PROSPECTUS
dated December 31, 2021

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

(NYSE Arca, Inc.: STNC)

 

A series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

 

This ETF is different from traditional ETFs.

 

Traditional ETFs tell the public what assets they hold each day. This ETF will not. This may create additional risks for your investment. For example:

 

 

You may have to pay more money to trade the ETF’s shares. This ETF will provide less information to traders, who tend to charge more for trades when they have less information.

 

 

The price you pay to buy ETF shares on an exchange may not match the value of the ETF’s portfolio. The same is true when you sell shares. These price differences may be greater for this ETF compared to other ETFs because it provides less information to traders.

 

 

These additional risks may be even greater in bad or uncertain market conditions.

 

 

The ETF will publish on its website each day a “Portfolio Reference Basket” designed to help trading in shares of the ETF. While the Portfolio Reference Basket includes all the names of the ETF’s holdings, it is not the ETF’s actual portfolio.

 

The differences between this ETF and other ETFs may also have advantages. By keeping certain information about the ETF portfolio secret, this ETF may face less risk that other traders can predict or copy its investment strategy. This may improve the ETF’s performance. If other traders are able to copy or predict the ETF’s investment strategy, however, this may hurt the ETF’s performance.

 

For additional information regarding the unique attributes and risks of the ETF, see “Principal Investment Risks-Portfolio Reference Basket Structure Risk” in the Summary Section and “Additional Information about the Fund-Portfolio Reference Basket Structure Risk” below.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved the Fund’s shares or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

1

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Summary Section

1

Additional Information About The Fund

10

Management Of The Fund

21

How To Buy And Sell Shares

23

Dividends, Distributions, And Taxes

25

Distribution

30

Additional Considerations

30

Financial Highlights

34

Appendix A – Prior Performance of Similarly Advised Accounts

A - 1

 

No securities dealer, sales representative, or any other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations, other than those contained in this prospectus or in approved sales literature in connection with the offer contained herein, and if given or made, such other information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF or The RBB Fund, Inc. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer.

 

1

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

 

Summary Section

 

Investment Objective

 

The investment objective of the Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF (the “Fund”) is to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). This table and the Example below do not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Shares.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):

 

 

Management Fees

 

0.95%

Distribution (12b-1) Fees

 

0.00%

Other Expenses(1)

 

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

 

0.95%

Fees Waived(2)

 

-0.10%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver

 

0.85%

(1)

Other Expenses” have been estimated to reflect expenses expected to be incurred during the current fiscal year.

 

(2)

Under the terms of an expense limitation agreement entered into by The RBB Fund, Inc. (the “Company”) and Red Gate Advisers, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its unitary management fee until March 31, 2023 to the extent necessary to limit the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding brokerage commissions, taxes, interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any extraordinary expenses) to an amount not exceeding 0.85% annually of the Fund’s average daily net assets. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before March 31, 2023 without the approval of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Adviser may recover from the Fund fees waived for a period of three years after such fees were incurred, provided that the repayments do not cause the Fund’s operating expenses (excluding brokerage commissions, taxes, interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any extraordinary expenses) to exceed 0.85% annually of the Fund’s average daily net assets, or, if less, the expense limitation that was in place at the time the fees were waived.

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Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that: (1) your investment has a 5% return each year, and (2) the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year

3 Years

$87

$293

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal period from the Fund’s inception on March 15, 2021 through August 31, 2021, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 180% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that will invest, under normal circumstances at least 80% of the value of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in exchange-traded equity securities of U.S. large capitalization issuers that meet environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) standards, as determined by the Fund’s sub-adviser, Stance Capital, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”). The Fund currently considers companies within the Russell 1000® Index and S&P 500® Index to be large capitalization issuers.

 

In identifying investments for the Fund, the Sub-Adviser utilizes three independent processes. First, the Sub-Adviser applies a rules-based ESG methodology which seeks to identify the top 50% from each industry and sub-industry in the universe of large capitalization companies. Companies who have exclusively or primarily engaged in weapons, tobacco, or thermal coal are generally excluded from consideration. The remaining universe is then quantitatively scored against industry group peers on up to 21 sustainability-related key performance indicators ("KPIs") such as energy productivity, carbon intensity, water dependence, waste profile and KPIs relating to governance, including capacity to innovate, unfunded pension fund liabilities, chief executive officer/average worker pay, safety performance, employee turnover, leadership diversity, percentage tax paid, and percent of bonus linked to sustainability performance. The securities in the top 50% may be retained. The Sub-Adviser utilizes data feeds from third parties that the Sub-Adviser considers, in its sole discretion, as trustworthy and/or have expertise in specific KPI areas. The current primary external data source is Corporate Knights Research, but such firm or firms may change in the Sub-Adviser’s discretion. Corporate Knights Research is based in Toronto, and is a leading media firm in Canada focused on climate risk. For over 20 years they have published an annual ranking of the most sustainable companies in the world. Their methodology is rules-based and forms the foundation of the Sub-Adviser’s approach to ESG scoring. Second, the Sub-Adviser applies a machine learning model which uses financial, risk, and other factors to identify companies that are most likely to outperform both in absolute returns and in risk adjusted returns over the next quarter. In the final process, the portfolio is optimized to minimize tail risk and maximize diversification The Sub-Adviser generally re-balances the portfolio quarterly. Positions are sold quarterly if the Sub-Adviser decides they are no longer optimal in the portfolio.

 

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The Fund’s investment portfolio is focused, generally composed of at least 30 investment positions.

 

While investing in a particular sector is not a principal investment strategy of the Fund, its portfolio may be significantly invested in a sector as a result of the portfolio management decisions made pursuant to its principal investment strategy. While the Fund does not place any restrictions on its level of sector concentration, it will limit its investments in industries within any particular sector to less than 25% of the Fund’s total assets. On each rebalancing date, investments within a particular sector will also be capped at up to twice the weight of the sector within the S&P 500 Index.

 

The Fund intends to continue to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

Semi-Transparent Actively-Managed ETF with Portfolio Reference Basket Structure. The Fund is an actively-managed, semi-transparent ETF. Unlike traditional ETFs, which generally publish their portfolio holdings on a daily basis, the Fund discloses a portfolio transparency substitute—the “Portfolio Reference Basket”—and certain related information about the Portfolio Reference Basket relative to the Fund’s actual portfolio (“Actual Portfolio”) holdings (the “Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures”), which are intended to help keep the market price of the Fund’s Shares trading at or close to the underlying net asset value (“NAV”) per Share of the Fund. While the Portfolio Reference Basket includes all of the Fund’s holdings, it is not the Fund’s Actual Portfolio because the holdings will be weighted differently, subject to a minimum weightings overlap of 90% with the Fund’s Actual Portfolio at the beginning of each trading day. The Fund also discloses the maximum deviation between the weightings of the specific securities in the Portfolio Reference Basket and the weightings of those specific securities in the Actual Portfolio, as well as between the weighting of the respective cash positions (the “Guardrail Amount”). The Guardrail Amount is intended to ensure that no individual security in the Portfolio Reference Basket will be overweighted or underweighted by more than the publicly disclosed percentage when compared to the actual weighting of each security within the Actual Portfolio as of the beginning of each trading day. The Fund is actively-managed and does not seek to track an index.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The value of the Fund’s investments may decrease, which will cause the value of the Fund’s Shares to decrease. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Each risk summarized below is a principal risk of investing in the Fund and different risks may be more significant at different times depending upon market conditions or other factors.

