485BPOS
 
Vanguard Target Retirement Funds
Prospectus
 January 31, 2024
Investor Shares
Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund Investor Shares (VTINX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund Investor Shares (VTWNX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund Investor Shares (VTTVX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund Investor Shares (VTHRX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor Shares (VTTHX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund Investor Shares (VFORX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund Investor Shares (VTIVX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Investor Shares (VFIFX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Investor Shares (VFFVX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund Investor Shares (VTTSX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund Investor Shares (VLXVX)
Vanguard Target Retirement 2070 Fund Investor Shares (VSVNX)
  
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
Contents
 
Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide current income and some capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
1
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors currently in retirement. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. fixed income securities
37.2%
• U.S. stocks
17.5%
• Inflation-indexed securities
17.1%
• Foreign fixed income securities
16.2%
• Foreign stocks
12.0%
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; inflation-protected public obligations
2
issued by the U.S. Treasury; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
 

The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income through retirement. Because bonds and short-term investments are typically less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests most of its assets in bonds and short-term investments, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected to be low to moderate.
• With approximately 70% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• With approximately 30% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease
3
because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement Income Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 12% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 37.2% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 16.8% Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Year Index; 16% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 18% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
4
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
7.84
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-7.37
%
June 30, 2022
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund
Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
10.74
%
4.83
%
4.09
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
9.23
3.43
2.89
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
6.62
3.39
2.83
Target Retirement Income Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
10.80
%
5.13
%
4.32
%
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.53
1.10
1.81
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
5
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
6
Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
7
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2020 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2020, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. fixed income securities
32.9%
• U.S. stocks
24.0%
• Foreign stocks
16.4%
• Foreign fixed income securities
14.8%
• Inflation-indexed securities
11.9%
8
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; inflation-protected public obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
 

The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because fixed income securities such as bonds are typically less volatile than stocks and because the Fund currently invests a majority of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 57% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging
9
transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• With approximately 43% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2020 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 16.3% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 33% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 12.1% Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Year Index; 14.2% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 24.4% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
10
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
11.40
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-10.76
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
12.51
%
6.61
%
5.52
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
10.57
4.50
3.97
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
8.15
4.90
4.08
Target Retirement 2020 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
12.65
%
6.98
%
5.81
%
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
11
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
12
Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
13
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 6% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2025 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2025, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
32.1%
• U.S. fixed income securities
28.6%
• Foreign stocks
21.8%
• Foreign fixed income securities
12.7%
• Inflation-indexed securities
4.8%
14
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; inflation-protected public obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 55% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 45% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative
15
perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2025 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 21.4% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 28.9% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 5.2% Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Year Index; 12.4% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 32.1% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes)
16
does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
13.20
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-12.95
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
14.55
%
7.56
%
6.10
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
13.20
5.95
4.84
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
9.04
5.72
4.60
Target Retirement 2025 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
14.74
%
8.01
%
6.43
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes
17
on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
18
Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
19
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2030 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2030, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
38.1%
• U.S. fixed income securities
25.7%
• Foreign stock
25.0%
• Foreign fixed income securities
11.2%
20
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 65% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 35% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
21
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2030 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 25% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 26.2% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 11.2% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 37.6% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
22
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
14.58
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-14.76
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
16.03
%
8.37
%
6.58
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
15.07
6.92
5.48
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
9.72
6.42
5.05
Target Retirement 2030 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
16.26
%
8.83
%
6.92
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
23
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
24
Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
25
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2035 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2035, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
42.8%
• Foreign stocks
27.7%
• U.S. fixed income securities
20.5%
• Foreign fixed income securities
9.0%
26
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 70% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 30% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
27
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2035 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 28% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 20.9% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 9% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 42.1% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
28
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
15.90
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-16.52
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
17.14
%
9.17
%
7.06
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
16.24
7.67
5.91
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
10.41
7.09
5.46
Target Retirement 2035 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
17.43
%
9.64
%
7.40
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
29
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
30
Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
31
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2040 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2040, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
47.4%
• Foreign stocks
30.3%
• U.S. fixed income securities
15.7%
• Foreign fixed income securities
6.6%
32
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 80% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 20% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
33
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2040 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 31.1% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 15.7% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 6.7% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 46.6% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
34
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
17.29
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-18.25
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
18.34
%
9.99
%
7.52
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
17.50
8.49
6.44
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
11.14
7.78
5.89
Target Retirement 2040 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
18.60
%
10.43
%
7.87
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
35
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
36
Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
37
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2045 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2045, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
51.9%
• Foreign stocks
33.5%
• U.S. fixed income securities
10.4%
• Foreign fixed income securities
4.2%
38
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 85% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 15% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
39
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2045 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 34.1% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 10.4% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 4.5% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 51.1% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
40
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
18.70
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-19.88
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
19.48
%
10.76
%
7.91
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
18.71
9.49
6.94
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
11.85
8.43
6.23
Target Retirement 2045 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
19.77
%
11.20
%
8.25
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
41
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
42
Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
43
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 2% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2050 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2050, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
53.9%
• Foreign stocks
36.2%
• U.S. fixed income securities
7.1%
• Foreign fixed income securities
2.8%
44
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 90% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 10% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
45
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2050 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 36% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 7% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 3% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 54% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
46
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
18.67
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-19.86
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
20.17
%
10.93
%
7.99
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
19.43
9.79
7.13
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
12.27
8.57
6.32
Target Retirement 2050 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
20.48
%
11.37
%
8.34
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
47
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
48
Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
49
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2055 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2055, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
53.8%
• Foreign stocks
36.4%
• U.S. fixed income securities
7.1%
• Foreign fixed income securities
2.7%
50
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 90% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 10% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of
51
that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2055 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 36% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 7% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 3% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 54% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
52
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
18.64
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-19.89
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
20.16
%
10.92
%
7.97
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
19.44
9.92
7.21
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
12.26
8.57
6.32
Target Retirement 2055 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
20.48
%
11.37
%
8.34
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
53
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
54
Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
55
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2060 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2060, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
53.9%
• Foreign stocks
36.4%
• U.S. fixed income securities
7.0%
• Foreign fixed income securities
2.7%
56
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 90% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 10% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a
57
bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2060 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 36% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 7% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 3% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 54% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes)
58
does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
18.61
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-19.86
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
10 Years
Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes
20.18
%
10.92
%
7.97
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
19.47
10.12
7.31
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares
12.26
8.55
6.31
Target Retirement 2060 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
20.48
%
11.37
%
8.34
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
26.21
15.32
11.57
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.83
Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes
59
on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.
60
Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income consistent with its current asset allocation.
Fees and Expenses
The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.
Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
None
Purchase Fee
None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
None
Redemption Fee
None
Account Service Fee Per Year
(for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)
$25
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 
 
