Newday Ocean Health ETF
Ticker: AHOY

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF
Ticker: SDGS

Semi-Annual Report

November 30, 2022

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⁽¹⁾Represents cash, short-term investments and liabilities in excess of other assets.

⁽²⁾Represents cash, short-term investments and other assets less liabilities.

Newday Ocean Health ETF

Newday Ocean Health ETF

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF

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⁽¹⁾The Fund commenced operations on June 6, 2022. The information presented is from June 6, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

⁽²⁾The Fund commenced operations on September 12, 2022. The information presented is from September 12, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

Newday Ocean Health ETF

⁽¹⁾The Fund commenced operations on June 6, 2022. The information presented is from June 6, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

⁽²⁾Summary of share transactions is as follows:

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF

⁽¹⁾The Fund commenced operations on September 12, 2022. The information presented is from September 12, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

⁽²⁾Summary of share transactions is as follows:

Newday Ocean Health ETF

⁽¹⁾The Fund commenced operations on June 6, 2022. The information presented is from June 6, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

⁽²⁾Calculated using average shares outstanding method.

⁽³⁾Not annualized.

⁽⁴⁾The total return is based on the Fund’s net asset value.

⁽⁵⁾Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.

⁽⁶⁾Annualized.

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF

⁽¹⁾The Fund commenced operations on September 12, 2022. The information presented is from September 12, 2022 to November 30, 2022.

⁽²⁾Calculated using average shares outstanding method.

⁽³⁾Not annualized.

⁽⁴⁾The total return is based on the Fund’s net asset value.

⁽⁵⁾Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.

⁽⁶⁾Annualized.

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The Newday Ocean Health ETF and Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF are each non-diversified series of shares (each a “Fund”, and collectively, the “Funds”) of beneficial interest of Tidal ETF Trust (the “Trust”). The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on June 4, 2018 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company and the offering of each Fund’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Funds are investment companies and accordingly follow the investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification Topic 946 “Financial Services—Investment Companies.” The Newday Ocean Health ETF commenced operations on June 6, 2022 and the Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF commenced operations on September 12, 2022.

The investment objective of each Fund is to seek to capture long-term capital appreciation.

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Funds. These policies are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

A.Security Valuation. Equity securities, which may include Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”), listed on a securities exchange, market or automated quotation system for which quotations are readily available (except for securities traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC (“NASDAQ”)), including securities traded over the counter, are valued at the last quoted sale price on the primary exchange or market (foreign or domestic) on which they are traded on the valuation date (or at approximately 4:00 p.m. EST if a security’s primary exchange is normally open at that time), or, if there is no such reported sale on the valuation date, at the most recent quoted bid price or mean between the most recent quoted bid and ask prices for long and short positions. For a security that trades on multiple exchanges, the primary exchange will generally be considered the exchange on which the security is generally most actively traded. For securities traded on NASDAQ, the NASDAQ Official Closing Price will be used. Prices of securities traded on the securities exchange will be obtained from recognized independent pricing agents (“Independent Pricing Agents”) each day that the Funds are open for business.

Effective September 8, 2022, for securities for which quotations are not readily available, under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, a fair value will be determined by the Valuation Designee (as defined in Rule 2a-5) in accordance with the Pricing and Valuation Policy and Fair Value Procedures, as applicable, of the Funds’ investment adviser, Toroso Investments, LLC (the “Adviser”), a Tidal Financial Group company, subject to oversight by the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”). When a security is “fair valued,” consideration is given to the facts and circumstances relevant to the particular situation, including a review of various factors set forth in the Adviser’s Pricing and Valuation Policy and Fair Value Procedures, as applicable. Fair value pricing is an inherently subjective process, and no single standard exists for determining fair value. Different funds could reasonably arrive at different values for the same security. The use of fair value pricing by a fund may cause the net asset value of its shares to differ significantly from the net asset value that would be calculated without regard to such considerations.

As described above, the Funds utilize various methods to measure the fair value of their investments on a recurring basis. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation methods. The three levels of inputs are:

Level 1 –Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Funds have the ability to access.

Level 2 –Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These inputs may include quoted prices for the identical instrument on an inactive market, prices for similar instruments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, yield curves, default rates and similar data.

