ck0001141819-20230801
PERFORMANCE
TRUST TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND
Institutional
Class Shares (Symbol:
PTIAX)
Class
A Shares (Symbol: PTAOX)
Class
C Shares (Symbol: PTCOX)
PERFORMANCE
TRUST MUNICIPAL BOND FUND
Institutional
Class Shares (Symbol: PTIMX)
Class
A Shares (Symbol: PTRMX)
PERFORMANCE
TRUST MULTISECTOR BOND FUND
Institutional
Class Shares (Symbol: PTCRX)
Statement
of Additional Information
December 29,
2023
This
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about
the Performance Trust Total Return Bond Fund (the “Total Return Bond Fund”)
(f/k/a Performance Trust Strategic Bond Fund), the Performance Trust Municipal
Bond Fund (the “Municipal Bond Fund”) and the Performance Trust Multisector Bond
Fund (the “Multisector Bond Fund”) (f/k/a Performance Trust Credit Fund) (each,
a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds”), each a series of Trust for
Professional Managers (the “Trust”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should be
read in conjunction with the Funds’ current prospectus dated December 29,
2023 (the “Prospectus”), as supplemented and amended from time to time. The
Funds’ prospectus and 2023 Annual
Report
to Shareholders
are incorporated herein by reference. To obtain a copy of the Prospectus, or the
most recent annual report to shareholders, free of charge, please write or call
the Funds at the address or toll-free telephone number below, or visit the
Funds’ website at www.ptam.com.
Performance
Trust Mutual Funds
c/o
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O.
Box 701
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53201-0701
1-877-738-9095
---------------------------------
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
---------------------------------
|
|
|
|
| |
THE
TRUST |
|
INVESTMENT
POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS |
|
INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS |
|
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS |
|
BOARD
OF TRUSTEES |
|
TRUSTEES
AND OFFICERS |
|
ROLE
OF THE BOARD |
|
BOARD
LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE |
|
BOARD
OVERSIGHT OF RISK MANAGEMENT |
|
TRUSTEE
QUALIFICATIONS |
|
TRUSTEE
OWNERSHIP OF FUND SHARES |
|
BOARD
COMMITTEES |
|
TRUSTEE
COMPENSATION |
|
CONTROL
PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS |
|
INVESTMENT
ADVISER |
|
PORTFOLIO
MANAGERS |
|
SERVICE
PROVIDERS |
|
FUND
ADMINISTRATOR, TRANSFER AGENT AND FUND ACCOUNTANT |
|
CUSTODIAN |
|
LEGAL
COUNSEL |
|
INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM |
|
DISTRIBUTION
AND SERVICING OF FUND SHARES |
|
THE
DISTRIBUTOR |
|
DISTRIBUTION
(RULE 12b-1) AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING PLAN |
|
12b-1
DISTRIBUTION FEE |
|
SHAREHOLDER
SERVICING FEE |
|
SUB-ACCOUNTING
SERVICE FEES |
|
PORTFOLIO
TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE |
|
PORTFOLIO
TURNOVER |
|
CODE
OF ETHICS |
|
PROXY
VOTING PROCEDURES |
|
ANTI-MONEY
LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM |
|
PORTFOLIO
HOLDINGS INFORMATION |
|
DETERMINATION
OF NET ASSET VALUE |
|
ADDITIONAL
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION |
|
SALES
CHARGES; SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS |
|
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX MATTERS |
|
DISTRIBUTIONS |
|
COST
BASIS REPORTING |
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS |
|
APPENDIX
A – PROXY VOTING POLICIES OF THE ADVISER |
|
The
Trust
The
Trust is a Delaware statutory trust organized on May 29, 2001, and is registered
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an open-end management
investment company. Each Fund is a diversified series of the Trust and has its
own investment objective and policies. Shares of other series of the Trust are
offered in separate prospectuses and SAIs. The Trust may register additional
series and offer shares of a new fund or share class under the Trust at any
time.
The
Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of interests (or shares).
Interests in each Fund are represented by shares of beneficial interest each
with a par value of $0.001. Each share of the Trust has equal voting rights and
liquidation rights, and are voted in the aggregate and not by the series or
class of shares except in matters where a separate vote is required by the
Investment Company
Act
of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), or when the matters affect only the
interests of a particular series or class of shares. When matters are submitted
to shareholders for a vote, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each
full share owned and fractional votes for fractional shares owned. Shares of
each series or class generally vote together, except when required under federal
securities laws to vote separately on matters that only affect a particular
class. The Trust does not normally hold annual meetings of shareholders. The
Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board of Trustees”) shall promptly call and give
notice of a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon removal of
any trustee when requested to do so in writing by shareholders holding 10% or
more of the Trust’s outstanding shares.
With
respect to the Funds, the Trust may offer more than one class of shares. Each
share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that
series or class with each other share of that series or class. The Trust, on
behalf of each Fund, has adopted a multiple class plan under Rule 18f-3 under
the 1940 Act, detailing the
attributes
of each share class of the Funds. The shares of the Total Return Bond Fund
(f/k/a Performance Trust Strategic Bond Fund) are divided into three classes:
Institutional Class, Class A and Class C. The shares of the Municipal Bond Fund
are divided into two classes: Institutional Class and Class A (formerly
designated as Retail Class). The Multisector Bond Fund (f/k/a Performance Trust
Credit Fund) has one class: Institutional Class.
Each
share of a Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets and
liabilities belonging to the Fund and is entitled to such distributions out of
the income belonging to the Fund as are declared by the Board of Trustees. The
Board of Trustees has the authority from time to time to divide or combine the
shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that series so
long as the proportionate beneficial interests in the assets belonging to that
series and the rights of shares of any other series are in no way affected.
Additionally, in event of any dissolution or liquidation of a Fund, the
shareholders of the Fund being liquidated are entitled to receive a pro rata
distribution out of the net assets, net of the liabilities, belonging to that
Fund. Expenses attributable to any series or class are borne by that series or
class. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging
to a particular series or class are allocated by, or under the direction of, the
Board of Trustees on the basis of relative net assets, number of shareholders or
other equitable method. No shareholder is liable to further calls or to
assessment by the Trust without his or her express consent.
The
assets of a Fund received for the issue or sale of its shares, and all income,
earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors,
shall constitute the underlying assets of the Fund. In the event of the
dissolution or liquidation of a Fund, the shareholders of such Fund are entitled
to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to
shareholders.
PT
Asset Management, LLC (DBA: PTAM) (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment
adviser to the Funds.
Investment
Policies, Strategies and Associated Risks
Investment
Objective
The
investment objective of the Total Return Bond Fund is to purchase undervalued
fixed-income assets and achieve investment returns through interest income and
potential capital appreciation. The investment objective of the Municipal Bond
Fund is to provide a high level of current interest income that is substantially
exempt from regular federal income taxes and is consistent with preservation of
capital. The investment objective of the Multisector Bond Fund is to achieve
long-term investment returns primarily by investing in a portfolio of income
producing securities that may have the potential for capital appreciation. The
Funds’ investment objectives and strategies may be changed without the approval
of the Funds’ shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees and 60 days’
written notice to shareholders.
Diversification
Each
Fund is diversified. Under applicable federal laws, to qualify as a diversified
fund, a Fund, with respect to at least 75% of its total assets, may not invest
greater than 5% of its assets in any one issuer and may not hold greater than
10% of the securities of one issuer. The remaining 25% of a Fund’s total assets
does not need to be “diversified” and may be invested in the securities of a
single issuer, subject to other applicable laws. The diversification of a Fund’s
holdings is measured at the time the fund purchases a security. However, if a
Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may
become a larger percentage of a Fund’s total assets due to movements in the
financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by a Fund, the
Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer
issuers.
Additional
Information about Investment Strategies, Policies and Risks
There
is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective. The following
discussion supplements the description of the Funds’ investment objectives and
principal investment strategies set forth in the Prospectus. Except for the
fundamental investment limitations listed
below
(see “Investment Restrictions”), a Fund’s investment strategies and policies are
not fundamental and may be changed by sole action of the Board of Trustees,
without shareholder approval. While the Funds are permitted to hold securities
and engage in various strategies as described hereafter, they are not obligated
to do so.
Whenever
an investment policy or investment restriction states a maximum percentage of a
Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security, or other asset, or sets
forth a policy regarding quality standards, such standard or percentage
limitation will be determined immediately after and as a result of a Fund’s
acquisition or sale of such security or other asset. Accordingly, except with
respect to borrowing and illiquid securities, any subsequent change in values,
net assets or other circumstances will not be considered when determining
whether an investment complies with a Fund’s investment policies and investment
restrictions set forth herein or in the Prospectus. In addition, if a bankruptcy
or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular investment by a
Fund, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund
would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, a Fund will sell such investments
as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to its shareholders.
Please note, however, that the guidance referenced in the first two sentences of
this paragraph does not apply to a Fund’s investments in illiquid securities or
the Fund’s borrowing of money.
Municipal
Securities
The
Funds invest in municipal securities, which are debt obligations issued by or on
behalf of governmental entities throughout
the
United States and its territories to obtain funds for various public purposes,
including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding
of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses and the
extension of loans to public institutions and facilities.
Opinions
relating to the validity of municipal securities and to the exemption of
interest thereon from federal income tax are rendered by bond counsel to the
respective issuers at the time of issuance. Neither the Funds nor the Adviser
will review the proceedings relating to the issuance of municipal securities or
the basis for such opinions.
Certain
of the municipal securities held by a Fund may be insured at the time of
issuance as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The insurance
policies will usually be obtained by the issuer of the municipal security at the
time of its original issuance. In the event that the issuer defaults on interest
or principal payment, the insurer will be notified and will be required to make
payment to the bondholders. There is, however, no guarantee that the insurer
will meet its obligations. In addition, such insurance will not protect against
market fluctuations caused by changes in interest rates and other factors,
including credit downgrades, supply and demand. A Fund may, from time to time,
invest more than 25% of its assets in municipal securities covered by insurance
policies.
The
payment of principal and interest on most securities purchased by a Fund will
depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s
obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of
bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of
creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be
enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of
principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement
of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The
power
or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on,
and principal of, its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected
by litigation or other conditions.
Certain
types of municipal securities (private activity bonds) have been or are issued
to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, pollution
control facilities, convention or trade show facilities, mass transit, airport,
port or parking facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas,
electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal. Private activity bonds are also
issued on behalf of privately held or publicly owned corporations in the
financing of commercial or industrial facilities. State and local governments
are authorized in most states to issue private activity bonds for such purposes
in order to encourage corporations to locate within their communities. The
principal and interest on these obligations may be payable from the general
revenues of the users of such facilities.
Municipal
securities purchased by a Fund may be backed by letters of credit issued by
foreign and domestic banks and other financial institutions. Such letters of
credit are not necessarily subject to federal deposit insurance and adverse
developments in the banking industry could have a negative effect on the credit
quality of a Fund’s portfolio securities and its ability to maintain a stable
net asset value and share price. Letters of credit issued by foreign banks, like
other obligations of foreign banks, may involve certain risks in addition to
those of domestic obligations.
The
Funds may purchase put options on municipal securities. A put gives a Fund the
right to sell a municipal security at a specified price at any time before a
specified date. A put will be sold, transferred or assigned only with the
related municipal security. A Fund will acquire puts only to enhance liquidity,
shorten the maturity of the related municipal security or permit a Fund to
invest its assets at more favorable rates. The aggregate price of a security
subject to a put may be higher than the price which
otherwise
would be paid for the security without such an option, thereby increasing the
security’s cost and reducing its yield.
From
time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of
restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on
municipal securities. For example, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the “Code”), interest on certain private activity bonds must be
included in a noncorporate investor’s alternative minimum taxable income. The
Adviser cannot, of course, predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in
the future as regards the federal income tax status of interest on municipal
securities, or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, while
pending or if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of
municipal securities for investment by a Fund and the liquidity and value of its
portfolio. In such an event, the Adviser would reevaluate a Fund’s investment
objective and policies and consider possible changes in its structure or
possible dissolution.
Municipal
Lease Obligations
The
Funds may acquire municipal lease obligations that are issued by a state or
local government authority to acquire land and a wide variety of equipment and
facilities. These obligations typically are not fully backed by the
municipality’s credit, and their interest may become taxable if the lease is
assigned. If the funds are not appropriated for the following year’s lease
payments, the lease may terminate, with the possibility of default on the lease
obligation and significant loss to a Fund. Certificates of participation in
municipal lease obligations or installment sale contracts entitle the holder to
a proportionate interest in the lease-purchase payments made. The Adviser
determines and monitors the liquidity of municipal lease obligations (including
certificates of participation) under guidelines approved by the Board requiring
the Adviser to evaluate the credit quality of such obligations and report on the
nature of and a Fund’s trading experience in the municipal lease market. Under
the
guidelines,
municipal lease obligations that are not readily marketable and transferable are
treated as illiquid. In making a determination that a municipal lease obligation
is liquid, the Adviser may consider, among other things (i) whether the lease
can be canceled; (ii) the likelihood that the assets represented by the lease
can be sold; (iii) the strength of the lessee’s general credit; (iv) the
likelihood that the municipality will discontinue appropriating funds for the
leased property because the property is no longer deemed essential to the
operations of the municipality; and (v) availability of legal recourse in the
event of failure to appropriate. A Fund will not knowingly invest more than 15%
of the value of its net assets in securities, including municipal leases, that
are illiquid.
Municipal
Notes
Municipal
notes include, but are not limited to, tax anticipation notes (“TANs”), bond
anticipation notes (“BANs”), revenue anticipation notes (“RANs”) and
construction loan notes. Notes sold as interim financing in anticipation of
collection of taxes, a bond sale or receipt of other revenues are usually
general obligations of the issuer.
An
uncertainty in a municipal issuer’s capacity to raise taxes as a result of such
events as a decline in its tax base or a rise in delinquencies could adversely
affect the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding TANs.
Furthermore, some municipal issuers mix various tax proceeds into a general fund
that is used to meet obligations other than those of the outstanding TANs. Use
of such a general fund to meet various obligations could affect the likelihood
of making payments on TANs.
The
ability of a municipal issuer to meet its obligations on its BANs is primarily
dependent on the issuer’s adequate access to the longer term municipal bond
market and the likelihood that the proceeds of such bond sales will be used to
pay the principal of, and interest on, BANs.
A
decline in the receipt of certain revenues, such as anticipated revenues from
another level of government, could adversely affect
an
issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding RANs. In addition, the
possibility that the revenues would, when received, be used to meet other
obligations could affect the ability of the issuer to pay the principal of, and
interest on, RANs.
The
values of outstanding municipal securities will vary as a result of changing
market evaluations of the ability of their issuers to meet the interest and
principal payments (i.e.,
credit risk). Such values also will change in response to changes in the
interest rates payable on new issues of municipal securities (i.e.,
market risk).
Stand-By
Commitments
A
Fund may acquire “stand-by commitments” with respect to municipal securities
held in its portfolio. Under a “stand-by commitment” a dealer agrees to buy from
a Fund, at the Fund’s option, specified municipal securities at a specified
price. A “stand-by commitment” acquired by a Fund may also be referred to in
this SAI as a “put” option.
The
amount payable to a Fund upon its exercise of a “stand-by commitment” is
normally (i) a Fund’s acquisition cost of the municipal securities (excluding
any accrued interest which a Fund paid on their acquisition), less any amortized
market premium or plus any amortized market or original issue discount during
the period a Fund owned the securities; plus (ii) all interest accrued on the
securities since the last interest payment date during that period. A stand-by
commitment may be sold, transferred or assigned by a Fund only with the
instrument involved.
The
Funds expect that “stand-by commitments” will generally be available without the
payment of any direct or indirect consideration. However, if necessary or
advisable, a Fund may pay for a “stand-by commitment” either separately in cash
or by paying a higher price for the portfolio securities which are acquired
subject to the commitment (thus reducing the yield to maturity otherwise
available for the same securities). The total amount paid in either manner for
outstanding “stand-by
commitments”
held by a Fund will not exceed 1/2 of 1% of the value of its total assets
calculated immediately after each “stand-by commitment” is
acquired.
The
Funds intend to enter into “stand-by commitments” only with dealers, banks and
broker-dealers which, in the Adviser’s opinion, present minimal credit risks. A
Fund’s reliance upon the credit of these dealers, banks and broker-dealers is
secured by the value of the underlying municipal securities that are subject to
a commitment.
A
Fund would acquire “stand-by commitments” solely to facilitate portfolio
liquidity and do not intend to exercise its rights thereunder for trading
purposes. The acquisition of a “stand-by commitment” would not affect the
valuation or assumed maturity of the underlying municipal securities, which
would continue to be valued in accordance with the ordinary method of valuation
employed by a Fund. “Stand-by commitments” which would be acquired by a Fund
would be valued at zero in determining net asset value. Where a Fund paid any
consideration directly or indirectly for a “stand- by commitment” its cost would
be reflected as unrealized depreciation for the period during which the
commitment was held by a Fund.
Variable
and Floating Rate Instruments
Municipal
securities purchased by a Fund may include variable and floating rate
instruments issued by industrial development authorities and other governmental
entities. If such instruments are unrated, they will be determined by the
Adviser (under the supervision of the Board of Trustees) to be of comparable
quality at the time of purchase to investment grade. While there may be no
active secondary market with respect to a particular variable or floating rate
demand instrument purchased by a Fund, the Fund may (at any time or during
specified periods not exceeding thirteen months, depending upon the instrument
involved) demand payment in full of the principal of the instrument and has the
right to resell the instrument to a third party. The absence of such an active
secondary market, however, could make it
difficult
for a Fund to dispose of a variable or floating rate demand instrument if the
issuer defaulted on its payment obligation or during periods that a Fund is not
entitled to exercise its demand rights, and a Fund could, for these or other
reasons, suffer a loss with respect to such instruments. Inverse floating rate
securities are similar to floating rate securities except that their interest
rates vary inversely from the market rate of interest to which the inverse
floater is indexed. Inverse floating rate securities tend to exhibit greater
price volatility than other floating rate securities.
With
respect to the variable and floating rate instruments that may be acquired by a
Fund, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flows and other
liquidity ratios of the issuers and guarantors of such instruments and, if the
instrument is subject to a demand feature, will monitor their financial status
to meet payment on demand. In determining average weighted portfolio maturity,
an instrument will usually be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of
the period remaining to the next interest rate adjustment or the time a Fund can
recover payment of principal as specified in the instrument. Variable U.S.
Government obligations held by a Fund, however, will be deemed to have
maturities equal to the period remaining until the next interest rate
adjustment.
Debt
Securities
A
Fund’s investments in debt securities may include obligations of any rating or
maturity. The Funds may invest in investment-grade debt securities and
lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Lower- rated or
high yield debt securities include corporate high yield debt securities,
zero-coupon securities, payment-in kind securities and strips. Investment-grade
bonds are those rated as “investment grade” by a nationally recognized
statistical rating organization. The Funds may also invest in unrated
securities.
Junk
Bonds
Junk
bonds generally offer a higher current yield than is available for higher grade
issues. Issuers of high-yield junk bonds are more likely to experience financial
difficulties
that may lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments
than issuers of higher grade securities. Issuers of junk bonds are often highly
leveraged and are more vulnerable to changes in the economy, such as a recession
or rising interest rates, which may affect their ability to meet their interest
or principal payment obligations. During periods of economic downturn or rising
interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that
could adversely affect their ability to make payments of interest and principal
and could increase the possibility of default. In addition, the market for lower
rated debt securities has expanded rapidly in recent years, and its growth has
paralleled a long economic expansion. At times in recent years, the prices of
many lower rated debt securities declined substantially, reflecting an
expectation that many issuers of such securities might experience financial
difficulties. As a result, the yields on lower rated debt securities rose
dramatically, but the higher yields did not reflect the value of the income
stream that holders of such securities expected, but rather the risk that such
securities would lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of the
issuer’s financial restructuring or default. There can be no assurance that such
declines will not recur. The market for lower rated debt issues generally is
thinner and less active than that for higher quality securities, which may limit
a Fund’s ability to sell such securities at fair value in response to changes in
the economy or financial markets. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and
liquidity of lower-rated securities, especially in a thinly traded market.
Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of a debt security affect
the value of these investments. The Funds will not necessarily dispose of a
security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase.
However, the Adviser will monitor the investment to determine whether continued
investment in the security will further a Fund’s investment
objective.
