) the company has more than 50% of its assets in the PRC. As of July 31, 2021, the Underlying Index consisted of 778 securities with an average market capitalization of approximately $5.63 billion and a minimum market capitalization of approximately $154 million. These amounts are subject to change.
To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must have adequate liquidity measured by 12-month and three-month trading volume. Constituent stocks for the Underlying Index must have been listed for more than three months prior to the implementation of a semi-annual
index review by the Index Provider, unless the stock meets certain size-segment investability and full market capitalization requirements as defined by the Index Provider.
The Underlying Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis, usually as of the close of the last business day of February, May, August, and November. The pro forma Underlying Index is generally announced nine business days before the effective date.
During extraordinary market conditions, the Index Provider may delay any scheduled rebalancing of the Underlying Index. During any such delay it is possible that the Underlying Index will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology.
Main Risks
As with any investment, you could lose all or part of your investment in the fund, and the fund’s performance could trail that of other investments. The fund is subject to the main risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment objective.
Because the fund invests in one or more Underlying Funds, the risks listed here include those of the Underlying Funds as well as those of the fund itself. Therefore, in these risk descriptions the term “the fund” may refer to the fund itself, one or more Underlying Funds, or both.
Stock market risk. When stock prices fall, you should expect the value of your investment to fall as well. Stock prices can be hurt by poor management on the part of the stock’s issuer, shrinking product demand and other business risks. These may affect single companies as well as groups of companies. The market as a whole may not favor the types of investments the fund makes, which could adversely affect a stock’s price, regardless of how well the company performs, or the fund’s ability to sell a stock at an attractive price. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. Events in the US and global financial markets, including actions taken by the US Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility which could negatively affect performance. To the extent that the fund invests in a particular geographic region, capitalization or sector, the fund’s performance may be affected by the general performance of that region, capitalization or sector.
Market disruption risk. Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter
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operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets.
Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant uncertainty, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity, increased government activity, including economic stimulus measures, and supply chain disruptions that it has caused. The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve, including the risk of future increased rates of infection due to low vaccination rates and/or the lack of effectiveness of current vaccines against new variants. The pandemic has affected and may continue to affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the pandemic may result in the fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may magnify the impact of each of the other risks described in this “MAIN RISKS” section and may increase volatility in one or more markets in which the fund invests leading to the potential for greater losses for the fund.
Risk of investing in China. Investments in China involve certain risks and special considerations, including the following:
Investments in A-Shares. The fund intends to invest directly in A-Shares through Stock Connect and/or via the QFI license granted to the subadvisor. Restrictions may be imposed on the repatriation of gains and income that may affect the fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests. Currently, there are two stock exchanges in mainland China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). The SSE and SZSE are supervised by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and are highly automated with trading and settlement executed electronically. The SSE and SZSE are substantially smaller, less liquid, and more volatile than the major securities markets in the US.
The SSE commenced trading on December 19, 1990, and the SZSE commenced trading on July 3, 1991. The SSE and SZSE divide listed shares into two classes: A-Shares and B-Shares. Companies whose shares are traded on the SSE and SZSE that are incorporated in mainland China may issue both A-Shares and B-Shares. In China, the A-Shares and B-Shares of an issuer may only trade on one exchange. A-Shares and B-Shares may both be listed on either the SSE or SZSE. Both classes represent an ownership interest comparable to a share of common stock and
all shares are entitled to substantially the same rights and benefits associated with ownership. A-Shares are traded on SSE and SZSE in RMB.
Because restrictions continue to exist and capital therefore cannot flow freely into the A-Share market, it is possible that in the event of a market disruption, the liquidity of the A-Share market and trading prices of A-Shares could be more severely affected than the liquidity and trading prices of markets where securities are freely tradable and capital therefore flows more freely. The fund cannot predict the nature or duration of such a market disruption or the impact that it may have on the A-Share market and the short-term and long-term prospects of its investments in the A-Share market.
The Chinese government has in the past taken actions that benefited holders of A-Shares. As A-Shares become more accessible to foreign investors, such as the funds, the Chinese government may be less likely to take action that would benefit holders of A-Shares. In addition, there is no guarantee that any existing QFI license will be maintained or will not be revoked by CSRC at some point in the future. The fund cannot predict what would occur if the Stock Connect program was terminated, or if the relevant QFI license were to be revoked, although such an occurrence would likely have a material adverse effect on the fund.
Currently, the fund does not expect to invest in A-Shares directly. Instead, the fund will invest primarily in the Underlying Fund to obtain investment exposure to A-Shares. The fund may also invest in the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs. The fund’s A-Shares investment exposure may be limited by the limits that may be imposed by Stock Connect. Because the Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs invest directly in A-Shares, they are subject to the risk that restrictions may be imposed on the repatriation of gains and income that may affect their ability to satisfy redemption requests. The potential inability of the Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs to satisfy redemption requests could adversely affect the liquidity and performance of the fund.
On May 7, 2020, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Funds of Securities and Futures Investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (PBOC & SAFE Announcement [2020] No. 2) (the “Regulations”) which came into effect on June 6, 2020. The Regulations remove the quota restrictions on investment. However, there is no guarantee that the quotas will continue to be relaxed. On September 25, 2020, the CSRC, the PBOC, and the SAFE jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Decree No. 176) and the CSRC issued the Provisions on Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Securities and Futures Investment by Qualified Foreign
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Institutional Investors and RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (CSRC Announcement [2020] No.63), which came into effect on November 1, 2020. The major revisions to the previous rules include merger of the QFII regime and RQFII regime, relaxation of qualification requirements and facilitating investment and operations of QFIIs and RQFIIs, expansion of investment scope and enhancing ongoing supervision. As of the date of this prospectus, this is a relatively new development, and their application may depend on the interpretation given by the relevant PRC authorities. The current QFI laws, rules and regulations are subject to change, which may take retroactive effect. In addition, there can be no assurance that the QFI laws, rules and regulations will not be abolished. The fund which invests in the PRC markets through a QFI, may be adversely affected as a result of such changes.
Custody risks of investing in A-Shares under the QFI program. For investments under the QFI program, the subadvisor as a QFI is required to select a PRC sub-custodian (the “PRC sub-custodian”) which satisfies relevant requirements as set out in QFI rules and regulations. The PRC sub-custodian maintains the fund’s deposit accounts and oversees the fund’s investments in A-Shares in the PRC to ensure their compliance with the rules and regulations of the CSRC and the PBOC. A-Shares that are traded on the SSE and SZSE are dealt and held in book-entry form through the CSDCC. A-Shares purchased by the subadvisor, in their capacity as an QFI, on behalf of the fund, may be received by the CSDCC as credited to a securities trading account maintained by the PRC sub-custodian in the names of the fund and the subadvisor as the QFI. The subadvisor may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining the fund’s assets. However, given that the securities trading account will be maintained in the name of the subadvisor for the benefit of the fund, the fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of the subadvisor may assert that the securities are owned by the subadvisor and not the fund, and that a court would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of the subadvisor could seize assets of the fund. Because the subadvisor’s QFI license would be in the name of the subadvisor rather than the fund, there is also a risk that regulatory actions taken against the subadvisor by PRC government authorities may affect the fund.
Investors should note that cash deposited in the fund’s account with the PRC sub-custodian will not be segregated but will be a debt owing from the PRC sub-custodian to the fund as a depositor. Such cash will be co-mingled with cash belonging to other clients of the PRC sub-custodian. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the PRC sub-custodian, the fund will not have any proprietary rights to the cash deposited in the account, and the fund will become an unsecured creditor, ranking pari passu with all other unsecured creditors, of the PRC
sub-custodian. A fund may face difficulty and/or encounter delays in recovering such debt, or may not be able to recover it in full or at all, in which case the fund will suffer losses.
A-Shares tax risk. Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Since the respective inception of Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect, foreign investors (including the fund) investing in A-Shares listed on the SSE through Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect and those listed on the SZSE through Shenzhen – Hong Kong Stock Connect would be temporarily exempt from the PRC corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gains on disposal of such A-Shares. Dividends would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on a withholding basis at 10%, unless reduced under a double tax treaty with China upon application to and obtaining approval from the competent tax authority. Since November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the fund, while realized gains from shares in non-land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. The fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. The fund may also be liable to the Advisor or subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on the Advisor or subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the fund’s investments. If the fund's direct investments in A-Shares through the Advisor's or subadvisor’s QFI license in the future becomes subject to repatriation restrictions, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
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The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of a fund for the taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares through Stock Connect or obligations of a QFI. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor such as the fund is also uncertain. Finally, it is also unclear whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC Business Tax (“BT”) exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on the fund could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value- added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a fund and their shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments (whether made through Stock Connect or a QFI), a fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved (if any). The impact of any such tax liability on a fund’s return could be substantial. A fund will be liable to the Advisor and/or subadvisor for any Chinese tax that is imposed on the Advisor and/or subadvisor with respect to the fund’s investments.
To the extent a fund invests in swaps linked to A-Shares, such investments may be less tax-efficient for US tax purposes than a direct investment in A-Shares. Any tax liability incurred by the swap counterparty may be passed on to a fund. When a fund sells a swap on A-Shares, the sale price may take into account of the QFI’s tax liability.
Investments in swaps and other derivatives may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the character, timing and amount of income earned by a fund (e.g., by causing amounts that would be capital gain to be taxed as ordinary income or to be taken into income earlier than would otherwise be necessary). Also, a fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in its swaps and derivatives to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. For example, swaps in which a
fund may invest may need to be reset on a regular basis in order to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, which may increase the likelihood that the fund will generate short-term capital gains. In addition, because the application of special tax rules to a fund and its investments may be uncertain, it is possible that the manner in which they are applied by the fund may be determined to be incorrect. In that event, a fund may be found to have failed to maintain its qualification as a RIC or to be subject to additional US tax liability. A fund may make investments, both directly and through swaps or other derivative positions, in companies classified as passive foreign investment companies for US federal income tax purposes (“PFICs”). Investments in PFICs are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to the fund and its shareholders.
Risks of investing through Stock Connect. Trading through Stock Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect the fund’s investments and returns. Although no individual investment quotas or licensing requirements apply to investors in Stock Connect, trading through Stock Connect is subject to a daily quota (“Daily Quota”), which limits the maximum net purchases on any particular day by Hong Kong investors (and foreign investors trading through Hong Kong) trading PRC listed securities and PRC investors trading Hong Kong listed securities trading through the relevant Stock Connect. The Daily Quota does not belong to the fund and is utilized by all investors on a first-come-first- serve basis. As such, buy orders for A-Shares would be rejected once the Daily Quota is exceeded (although the fund will be permitted to sell A-Shares regardless of the Daily Quota balance). The Daily Quota may restrict the fund’s ability to invest in A-Shares through Stock Connect on a timely basis, which could affect the fund’s ability to effectively pursue its investment strategy. The Daily Quota is also subject to change.
In addition, investments made through Stock Connect are subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to the fund. Moreover, A-Shares through Stock Connect (“Stock Connect A-Shares”) generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. While A-shares must be designated as eligible to be traded under Stock Connect (such eligible A-Shares listed on the SSE, the “SSE Securities,” and such eligible A-Shares listed on the SZSE, the “SZSE Securities”), those A-Shares may also lose such designation, and if this occurs, such A-Shares may be sold but could no longer be purchased through Stock Connect. With respect to sell orders under Stock Connect, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) carries out pre-trade checks to ensure an investor has sufficient A-Shares in its account before the market opens on the trading day. Accordingly, if there are insufficient A-Shares in an investor’s account before the market opens on the trading day, the sell order will be
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rejected, which may adversely impact the funds’ performance. However, the fund may request a custodian to open a special segregated account (“SPSA”) in CCASS (the Central Clearing and Settlement System operated by HKSCC (the Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited) for the clearing securities listed or traded on SEHK) to maintain its holdings in A-Shares under the enhanced pre-trade checking model. Each SPSA will be assigned a unique “Investor ID” by CCASS for the purpose of facilitating Stock Connect order routing system to verify the holdings of an investor such as the fund. Provided that there is sufficient holding in the SPSA when a broker inputs the fund’s sell order, the fund will be able to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares (as opposed to the practice of transferring A-Shares to the broker’s account under the current pre-trade checking model for non-SPSA accounts). Opening of the SPSA accounts for the fund will enable it to dispose of its holdings of A-Shares in a timely manner.
In addition, Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A- Shares through Stock Connect may subject the fund to the risk of price fluctuations on days when the Chinese markets are open, but Stock Connect is not trading. Each of the SEHK, SSE and SZSE reserves the right to suspend trading under Stock Connect under certain circumstances. Where such a suspension of trading is effected, the fund’s ability to access A-Shares through Stock Connect will be adversely affected. In addition, if one or both of the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed on a US trading day, the fund may not be able to acquire or dispose of A-Shares through Stock Connect in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance.