 

4

 

 

Portfolio Reference Basket Structure Risk. Unlike traditional ETFs that provide daily disclosure of their portfolio holdings, the Fund discloses daily the identities of all portfolio holdings, but not the exact quantities or weightings. Instead, the Fund discloses a Portfolio Reference Basket generated each day by a proprietary algorithmic process that is designed to closely track the daily performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio on any given trading day. Although the Portfolio Reference Basket and Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures are intended to provide authorized participants and other market participants with enough information to allow them to engage in effective arbitrage transactions that will help keep the market price of the Shares trading at or close to the underlying NAV per Share of the Fund, there is a risk that market prices will vary significantly from the underlying NAV of the Fund, which may be heightened during periods of market disruption or volatility. Similarly, Shares may trade at a wider bid/ask spread than shares of traditional ETFs and may therefore be more costly for investors to trade, which may be heightened during periods of market disruption or volatility. Additionally, the Portfolio Reference Basket structure itself may result in additional trading costs because the Fund may receive or deliver holdings in different weightings on any given day than the weightings of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio, which may result in portfolio turnover, and related transaction costs, to re-align the Actual Portfolio with the Fund’s intended investment strategy. In addition, although the Fund seeks to benefit from keeping its Actual Portfolio secret, market participants may attempt to use the Portfolio Reference Basket to identify the Fund’s trading strategy, which if successful, could result in such market participants engaging in certain predatory practices, such as front-running the Fund’s trading activity or free-riding on the Fund’s investment strategy, that may potentially harm the Fund and its shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio Reference Basket structure will operate as intended. The Portfolio Reference Basket structure is novel and not yet proven as an effective arbitrage mechanism. The effectiveness of the Portfolio Reference Basket structure as an arbitrage mechanism is contingent upon, among other things, the effectiveness of the proprietary algorithmic process employed to create a Portfolio Reference Basket that performs in a manner substantially identical to the performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio and the willingness of authorized participants and other market participants to trade based on the Portfolio Reference Basket. In the event that the Portfolio Reference Basket structure does not result in effective arbitrage opportunities in the Fund Shares, the Fund may exhibit wider premiums/discounts, bid/ask spreads and tracking error than traditional ETFs. For at least the first three years after launch of the Fund, if the tracking error (relative to the Actual Portfolio) exceeds 1%, or if, for 30 or more days in any quarter or 15 days in a row, the absolute difference between either the closing price or the mid-point of the highest bid and lowest offer at the time of calculation of the NAV (the “Bid/Ask Price”), on one hand, and NAV, on the other, exceeds 2.00% or the bid/ask spread exceeds 2.00%, the Adviser will recommend appropriate remedial measures to the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company for its consideration, which may include, but are not limited to, liquidation of the Fund.

 

5

 

 

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are institutional investors and may act as authorized participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts or delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. These events, among others, may lead to the Fund Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Thus, you may pay more (or less) than the NAV when you buy Shares of the Fund in the secondary market, and you may receive less (or more) than NAV when you sell those Shares in the secondary market. A diminished market for an ETF’s shares substantially increases the risk that a shareholder may pay considerably more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the ETF shares bought or sold. In periods of market volatility, APs, market makers and/or liquidity providers may be less willing to transact in Fund Shares. Further, the Fund is utilizing a novel and unique structure, which may affect the number of entities willing to act as APs, market makers and/or liquidity providers.

 

 

Cash Transactions Risk. Unlike traditional ETFs, the securities in the Fund’s basket of securities exchanged for a Creation Unit will not correspond pro rata to the positions in the Fund’s portfolio, and the Fund may effect its creations and redemptions partially or wholly for cash rather than on an in-kind basis. Because of this, the Fund may incur costs such as brokerage costs or be unable to realize certain tax benefits associated with in-kind transfers of portfolio securities that may be realized by other ETFs. These costs may decrease the Fund’s NAV to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Shareholders may be subject to tax on gains they would not otherwise have been subject to and/or at an earlier date than if the Fund had effected redemptions wholly on an in-kind basis.

 

6

 

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted. Trading may be halted because of market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Fund inadvisable. These may include: (a) the extent to which trading is not occurring in the securities and/or the financial instruments composing the Portfolio Reference Basket and/or Actual Portfolio; or (b) whether other unusual conditions or circumstances detrimental to the maintenance of a fair and orderly market are present. During periods of market stress, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount). This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines.

 

 

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although the Portfolio Reference Basket structure is intended to provide market participants with enough information to allow for an effective arbitrage mechanism that will help to keep the market price of the Fund’s Shares at or close to the Fund’s NAV, there is a risk that market prices for Fund Shares will vary significantly from the Fund’s NAV. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. This risk may be greater for the Fund than for traditional ETFs that disclose their full portfolio holdings on a daily basis because the publication of the Portfolio Reference Basket does not provide the same level of transparency as the daily publication of the actual portfolio by a traditional ETF. This could cause the Fund’s Shares to have wider bid/ask spreads and larger premiums/discounts than traditional ETFs using the same or similar investment strategies.

 

 

Limitations of Intraday Indicative Value (IIV) Risk. The Exchange or a market data vendor intends to disseminate the approximate per share value of the Fund’s Portfolio Reference Basket every 15 seconds (the ‘‘intraday indicative value’’ or ‘‘IIV’’). The IIV should not be viewed as a ‘‘real-time’’ update of the NAV per share of the Fund because (i) the IIV is not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day, generally at the end of the business day, (ii) the calculation of NAV may be subject to fair valuation at different prices than those used in the calculations of the IIV, (iii) unlike the calculation of NAV, the IIV does not take into account Fund expenses, and (iv) the IIV is based on the Portfolio Reference Basket and not on the Fund’s Actual Portfolio. The Fund, the Adviser and their affiliates are not involved in, or responsible for, any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the Fund’s IIV, and the Fund, the Adviser and their affiliates do not make any warranty as to the accuracy of these calculations.