Unrated
Debt Securities
Unrated
debt, while not necessarily lower in quality than rated securities, may not have
as broad a market. Because of the size and perceived demand for the issue, among
other factors, certain issuers may decide not to pay the cost of getting a
rating for their debt securities. The creditworthiness of the issuer, as well as
any financial institution or other party responsible for payments on the
security, will be analyzed by the Adviser to determine whether to purchase
unrated bonds for a Fund.
Corporate
Debt Securities
A
Fund may invest in corporate debt securities. Corporate debt securities are debt
securities issued by businesses to finance their operations, although corporate
debt instruments may also include bank loans to companies. Notes, bonds,
debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt
securities, with the primary difference being their maturities and secured or
unsecured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and is usually
unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued
by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small,
medium and large capitalizations. Corporate debt may be rated investment grade
or below investment grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities,
as well as the range of creditworthiness of their issuers, corporate debt
securities have widely varying potentials for return and varying risk profiles.
For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation
that is rated investment grade may have a modest return on principal but carries
relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued by
a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been
rated may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but
carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Corporate
debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is
the
risk
that a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is
unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Some corporate debt
securities that are rated below investment grade are generally considered
speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than
higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt
securities may vary based on the priority for repayment. For example, higher
ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking
(subordinated) securities. The issuer may not make payments on subordinated
securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition,
in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher ranking senior securities may
receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities.
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt
securities falls when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities
with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than
corporate debt securities with shorter terms.
Auction
Rate Securities
Auction
Rate Securities (“ARS”) are long-term, variable-rate bonds tied to short-term
interest rates. ARS have a long-term nominal maturity with interest rates reset
through a modified Dutch auction, at predetermined short-term intervals, usually
seven, 28 or 35 days. ARS trade at par and are “callable” (meaning that the
issuer may require the bondholder to sell the bond back to the issuer) at par on
any interest payment date. Common issuers of ARS include municipalities,
non-profit hospitals, utilities, housing finance agencies, student loan finance
authorities and universities. Credit risk associated with ARS is similar to the
default risk associated with other municipal and corporate bond issuers. Bond
insurance is usually used to lower the credit risk of ARS. ARS are subject to
liquidity risk if the auction process used to reset the interest rates fails
because there are more orders to sell the ARS than bids to purchase the ARS. If
an auction process fails, existing holders of ARS would have to continue to hold
their ARS until there were a sufficient number of
bids
to purchase the ARS at the next auction to calculate the interest rate reset.
Since mid- February 2008, most auctions have failed due to insufficient demand
for securities and have continued to fail for an extended period of time. Failed
auctions may adversely impact the liquidity of ARS investments. Although some
issuers of ARS are redeeming or are considering redeeming these securities, such
issuers are not obligated to do so. Therefore, there is no guarantee that a
liquid market will exist for ARS at a time when a Fund wishes to dispose of
these securities.
Zero-Coupon
Securities
Each
Fund may invest in zero-coupon bonds as part of its investment strategy.
Zero-coupon securities make no periodic interest payments but are sold at a deep
discount to their face value. The buyer recognizes a rate of return determined
by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on
a specified maturity date. The discount varies depending on the time remaining
until maturity, as well as market interest rates, the liquidity of the security,
and the issuer’s perceived credit quality. If the issuer defaults, the holder
may not receive any return on his or her investment. Because zero-coupon
securities bear no interest and compound semiannually at the rate fixed at the
time of issuance, their value generally is more volatile than the value of other
debt securities. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments,
when interest rates rise, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically in value
than bonds that pay interest on a current basis. When interest rates fall,
zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value because they reflect a fixed
rate of return. An investment in zero-coupon and delayed interest securities may
cause a Fund to recognize income, prior to the Fund’s receipt of any cash
payments on its investment, and therefore a Fund may be required to make
distributions to shareholders before the Fund receives any cash payments on its
investment. As a result, a Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio investments
under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate sufficient cash to
satisfy the
distribution
requirements for maintaining its status as a regulated investment company
(“RIC”) under Section 851(a) of the Code.
U.S.
Government Obligations
Each
Fund may invest in U.S. Government obligations. U.S. Government obligations
include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S.
Government. U.S. Treasury obligations differ mainly in the length of their
maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government
securities, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount
basis.
Payment
of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations is backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States. U.S. Government obligations are subject
to fluctuations in market value due to fluctuations in market interest rates. As
a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. Government
obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market
interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. Government obligations are
subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract
terms.
Agency
Obligations
Each
Fund may make investments in agency obligations, such as the Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), commonly known as “Ginnie
Mae,” Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), commonly known as “Fannie
Mae,” and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), commonly known as
“Freddie Mac”. Some, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of United States,
are supported only by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury;
others, such as those of the FNMA and FHLMC, are supported by only the
discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s
obligations; still others are supported only by the credit of the
instrumentality. No
assurance
can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to U.S.
Government- sponsored instrumentalities because they are not obligated by law to
do so. As a result, there is a risk that these entities may default on a
financial obligation. For instance, in September 2008, at the direction of the
U.S. Treasury, FNMA and FHLMC were placed into conservatorship under the Federal
Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), an independent regulator. If the
conservatorship is terminated, obligations issued by FNMA and FHLMC will no
longer have the protection of the U.S. Treasury.
Short
Sales
The
Funds may engage in short sales as a non-principal strategy. The Total Return
Bond Fund and the Municipal Bond Fund may engage in short sales representing up
to 10% of a Fund’s net assets. In a short sale, a Fund sells a security it does
not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. To
complete the transaction, a Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to
the buyer. A Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by
purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. This price may be
more or less than the price at which the security was sold by a Fund. A Fund
will incur a loss on a short sale if the price of the security increases between
the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaced the borrowed
security. A Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between
those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any
loss increased, by the amount of the premium, payments in lieu of dividends,
interest or expenses a Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short
sale.
Typically,
a Fund will segregate liquid assets, which are marked-to-market daily, equal to
the difference between (a) the market value of the securities sold short at the
time they were sold short and (b) the value of the collateral deposited with the
broker in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the
short sale). While the short position is open, a Fund
must
maintain segregated assets at such a level that the amount segregated plus the
amount deposited with the broker as collateral equal the current market value of
the securities sold short.
If
the underlying security in a short sale goes down in price between the time a
Fund sells the security and buys it back, a Fund will realize a gain on the
transaction. Conversely, if the underlying security goes up in price during the
period, a Fund will realize a loss on the short sale transaction. Because the
market price of the security sold short could increase without limit, the Funds
could be subject to a theoretically unlimited loss. The risk of such price
increases is the principal risk of engaging in short sales. In addition, a
Fund’s investment performance may suffer if a Fund is required to close out a
short position earlier than it had intended. This would occur if the securities
lender required a Fund to deliver the securities a Fund borrowed at the
commencement of the short sale and a Fund was unable to borrow the securities
from another securities lender or otherwise obtain the security by other means.
Moreover, the Funds may be subject to expenses related to short sales that are
not typically associated with investing in securities directly, such as costs of
borrowing and margin account maintenance costs associated with a Fund’s open
short positions. These expenses negatively impact the performance of the Funds.
For example, when a Fund short sells an equity security that pays a dividend, it
is obligated to pay the dividend on the security it has sold. However, a
dividend paid on a security sold short generally reduces the market value of the
shorted security and thus, increases a Fund’s unrealized gain or reduces a
Fund’s unrealized loss on its short sale transaction. To the extent that the
dividend that a Fund is obligated to pay is greater than the return earned by a
Fund on investments, the performance of a Fund will be negatively impacted.
Furthermore, a Fund may be required to pay a premium or interest to the lender
of the security. The foregoing types of short sale expenses are
sometimes
referred to as the “negative cost of carry,” and will tend to cause a Fund to
lose money on a short sale even in instances where the price of the underlying
security sold short does not change over the duration of the short sale. The
Funds are also required to segregate other assets on their books to cover their
obligation to return the security to the lender which means that those other
assets may not be available to meet a Fund’s needs for immediate cash or other
liquidity.
Mortgage-Backed
Securities and Asset- Backed Securities
The
Total Return Bond Fund and Multisector Bond Fund may invest in mortgage-backed
securities and asset-backed securities as a principal investment strategy. The
Municipal Bond Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed
securities as a non-principal investment strategy. Mortgage-backed securities
represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable
from, mortgage loans secured by real property, and include single- and
multi-class pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations
(“CMOs”). Such securities may be issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government
agencies or instrumentalities, such as the GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC or by private
issuers, generally originators and investors in mortgage loans, including
savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers and
special purpose entities (collectively, “private lenders”).
Mortgage-backed
securities issued by private lenders may be supported by pools of mortgage loans
or other mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly,
by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may
be issued without any governmental guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets
but with some form of non- governmental credit enhancement. FNMA and FHLMC were
formerly government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private
stockholders. As noted above, in
September
2008, at the direction of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, FNMA and FHLMC
were placed into conservatorship under the FHFA. The U.S. Government also took
steps to provide additional financial support to FNMA and FHLMC. No assurance
can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives with respect to FNMA and FHLMC
will be successful or will remain ongoing.
Residential
mortgage loans are generally classified into three categories based on the risk
profile of the borrower and the property: (i) Prime, (ii) Alternative-A
(“Alt-A”), and (iii) Subprime. Prime residential mortgage loans are extended to
borrowers who represent a relatively low risk profile through a strong credit
history. Subprime loans are made to borrowers who display poor credit histories
and other characteristics that correlate with a higher default risk. Alt-A loans
are made to borrowers whose risk profile falls between Prime and Subprime.
Asset-backed debt obligations represent direct or indirect participation in, or
are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales
contracts, other installment loan contracts, home equity loans, leases of
various types of property and receivables from credit card or other revolving
credit arrangements. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends
primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how
well the entity issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk and
bankruptcy of the originator or any other affiliated entities and the amount and
quality of any credit enhancement of the securities. Payments or distributions
of principal and interest on asset-backed debt obligations may be supported by
non-governmental credit enhancements including letters of credit, reserve funds,
over-collateralization and guarantees by third parties.
The
rate of principal payment on mortgage- and asset-backed securities generally
depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets,
which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a
result, the yield on any mortgage- or asset- backed
security
is difficult to predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more
or less than the anticipated yield to maturity. The yield characteristics of
mortgage- and asset-backed debt obligations differ from those of traditional
debt obligations. Among the principal differences are that interest and
principal payments are made more frequently on mortgage- and asset-backed debt
obligations, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time
because the underlying assets generally may be prepaid at any time. As a result,
if these debt obligations or securities are purchased at a premium, a prepayment
rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a
prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of
increasing the yield to maturity. Conversely, if these debt obligations or
securities are purchased at a discount, a prepayment rate that is faster than
expected will increase yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower
than expected will reduce yield to maturity. Mortgage-backed securities
available for reinvestment by a Fund are likely to be greater during a period of
declining interest rates and, as a result, are likely to be reinvested at lower
interest rates than during a period of rising interest rates. Accelerated
prepayments on debt obligations or securities purchased at a premium also impose
a risk of loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully
amortized at the time the principal is prepaid in full. The market for privately
issued mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for
government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities.
While
asset-backed securities may be issued with only one class of security, many
asset-backed securities are issued in more than one class, each with different
payment terms. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued with either a single
class of security or multiple classes, which are commonly referred to as a CMO.
Multiple class mortgage- and asset-backed securities are issued for two main
reasons. First, multiple classes may be used as a method of providing selective
credit support. This is
accomplished
typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the
asset-backed security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the
remaining class or classes. Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of
securities with payment terms, interest rates or other characteristics differing
both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Examples
include separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities
(“STRIPS”) (mortgage- and asset-backed securities entitling the holder to
disproportionate interests with respect to the allocation of interest and
principal of the assets backing the security), and securities with class or
classes having characteristics that mimic the characteristics of
non-asset-backed securities, such as floating interest rates (i.e.,
interest rates that adjust as a specified benchmark changes) or scheduled
amortization of principal.
The
Funds may invest in stripped mortgage- backed securities, which receive
differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying
assets, including interest-only (“IO”) and principal-only (“PO”) securities. IO
and PO mortgage-backed securities may be illiquid. The market value of such
securities generally is more sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest
rates than is the case with traditional mortgage-backed securities, and in some
cases such market value may be extremely volatile.
Mortgage-
and asset-backed securities, other than as described above, or in which the
payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different
than those described above may be issued in the future. A Fund may invest in
such mortgage- and asset-backed securities if such investment is otherwise
consistent with its investment objective and policies and with the investment
restrictions of the Fund.
If
a Fund purchases mortgage- or asset-backed securities that are “subordinated” to
other interests in the same mortgage pool, the Fund as a holder of those
securities may only receive payments after the pool’s
obligations
to other investors have been satisfied. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on
the mortgages held by a mortgage pool may substantially limit the pool’s ability
to make payments of principal or interest to a Fund as a holder of such
subordinated securities, reducing the values of those securities or in some
cases rendering them worthless. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in
the case of mortgage pools that include so called “subprime” mortgages. An
unexpectedly high or low rate of prepayments on a pool’s underlying mortgages
may have a similar effect on subordinated securities. A mortgage pool may issue
securities subject to various levels of subordination, and the risk of
non-payment affects securities at each level, although the risk is greater in
the case of more highly subordinated securities.
Collateralized
Debt Obligations and Collateralized Loan Obligations
The
Total Return Bond Fund and Multisector Bond Fund as a principal investment
strategy, and the Municipal Bond Fund as a non-principal investment strategy,
may invest in collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), other collateralized
debt obligations (“CDOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CLOs and
other CDOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CLO is a trust typically
collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and
foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate
loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent
unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets
representing obligations of various parties. CLOs and other CDOs may charge
management fees and administrative expenses. For CLOs and other CDOs, the cash
flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches,
varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which
bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to
protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe
circumstances. Since they are
partially
protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CLO trust or trust of another
CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying
securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the
equity tranche, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due
to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default
and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as
well as aversion to CLO or other CDO securities as a class.
The
risks of an investment in a CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the
collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which the Fund invests.
Normally, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not
registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs and other
CDOs may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid securities, however an active
dealer market may exist for CLOs and other CDOs allowing them to qualify for
Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt or
fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Funds’
Prospectus (e.g.,
interest rate risk and default risk), CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks
including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from
collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments;
(ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the
risk that a Fund may invest in CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other
classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully
understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or
unexpected investment results.
Derivatives
The
Total Return Bond Fund and Multisector Bond Fund may invest in derivative
securities as a principal investment strategy. The Municipal Bond Fund may
invest in derivative securities as a non-principal
investment
strategy. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on an
underlying asset, such as a stock or a bond, an underlying economic factor, such
as an interest rate or a market benchmark, such as an index. To the extent a
Fund invests in derivatives and the Fund treats such derivatives as fixed-income
instruments, the Fund will use the market value of the derivative for purposes
of meeting the Fund’s policy of investing at least 80% of its net assets in
fixed-income instruments. Unless otherwise stated in the Funds’ prospectus, a
Fund may use derivatives for risk management purposes, including to gain
exposure to various markets in a cost efficient manner, to reduce transaction
costs, alter duration or to remain fully invested. A Fund may also invest in
derivatives to protect it from broad fluctuations in market prices, interest
rates or foreign currency exchange rates (a practice known as “hedging”). When
hedging is successful, a Fund will have offset a portion of the depreciation in
the value of its portfolio securities by the appreciation in the value of the
derivative position. Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of
derivatives could be used to control the exposure of a Fund to market
fluctuations, the use of derivatives may be a more effective means of hedging
this exposure. To the extent that a Fund engages in hedging, there can be no
assurance that any hedge will be effective or that there will be a
hedge
in place at any given time.
Options,
Futures and Other Strategies
General
The
Total Return Bond Fund and Multisector Bond Fund, as a principal investment
strategy, and the Municipal Bond Fund, as a non-principal investment strategy,
may use certain options (both traded on an exchange and over-the-counter
(“OTC”)), futures contracts (sometimes referred to as “futures”) and options on
futures contracts (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) as a substitute for a
comparable market position in the underlying security, to attempt to hedge or
limit the exposure of the Funds’ position, to create a synthetic money market
position,
for certain tax-related purposes and to effect closing
transactions.
The
Funds’ use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the
SEC (including Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act), the several exchanges upon which
they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). In
addition, a Fund’s ability to use Financial Instruments will be limited by tax
considerations. Pursuant to a claim for exemption filed with the National
Futures Association on behalf of the Funds, the Funds are not deemed to be
commodity pool operators or commodity pools under the Commodity Exchange Act and
are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the Commodity
Exchange Act.
In
addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below and in the
Prospectus, the Adviser may discover additional opportunities in connection with
Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new
opportunities may become available as the Adviser develops new techniques, as
regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new
Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The Adviser may utilize
these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with a Fund’s
investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s investment limitations and
applicable regulatory authorities. The Prospectus or this SAI will be
supplemented to the extent that new products or techniques involve materially
different risks than those described below or in the Prospectus.
Special
Risks
The
use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain
of which are described below. Risks pertaining to particular Financial
Instruments are described in the sections that follow.
1.Successful
use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the Adviser’s ability to predict
movements of the overall securities markets, which requires different skills
than predicting
changes
in the prices of individual securities. The ordinary spreads between prices in
the cash and futures markets, due to the differences in the natures of those
markets, are subject to distortion. Due to the possibility of distortion, a
correct forecast of stock market trends by the Adviser may still not result in a
successful transaction. The Adviser may be incorrect in its expectations as to
the extent of market movements or the time span within which the movements take
place, which, thus, may result in the strategy being unsuccessful.
2.Options
and futures prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments.
Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and
anticipated short- term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying
instrument and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may
not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect or no correlation also may
result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and
the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures
and securities are traded, and from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits
or trading halts.
3.As
described below, a Fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,”
maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in
Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (e.g.,
Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If a Fund is unable to
close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to
continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the
position expired or matured. These requirements might impair a Fund’s ability to
sell a portfolio security or make an investment when it would otherwise be
favorable to do so or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a
disadvantageous time. A Fund’s ability to close out a position in a
Financial
Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid
secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and
willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counter-party”) to enter
into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance
that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to a
Fund.
4.Losses
may arise due to unanticipated market price movements, lack of a liquid
secondary market for any particular instrument at a particular time or due to
losses from premiums paid by a Fund on options transactions.
Cover
Transactions
using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Fund to an
obligation to another party. A Fund will not enter into any such transactions
unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or
other options or futures contracts or (2) cash and liquid assets with a value,
marked- to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the
extent not covered as provided in (1) above. A Fund will comply with SEC
guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so
require, set aside cash or liquid assets in an account with its custodian, U.S.
Bank, N.A. (the “Custodian”), in the prescribed amount as determined
daily.
Assets
used as cover or held in an account cannot be sold while the position in the
corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other
appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Fund’s
assets to cover accounts could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability
to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options
The
value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market
value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the
relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the
underlying
investment and general market conditions. Options that expire unexercised have
no value. Options currently are traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange
(“CBOE”), the NYSE Amex and other exchanges, as well as the OTC
markets.
By
buying a call option on a security, a Fund has the right, in return for the
premium paid, to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price.
By writing (selling) a call option and receiving a premium, a Fund becomes
obligated during the term of the option to deliver securities underlying the
option at the exercise price if the option is exercised. By buying a put option,
a Fund has the right, in return for the premium, to sell the security underlying
the option at the exercise price. By writing a put option, a Fund becomes
obligated during the term of the option to purchase the securities underlying
the option at the exercise price.
Because
options premiums paid or received by a Fund are small in relation to the market
value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call
options can be more speculative than investing directly in
securities.
A
Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by
entering into a closing transaction. For example, a Fund may terminate its
obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an
identical call or put option. This is known as a closing purchase transaction.
Conversely, a Fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had
purchased by writing an identical put or call option. This is known as a closing
sale transaction. Closing transactions permit the Fund to realize profits or
limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or
expiration.
Risks
of Options on Commodities, Currencies and Securities
Exchange-traded
options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated
with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees
completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options
are
contracts
between a Fund and its counter-party (usually a securities dealer or a bank)
with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Fund purchases an OTC
option, it relies on the counter-party from whom it purchased the option to make
or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option.
Failure by the counter-party to do so would result in the loss of any premium
paid by a Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the
transaction.