Level 3 –Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, to the extent relevant observable inputs are not available; representing a Fund’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in valuing the asset or liability and would be based on the best information available.

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The availability of observable inputs can vary from security to security and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of security, whether the security is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets, and other characteristics particular to the security. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.

The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety, is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value each Fund’s investments as of November 30, 2022:

Newday Ocean Health ETF

Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF

⁽¹⁾See Schedule of Investments for the industry breakout.

B.Federal Income Taxes. Each Fund has elected to be taxed as a “regulated investment company” and intends to distribute substantially all taxable income to its shareholders and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies. Therefore, no provision for federal income taxes or excise taxes has been made.

In order to avoid imposition of the excise tax applicable to regulated investment companies, each Fund intends to declare as dividends in each calendar year at least 98.0% of its net investment income (earned during the calendar year) and at least 98.2% of its net realized capital gains (earned during the periods ended November 30) plus undistributed amounts, if any, from prior years.

As of November 30, 2022, the Funds did not have any tax positions that did not meet the threshold of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Generally, tax authorities can examine all the tax returns filed for the last three years. Each Fund identifies its major tax jurisdiction as U.S. Federal and the Commonwealth of Delaware; however, the Funds are not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change materially.

C.Foreign Currency. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts at the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investment securities and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts on the respective dates of such transactions.

The Funds do not isolate that portion of the results of operations resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of securities held. Such fluctuations are included with the net realized and unrealized gain or loss from investments.

The Funds report net realized foreign exchange gains or losses that arise from sales of foreign currencies, currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amounts of dividends, interest, and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Funds’ books and the U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses arise from changes in the fair values of assets and liabilities, other than investments in securities at period end, resulting from changes in exchange rates.

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D.Securities Transactions and Investment Income. Investment securities transactions are accounted for on the trade date. Gains and losses realized on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Discounts/premiums on debt securities purchased are accreted/amortized over the life of the respective securities using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Dividends received from REITs generally are comprised of ordinary income, capital gains, and may include return of capital. Debt income is recorded on an accrual basis. Other non-cash dividends are recognized as investment income at the fair value of the property received. Withholding taxes on foreign dividends have been provided for in accordance with the Trust’s understanding of the applicable country’s tax rules and rates.

E.Distributions to Shareholders. Distributions to shareholders from net investment income, if any, for the Funds are declared and paid at least annually. Distributions to shareholders from net realized gains on securities, if any, for the Funds are normally declared and paid on an annual basis. Distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date.

F.Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

G.Share Valuation. The net asset value (“NAV”) per share of each Fund is calculated by dividing the sum of the value of the securities held by each Fund, plus cash or other assets, minus all liabilities by the total number of shares outstanding for each Fund, rounded to the nearest cent. The Funds’ shares will not be priced on the days on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is closed for trading.

H.Guarantees and Indemnifications. In the normal course of business, the Funds enter into contracts with service providers that contain general indemnification clauses. The Funds’ maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Funds that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Funds expect the risk of loss to be remote.

I.Illiquid Securities. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Funds have adopted a Board-approved Liquidity Risk Management Program (the “Program”) that requires, among other things, that each Fund limit its illiquid investments that are assets to no more than 15% of the value of each Fund’s net assets. An illiquid investment is any security that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. If either Fund should be in a position where the value of illiquid investments held by a Fund exceeds 15% of the Fund’s net assets, that Fund will take such steps as set forth in the Program.

J. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.

•In June 2022, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2022-03, which amends Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. ASU 2022-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Funds are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of these amendments on the financial statements.

A.Associated Risk of Investing Using Ocean Health Metrics and Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Principles (Newday Ocean Health ETF Only) The Fund’s investment strategy limits the types and number of investment opportunities available to the Fund, and, as a result, the Fund may underperform other funds that do not primarily seek to invest in companies based on Ocean Health metrics or that are screened based on ESG principals. In addition, Ocean Health and ESG investing may affect the Fund’s exposure to some companies or industries, and the Fund will forgo some investment opportunities because they are screened out based on the Fund’s investment strategy.