 

7

 

 

Cyber Security Risk. Cyber security risk is the risk of an unauthorized breach and access to Fund assets, Fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or the risk of an incident occurring that causes the Fund, the investment adviser or sub-advisers, custodian, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and financial intermediaries to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Fund and its investment adviser and sub-advisers have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cyber security incidents affecting third-party service providers. Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact and cause financial losses to the Fund or its shareholders.

 

 

Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments, and/or may incur substantial losses and may limit or stop purchases of the Fund.

 

 

Environmental, Social and Governance Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the environmental, social and governance factors that the Fund applies in selecting securities. The Fund intends to invest in companies with measurable high ESG ratings relative to their sector peers, and screen out particular companies that do not meet its ESG criteria. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not seek to invest in companies based on ESG ratings and/or screen out certain companies or industries. The Fund seeks to identify companies that it believes may have higher ESG ratings, but investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor.

 

 

Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stocks and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.

 

 

Large-Cap Companies Risk. The stocks of large capitalization companies as a group could fall out of favor with the market, causing the Fund to underperform investments that focus solely on small- or medium- capitalization stocks.

 

8

 

 

Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk as an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Adviser’s investment approach may fail to produce the intended results.

 

 

Market Risk. The trading prices of equity securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors including economic, political, financial, public health crises (such as epidemics or pandemics) or other disruptive events (whether real, expected or perceived) in the U.S. and global markets. The Fund’s NAV and market price may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time.

 

 

Model Risk. The Fund seeks to pursue its investment objective by using proprietary models that incorporate quantitative analysis. Investments selected using these models may perform differently than as forecasted due to the factors incorporated into the models and the weighting of each factor, changes from historical trends, and issues in the construction and implementation of the models (including, but not limited to, software issues and other technological issues). There is no guarantee that the Sub-Adviser’s use of these models will result in effective investment decisions for the Fund. The information and data used in the models may be supplied by third parties. Inaccurate or incomplete data may limit the effectiveness of the models. In addition, some of the data that the models use may be historical data, which may not accurately predict future market movement. There is a risk that the models will not be successful in selecting investments or in determining the weighting of investment positions that will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

 

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized, diversified management investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record on which to base their investment decision. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to, or maintain, an economically viable size, in which case the Board may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more on an annualized basis) increases the Fund’s transaction costs (including brokerage commissions and dealer costs), which adversely impacts the Fund’s performance. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the realization of more short-term capital gains than if the Fund had lower portfolio turnover.

 

 

Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. While the Fund may not concentrate in any one industry, the Fund may invest without limitation in any particular market sector.

 

9

 

 

Healthcare Sector Risk. Companies in the health care sector are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by regulatory changes. Other risk factors include rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure and limited product lines, loss or impairment of intellectual property rights and litigation regarding product or service liability.

 

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. Companies in the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by the performance of the overall economy, interest rates, competition, consumer confidence and spending, and changes in demographics and consumer tastes.

 

Performance Information:  

Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund did not have a full calendar year of performance prior to the date of this Prospectus. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.stancefunds.com or by calling the Fund toll free at 800-617-0004.

 

Management

 

Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers

 

Red Gate Advisers, LLC serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. Stance Capital, LLC and Vident Investment Advisory, LLC each serve as a sub-adviser to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Team Member

 

Primary Titles

 

Start Date with Fund

Bill Davis

 

Managing Director, Portfolio Manager at Stance Capital, LLC

 

Inception (March 15, 2021)

Kyle Balkissoon

 

Managing Director, Portfolio Manager at Stance Capital, LLC

 

Inception (March 15, 2021)

Rafael Zayas

 

Senior Vice President, Head of Portfolio Management and Trading at Vident Investment Advisory, LLC

 

Inception (March 15, 2021)

Ryan Dofflemeyer

 

Senior Portfolio Manager at Vident Investment Advisory, LLC

 

Inception (March 15, 2021)

10

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and most investors will buy and sell Shares through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. Creation Units generally consist of 5,000 Shares, though this may change from time to time. Creation Unit transactions are typically conducted in exchange for the deposit or delivery of in-kind securities and/or cash.

 

Tax Information

 

Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is made through an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

 

Financial Intermediary Compensation

 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Fund’s investment adviser, or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Additional Information about the Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund’s investment objective is to achieve long-term capital appreciation. The Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

 

Portfolio Composition

 

The Fund has a policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in exchange-traded equity securities of U.S. large capitalization issuers that meet ESG standards (for this paragraph only, the "80% Policy"). The 80% Policy is non-fundamental and can be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders. The Fund must comply with its 80% Policy at the time the Fund invests its assets. Accordingly, when the Fund no longer meets the 80% requirement as a result of circumstances beyond its control, such as changes in the value of portfolio holdings, it would not have to sell its holdings, but any new investments it makes would be consistent with its 80% Policy.

11

 

Additional Principal Strategy Information

 

Unlike traditional ETFs that provide daily disclosure of their portfolio holdings, the Fund discloses the identities of all portfolio holdings daily, but not the exact quantities or weightings. Instead, the Fund discloses a Portfolio Reference Basket generated each day by a proprietary algorithmic process that is designed to closely track the daily performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio on any given trading day. A description of the policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

Given that this structure is unlike fully-transparent active ETFs, the Adviser will monitor on an on-going basis how Shares trade, including the level of any market price premium or discount to NAV and the bid/ask spreads on market transactions. For at least the first three years after launch of the Fund, the Adviser will promptly call a meeting of the Board (and will present to the Board for its consideration, recommendations for appropriate remedial measures), and the Board will promptly meet, if the tracking error (relative to the Actual Portfolio) exceeds 1%, or if, for 30 or more days in any quarter or 15 days in a row, the absolute difference between either the closing price or the Bid/Ask Price, on one hand, and NAV, on the other, exceeds 2.00% or the bid/ask spread exceeds 2.00%. In such a circumstance, the Board will consider the continuing viability of the Fund, whether shareholders are being harmed, and what, if any, action would be appropriate to among other things, narrow the premium/discount or spread, or tracking error, as applicable. The Board will then decide whether to take any such action. Potential actions may include, but are not limited to, changing lead market makers, listing the Fund on a different exchange, changing the size of Creation Units, changing the Fund’s investment objective or strategy, and liquidating the Fund.