A
Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-traded options
depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance
that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can
be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counter-party or
by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be
no assurance that a Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option
position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of
the counter-party, a Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at
any time prior to its expiration.
If
a Fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had
purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The
inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option
written by a Fund could cause material losses because the Fund would be unable
to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option
expires or is exercised.
Options
on Indices
An
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in
the index. Options on indices give the holder the right to receive an amount of
cash upon exercise of the option. Receipt of this cash amount will depend upon
the closing level of the index upon which the option is based being greater than
(in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of put) the exercise price of
the option. Some stock index options are based on a broad market index such as
the S&P 500®
Index,
the
NYSE Composite Index or the NYSE Arca Index or on a narrower index such as the
Philadelphia Stock Exchange Over-the-Counter Index.
Each
of the exchanges has established limitations governing the maximum number of
call or put options on the same index that may be bought or written by a single
investor, whether acting alone or in concert with others (regardless of whether
such options are written on the same or different exchanges or are held or
written on one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). Under these
limitations, option positions of all investment companies advised by the Adviser
are combined for purposes of these limits. Pursuant to these limitations, an
exchange may order the liquidation of positions and may impose other sanctions
or restrictions. These position limits may restrict the number of listed options
that a Fund may buy or sell.
Puts
and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures
contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on
changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual
securities or futures contracts. When a Fund writes a call on an index, it
receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser
of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the Fund an amount of
cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater
than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the
difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the
call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total value
for each point of such difference. When a Fund buys a call on an index, it pays
a premium and has the same rights to such call as are indicated above. When a
Fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the
expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the Fund’s exercise of
the put, to deliver to a Fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the
index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put,
which amount of cash is determined
by
the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a Fund writes a put on an
index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior
to the expiration date, to require a Fund to deliver to it an amount of cash
equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and the exercise
price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise
price.
Risks
of Options on Indices
If
a Fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index
value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the
underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised
option to fall out-of-the-money, a Fund will be required to pay the difference
between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the
applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.
OTC
Options
Unlike
exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying
instrument, expiration date, contract size and strike price, the terms of OTC
options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through
negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of
arrangement allows a Fund great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs,
OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange- traded options, which
are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are
traded.
Futures
Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
A
futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take
delivery of) the specified security on the expiration date of the contract. An
index futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to
take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference
between the value of a specific index at the close of the last trading day of
the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery
of the underlying securities in the index is made.
When
a Fund writes an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated, in return
for the premium paid, to assume a position in the futures contract at a
specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. If a Fund
writes a call, it assumes a short futures position. If it writes a put, it
assumes a long futures position.
When
a Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it acquires the right in
return for the premium it pays to assume a position in a futures contract (a
long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a
put).
Whether
a Fund realizes a gain or loss from futures activities depends upon movements in
the underlying security or index. The extent of a Fund’s loss from an unhedged
short position in futures contracts or from writing unhedged call options on
futures contracts is potentially unlimited. A Fund only purchases and sells
futures contracts and options on futures contracts that are traded on a U.S.
exchange or board of trade.
No
price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception
of a futures contract a Fund is required to deposit “initial margin” in an
amount generally equal to 10% or less of the contract value. Margin also must be
deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance
with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions,
initial margin does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a
performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to a Fund at the
termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been
satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a
Fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin
payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the
future by regulatory action.
Subsequent
“variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures commission merchant
daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known
as
“marking-to- market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather
represents a daily settlement of a Fund’s obligations to or from a futures
commission merchant. When a Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, the
premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. In contrast, when a
Fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option
thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial
in the event of adverse price movements. If a Fund has insufficient cash to meet
daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time
when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers
and sellers of futures contracts and options on futures can enter into
offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions in options, by
selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument
purchased or sold. Positions in futures and options on futures contracts may be
closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market.
However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for
a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be
possible to close a futures contract or options position.
Under
certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the
amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract
can vary from the previous day’s settlement price. Once that limit is reached,
no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits
do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for
several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing
liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If
a Fund was unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures
position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of
price limits, it could incur substantial losses. A Fund would continue to be
subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the
case of purchased options, a Fund
would
continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be
required to maintain cash or liquid assets in an account.
Risks
of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon
The
ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the
options on futures markets), due to differences in the natures of those markets,
are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all
participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance
requirements.
Rather
than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures
contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal
relationships between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the
futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions
rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make
or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus
producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit
requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in
the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the
futures market may cause temporary price distortions.
Combined
Positions
A
Fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other. For example,
a Fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying
instrument in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return
characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible
combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and
buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the
written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because
combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher
transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close
out.
Commodity
Pool Operator Exclusion
The
Adviser currently intends to operate the Funds in compliance with the
requirements of Rule 4.5 of the CFTC regulations under the Commodity Exchange
Act (the “CEA”). As a result, the Funds are not deemed to be “commodity pools”
under the CEA and will be limited in their ability to use futures and options on
futures or commodities or engage in swap transactions for other than bona fide
hedging purposes. Provided the Funds operate within the limits of Rule 4.5, the
Adviser will be excluded from registration with and regulation under the CEA,
and the Adviser will not be deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” with
respect to the operations of the Funds. If a Fund were no longer able to claim
the exclusion, that Fund and the Adviser, to the extent trading in commodity
interests, would be subject to regulation under the CEA.
To
the extent the Adviser can no longer rely on the Rule 4.5 exclusion, the impact
on the Funds of CFTC requirements is uncertain. CFTC- mandated disclosure,
reporting and recordkeeping obligations, which have been “harmonized” with the
overlapping SEC obligations, will apply with respect to the Funds. The effects
of these regulatory changes could reduce investment returns or limit a Fund’s
ability to implement its investment strategy.
Investors
in the Funds and their financial advisers should consider whether a Fund’s
potential status as a “commodity pool” impacts their operations or status under
the CEA in deciding whether to invest in the Funds.
Swap
Agreements
Each
Fund may enter into swap agreements. Swap agreements are two-party contracts
entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a day
to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to
exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on
particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be
exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with
respect
to a “notional amount,” i.e.,
the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a
“basket” of securities representing a particular index.
Most
swap agreements entered into by a Fund calculate the obligations of the parties
to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, a Fund’s current obligations
(or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net
amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values
of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”).
Payments may be made at the conclusion of a swap agreement or periodically
during its term.
Swap
agreements do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying
assets.
Accordingly,
if a swap is entered into on a net basis, if the other party to a swap agreement
defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that such
Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any.
The
net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements
with respect to a swap agreement entered into on a net basis will be accrued
daily and an amount of cash or liquid asset having an aggregate net asset value
(“NAV”) at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in an account
with the Funds’ custodian that satisfies the 1940 Act. A Fund will also
establish and maintain such accounts with respect to its total obligations under
any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis.
Obligations
under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities”
for purposes of the Funds’ investment restriction concerning senior
securities.
Because
they are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, swap
agreements may be considered to be illiquid for a Fund’s illiquid investment
limitations. A Fund will not enter into any
swap
agreement unless the Adviser believes that the other party to the transaction is
creditworthy. A Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be
received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a
swap agreement counterparty.
A
Fund may enter into a swap agreement in circumstances where the Adviser believes
that it may be more cost effective or practical than buying the underlying
securities or a futures contract or an option on such securities. The
counterparty to any swap agreement will typically be a bank, investment banking
firm or broker/dealer. The counterparty will generally agree to pay a Fund the
amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the swap agreement would have
increased in value had it been invested in the particular stocks represented in
the index, plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. A
Fund will agree to pay to the counterparty a floating rate of interest on the
notional amount of the swap agreement plus the amount, if any, by which the
notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in such
stocks. Therefore, the return to a Fund on any swap agreement should be the gain
or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest
paid by the Fund on the notional amount.
The
swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks
and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing
standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become
relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments
that are traded in the OTC market. The Adviser, under the supervision of the
Board, is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of Fund
transactions in swap agreements.
Real
Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
(Total
Return Bond Fund and Multisector Bond Fund only)
REITs
invest primarily in real property and earn rental income from leasing those
properties.
They
also may realize gains or losses from the sale of properties. REITs generally
exercise some degree of control over the operational aspects of their real
estate investments, lease terms and property maintenance and
repair.
Mortgage
REITs invest primarily in mortgages and similar real estate interests and
receive interest payments from the owners of the mortgaged properties and are
paid interest by the owners of the financed properties. Hybrid REITs invest both
in real property and in mortgages.
A
REIT generally is not taxed on income distributed to its shareholders if it
complies with certain federal income tax requirements relating primarily to its
organization, ownership, assets and income and, further, if it distributes
substantially all of its taxable income to shareholders each year. Consequently,
REITs tend to focus on income-producing real estate investments.
The
Funds’ investments in REITs may be adversely affected by deteriorations of the
real estate rental market, in the case of REITs that primarily own real estate,
or by deteriorations in the creditworthiness of property owners and changes in
interest rates in the case of REITs that primarily hold mortgages. REITs also
are dependent upon specialized management skills, may not be diversified in
their holdings and are subject to the risks of financing projects. REITs also
may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and
self-liquidation. Under certain circumstances, an entity may fail to qualify for
the special tax treatment available to REITs, which would subject the entity to
federal income taxes and adversely affect the value of its
securities.
In
general, qualified REIT dividends that an investor receives directly from a REIT
are
automatically
eligible for the 20% qualified business income deduction. The IRS has issued
final Treasury Regulations that permit a dividend or part of a dividend paid by
a RIC and reported as a “section 199A dividend” to be treated by the recipient
as a qualified REIT dividend for purposes of the 20% qualified business income
deduction, if certain holding period and other requirements have been satisfied
by the recipient with respect to its Fund shares.
When-Issued
Securities
When-issued
securities transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell
particular securities with payment and delivery taking place at a future date,
and permit a Fund to lock in a price or yield on a security it owns or intends
to purchase, regardless of future changes in interest rates or market action. No
income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a when-issued basis prior to
delivery. Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in
value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates. Purchasing a
security on a when-issued basis can involve a risk that the market price at the
time of delivery may be lower than the agreed-upon purchase price, in which case
there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery. A Fund will only make
commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis with the intention of
actually acquiring the securities, but may sell them before the settlement date
if it is deemed advisable. A Fund will establish in a segregated account, or
earmark as segregated on the books of a Fund or the Fund’s custodian, an amount
of liquid assets equal to 102% of the amount of its commitment to purchase
securities on a when-issued basis.
These
assets will be marked-to-market daily, and a Fund will increase the aggregate
value of the assets, as necessary, to ensure that the assets are at least equal
to 102% of the amount of the Fund’s commitments.
Private
Placements and Restricted Securities (Multisector
Bond Fund only)
The
Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities that are
illiquid at the time of purchase. While these holdings may offer more potential
for growth, they may present a higher degree of business and financial risk,
which can result in substantial losses. The Fund may have difficulty valuing
these holdings and may be unable to sell these holdings at the time or price
desired.
Restricted
securities include securities acquired from the issuer in “private placement”
transactions.
Private
placement securities are not registered under the Securities Act, and are
subject to restrictions on resale.
They
are eligible for sale only to certain qualified institutional buyers, like the
Fund, and are not sold on a trading market or exchange.
While
private placement securities offer attractive investment opportunities otherwise
not available on an open market, because such securities are available to few
buyers, they are often both difficult to sell and to value.
Certain
of the Fund’s investments may be placed in smaller, less seasoned, issuers that
present a greater risk due to limited product lines and/or financial
resources.
The
issuer of privately placed securities may not be subject to the disclosure and
other investor protection requirements of a public trade.
Additionally,
the Fund could obtain material non-public information from the issuer of such
securities that would restrict the Fund’s ability to conduct portfolio
transactions.
Privately
placed securities can usually only be resold to other qualified institutional
buyers, or in a private transaction, or to a limited number of purchasers, or in
a limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time
and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from
registration.
The
Fund may incur more cost in the disposition of such securities because of the
time and legal expense required to negotiate a private placement.
Because
of
the
limited market, the Fund may find it difficult to sell the securities when it
finds it advisable to do so and, to the extent such securities are sold in
private negotiations, they may be sold for less than the price for which they
were purchased or than their fair market value.
Privately
placed securities cannot be resold to the public unless they have been
registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption, such as Rule
144A.
Such
securities are commonly known as “144A securities” and may only be resold under
certain circumstances to other institutional buyers. 144A securities frequently
trade in an active secondary market. As a result of the resale restrictions on
144A securities, there is a greater risk that they will become illiquid than
securities registered with the SEC. Although securities which may be resold only
to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with the provisions of Rule
144A under the Securities Act are technically considered “restricted
securities,” the Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities without regard to the
limitation on investments in illiquid securities described in the “Illiquid
Securities” section, provided that a determination is made that such securities
are not determined to be illiquid under the liquidity risk management programs
of the Trust and the Adviser applicable to the Fund.
The
Fund may also purchase certain commercial paper issued in reliance on the
exemption from registration in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (“4(a)(2)
Paper”).
Section
4(2) commercial paper is a short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation to
institutional and other accredited investors in a transaction or series of
transactions exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act.
The Adviser will determine the liquidity of Rule 144A securities and 4(a)(2)
Paper under the supervision of the Board of Trustees.
The
liquidity of Rule 144A securities and 4(a)(2) Paper will be monitored by the
Adviser, and if as a result of changed conditions it is determined that a Rule
144A security or 4(a)(2) Paper is no longer liquid, the Fund’s holdings of
illiquid securities will be reviewed to determine
what,
if any, action is required to assure that the Fund does not exceed its
applicable percentage limitation for investments in illiquid
securities.
Please
refer to the “Illiquid Securities” section for further discussion of regulatory
considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity.
Making
of Loans to Issuers of Bonds Already In the Portfolio (Municipal
Bond Fund only)
As
a non-principal investment strategy, with respect to no more than 5% of the
Municipal Bond Fund’s net assets, the Municipal Bond Fund may make a loan to (as
opposed to investing in a bond issued by) an entity whose bonds the Fund already
owns in its portfolio, in instances where the Adviser believes that doing so
will enhance the value of the Fund’s total investments (both bonds and loans) in
obligations of that entity. Typically, such loans will be made to entities
suffering severe economic distress. The Municipal Bond Fund will make loans to
such entities when, in the Adviser’s belief, a loan may enable the entity to
remain a “going concern” and enable the entity to both repay the loan as well as
be better able to pay interest and principal on the pre-existing bonds, instead
of forcing the Fund to liquidate the entity’s assets, which can reduce recovery
value.
When
an entity that has issued bonds held in the Municipal Bond Fund’s portfolio is
identified as severely distressed and potentially in need of a loan, the
Municipal Bond Fund’s portfolio managers, along with the Adviser’s municipal
investment committee, will conduct a review to determine whether a loan to the
entity would increase the likelihood of payment of interest and principal on the
bonds in the Municipal Bond Fund’s portfolio. Such review may include, but is
not limited to, an analysis of relevant issues driving the change in the
issuer’s credit quality, the price of the security, and all identified options
to restore the issuer’s credit health.
Other
Investment Companies
The
Funds may invest in other investment companies, including exchange traded funds
(“ETFs”) and money market funds. A
Fund
may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from
Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other
registered funds, including ETFs, if the Fund satisfies certain conditions
specified in the Rule, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its
advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired
fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an
acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment
company).
The
Funds may also rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act with respect to their
investments in other investment companies. A Fund’s investments in money market
mutual funds may be used for cash management purposes and to maintain liquidity
in order to satisfy redemption requests or pay unanticipated expenses. Section
12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act precludes the Fund from acquiring (i) more than 3% of
the total outstanding shares of another investment company; (ii) shares of
another investment company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the
value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) shares of another registered
investment company and all other investment companies having an aggregate value
in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. However, Section
12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)
shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by a Fund if: (i)
immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total
outstanding shares of such investment company is owned by the Fund and all
affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund has not offered or sold, and
is not proposing to offer or sell its shares through a principal underwriter or
otherwise at a public or offering price that includes a sales load of more than
1 1/2%.
When
the Funds invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, it will bear
additional expenses based on its pro rata share of the other investment
company’s operating expenses, including the potential duplication of management
fees. The risk of
owning
another investment company generally reflects the risks of owning the underlying
investments the other investment company holds. The Funds also will incur
brokerage costs when they purchase and sell investment company shares. ETFs may
trade at a discount or premium to NAV. There can be no assurance that an active
trading market for an ETF’s shares will exist. There are greater risks involved
in investing in
securities with limited market liquidity.
ETFs
Each
share of an ETF represents an undivided ownership interest in the portfolio of
securities held by that ETF. An ETF is an investment company that offers
investors a proportionate share in a portfolio of stocks, bonds, commodities,
currencies or other securities. Like individual equity securities, ETFs are
traded on a stock exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the
day.
Passive
ETFs attempt to achieve the same investment return as that of a particular
market index. To mirror the performance of a market index, an ETF invests either
in all of the securities in a particular index in the same proportion that is
represented in the index itself or in a representative sample of securities in a
particular index in a proportion meant to track the performance of the entire
index. Such ETFs generally do not buy or sell securities, except to the extent
necessary to conform their portfolios to the corresponding index. Because such
ETFs have operating expenses and transaction costs, while a market index does
not, they typically will be unable to match the performance of the index
exactly. Alternatively, some ETFs use active investment strategies instead of
tracking broad market indices and, as a result, may incur greater operating
expenses and transactions costs than traditional ETFs. Investments in ETFs are
investments in other investment companies. (See “Other Investment Companies,”
above.)
ETFs
generally do not sell or redeem their shares for cash, and most investors do not
purchase or redeem shares directly from an ETF at all. Instead, the ETF issues
and redeems its shares in large blocks called
“creation
units.” Creation units are issued to anyone who deposits a specified portfolio
of the ETF’s underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to
accumulated dividends on the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of
deposit, and creation units are redeemed in kind for a portfolio of the
underlying securities (based on the ETF’s NAV) together with a cash payment
generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Most ETF
investors, however, purchase and sell ETF shares in the secondary trading market
on a securities exchange, in lots of any size, at any time during the trading
day. ETF investors generally must pay a brokerage fee for each purchase or sale
of ETF shares, including purchases made to reinvest dividends.
Because
ETF shares are created from the securities of an underlying portfolio and can be
redeemed into the securities of an underlying portfolio on any day, arbitrage
traders may move to profit from any discrepancies between the market price of
the ETF’s shares in the secondary market and the NAV per share of the ETF’s
portfolio, which helps to close the price gap between the two. Of course,
because of the forces of supply and demand and other market factors, there may
be times when an ETF share trades at a premium or discount to its
NAV.
A
Fund will invest in ETF shares only if the ETF is registered as an investment
company under the 1940 Act (see “Other Investment Companies,” above). If an ETF
in which a Fund invests ceases to be a registered investment company, the Fund
will dispose of the securities of the ETF as soon as practicable while trying to
maximize the return to the Fund’s shareholders.
Furthermore,
in connection with its investment in ETF shares, a Fund will incur various
costs. The Funds may also realize capital gains when ETF shares are sold, and
the purchase and sale of the ETF shares may include a brokerage commission that
may result in costs. In addition, the Funds are subject to other fees as an
investor in ETFs. Generally, those
fees
include, but are not limited to, director/trustee fees, operating expenses,
licensing fees, registration fees and marketing expenses, each of which will be
reflected in the NAV of ETFs and therefore the shares representing a beneficial
interest therein.
There
is a risk that the underlying ETFs in which a Fund invests may terminate due to
extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs,
such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their
obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Funds may invest are
each granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining
their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may
terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may
terminate if its entire NAV falls below a certain amount.
Equity
Securities
The
Funds may invest in equity securities, including common and preferred stock, as
a non- principal investment strategy. An equity security (such as a stock,
partnership interest or other beneficial interest in an issuer) represents a
proportionate share of the ownership of a company. The value of an equity
security is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to
stockholders, the value of its assets and general market conditions. Common
stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. Preferred stocks
are equity securities that often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a
preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of
assets.
Some
preferred stocks may be convertible into common stock. More information
regarding common stock and preferred stock is included below.
Common
Stock
A
common stock represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company and
its value is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to
stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. In
addition to
the
general risks set forth above, investments in common stocks are subject to the
risk that in the event a company in which a Fund invests is liquidated, the
holders of preferred stock and creditors of that company will be paid in full
before any payments are made to the Fund as holders of common stock and it is
possible that all assets of that company will be exhausted before any payments
are made to the Fund.