The fund’s investments in A-Shares though Stock Connect are held by its custodian in accounts in CCASS maintained by the HKSCC, which in turn holds the A-Shares, as the nominee holder, through an omnibus securities account in its name registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”). The precise nature and rights of each fund as the beneficial owner of the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities through HKSCC as nominee is not well defined under PRC law. There is a lack of a clear definition of, and distinction between, legal ownership and beneficial ownership under PRC law and there have been few cases involving a nominee account structure in the PRC courts. The exact nature and methods of enforcement of the rights and interests of each fund under PRC law is also uncertain. In the unlikely event that HKSCC becomes subject to winding up proceedings in Hong Kong, there is a risk that the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities may not be regarded as held for the beneficial ownership of each fund or as part of the general assets of HKSCC available for general distribution to its creditors.
Notwithstanding the fact that HKSCC does not claim proprietary interests in the SSE Securities or SZSE Securities held in its omnibus stock account in the CSDCC, the CSDCC as the share registrar for SSE- or SZSE-listed companies will still treat HKSCC as one of the shareholders when it handles corporate actions in respect of such SSE Securities or SZSE Securities. HKSCC monitors the corporate actions affecting SSE Securities and SZSE Securities and keeps participants of CCASS informed of all such corporate actions that require CCASS participants to take steps in order to participate in them. A fund will therefore depend on HKSCC for both settlement and notification and implementation of corporate actions.
The HKSCC is responsible for the clearing, settlement and the provisions of depositary, nominee and other related services of the trades executed by Hong Kong market participants and investors. Accordingly, investors do not hold SSE Securities or SZSE Securities directly – they are held through their brokers’ or custodians’ accounts with CCASS. The HKSCC and the CSDCC establish clearing links and each has become a participant of the other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-border trades. Should CSDCC default and the CSDCC be declared as a defaulter, HKSCC’s liabilities in Stock Connect under its market contracts with clearing participants will be limited to assisting clearing participants in pursuing their claims against the CSDCC. In that event, the fund may suffer delays in the recovery process or may not be able to fully recover its losses from the CSDCC.
Market participants are able to participate in Stock Connect subject to meeting certain information technology capability, risk management and other requirements as may be specified by the relevant exchange and/or clearing house. Further, the “connectivity” in Stock Connect requires the routing of orders across the borders of Hong Kong and the PRC. This requires the development of new information technology systems on the part of the SEHK and exchange participants. There is no assurance that these systems will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in A-Shares through Stock Connect could be disrupted, and the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected.
A primary feature of Stock Connect is the application of the home market’s laws and rules applicable to investors in A-Shares. Therefore, the fund’s investments in Stock Connect A-Shares are generally subject to PRC securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions.
Finally, according to Caishui [2014] 81 (“Circular 81”) and Caishui [2016] 127 (“Circular 127”), while foreign investors are exempted from paying capital gains or business taxes (later, value-added taxes) on income and gains from investments in Stock Connect A-Shares, these PRC tax rules could be changed, which could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the fund. Dividends derived from A-Shares are
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subject to a 10% PRC withholding income tax generally. PRC stamp duty is also payable for transactions in A-Shares through Stock Connect. Currently, PRC stamp duty on A-Shares transactions is only imposed on the seller, but not on the purchaser, at the tax rate of 0.1% of the total sales value.
Circular 81 and Circular 127 stipulate that PRC business tax (and, subsequently, PRC value-added tax) is temporarily exempted on capital gains derived by Hong Kong market participants (including the fund) from the trading of A-Shares through Stock Connect. According to Caishui [2016] No. 36, the PRC value- added tax reform in the PRC will be expanded to all industries, including financial services, starting May 1, 2016. The PRC business tax exemption prescribed in Circular 81 is grandfathered under the value-added tax regime.
The Stock Connect program is a relatively new program. Further developments are likely and there can be no assurance as to the program’s continued existence or whether future developments regarding the program may restrict or adversely affect the fund’s investments or returns. In addition, the application and interpretation of the laws and regulations of Hong Kong and the PRC, and the rules, policies or guidelines published or applied by relevant regulators and exchanges in respect of the Stock Connect program are uncertain, and they may have a detrimental effect on the fund’s investments and returns.
Political and economic risk. The economy of China, which has been in a state of transition from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy, differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, its state of development, its growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the majority of productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government at various levels, in recent years, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures emphasizing utilization of market forces in the development of the economy of China and a high level of management autonomy. The economy of China has experienced significant growth in recent decades, but growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Economic growth has also been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The PRC government has implemented various measures from time to time to control inflation and restrain the rate of economic growth.
For several decades, the PRC government has carried out economic reforms to achieve decentralization and utilization of market forces to develop the economy of the PRC. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will continue to pursue such economic policies or that such policies, if pursued, will be successful. Any adjustment and modification of those economic policies may have an adverse
impact on the securities markets in the PRC as well as the constituent securities of the Underlying Index. Further, the PRC government may from time to time adopt corrective measures to control the growth of the PRC economy which may also have an adverse impact on the capital growth and performance of the fund.
Political changes, social instability and adverse diplomatic developments in the PRC could result in the imposition of additional government restrictions including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxes or nationalization of some or all of the property held by the issuers of the A-Shares in the fund’s Underlying Index. The laws, regulations, including the investment regulations, government policies and political and economic climate in China may change with little or no advance notice. Any such change could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
The Chinese government continues to be an active participant in many economic sectors through ownership positions and regulations. The allocation of resources in China is subject to a high level of government control. The Chinese government strictly regulates the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and sets monetary policy. Through its policies, the government may provide preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Recently, the Chinese government has become more aggressive about regulating the operations of particular companies or sectors, including large companies which are indirectly listed in the US. These regulations may substantially limit or prohibit the operations of such companies and cause investors to lose some or all of the value of their investment. The policies set by the government could have a substantial effect on the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
The Chinese economy is export-driven and highly reliant on trade. The performance of the Chinese economy may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The domestic consumer class in China is still emergent, while the economy's dependence on exports may not be sustainable. Adverse changes to the economic conditions of its primary trading partners, such as the European Union, the US, Hong Kong, the Association of South East Asian Nations, and Japan, would adversely affect the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments.
In addition, as much of China’s growth over recent decades has been a result of significant investment in substantial export trade, international trade tensions may arise from time to time which can result in trade tariffs, embargoes, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative consequences. The current political climate has intensified concerns about trade tariffs and a potential trade war between China and the US. These consequences may
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trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry with a potentially severe negative impact to the fund. In addition, it is possible that the continuation or worsening of the current political climate could result in regulatory restrictions being contemplated or imposed in the US or in China that could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to invest in accordance with its investment policies and/or achieve its investment objective. In July 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (“PWG”) proposed a number of regulatory changes aimed at addressing potential risks to US investors from investments in issuers that provide limited access to their financial statements, including Chinese companies. The PWG’s proposals included having the SEC consider encouraging or requiring US registered funds to conduct additional due diligence on an index’s exposure to such issuers and how the index provider addresses concerns arising from limited availability of such issuers’ financial information. If the SEC adopts these proposals, they could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. In addition, in June 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order (“CMIC Order”) prohibiting US persons, including the fund, from purchasing or selling publicly traded securities (including publicly traded securities that are derivative of, or are designed to provide exposure to, such securities) of any Chinese company identified as a Chinese Military Industrial Complex Company (“CMIC”). This prohibition, effective August 2, 2021, expands on similar sanctions imposed by the prior administration on certain designated Chinese military companies (“CCMCs”) that took effect in January 2021. To the extent that any company in the Underlying Index is identified as a CMIC at any time (or was previously designated as a CCMC), it may have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index. Also,in December 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) was signed into law. When implemented, the HFCAA could cause securities of foreign issuers (including China) to be de-listed from US stock exchanges if those companies do not permit US oversight of the auditing of their financial information. The potential impact of the HFCAA is unclear at this time, but to the extent that the fund currently transacts in securities of a foreign company in the Underlying Index on a US exchange but is unable to do so in the future, the fund will have to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities or obtain exposure to such securities through alternative means (such as derivatives), either of which could increase the fund’s costs and have a material adverse effect on the fund’s ability to continue tracking the Underlying Index. Finally, the Chair of the SEC announced in July 2021 that the SEC would be requiring additional disclosures about the corporate structure of Chinese companies listing in the
US (pursuant to which US investors own shares in an offshore shell company rather than the Chinese company itself) and the risks to US investors, including the risks of such companies being delisted from the US exchange under the HFCAA. Events such as these are difficult to predict and may or may not occur in the future.
China has been transitioning to a market economy since the late seventies, and has only recently opened up to foreign investment and permitted private economic activity. Under the economic reforms implemented by the Chinese government, the Chinese economy has experienced tremendous growth, developing into one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is no assurance, however, that the Chinese government will not revert to the economic policy of central planning that it implemented prior to 1978 or that such growth will be sustained in the future. An economic downturn in China would adversely impact the fund’s investments.
From time to time, and as recently as early 2020 with the coronavirus known as COVID-19, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other infectious illnesses, diseases or other public health emergencies in the future. Any public health emergency could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the fund’s investments.
Inflation. Economic growth in China has historically been accompanied by periods of high inflation. Beginning in 2004, the Chinese government commenced the implementation of various measures to control inflation, which included the tightening of the money supply, the raising of interest rates and more stringent control over certain industries. If these measures are not successful, and if inflation were to steadily increase, the performance of the Chinese economy and the fund’s investments could be adversely affected.
Nationalization and expropriation. After the formation of the Chinese socialist state in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations and nationalized private assets without providing any form of compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar actions in the future. Accordingly, an investment in the fund involves a risk of a total loss.
Hong Kong policy. As part of Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, China agreed to allow Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy with regard to its political, legal and economic systems for a period of at least 50 years. China controls matters that relate to defense and foreign affairs. Under the agreement, China does not tax Hong Kong, does not limit the exchange of the Hong Kong dollar for foreign currencies and does not place restrictions on free trade in Hong Kong. However, there is no guarantee that China will continue
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to honor the agreement, and China may change its policies regarding Hong Kong at any time. As of July 2020, the Chinese Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacted the Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (the “Hong Kong Law”), which imposed substantial limits on Hong Kong’s political and legal autonomy in a manner widely considered within Hong Kong and by other countries as a violation of China’s agreement in 1997. Hong Kong has experienced wide protests and extensive turmoil before and after the enactment of this law. Also as of July 2020, Hong Kong is no longer afforded preferential economic treatment by the United States under US law, and there is uncertainty as to how the economy of Hong Kong will be affected. Any further changes in China's policies could adversely affect market conditions and the performance of the Chinese economy and, thus, the value of securities in the fund’s portfolio.
Chinese securities markets. The securities markets in China have a limited operating history and are not as developed as those in the US. The markets tend to be smaller in size, have less liquidity and historically have had greater volatility than markets in the US and some other countries. In addition, under normal market conditions, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the US. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are US issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely disclosure of information. During periods of significant market volatility, the Chinese government has, from time to time, intervened in its domestic securities markets to a greater degree than would be typical in more developed markets, including both direct and indirect market stabilization efforts, which may affect valuations of Chinese issuers. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulations.
Available disclosure about Chinese companies. Chinese companies are required to follow Chinese accounting standards and practices, which only follow international accounting standards to a certain extent. However, the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to PRC companies, including those listed on US exchanges, may be less rigorous, and there may be significant differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and practice and those prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a Chinese issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected
had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The quality of audits in China may be unreliable, which may require enhanced procedures. Consequently, the fund may not be provided the same degree of protection or information as would generally apply in developed countries and the fund may be exposed to significant losses. There is also substantially less publicly available information about Chinese issuers than there is about US issuers. Therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made, and less information may be available to the fund and other investors than would be the case if the fund’s investments were restricted to securities of US issuers.
Chinese corporate and securities law. The regulations which regulate investments by QFIs in the PRC and the repatriation of capital from QFI investments are relatively new. As a result, the application and interpretation of such investment regulations are therefore relatively untested. In addition, PRC authorities and regulators have broad discretion under such investment regulations and there is little precedent or certainty evidencing how such discretion will be exercised now or in the future.
The fund’s rights with respect to its investments in A-Shares (as applicable), if any, generally will not be governed by US law, and instead will generally be governed by Chinese law. China operates under a civil law system, in which court precedent is not binding. Because there is no binding precedent to interpret existing statutes, there is uncertainty regarding the implementation of existing law.
Legal principles relating to corporate affairs and the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and liabilities and stockholders’ rights often differ from those that may apply in the US and other countries. Chinese laws providing protection to investors, such as laws regarding the fiduciary duties of officers and directors, are undeveloped and will not provide investors, such as the fund, with protection in all situations where protection would be provided by comparable laws in the US. China lacks a national set of laws that address all issues that may arise with regard to a foreign investor such as the fund. It may therefore be difficult for the fund to enforce its rights as an investor under Chinese corporate and securities laws, and it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to obtain a judgment in court. Moreover, as Chinese corporate and securities laws continue to develop, these developments may adversely affect foreign investors, such as the fund.