 

Additional Principal Risk Information

 

The value of the Fund’s investments may decrease, which will cause the value of the Fund’s Shares to decrease. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

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Portfolio Reference Basket Structure Risk. Unlike traditional ETFs that provide daily disclosure of their portfolio holdings, the Fund discloses daily the identities of all portfolio holdings, but not the exact quantities or weightings. Instead, the Fund discloses a Portfolio Reference Basket generated each day by a proprietary algorithmic process that is designed to closely track the daily performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio on any given trading day. Although the Portfolio Reference Basket and Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures are intended to provide authorized participants and other market participants with enough information to allow them to engage in effective arbitrage transactions that will help keep the market price of the Shares trading at or close to the underlying NAV per Share of the Fund, there is a risk that market prices will vary significantly from the underlying NAV of the Fund, which may be heightened during periods of market disruption or volatility. Similarly, Shares may trade at a wider bid/ask spread than shares of traditional ETFs and may therefore be more costly for investors to trade, which may be heightened during periods of market disruption or volatility. “Bid” refers to the highest price a buyer will pay to buy a specified number of shares of a stock at any given time. “Ask” refers to the lowest price at which a seller will sell the stock. The difference between the bid price and the ask price is called the “spread.” Additionally, the Portfolio Reference Basket structure itself may result in additional trading costs because the Fund may receive or deliver holdings in different weightings on any given day than the weightings of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio, which may result in portfolio turnover, and related transaction costs, to re-align the Actual Portfolio with the Fund’s intended investment strategy. In addition, although the Fund seeks to benefit from keeping its Actual Portfolio secret, market participants may attempt to use the Portfolio Reference Basket to identify the Fund’s trading strategy, which if successful, could result in such market participants engaging in certain predatory practices, such as front-running the Fund’s trading activity or free-riding on the Fund’s investment strategy, that may potentially harm the Fund and its shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio Reference Basket structure will operate as intended. The Portfolio Reference Basket structure is novel and not yet proven as an effective arbitrage mechanism. The effectiveness of the Portfolio Reference Basket structure as an arbitrage mechanism is contingent upon, among other things, the effectiveness of the proprietary algorithmic process employed to create a Portfolio Reference Basket that performs in a manner substantially identical to the performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio and the willingness of authorized participants and other market participants to trade based on the Portfolio Reference Basket. Although the Fund provides an independent third party with information to generate the Portfolio Reference Basket, the Fund is not involved in the actual calculation of the Portfolio Reference Basket and is not responsible for the calculation or dissemination of the Portfolio Reference Basket. The Fund makes no warranty as to the accuracy of the Portfolio Reference Basket or that it will produce the intended results. In the event that the Portfolio Reference Basket structure does not result in effective arbitrage opportunities in the Fund Shares, the Fund may exhibit wider premiums/discounts, bid/ask spreads and tracking error (relative to the Actual Portfolio) than traditional ETFs. For at least the first three years after launch of the Fund, if the tracking error exceeds 1%, or if, for 30 or more days in any quarter or 15 days in a row, the absolute difference between either the closing price or the Bid/Ask Price, on one hand, and NAV, on the other, exceeds 2.00% or the bid/ask spread exceeds 2.00%, the Adviser will recommend appropriate remedial measures to the Fund’s Board of Directors for its consideration, which may include, but are not limited to, liquidation of the Fund.

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Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. These events, among others, may lead to the Fund Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Thus, you may pay more (or less) than the NAV when you buy Shares of the Fund in the secondary market, and you may receive less (or more) than NAV when you sell those Shares in the secondary market. A diminished market for an ETF’s shares substantially increases the risk that a shareholder may pay considerably more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the ETF shares bought or sold.

 

 

Predatory Trading Practices Risk. Although the Fund seeks to benefit from keeping its portfolio holdings information secret, market participants may attempt to use the Portfolio Reference Basket and related Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures to identify the Fund’s holdings and trading strategy. If successful, this could result in such market participants engaging in predatory trading practices that could harm the Fund and its shareholders. The Portfolio Reference Basket and related Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures have been designed to minimize the risk that market participants could “reverse engineer” the Fund’s portfolio and investment strategy, but they may not be successful in this regard.

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Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares of the Fund may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although the Portfolio Reference Basket structure is intended to provide market participants with enough information to allow for an effective arbitrage mechanism that will help to keep the market price of the Fund’s Shares at or close to the Fund’s NAV, there is a risk that market prices for Fund Shares will vary significantly from the Fund’s NAV. This risk is heightened in times of market disruption or volatility or periods of steep market declines. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. This risk may be greater for the Fund than for traditional ETFs that disclose their full portfolio holdings on a daily basis because the publication of the Portfolio Reference Basket does not provide the same level of transparency as the daily publication of the actual portfolio by a traditional ETF. This could cause the Fund’s Shares to have wider bid/ask spreads and larger premiums/discounts than traditional ETFs using the same or similar investment strategies. Therefore, the Fund’s Shares may cost investors more to trade than traditional ETF shares, especially during periods of market disruption or volatility.

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Secondary Market Trading Risk. Although the Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading may be halted because of market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. These may include: (a) the extent to which trading is not occurring in the securities and/or the financial instruments composing the Portfolio Reference Basket and/or Actual Portfolio; or (b) whether other unusual conditions or circumstances detrimental to the maintenance of a fair and orderly market are present. If the Exchange becomes aware that the NAV, Portfolio Reference Basket, or Actual Portfolio is not disseminated to all market participants at the same time, the Exchange shall halt trading in such series until such time as the NAV, Portfolio Reference Basket, or Actual Portfolio is available to all market participants at the same time. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange. Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. If a trading halt or unanticipated early closing of the Exchange occurs, a shareholder may be unable to purchase or sell Shares of the Fund. Trading halts may have more effect on the Fund because of its semi-transparent structure. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s Shares.

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Cyber Security Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures or breaches by the Fund’s investment adviser or sub-advisers and other service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountant, custodian, transfer agent and administrator), and the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the investment adviser and sub-advisers have each established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Fund and issuers in which the Fund invests. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund applies in selecting securities. The Fund intends to invest in companies with measurable high ESG ratings relative to their sector peers, and screen out particular companies that do not meet their ESG criteria. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not seek to invest in companies based on ESG ratings and/or screen out certain companies or industries. The Fund seeks to identify companies that it believes may have higher ESG ratings, but investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor.

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Equity Markets Risk. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of changes in the broad market or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for the Fund or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions. Equity securities are subject to “stock market risk” meaning that stock prices in general (or in particular, the types of securities in which the Fund invests) may decline over short or extended periods of time. When the value of the Fund’s securities goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk that other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic, and banking crises.

 

 

Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk as an actively-managed investment portfolio. The Adviser’s investment approach may fail to produce the intended results.

 

 

Market Risk. The NAV of the Fund will change with changes in the market value of its portfolio positions. Investors may lose money. The prices of securities held by the Fund may decline in response to conditions affecting the general economy, overall market changes, local, regional or global political, social or economic instability, and currency, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations.