Preferred
Stocks
Preferred
stocks pay fixed or floating dividends to investors and have “preference” over
common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of an issuer’s
assets. This means that an issuer must pay dividends on preferred stocks before
paying any dividends on its common stock. Some preferred stocks offer a fixed
rate of return with no maturity date. Because those preferred stocks never
mature, they trade like long-term bonds, can be more volatile than other types
of preferred stocks and may have heightened sensitivity to changes in interest
rates. Other preferred stocks have variable dividends, generally determined on a
quarterly or other periodic basis, either according to a formula based upon a
specified premium or discount to the yield on particular U.S. Treasury
securities or based on an auction process involving bids submitted by holders
and prospective purchasers of such securities.
Because
preferred stocks represent equity ownership interest in an issuer, their value
usually will react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual
or perceived changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects or to
fluctuations in the equity markets. Preferred stockholders usually have no
voting rights or their voting rights are limited to certain extraordinary
transactions or events.
Temporary
Strategies; Cash or Similar Investments
For
temporary defensive purposes, the Adviser may invest up to 100% of a Fund’s
total assets in high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market
instruments. These short-term debt securities and money
market
instruments include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates
of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase
agreements. Taking a temporary defensive position may result in a Fund not
achieving its investment objective. Furthermore, to the extent that a Fund
invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some
duplication of expenses because the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of such
money market funds’ management fees and operational expenses.
For
longer periods of time, a Fund may hold a substantial cash position. If the
market advances during periods when a Fund is holding a large cash position, the
Fund may not participate to the extent it would have if the Fund had been more
fully invested, and this may result in a Fund not achieving its investment
objective during that period. To the extent that a Fund uses a money market fund
for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the
Fund would bear its pro rata portion of such money market fund’s advisory fees
and operational expenses.
A
Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Money
Market Mutual Funds
A
Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management
of daily cash positions or as a temporary defensive measure. Generally, money
market mutual funds seek to earn income consistent with the preservation of
capital and maintenance of liquidity. They primarily invest in high quality
money market obligations, including securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, bank obligations and
high-grade corporate instruments. These investments generally mature within 397
days from the date of purchase. An investment in a money market mutual fund is
not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation or any government agency. A Fund’s investments in money
market mutual funds may be used for cash management purposes and to
maintain
liquidity in order to satisfy redemption requests or pay unanticipated
expenses.
Your
cost of investing in a Fund will generally be higher than the cost of investing
directly in the underlying money market mutual fund shares. You will indirectly
bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying money market mutual funds in
addition to a Fund’s direct fees and expenses. Furthermore, the use of this
strategy could affect the timing, amount and character of distributions to you
and therefore may increase the amount of taxes payable by you.
Bank
Certificates of Deposit, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits
Each
Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
monies deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning
a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances acquired by a Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
Domestic
banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with
respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates
that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry
depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of
financing lending operations under
prevailing
money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to
credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an
important part in the operations of the banking industry.
As
a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are, among
other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited in the
amount which they can loan to a single borrower and subject to other regulations
designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and regulations do
not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that a Fund may
acquire.
In
addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, to the
extent permitted under the investment objective and policies stated above and in
the Prospectus, the Funds may make interest-bearing time or other interest-
bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are
non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified
period of time at a specified interest rate.
Savings
Association Obligations
The
Funds may invest in certificates of deposit (interest-bearing time deposits)
issued by savings banks or savings and loan associations that have capital,
surplus and undivided profits in excess o $100 million, based on latest
published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such
obligations is fully insured by the U.S. Government.
Commercial
Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations
The
Funds may invest a portion of their assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial
paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase
“A-2” or higher by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”), “Prime-1”
or “Prime-2” by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or similarly rated
by another nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (“NRSRO”) or,
if unrated, will be determined by the Adviser to be of comparable
quality.
Corporate
obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to finance
longer-term credit needs than would otherwise be supported by commercial paper.
While such obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Funds
may purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year
or less from the date of purchase and which are rated “A” or higher by S&P
or “A” or higher by Moody’s.
Borrowing
The
Multisector Bond Fund (and the Total Return Bond Fund and the Municipal Bond
Fund as a non-principal investment strategy) may borrow money for investment
purposes, which is a form of leveraging, to the extent permitted by the 1940
Act. Leveraging investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a
speculative technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment
opportunity. Leverage will magnify changes in a Fund’s net asset value and on
the Fund’s investments. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed,
a Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is
outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for the Funds. To the
extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds
the interest a Fund will have to pay, the Fund’s net income will be greater than
it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets
obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging,
the net income of a Fund will be less than it would be if leverage were not
used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as
dividends will be reduced. The use of derivatives in
connection
with leverage creates the potential for significant loss.
The
Funds may also borrow funds to meet redemptions or for other emergency purposes.
Such borrowings may be on a secured or unsecured basis at fixed or variable
rates of interest. The 1940 Act precludes a Fund from borrowing if, as a result
of such borrowing, the total amount of all money borrowed by the Fund exceeds 33
1/3% of the value of its total assets (that is, total assets including
borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) at the time of such
borrowings. This means that the 1940 Act requires a Fund to maintain continuous
asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. If such
asset coverage should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or
other reasons, a Fund may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio
holdings within three days in order to reduce the Fund’s debt and restore the
300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment
standpoint to dispose of assets at that time.
A
Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection
with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of
credit. Either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over
the stated interest rate.
Borrowing
by a Fund creates an opportunity for increased net income, but at the same time,
creates special risk considerations. For example, leveraging may exaggerate the
effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a
Fund’s portfolio.
Illiquid
Securities
In
accordance with Rule 22e-4 (the “Liquidity Rule”) under the 1940 Act, each Fund
may invest up to 15% of its net assets in “illiquid investments” that are
assets. For these purposes, “illiquid investments” are investments that cannot
reasonably be expected to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in
seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition
significantly
changing the market value of the investment. Under the supervision of the Board,
the Adviser determines the liquidity of a Fund’s investment subject to
guidelines as set fort in the Fund’s liquidity risk management
program.
Each
portfolio investment must be classified at least monthly into one of four
liquidity categories (highly liquid, moderately liquid, less liquid and
illiquid), which are defined pursuant to the Liquidity Rule. Such classification
is to be made using information obtained after reasonable inquiry and taking
into account relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations.
Moreover, in making such classification determinations, a Fund determines
whether trading varying portions of a position in a particular portfolio
investment or asset class, in sizes that the Fund would reasonably anticipate
trading, is reasonably expected to significantly affect its liquidity, and if
so, the Fund takes this determination into account when classifying the
liquidity of that investment. The Funds may be assisted in classification
determinations by one or more third-party service providers. Assets classified
according to this process as “illiquid investments” are those subject to the 15%
limit on illiquid investments.
Cybersecurity
With
the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the
Funds are susceptible to operational, information security, and related risks.
In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional
events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized
access to digital systems (e.g.,
through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating
assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational
disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not
require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks
on websites (i.e.,
efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber incidents
affecting the Funds or their service providers have the ability to cause
disruptions
and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses,
interference with the Funds’ ability to calculate its net asset value (“NAV”),
impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business,
violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties,
reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional
compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents
affecting issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, counterparties with
which the Funds engage in transactions, governmental and other regulatory
authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers,
dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions (including
financial intermediaries and service providers for shareholders) and other
parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any
cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds’ service providers have
established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management
systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such
plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been
identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and
systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose
operations may affect the Funds or their shareholders. As a result, the Funds
and their shareholders could be negatively impacted.
Investment
Restrictions
Fundamental
Investment Restrictions
The
Trust (on behalf of the Funds) has adopted the following restrictions as
fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of
the holders of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund, as
defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the vote of the holders of a
“majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of
the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of a Fund represented at a meeting at which
the holders of more than
50%
of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the
outstanding shares of a Fund.
The
Total Return Bond Fund and the Municipal Bond Fund may not:
1.issue
senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) a Fund may
borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its total assets
(including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit a
Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales in accordance with its
objectives and strategies;
2.underwrite
the securities of other issuers (except that a Fund may engage in transactions
involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities
under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the
Securities Act); or
3.purchase
or sell real estate or interests in real estate, unless acquired as a result of
ownership of securities (although a Fund may purchase and sell securities which
are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in
real estate);
4.purchase
or sell commodities or commodities contracts, unless acquired as a result of
ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction
does not prevent a Fund from engaging in transactions involving currencies and
futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities or other
instruments that are secured by commodities;
5.make
loans, except as permitted by the 1940 Act and as described in the Prospectus
and this SAI;
6.with
respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer
if, immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of a
Fund’s holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the
Fund’s total assets, or (b) a Fund
owns
more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer (this
restriction does not apply to investments in the securities of the U.S.
Government, or its agencies or instrumentalities, or other investment
companies);
7.invest
in the securities of any one industry if, as a result, 25% or more of a Fund’s
total assets would be invested in the securities of such industry, except that
the foregoing does not apply to a Fund’s investments in (a) municipal
securities, excluding industrial development bonds; or (b) securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or
securities of other investment companies(1).
In
addition to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions listed above, the Municipal
Bond Fund may not:
8.make
any changes to its policy of investing at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets in
investment-grade quality municipal securities that pay interest that is exempt
from regular federal income tax.
(1) For
purposes of complying with this restriction, municipal securities where payment
of principal and interest are primarily derived from the assets and revenues of
non-governmental entities are excluded from the definition of municipal
securities. In determining its compliance with the fundamental investment
restriction on concentration, the Fund will consider the underlying holdings,
where easily determined, of investment companies in which the Fund is
invested.
The
Multisector Bond Fund may not:
1.issue
senior securities or borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from
banks in amounts not exceeding one-third (33 1/3%) of its total assets
(including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit
the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales in accordance with
its objectives and strategies;
2.underwrite
the securities of other issuers (except that the Fund may engage in transactions
involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities
under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the
Securities Act); or
3.purchase
or sell real estate or interests in real estate, unless acquired as a result of
ownership of securities (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal
in real estate);
4.purchase
or sell commodities or commodities contracts, unless acquired as a result of
ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction
does not prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving currencies and
futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities or other
instruments that are secured by commodities;
5.make
loans, except as permitted by the 1940 Act and as described in the Prospectus
and this SAI;
6.with
respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer
if, immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the
Fund’s holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the
Fund’s total assets, or (b) the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding
voting securities of the issuer (this restriction does not apply to investments
in the securities of the U.S. Government, or its agencies or instrumentalities,
or other investment companies);
7.invest
in the securities of any one industry or group of industries if, as a result,
25% or more of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of
such industry or group of industries, except that the foregoing does not apply
to the Fund’s investments in (a) municipal securities, excluding industrial
development bonds;
or
(b) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies(1).
(1)
For
purposes of complying with this restriction, municipal securities where payment
of principal and interest are primarily derived from the assets and revenues of
non-governmental entities are excluded from the definition of municipal
securities. In determining its compliance with the fundamental investment
restriction on concentration, the Fund will consider the underlying holdings,
where easily determined, of investment companies in which the Fund is
invested.
Non-Fundamental
Investment Restrictions
The
following non-fundamental investment restrictions can be changed by the Board of
Trustees, but the change will only be effective after notice is given to
shareholders of the Funds.
The
Total Return Bond Fund and the Municipal Bond Fund may not:
1.invest
more than 15% of the value of its net assets, computed at the time of
investment, in illiquid securities(1);
and
The
Total Return Bond Fund
and Multisector Bond Fund may not:
2.make
any change in its investment policy of investing at least 80% of net assets in
investments suggested by the
Fund’s
name without first changing the Fund’s name and providing shareholders with at
least 60 days’ prior written notice.
(1)
The
term “illiquid security” is defined as a security that a Fund reasonably expects
cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar
days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market
value of the security.
Management
of the Funds
Board
of Trustees
The
management and affairs of the Funds are supervised by the Board of Trustees. The
Board of Trustees consists of seven individuals. The Trustees are fiduciaries
for the Funds’ shareholders and are governed by the laws of the State of
Delaware in this regard. The Board of Trustees establishes policies for the
operation of the Funds and appoints the officers who conduct the daily business
of the Funds.
Trustees
and Officers
The
Trustees and the officers of the Trust are listed below with their addresses,
present positions with the Trust and principal occupations over at least the
last five years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Number
of Portfolios in the Trust Overseen by Trustee |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Independent
Trustees |
Michael
D. Akers, Ph.D. 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of
Birth: 1955 |
Trustee |
Indefinite
Term; Since August 22, 2001 |
31 |
Professor
Emeritus, Department of Accounting (June 2019-present), Professor,
Department of Accounting (2004-2019), Marquette University.
|
Independent
Trustee, USA MUTUALS (an open-end investment company)
(2001-2021).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Number
of Portfolios in the Trust Overseen by Trustee |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Gary
A. Drska 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1956 |
Trustee |
Indefinite
Term; Since August 22, 2001 |
31 |
Retired;
Former Pilot, Frontier/Midwest Airlines, Inc. (airline company)
(1986-2021).
|
Independent
Trustee, USA MUTUALS (an open-end investment company)
(2001-2021).
|
Vincent
P. Lyles 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1961 |
Trustee |
Indefinite
Term; Since April 6, 2022 |
31 |
Executive
Director, Milwaukee Succeeds (education advocacy organization)
(2023-present); System Vice President of Community Relations, Advocate
Aurora Health Care (health care provider) (2019-2022); President and Chief
Executive Officer, Boys & Girls Club of Greater Milwaukee
(2012-2018).
|
Independent
Director, BMO Funds, Inc. (an open-end investment company)
(2017-2022). |
Erik
K. Olstein 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1967 |
Trustee
|
Indefinite
Term; Since April 6, 2022 |
31 |
Retired;
President and Chief Operating Officer (2000-2020), Vice President of Sales
and Chief Operating Officer (1995-2000), Olstein Capital Management, L.P.
(asset management firm); Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, The Olstein
Funds (1995-2018).
|
Trustee,
The Olstein Funds (an open-end investment company)
(1995-2018). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Number
of Portfolios in the Trust Overseen by Trustee |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Lisa
Zúñiga Ramírez 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of
Birth: 1969 |
Trustee
|
Indefinite
Term; Since April 6, 2022 |
31 |
Retired;
Principal and Senior Portfolio Manager, Segall, Bryant & Hamill, LLC
(asset management firm) (2018-2020); Partner and Senior Portfolio Manager,
Denver Investments LLC (asset management firm) (2009-2018).
|
Director,
Peoples Financial Services Corp. (a publicly-traded bank holding company)
(2022-present). |
Gregory
M. Wesley 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1969 |
Trustee
|
Indefinite
Term; Since April 6, 2022 |
31 |
Senior
Vice President of Strategic Alliances and Business Development, Medical
College of Wisconsin (2016-present).
|
N/A |
Interested
Trustee and Officers |
John
P. Buckel* 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1957 |
Chairperson,
Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer
|
Indefinite
Term; Chairperson and Trustee (since January 19, 2023); President and
Principal Executive Officer (since January 24, 2013)
|
31 |
Vice
President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2004-present).
|
N/A |
Jennifer
A. Lima 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1974 |
Vice
President, Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer
|
Indefinite
Term; Since January 24, 2013 |
N/A |
Vice
President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2002-present). |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Number
of Portfolios in the Trust Overseen by Trustee |
Principal
Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Deanna
B. Marotz 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1965 |
Chief
Compliance Officer, Vice President and Anti-Money Laundering
Officer |
Indefinite
Term; Since October 21, 2021 |
N/A |
Senior
Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2021-present); Chief
Compliance Officer, Keeley-Teton Advisors, LLC and Teton Advisors, Inc
(2017-2021).
|
N/A |
Jay
S. Fitton 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1970 |
Secretary |
Indefinite
Term; Since July 22, 2019 |
N/A |
Vice
President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2019-present); Partner,
Practus, LLP (2018-2019).
|
N/A |
Kelly
A. Strauss 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1987
|
Assistant
Treasurer |
Indefinite
Term; Since April 23, 2015 |
N/A |
Assistant
Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(2011-present).
|
N/A |
Laura
A. Carroll 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1985
|
Assistant
Treasurer |
Indefinite
Term; Since August 20, 2018 |
N/A |
Assistant
Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(2007-present).
|
N/A |
Shannon
Coyle 615 E. Michigan St. Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of Birth:
1990 |
Assistant
Treasurer |
Indefinite
Term; Since August 26, 2022 |
N/A |
Officer,
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2015-present). |
N/A |
*Mr.
Buckel is deemed to be an “interested person” of the Trust as defined by the
1940 Act due to his position and material business relationship with the
Trust.
Role
of the Board
The
Board of Trustees provides oversight of the management and operations of the
Trust. Like all funds, the day-to-day responsibility for the management and
operation of the Trust is the responsibility of various service providers to the
Trust and its individual series, such as the Adviser, Distributor, Custodian,
and the Funds’ administrator and transfer agent, each of
which
are discussed in greater detail in this SAI. The Board approves all significant
agreements with the Adviser, Distributor, Custodian, and the Funds’
administrator and transfer agent. The Board has appointed various individuals of
certain of these service providers as officers of the Trust, with responsibility
to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s day-to-day operations. In
conducting this oversight, the
Board
receives regular reports from these officers and service providers regarding the
Trust’s operations. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”)
who reports directly to the Board and who administers the Trust’s compliance
program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters, including
an annual compliance review. Some of these reports are provided as part of
formal Board meetings, which are generally held five times per year, and at such
other times as the Board determines is necessary, and involve the Board’s review
of recent Trust operations. From time to time, one or more members of the Board
may also meet with Trust officers in less formal settings, between formal Board
meetings, to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the
Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of
the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the
Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or
activities.
Board
Leadership Structure
The
Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform
its oversight function effectively. The Board is composed of six Independent
Trustees – Dr. Michael D. Akers, Gary A. Drska, Vincent P. Lyles, Erik K.
Olstein, Lisa Zúñiga Ramírez and Gregory M. Wesley – and one Trustee who is an
“interested person” (as defined by the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the “Interested
Trustee”) – John P. Buckel. Accordingly, more than 85% of the members of the
Board are Independent Trustees, Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser
or its affiliates, or any other investment adviser or service provider to the
Trust or any underlying fund. The Board of Trustees has established two standing
committees, an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee, which are discussed
in greater detail under “Board Committees” below. Each of the Audit Committee
and the Nominating Committee is composed entirely of Independent Trustees. The
Independent Trustees have engaged their own independent counsel to advise them
on matters relating to their responsibilities in connection with the
Trust.
The
Trust’s Chairperson, Mr. Buckel, is deemed to be an “interested person” of the
Trust, as defined by the 1940 Act, due to his position and material business
relationship with the Trust. Mr. Buckel also serves as a Vice President of U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
(“Fund Services”), the Funds’ administrator. The Trust has not appointed a lead
Independent Trustee.
In
accordance with the fund governance standards prescribed under the 1940 Act, the
Independent Trustees on the Nominating Committee select and nominate all
candidates for Independent Trustee positions. Each Trustee was appointed to
serve on the Board of Trustees because of his or her experience, qualifications,
attributes and skills as set forth in the subsection “Trustee Qualifications”
below.
The
Board reviews its structure regularly in light of the characteristics and
circumstances of the Trust, including the unaffiliated nature of each investment
adviser and the funds managed by such adviser; the number of funds that comprise
the Trust; the variety of asset classes that those funds reflect; the net assets
of the Trust; the committee structure of the Trust; and the independent
distribution arrangements of each of the Trust’s underlying funds.
The
Board has determined that the function and composition of the Audit Committee
and the Nominating Committee are appropriate to address any potential conflicts
of interest that may arise from the Chairperson’s status as an Interested
Trustee. In addition, the inclusion of all Independent Trustees as members of
the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee allows these Trustees to
participate in the full range of the Board’s oversight duties, including
oversight of risk management processes discussed below. Given the specific
characteristics and circumstances of the Trust as described above, the Trust has
determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate.