Due to restrictions on foreign ownership of Chinese companies imposed under Chinese law, Chinese companies that are listed in the US typically do not offer common stock in the company itself to US investors. Rather, Chinese companies typically offer shares of an offshore shell company that has entered into service and other contracts with the Chinese company. Accordingly, US investors in Chinese companies listed on a US stock exchange do not
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actually own shares of the Chinese company itself. Moreover, the Chinese government may at any time invalidate or limit the contracts between a Chinese company and the offshore shell company which is offering shares in the US, which may result in the partial or total loss of the value of a US investor's shares in the offshore shell company even if a direct investment in the Chinese company would retain value.
Other sanctions and embargoes. From time to time, certain of the companies in which the fund expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the US government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the US government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Tax on retained income and gains. To the extent the fund does not distribute to shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain in a given year, it will be required to pay US federal income tax on the retained income and gains, thereby reducing the fund’s return. A fund may elect to treat any retained net capital gain as having been distributed to shareholders. In that case, shareholders of record on the last day of the fund’s taxable year will be required to include their attributable share of the retained gain in income for the year as a long-term capital gain despite not actually receiving the dividend, and will be entitled to a tax credit or refund for the tax deemed paid on their behalf by the fund as well as an increase in the basis of their shares to reflect the difference between their attributable share of the gain and the related credit or refund.
Foreign exchange control. The Chinese government heavily regulates the domestic exchange of foreign currencies within China. Under China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) regulations, Chinese corporations may only purchase foreign currencies through government approved banks. In general, Chinese companies must receive approval from or register with the Chinese government before investing in certain capital account items, including direct investments and loans, and must thereafter maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for the capital items. Foreign investors may only exchange foreign currencies at specially authorized banks after complying with documentation requirements. These restrictions may adversely affect the fund and its investments. The international community has requested that China ease its restrictions on currency exchange, but it is unclear whether the Chinese government will change its policy.
RMB, is currently not a freely convertible currency as it is subject to foreign exchange control, fiscal policies and repatriation restrictions imposed by the Chinese government. Such control of currency conversion and movements in the RMB exchange rates may adversely affect the operations and financial results of companies in the PRC. In addition, if such control policies change in the future, the fund may be adversely affected. Since 2005, the exchange rate of the RMB is no longer pegged to the US dollar. The RMB has now moved to a managed floating exchange rate based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of foreign currencies. The daily trading price of the RMB against other major currencies in the inter-bank foreign exchange market would be allowed to float within a narrow band around the central parity published by the People’s Bank of China. As the exchange rates are based primarily on market forces, the exchange rates for RMB against other currencies, including the US dollar, are susceptible to movements based on external factors. There can be no assurance that the RMB will not be subject to appreciation or devaluation, either due to changes in government policy or market factors. Any devaluation of the RMB could adversely affect the value of the fund’s investments. The PRC government imposes restrictions on the remittance of RMB out of and into China. To the extent the fund invests through a QFI, the fund may be required to remit foreign freely convertible currencies (in the case of a QFII) and RMB (in the case of an RQFII) to the PRC to settle the purchase of A-Shares and other permissible securities by the fund. In the event such remittance is disrupted, the fund may not be able to fully replicate its Underlying Index by investing in the relevant A-Shares and this will increase the tracking error of the fund. Any delay in repatriation out of China may result in delay in payment of redemption proceeds to the redeeming investors. The Chinese government’s policies on exchange control and repatriation restrictions are subject to change, and the fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
Foreign currency considerations. The assets of the fund are invested primarily in the equity securities of issuers in China and the income received by the fund will be primarily in RMB.
RMB can be further categorized into onshore RMB (“CNY”), traded only in the PRC, and offshore RMB (“CNH”), traded outside the PRC. CNY and CNH are traded at different exchange rates and their exchange rates may not move in the same direction. Although there has been a growing amount of RMB held offshore, CNH cannot be freely remitted into the PRC and is subject to certain restrictions, and vice versa. The fund may also be adversely affected by the exchange rates between CNY and CNH. There is no assurance that there will always be RMB available in sufficient amounts for the fund to remain fully invested.
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Meanwhile, the fund will compute and expects to distribute its income in US dollars, and the computation of income will be made on the date that the income is earned by the fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. Any gain or loss attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the fund accrues income or gain and the time the fund converts such income or gain from RMB to the US dollar is generally treated as ordinary income or loss for US federal income tax purposes. Therefore, if the value of the RMB increases relative to the US dollar between the accrual of income and the time at which the fund converts the RMB to US dollars, the fund will recognize ordinary income when the RMB is converted. In such circumstances, if the fund has insufficient cash in US dollars to meet distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, the fund may be required to liquidate certain positions in order to make distributions. The liquidation of investments, if required, may also have an adverse impact on the fund’s performance.
Furthermore, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB. Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund desire immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. A fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
Currently, there is no market in China in which the fund may engage in hedging transactions to minimize RMB foreign exchange risk in CNY, and there can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging currency in CNY will be available to the fund in China at any time in the future. In the event that in the future it becomes possible to hedge RMB currency risk in China in CNY, the fund may seek to reduce the foregoing currency risks by engaging in hedging transactions. In that case, the fund may enter into forward currency exchange contracts and currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts, as well as purchase put or call options on currencies, in China. The funds do not currently intend to hedge RMB currency risk in CNH. Currency hedging would involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s or subadvisor’s (as applicable) view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of currency transactions could result in the fund’s incurring losses as a result of the imposition of exchange controls, exchange rate regulation, suspension of settlements or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency.
PRC brokers risk. Regulations adopted by the CSRC and SAFE under which the fund will invest in A-Shares provide that the subadvisor as a QFI, may select PRC broker(s) to execute transactions on its behalf on each of the two PRC exchanges – the SSE and SZSE. The subadvisor may select the same broker(s) for both exchanges. As a result, the subadvisor will have less flexibility to choose among brokers on behalf of the fund than is typically the case for US investment managers. In the event of any default of a PRC broker in the execution or settlement of any transaction or in the transfer of any funds or securities in the PRC, the fund may encounter delays in recovering its assets which may in turn adversely impact the NAV of the fund.
If the subadvisor is unable to use one of its designated PRC brokers in the PRC, units of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to its NAV or the fund may not be able to track the Underlying Index. Further, the operation of the fund may be adversely affected in the case of any acts or omissions of a PRC broker, which may result in increased tracking error or the fund being traded at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. The limited number of PRC brokers that may be appointed may cause the fund to not necessarily pay the lowest commission available in the market. The subadvisor, however, in its selection of PRC brokers will consider such factors as the competitiveness of commission rates, size of the relevant orders, and execution standards. There is a risk that the fund may suffer losses from the default, bankruptcy or disqualification of the PRC brokers. In such events, the fund may be adversely affected in the execution of any transaction.
Disclosure of interests and short swing profit rule. The fund may be subject to shareholder disclosure of interest regulations promulgated by the CSRC. These regulations currently require the fund to make certain public disclosures when the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund acquire 5% or more of the issued voting securities of a listed company (which include A-Shares of the listed company). If the reporting requirement is triggered, the fund will be required to report information which includes, but is not limited to: (a) information about the fund (and parties acting in concert with the fund) and the type and extent of its holdings in the company; (b) a statement of the fund’s purposes for the investment and whether the fund intends to increase its holdings over the following 12-month period; (c) a statement of the fund’s historical investments in the company over the previous six months; (d) the time of, and other information relating to, the transaction that triggered the fund’s holding in the listed company reaching the 5% reporting threshold; and (e) other information that may be required by the CSRC or the stock exchange. Additional information may be required if the fund and its concerted parties constitute the largest shareholder or actual controlling shareholder of the listed company. The report must be made to the CSRC, the stock exchange, the invested company, and the CSRC local representative office where the listed company is located. A
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fund would also be required to make a public announcement through a media outlet designated by the CSRC. The public announcement must contain the same content as the official report. The public announcement may require the fund to disclose its holdings to the public, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of the fund.
The relevant PRC regulations presumptively treat all affiliated investors and investors under common control as parties acting in concert. As such, under a conservative interpretation of these regulations, the fund may be deemed as a “concerted party” of other funds managed by the Advisor, subadvisor or their affiliates and therefore may be subject to the risk that the fund’s holdings may be required to be reported in the aggregate with the holdings of such other funds should the aggregate holdings trigger the reporting threshold under the PRC law. If the 5% shareholding threshold is triggered by the fund and parties acting in concert with the fund, the fund would be required to file its report within three days of the date the threshold is reached. During the time limit for filing the report, a trading freeze applies and the fund would not be permitted to make subsequent trades in the invested company’s securities. Any such trading freeze may undermine the fund’s performance, if the fund would otherwise make trades during that period but is prevented from doing so by the regulation.
Once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 5% or more will trigger a further reporting requirement and an additional trading freeze from the date the threshold is reached to the end of three days after the report and announcement is made. These trading freezes may undermine the fund’s performance as described above. According to the securities laws of China, whoever purchases the voting securities of a listed company in violation of the requirements in this paragraph may not exercise the voting rights of the securities that exceed the threshold within 36 months after purchasing them.
Further, once the fund and parties acting in concert reach the 5% trading threshold as to any listed company, for any subsequent incremental increase or decrease of 1%, the fund would be required to notify the listed company and make an announcement thereon on the day immediately after the date the threshold is reached. Also, SSE requirements currently require the fund and parties acting in concert, once they have reach the 5% threshold, to disclose whenever their shareholding drops below this threshold (even as a result of trading which is less than the 5% incremental change that would trigger a reporting requirement under the relevant CSRC regulation).
CSRC regulations also contain additional disclosure (and tender offer) requirements that apply when an investor and parties acting in concert reach thresholds of 20% and greater than 30% shareholding in a company.
Subject to the interpretation of PRC courts and PRC regulators, the operation of the PRC short swing profit rule may be applicable to the trading of the fund with the result that where the holdings of the fund (possibly with the holdings of other investors deemed as concert parties of the fund) exceed 5% of the total issued voting shares of a listed company, the fund may not reduce its holdings in the company within six months of the last purchase of shares of the company. If a fund violates the rule, it may be required by the listed company to return any profits realized from such trading to the listed company. In addition, the rule limits the ability of the fund to repurchase securities of the listed company within six months of such sale. Moreover, under PRC civil procedures, the fund’s assets may be frozen to the extent of the claims made by the company in question. These risks may greatly impair the performance of the fund.
Investment and repatriation restrictions. Investments by the fund in A-Shares (as well as other Chinese financial instruments permitted by the CSRC and the People’s Bank of China, including open- and closed-end investment companies) may be subject to governmental pre-approval limitations on the quantity that the fund may purchase and/or limits on the classes of securities in which the fund may invest.
With respect to investments in A-Shares made through the QFI program, repatriations by QFIs are currently not subject to repatriation restrictions or prior regulatory approval, although a review on authenticity and compliance will be conducted on each remittance and repatriation by the PRC sub-custodian appointed by the QFI. The repatriation process may be subject to certain requirements set out in the relevant regulations such as submission of certain documents, and completion of the repatriation process may be subject to delay. Furthermore, as the PRC sub-custodian’s review on authenticity and compliance is conducted on each repatriation, the repatriation may be delayed or even rejected by the PRC sub-custodian in case of non-compliance with the QFI rules and regulations. In such case, redemption proceeds will be paid to the redeeming investors as soon as practicable after completion of the repatriation of funds concerned. The actual time required for the completion of the relevant repatriation will be beyond the subadvisor’s control. There is no assurance, however, that PRC rules and regulations will not change or that repatriation restrictions will not be imposed in the future. Any restrictions on repatriation of the fund’s assets may adversely affect the fund’s ability to meet redemption requests and/or may cause the fund to borrow money in order to meet its obligations. These limitations may also prevent the fund from making certain distributions to shareholders.
The Chinese government limits foreign investment in the securities of certain Chinese issuers entirely, if foreign investment is banned in respect of the industry in which the relevant Chinese issuers are conducting their business.
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These restrictions or limitations may have adverse effects on the liquidity and performance of the fund’s holdings as compared to the performance of the Underlying Index. This may increase the risk of tracking error and, at the worst, the fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Investments in certain Chinese financial instruments permitted by the CSRC and the People’s Bank of China, including A-Shares (if any) and open- and closed-end investment companies, may be subject to governmental pre-approval limitations on the quantity that the fund may purchase and/or limits on the classes of securities in which the fund may invest.
A-Shares currency risk. The fund’s investments in A-Shares will be denominated in RMB and the income received by the fund in respect of such investments will be in RMB. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s returns. The value of the RMB may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies issued by the PRC, the US, foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global political or economic developments. Therefore, the fund’s exposure to RMB may result in reduced returns to the fund. The fund does not expect to hedge its currency risk. Moreover, the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between US dollars and RMB and will bear the risk of any inability to convert the RMB.
Foreign investment risk. The fund faces the risks inherent in foreign investing. Adverse political, economic or social developments could undermine the value of the fund’s investments or prevent the fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in the US. Additionally, foreign securities markets generally are smaller and less liquid than US markets. To the extent that the fund invests in non-US dollar denominated foreign securities, changes in currency exchange rates may affect the US dollar value of foreign securities or the income or gain received on these securities.