 

Periods of unusually high financial market volatility and restrictive credit conditions, at times limited to a particular sector or geographic area, have occurred in the past and may be expected to recur in the future. Some countries, including the United States, have adopted or have signaled protectionist trade measures, relaxation of the financial industry regulations that followed the financial crisis, and/or reductions to corporate taxes. The scope of these policy changes is still developing, but the equity and debt markets may react strongly to expectations of change, which could increase volatility, particularly if a resulting policy runs counter to the market’s expectations. The outcome of such changes cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, geopolitical and other risks, including environmental and public health risks, may add to instability in the world economy and markets generally. As a result of increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by events impacting a country or region, regardless of whether the Fund invests in issuers located in or with significant exposure to such country or region.

 

The continuing spread of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (known as COVID-19) has caused volatility, severe market dislocations and liquidity constraints in many markets and may adversely affect the Fund’s investments and operations. The outbreak was first detected in December 2019 and subsequently spread globally. The transmission of COVID-19 and efforts to contain its spread have resulted in international and domestic travel restrictions and disruptions, closed international borders, enhanced health screenings at ports of entry and elsewhere, disruption of and delays in healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, event and service cancellations or interruptions, disruptions to business operations (including staff reductions), supply chains and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty that has negatively affected the economic environment. These disruptions have led to instability in the marketplace, including stock and credit market losses and overall volatility. The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, the financial performance of individual issuers, borrowers and sectors and the health of the markets generally in potentially significant and unforeseen ways. Health crises caused by the recent outbreak may heighten other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in a country or region. In the event of a pandemic or an outbreak, there can be no assurance that the Fund and its service providers will be able to maintain normal business operations for an extended period of time or will not lose the services of key personnel on a temporary or long-term basis due to illness or other reasons.  Although vaccines for COVID-19 are becoming more widely available, the full impacts of a pandemic or disease outbreaks are unknown and the pace of recovery may vary from market to market, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty for potentially extended periods of time.

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New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized, diversified management investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record on which to base their investment decision. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to, or maintain, an economically viable size, in which case the Board may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may sell securities without regard to the length of time they have been held to take advantage of new investment opportunities, when the Sub-Adviser feels either the securities no longer meet its investment criteria or the potential for capital appreciation has lessened, or for other reasons. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) increases the Fund’s transaction costs (including brokerage commissions and dealer costs), which would adversely impact the Fund’s performance. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the realization of more short-term capital gains than if the Fund had lower portfolio turnover. The turnover rate will not be a limiting factor, however, if the Sub-Adviser considers portfolio changes appropriate.

 

 

Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. While the Fund may not concentrate in any one industry, the Fund may invest without limitation in any particular market sector.

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Health Care Sector Risk. Companies in the health care sector are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure (including price discounting), limited product lines and an increased emphasis on the delivery of healthcare through outpatient services. Companies in the health care sector are heavily dependent on obtaining and defending patents, which may be time consuming and costly, and the expiration of patents may also adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Health care companies are also subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the health care sector require significant research and development and may be subject to regulatory approvals, all of which may be time consuming and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.

 

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The consumer discretionary sector (which includes companies in industries such as consumer and household durables, consumer services, media, retailing, and automobiles) can be significantly affected by the performance of the overall economy, interest rates, competition, consumer confidence and spending, and changes in demographics and consumer tastes. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Competition in this sector is exacerbated by the shift toward online shopping, which may affect a company’s margins and its stock price. Faster-than-expected interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve and rising oil prices could dampen the ability of consumers to spend on discretionary items, which may adversely affect companies in this sector. There are also indications that consumers, especially millennials, have different spending habits and some companies in this sector might have difficulty adjusting to these, and other, consumer trends.

 

In addition, the Fund may make substantial investments in companies that develop or sell computer hardware or software and peripheral products, including computer components, which present additional risks. These companies are often dependent on the existence and health of other products or industries and face highly competitive pressures, product licensing, trademark and patent uncertainties and rapid technological changes, which may have a significant effect on their financial condition. For example, an increasing number of companies and new product offerings can lead to price cuts and slower selling cycles, and many of these companies may be dependent on the success of a principal product, may rely on sole source providers and third-party manufacturers, and may experience difficulties in managing growth.

 

Additional Information About the Fund’s Non-Principal Risks. This section provides additional information regarding certain non-principal risks of investing in the Fund. The risk listed below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance and trading prices.

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Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of the Fund’s Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in the Fund, asset swings in the Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

 

 

Legal and Regulatory Change Risk. The regulatory environment for investment companies is evolving, and changes in regulation may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and its ability to pursue its trading strategy. In addition, the securities markets are subject to comprehensive statutes and regulations. The SEC and other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund could be substantial and adverse.

 

 

Regulated Investment Company Compliance Risk. The Fund intends to elect to be, and intends to qualify each year for treatment as, a RIC under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. To maintain the Fund’s qualification for federal income tax treatment as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. If for any taxable year the Fund fails to qualify for the special federal income tax treatment afforded to RICs, all of the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders) and its income available for distribution will be reduced. Under certain circumstances, the Fund could cure a failure to qualify as a RIC, but in order to do so, the Fund could incur significant Fund-level taxes and could be forced to dispose of certain assets.

 

Temporary Investments. The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions by taking temporary defensive positions (up to 100% of its assets) in high quality fixed-income securities, money market instruments, and shares of money market mutual funds, or it may hold cash. If the Fund were to take a temporary defensive position, it may be unable for a time to achieve its investment objective.

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Management of the Fund

 

Investment Adviser

 

The investment adviser for the Fund is Red Gate Advisers, LLC (the “Adviser”). The Adviser is located at Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, PA 19317. The Adviser is owned by Chadds Ford Investment Management, LLC (“CFIM”), a Pennsylvania limited liability company. CFIM is controlled by Salvatore Faia and Margaret Faia. Mr. Faia is President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company.

 

Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Adviser manages the overall investment operations of the Fund, primarily in the form of oversight of the Fund’s sub-advisers, pursuant to the terms of an investment advisory agreement between the Company and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”). Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee that is computed and paid monthly at an annual rate of 0.95% of the Fund’s average daily net assets during the month. From the unitary management fee, the Adviser pays most of the expenses of the Fund, including the cost of sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. However, under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not responsible for interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business (“Excluded Expenses”). For the fiscal period ended August 31, 2021, the Fund paid the Adviser management fees of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Under the terms of an expense limitation agreement entered into by the Company and the Adviser, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its unitary management fee until March 31, 2023 to the extent necessary to limit the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding brokerage commissions, taxes, interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any extraordinary expenses) to an amount not exceeding 0.85% annually of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser may recover from the Fund fees waived for a period of three years after such fees were incurred, provided that the repayments do not cause the Fund’s operating expenses (excluding brokerage commissions, taxes, interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any extraordinary expenses) to exceed 0.85% annually of the Fund’s average daily net assets, or, if less, the expense limitation that was in place at the time the fees were waived.