Board
Oversight of Risk Management
As
part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk
management reports and assessments and discusses these matters with appropriate
management and other personnel, including personnel of the Trust’s service
providers. Because risk management is a broad concept composed of many elements
(such as, for example, investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance
risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.) the oversight of
different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the CCO
regularly reports to the Board during Board meetings and meets in executive
session with the Independent Trustees and their legal counsel to discuss
compliance and operational risks. In addition, the Independent Trustee
designated as the Audit Committee’s “audit committee financial expert” meets
with the Treasurer and the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm
to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s
financial reporting function. The full Board receives reports from the
investment advisers to the underlying funds and the portfolio managers as to
investment risks as well as other risks that may be discussed during Audit
Committee meetings.
Trustee
Qualifications
The
Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience,
attributes and skills appropriate to his or her continued service as a Trustee
of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. The Trustees have
substantial business and professional backgrounds that indicate they have the
ability to critically review, evaluate and assess information provided to them.
Certain of these business and professional experiences are set forth in detail
in the table above. In addition, the Trustees have substantial board experience
and, in their service to the Trust, have gained substantial insight as to the
operation of the Trust. The Board annually conducts a “self-assessment” wherein
the effectiveness of the Board and the individual Trustees is
reviewed.
In
addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain
additional information concerning each individual Trustee. The information
provided below, and in the table above, is not all-inclusive. Many of the
Trustees’ qualifications to serve on the Board involve intangible elements, such
as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together, the
ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, the
ability to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests. In
conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the
Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to continue to serve
effectively as Trustees of the Trust.
Michael
D. Akers, Ph.D., CPA.
Dr. Akers has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust since 2001. Dr.
Akers previously served as an independent trustee of USA Mutuals, an open-end
investment company, from 2001 to June 2021. Dr. Akers has been a Professor
Emeritus, Department of Accounting at Marquette University since June 2019, was
Professor, Department of Accounting at Marquette University from 2004 to May
2019, was Chair of the Department of Accounting at Marquette University from
2004 to 2017, and was Associate Professor, Department of Accounting at Marquette
University from 1996 to 2004. Dr. Akers is a certified public accountant, a
certified fraud examiner, a certified internal auditor and a certified
management accountant. Through his experience as an investment company trustee
and his employment experience, Dr. Akers is experienced with financial,
accounting, regulatory and investment matters.
Gary
A. Drska.
Mr. Drska has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust since 2001. Mr.
Drska previously served as an independent trustee of USA Mutuals from 2001 to
June 2021. Mr. Drska previously served as a Pilot of Frontier/Midwest Airlines,
Inc., an airline company, from 1986 to September 2021. Through his experience as
an investment company
trustee,
Mr. Drska is experienced with financial, accounting, regulatory and investment
matters.
Vincent
P. Lyles. Mr.
Lyles has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust since 2022. Mr. Lyles
has served as Executive Director of Milwaukee Succeeds since January 2023. He
previously served as System Vice President of Community Relations at Advocate
Aurora Health Care from 2019 to 2022. He served as an Independent Director of
BMO Funds, Inc., an open-end investment company, from 2017 to 2022. Mr. Lyles is
a board member and finance committee member of Badger Mutual Insurance Company
and a Trustee and member of the Committee of Student Experience & Mission on
the Board of Trustees at Marquette University. Mr. Lyles previously served as
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Boys & Girls Club of Greater
Milwaukee from 2012 to 2018, President of M&I Community Development
Corporation from 2006 to 2011, and as a Director of Public Finance of Robert W.
Baird & Co. from 1995 to 2006. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the
University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School in 1987. Through his experience as an
investment company trustee and his employment experience, Mr. Lyles is
experienced with legal, financial, accounting, regulatory and investment
matters.
Erik
K. Olstein. Mr.
Olstein has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust since 2022. Mr.
Olstein served as President and Chief Operating Officer from 2000 to 2020 and
Vice President of Sales and Chief Operating Officer from 1995 to 2000 at Olstein
Capital Management, L.P., an asset management firm he co-founded. During his
time at Olstein Capital Management, L.P., Mr. Olstein was responsible for
fiduciary oversight and management of The Olstein Funds, an open-end investment
company, where he served as Trustee, Secretary and Assistant Treasurer from 1995
to 2018. Mr. Olstein currently serves as President and Trustee of the Board of
Trustees
of the Trinity-Pawling School and has previously held Board positions with the
American Friends of the National Museum of the Royal Navy, National Maritime
Historical Society and U.S. Naval Service Personal Education Assistance Fund.
Through his experience as an investment company trustee and his employment
experience, Mr. Olstein is experienced with financial, accounting, regulatory
and investment matters.
Lisa
Zúñiga Ramírez, CFA®,
FSA.
Ms. Ramírez has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust since 2022. Ms.
Ramírez has served on the Board of Directors of Peoples Financial Services
Corp., a publicly-traded bank holding company, since 2022. Ms. Ramírez served as
Senior Portfolio Manager at Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC, an asset management
firm, from 2018 to 2020. She served as Partner and Senior Portfolio Manager from
2009 to 2018, Partner and Senior Equity Analyst from 2002 to 2009 and Equity
Analyst from 1997 to 2002 at Denver Investments, LLC, an asset management firm
that was acquired by Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC in 2018. Ms. Ramírez
currently serves as an Independent Director on the Bow River Capital Advisory
Board, an asset management firm, and is a Director of the Denver Employees
Retirement Plan. In addition, she serves on the boards of The Denver Foundation,
NACD (National Association of Corporate Directors) Colorado Chapter, Latinas
First Foundation and Vuela for Health. Ms. Ramírez is a CFA® charterholder
(CFA®
is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute) and holds the Fundamentals
of Sustainability Accounting (FSA) credential from the Sustainability Accounting
Standards Board. Through her employment experience, Ms. Ramírez is experienced
with financial, accounting, ESG (environmental, social and governance),
regulatory and investment matters.
Gregory
M. Wesley. Mr.
Wesley has served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust
since
2022. Mr. Wesley has served as Senior Vice President of Strategic Alliances and
Business Development at the Medical College of Wisconsin since 2016. Prior to
his current role at the Medical College of Wisconsin, he was a Partner at MWH
Law Group LLP, a law firm during 2016, and a Partner at Gonzalez, Saggio &
Harlan LLP, a law firm from 2002 to 2016. Mr. Wesley serves on the Board of
Directors of the Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce, MHS Health
Wisconsin, Versiti, Inc., and the Greater Milwaukee Committee. He also serves on
the Board of Trustees of the Johnson Foundation at Wingspread and the Greater
Milwaukee Foundation. He previously sat on the Board of Trustees of the Medical
College of Wisconsin from 2009 to 2016 and the Board of Directors of Park Bank
Milwaukee from 2015 to 2020. Mr. Wesley received his Juris Doctor degree from
the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School in 1997. Through his sustained
employment and board experience, Mr. Wesley is experienced with legal,
financial, accounting, regulatory and investment matters.
John
P. Buckel. Mr.
Buckel has served as a Trustee of the Trust since 2023 and has served as
President of the Trust since 2013. Mr. Buckel has served as a Vice President of
Fund Services, a multi-line service provider to investment companies, since
2004. Through his experience as an investment company trustee and his employment
experience, Mr. Buckel is experienced with financial, accounting, regulatory and
investment matters.
Trustee
Ownership of Fund Shares
As
of December 31, 2022, no Trustee or officer of the Trust beneficially owned
shares of the Funds or any other series of the Trust.
Furthermore,
as of December 31, 2022, neither the Trustees who are not “interested” persons
of the Funds, nor members of their immediate families, owned securities
beneficially, or of record, in the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their
affiliates.
Accordingly, neither the Trustees who are not “interested” persons of the Funds
nor members of their immediate families, have a direct or indirect interest, the
value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their
affiliates. In addition, during the two most recently completed calendar years,
neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate families have
had a direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000 in (i)
the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their affiliates, or (ii) any transaction
or relationship in which such entity, a Fund, any officer of the Trust, or any
of their affiliates was a party.
Board
Committees
Audit
Committee.
The Trust has an Audit Committee, which is composed of the Independent Trustees,
Dr. Michael D. Akers, Mr. Gary A. Drska, Mr. Vincent P. Lyles, Mr. Erik K.
Olstein, Ms. Lisa Zúñiga Ramírez and Mr. Gregory M. Wesley. The Audit Committee
reviews financial statements and other audit-related matters for the Funds. The
Audit Committee also holds discussions with management and with the Funds’
independent auditor concerning the scope of the audit and the auditor’s
independence. Dr. Akers is designated as the Audit Committee chairman and serves
as the Audit Committee’s “audit committee financial expert,” as stated in the
annual reports relating to the series of the Trust. During the past fiscal year,
the Audit Committee met twice with respect to the Funds.
Nominating
Committee.
The Trust has a Nominating Committee, which is composed of the Independent
Trustees, Dr. Michael D. Akers, Mr. Gary A. Drska, Mr. Vincent P. Lyles, Mr.
Erik K. Olstein, Ms. Lisa Zúñiga Ramírez and Mr. Gregory M. Wesley. The
Nominating Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for
consideration as nominees for the position of trustee and meets only as
necessary. As part of this process, the Nominating Committee considers criteria
for selecting candidates sufficient to identify a diverse
group
of qualified individuals to serve as trustees.
The
Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders for
vacancies on the Board of Trustees. Recommendations for consideration by the
Nominating Committee should be sent to the President of the Trust in writing
together with the appropriate biographical information concerning each such
proposed nominee, and such recommendation must comply with the notice provisions
set forth in the Trust’s Nominating Committee Charter. In general, to comply
with such procedures, such nominations, together with all required information,
must be delivered to and received by the President of the Trust at the principal
executive office of the Trust not later than 60 days prior to the shareholder
meeting at which any such nominee would be voted on. Shareholder recommendations
for nominations to the Board of Trustees will be accepted on an ongoing basis
and such
recommendations
will be kept on file for consideration when there is a vacancy on the Board of
Trustees. During the Funds’ past fiscal year, the Nominating Committee met
once.
Trustee
Compensation
The
Independent Trustees received from the Trust a retainer fee of
$65,000(1)
per year, $4,500 for each regular Board meeting attended and $1,000 for each
special Board meeting attended, as well as reimbursement for expenses incurred
in connection with attendance at Board meetings(2).
Members of the Audit Committee receive $2,000 for each meeting of the Audit
Committee attended. The chairman of the Audit Committee receives an annual
retainer of $5,000(3).
Interested Trustees do not receive any compensation for their service as
Trustee. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the Trustees received the
following compensation from the Funds:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Aggregate
Compensation(4)
From the |
Pension
or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated
Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation from the Funds and the Trust(5)
Paid
to Trustees |
Name
of Person/Position |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
Multi-sector
Bond Fund |
Dr.
Michael D. Akers,
Independent
Trustee(6)(7) |
$3,624 |
$3,624 |
$3,624 |
None |
None |
$88,000 |
Gary
A. Drska,
Independent
Trustee(7) |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
None |
None |
$84,250 |
Vincent
P. Lyles
Independent
Trustee(7) |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
None |
None |
$84,250 |
Erik
K. Olstein
Independent
Trustee(7) |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
None |
None |
$84,250 |
Lisa
Zúñiga Ramírez
Independent
Trustee(7) |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
None |
None |
$84,250 |
Gregory
M. Wesley
Independent
Trustee(7) |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
$3,464 |
None |
None |
$84,250 |
John
P. Buckel
Interested
Trustee(8) |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
(1) Effective
January 1, 2024, the annual retainer fee will increase to $100,000 for each
Independent Trustee.
(2) Prior
to January 1, 2023, the Independent Trustees received a retainer fee of $58,000
per year, and $4,500 for each regular Board meeting attended and $1,000 for each
special Board meeting attended.
(3) Prior
to January 1, 2023, the chairman of the Audit Committee received an annual
retainer of $2,500.
(4) Trustees’
fees and expenses are allocated among the Funds and any other series comprising
the Trust.
(5) There
are currently twenty-eight other series comprising the Trust.
(6) Audit
Committee member.
(7) Audit
Committee chairman.
(8) Appointed
as an Interested Trustee and Chairperson of the Trust effective January 19,
2023.
Control
Persons and Principal Shareholders
A
principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or
more of the outstanding shares of either Fund. A control person is one who owns
beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting
securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. A controlling
person possesses the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted for
shareholder
vote by the Funds. As of November 30, 2023, no person was a control person of a
Fund, and all Trustees and officers as a group owned beneficially (as defined in
Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) less than 1% of each share
class of each Fund.
As
of November 30, 2023, the following shareholders were considered to be principal
shareholders of the Funds:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return Bond Fund – Institutional Class Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905
|
The
Charles Schwab Corporation |
DE |
33.55% |
Record |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ
07310-1995
|
N/A |
N/A |
20.18% |
Record |
Raymond
James 880 Carillion Parkway St. Petersburg, FL
33716-1100
|
N/A |
N/A |
11.50% |
Record |
LPL
Financial 4707 Executive Drive San Diego, CA 92121-3091 |
N/A |
N/A |
8.86% |
Record |
UBS
WM USA 1000 Harbor Boulevard Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761
|
N/A |
N/A |
8.29% |
Record |
Morgan
Stanley Smith Barney LLC 1 New York Plaza, Floor 12 New York, NY
10004-1932
|
N/A |
N/A |
7.34% |
Record |
Pershing
LLC 1 Pershing Plaza, Floor 14 Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
N/A |
N/A |
5.38% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return Bond Fund – Class A Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Morgan
Stanley Smith Barney LLC 1 New York Plaza, Floor 12 New York, NY
10004-1932
|
Morgan
Stanley |
DE |
36.74% |
Record |
Raymond
James 880 Carillion Parkway St. Petersburg, FL
33716-1100
|
Raymond
James & Associates, Inc. |
FL |
35.55% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return Bond Fund – Class A Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
LPL
Financial 4707 Executive Drive San Diego, CA 92121-3091 |
N/A |
N/A |
8.46% |
Record |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905 |
N/A |
N/A |
7.30% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total
Return Bond Fund – Class C Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Morgan
Stanley Smith Barney LLC 1 New York Plaza, Floor 12 New York, NY
10004-1932
|
Morgan
Stanley |
DE |
50.53% |
Record |
Raymond
James 880 Carillion Parkway St. Petersburg, FL
33716-1100
|
Raymond
James & Associates, Inc. |
FL |
29.42% |
Record |
LPL
Financial 4707 Executive Drive San Diego, CA
92121-3091
|
N/A |
N/A |
11.51% |
Record |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905 |
N/A |
N/A |
6.42% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Municipal
Bond Fund – Institutional Class Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905
|
The
Charles Schwab Corporation |
DE |
32.79% |
Record |
Raymond
James 880 Carillion Parkway St. Petersburg, FL
33716-1100
|
N/A |
N/A |
21.04% |
Record |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ
07310-1995
|
N/A |
N/A |
20.80% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Municipal
Bond Fund – Institutional Class Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
UBS
WM USA 1000 Harbor Boulevard Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761
|
N/A |
N/A |
8.94% |
Record |
LPL
Financial 4707 Executive Drive San Diego, CA 92121-3091 |
N/A |
N/A |
7.68% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Municipal
Bond Fund – Class A Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905
|
The
Charles Schwab Corporation |
DE |
58.64% |
Record |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ
07310-1995
|
N/A |
N/A |
19.31% |
Record |
Raymond
James 880 Carillion Parkway St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100 |
N/A |
N/A |
16.16% |
Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Multisector
Bond Fund – Institutional Class Shares |
Name
and Address |
Parent
Company |
Jurisdiction |
%
Ownership |
Type
of Ownership |
Charles
Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA
94105-1905
|
The
Charles Schwab Corporation |
DE |
81.18% |
Record |
National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ
07310-1995
|
N/A |
N/A |
6.92% |
Record |
LPL
Financial 4707 Executive Drive San Diego, CA 92121-3091 |
N/A |
N/A |
5.04% |
Record |
Investment
Adviser
As
stated in the Prospectus, investment advisory services are provided to the Funds
by the Adviser, PT Asset Management, LLC (DBA: PTAM), pursuant to an investment
advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Adviser and the Trust
on behalf of the Funds. PTAM Holdings, LLC, an Illinois limited liability
holding company, is a control person of the Adviser.
The
Advisory Agreement continues in effect from year to year, only if such
continuance is specifically approved at least annually by: (i) the Board of
Trustees or the vote of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding voting securities;
and (ii) the vote of a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the
Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called
for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is
terminable without penalty by the Trust, on
behalf
of the Funds, upon 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser when authorized by
either: (i) a majority vote of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund; or
(ii) by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, or by the Adviser upon 60
days’ written notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement will automatically
terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The
Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser under such agreement shall not be
liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out
of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of portfolio
transactions for the Funds, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or
negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard
of its obligations and duties thereunder.
In
consideration of the services provided by the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory
Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to receive from the Funds a management fee
computed daily and paid monthly, based on a rate equal to 0.40% of the Municipal
Bond Fund’s average daily net assets, 0.60% of the Total Return Bond Fund’s
average daily net assets, and 0.80% of the Multisector Bond Fund’s average daily
net assets, as specified in the Prospectus. However, the Adviser may voluntarily
agree to waive a portion of the management fees payable to it on a
month-to-month basis, including additional fees above and beyond any contractual
agreement the Adviser may have to waive management fees and/or reimburse Fund
expenses.
Fund
Expenses
Each
Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. However, pursuant to an
operating expense limitation agreement between the Adviser and the Trust, the
Adviser has agreed to reduce management fees payable to it by the Funds and/or
to pay Fund operating expenses to the extent
necessary
to limit the Funds’ aggregate annual operating expenses (exclusive of any
front-end or contingent deferred loads, Rule 12b-1 plan fees, shareholder
servicing plan fees, taxes, leverage (i.e.,
any expenses incurred in connection with borrowings made by a Fund), interest
(including interest incurred in connection with bank and custody overdrafts),
brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses, expenses incurred in
connection with any merger or reorganization, dividends or interest on short
positions, acquired fund fees and expenses or extraordinary expenses such as
litigation) to 0.95% of the average daily net assets of the Total Return Bond
Fund, 0.55% of the average daily net assets of the Municipal Bond Fund and 0.99%
of the average daily net assets of the Multisector Bond Fund through at least
December 29, 2024. The Adviser may request recoupment of previously waived fees
and paid expenses from a Fund for up to three years from the date such fees and
expenses were waived or paid, subject to the operating expense limitation
agreement, if such reimbursements will not cause the Fund’s expense ratio, after
recoupment has been take into account, to exceed the lesser of: (1) the expense
limitation in place at the time of the waiver and/or expense payment; or (2) the
expense limitation in place at the time of the recoupment. Any such
reimbursement is also contingent upon the Board of Trustees’ subsequent review
and ratification of the reimbursed amounts.
The
table below sets forth, for the fiscal periods/years ended August 31, 2023, 2022
and 2021, the advisory fees accrued by the Funds under the Advisory Agreement,
the amount of the advisory fees waived or recouped by the Adviser, and the total
advisory fees paid by the Funds to the Adviser under the Advisory
Agreement:
Total
Return Bond Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fiscal
Year Ended |
Advisory
Fee |
(Waiver)/
Recoupment |
Advisory
Fee after (Waiver)/Recoupment |
August
31, 2023 |
$31,619,811 |
$0 |
$31,619,811 |
August
31, 2022 |
$37,731,112 |
$0 |
$37,731,112 |
August
31, 2021 |
$31,799,241 |
$0 |
$31,799,241 |
Municipal
Bond Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fiscal
Year Ended |
Advisory
Fee |
(Waiver)/
Recoupment |
Advisory
Fee after (Waiver)/Recoupment |
August
31, 2023 |
$2,508,229 |
$0 |
$2,508,229 |
August
31, 2022 |
$3,408,100 |
$0 |
$3,408,100 |
August
31, 2021 |
$2,880,562 |
$121,011 |
$3,001,573 |
Multisector
Bond Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fiscal
Year/Period Ended |
Advisory
Fee |
(Waiver)/
Recoupment |
Advisory
Fee after (Waiver)/Recoupment |
August
31, 2023 |
$675,553 |
($57,546) |
$618,007 |
August
31, 2022 |
$322,295 |
($81,663) |
$240,632 |
August
31, 2021(1) |
$55,519 |
($102,789) |
($47,270) |
(1) The
inception date for the Fund was December 31, 2020 and investment operations
commenced on January 4, 2021.