B.Associated Risk of Investing Using Sustainable Development Metrics and ESG Principles (Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF Only) The Fund’s investment strategy limits the types and number of investment opportunities available to the Fund, and, as a result, the Fund may underperform other funds that do not primarily seek to invest in companies based on sustainable development metrics or that are screened based on ESG principals. In addition, sustainable development and ESG investing may affect the Fund’s exposure to some companies or industries, and the Fund will forgo some investment opportunities because they are screened out based on the Fund’s investment strategy. Further, some ESG factors are inherently subjective and subject to disagreement among investors. The market’s view of what constitutes a sustainable development company may change over time.

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C.Currency Risk. The Funds’ exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Funds to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for any number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad.

D.Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (“Underlying Shares”). When the Funds invest in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Funds are exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.

E.Emerging Markets Risk. The Funds may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Funds to buy, sell, or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for shares and cause the Funds to decline in value.

F.Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Funds’ portfolios may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Funds invest. Common stocks, such as those held by each Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.

G. Exchange-Traded Fund (“ETF”) Risks.

•Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Funds have a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from each Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

•Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

•Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate a Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Funds may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when a Fund’s primary listing exchange is open, a Fund is likely to experience premiums and discounts greater than those of ETFs holding only domestic securities.

•Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Funds’ underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.

H.Foreign Securities Risks. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Funds will

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be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices.

I.General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Funds’ portfolios may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or events, pandemic diseases, terrorism, regulatory events, and government controls.

J.Management Risk. The Funds are actively-managed and may not meet their investment objectives based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Funds.

K.Market Capitalization Risk.

•Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.

•Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of midcapitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

•Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.

L.Models and Data Risk. The composition of each Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on proprietary quantitative models as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from each Fund’s portfolio universe that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. The criteria used by the third party data analysis platform utilized by the Sub-Adviser may vary significantly from criteria used by different data providers.

M.New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.

N.Non-Diversification Risk. Although the Funds intend to invest in a variety of securities and instruments, the Funds are considered to be non-diversified, which means that they may invest a greater percentage of their assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if they were diversified funds. As a result, the Funds may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a smaller number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Funds’ volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on each Fund’s performance.

O.Sector Risk. At times, the Funds may increase the relative emphasis of their investments in a particular sector or group of industries. The prices of securities of issuers in a particular sector may be more susceptible to fluctuations due to changes in economic or business conditions, government regulations, availability of basic resources or supplies, or other events that affect that industry or sector more than securities of issuers in other industries and sectors. To the extent that the Funds increase the relative emphasis of their investments in a particular industry or sector, the value of shares may fluctuate in response to events affecting that industry or sector.

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The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Trust, on behalf of the Funds (the “Advisory Agreement”), and, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, provides investment advice to the Funds and oversees the day-to-day operations of each Fund, subject to oversight of the Board. The Adviser provides oversight of Newday Funds, Inc. (the “Sub-Adviser”), the investment sub-adviser to the Funds, and review of the Sub-Adviser’s performance. The Adviser is also responsible for trading portfolio securities for each Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Board.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee (the “Management Fee”) based on the average daily net assets of each Fund at the annualized rate of 0.75%. Out of the Management Fee, the Adviser is obligated to pay or arrange for the payment of substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Funds to operate. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by each Fund except for interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, and distribution fees and expenses paid by each Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (collectively, “Excluded Expenses”). The Management Fees incurred are paid monthly to the Adviser. Management Fees for the periods ended November 30, 2022 are disclosed in the Statements of Operations.

The Sub-Adviser serves as the investment sub-adviser to the Funds, pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with respect to each Fund (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds’ portfolios, including determining the securities purchased and sold by each Fund, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. The Sub-Adviser is paid a fee by the Adviser, which is calculated and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.02% of each Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Sub-Advisory Fee”).

Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Sub-Adviser has agreed to assume the Adviser’s obligation to pay all expenses incurred by each Fund except for the Sub-Advisory Fee payable to the Sub-Adviser and Excluded Expenses. Such expenses incurred by the Funds and paid by the Sub-Adviser include fees charged by Tidal (defined below), which is the Funds’ administrator and an affiliate of the Adviser.