Foreign governments may restrict investment by foreigners, limit withdrawal of trading profit or currency from the country, restrict currency exchange or seize foreign investments. In addition, the fund may be limited in its ability to exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty's legal obligations in certain jurisdictions outside of the US. The investments of the fund may also be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Foreign brokerage commissions and other fees are generally higher than those for US investments, and the transactions and custody of foreign assets may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Foreign markets can have liquidity risks beyond those typical of US markets. Because foreign exchanges generally are smaller and less liquid than US exchanges, buying
and selling foreign investments can be more difficult and costly. Relatively small transactions can sometimes materially affect the price and availability of securities. In certain situations, it may become virtually impossible to sell an investment at a price that approaches portfolio management’s estimate of its value. For the same reason, it may at times be difficult to value the fund’s foreign investments. In addition, because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
In addition, various PRC companies derive their revenues in RMB but have requirements for foreign currency, including for the import of materials, debt service on foreign currency denominated debt, purchases of imported equipment and payment of any cash dividends declared. The existing PRC foreign exchange regulations have significantly reduced government foreign exchange controls for certain transactions, including trade and service related foreign exchange transactions and payment of dividends. However, it is impossible to predict whether the PRC government will continue its existing foreign exchange policy and when the PRC government will allow free conversion of the RMB to foreign currency. Certain foreign exchange transactions, including principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, currently continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of SAFE. Since 1994, the conversion of RMB into US dollars has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous day’s PRC interbank foreign exchange market rate. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of RMB to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In addition, a market maker system was introduced to the interbank spot foreign exchange market. In July 2008, China announced that its exchange rate regime was further transformed into a managed floating mechanism based on market supply and demand. Given the domestic and overseas economic developments, the PBOC decided to further improve the RMB exchange rate regime in June 2010 to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate. In April 2012, the PBOC decided to take a further step to increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate by expanding the daily trading band from +/– 0.5% to +/– 1%. Effective from March 17, 2014, the floating band of RMB against USD on the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market was enlarged from 1% to 2%, i.e., on every trading day on the inter-bank spot market, the trading prices of RMB against USD would fluctuate within a band of +/– 2 below and above the central parity as released by the China Foreign Exchange Trade System on that day. On each business day, the spread between the RMB/USD buying and selling prices offered by the designated foreign
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exchange banks to their clients was within 3% of the published central parity of USD on that day, instead of 2%. Effective from August 11, 2015, the RMB central parity is fixed against the USD by reference to the closing rate of the interbank foreign exchange market on the previous day (rather than the previous morning’s official setting). It is not possible to predict nor give any assurance of any future stability of the RMB to US dollar exchange rate. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the fund’s NAV. Furthermore, because dividends are declared in US dollars and underlying payments are made in RMB, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect dividends paid by the fund.
Underlying funds risk. To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in one or more Underlying Funds, the fund’s performance will be directly related to the performance of an Underlying Fund. The fund’s investments in other investment companies subject the fund to the risks affecting those investment companies.
In addition, the fund indirectly pays a portion of the expenses incurred by an Underlying Fund, which lowers performance. To the extent that the fund’s allocations favor an Underlying Fund with higher expenses, the overall cost of investing paid by the fund will be higher.
The fund is also subject to the risk that an Underlying Fund may pay a redemption request made by the fund, wholly or partly, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities rather than in cash. The fund may hold such portfolio securities until the Advisor determines to dispose of them, and the fund will bear the market risk of the securities received in the redemption until their disposition. Upon disposing of such portfolio securities, the fund may experience increased brokerage commissions.
An investor in the fund may receive taxable gains from portfolio transactions by an Underlying Fund, as well as taxable gains from transactions in shares of the Underlying Fund held by the fund. As the fund’s allocations to an Underlying Fund change from time to time, or to the extent that the expense ratio of an Underlying Fund changes, the weighted average operating expenses borne by the fund may increase or decrease.
To the extent the fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in shares of foreign investment companies, including but not limited to, ETFs the shares of which are listed and traded primarily or solely on a foreign securities exchange, such foreign funds will not be registered as investment companies with the SEC or subject to the US federal securities laws. As a result, the fund’s ability to transfer shares of such foreign funds outside of the foreign fund’s primary market will be restricted or prohibited. While such foreign funds may operate similarly to domestic funds, the fund as an investor in a foreign fund will not be afforded the same investor protections as are provided by the US federal securities laws.
When the fund invests in a foreign fund, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the foreign fund’s expenses. Further, in part because of these additional expenses, the performance of a foreign fund may differ from the performance the fund would achieve if it invested directly in the underlying investments of the foreign fund. The fund’s investments in foreign ETFs will be subject to the risk that the NAV of the foreign fund’s shares may trade below the fund’s NAV. The NAV of foreign fund shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the foreign fund’s holdings. The trading prices of foreign fund shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as market supply and demand. The difference between the bid price and ask price, commonly referred to as the “spread,” will also vary for a foreign ETF depending on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity. Generally, the greater the trading volume and market liquidity, the smaller the spread is and vice versa. Any of these factors may lead to a foreign fund’s shares trading at a premium or a discount to NAV.
Depositary receipt risk. Foreign investments in American Depositary Receipts and other depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. Certain of the depositary receipts in which the fund invests may be unsponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer and may not carry the same voting privileges as sponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued by one or more depositaries in response to market demand, but without a formal agreement with the company that issues the underlying securities.
Derivatives risk. Derivatives are financial instruments, such as futures and swaps, whose values are based on the value of one or more indicators, such as a security, asset, currency, interest rate, or index. Derivatives involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. For example, derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying indicator. Derivative transactions can create investment leverage, may be highly volatile and the fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Many derivative transactions are entered into “over-the-counter” (i.e., not on an exchange or contract market); as a result, the value of such a derivative transaction will depend on the ability and the willingness of the fund’s counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If a counterparty were to default on its obligations, the fund’s contractual remedies against such counterparty may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws, which could affect the fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the fund
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may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive). A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the fund’s derivative positions at any time.
Counterparty risk. To the extent the fund invests in swaps to gain exposure to A-Shares in an effort to achieve the fund’s investment objective, the fund will be subject to the risk that the number of counterparties able to enter into swaps to provide exposure to A-Shares may be limited. To the extent that the QFI license of a potential swap counterparty is revoked or eliminated due to actions by the Chinese government or as a result of transactions entered into by the counterparty with other investors, the counterparty’s ability to continue to enter into swaps or other derivative transactions with the fund may be reduced or eliminated, which could have a material adverse effect on the fund. These risks are compounded by the fact that at present there are only a limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions linked to the performance of A-Shares.
Furthermore, swaps are of limited duration and there is no guarantee that swaps entered into with a counterparty will continue indefinitely. Accordingly, the duration of a swap depends on, among other things, the ability of the fund to renew the expiration period of the relevant swap at agreed upon terms. QFIs may be limited or prohibited from entering into swap or other derivative transactions on QFI investments with the fund, which, in turn, could adversely affect the fund.
Focus risk. To the extent that the fund focuses its investments in particular industries, asset classes or sectors of the economy, any market price movements, regulatory or technological changes, or economic conditions affecting companies in those industries, asset classes or sectors may have a significant impact on the fund’s performance.
Consumer discretionary sector risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in the consumer discretionary sector, the fund will be sensitive to changes in, and the fund’s performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the consumer discretionary sector. Companies engaged in the consumer discretionary sector are subject to fluctuations in supply and demand. These companies may also be adversely affected by changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations.
Passive investing risk. Unlike a fund that is actively managed, in which portfolio management buys and sells securities based on research and analysis, the fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, the Underlying Index, regardless of their investment merits. Because the fund is designed to maintain a high level of exposure to the Underlying Index at all times, portfolio management
generally will not buy or sell a security unless the security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, and will not take any steps to invest defensively or otherwise reduce the risk of loss during market downturns.
Index-related risk. The fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Underlying Index as published by the index provider. There is no assurance that the Underlying Index provider will compile the Underlying Index accurately, or that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Market disruptions could cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index and, in turn, the fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing schedule. Generally, the index provider does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the Underlying Index or its related data, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in line with its stated methodology. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its stated methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. The Advisor and its affiliates do not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses or costs associated with the index provider’s errors will generally be borne by the fund and its shareholders.
Index-related risk may be higher for a fund that tracks an index comprised of, or an index that includes, foreign securities, and in particular emerging markets securities, because regulatory and reporting requirements may differ from those in the US, resulting in a heightened risk of errors in the index data, index computation and/or index construction due to unreliable, out-dated or unavailable information.
Liquidity risk. In certain situations, it may be difficult or impossible to sell an investment at an acceptable price. This risk can be ongoing for any security that does not trade actively or in large volumes, for any security that trades primarily on smaller markets, and for investments that typically trade only among a limited number of large investors (such as certain types of derivatives or restricted securities). In unusual market conditions, even normally liquid securities may be affected by a degree of liquidity risk. This may affect only certain securities or an overall securities market.
Although the fund primarily seeks to redeem shares of the fund on an in-kind basis, if the fund is forced to sell underlying investments at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions to meet redemption requests or other cash
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needs, the fund may suffer a loss. This may be magnified in circumstances where redemptions from the fund may be higher than normal.
Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses to the fund. This is especially true given the limited number of potential counterparties willing and able to enter into swap transactions on A-Shares. In addition, a swap transaction may be subject to the fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. Swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap agreement becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Pricing risk. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments (including China A-Shares), the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different from the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling fund shares.
Secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may prevent the fund from being able to realize full value and thus sell a security for its full valuation. This could cause a material decline in the fund’s net asset value.
Tracking error risk. The performance of the fund may diverge from that of its Underlying Index for a number of reasons, including operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows and operational inefficiencies. The fund’s return also may diverge from the return of the Underlying Index because the fund bears the costs and risks associated with buying and selling securities (especially when rebalancing the fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the Underlying Index) while such costs and risks are not factored into the return of the Underlying Index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the fund’s NAV to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an “Authorized Participant” (“AP”). Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Underlying Index. In addition, to the extent that portfolio management uses a representative sampling approach (investing in a
representative selection of securities included in the Underlying Index rather than all securities in the Underlying Index) it may cause the fund to not be as well correlated with the return of the Underlying Index as would be the case if the fund purchased all of the securities in the Underlying Index in the proportions represented in the Underlying Index. Errors in the Underlying Index data, the Underlying Index computations and/or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the fund and its shareholders. In addition, the fund may not be able to invest in certain securities included in the Underlying Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Underlying Index, due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, a lack of liquidity in the markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other reasons. To the extent the fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Underlying Index is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the Underlying Index is not based on fair value prices), the fund’s ability to track the Underlying Index may be adversely affected. The performance of the fund also may diverge from that of the Underlying Index if the Advisor and/or subadvisor seek to gain exposure to A-Shares by investing in securities not included in the Underlying Index, derivative instruments, and other pooled investment vehicles because the Stock Connect Daily Quota has been exhausted or the subadvisor is unable to maintain its QFI status. For tax efficiency purposes, the fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Underlying Index. In light of the factors discussed above, the fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Underlying Index.
Tracking error risk may be higher for funds that track indices with significant weight in foreign issuers, and in particular emerging markets issuers, than funds that do not track such indices.
For purposes of calculating the fund’s net asset value, the value of assets denominated in non-US currencies is converted into US dollars using prevailing market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more data service providers. This conversion may result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the fund’s net asset value and the prices used by the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Market price risk. Fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of shares will fluctuate, in some cases materially, in response to changes in the NAV and supply and demand for shares. As a result,
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the trading prices of shares may deviate significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. Differences between secondary market prices and the value of the fund’s holdings may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which may not be the same forces as those influencing prices for securities held by the fund at a particular time. The Advisor cannot predict whether shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Given the fact that shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units, the Advisor believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of shares should not be sustained in the long-term. In addition, there may be times when the market price and the value of the fund’s holdings vary significantly and you may pay more than the value of the fund’s holdings when buying shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than the value of the fund’s holdings when you sell those shares. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that shares normally will trade close to the value of the fund’s holdings, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, APs or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in trading prices that differ significantly from the value of the fund’s holdings. Although market makers will generally take advantage of differences between the NAV and the market price of fund shares through arbitrage opportunities, there is no guarantee that they will do so. If market makers. exit the business or are unable to continue making markets in fund’s shares, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market). The market price of shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that shares may trade at a discount to the fund’s NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your shares. There are various methods by which investors can purchase and sell shares of the funds and various orders that may be placed. Investors should consult their financial intermediary before purchasing or selling shares of a fund.
In addition, the securities held by a fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time than an exchange. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when an exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the shares’ NAV is likely to widen. More generally, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid-ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could cause a material decline in the fund’s NAV. The bid-ask spread varies over time for shares of a fund based on the fund’s
trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the fund has substantial trading volume and market liquidity, and higher if the fund has little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched or small in size). The fund’s bid-ask spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the fund, particularly for newly launched or smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities. The bid/ask spread of the Fund may be wider in comparison to the bid/ask spread of other ETFs, due to the Fund’s exposure to A-Shares. The fund’s investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the fund. Investors purchasing and selling shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those APs creating and redeeming shares directly with a fund. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material effect on the market price of the fund’s shares.
Valuation risk. Because non-US markets may be open on days when the fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.
Operational and technology risk. Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund, or other market participants may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the fund or impairing fund operations. For example, the fund’s or its service providers’ assets or sensitive or confidential information may be misappropriated, data may be corrupted and operations may be disrupted (e.g., cyber-attacks, operational failures or broader disruptions may cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential fund information, interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the fund’s net asset value and impede trading). Market events and disruptions also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the fund’s operations.
While the fund and its service providers may establish business continuity and other plans and processes that seek to address the possibility of and fallout from cyber-attacks, disruptions or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including that they do not apply to third parties, such as fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants, as well as the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that unknown threats may emerge in the future and there is no assurance that such plans and processes will be effective. Among other situations, disruptions (for example, pandemics or health crises)
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that cause prolonged periods of remote work or significant employee absences at the fund’s service providers could impact the ability to conduct the fund’s operations. In addition, the fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers, fund counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants.
Cyber-attacks may include unauthorized attempts by third parties to improperly access, modify, disrupt the operations of, or prevent access to the systems of the fund’s service providers or counterparties, issuers of securities held by the fund or other market participants or data within them. In addition, power or communications outages, acts of god, information technology equipment malfunctions, operational errors, and inaccuracies within software or data processing systems may also disrupt business operations or impact critical data.
Cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures may adversely affect the fund and its shareholders or cause reputational damage and subject the fund to regulatory fines, litigation costs, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures involving a fund counterparty could affect such counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations to the fund, which may result in losses to the fund and its shareholders. Similar types of operational and technology risks are also present for issuers of securities held by the fund, which could have material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the fund’s investments to lose value. Furthermore, as a result of cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities or the entire market, which may result in the fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or unable to accurately price its investments.
For example, the fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV. Therefore, the fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. The fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
Authorized Participant concentration risk. The fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. Only APs who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund (as described in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Buying and Selling Shares”). If those APs exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders, (including in situations where APs have limited or diminished access to capital required to post collateral)
and no other AP is able to step forward to create and redeem in either of these cases, shares may trade at a discount to NAV like closed-end fund shares and may even face delisting (that is, investors would no longer be able to trade shares in the secondary market).
Country concentration risk. To the extent that the fund invests significantly in a single country, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country. For example, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax or economic policy in a country could significantly affect the market in that country and in surrounding or related countries and have a negative impact on the fund’s performance.
Futures risk. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return and the potential loss from futures can exceed the fund’s initial investment in such contracts.
US tax risk. The fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. However, should the Chinese government impose restrictions on the fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with direct investments in A-Shares, the fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Internal Revenue Code. If the fund fails to satisfy the distribution requirements necessary to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, the fund would be treated as a corporation subject to US federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by the fund to tax at the corporate level. If the fund fails to satisfy a separate distribution requirement, it will be subject to a fund-level excise tax. These fund-level taxes will apply in addition to taxes payable at the shareholder level on distributions.
Tax risk. The fund’s exposure to China A-Shares investments through its Underlying Fund or Funds (i.e., primarily through the Underlying Fund) may be less tax efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. The fund will not be able to offset its taxable income and gains with losses incurred by an Underlying Fund, because the Underlying Fund is treated as a corporation for US federal income tax purposes. The fund’s sales of shares in an Underlying Fund, including those resulting from changes in the fund’s allocation of assets, could cause the recognition of additional taxable gains. A portion of any such gains may be
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short-term capital gains, which will be taxable as ordinary dividend income when distributed to the fund’s shareholders.
Further, certain losses recognized on sales of shares in an Underlying Fund may be deferred under the wash sale rules. Any loss realized by the fund on a disposition of shares in an Underlying Fund held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the fund of net long- term capital gain with respect to the Underlying Fund’s shares (including any amounts credited to the fund as undistributed capital gains). Short-term capital gains earned by an Underlying Fund will be treated as ordinary dividends when distributed to a fund and therefore may not be offset by any short-term capital losses incurred by the fund. The fund’s short-term capital losses might instead offset long-term capital gains realized by the fund, which would otherwise be eligible for reduced US federal income tax rates when distributed to individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders. If the Chinese government imposes restrictions on an Underlying Fund’s ability to repatriate funds associated with investment in A-Shares, the Underlying Fund could fail to qualify for US federal income tax treatment as a regulated investment company. Under those circumstances, an Underlying Fund would be subject to tax as a regular corporation, and the fund would not be able to treat non-US income taxes paid by the Underlying Fund as paid by the fund’s shareholders.
Uncertainties in the Chinese tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in A-Shares could result in unexpected tax liabilities for an Underlying Fund. China generally imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on dividends and interest derived by nonresident enterprises (including QFIs) from issuers resident in China. China also imposes withholding tax at a rate of 10% on capital gains derived by nonresident enterprises from investments in an issuer resident in China, subject to an exemption or reduction pursuant to domestic law or a double taxation agreement or arrangement.
Effective November 17, 2014, the corporate income tax for QFIs, with respect to capital gains, has been temporarily lifted. The withholding tax relating to the realized gains from shares in land-rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 has been paid by the Xtrackers Harvest ETFs, while realized gains from shares in non-land- rich companies prior to November 17, 2014 were granted by treaty relief pursuant to the PRC-US Double Taxation Agreement. During 2015, revenue authorities in the PRC made arrangements for the collection of capital gains taxes for investments realized between November 17, 2009 and November 16, 2014. An underlying fund could be subject to tax liability for any tax payments for which reserves have not been made or that were not previously withheld. The impact of any such tax liability on an Underlying Fund’s return could be substantial. An Underlying Fund may also be liable to the subadvisor for any tax that is imposed on
the subadvisor by the PRC with respect to the Underlying Fund’s investments. If an Underlying Fund’s direct investments in A-Shares through the subadvisor’s QFI status become subject to repatriation restrictions, the Underlying Fund may be unable to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs under the Internal Revenue Code, and be subject to tax at the fund level. In the event such restrictions are imposed, a fund may borrow money to the extent necessary to distribute to shareholders income sufficient to maintain the fund’s status as a RIC.
The current PRC tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may be revised or amended in the future, potentially retroactively, including with respect to the possible liability of the fund for obligations of a QFI, such as HGI or in the future, the Advisor. The withholding taxes on dividends, interest and capital gains may in principle be subject to a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty, but the application of such treaties in the case of a QFI acting for a foreign investor is also uncertain. Finally, it is whether an RQFII would also be eligible for PRC BT exemption, which has been granted to QFIIs, with respect to gains derived prior to May 1, 2016. In practice, the BT has not been collected. However, the imposition of such taxes on an Underlying Fund could have a material adverse effect on a fund’s returns. Under the value-added tax regime, BT exemption granted to QFIIs with respect to gains realized from the trading of PRC marketable securities has been grandfathered (i.e., QFIIs continue to enjoy exemption on gains under the value-added tax regime). Since May 1, 2016, RQFIIs are exempt from PRC value-added tax, which replaced the BT with respect to gains realized from the disposal of securities, including A-Shares.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving and certain of the tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to an Underlying Fund and their shareholders.
If the PRC begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investments to QFIs and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments, an Underlying Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability in excess of the amount reserved. The impact of any such tax liability on the fund’s return could be substantial. An Underlying Fund will be liable to HGI for any Chinese tax that is imposed on HGI with respect to the Underlying Fund’s investments.
Investments in swaps and other derivatives may be subject to special US federal income tax rules that could adversely affect the character, timing and amount of income earned by the fund (e.g., by causing amounts that would be capital gain to be taxed as ordinary income or to be taken into income earlier than would otherwise be necessary). Also, the fund may be required to periodically adjust its positions in its swaps and derivatives to comply with certain regulatory requirements which may further
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cause these investments to be less efficient than a direct investment in A-Shares. For example, swaps in which the fund may invest may need to be reset on a regular basis in order to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, which may increase the likelihood that the fund will generate short- term capital gains. In addition, because the application of special tax rules to the fund and its investments may be uncertain, it is possible that the manner in which they are applied by the fund may be determined to be incorrect. In that event, the fund may be found to have failed to maintain its qualification as a RIC or to be subject to additional US tax liability. The fund may make investments, both directly and through swaps or other derivative positions, in companies classified as controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) or passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) for US federal income tax purposes. Investments in CFCs and PFICs are subject to special tax rules which may result in adverse tax consequences to the fund and its shareholders.
The sale or other transfer by the Advisor of A-Shares or B-Shares will be subject to PRC Stamp Duty at a rate of 0.1% on the transacted value. The Advisor will not be subject to PRC Stamp Duty when it acquires A-Shares or B-Shares.
To the extent the fund invests in swaps linked to A-Shares, such investments may be less tax-efficient for US tax purposes than a direct investment in A-Shares. Any tax liability incurred by the swap counterparty may be passed on to the fund. When the fund sells a swap on A-Shares, the sale price may take into account of the QFI’s tax liability imposed under Chinese law.
Medium-sized company risk. Medium-sized company stocks tend to be more volatile than large company stocks. Because stock analysts are less likely to follow medium-sized companies, less information about them is available to investors. Industry-wide reversals may have a greater impact on medium-sized companies, since they lack the financial resources of larger companies. Medium-sized company stocks are typically less liquid than large company stocks.
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk that the fund may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The fund could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of the collateral provided for the loaned securities, or a decline in the value of any investments made with cash collateral or even a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially while holding the securities.
Leveraging Risk. The fund’s investment in futures contracts and other derivative instruments provide leveraged exposure. The fund’s investment in these instruments generally requires a small investment relative to the amount of investment exposure assumed. As a result, such investments may give rise to losses that exceed the amount invested in those instruments. The use
of derivatives and other similar financial instruments may at times be an integral part of the fund’s investment strategy and may expose the fund to potentially dramatic losses (or gains) in the value of a derivative or other financial instruments and, thus, in the value the fund’s portfolio. The cost of investing in such instruments generally increases as interest rates increase, which will lower a fund’s return.
Other Policies and Risks
While the previous pages describe the main points of each fund’s strategy and risks, there are a few other matters to know about:
Each of the policies described herein, including the investment objective and 80% investment policy of each fund, constitutes a non-fundamental policy that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Each fund’s 80% investment policy require 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders before they can be changed. Certain fundamental policies of each fund which can only be changed with shareholder approval are set forth in the SAI.
Because each fund seeks to track its Underlying Index, no fund invests defensively and each fund will not invest in money market instruments or other short-term investments as part of a temporary defensive strategy to protect against potential market declines.
Each fund may borrow money up to 33 1/3%of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks as permitted by the 1940 Act. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF, Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF may borrow money under a credit facility to the extent necessary for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests, trade settlements, and as necessary to distribute to shareholders any income necessary to maintain a fund’s status as a regulated investment company (“RIC”).
From time to time a third party, the Advisor and/or its affiliates may invest in a fund and hold its investment for a specific period of time in order for a fund to achieve size or scale. There can be no assurance that any such entity would not redeem its investment or that the size of a fund would be maintained at such levels. In order to comply with applicable law, it is possible that the Advisor or its affiliates, to the extent they are invested in a fund, may be required to redeem some or all of their ownership interests in a fund prematurely or at an inopportune time.
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Secondary market trading in fund shares may be halted by a stock exchange because of market conditions or other reasons. In addition, trading in fund shares on a stock exchange or in any market may be subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to “circuit breaker” rules on the exchange or market. If a trading halt or unanticipated early closing of a stock exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell shares of each fund. There can be no assurance that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing or trading of fund shares will continue to be met or will remain unchanged or that shares will trade with any volume, or at all, in any secondary market. As with all other exchange traded securities, shares may be sold short and may experience increased volatility and price decreases associated with such trading activity.
From time to time, a fund may have a concentration of shareholder accounts holding a significant percentage of shares outstanding. Investment activities of these shareholders could have a material impact on a fund. For example, a fund may be used as an underlying investment for other registered investment companies.
Portfolio Holdings Information
A description of DBX ETF Trust’s (“Trust”) policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each fund’s portfolio securities is available in each fund’s SAI. The top holdings of each fund can be found at Xtrackers.com. Fund fact sheets provide information regarding each fund’s top holdings and may be requested by calling 1-855-329-3837 (1-855-DBX-ETFS).
Who Manages and Oversees the Funds
The Investment Advisor
DBX Advisors LLC (“Advisor”), with headquarters at 875 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022, is the investment advisor for the fund. Under the oversight of the Board, the Advisor (or a subadvisor, if applicable, under the oversight of the Advisor) makes the investment decisions, buys and sells securities for the fund and conducts research that leads to these purchase and sale decisions.
The Advisor is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA (“DWS Group”), a separate, publicly-listed financial services firm that is an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG. Founded in 2010, the Advisor managed approximately $22.9 billion in 35 operational exchange-traded funds, as of August 31, 2021.
DWS represents the asset management activities conducted by DWS Group or any of its subsidiaries, including the Advisor and other affiliated investment advisors.
DWS is a global organization that offers a wide range of investing expertise and resources, including hundreds of portfolio managers and analysts and an office network that
reaches the world’s major investment centers. This well- resourced global investment platform brings together a wide variety of experience and investment insight across industries, regions, asset classes and investing styles.
The Advisor may utilize the resources of its global investment platform to provide investment management services through branch offices or affiliates located outside the US. In some cases, the Advisor may also utilize its branch offices or affiliates located in the US or outside the US to perform certain services, such as trade execution, trade matching and settlement, or various administrative, back-office or other services. To the extent services are performed outside the US, such activity may be subject to both US and foreign regulation. It is possible that the jurisdiction in which the Advisor or its affiliate performs such services may impose restrictions or limitations on portfolio transactions that are different from, and in addition to, those in the US.
Subadvisor for Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
Harvest Global Investments Limited (“HGI”), the subadvisor for Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF, is located at 31/F One Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong.
HGI is a SEC registered investment advisor and serves as the investment subadvisor for the funds and, subject to the supervision of the Advisor and the Trust’s Board, is responsible for the investment management of the funds.
Management Fee. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is responsible for substantially all expenses of each fund, including the payments to the subadvisor (as applicable), the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, compensation paid to the Independent Board Members, legal, audit and other services, except for the fee payments to the Advisor under the Investment Advisory Agreement (also known as a “unitary advisory fee”), interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, brokerage expenses, distribution fees or expenses (if any), litigation expenses and other extraordinary expenses.
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For its services to each fund, during the most recent fiscal year, the Advisor received aggregate unitary advisory fees at the following annual rates as a percentage of each fund’s average daily net assets.
Fund Name
Fee Paid
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
300 China A-Shares ETF
0.65%
Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclu-
sion Equity ETF
0.60%
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
500 China A-Shares Small Cap
ETF
0.65%
Xtrackers MSCI All China
Equity ETF
*0.25%
*
Reflecting the effect of expense limitations and/or fee waivers then in effect.
For Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF, to the extent the fund invests in the shares of an affiliated fund, the Advisor has contractually agreed, until November 14, 2024, to waive fees and/or reimburse the fund’s expenses to limit the fund’s current operating expenses (except for interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses and other extraordinary expenses) by an amount equal to the acquired fund’s fees and expenses attributable to the fund’s investments in the affiliated funds. In addition, the Advisor has contractually agreed until September 30, 2022, to waive a portion of its management fees to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses (except for interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses and other extraordinary expenses) of the fund from exceeding 0.50% of the fund’s average daily net assets. These agreements may only be terminated by the fund’s Board (and may not be terminated by the Advisor) prior to that time.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board's approval of each fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement is contained in the most recent annual report for the annual period ended May 31. For information on how to obtain shareholder reports, see the back cover.
Multi-Manager Structure. The Advisor and the Trust may rely on an exemptive order (the “Order”) from the SEC that permits the Advisor to enter into investment sub-advisory agreements with unaffiliated and affiliated subadvisors without obtaining shareholder approval. The Advisor, subject to the review and approval of the Board, selects subadvisors for each fund and supervises, monitors and evaluates the performance of the subadvisor.
The Order also permits the Advisor, subject to the approval of the Board, to replace subadvisors and amend investment subadvisory agreements, including fees, without shareholder approval whenever the Advisor and the Board believe such action will benefit a fund and its shareholders. The Advisor thus has the ultimate responsibility
(subject to the ultimate oversight of the Board) to recommend the hiring and replacement of subadvisors as well as the discretion to terminate any subadvisor and reallocate a fund’s assets for management among any other subadvisor(s) and itself. This means that the Advisor is able to reduce the subadvisory fees and retain a larger portion of the management fee, or increase the subadvisory fees and retain a smaller portion of the management fee. Pursuant to the Order, the Advisor is not required to disclose its contractual fee arrangements with any subadvisor. The Advisor compensates a subadvisor out of its management fee.
Management
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF
The following Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund. The Portfolio Managers are responsible for various functions related to portfolio management, including, but not limited to, investing cash inflows, coordinating with members of their team to focus on certain asset classes, implementing the investment strategy, researching and reviewing the investment strategy, and overseeing members of their portfolio management team with more limited responsibilities.
Kevin Sung, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Joined HGI in 2018, with eight years of financial industry experience. Prior to joining HGI, he was a portfolio manager in DWS and Creditease. Prior to that, he worked in Value Partners Limited (Hong Kong) to develop quantitative strategy and managed ETF and quantitative portfolios.
MSc in Financial Mathematics and Statistics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; MPhil and BSc in Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
CFA Charterholder and FRM holder.
Tom Chan, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Joined HGI in 2018, with five years of financial industry experience, including ETF portfolio management and quantitative strategies development. Prior to joining HGI, he was a Senior Analyst in Value Partners and Analyst in Conning Asia Pacific.
BS in Quantitative Finance and Risk Management Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
CFA Charterholder.
Hubert Shek, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2020.
Joined HGI in 2020. Prior to joining HGI, he worked in an operations and risk role at Prudence Investment Management.
MSc in Risk Management and Financial Engineering, Imperial College Business School; BSc in Mechanical Engineering, the University of Southern California.
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Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF
The following Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund. Each Portfolio Manager functions as a member of a portfolio management team.
Bryan Richards, CFA, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Head of Portfolio Engineering, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2015.
Joined DWS in 2011 with 11 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, he worked in ETF management at XShares Advisors, an ETF issuer based in New York, and before that he served as an equity analyst for Fairhaven Capital LLC, a long/short equity fund.
Head of Passive Portfolio Management, Americas: New York.
BS in Finance, Boston College.
Patrick Dwyer, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Senior Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2016.
Joined DWS in 2016 with 16 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, he was the head of Northern Trust’s Equity Index, ETF, and Overlay portfolio management team in Chicago, managing portfolios for North American based clients. His time at Northern Trust included working in New York, Chicago, and in Hong Kong building a portfolio management desk. Prior to joining Northern Trust in 2003, he participated in the Deutsche Asset Management graduate training program. He rotated through the domestic fixed income and US structured equity fund management groups.
Lead Equity Portfolio Manager, US Passive Equities: New York.
BS in Finance, Rutgers University.
Shlomo Bassous, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2017.
Joined DWS in 2017 with 13 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, Mr. Bassous worked at Northern Trust where he filled a variety of operational functions supporting portfolio management. In 2010 he began managing equity portfolios on behalf of institutional clients across a variety of global benchmarks. Before joining Northern Trust in 2007, he worked at The Bank of New York Mellon and Morgan Stanley in a variety of roles supporting equity trading and portfolio management.
Equity Portfolio Manager, US Passive Equities: New York.
BS in Finance, Yeshiva University.
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
The following Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund. The Portfolio Managers are responsible for various functions related to portfolio management, including, but not limited to, investing cash inflows, coordinating with members of their team to focus on certain asset classes, implementing the investment strategy, researching and reviewing the investment strategy, and overseeing members of their portfolio management team with more limited responsibilities.
Kevin Sung, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Joined HGI in 2018, with eight years of financial industry experience. Prior to joining HGI, he was a portfolio manager in DWS and Creditease. Prior to that, he worked in Value Partners Limited (Hong Kong) to develop quantitative strategy and managed ETF and quantitative portfolios.
MSc in Financial Mathematics and Statistics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; MPhil and BSc in Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
CFA Charterholder and FRM holder.
Tom Chan, CFA, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2018.
Joined HGI in 2018, with five years of financial industry experience, including ETF portfolio management and quantitative strategies development. Prior to joining HGI, he was a Senior Analyst in Value Partners and Analyst in Conning Asia Pacific.
BS in Quantitative Finance and Risk Management Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
CFA Charterholder.
Hubert Shek, employee of HGI. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2020.
Joined HGI in 2020. Prior to joining HGI, he worked in an operations and risk role at Prudence Investment Management.
MSc in Risk Management and Financial Engineering, Imperial College Business School; BSc in Mechanical Engineering, the University of Southern California.
Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF
The following Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund. Each Portfolio Manager functions as a member of a portfolio management team.
Bryan Richards, CFA, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Head of Portfolio Engineering, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2014.
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Fund Details

Joined DWS in 2011 with 11 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, he worked in ETF management at XShares Advisors, an ETF issuer based in New York, and before that he served as an equity analyst for Fairhaven Capital LLC, a long/short equity fund.
Head of Passive Portfolio Management, Americas: New York.
BS in Finance, Boston College.
Patrick Dwyer, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Senior Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2016.
Joined DWS in 2016 with 16 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, he was the head of Northern Trust’s Equity Index, ETF, and Overlay portfolio management team in Chicago, managing portfolios for North American based clients. His time at Northern Trust included working in New York, Chicago, and in Hong Kong building a portfolio management desk. Prior to joining Northern Trust in 2003, he participated in the Deutsche Asset Management graduate training program. He rotated through the domestic fixed income and US structured equity fund management groups.
Lead Equity Portfolio Manager, US Passive Equities: New York.
BS in Finance, Rutgers University.
Shlomo Bassous, Vice President of DBX Advisors LLC and Portfolio Engineer, Systematic Investment Solutions, of DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. Portfolio Manager of the fund. Began managing the fund in 2017.
Joined DWS in 2017 with 13 years of industry experience. Prior to joining DWS, Mr. Bassous worked at Northern Trust where he filled a variety of operational functions supporting portfolio management. In 2010 he began managing equity portfolios on behalf of institutional clients across a variety of global benchmarks. Before joining Northern Trust in 2007, he worked at The Bank of New York Mellon and Morgan Stanley in a variety of roles supporting equity trading and portfolio management.
Equity Portfolio Manager, US Passive Equities: New York.
BS in Finance, Yeshiva University.
Each fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about a portfolio manager’s investments in each fund, a description of the portfolio management compensation structure and information regarding other accounts managed.
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Investing in the Funds
Additional shareholder information, including how to buy and sell shares of a fund, is available free of charge by calling toll-free: 1-855-329-3837 (1-855-DBX-ETFS) or visiting our website at Xtrackers.com.
Buying and Selling Shares
Shares of a fund are listed for trading on a national securities exchange during the trading day. Shares can be bought and sold throughout the trading day at market prices like shares of other publicly-traded companies. The Trust does not impose any minimum investment for shares of a fund purchased on an exchange. Buying or selling fund shares involves two types of costs that may apply to all securities transactions. When buying or selling shares of a fund through a broker, you will likely incur a brokerage commission or other charges determined by your broker. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread” – that is, any difference between the bid price and the ask price. The commission is frequently a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell small amounts of shares. The spread varies over time for shares of a fund based on its trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if a fund has a lot of trading volume and market liquidity and higher if a fund has little trading volume and market liquidity.
Shares of a fund may be acquired or redeemed directly from a fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof, as discussed in the section of this Prospectus entitled “Creations and Redemptions.” Only an AP may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with a fund. Once created, shares of a fund generally trade in the secondary market in amounts less than a Creation Unit.
The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by a fund’s shareholders. The Board noted that shares of a fund can only be purchased and redeemed directly from the fund in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in a fund’s shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not involve a fund directly, it is unlikely those trades would cause many of the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in a fund’s trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with a fund, to the extent effected
in-kind (i.e., for securities), such trades do not cause any of the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that such trades could result in dilution to a fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact a fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. However, the Board noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that a fund’s shares trade at or close to NAV. In addition, a fund imposes both fixed and variable transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of fund shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by a fund in effecting trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that a fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. Given this structure, the Board determined that with respect to a fund it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of a fund’s shares.
Investments in a fund by other registered investment companies are subject to certain limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Until January 19, 2022, such registered investment companies may invest in a fund (other than Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF) beyond the applicable limitations imposed by the 1940 Act pursuant to the terms and conditions of an SEC exemptive order issued to the Trust, which includes a requirement that such registered investment companies enter into an agreement with the Trust. Effective January 19, 2022, the Trust's SEC exemptive order will be rescinded by SEC action and an investment in a fund (other than Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF) by a registered investment company beyond the applicable limitations imposed by the 1940 Act must comply with the requirements of a new rule enacted by the SEC, Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act.
Investments by other registered investment companies in Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF may not exceed the applicable limitations imposed by the 1940 Act as that fund operates as a “fund-of-funds” by investing in the Xtrackers China A-Shares ETFs.
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Shares of a fund trade on the exchange and under the ticker symbol as shown in the table below.
Fund name
Ticker Symbol
Stock Exchange
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
300 China A-Shares
ETF
ASHR
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Xtrackers MSCI China
A Inclusion Equity ETF
ASHX
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
500 China A-Shares
Small Cap ETF
ASHS
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Xtrackers MSCI All
China Equity ETF
CN
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Book Entry
Shares of a fund are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding shares of a fund and is recognized as the owner of all shares for all purposes.
Investors owning shares of a fund are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for shares of a fund. DTC participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” form.
Share Prices
The trading prices of a fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from a fund’s daily NAV per share and are affected by market forces such as supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of a fund, also known as the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which a fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IOPV is based on the current market value of the securities and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit. The IOPV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by a fund at a particular point in time nor the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IOPV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV, which is computed only once a day. The IOPV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained
from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by a fund. The quotations of certain fund holdings may not be updated during US trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the US. Each fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IOPV and makes no representation or warranty as to its accuracy.
Determination of Net Asset Value
The NAV of each fund is generally determined once daily Monday through Friday as of the regularly scheduled close of business of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on each day that the NYSE is open for trading. NAV is calculated by deducting all of the fund’s liabilities from the total value of its assets and dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding, rounding to the nearest cent. All valuations are subject to review by the Trust’s Board or its delegate. In determining NAV, expenses are accrued and applied daily and securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued at market value.
The value of each fund’s portfolio securities is based on the securities’ closing price on local markets when available. In determining NAV, expenses are accrued and applied daily and securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued at market value. Equity investments are valued at market value, which is generally determined using the last reported official closing or last trading price on the exchange or market on which the security is primarily traded at the time of valuation. Debt securities’ values are based on price quotations or other equivalent indications of value provided by a third-party pricing service. Any such third-party pricing service may use a variety of methodologies to value some or all of a fund’s debt securities to determine the market price. For example, the prices of securities with characteristics similar to those held by a fund may be used to assist with the pricing process. In addition, the pricing service may use proprietary pricing models. In certain cases, some of a fund’s debt securities may be valued at the mean between the last available bid and ask prices for such securities or, if such prices are not available, at prices for securities of comparable maturity, quality, and type. Short-term securities for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. Money market securities maturing in 60 days or less will be valued at amortized cost. The approximate value of shares of the applicable fund, an amount representing on a per share basis the sum of the current value of the deposit securities based on their then current market price and the estimated cash component will be disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association. With respect to Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF and Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF, foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the fund’s non-U.S. securities are generally determined as of 4:00 p.m., London
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time. With respect to Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF, foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the fund's non-U.S. securities are generally determined as of 4:00 p.m., New York time. As the respective international local markets close, the market value of the portfolio securities will continue to be updated for foreign exchange rates for the remainder of the U.S. trading day at the prescribed 15 second intervals. Generally, trading in non-U.S. securities, U.S. government securities, money market instruments and certain fixed-income securities is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of business on the NYSE. The values of such securities used in computing the NAV of each fund are determined as of such earlier times. The value of each Underlying Index will not be calculated and disseminated intra-day. The value and return of each Underlying Index is calculated once each trading day by the Index Provider based on prices received from the respective international local markets. In addition, the value of assets or liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies will be converted into U.S. dollars using prevailing market rates on the date of the valuation as quoted by one or more data service providers. Use of a rate different from the rate used by the Index Provider may adversely affect a fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index.
If a security’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately reflect the fair value of the security, the security will be valued by another method that the Adviser believes will better reflect fair value in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board. Each fund may use fair value pricing in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to, situations when the value of a security in a fund’s portfolio has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security is principally traded (such as a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of a security) or trading in a security has been suspended or halted. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a security is materially different from the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. In addition, fair value pricing could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a fund’s NAV and the prices used by the fund’s Underlying Index. This may adversely affect a fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index. With respect to securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges, the value of a fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or sell your shares.
Creations and Redemptions
Prior to trading in the secondary market, shares of the funds are “created” at NAV by market makers, large investors and institutions only in block-size Creation Units of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”). The size of a Creation Unit will be subject to change. Each
creator” or AP (which must be a DTC participant) enters into an authorized participant agreement (“Authorized Participant Agreement”) with the fund’s distributor, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”), subject to acceptance by the Transfer Agent. Only an AP may create or redeem Creation Units. With respect to Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF, Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF and Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF, Creation Units generally are issued and redeemed in exchange for a specified amount of cash totaling the NAV of the Creation Units. With respect to Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF, Creation Units are principally issued and redeemed in exchange for a specific basket of securities approximating the holdings of the applicable fund and a designated amount of cash. Creation Units may also be issued and redeemed in exchange for a specified amount of cash totaling the NAV of the Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable by the fund. The prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next calculation of NAV after an order is received in a form described in the Authorized Participant Agreement.
Additional information about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units (including the cut-off times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is included in the SAI.
Each fund intends to comply with the US federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposits and satisfying redemptions with redemption securities, including that the securities accepted for deposits and the securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”). Further, an AP that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive fund securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.
Authorized Participants and the Continuous Offering of Shares
Because new shares may be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of a fund a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may be occurring. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. Any determination of whether one is an underwriter must take into account all the relevant facts and circumstances of each particular case.
Broker-dealers should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary transactions), and thus dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold
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Investing in the Funds

allotment”within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the 1933 Act is available only with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange.
Certain affiliates of a fund and the Advisor may purchase and resell fund shares pursuant to this Prospectus.
Transaction Fees
APs are charged standard creation and redemption transaction fees to offset transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units. Purchasers and redeemers of Creation Units for cash are required to pay an additional variable charge (up to a maximum of 2% for redemptions, including the standard redemption fee) to compensate for brokerage and market impact expenses. The standard creation and redemption transaction fee for each fund is set forth in the table below. The maximum redemption fee, as a percentage of the amount redeemed, is 2%.
Fund Name
Fee Paid
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
300 China A-Shares ETF
$4,200
Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclu-
sion Equity ETF
$3,200
Xtrackers Harvest CSI
500 China A-Shares Small Cap
ETF
$4,750
Xtrackers MSCI All China
Equity ETF
$2,800
Dividends and Distributions
General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are generally declared and paid at least annually by each fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Trust may make distributions on a more frequent basis for a fund. The Trust reserves the right to declare special distributions if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve a fund’s status as a RIC or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income or realized gains.
Dividends and other distributions on shares of a fund are distributed on a pro rata basis to beneficial owners of such shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners as of the record date with proceeds received from a fund.
Dividend Reinvestment Service. No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of a fund for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation
therein. Brokers may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of a fund purchased in the secondary market.
Taxes
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in shares of a fund will be taxed. The US federal income tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in shares of a fund.
Unless your investment in fund shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged retirement account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a fund makes distributions or you sell fund shares.
US Federal Income Tax on Distributions
Distributions from a fund’s net investment income (other than qualified dividend income), including distributions of income from securities lending and distributions out of the fund’s net short-term capital gains, if any, are taxable to you as ordinary income for US federal income tax purposes. Distributions by a fund of net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses (capital gain dividends) are taxable for US federal income tax purposes to non-corporate shareholders as long-term capital gains, which are subject to reduced maximum tax rates, regardless of how long the shareholders have held the fund’s shares. Distributions by a fund that qualify as qualified dividend income are taxable to non-corporate shareholders at long-term capital gain rates. The maximum individual US federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” and long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. As discussed below, an additional 3.8% Medicare tax may also apply to certain non-corporate shareholder’s distributions from a fund.
If certain holding period requirements are met, qualified dividend income received by a fund may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income when distributed to non-corporate shareholders. Generally, qualified dividend income includes dividend income from taxable US corporations and qualified non-US corporations, provided that the fund satisfies certain holding period requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations and has not hedged its position in the stock in certain ways. For this purpose, a qualified non-US corporation means any non-US corporation that is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States which includes an exchange of information program or if the stock with respect to which the dividend was paid is readily tradable on an established United States security
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market. The PRC has such a treaty with the US. Dividends from passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) are not qualified dividend income.
In general, your distributions are subject to US federal income tax for the year when they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year.
Distributions in excess of a fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated for US federal income tax purposes as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in his, her or its shares of the fund, and generally as a capital gain thereafter. Because a return of capital distribution will reduce the shareholder’s cost basis in his, her or its shares, a return of capital distribution may result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.
If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a non-US entity, a fund’s ordinary income dividends (which include distributions of net short-term capital gains) will generally be subject to a 30% US withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies or unless such income is effectively connected with a US trade or business, provided that withholding tax will generally not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-US shareholder in respect of any distributions of long-term capital gains or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the fund.
As noted above, investment income earned by a fund may be subject to non-US taxes; in particular, taxes imposed by China. If, as is expected, more than 50% of the total assets of the fund at the close of a year consist of non-US stocks or securities, the fund may elect, for US federal income tax purposes, to treat certain non-US income taxes (including withholding taxes) paid (or deemed paid) by the fund as paid by its shareholders. This means that you would be considered to have received as additional gross income (potentially subject to US withholding tax for non-US shareholders) your share of such non-US taxes, but you may, in such case, be entitled to either a tax deduction or a credit in calculating your US federal income tax, subject in both cases to certain limitations.
If a fund holds shares in PFICs, it may be subject to US federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. A fund may be eligible to elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, in which case, the fund would generally be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the fund, and such amounts would be subject to the distribution requirements for qualifying as a RIC and avoiding US federal
income and excise tax as described in the SAI. In order to make this election, the fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Alternatively, a fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the fund would report any gains resulting from such deemed sales as ordinary income and would deduct any losses resulting from such deemed sales as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains.
A fund’s exposure to securities through an underlying fund (i.e., the Underlying Funds) may be less tax efficient than a direct investment in securities. The fund will not be able to offset its taxable income and gains with losses incurred by the underlying fund because the underlying fund(s) are treated as corporations for US federal income tax purposes. The fund’s sales of shares of an underlying fund, including those resulting from changes in the fund’s allocation of assets, could cause the recognition of additional taxable gains. A portion of any such gains may be short-term capital gains, which will be taxable as ordinary dividend income when distributed to the fund’s shareholders. Further, certain losses recognized on sales of shares of the underlying fund may be deferred indefinitely under the wash sale rules. Short-term capital gains earned by the underlying fund will be treated as ordinary dividends when distributed to the fund and therefore may not be offset by any short-term capital losses incurred by the fund. The fund’s short-term capital losses might instead offset long-term capital gains realized by the fund, which would otherwise be eligible for reduced US federal income tax rates when distributed to individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders.
If you are a resident or a citizen of the United States, by law, back-up withholding (currently at a rate of 24%) will apply to your distributions and proceeds if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social security number and made other required certifications or if you are otherwise subject to back-up withholding.
US Federal Income Tax when Shares are Sold
Currently, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of fund shares is generally treated as a long-term gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of fund shares held for one year or less is generally treated as short-term gain or loss, except that any capital loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid with respect to such shares. Your ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.
Medicare Tax
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a fund and net
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gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of fund shares) of US individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the consequences under current US federal income tax law of an investment in a fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You may also be subject to state, local and foreign taxation on fund distributions and sales of shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in shares of a fund under all applicable tax laws.
Distribution
The Distributor distributes Creation Units for each fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in shares of a fund. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of a fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by a fund. The Distributor’s principal address is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.
The Advisor and/or its affiliates may pay additional compensation, out of their own assets and not as an additional charge to a fund, to selected affiliated and unaffiliated brokers, dealers, participating insurance companies or other financial intermediaries (“financial representatives”) in connection with the sale and/or distribution of fund shares or the retention and/or servicing of fund investors and fund shares (“revenue sharing”). For example, the Advisor and/or its affiliates may compensate financial representatives for providing a fund with “shelf space” or access to a third party platform or fund offering list or other marketing programs, including, without limitation, inclusion of a fund on preferred or recommended sales lists, fund “supermarket” platforms and other formal sales programs; granting the Advisor and/ or its affiliates access to the financial representative’s sales force; granting the Advisor and/or its affiliates access to the financial representative’s conferences and meetings; assistance in training and educating the financial representative’s personnel; and obtaining other forms of marketing support.
The level of revenue sharing payments made to financial representatives may be a fixed fee or based upon one or more of the following factors: gross sales, current assets and/or number of accounts of a fund attributable to the financial representative, the particular fund or fund type or other measures as agreed to by the Advisor and/or its affiliates and the financial representatives or any combination thereof. The amount of these revenue sharing payments is determined at the discretion of the Advisor and/or its affiliates from time to time, may be substantial, and may be different for different financial representatives based on, for example, the nature of the services provided by the financial representative.
Receipt of, or the prospect of receiving, additional compensation may influence your financial representative’s recommendation of a fund. You should review your financial representative’s compensation disclosure and/or talk to your financial representative to obtain more information on how this compensation may have influenced your financial representative’s recommendation of the fund. Additional information regarding these revenue sharing payments is included in a fund’s Statement of Additional Information, which is available to you on request at no charge (see the back cover of this Prospectus for more information on how to request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information).
It is possible that broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for a fund will also sell shares of a fund to their customers. However, the Advisor will not consider the sale of fund shares as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for a fund. Accordingly, the Advisor has implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent its traders from considering sales of fund shares as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for a fund. In addition, the Advisor and/or its affiliates will not use fund brokerage to pay for their obligation to provide additional compensation to financial representatives as described above.
Premium/Discount Information
Information regarding how often shares of each fund traded on NYSE Arca at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of each fund during the past calendar year can be found at Xtrackers.com.
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Investing in the Funds

Financial Highlights
The financial highlights are designed to help you understand recent financial performance. The figures in the first part of each table are for a single share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor in a fund would have earned (or lost), assuming all dividends and distributions were reinvested. This information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with each fund’s financial statements, is included in each fund’s Annual Report (see “For More Information” on the back cover).
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
Selected Per Share Data
Net Asset Value, beginning of year
$27.18
$26.27
$29.56
$25.84
$23.74
Income (loss) from investment operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income (loss)a
0.30
0.29
0.22
0.25
0.30
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
14.67
0.91b
(3.22)
3.73
1.97
Total from investment operations
14.97
1.20
(3.00)
3.98
2.27
Less distributions from:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
(0.32)
(0.29)
(0.26)
(0.17)
Net realized gains
(0.29)
Total distributions
(0.32)
(0.29)
(0.29)
(0.26)
(0.17)
Net Asset Value, end of year
$41.83
$27.18
$26.27
$29.56
$25.84
Total Return (%)
55.20
4.50
(10.02)
15.38
9.62
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data
Net Assets, end of year ($ millions)
2,715
1,271
1,449
686
367
Ratio of expenses (%)
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.67
Ratio of net investment income (loss) (%)
0.79
1.05
0.87
0.82
1.24
Portfolio turnover rate (%)c
78
115
81
65
68
a
Based on average shares outstanding during the period.
b
Because of the timing of subscriptions and redemptions in relation to fluctuating markets at value, the amount shown may not agree with the change in aggregate gains and losses.
c
Portfolio turnover rate does not include securities received or delivered from processing creations or redemptions.
Prospectus October 1, 2021 136 Financial Highlights

Xtrackers MSCI China A Inclusion Equity ETF
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
Selected Per Share Data
Net Asset Value, beginning of year
$19.98
$18.75
$20.80
$19.53
$21.86
Income (loss) from investment operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income (loss)a
0.20
0.41
0.15
0.52
0.29
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
11.44
1.19
(2.03)
1.30
1.05
Total from investment operations
11.64
1.60
(1.88)
1.82
1.34
Less distributions from:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
(0.24)
(0.37)
(0.17)
(0.55)
(2.82)
Net realized gains
(0.85)
Total distributions
(0.24)
(0.37)
(0.17)
(0.55)
(3.67)
Net Asset Value, end of year
$31.38
$19.98
$18.75
$20.80
$19.53
Total Return (%)b
58.37
8.49
(8.91)
9.12
6.42e
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data
Net Assets, end of year ($ millions)
16
14
83
2
3
Ratio of expenses before fee waiver (%)c
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.70
0.72
Ratio of expenses after fee waiver (%)c
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.05
0.05
Ratio of net investment income (loss) (%)
0.74
2.03
0.75
2.38
1.41
Portfolio turnover rate (%)d
33
27
180
3
6
a
Based on average shares outstanding during the period.
b
Total Return would have been lower if certain expenses had not been reimbursed by the Advisor.
c
The Fund invests in other ETFs and indirectly bears its proportionate shares of fees and expenses incurred by the Underlying Funds in which the Fund is invested. This ratio does not include these indirect fees and expenses.
d
Portfolio turnover rate does not include securities received or delivered from processing creations or redemptions.
e
The Fund’s total return includes a reimbursement by the Advisor for a realized loss on a trade executed incorrectly, which otherwise would have reduced total return by 0.41%.
Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
Selected Per Share Data
Net Asset Value, beginning of year
$27.59
$25.93
$32.53
$31.36
$33.00
Income (loss) from investment operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income (loss)a
0.13
0.17
0.20
0.04
(0.03)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
10.79
1.65
(6.80)
1.13
(1.61)
Total from investment operations
10.92
1.82
(6.60)
1.17
(1.64)
Less distributions from:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
(0.15)
(0.16)
Total distributions
(0.15)
(0.16)
Net Asset Value, end of year
$38.36
$27.59
$25.93
$32.53
$31.36
Total Return (%)
39.64
7.02
(20.29)
3.73
(4.97)
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data
Net Assets, end of year ($ millions)
40
30
74
24
20
Ratio of expenses (%)
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.67
Ratio of net investment income (loss) (%)
0.37
0.63
0.74
0.10
(0.09)
Portfolio turnover rate (%)b
34
48
16
29
51
a
Based on average shares outstanding during the period.
b
Portfolio turnover rate does not include securities received or delivered from processing creations or redemptions.
Prospectus October 1, 2021 137 Financial Highlights

Xtrackers MSCI All China Equity ETF
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
Selected Per Share Data
Net Asset Value, beginning of year
$32.66
$31.13
$37.78
$30.54
$28.36
Income (loss) from investment operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income (loss)a
0.48
0.76
0.36
0.79
0.91
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
13.85
2.21
(6.42)
6.75
4.26
Total from investment operations
14.33
2.97
(6.06)
7.54
5.17
Less distributions from:
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
(0.35)
(1.44)
(0.59)
(0.30)
(2.99)
Total distributions
(0.35)
(1.44)
(0.59)
(0.30)
(2.99)
Net Asset Value, end of year
$46.64
$32.66
$31.13
$37.78
$30.54
Total Return (%)b
43.94
9.35
(15.89)
24.71
20.03
Ratios to Average Net Assets and Supplemental Data
Net Assets, end of year ($ millions)
35
20
227
36
5
Ratio of expenses before fee waiver (%)c
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.60
Ratio of expenses after fee waiver (%)c
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.36
0.35
Ratio of net investment income (loss) (%)
1.10
2.27
1.07
2.10
3.10
Portfolio turnover rate (%)d
8
14
102
3
7
a
Based on average shares outstanding during the period.
b
Total Return would have been lower if certain expenses had not been reimbursed by the Advisor.
c
The Fund invests in other ETFs and indirectly bears its proportionate shares of fees and expenses incurred by the Underlying Funds in which the Fund is invested. This ratio does not include these indirect fees and expenses.
d
Portfolio turnover rate does not include securities received or delivered from processing creations or redemptions.
Prospectus October 1, 2021 138 Financial Highlights

Appendix
Index Providers and Licenses
CSI, a leading index provider in China, is a joint venture between the SSE and the SZSE that specializes in the creation of indices and index-related services. CSI is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, the Subadvisor, The Bank of New York Mellon, the Distributor or any of their respective affiliates.
MSCI, Inc. (“MSCI”) is a leading provider of global indexes and benchmark related products and services to investors worldwide. MSCI is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, The Bank of New York Mellon, the Distributor or any of their respective affiliates.
The Advisor has entered into a license agreement with CSI and MSCI to use each Underlying Index. All license fees are paid by the Adviser out of its own resources and not the assets of the Fund.
Disclaimers
Shares of the funds are not sponsored, endorsed or promoted by NYSE Arca. NYSE Arca makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the shares of the funds or any member of the public regarding the ability of the funds to track the total return performance of the Underlying Index or the ability of the Underlying Index to track stock market performance. NYSE Arca is not responsible for, nor has it participated in, the determination of the compilation or the calculation of the Underlying Index, nor in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of shares of the funds to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the shares are redeemable. NYSE Arca has no obligation or liability to owners of the shares of the funds in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the shares of the funds.
NYSE Arca does not guarantee the accuracy and/or the completeness of the Underlying Index or any data included therein. NYSE Arca makes no warranty, express or implied, as to results to be obtained by the Trust on behalf of the funds as licensee, licensee’s customers and counterparties, owners of the shares of the funds, or any other person or entity from the use of the subject index or any data included therein in connection with the rights licensed as described herein or for any other use. NYSE Arca makes no express or implied warranties and hereby expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the Underlying Index or any data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall NYSE Arca have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages.
The Advisor does not guarantee the accuracy or the completeness of the Underlying Index or any data included therein and the Advisor shall have no liability for any errors, omissions or interruptions therein.
The Advisor makes no warranty, express or implied, to the owners of shares of the funds or to any other person or entity, as to results to be obtained by the funds from the use of the Underlying Index or any data included therein. The Advisor makes no express or implied warranties and expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Underlying Index or any data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Advisor have any liability for any special, punitive, direct, indirect or consequential damages (including lost profits), even if notified of the possibility of such damages.
Shares of the funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by CSI or any affiliate of CSI and CSI bears no liability with respect to the funds or any security. The Underlying Index of Xtrackers Harvest CSI 300 China A-Shares ETF and Xtrackers Harvest CSI 500 China A-Shares Small Cap ETF is compiled and calculated by CSI. CSI will apply all necessary means to ensure the accuracy of the Underlying Index. However, none of CSI, the SSE nor the SZSE shall be liable (whether in negligence or otherwise) to any person for any error in the Underlying Index and none of CSI, the SSE nor the SZSE shall be under any obligation to advise any person of any error therein. All rights in Underlying Index vests in CSI. Neither the publication of the Underlying Index by CSI nor the granting of a license regarding the Underlying Index as well
Prospectus October 1, 2021 139 Appendix

as the Index Trademark for the utilization in connection with the funds, which derived from the Underlying Indexes, represents a recommendation by CSI for a capital investment or contains in any manner a warranty or opinion by CSI with respect to the attractiveness on an investment in the funds.
XTRACKERS MSCI ALL CHINA EQUITY ETF AND XTRACKERS MSCI CHINA A INCLUSION EQUITY ETF ARE NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, SOLD OR PROMOTED BY MSCI INC. (“MSCI”), ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, ANY OF ITS INFORMATION PROVIDERS OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, COMPILING, COMPUTING OR CREATING ANY MSCI INDEX (COLLECTIVELY, THE “MSCI PARTIES”). THE MSCI INDEXES ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF MSCI. MSCI AND THE MSCI INDEX NAMES ARE SERVICE MARK(S) OF MSCI OR ITS AFFILIATES AND HAVE BEEN LICENSED FOR USE FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES BY THE ADVISER. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THE FUNDS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY REGARDING THE ADVISABILITY OF INVESTING IN FUNDS GENERALLY OR IN A FUND PARTICULARLY OR THE ABILITY OF ANY MSCI INDEX TO TRACK CORRESPONDING STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE. MSCI OR ITS AFFILIATES ARE THE LICENSORS OF CERTAIN TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES AND OF THE MSCI INDEXES WHICH ARE DETERMINED, COMPOSED AND CALCULATED BY MSCI WITHOUT REGARD TO THE FUNDS OR THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THE FUNDS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES HAS ANY OBLIGATION TO TAKE THE NEEDS OF THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THE FUNDS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY INTO CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINING, COMPOSING OR CALCULATING THE MSCI INDEXES. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR HAS PARTICIPATED IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE TIMING OF, PRICES AT, OR QUANTITIES OF THE FUNDS TO BE ISSUED OR IN THE DETERMINATION OR CALCULATION OF THE EQUATION BY OR THE CONSIDERATION INTO WHICH THE FUNDS ARE REDEEMABLE. FURTHER, NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES HAS ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY TO THE ISSUER OR OWNERS OF THE FUNDS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE ADMINISTRATION, MARKETING OR OFFERING OF THE FUNDS.
ALTHOUGH MSCI SHALL OBTAIN INFORMATION FOR INCLUSION IN OR FOR USE IN THE CALCULATION OF THE MSCI INDEXES FROM SOURCES THAT MSCI CONSIDERS RELIABLE, NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES WARRANTS OR GUARANTEES THE ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE ISSUER OF THE FUNDS, OWNERS OF THE FUNDS, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY, FROM THE USE OF ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR INTERRUPTIONS OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. FURTHER, NONE OF THE MSCI PARTIES MAKES ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, AND THE MSCI PARTIES HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALLWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO EACH MSCI INDEX AND ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN.WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY OF THE MSCI PARTIES HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS) EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
NO PURCHASER, SELLER OR HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY, PRODUCT OR FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY, SHOULD USE OR REFER TO ANY MSCI TRADE NAME, TRADEMARK OR SERVICE MARK TO SPONSOR, ENDORSE, MARKET OR PROMOTE THIS SECURITY WITHOUT FIRST CONTACTING MSCI TO DETERMINE WHETHER MSCI’S PERMISSION IS REQUIRED. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY ANY PERSON OR ENTITY CLAIM ANY AFFILIATION WITH MSCI WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF MSCI.
Prospectus October 1, 2021 140 Appendix

FOR MORE INFORMATION:
XTRACKERS.COM
1-855-329-3837 (1-855-DBX-ETFS)
Copies of the prospectus, SAI and recent shareholder reports, when available, can be found on our website at Xtrackers.com. For more information about a fund, you may request a copy of the SAI. The SAI provides detailed information about a fund and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This means that the SAI, for legal purposes, is a part of this prospectus.
If you have any questions about the Trust or shares of a fund or you wish to obtain the SAI or shareholder report free of charge, please:
Call:
1-855-329-3837 or 1-855-DBX-ETFS
(toll free) Monday through Friday
8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. (Eastern time)
Write:
DBX ETF Trust
c/o ALPS Distributors, Inc.
1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
Denver, Colorado 80203
Information about a fund (including the SAI), reports and other information about a fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, and copies of
this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: [email protected].
Householding is an option available to certain fund investors. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Please contact your broker-dealer if you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, or if you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status.
No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representations about a fund and their shares not contained in this prospectus and you should not rely on any other information. Read and keep the prospectus for future reference.
Investment Company Act File No.: 811-22487
(10/01/21) CHINA-1