Portfolio
Managers
As
stated in the Prospectus, Anthony J. Harris and G. Michael Plaiss are the Senior
Portfolio Managers for the Total Return Bond Fund and Mark Peiler and Lars
Anderson are the Portfolio Managers for the Total Return Bond Fund, G. Michael
Plaiss is the Senior Portfolio Manager for the Municipal Bond Fund and Mark
Peiler is the Portfolio Manager for the Municipal Bond Fund, and Anthony J.
Harris and G. Michael Plaiss are the Senior Portfolio Managers for the
Multisector Bond Fund and Lars Anderson and Michael Isroff are the Portfolio
Managers for the Multisector Bond Fund (collectively, the “Portfolio Managers”).
Mr. Harris, Mr. Plaiss, Mr. Peiler and Mr.
Anderson
are jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Total Return Bond
Fund’s investment portfolio. Mr. Plaiss and Mr. Peiler are jointly responsible
for the day-to-day management of the Municipal Bond Fund’s investment portfolio.
Mr. Harris, Mr. Plaiss, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Isroff are jointly responsible for
the day-to-day management of the Multisector Bond Fund’s investment
portfolio.
Other
Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
The
following provides information regarding other accounts managed by the Portfolio
Managers as of August 31, 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Category
of Account |
Total
Number of Accounts Managed |
Total
Assets in Accounts Managed |
Number
of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
Assets
in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
|
|
|
| |
Anthony
J. Harris |
|
|
| |
Other
Registered Investment Companies |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Accounts |
1 |
$13,026,567 |
0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
| |
G.
Michael Plaiss |
|
|
| |
Other
Registered Investment Companies |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Accounts |
2 |
$13,431,466 |
0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
| |
Lars
Anderson |
|
|
| |
Other
Registered Investment Companies |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Accounts |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
| |
Mark
Peiler |
|
|
| |
Other
Registered Investment Companies |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Accounts |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
| |
Michael
Isroff |
|
|
| |
Other
Registered Investment Companies |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Other
Accounts |
0 |
$0 |
0 |
$0 |
Material
Conflicts of Interest
The
Portfolio Managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential
conflicts of interest in connection with the management of the Funds’
investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the
other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Funds.
Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the
identical investment objectives, whereby the Portfolio Managers could favor one
account over another. Another potential
conflict
could include the Portfolio Managers’ knowledge about the size, timing and
possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby the Portfolio Managers could use
this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of
the Funds. However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to
ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages
are fairly and equitably allocated.
Portfolio
Manager Compensation
The
Adviser compensates the Portfolio Managers for their management of the Funds.
Portfolio Managers are compensated with a cash salary based on industry
standards, and a discretionary bonus. The bonus incentives are tied primarily to
investment performance and related goals.
Ownership
of Securities in the Funds by the Portfolio Managers
As
of August 31, 2023, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned securities in the
Funds as shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Dollar
Range of Equity Securities in the Funds |
Name
of Portfolio Manager |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
Anthony
J. Harris |
$50,001
- $100,000 |
$10,001
- $50,000 |
$10,001
- $50,000 |
G.
Michael Plaiss |
$100,001
- $500,000 |
None |
None |
Lars
Anderson |
None |
None |
None |
Mark
Peiler |
$100,001
- $500,000 |
$10,001
- $50,000 |
$100,001
- $500,000 |
Michael
Isroff |
$50,001
- $100,000 |
None |
None |
Service
Providers
Fund
Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant
Pursuant
to a fund administration and servicing agreement (the “Administration
Agreement”) between the Trust and Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, Fund Services acts as the Funds’ administrator. Fund
Services provides certain administrative services to the Funds, including, among
other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with,
and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Funds’ independent
contractors and agents; preparing for signature by an officer of the Trust all
of the documents required to be filed for compliance by the Trust and the Funds
with applicable laws and regulations excluding those of the securities laws of
various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV
and yield; responding to shareholder inquiries; and arranging for the
maintenance of books and records of the Funds, and providing, at its own
expense, office
facilities,
equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity,
Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management
of the Funds, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter
pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares.
Pursuant
to the Administration Agreement, as compensation for its services, Fund Services
receives from the Funds a combined fee for fund administration and fund
accounting services based on a Fund’s current average daily net assets. Fund
Services is also entitled to be reimbursed for certain out-of-pocket expenses.
In addition to its role as administrator, Fund Services also acts as fund
accountant (“Fund Accountant”), transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”) and dividend
disbursing agent under separate agreements with the Trust.
For
the fiscal periods/years indicated below, the Funds paid the following fees to
Fund Services:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Administration
and Accounting Fee During Fiscal Periods/Years Ended August
31, |
| 2023 |
2022 |
2021 |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
$2,163,806 |
$2,196,061 |
$2,021,110 |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
$274,424 |
$326,023 |
$296,278 |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
$70,237 |
$23,277 |
$20,356(1) |
(1) The
inception date for the Fund was December 31, 2020 and investment operations
commenced on January 4, 2021.
Custodian
U.S.
Bank National Association (the “Custodian”), an affiliate of Fund Services, is
the custodian of the assets of the Funds pursuant to a custody agreement between
the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian provides for fees on a
transaction basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian has custody of all
assets and securities of each Fund, delivers and receives payments for
securities sold, receives and pays for securities purchased, collects income
from investments and performs other duties, as directed by the officers of the
Trust. The Custodian’s address is 1555 North River Center Drive, Suite 302,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. The Custodian does not participate in decisions
relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Funds. The Custodian and
its affiliates may participate in revenue sharing arrangements with service
providers of funds in which the Funds may invest.
Legal
Counsel
Godfrey
& Kahn S.C., 833 East Michigan Street, Suite 1800, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53202, serves as legal counsel to the Funds and the Independent
Trustees.
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
Cohen
& Company, Ltd. (“Cohen”), 342 North Water Street, Suite 830, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53202, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm of
the Funds. Cohen audits and reports on the Funds’ annual financial statements,
reviews certain regulatory reports and the Funds’ federal income tax returns,
and performs other auditing and tax services for the Funds when engaged to do
so.
Distribution
and Servicing of Fund Shares
The
Distributor
The
Trust and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside
Financial Group, LLC d/b/a ACA Group (the “Distributor”), are parties to a
distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts
as principal underwriter for the Funds and distributes shares of the Funds on a
best efforts basis. The principal business address of the Distributor is located
at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a
registered broker-dealer and is a member of FINRA. The Distributor is not
affiliated with the Funds, the Adviser, or any other service provider for the
Funds.
Under
a Distribution Agreement with the Funds, the Distributor acts as the agent of
the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The
Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis.
The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares.
The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment
policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold a Fund.
The
Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or
other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Funds. With
respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket”
platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the
Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial
intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may
receive
shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These
financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are
responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to
the Funds.
Investors
who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the
procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may
include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in
addition to, or different from, those listed herein.
Information
concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the
financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing
shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves
with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in
conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial
intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the
shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares
depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The
Distributor does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution
services
except
the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for
which a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan is effective. The Adviser pays the
Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
The
Distribution Agreement will continue in effect only if such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of
a Fund’s outstanding voting securities in accordance with the 1940 Act. The
Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of
the Funds on no less than 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a
vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund or by vote of
a majority of the members of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as
defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial
interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement, or by the Distributor,
and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in
the 1940 Act).
The
Distributor received the following underwriting commissions for Class A and
Class C shares of the following Funds during the last three fiscal years ended
August 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as applicable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
2023 |
2022 |
2021 |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
$67,858 |
$68,097 |
$143,847 |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
$5,106 |
$19,330 |
$39,253 |
The
Distributor retained the following underwriting commissions for Class A and
Class C shares of the following Funds during the last three fiscal years ended
August 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
2023(1) |
2022(1) |
2021(1) |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
$7,303 |
$6,864 |
$15,546 |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
$534 |
$1,655 |
$4,835 |
(1) Commissions
retained by the Distributor for future use by the Adviser for
distribution-related expenses.
The
Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be liable for any
error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in
connection with the performance of the Distributor’s obligations and duties
under the Distribution Agreement, except a loss resulting from the Distributor’s
willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such
duties and obligations, or by reason of its reckless disregard
thereof.
Distribution
(Rule 12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Plan (Total Return Bond Fund and
Municipal Bond Fund)
The
Trust has adopted a distribution and shareholder servicing plan pursuant to Rule
12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Distribution Plan”) on behalf of the Total Return
Bond Fund and the Municipal Bond Fund. Under the Distribution Plan, each Fund,
as applicable, pays a fee to the Distributor for distribution and shareholder
services (the “Distribution Fee”) for Class A shares at an annual rate of 0.25%
of the Fund’s average daily net asset value, and for Class C shares at an annual
rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net asset value. The fees for Class C
shares represent a 0.75% Rule 12b-1 distribution fee and a 0.25% shareholder
servicing fee. The Rule 12b-1 distribution fee and shareholder servicing fees
are discussed in greater detail below. The Distribution Plan provides that the
Distributor may use all or any portion of such Distribution Fee to finance any
activity that is principally intended to result in the sale of Fund shares,
subject to the terms of the Distribution Plan, or to provide certain shareholder
services.
The
Distribution Fee is payable to the Distributor regardless of the
distribution-
related
expenses actually incurred. Because the Distribution Fee is not directly tied to
expenses, the amount of Distribution Fees paid by a Fund during any year may be
more or less than actual expenses incurred pursuant to the Distribution Plan.
For this reason, this type of distribution fee arrangement is characterized by
the staff of the SEC as a “compensation” plan.
The
Distribution Plan provides that it will continue from year to year upon approval
by the majority vote of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the
trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, as defined in the 1940
Act, and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of
the Distribution Plan or in any agreement related to such plan (the “Independent
Trustees”), as required by the 1940 Act, cast in person at a meeting called for
that purpose. It is also required that the trustees who are not “interested
persons” of the Funds, select and nominate all other trustees who are not
“interested persons” of the Funds. The Distribution Plan and any related
agreements may not be amended to materially increase the amounts to be spent for
distribution expenses without approval of shareholders holding a majority of the
Funds’ shares outstanding. All material amendments to the Distribution Plan or
any related agreements must be approved by a vote of a majority of the Board of
Trustees and the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for
the purpose of voting on any such amendment.
The
tables below show the amount of Rule 12b-1 fees incurred and the allocation of
such fees by the Class A and Class C shares of the Funds, as applicable, for the
fiscal year ended August 31, 2023.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Actual
Rule 12b-1 Expenditures Incurred by the Class A and Class C Shares of the
Total Return Bond Fund During the Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
2023 |
| Total
Dollars Allocated |
Advertising/Marketing |
$0 |
|
Printing/Mailing |
$0 |
|
Compensation
to Distributor |
$6,850 |
|
Compensation
to Broker-Dealers |
$381,816 |
|
Compensation
to sales personnel |
$0 |
|
Other |
$0 |
|
Total |
$388,666 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Actual
Rule 12b-1 Expenditures Incurred by the Class A Shares of the
Municipal Bond Fund During the Fiscal Year Ended August 31,
2023 |
| Total
Dollars Allocated |
Advertising/Marketing |
$0 |
|
Printing/Mailing |
$0 |
|
Compensation
to Distributor |
$0 |
|
Compensation
to Broker-Dealers |
$94,181 |
|
Compensation
to sales personnel |
$0 |
|
Other |
$0 |
|
Total |
$94,181 |
|
The
Distribution Plan requires that the Distributor provide to the Board of
Trustees, at least quarterly, a written report on the amounts and purpose of any
payment made under the Distribution Plan. The Distributor is also required to
furnish the Board of Trustees with such other information as may reasonably be
requested in order to enable the Board of Trustees to make an informed
determination of whether the Distribution Plan should be continued. The
Distribution Plan may be continued from year-to-year only if the Board,
including a majority of the Independent Trustees, concludes at least annually
that continuation of the Plan is reasonably likely to benefit shareholders. In
particular, the Board of Trustees has determined that it believes that the
Distribution Plan is reasonably likely to provide an incentive for brokers,
dealers and other financial intermediaries to engage in sales and marketing
efforts on behalf of the Funds and to provide enhanced
services
to holders of Class A and Class C shares. With the exception of the Adviser, no
“interested person” of the Funds, as defined in the 1940 Act, and no Independent
Trustee of the Fund has or had a direct or indirect financial interest in the
Distribution Plan or any related agreement.
As
noted above, the Distribution Plan provides for the ability to use Fund assets
to pay financial intermediaries (including those that sponsor mutual fund
supermarkets), plan administrators and other service providers to finance any
activity that is principally intended to result in the sale of Fund shares
(distribution services). The payments made by the Funds to these financial
intermediaries are based primarily on the dollar amount of assets invested in
the Funds through the financial intermediaries. These financial intermediaries
may pay a portion of the payments that they receive from the Funds to their
investment professionals. In addition
to
the ongoing asset-based fees paid to these financial intermediaries under the
Distribution Plan, the Funds may, from time to time, make payments under the
Distribution Plan that help defray the expenses incurred by these intermediaries
for conducting training and educational meetings about various aspects of the
Fund for their employees. In addition, the Funds may make payments under the
Distribution Plan for exhibition space and otherwise help defray the expenses
these financial intermediaries incur in hosting client seminars where the Funds
are discussed.
To
the extent these asset-based fees and other payments made under the Distribution
Plan to these financial intermediaries for the distribution services they
provide to the Funds’ shareholders exceed the Distribution Fees available, these
payments are made by the Adviser from its own resources, which may include its
profits from the advisory fee it receives from the Funds. In addition, the Funds
may participate in various “fund supermarkets” in which a mutual fund
supermarket sponsor (usually a broker-dealer) offers many mutual funds to the
sponsor’s customers without charging the customers a sales charge. In connection
with its participation in such platforms, the Adviser may use all or a portion
of the Distribution Fee to pay one or more supermarket sponsors a negotiated fee
for distributing the Funds’ shares. In addition, in its discretion, the Adviser
may pay additional fees to such intermediaries from its own assets.
12b-1
Distribution Fee (Total Return Bond Fund and Municipal Bond Fund)
The
Distributor may use the Rule 12b-1 distribution fee to pay for services covered
by the Distribution Plan including, but not limited to, advertising,
compensating underwriters, dealers and selling personnel engaged in the
distribution of Class A shares and Class C shares of the Funds, the printing and
mailing of prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports to
other than current Fund
shareholders,
the printing and mailing of sales literature pertaining to the Class A shares
and Class C shares of the Funds, and obtaining whatever information, analyses
and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities that the Funds
may, from time to time, deem advisable.
Shareholder
Servicing Fee (Total Return Bond Fund)
Under
the Distribution Plan, the Total Return Bond Fund pays the Distributor an amount
not to exceed 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class
C shares for providing or arranging for shareholder support services provided to
individuals and plans holding Class C shares. Class A and Institutional Class
shares of the Funds are not subject to a shareholder servicing fee. The
shareholder servicing fees may be used to pay the Adviser and/or various
shareholder servicing agents that perform shareholder servicing functions and
maintenance of Class C shareholder accounts. These services may also include the
payment to financial intermediaries (including those that sponsor mutual fund
supermarkets) and other service providers to obtain shareholder services and
maintenance of shareholder accounts (including such services provided by
broker-dealers that maintain all individual shareholder account records of, and
provide shareholder servicing to, their customers who invest in the Class C
shares of the Total Return Bond Fund through a single “omnibus” account of the
broker-dealer). Under the Distribution Plan, shareholder servicing fee payments
to the Distributor are calculated and paid at least annually.
To
the extent these asset-based fees and other payments to these financial
intermediaries for shareholder servicing and account maintenance they provide to
the Class C shares of the Total Return Bond Fund exceed the shareholder
servicing fees available, these payments are made by the Adviser from its own
resources, which may include its profits from the advisory fee it
receives
from the Fund. In addition, the Total Return Bond Fund may participate in
various “fund supermarkets” in which a mutual fund supermarket sponsor (usually
a broker-dealer) offers many mutual funds to the sponsor’s customers without
charging the customers a sales charge. The Total Return Bond Fund pays the
supermarket sponsor a negotiated fee for continuing services, including, without
limitation, for maintaining shareholder account records and providing
shareholder servicing to their
brokerage
customers who are shareholders of the Total Return Bond Fund. If the supermarket
sponsor’s shareholder servicing fees exceed the shareholder servicing fees
available from the Funds, then the balance is paid from the resources of the
Adviser. The table below shows the amount of shareholder servicing fees paid
during the fiscal years ended August 31, 2023, 2022 and
2021.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Shareholder
Servicing Fees Paid During Fiscal Years Ended August 31, |
| 2023 |
2022 |
2021 |
Total
Return Bond Fund - Class C Shares |
$104,295 |
$137,185 |
$111,283 |
Sub-Accounting
Service Fees
In
addition to the fees that the Total Return Bond Fund may pay to the Transfer
Agent, the Board has authorized the Total Return Bond Fund to pay service fees
to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisers or other
financial institutions for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency,
recordkeeping (collectively, “sub-accounting services”) and other shareholder
services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in
omnibus, networked, or other group accounts or accounts traded through
registered securities clearing agents, up to the following annual
limits:
•0.15%
of applicable average net assets or $20 per account for Omnibus Non-
Institutional Accounts;
•0.10%
of applicable average net assets or $10 per account for Omnibus Institutional
Accounts; and
•0.10%
of applicable average net assets or $7 per account for Networked
Accounts
Unless
the Total Return Bond Fund has adopted a specific shareholder servicing plan
which is broken out as a separate expense, any sub- accounting fees paid by the
Total Return Bond Fund are included in the total amount of “Other Expenses”
listed
in
the Total Return Bond Fund’s Fees and Expenses table in the
Prospectus.
Portfolio
Transactions and Brokerage
Pursuant
to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser determines which securities are to be
purchased and sold by the Funds and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute
a Fund’s portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales of securities in the OTC
market will generally be executed directly with a “market-maker” unless, in the
opinion of the Adviser, a better price or execution can otherwise be obtained by
using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases
of portfolio securities for the Funds will be effected through broker-dealers
(including banks) that specialize in the types of securities that the Funds will
be holding, unless the Adviser believes that better executions are available
elsewhere. Dealers usually act as principal for their own accounts. Purchases
from dealers will include a spread between the bid and the asked price. If the
execution and price offered by more than one dealer are comparable, the order
may be allocated to a dealer that has provided research or other services as
discussed below.
In
placing portfolio transactions, the Adviser will use reasonable efforts to
choose broker- dealers capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the
most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of
services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as
the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities
of the firm involved, the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities and
other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more
than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most
favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those
broker-dealers that furnish or supply research and statistical information to
the Adviser that it may lawfully and appropriately use in its investment
advisory capacities, as well as provide other brokerage services in addition to
execution services. The Adviser considers such information, which is in addition
to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its
Advisory Agreement with the Funds, to be useful in varying degrees, but of
indeterminable value. Portfolio transactions may be placed with broker-dealers
who sell shares of a Fund subject to rules adopted by FINRA and the SEC.
Portfolio transactions may also be placed with broker-dealers in which the
Adviser has invested on behalf of the Funds and/or client accounts.
While
it is the Funds’ general policy to first seek to obtain the most favorable price
and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio
transactions for the Funds, weight is also given to the ability of a
broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Funds or to the
Adviser, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Funds and
may be useful to the Adviser in advising other clients. In negotiating
commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the
Funds may pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight
were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services,
provided
that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith
by the Adviser to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or
research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness
is to be measured in light of the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the
Funds.
Investment
decisions for the Funds are made independently from those of other client
accounts. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times identical securities will
be acceptable for both the Funds and one or more of such client accounts. In
such event, the position of a Fund and such client account(s) in the same issuer
may vary and the length of time that each may choose to hold its investment in
the same issuer may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client
accounts seek to acquire the same security as a Fund at the same time, the Fund
may not be able to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or
it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such
security.
Similarly,
the Funds may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an
execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one
or more of such client accounts simultaneously purchases or sells the same
security that a Fund is purchasing or selling, each day’s transactions in such
security will be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts in a
manner deemed equitable by the Adviser, taking into account the respective sizes
of the accounts and the amount being purchased or sold. It is recognized that in
some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of
the security insofar as a Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is
believed that the ability of a Fund to participate in volume transactions may
produce better executions for a Fund.
Notwithstanding
the above, the Adviser may execute buy and sell orders for accounts and take
action in performance of its duties
with
respect to any of its accounts that may differ from actions taken with respect
to another account, so long as the Adviser shall, to the extent practicable,
allocate investment opportunities to accounts, including the Funds, over a
period of time on a fair and equitable basis and in accordance with applicable
law.
The
Funds are required to identify any securities of their “regular brokers or
dealers”
that the Funds have acquired during the most recent fiscal year. The Municipal
Bond Fund did not hold any securities of its “regular broker dealers” as of
August 31, 2023. The following table lists such securities which were owned by
the Total Return Bond Fund and the Multisector Bond Fund as of August 31,
2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fund |
Regular
Broker-Dealer |
Value
of Holding |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
JPMorgan
Chase & Co. |
$8,318,896 |
| Barclays
PLC |
$13,374,935 |
| Bank
of America Corp. |
$8,181,544 |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
Barclays
PLC |
$888,700 |
The
Funds are also required to identify any brokerage transactions during their most
recent fiscal year that were directed to a broker because of research services
provided, along with the amount of any such transactions and any related
commissions paid by the Funds. No such transactions
were
made during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023.
The
following table shows the amounts paid by each Fund in brokerage commissions for
the fiscal periods/years indicated below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Brokerage
Commissions Paid During Fiscal Periods/Years Ended August
31, |
| 2023 |
2022 |
2021 |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
$0 |
$157 |
$1,192 |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
$0 |
$0 |
$0(1) |
(1) The
inception date for the Fund was December 31, 2020 and investment operations
commenced on January 4, 2021.
Portfolio
Turnover
Although
the Funds generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio
securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held
when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such
action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of
purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the
monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal
year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Funds’
portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at
the
time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or
replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more)
generally leads to above-average transaction costs and may generate capital
gains, including short-term capital gains taxable to shareholders at ordinary
income rates. To the extent that a Fund experiences an increase in brokerage
commissions due to a higher portfolio turnover rate, the performance of the Fund
could be negatively impacted by the increased expenses incurred by the Fund.
Furthermore, a high portfolio turnover rate
may
result in a greater number of taxable transactions.
For
the fiscal years indicated below, the portfolio
turnover rates for the Funds were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio
Turnover During Fiscal Years/Periods Ended August 31 |
| 2023 |
2022 |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
35.55% |
53.11% |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
68.24% |
81.53% |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
74.40% |
59.74% |
Code
of Ethics
The
Trust and the Adviser have each adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the
1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel
of the Adviser to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the
Funds. The Distributor relies on the principal underwriter’s exception under
Rule 17j-1(c)(3) of the 1940 Act, from the requirements to adopt a code of
ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 because the Distributor is not affiliated with the
Trust or the Adviser, and no officer, director or general partner of the
Distributor serves as an officer or director of the Trust or the
Adviser.
Proxy
Voting Procedures
The
Board of Trustees has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (“Proxy
Policies”) on behalf of the Trust which delegate to the Adviser the
responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the
Funds as part of its investment advisory services, subject to the supervision
and oversight of the Board. Notwithstanding this delegation of responsibilities,
however, the Funds retain the right to vote proxies relating to its portfolio
securities. The fundamental purpose of the Proxy Policies is to ensure that each
vote will be in a manner that reflects the best interest of a Fund and its
shareholders, taking into account the value of a Fund’s
investments.
The
Adviser’s Proxy Policies
The
Adviser believes proxy voting is an important right of the shareholders and
reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are
properly and timely exercised. While the Adviser’s clients generally hold
fixed-income securities in their accounts, the Adviser may come across proxies
on equity securities which will require the Adviser to exercise a voice on its
clients’ behalf.
The
Adviser has adopted and implemented Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, which
the Adviser applies to clients over which it has voting authority, including
changes in corporate governance structures, the adoption or amendment of
compensation plans (including stock options), and matters involving social
issues. For those advisory clients who have retained proxy voting
responsibility, the Adviser has no authority and will not vote any proxies for
those client portfolios.
Policy
As
a matter of policy and practice, the Adviser utilizes the proxy voting services
of an unaffiliated third-party vendor, ProxyEdge, an electronic voting platform
provided by Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc., to vote proxies pursuant to the
established and published voting guidelines of Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass
Lewis”), a leading, independent provider of global proxy research and voting
recommendations.
Conflicts
of Interest
The
Adviser is in the investment advisory business and does not engage in any
investment banking or corporate finance activity, nor does it produce research
for publication. Therefore, it is unlikely that conflicts will arise very
frequently in the proxy voting context. Nevertheless, conflicts may
arise.
To
avoid a material conflict of interest over proxy voting between the Adviser and
the client, the Adviser votes client shares via ProxyEdge, an electronic voting
platform provided by Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc., and in accordance with
Glass Lewis’s recommendations.
The
Adviser expects that it will, in most instances, authorize ProxyEdge to vote in
accordance with Glass Lewis’ recommendations with respect to specific proxy
issues; however, the Adviser may authorize ProxyEdge to vote shares inconsistent
with Glass Lewis’ recommendations if it believes it is in the best interest of
the client and such a vote does not create a conflict of interest between the
Adviser and the client. If the Adviser votes shares inconsistent with Glass
Lewis’ recommendation, it will maintain a copy of such explanation on file.
The
actual voting records relating to portfolio securities during the most recent
12-month period ended June 30th
are
available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free, 1-877-738-9095 or
by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Anti-Money
Laundering Compliance Program
The
Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the
“Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the
“USA PATRIOT Act”) and related anti-money laundering laws and regulations. To
ensure compliance with these laws, the Trust’s
Program
provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls,
designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training
program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the
Program. Ms. Deanna B. Marotz has been designated as the Trust’s Anti-Money
Laundering Compliance Officer.
Procedures
to implement the Program include, but are not limited to: determining that the
Distributor and the Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering
procedures; and reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity.
Portfolio
Holdings Information
The
Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has adopted portfolio holdings disclosure
policies (the “Disclosure Policies”) that govern the timing and circumstances of
disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Funds. Information about the Funds’
portfolio holdings will not be distributed to any third party except in
accordance with these Disclosure Policies.
The
Board of Trustees considered the circumstances under which the Funds’ portfolio
holdings may be disclosed under the Disclosure Policies, considering actual and
potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the
interests of the Funds’ shareholders and the interests of the Adviser,
Distributor or any other affiliated person of the Funds. After due
consideration, the Board determined that the Funds have a legitimate business
purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to persons described in these
Disclosure Policies.
Information
about the Funds’ portfolio holdings will not be distributed to any third party
except as described below:
•the
disclosure is required to respond to a regulatory request, court order or other
legal proceeding;
•the
disclosure is to a mutual fund rating or evaluation services organization
(such
as Factset, Morningstar and Lipper), or statistical agency or person performing
similar functions, or due diligence department of a broker-dealer or wirehouse,
who has, if necessary, signed a confidentiality agreement, or is bound by
applicable duties of confidentiality imposed by law, with the
Funds;
•the
disclosure is made to the Funds’ service
providers who generally need access to such information in the performance of
their contractual duties and responsibilities, and who are subject to duties of
confidentiality imposed by law and/or contract, such as the Adviser, the Board
of Trustees, the Funds’ independent registered public accountants, regulatory
authorities, counsel to the Funds or the Board of Trustees, proxy voting service
providers and financial printers involved in the reporting process;
•the
disclosure is made by the Adviser’s trading desk to broker-dealers in connection
with the purchase or sale of securities or requests for price quotations or bids
on one or more securities; in addition, the Adviser’s trading desk may
periodically distribute a holdings list (consisting of names only) to broker-
dealers so that such brokers can provide the Adviser with order flow
information;
•the
disclosure is made to institutional consultants evaluating the Funds on behalf
of potential investors;
•the
disclosure is (a) in connection with a quarterly, semi-annual or annual report
that is available to the public or (b) relates to information that is otherwise
available to the public; or
•the
disclosure is made pursuant to prior written approval of the Trust’s CCO, or
other person so authorized, is for a legitimate business purpose and is in the
best interests of the Funds’ shareholders.
For
purposes of the Disclosure Policies, portfolio holdings information does not
include descriptive information if that
information
does not present material risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider
trading or other inappropriate trading for the Funds. Information excluded from
the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without
limitation: (i) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions,
countries or industries/sectors; (ii) aggregated data such as average or median
ratios, or market capitalization, performance attributions by industry, sector
or country; or (iii) aggregated risk statistics. It is the policy of the Trust
to prohibit any person or entity from receiving any direct or indirect
compensation or consideration of any kind in connection with the disclosure of
information about the Funds’ portfolio holdings.
The
Trust’s CCO must document any decisions regarding non-public disclosure of
portfolio holdings and the rationale therefor. In connection with the oversight
responsibilities by the Board of Trustees, any documentation regarding decisions
involving the non-public disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Funds to third
parties must be provided to the full Board of Trustees or its authorized
committee. In addition, on a quarterly basis, the Board will review any
disclosures of portfolio holdings outside of the permitted disclosures described
above to address any conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and
those of the Adviser or any other Fund affiliate.
Currently,
on or about the 15th calendar day of the month following a calendar quarter, the
Funds provide their quarterly portfolio holdings to rating and ranking
organizations, including Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, Morningstar, Inc.,
Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC, Bloomberg L.P., Thomson Reuters
Corporation, Vickers Stock Research Corporation, Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.
and Capital-Bridge, Inc. In addition, it is the policy to disclose an unaudited
listing of their portfolio holdings as of month-end on the Funds’ website. After
the information is
available
on the website, it is then also available to shareholders and others upon
request to the Funds. The Funds’ top ten holdings are also available on the
Funds’ quarterly fact sheets posted on the Funds’ website. Portfolio holdings
disclosure may be approved under the Disclosure Policies by the Trust’s CCO.
Disclosure of the Funds’ complete holdings is required to be made quarterly
within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, in the annual and semi-annual
reports to Fund shareholders and in the holdings report on Part F of Form NPORT.
These reports will be made available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on
the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. After a Fund’s portfolio holdings have been
published on the Funds’ website or have otherwise become publicly available
(e.g. by a required filing with the SEC), there are no limits on the
dissemination of the information.
Determination
of Net Asset Value
The
NAV of a Fund’s shares will fluctuate and is determined as of the close of
trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) (generally 4:00 p.m.,
Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually announces the days on which
it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that the
NYSE will not be open on the following days: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King,
Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National
Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas
Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement. If
the NYSE closes early, the Fund will calculate the NAV as of the close of
trading on the NYSE on that day. If an emergency exists as permitted by the SEC,
the NAV may be calculated at a different time.
The
NAV per share is computed by dividing the value of the securities held by a Fund
plus any cash or other assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not
yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued
expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net
Assets |
= |
Net
Asset Value Per Share |
Shares
Outstanding |
Generally,
a Fund’s investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market
value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Adviser pursuant to the
Adviser’s fair valuation procedures subject to oversight by the Board of
Trustees.
Each
equity security owned by a Fund, including depositary receipts, that is traded
on a national securities exchange, except for securities listed on the NASDAQ
Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”), is valued at its last sale price on the exchange on
which such security is traded, as of the close of business on the day the
security is being valued. All equity securities that are not traded on a listed
exchange are valued at the last sale price at the close of the OTC market. If a
non-exchange listed security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean
between the last quoted bid and asked price will be used as long as it continues
to reflect the value of the security.
Securities
that are traded on more than one exchange are valued using the price of the
exchange that a Fund generally considers to be the principal exchange on which
the security is traded. Fund securities listed on NASDAQ shall be valued using
the NASDAQ Official Closing Price, which may not necessarily represent the last
sales price. If there has been no sale on such exchange or on NASDAQ on such
day, the security will be valued at the mean between the most recent quoted bid
and the asked prices at the close of the exchange on such day, or the security
shall be valued at the latest sales price on the “composite market” for the day
such security is being valued. The composite market is defined as a
consolidation of the trade information provided by national securities and
foreign exchanges and OTC markets as published
by
an approved independent pricing service (“Pricing Service”).
Money
market instruments are valued at cost. If cost does not represent current market
value, the securities will be priced at fair value.
Debt
securities, including short-term debt instruments having a maturity of 60 days
or less and municipal securities, are valued at the mean in accordance with
prices provided by a Pricing Service. Pricing Services may use various valuation
methodologies such as the mean between the bid and the asked prices, matrix
pricing and other analytical pricing models as well as market transactions and
dealer quotations. If a price is not available from a Pricing Service, the most
recent quotation obtained from one or more broker-dealers known to follow the
issue will be obtained. Pricing Service quotations will be valued at the mean
between the bid and the offer. In the absence of available quotations, the
securities will be priced at fair value. Fixed-income securities purchased on a
delayed-delivery basis are typically marked to market daily until settlement at
the forward settlement date. Any discount or premium is accrued or amortized
using the constant yield method until maturity. In the absence of available
quotations, the securities will be priced at fair value.
Exchange
traded options are valued at the composite price, using the National Best Bid
and Offer quotes (“NBBO”). NBBO consists of the highest bid price and lowest ask
price across any of the exchanges on which an option is quoted, thus providing a
view across the entire U.S. options marketplace.
Specifically,
composite pricing looks at the last trades on the exchanges where the options
are traded. If there are no trades for the option on a given business day
composite option pricing calculates the mean of the highest bid price and lowest
ask price across the exchanges where the option is traded.
Pursuant
to Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, other assets of the Funds are valued in such
manner as the Adviser in good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair
value.
Additional
Purchase and Redemption Information
The
information provided below supplements the information contained in the
Prospectus regarding the purchase and redemption of Fund shares.
How
to Purchase Shares
You
may purchase shares of the Funds directly from the Funds, or from securities
brokers, dealers or other financial intermediaries (collectively, “Financial
Intermediaries”).
Investors
should contact their Financial Intermediary directly for appropriate
instructions, as well as information pertaining to accounts and any service or
transaction fees that may be charged. The Funds may enter into arrangements with
certain Financial Intermediaries whereby such Financial Intermediaries (and
other authorized designees) are authorized to accept your order on behalf of the
Funds (each an “Authorized Intermediary.”) If you transmit your purchase request
to an Authorized Intermediary before the close of regular trading (generally
4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on a day that the NYSE is open for business, shares
will be purchased at the next calculated NAV, after the Financial Intermediary
receives the request. Investors should check with their Financial Intermediary
to determine if it is an Authorized Intermediary.
Shares
are purchased at the next calculated NAV, after the Transfer Agent or Authorized
Intermediary receives your purchase request in good order. In most cases, in
order to receive that day’s NAV, the Transfer Agent must receive your order in
good order before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m.,
Eastern time).
The
Trust reserves the right in its sole discretion (i) to suspend the continued
offering of the Funds’ shares; (ii) to reject
purchase
orders in whole or in part when in the judgment of the Adviser or the
Distributor such rejection is in the best interest of the Funds, and (iii) to
reduce or waive the minimum for initial and subsequent investments for certain
fiduciary accounts or under circumstances where certain economies can be
achieved in sales of the Funds’ shares. The Adviser reserves the right to reject
any initial or additional investments.
How
to Redeem Shares and Delivery of Redemption Proceeds
You
may redeem your Fund shares any day the NYSE is open for regular trading, either
directly with a Fund or through your Financial Intermediary.
Payments
to shareholders for shares of a Fund redeemed directly from the Fund will be
made as promptly as possible, but no later than seven days after receipt by the
Transfer Agent of the written request in proper form, with the appropriate
documentation as stated in the Prospectus, except that the Funds may suspend the
right of redemption or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more
than seven calendar days as determined by the SEC during any period when (i)
trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC or the NYSE is closed
for other than weekends and holidays; (ii) an emergency exists as determined by
the SEC making disposal of portfolio securities or valuation of net assets of
the Funds not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other period as the SEC
may permit for the protection of the Funds’ shareholders.
The
value of shares on redemption or repurchase may be more or less than the
investor’s cost, depending upon the market value of the Funds’ portfolio
securities at the time of redemption or repurchase.
Telephone
Redemptions
Shareholders
with telephone transaction privileges established on their account may redeem
Fund shares by telephone. Upon receipt of any instructions or inquiries by
telephone from the shareholder, a Fund or
its
authorized agents may carry out the instructions and/or respond to the inquiry
consistent with the shareholder’s previously established account service
options. For joint accounts, instructions or inquiries from either party will be
carried out without prior notice to the other account owners. In acting upon
telephone instructions, a Fund and its agents use procedures that are reasonably
designed to ensure that such instructions are genuine. These include recording
all telephone calls, requiring pertinent information about the account and
sending written confirmation of each transaction to the registered
owner.
The
Transfer Agent will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions
communicated by telephone are genuine. If the Transfer Agent fails to employ
reasonable procedures, the Funds and the Transfer Agent may be liable for any
losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. If these procedures are
followed, however, to the extent permitted by applicable law, neither the Funds
nor their agents will be liable for any loss, liability, cost or expense arising
out of any redemption request, including any fraudulent or unauthorized request.
For additional information, contact the Transfer Agent.
Redemption
in-Kind
The
Funds do not intend to redeem shares in any form except cash. The Trust,
however, has filed a notice of election under Rule 18f-1 of the 1940 Act that
allows a Fund to redeem in-kind redemption requests of a certain amount.
Specifically, if the amount you are redeeming during any 90-day period is in
excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the applicable share
class of a Fund, valued at the beginning of such period, the Fund has the right
to redeem your shares by giving you the amount that exceeds $250,000 or 1% of
the net assets of the share class of a Fund in securities instead of cash. If a
Fund pays your redemption proceeds by a distribution of securities, you could
incur brokerage or other charges in converting
the
securities to cash, and will bear any market risks associated with such
securities until they are converted into cash. For federal income tax purposes,
redemptions made in-kind are taxed in the same manner
to
a redeeming shareholder as redemptions made in cash. In addition, sales of
securities received in-kind may generate taxable gains.
Sales
Charges; Sales Charge
Reductions
and Waivers (Total Return Bond Fund and Municipal Bond Fund)
Sales
Charge on Class A Shares.
If you purchase Class A shares of the Total Return
Bond
Fund and Municipal Bond Fund you will pay an initial sales charge of 2.25% when
you invest, unless you qualify for a reduction or waiver of the sales charge.
The sales charge for the Funds is calculated as follows:(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
When
you invest this amount |
Sales
Charge as a Percentage of Offering Price(2) |
Sales
Charge as a Percentage of Net Amount Invested(3) |
Dealer
Reallowance |
Less
than $100,000(4) |
2.25% |
2.30% |
2.00% |
$100,000-$249,999.99 |
1.25% |
1.27% |
1.00% |
$250,000-$999,999.99 |
1.00% |
1.01% |
1.00% |
$1,000,000
or more |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
(1)Class
A shares are offered and sold at the next offering price, which is the sum of
the NAV per share and the sales charge indicated above. Since the offering price
is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number
of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of
the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending
on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
(2)The
difference between the total amount invested and the sum of (a) the net proceeds
to the Funds and (b) the dealer reallowance, is the amount of the initial sales
charge received by the Funds’ distributor, Foreside Fund Services (the
“Distributor”) (also known as the “underwriter concession”).
(3)Rounded
to the nearest one-hundredth percent.
(4)The
minimum initial investment for Class A shares of a Fund is $1,000 for all
accounts.
You
should always discuss the suitability of your investment with your broker-dealer
or financial adviser.
Class
A Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.
Maximum
Investment in Class A shares and Subsequent Class A Share Purchases.
The maximum investment in Class C shares is $1,000,000. If a shareholder’s
investment in Class C exceeds $1,000,000 (either through additional investments
or the appreciation of your investments), the shareholder will have the option
to either (1) maintain his/her Class C shares and make subsequent investments in
a new Class A account, or (2) exchange (without federal income tax implications)
all or a portion of his/her Class C shares for Class A shares and make
subsequent investments in Class A shares. Subsequent investments in Class A
shares
will
not incur a sales charge, provided that the shareholder’s aggregate investment
in Class A shares and Class C shares exceeds $1,000,000. If applicable to a
shareholder’s account, the shareholder will be notified of more detailed
information regarding these options. If the shareholder does not respond or does
not elect one of the foregoing options once an investment in Class C shares
exceeds $1,000,000, the shareholder’s Class C account will be maintained but any
subsequent investment by the shareholder will automatically be invested in Class
A shares. In addition to written notification by the Total Return Bond Fund or
Municipal Bond Fund of these options, shareholders may contact Performance Trust
Mutual Funds, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI
53201-0701 or call
1-877-738-9095
with questions or requests for additional information.
Rights
of Accumulation.
A shareholder may combine a current purchase of Class A shares with other
existing Class A shares currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the
lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable
sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of the current purchase
and the current NAV of all other Class A shares owned at the financial
intermediary at which the shareholder is making the current purchase.
Shareholders may not aggregate shares held at different financial
intermediaries. If the current purchase is made directly through the Transfer
Agent, only those shares held directly at the Transfer Agent may apply toward
the right of accumulation. A shareholder may aggregate shares that he or she
owns and shares that are currently owned by family members including spouses,
minor children or parents residing at the same address. Shares held in the name
of a nominee or custodian under pension, profit sharing or employee benefit
plans may not be combined with other shares to qualify for the right of
accumulation. Shareholders must notify the Transfer Agent or their financial
intermediary at the time of purchase in order for the right of accumulation to
apply. The Total Return Bond Fund and Municipal Bond Fund are not liable for any
difference in purchase price if a shareholder fails to notify the Transfer Agent
of his/her intent to exercise the right of accumulation, and the Funds reserve
the right to modify or terminate this right at any time.
Reinstatement
Privilege.
If you redeem Class A shares, and within 60 days purchase and register new Class
A shares of the same Fund, you will not pay a sales charge on the new purchase
amount. The amount eligible for this privilege may not exceed the amount of your
redemption proceeds. To exercise this privilege, contact your financial
intermediary.
Letter
of Intent.
By signing a Letter of Intent (“LOI”) you can reduce your sales charge on Class
A shares. Your individual purchases will be made at the applicable sales charge
based on the amount you intend to invest over a 13-month period. The LOI will
apply to all purchases of Class A shares. Any shares purchased within 90 days of
the date you sign the LOI may be used as credit toward completion, but the
reduced sales charge will only apply to new purchases made on or after that
date. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of distributions do not apply
toward fulfillment of the LOI. Shares equal to 5.00% of the amount of the LOI
will be held in escrow during the 13-month period. If at the end of that time
the total amount of purchases made is less than the amount intended, you will be
required to pay the difference between the reduced sales charge and the sales
charge applicable to the individual purchases had the LOI not been in effect.
This amount will be obtained from redemption of the escrow shares. Any remaining
escrow shares will be released to you.
Initial
Sales Charge Waivers.
Sales charges for Class A shares may be waived under certain circumstances for
some investors or for certain payments. The following persons will not be
subject to a sales charge on purchases of Class A shares:
•any
affiliate of the Adviser or any of its or the Funds’ officers, directors, or
retirees;
•registered
representatives of any broker- dealer authorized to sell Fund shares, subject to
the internal policies and procedures of the broker-dealer;
•members
of the immediate families of any of the foregoing (i.e.,
parent, child, spouse, domestic partner, sibling, step or adopted relationships,
grandparent, grandchild and UTMA accounts naming qualifying
persons);
•fee-based
registered investment advisers, financial planners, bank trust departments or
registered broker-dealers purchasing shares on behalf of
their
customers, including accounts purchasing shares in wrap-fee
programs;
•financial
intermediaries who have entered into agreements with the Distributor to offer
shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts that may or may not charge
a transaction fee to their customers;
•retirement
(not including IRA accounts) and deferred compensation plans and the trusts used
to fund such plans (including, but not limited to, those defined in Sections
401(k), 403(b) and 457 of the Code and “rabbi trusts”), for which an affiliate
of the Adviser acts as trustee or administrator;
•401(k),
403(b) and 457 plans, and profit sharing and pension plans that invest $1
million or more or have more than 100 participants; or
•current
shareholders whose aggregate value of their Class A and Class C accounts exceed
$1,000,000.
Whether
a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable
account depends upon the policies and procedures of your
intermediary.
To
receive a reduction in your Class A sales charge, you must let your financial
institution or shareholder services representative know at the time you purchase
shares that you qualify for such a reduction. You may be asked by your financial
adviser or shareholder services representative to provide account statements or
other information regarding your related accounts or related accounts of your
immediate family in order to verify your eligibility for a reduced sales charge.
Your investment professional or financial institution must notify the Total
Return Bond Fund and Municipal Bond Fund if your share purchase is eligible for
the sales load waiver. Initial sales charges will not be applied to shares
purchased by reinvesting distributions.
Federal
Income Tax Matters
This
section is not intended to be a full discussion of federal income tax laws and
the effect of such laws on you.
There
may be other federal, state, foreign or local tax considerations to a particular
investor. This section is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations, judicial
decisions, and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) guidance on the date hereof, all
of which are subject to change, and possibly with retroactive effect. No
assurance can be given that legislative, judicial, or administrative changes
will not be forthcoming which could affect the accuracy of any statements made
in this section. These changes could impact the Funds’ investments or the tax
consequences to you of investing in the Funds. Some of the changes could affect
the timing, amount and tax treatment of Fund distributions made to shareholders.
Please consult your own tax adviser before investing.
States
generally do not impose an income tax on Fund distributions that are
attributable to interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
However, some states impose minimum investment or reporting requirements that
must be met by a Fund. Income earned by a Fund from its investments in certain
other obligations, such as repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S.
Government obligations, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations
(e.g.,
GNMA or FNMA obligations), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment at
the state level. The rules on exemption of this income at the state level may be
different for corporate shareholders.
Each
series of the Trust is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax
purposes. Each Fund, as a series of the Trust, intends to qualify and elect to
be treated as a RIC under Section 851(a) of the Code, provided it complies with
all applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, diversification
of its assets and timing and amount of its
distributions.
Each Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment
company taxable income and net capital gain for each fiscal year in a manner
that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Funds
will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes on amounts
distributed. However, the Funds can give no assurances that their anticipated
distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all Fund level taxes. If the Funds
do not qualify as RICs and are unable to obtain relief from such failure, they
would generally be taxed as regular corporations and, in such case, it would be
more beneficial for a shareholder to directly own a Fund’s underlying
investments rather than indirectly owning them through the Fund.
To
qualify as a RIC, a Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income from “good
income,” which includes: (1) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect
to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock,
securities or foreign currencies; (2) other income (including but not limited to
gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to a
Fund’s business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies and
(3) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded
partnership. Although Code Section 851(b) authorizes the U.S. Treasury
Department to issue Treasury Regulations excluding “foreign currency gains” that
are not directly related to a RIC’s principal business of investing in stock or
securities from qualifying income, Treasury Regulations currently provide that
gains from the sale or other disposition of foreign currencies is qualifying
income. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that future Treasury Regulations
will not come to a different conclusion or that a Fund will satisfy all
requirements to be taxed as a RIC.
Furthermore,
a Fund must diversify its holdings such that at the end of each fiscal quarter,
(i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of cash, cash
equivalents,
U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other acceptable
securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to
an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets
and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer;
and (ii) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets may be invested in
the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or
securities of other RICs), or of any two or more issuers that are controlled, as
determined under applicable Code rules, by the Fund and that are engaged in the
same, similar or related trades or businesses, or of certain qualified publicly
traded partnerships.
A
Fund will be subject to a 4% federal excise tax if it fails to distribute (or be
deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year (i) at least
98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) at least 98.2% of its capital
gain net income for the 12-month period ending on October 31 during such year
(reduced by any net ordinary losses, but not below the Fund’s net capital gain
for that period) and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were
not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax.
The
Municipal Bond Fund intends to invest at least 80% of its net assets in
municipal obligations that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal
income tax. For the Municipal Bond Fund to pay tax-exempt distributions for any
taxable year, at least 50% of the aggregate value of its assets at the close of
each quarter of its taxable year must consist of municipal obligations that pay
interest that is excluded from gross income under Section 103 of the Code.
Non-corporate shareholders that are subject to the alternative minimum tax are
required to include as a tax preference item any portion of tax-exempt
distributions received from the Municipal Bond Fund that are attributable to
interest earned on the Fund’s investments in specified private activity
bonds.
Investment
company taxable income generally consists of taxable interest, dividends, income
distributions from REITs, and net short-term capital gain, less expenses. Net
capital gain is the excess of the net long-term capital gain over the net
short-term capital loss, after taking into account any capital loss carryforward
of the Funds. Each Fund may elect to defer certain losses for tax purposes. At
August 31, 2023, the Funds had capital loss carryovers as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Short-Term |
Long-Term |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
$ |
168,578,494 |
$ |
207,845,889 |
Municipal
Bond Fund |
| 44,295,652 |
| 42,528,011 |
Multisector
Bond Fund |
| 1,419,609 |
| 2,498,299 |
Distributions
of investment company taxable income are generally taxable to shareholders as
ordinary income. For a non-corporate shareholder, a portion of a Fund’s
distributions of investment company taxable income may consist of “qualified
dividend income” eligible for taxation at the reduced federal income tax rates
applicable to long-term capital gains to the extent that the amount distributed
is attributable to and reported as “qualified dividend income” and the
shareholder meets certain holding period requirements with respect to its Fund
shares. In the case of a corporate shareholder, a portion of a Fund’s
distributions of investment company taxable income may qualify for the
intercorporate dividends-received deduction to the extent a Fund receives
dividends directly or indirectly from U.S. corporations, reports the amount
distributed as eligible for deduction and the shareholder meets certain holding
period requirements with respect to its shares. The aggregate amount so reported
to either non- corporate or corporate shareholders, as applicable, cannot,
however, exceed the aggregate amount of such dividends received by a Fund for
its taxable year.
Distributions
of net capital gain are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain
regardless of the length of time that a
shareholder
has owned Fund shares. Distributions of net capital gain are not eligible for
“qualified dividend income” treatment or the dividends-received deduction
referred to in the previous paragraph.
Distributions
of any tax-exempt income, investment company taxable income and net capital gain
will be taxable as described above whether received in additional shares or in
cash. Shareholders who choose to receive distributions in the form of additional
shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so
received equal to the NAV of a share on the reinvestment date. Distributions are
generally taxable when received. However, distributions declared in October,
November or December to shareholders of record and paid the following January
are taxable as if received on December 31. Distributions are generally
includable in alternative minimum taxable income in computing a non-corporate
shareholder’s liability for the alternative minimum tax.
Certain
of a Fund’s transactions involving short sales, futures, options, swap
agreements, hedged investments or other similar transactions, if any, may be
subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect
the timing, amount and character of distributions to you.
Certain
individuals, trusts and estates may be subject to a net investment income
(“NII”) tax of 3.8% (in addition to the regular income tax). The NII tax is
imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income (which excludes
tax-exempt distributions made by the Municipal Bond Fund), net of deductions
properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s
modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married
individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for
married individuals filing separately). The Funds’ distributions (other than
tax-exempt distributions from the Municipal Bond Fund)
are
includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In
addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon the sale, exchange or
redemption of a Fund’s shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment
income for purposes of this NII tax.
A
sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares, whether for cash or in-kind
proceeds, may result in recognition of a taxable capital gain or loss. Gain or
loss realized upon a sale, redemption, or exchange of shares of a Fund will
generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been
held for more than one year, and, if held for one year or less, as a short-term
capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a sale, redemption or
exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term
capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net capital gain received or
deemed to be received with respect to such shares. Any loss realized upon a
sale, exchange or redemption of a share of the Municipal Bond Fund held for six
months or less will be disallowed to the extent of any tax-exempt distributions
received with respect to such share. In determining the holding period of such
shares for this purpose, any period during which the shareholder’s risk of loss
is offset by means of options, short sales, or similar transactions is not
counted. Any loss realized upon a sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares
may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the same
Fund are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within
30 days before or after the sale, redemption or exchange. If a shareholder’s
loss is disallowed under the wash sale rules, the basis of the new shares will
be increased to preserve the loss until a future sale, redemption or exchange of
the shares.
Under
the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), a Fund may be required to
withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on (i) distributions of investment
company
taxable
income, and (ii) distributions of net capital gain and the gross proceeds of a
sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares paid to: (A) certain “foreign
financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to
verify, monitor, and report to the IRS the identity of certain of its account
holders, among other items, (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant
under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement with the United States and the
entity’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial foreign entities”
unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial
U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of
each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. In December 2018, the IRS and
Treasury Department released proposed Treasury Regulations that would eliminate
FATCA withholding on Fund distributions of net capital gain and the gross
proceeds from a sale, exchange or redemption of Fund shares. Although taxpayers
are entitled to rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury
Regulations are issued, these proposed Treasury Regulations have not been
finalized, may not be finalized in their proposed form, and are potentially
subject to change. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return
on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the
shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged
to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding
tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance,
due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become
subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
Except
in the case of certain exempt shareholders, if a shareholder does not furnish a
Fund with its correct Social Security Number or other applicable taxpayer
identification number and certain certifications or a Fund receives notification
from the IRS requiring backup withholding,
a
Fund is required by federal law to withhold federal income tax from the
shareholder’s distributions and redemption proceeds at a rate set under Section
3406 of the Code for U.S. residents.
Foreign
taxpayers (including nonresident aliens) are generally subject to tax
withholding at a flat rate of 30% on U.S.-source income that is not effectively
connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. This withholding
rate may be lower under the terms of a tax convention.
Distributions
Each
Fund will receive income primarily in the form of interest earned on its
investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred in its
operations, is a Fund’s net investment income, substantially all of which will
be distributed to the Funds’ shareholders.
The
amount of a Fund’s distributions is dependent upon the amount of net investment
income received by a Fund from its portfolio holdings, is not guaranteed and is
subject to the discretion of the Board of Trustees. A Fund does not pay
“interest” or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an investment in its
shares.
A
Fund also may realize capital gains or losses in connection with sales or other
dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain that a Fund may realize
from transactions involving investments held less than the period required for
long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing short-term
capital gains and losses (taking into account any capital loss carryforward)
comprise part of net investment income. If during any year a Fund realizes a net
gain on transactions involving investments held for the period required for
long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term
capital gains and losses, the Fund will generally have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital loss
carryforward)
will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the hands of the
shareholders regardless of the length of time that the Fund shares may have been
held by the shareholders. Net capital losses realized by a Fund may be carried
over indefinitely, and will generally retain their character as short-term or
long-term capital losses. For more information concerning applicable capital
gains tax rates, please consult your tax advisor.
Any
distribution paid by a Fund reduces that Fund’s NAV per share on the date paid
by the amount of the distribution per share. Accordingly, a distribution paid
shortly after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in
substance, a partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares
so purchased), even though it would be subject to federal income
taxes.
Distributions
will be made in the form of additional shares of a Fund unless the shareholder
has otherwise indicated. Investors have the right to change their elections with
respect to the reinvestment of distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing. However, any such change will be effective only as to distributions for
which the record date is five or more calendar days after the Transfer Agent has
received the written request.
Cost
Basis Reporting
The
Funds are required to report to certain shareholders and the IRS the cost basis
of Fund shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”) when such
shareholders subsequently sell, exchange or redeem such shares. These
requirements do not apply to shares held through a tax-deferred arrangement,
such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, or to shares held by tax-exempt organizations,
financial institutions, corporations (other than S corporations), banks, credit
unions and certain other entities and governmental bodies. Shares acquired
before January 1, 2012 (“non-covered shares”) are treated as if held in a
separate account from covered shares. The Funds are not required to determine or
report a shareholder’s cost
basis
in non-covered shares and are not responsible for the accuracy or reliability of
any information provided for non-covered shares.
The
cost basis of a share is generally its purchase price adjusted for
distributions, returns of capital, and other corporate actions. Cost basis is
used to determine whether the sale, exchange or redemption of a share results in
a capital gain or loss. If you sell, exchange or redeem covered shares during
any year, then the Funds will report the gain or loss, cost basis, and holding
period of such covered shares to the IRS and you on a Form 1099 series
information return.
A
cost basis method is the method by which the Funds determine which specific
shares are deemed to be sold, exchanged or redeemed when a shareholder sells,
exchanges or redeems less than its entire position in a Fund and has made
multiple purchases of Fund shares on different dates at differing net asset
values. If a shareholder does not affirmatively elect a cost basis method, the
Funds will use the average cost method, which averages the basis of all Fund
shares in an account regardless of holding period, and shares sold, exchanged or
redeemed are deemed to be those with the longest holding period first. Each
shareholder may elect in writing (and not over the telephone) any alternate
IRS-approved cost basis method to calculate the cost basis in its covered
shares. The default cost basis method applied by the Funds or the alternate
method elected by a shareholder may not be changed after the settlement date of
a sale, exchange or redemption of Fund shares.
If
you hold Fund shares through a broker (or another nominee), please contact that
broker or nominee with respect to the reporting of cost basis and available
elections for your account.
You
are encouraged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of these
cost basis reporting rules and, in particular,
which
cost basis calculation method you should elect.
Financial
Statements
The
audited financial statements, accompanying notes and report of the independent
registered public accounting firm appearing in the Funds’ 2023 Annual
Report to Shareholders,
are incorporated herein by reference.
APPENDIX
A – PROXY VOTING POLICIES OF THE ADVISER
PTAM
Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures
Introduction
PT
Asset Management, LLC (DBA: PTAM) (“PTAM”) believes proxy voting is an important
right of the shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken
to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised. While our clients
generally hold fixed-income securities in their accounts, we may come across
proxies on equity securities which will require us to exercise a voice on our
clients’ behalf.
The
document detailed below summarizes PTAM’s proxy voting policies and procedures
and applies to clients over which we have voting authority, including changes in
corporate governance structures, the adoption or amendment of compensation plans
(including stock options), and matters involving social issues. For those
advisory clients who have retained proxy voting responsibility, PTAM has no
authority and will not vote any proxies for those client
portfolios.
Policy
As
a matter of policy and practice, PTAM utilizes the proxy voting services of an
unaffiliated third-party vendor, ProxyEdge, to vote proxies pursuant to Glass
Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”) established and published voting guidelines. In
the client agreement, the client reserves the right to revoke proxy voting
authority at any time.
For
the three mutual funds which PTAM advises, Performance Trust Total Return Bond
Fund and Performance Trust Municipal Bond Fund (collectively, the “Funds”), we
have delegated the responsibility of voting proxies to the Funds’ trust. The
Funds are a part of a series of Trust for Professional Managers (“TPM”), a
Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940. As such, TPM files Form N-PX with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”)
on an annual basis. The N-PX shall be filed for the twelve months ended June 30
no later than August 31 of that year. The records can be obtained on the SEC’s
website at www.sec.gov.
Conflicts
of Interest
PTAM
is in the investment advisory business. We do not engage in any investment
banking or corporate finance activity, nor do we produce research for
publication. Therefore, it is unlikely that conflicts will arise very frequently
in the proxy voting context.
Nevertheless,
conflicts may arise.
In
order to avoid a material conflict of interest over proxy voting between PTAM
and the client, PTAM votes client shares via ProxyEdge, an electronic voting
platform provided by Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc., and in accordance with
Glass Lewis’ recommendations. Glass Lewis is a leading, independent provider of
global proxy research and voting recommendations.
Procedures
PTAM
expects that it will, in most instances, authorize ProxyEdge to vote in
accordance with Glass Lewis’ recommendations with respect to specific proxy
issues; however, we may authorize ProxyEdge to vote shares inconsistent with
Glass Lewis’ recommendations if we believe it is in the best interest of the
client and such a vote does not create a conflict of interest between PTAM and
the client. Upon doing so, we will have on file a written disclosure detailing
why we believe Glass Lewis’ recommendation was not in the client’s best
interest.
PTAM
will use its reasonable efforts to ensure that each proxy has been voted based
on reasonably complete information with respect to the issue and in accordance
with the proxy voting policies and procedures noted
herein.
Recordkeeping
PTAM
will maintain a proxy file to retain records relating to the proxies voted by
ProxyEdge on our clients’ behalf for a period of not less than six years from
the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record.
This file will contain, at a minimum, the proxy materials distributed by the
issuer of the security to which the proxy relates and a record of how ProxyEdge
voted that proxy based on Glass Lewis’ recommendations. If PTAM overrides Glass
Lewis’ recommendation, we will maintain a copy of such explanation in the file
as well.
Requests
Clients
may obtain a copy of PTAM’s proxy voting policies and procedures, information on
how ProxyEdge has actually voted proxies with respect to equity securities held
in their accounts for which they have exercised voting authority to PTAM, or
Glass Lewis’ proxy voting guidelines by emailing [email protected].
Within 3 days of receipt of the request, PTAM will honor the request via first
class mail.