 

A discussion regarding the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement and the factors the Board considered with respect to the Fund is available in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the fiscal period ended August 31, 2021.

 

Sub-Advisers

 

Stance Capital, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”) is a Massachusetts limited liability company located at 131 Dartmouth Street, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the terms of a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, other than certain functions delegated to Vident Investment Advisory, LLC, the Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, may make investment decisions for the Fund as determined necessary by the Sub-Adviser, and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the investment program of the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. Under the sub-advisory agreement, the Sub-Adviser receives a fee from the Adviser, calculated daily and paid monthly, equal to 0.40% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

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Vident Investment Advisory, LLC (“Vident”) is a Delaware limited liability company located at 1125 Sanctuary Parkway, Suite 515, Alpharetta, Georgia 30009. Vident was formed in 2014 and provides investment advisory services to exchange-traded funds, including the Fund. Vident is responsible for selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, as instructed by the Sub-Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement, the Adviser pays Vident a fee, calculated daily and paid monthly, of 0.05% of average daily net assets up to $250 million, 0.045% of average daily net assets for assets over $250 million to up to $500 million, and 0.04% for average daily net assets in excess of $500 million.

 

A discussion regarding the Board’s approval of the sub-advisory agreements and the factors the Board considered with respect to the Fund is available in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the fiscal period ended August 31, 2021.

 

The Sub-Adviser’s Portfolio Management Team

 

Bill Davis:

 

Mr. Davis founded Stance Capital to bring to market investment portfolios that mitigate material environmental, social, and governance risks and generate excess returns while at the same time allowing investors to align their portfolios with their belief systems. Prior to forming Stance, Bill was co-founder and Managing Director of Empirical Asset Management, and Portfolio Manager on EAM Sustainable Equity, a strategy he launched in 2014. Prior to co-founding Empirical, he was the founder and CEO of Ze-gen, a venture and private equity backed renewable energy company. Mr. Davis received a B.A. from Connecticut College, and his career in business has included serving as CEO or founder of numerous companies including Database Marketing Corporation, Holland Mark, and Cambridge Brand Analytics. He serves on the Board of Ceres, chairs Ceres’ President’s Council, and leads a shareholder engagement effort within Climate Action 100+, a collaborative effort between United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment (UNPRI) and Ceres.

 

Kyle Balkissoon:

 

Mr. Balkissoon joined Stance to leverage and advance state of the art machine learning and analysis methods to help clients outperform while adhering to their values. Prior to joining Stance, Kyle led Cognitive Forecasting at IBM, where he was responsible for the development of large forecasting systems for clients in areas such as sales growth, crop yield, replenishment, demand forecasting, advertising, and others. He was an independent data science consultant and led quantitative ESG research at Corporate Knights Capital. Kyle has an M.SC in Financial Markets from EDHEC, a B.Sc in Mathematical Sciences from McMaster University, and a B.A. in Economics from McMaster University. He has contributed to several open source packages in the quantitative finance space and given talks at various conferences in quantitative finance.

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Vident’s Portfolio Management Team

 

Rafael Zayas, CFA, Senior Vice President (SVP) – Mr. Zayas has over 15 years of trading and portfolio management experience in global equity products and ETFs. He is SVP, Head of Portfolio Management and Trading – Prior focus on international Equities, for Vident Investment Advisory, specializing in managing and trading of developed, emerging, and frontier market portfolios. Prior to joining Vident Investment Advisory, he was a Portfolio Manager at Russell Investments for over 5 billion in quantitative strategies across global markets, including emerging, developed and frontier markets and listed alternatives. Before that, he was an equity Portfolio Manager at BNY Mellon Asset Management, where he was responsible for 150 million in internationally listed global equity ETFs and assisted in managing 3 billion of global ETF assets. Mr. Zayas holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University. He also holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.

 

Ryan Dofflemeyer, Senior Portfolio Manager – Mr. Dofflemeyer has over 16 years of trading and portfolio management experience across various asset classes including both ETFs and mutual funds. He is Senior Portfolio Manager for Vident Investment Advisory, specializing in managing and trading of global equity and multi-asset portfolios. Prior to joining Vident Investment Advisory, he was a Senior Portfolio Manager at ProShares for over $3 billion in ETF assets across global equities, commodities, and volatility strategies. Before that, he was a Research Analyst at the Investment Company Institute in Washington DC. Mr. Dofflemeyer holds a BA from the University of Virginia and an MBA from the University of Maryland.

 

The SAI provides additional information about the compensation of the Portfolio Managers, other accounts managed by each Portfolio Manager, and each Portfolio Manager’s ownership of Shares of the Fund.

 

How to Buy and Sell Shares

 

The Fund issues and redeems its Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC, a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC participant (as discussed below). In addition, each AP must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

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Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

 

When buying or selling Fund Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

 

Book Entry

 

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

 

Investors owning Fund Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.

 

Share Trading Prices on the Exchange

 

Trading prices of Fund Shares on the Exchange may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV. Market forces of supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors may affect the trading prices of Shares. Neither the Fund nor the Exchange intends to disseminate the approximate share value of the Fund’s Portfolio Reference Basket, but arbitrageurs and market participants could use the component securities in the Portfolio Reference Basket to calculate intraday values that approximate the value of the Actual Portfolio (the “intraday indicative value” or “IIV”). Intraday pricing information for all constituents of the Portfolio Reference Basket for the Fund that are exchange-traded, which includes all eligible instruments except cash and cash equivalents, is available on the exchanges on which they are traded or through major market data vendors or subscription services. Intraday pricing information for cash equivalents is available through major market data vendors, subscription services and/or pricing services. Any such IIV should not be viewed as a ‘‘real-time’’ update of the NAV per share of the Fund because (i) the IIV is not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day, generally at the end of the business day, (ii) the calculation of NAV may be subject to fair valuation at different prices than those used in the calculations of the IIV, (iii) unlike the calculation of NAV, the IIV does not take into account Fund expenses, and (iv) the IIV is based on the Portfolio Reference Basket and not on the Fund’s Actual Portfolio. The Fund is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs.

25

 

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares

 

The Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains or losses. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Fund employs fair value pricing and imposes transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order at any time.

 

Determination of Net Asset Value

 

The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV for the Fund is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.

 

In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Board.

 

Fair Value Pricing

 

If market quotations are unavailable or deemed unreliable by the Fund’s administrator, in consultation with the Adviser, securities will be fair valued by the Adviser in accordance with procedures adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors and under the Board of Directors’ ultimate supervision. Relying on prices supplied by pricing services or dealers or using fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by the Fund to price its investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other investment companies and investors to price the same investments.

 

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually.

26

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service

 

Brokers may make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available to their customers who own Shares. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole Shares of the Fund purchased on the secondary market. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. In order to achieve the maximum total return on their investments, investors are encouraged to use the dividend reinvestment service. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require the Fund’s shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables.

 

Taxes

 

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to investors who are individual United States citizens or residents. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.

 

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when: (i) the Fund makes distributions; (ii) you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange; and (iii) you purchase or redeem Creation Units.

 

Taxes on Distributions

 

The Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains income. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

 

Distributions reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. The amount of the Fund’s distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities, if any, a high portfolio turnover rate or investments in non-qualified foreign corporations. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. The amount of the dividends qualifying for this deduction may, however, be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities, if any, by a high portfolio turnover rate, or by investments in non-U.S. corporations. Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from the Fund.

27

 

U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

 

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).

 

You may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable to you even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment. This adverse tax result is known as “buying into a dividend.”

 

Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange

 

For federal income tax purposes, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for 12 months or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of Shares. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the Shares acquired.

 

IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans

 

The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on and sales of Shares held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless it borrowed to acquire the Shares.

28

 

U.S. Tax Treatment of Foreign Shareholders

 

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.

 

Foreign shareholders will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on the sale of Shares in the Fund, except that a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a calendar year will be taxable on such gains and on capital gain dividends from the Fund.

 

In contrast, if a foreign investor conducts a trade or business in the United States and the investment in the Fund is effectively connected with that trade or business, then the foreign investor’s income from the Fund will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates in a manner similar to the income of a U.S. citizen or resident.

 

The Fund is generally required to withhold 30% on certain payments to shareholders that are foreign entities and that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements.

 

All foreign investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in the Fund.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he, she or it is not subject to such backup withholding. The current backup withholding rate is 24%.

 

Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units

 

An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the sum of the AP’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Any gain or loss realized by an AP upon a creation of Creation Units will be treated as capital gain or loss if the AP holds the securities exchanged therefor as capital assets, and otherwise will be ordinary income or loss. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held by the AP for more than 12 months, and otherwise will be short-term capital gain or loss.

29

 

The Company on behalf of the Fund has the right to reject an order for a purchase of Creation Units if the AP (or a group of APs) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Company also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to an AP (or group of APs) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund, the AP (or group of APs) may not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.

 

An AP who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units and the AP’s basis in the Creation Units. Any gain or loss realized by an AP upon a redemption of Creation Units will be treated as capital gain or loss if the AP holds the shares comprising the Creation Units as capital assets, and otherwise will be ordinary income or loss. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares comprising the Creation Units have been held by the AP for more than 12 months, and otherwise will generally be short-term capital gain or loss. Any capital loss realized upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable AP of long-term capital gains with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the AP as undistributed capital gains).

 

The Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

 

Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

 

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES” in the SAI.

30

 

Distribution

 

The Distributor, Vigilant Distributors, LLC, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is Gateway Corporate Center, Ste 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, PA 19317.

 

Additional Considerations

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries.

 

The Adviser and Sub-Adviser, out of their own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may pay intermediaries, including affiliates of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, for the sale of Fund Shares and related services, including participation in activities that are designed to make intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products. Payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing and related sales support, educational training or support, or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. Payments may also be made to intermediaries for making Shares of the Fund available to their customers generally and in investment programs. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser may also reimburse expenses or make payments from its own resources to intermediaries in consideration of services or other activities the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser believes may facilitate investment in the Fund.

 

The possibility of receiving, or the receipt of, the payments described above may provide intermediaries or their salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of Shares of the Fund, and other funds whose affiliates make similar compensation available, over other investments that do not make such payments. Investors may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Fund and other ETFs.

 

Premium/Discount Information.

 

The Fund is new and therefore does not have any information regarding how often Shares are traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of a Fund. Once available, this information will be presented, free of charge, on the Fund’s website at www.stancefunds.com.

 

Continuous Offering.

 

The method by which Creation Units are purchased and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the Prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

31

 

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into individual Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to categorization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available with respect to such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. As a result, broker dealer-firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an over-allotment within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(a) of the Securities Act would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares of the Fund are reminded that under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that such Fund’s Prospectus is available on the SEC’s electronic filing system. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

 

Portfolio Reference Basket Structure.

 

The Fund is a semi-transparent actively managed ETF that operates pursuant to an SEC exemptive order. In many respects the Fund operates similarly to traditional ETFs. For example, as described in this Prospectus, shares of the Fund are generally purchased and redeemed in Creation Unit aggregations through authorized participants, Shares of the Fund are listed and traded on a stock exchange, and individual investors can purchase or sell shares in less than Creation Unit sizes and for cash in the secondary market through a broker. The Fund’s Creation Units generally can be purchased or redeemed in-kind and/or for cash in exchange for the Portfolio Reference Basket.

 

However, the Fund has some novel features that differentiate it from traditional ETFs. As described above, the Fund does not disclose its complete portfolio holdings each business day, and instead, the Fund discloses other information to the market that is designed to facilitate arbitrage opportunities in Fund Shares to maintain efficient secondary market trading of Shares. On each business day before the commencement of trading in Shares on the listing exchange, the Fund publishes on its website a Portfolio Reference Basket that is designed to closely track the daily performance of the Fund’s Actual Portfolio.

32

 

The Portfolio Reference Basket is comprised of all of the names of the securities in the Fund’s Actual Portfolio, and only the securities that are in the Fund’s Actual Portfolio (unless cash or cash equivalents are included), although the weightings of such holdings in the Portfolio Reference Basket will differ from the Actual Portfolio. The Portfolio Reference Basket will have a minimum weightings overlap of 90% with the Fund’s Actual Portfolio at the beginning of each trading day.

 

The Portfolio Reference Basket is constructed utilizing a proprietary algorithmic process to minimize daily deviations in return of the Portfolio Reference Basket relative to the Actual Portfolio and is used to facilitate the creation/redemption process and arbitrage. The Portfolio Reference Basket may be updated daily. In determining whether to update the Portfolio Reference Basket, the Sub-Adviser and Vident will consider various factors, including relative valuation of individual securities, liquidity of the securities in the Portfolio Reference Basket, tracking error of the Portfolio Reference Basket relative to the Actual Portfolio, and the cost to create and trade the Portfolio Reference Basket.

 

Guardrail Amount.

 

In addition to the disclosure of the Portfolio Reference Basket, the Fund also publishes the Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures (which include, among other things, the “Guardrail Amount”) on its website on each business day before the commencement of trading in Shares on the Exchange. The Guardrail Amount is the maximum deviation between the weightings of the specific securities in the Portfolio Reference Basket and the weightings of those specific securities in the Actual Portfolio, as well as between the weighting of the respective cash positions. The Guardrail Amount is intended to ensure that no individual security in the Portfolio Reference Basket will be overweighted or underweighted by more than the publicly disclosed percentage when compared to the actual weighting of each security within the Actual Portfolio as of the beginning of each trading day. The Guardrail Amount is designed to help investors evaluate the risk of tracking error, which is the degree to which the performance of the Portfolio Reference Basket deviates from the performance of the Actual Portfolio.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings.

 

Shareholders can access information about the Portfolio Reference Basket and Portfolio Reference Basket Disclosures for each business day on www.stancefunds.com. The Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings on www.stancefunds.com on a quarterly basis with a 60 day lag. Recent information, including information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is also available at www.stancefunds.com. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the Fund’s SAI.

 

Premium/Discount Information.

 

Information regarding how often the Shares of the Fund traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund during the prior calendar year and subsequent quarters, when available, can be found at www.stancefunds.com.

33

 

Additional Information.

 

The Fund enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others the Fund’s investment adviser and sub-advisers, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third party”) beneficiaries of, those contractual arrangements.

 

The Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase Shares of the Fund. The Fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.

 

NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR IN THE FUND’S SAI INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE COMPANY OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.

34

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the period of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. Total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The financial information for the periods shown has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.

 

For the
Period
Ended
August 31,

 

2021(1)

Per Share Operating Performance

 

Net asset value, beginning of period

$25.00

Net investment income/(loss)(2)

$0.02

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) from investments

$2.80

Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

$2.82

Net asset value, end of period

$27.82

Market value, end of period

$27.91

Total investment return/(loss) on net asset value(3)

11.23%(5)

Total investment return/(loss) on market price(4)

11.56%(5)

   

Ratio/Supplemental Data

 

Net assets, end of period (000’s omitted)

$37,285

Ratio of expenses to average net assets with waivers and/or reimbursements

0.85%(6)

Ratio of expenses to average net assets without waivers and/or reimbursements

0.95%(6)

Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets

0.19%(6)

Portfolio turnover rate

180%(5)(7)

 

(1)

Inception date of the Fund was March 15, 2021.

(2)

Per share data calculated using average shares outstanding method.

(3)

Total investment return/(loss) on net asset value is calculated assuming a purchase of shares on the first day and a sale of shares on the last day of each period reported and includes reinvestments of dividends and distributions, if any.

(4)

Total investment return/(loss) on market price is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market price on the first day of the period, reinvestment of dividends and distributions at market price during the period and redemption at market price on the last day of the period.

(5)

Not annualized.

(6)

Annualized.

(7)

Excludes effect of in-kind transfers.

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Appendix A – Prior Performance of Similarly Advised Accounts

 

The Sub-Adviser has experience in managing other accounts with substantially similar investment objectives, policies and strategies as the Fund. The tables on the following pages are provided to illustrate the past performance of the Sub-Adviser in managing the other accounts and do not represent the performance of the Fund. Investors should not consider this performance information as a substitute for the performance of the Fund, nor should investors consider this information as an indication of the future performance of the Fund or of the Sub-Adviser.

 

This performance history is net of all fees charged to investors in the other accounts constituting the composite and reflects the impact of any expense reimbursements or waivers. The performance for the Fund would differ from the information below to the extent that the Fund and the other accounts do not have the same expenses. The fees and expenses of the other accounts are lower than those of the Fund and performance of the other accounts would be lower if the fees and expenses of the Fund were used.   However, the Fund’s results in the future also may be different because the other accounts are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed on mutual funds under applicable U.S. securities and tax laws that, if applicable, could have adversely affected the performance of the other accounts. In addition, the securities held by the Fund will not be identical to the securities held by the other accounts. Composite performance was calculated using Global Investment Performance Standards (“GIPS”). This method of calculating performance differs from the SEC’s standardized methodology, which may produce different results.

 

The performance of the other accounts is also compared to the performance of an appropriate broad-based securities benchmark index. This index is unmanaged and is not subject to fees and expenses typically associated with managed funds, including the Fund. Investors cannot invest directly in the index. The performance information is accompanied by additional disclosures, which are an integral part of the information.

 

Average Annual Returns (periods ending December 31, 2020)

 

Period

Composite

S&P 500 TR
Index

1 Year

19.44%

18.40%

3 Years

16.77%

14.18%

5 Years

17.45%

15.22%

Since Inception
(January 1, 2014)

13.98%

12.92%

 

MONTHLY PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE NET OF FEES

 

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

2020

0.575

-6.370

-10.135

11.441

5.589

-1.133

7.838

4.873

-2.724

-2.503

11.086

1.821

19.437

2019

7.336

5.332

0.408

2.031

-6.387

8.165

1.552

1.247

-0.138

2.164

4.997

1.970

31.718

2018

5.481

-4.989

-0.599

-0.510

0.153

3.077

4.693

2.539

1.238

-4.861

4.519

-8.464

1.95

2017

1.273

4.088

0.688

1.774

1.771

1.812

0.708

-2.278

4.911

0.492

3.130

0.868

21.72

2016

-1.584

1.348

7.337

1.748

0.197

1.499

3.403

-0.770

0.551

-3.316

3.464

1.620

17.21

2015

0.561

0.481

-0.365

-1.847

0.917

-1.863

3.188

-4.549

0.270

2.594

-0.526

1.555

1.16

2014

-4.161

5.080

1.273

-0.817

1.465

1.197

-1.626

4.256

-2.173

3.798

2.676

0.528

12.55

A - 36

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

Red Gate Advisers, LLC

Gateway Corporate Center, Ste 216

223 Wilmington West Chester Pike

Chadds Ford, PA 19317

 

INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISERS

Stance Capital, LLC

131 Dartmouth Street, 3rd Floor

Boston, MA 02116

 

Vident Investment Advisory, LLC

1125 Sanctuary Parkway

Suite 515

Alpharetta, GA 30009

 

ADMINISTRATOR AND
TRANSFER AGENT

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202

 

CUSTODIAN

U.S. Bank, N.A.
1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302

Milwaukee, WI 53202

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800

2001 Market Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

UNDERWRITER

Vigilant Distributors, LLC
Gateway Corporate Center, Ste 216

223 Wilmington West Chester Pike

Chadds Ford, PA 19317

 

LEGAL COUNSEL

Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square, Suite 2000

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 
 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

For more information about the Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

 

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports

 

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the most recently completed fiscal period. The Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders will be available at www.stancefunds.com or by calling 800-617-0004.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The Fund’s SAI, dated December 31, 2021, has been filed with the SEC. The SAI, which includes additional information about the Fund, may be obtained free of charge at www.stancefunds.com or by calling 800-617-0004. The SAI, as supplemented from time to time, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

 

From the SEC

 

Information about the Fund (including the SAI) and other information about the Fund is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by sending an electronic request to [email protected].

 

Investment Company Act File Number 811-05518