Tidal ETF Services LLC (“Tidal”), a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the Funds’ administrator and, in that capacity, performs various administrative and management services for each Fund. Tidal coordinates the payment of Fund-related expenses and manages the Trust’s relationships with its various service providers.

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Fund Services”), serves as the Funds’ sub-administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent. In those capacities, Fund Services performs various administrative and accounting services for the Funds. Fund Services prepares various federal and state regulatory filings, reports and returns for the Funds, including regulatory compliance monitoring and financial reporting; prepares reports and materials to be supplied to the Board; and monitors the activities of the Funds’ custodian. U.S. Bank N.A. (the “Custodian”), an affiliate of Fund Services, serves as the Funds’ custodian.

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) acts as the Funds’ principal underwriter in a continuous public offering of the Funds’ shares.

Certain officers and a trustee of the Trust are affiliated with the Adviser and Fund Services. Neither the affiliated trustee nor the Trust’s officers receive compensation from the Funds.

For the period ended November 30, 2022, the cost of purchases and proceeds from the sales or maturities of securities, excluding short-term investments, U.S. government securities, and in-kind transactions were as follows:

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For the period ended November 30, 2022, there were no purchases or sales of long-term U.S. Government securities.

For the period ended November 30, 2022, in-kind transactions associated with creations and redemptions for the Funds were as follows:

The Funds are subject to examination by U.S. taxing authorities for the tax periods since the commencement of operations. The amount and character of tax basis distributions and composition of net assets, including undistributed (accumulated) net investment income (loss), are finalized at the fiscal year-end; accordingly, tax basis balances have not been determined for the period ended November 30, 2022. Differences between the tax cost of investments and the cost noted in the Schedules of Investments will be determined at fiscal year-end.

The Funds did not make any distributions for the period ended November 30, 2022.

Shares of the Funds are listed and traded on the Exchange. Market prices for the shares may be different from their NAV. The Funds issue and redeem shares on a continuous basis at NAV generally in large blocks of shares (“Creation Units”). Creation Units are issued and redeemed principally in-kind for securities included in a specified universe. Once created, shares generally trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable securities of each Fund. Creation Units may only be purchased or redeemed by Authorized Participants. An Authorized Participant is either (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation or (ii) a Depository Trust Company participant and, in each case, must have executed a Participant Agreement with the Distributor. Most retail investors do not qualify as Authorized Participants nor have the resources to buy and sell whole Creation Units. Therefore, they are unable to purchase or redeem the shares directly from the Funds. Rather, most retail investors may purchase shares in the secondary market with the assistance of a broker and are subject to customary brokerage commissions or fees.

The Funds currently offer one class of shares, which has no front-end sales load, no deferred sales charge, and no redemption fee. A fixed transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase or sale of Creation Units. The standard fixed transaction fee for the Funds is $300, payable to the Custodian. The fixed transaction fee may be waived on certain orders if the Funds’ Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee. In addition, a variable fee may be charged on all cash transactions or substitutes for Creation Units and Redemption Units of up to a maximum of 2% of the value of the Creation Units and Redemption Units subject to the transaction. Variable fees received by the Funds, if any, are disclosed in the capital shares transactions section of the Statements of Changes in Net Assets. The Funds may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, with no par value. All shares of the Funds have equal rights and privileges.

U.S. and international markets have experienced and may continue to experience significant periods of volatility in recent years and months due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors including rising inflation, uncertainty regarding central banks’ interest rate increases, the possibility of a national or global recession, trade tensions, political events, the war between Russia and Ukraine and the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic. The global recovery from COVID-19 may last for an extended period of time. As a result of continuing political tensions and armed conflicts, including the war between Ukraine and Russia, the U.S. and the European Union imposed sanctions on certain Russian individuals and companies, including certain financial institutions, and have limited certain exports and imports to and from Russia. The war has contributed to recent market volatility and may continue to do so. These developments, as well as other events, could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets, despite government efforts to address market disruptions. Continuing market volatility as a result of recent market conditions or other events may have adverse effects on your account.

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In preparing these financial statements, the Funds have evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. The Funds have determined that there are no subsequent events that would need to be disclosed in the Funds’ financial statements.