Management Fees
0.00
%
12b-1 Distribution Fee
None
Other Expenses
0.00
%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.08
%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.08
%
61
Example
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses (of the Fund and its underlying funds) remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$8
$26
$45
$103
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds) according to an asset allocation strategy designed for investors planning to retire and leave the workforce in or within a few years of 2065 (the target year). The Fund is designed for an investor who plans to withdraw the value of an account in the Fund over a period of many years after the target year. The Fund’s asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. Within seven years after 2065, the Fund’s asset allocation should become similar to that of Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund. As of September 30, 2023, the Fund’s allocation among the underlying asset classes was as follows: 
• U.S. stocks
53.9%
• Foreign stocks
36.4%
• U.S. fixed income securities
6.9%
• Foreign fixed income securities
2.8%
62
At any given time, the Fund’s asset allocation may be affected by a variety of factors, such as whether the underlying funds are accepting additional investments.
 
The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.
 

The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. An investment in the Fund is not guaranteed. An investor may experience losses, including losses near, at, or after the target year. There is no guarantee that the Fund will provide adequate income at or after the target year. Because stocks are typically more volatile than bonds and because the Fund currently invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk should be higher than that of funds that invest the majority of their assets in bonds; however, the level of risk is expected to be lower than that of funds investing entirely in stocks.
• With approximately 90% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.
• With approximately 10% of its assets allocated to fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a
63
bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.
• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of assets to them, will cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
Annual Total Returns
The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Target Retirement 2065 Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard based on the Fund’s asset allocation glide schedule, which becomes more conservative as time elapses. As of September 30, 2023, the composite was derived using the following portion allocations: 36% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index; 7% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index; 3% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged); and 54% CRSP US Total Market Index. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The components that make up the composite index may vary over time. Percentages listed may not total to 100% due to rounding. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes)
64
does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.
Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund Investor Shares
 
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 
 
Total Return
Quarter
Highest
18.59
%
June 30, 2020
Lowest
-19.92
%
March 31, 2020
Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 
 
1 Year
5 Years
Since
Fund
Inception
Fund
Inception
Date
Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund
Investor Shares
07/12/2017
Return Before Taxes
20.15
%
10.91
%
8.44
%
Return After Taxes on Distributions
19.47
10.35
7.90
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale
of Fund Shares
12.23
8.57
6.61
Target Retirement 2065 Composite Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses,
or taxes)
20.48
%
11.37
%
8.84
%
MSCI US Broad Market Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses,
or taxes)
26.21
15.32
12.39
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted
Index
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses,
or taxes)
5.60
1.17
1.07
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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.
Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)
Portfolio Managers
Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

 

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.
Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since its inception in 2017.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.
66
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing