STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

WSTCM CREDIT SELECT RISK - MANAGED FUND

INVESTOR SHARES (TICKER SYMBOL: WAMBX)
INSTITUTIONAL SHARES (TICKER SYMBOL: WAMIX)

 

December 29, 2022

 

A series of the

WST INVESTMENT TRUST
150 W. Main Street
Norfolk, VA 23510
Telephone 1-866-515-4626

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES   1
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS   16
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS   18
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST   19
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION   29
DISTRIBUTION PLAN   31
GENERAL INFORMATION   31
SPECIAL SHAREHOLDER SERVICES   32
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS   33
PRICING OF SHARES   35
ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION   36
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PERFORMANCE   39
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   41
APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS   42
APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES   47

 

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is meant to be read in conjunction with the prospectus for the WSTCM Credit Select Risk - Managed Fund (the “Fund”) dated the same date as this SAI, which incorporates this SAI by reference in its entirety (the “Prospectus”). Because this SAI is not itself a prospectus, no investment in shares of the Fund should be made solely upon the information contained herein. Copies of the Prospectus for the Fund may be obtained at no charge by writing or calling the Fund at the address or phone number shown above. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same meanings as in the Prospectus.

 

 

 

 

OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

The WST Investment Trust (the “Trust”) was organized on June 27, 2013 as a Delaware statutory trust and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as an open-end management investment company. The Fund is a separate diversified series of the Trust. Prior to December 31, 2016, the Fund was named the WST Asset Manager – U.S. Bond Fund.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENTS, STRATEGIES AND RISKS

 

Information contained in this SAI expands upon information contained in the Prospectus. All investments in securities and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment programs will be successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the Fund’s investments and associated risks described in the Prospectus and this SAI. No investment in shares of the Fund should be made without first reading the Prospectus. Attached to this SAI is Appendix A, which contains descriptions of the rating symbols used by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations for certain securities in which the Fund may invest.

 

GENERAL INVESTMENT RISKS. All investments in securities and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment programs will be successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the Fund’s investments and their risks in this SAI and the Prospectus.

 

Market Risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may decline due to daily fluctuations in the securities markets that are generally beyond the Advisor’s control, including fluctuation in interest rates, the quality of the Fund’s investments, economic conditions and general market conditions. Certain market events could increase volatility and exacerbate market risk, and could result in trading halts, such as changes in governments’ economic policies, political turmoil, environmental events, trade disputes, terrorism, military action and epidemics, pandemics or other public health issues. Any of the foregoing market events can adversely affect the economies of one or more countries or the entire global economy, certain industries or individual issuers, and capital and security markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen or quickly addressed.

 

As shown with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that emerged in late 2019, market events (including public health crises and concerns) can have a profound economic and business effect that results in cancellations and disruptions to supply chains and customer activity, disruption and displacement of one or more sectors or industries, closing of borders and imposition of travel restrictions and quarantines, general public concern and uncertainty and, in extreme cases, exchange trading halts due to rapidly falling prices. Additionally, the impact of COVID-19 has caused significant volatility and declines in global financial markets, including the U.S. financial markets. Further, COVID-19 has led to production cutbacks for many companies and coupled with changes in consumer spending fueled by government stimulus, created a supply/demand imbalance and resulted in higher prices and inflation, the result of which can effect a company’s financial condition and ability to manufacture and sell its produces. The duration and lasting impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is unclear and may not be fully known for some time. Likewise, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 has caused increased volatility in various financial markets. The conflict has resulted in economic sanctions against Russia from both government entities and corporations and banking entities. The extent of the effects this will have throughout the world is impossible to predict, but this military action has already resulted in supply chain disruptions and increased trading costs.

 

Market events such as these and other types of market events may cause significant declines in the values and liquidity of many securities and other instruments, and significant disruptions to global business activity and financial markets. Turbulence in financial markets, and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed- income markets may negatively affect many issuers both domestically and around the world, and can result in trading halts, any of which could have an adverse impact on the Fund. During periods of market volatility, security prices (including securities held by the Fund) could change drastically and rapidly and therefore adversely affect the Fund.

 

Changing Fixed-Income Market Conditions. Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the U.S. government and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, took steps to support financial markets, including seeking to maintain interest rates at or near historically low levels and by purchasing large quantities of fixed-income securities on the open market, such as securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, (“Quantitative Easing”). Similar steps took place again in 2020 and 2021 in an effort to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the Federal Reserve’s recent increases in the federal funds rate after a period of historically low rates, as well as its determination to “taper” or reduce Quantitative Easing, fixed-income and related markets may be exposed to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain fixed income investments, including fixed income investments held by the Fund.. This in turn could cause the value of the Fund’s investments and share price to decline.

 

1

 

 

EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS AND INVESTMENTS IN OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES

 

Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs” or individually an “ETF”). As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund will invest primarily in ETFs. The shares of an ETF may be assembled in a block (typically 50,000 shares) known as a creation unit and redeemed in kind for a portfolio of the underlying securities (based on the ETF’s net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Conversely, a creation unit may be purchased from the ETF by depositing a specified portfolio of the ETF’s underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit. The Fund does not intend to purchase and redeem creation units to take advantage of short-term arbitrage opportunities. However, the Fund may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities and use it (and any required cash) to purchase creation units, if the Fund’s investment adviser, Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management, LLC, d/b/a WST Capital Management (the “Advisor”), believes it is in the Fund’s interest to do so. The Fund’s ability to redeem creation units may be limited by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), which provides that the ETFs will not be obligated to redeem shares held by the Fund in an amount exceeding one percent of their total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days.

 

Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are also listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market like ordinary stocks in lots of any size at any time during the trading day. ETFs traded on national securities exchanges trade based on their market value. The Fund generally intends on purchasing ETFs shares traded on securities exchanges.

 

There is a risk that the underlying ETFs in which the Fund invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Fund intends to principally invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use various indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its net assets fall below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, it will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index within the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment at that time.

 

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange traded), including the risk that the general level of security prices, or that the prices of securities within a particular sector, may increase or decline, thereby affecting the value of the shares of an ETF. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to a conventional fund: (1) the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to its net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange deems such action appropriate; (4) the shares may be delisted from the exchange on which they trade; and (5) activation of “circuit breakers” by the exchange (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) may halt trading temporarily. ETFs are also subject to the risks of the underlying securities or sectors the ETF is designed to track.

 

ETFs may be actively managed or indexed-based. Actively managed ETFs are subject to management risk and may not achieve their objective if the ETF’s manager expectations regarding particular securities or markets are not met. An index based ETF’s objective is to track the performance of a specific index. Index based ETFs generally invest in a securities portfolio that includes substantially all of the securities (in substantially the same amount) included in the applicable index. Since passively managed ETFs are designed to track an index, securities may be purchased, retained and sold when an actively managed ETF would not do so. As a result, passively managed ETFs can expect greater risk of loss (and a corresponding prospect of gain) from changes in the value of the securities that are heavily weighted in the index than would be the case if the ETF were not fully invested in such securities.

 

2

 

 

Debt Securities ETFs. There are risks associated with the potential investment of the Fund’s assets in debt (also known as fixed-income) securities ETFs, which may include credit risk, interest rate risk and maturity risk as described below:

 

  Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security or counterparty to a transaction involving one or more bonds in an ETF’s portfolio will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or otherwise will be unable or unwilling to honor its financial obligations. If the issuer, guarantor, or counterparty fails to pay interest, an ETF’s income may be reduced. If the issuer, guarantor, or counterparty fails to repay principal, the value of that security and of the particular ETF’s shares may be reduced. ETFs may be subject to credit risk to the extent that they invest in fixed-income securities that involve a promise by a third party to honor an obligation with respect to the fixed-income security. Securities rated BBB by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) or Baa by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) are considered investment-grade securities, but are somewhat riskier than more highly-rated investment-grade obligations (those rated A or better) because they are regarded as having only an adequate capacity to pay principal and interest, are considered to lack outstanding investment characteristics, and may be speculative. Such investment-grade securities will be subject to higher credit risk and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than higher-rated securities. Credit risk is particularly significant for investments in “junk bonds” or lower than investment-grade securities.

 

  Interest Rate Risk. The price of a bond or a fixed-income security is dependent upon interest rates. Therefore, the share price and total return of an ETF, when investing a significant portion of its assets in bonds or fixed-income securities, will vary in response to changes in interest rates. There is the possibility that the value of an ETF’s investment in bonds or fixed-income securities may fall because bonds or fixed-income securities generally fall in value when interest rates rise. The longer the term of a bond or fixed-income instrument, the more sensitive it will be to fluctuations in value from interest rate changes. Changes in interest rates may have a more pronounced effect if the ETF holds a significant portion of its assets in fixed-income securities with long-term maturities. In addition, ETFs that hold assets in fixed-income securities may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low interest rates and the likelihood of a general rise in interest rates.

 

In the case of mortgage-backed securities, rising interest rates tend to extend the term to maturity of the securities, making them even more susceptible to interest rate changes. When interest rates drop, not only can the value of fixed-income securities drop, but also the yield can drop, particularly where the yield is tied to changes in interest rates, such as adjustable mortgages. Also, when interest rates drop, the holdings of mortgage-backed securities by an ETF can reduce returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages sooner than expected since the Fund’s prepaid must be reinvested at lower prevailing interest rates. This is known as prepayment risk. When interest rates rise, the holdings of mortgage-backed securities by an ETF can reduce returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages later than anticipated. This is known as extension risk.

 

  Maturity Risk. Maturity risk is another factor that can affect the value of an ETF’s fixed-income holdings. Certain ETFs may not have a limitation policy regarding the length of maturity for their fixed-income holdings. In general, fixed-income obligations with longer maturities have higher yields and a greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Conversely, fixed income-obligations with shorter maturities generally have lower yields but less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. This risk may be heightened given the likelihood of continued increases in interest rates in the near future.

 

3

 

 

Other Investment Companies. As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund is a “fund of funds.” The term “fund of funds” is typically used to describe investment companies, such as the Fund, whose principal investment strategy involves investing in other investment companies (ETFs or other investment companies). Generally, under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund may not acquire shares of another investment company if, immediately after such acquisition, (i) a fund would hold more than 3% of the other investment company’s total outstanding shares, (ii) a fund’s investment in securities of the other investment company would be more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the fund, or (iii) more than 10% of a fund’s total assets would be invested in investment companies. Under certainstatutory and regulatory exemptions, a fund may invest in registered and unregistered money market funds in excess of these limitations. The Fund may rely upon any applicable statutory or regulatory exemptions in investing inother investment companies. The Fund generally expects to rely on Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act when purchasing shares of a money market fund. Under Rule 12d1-1, the Fund may generally invest without limitation in money market funds as long as the Fund pays no sales charge (“sales charge”), as defined in rule 2830(b)(8) of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), or service fee, as defined in rule 2830(b)(9) of the Conduct Rules of FINRA, charged in connection with the purchase, sale, or redemption of securities issued by the money market fund (“service fee”); or the Advisor waives its Management Fee in an amount necessary to offset any sales charge or service fee. The Fund generally expects to rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act when purchasing shares of other investment companies, such as ETFs, that are not money market funds. Under Section 12(d)(1)(F), the Fund may generally acquire shares of another investment company unless, immediately after such acquisition, the Fund and its affiliated persons would hold more than 3% of the investment company’s total outstanding stock (the “3% Limitation”). To the extent the 3% Limitation applies to an investment the Fund wishes to make, the Fund may be prevented from allocating its investments in the manner that the Advisor considers optimal or cause the Advisor to select a similar basket of stocks (pre-selected groups of securities related by index or sector made available through certain brokers at a discount brokerage rate) (“Stock Baskets”) or a similar index-based mutual fund or other investment company (collectively, “Indexed Investments”) as an alternative. The Fund may also invest in Indexed Investments when the Advisor believes they represent more attractive opportunities than similar ETFs. The Fund’s investments in other investment companies will be subject to the same 3% Limitation described above.

 

Also, under the 1940 Act, to the extent that the Fund relies upon Section 12(d)(1)(F) in purchasing securities issued by another investment company, the Fund must either seek instructions from its shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to its investment in such securities and vote such proxies only in accordance with the instructions, or vote the shares held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the securities. In the event that there is a vote of investment company shares held by the Fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F), the Fund intends to vote such shares in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities. Investments in other investment companies subject the Fund to additional operating and management fees and expenses. For example, the Fund’s investors will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests, in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses.

 

Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 12d1-4”) allows funds to invest in other investment companies in excess of some of the limitations discussed above, subject to certain limitations and conditions. An acquiring fund relying on Rule 12d1-4 must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement with the acquired fund. Rule 12d1-4 outlines the requirements for fund of funds agreements and specifies certain reporting responsibilities of the acquiring fund’s adviser. The Fund expects to rely on Rule 12d1-4 to the extent the Advisor deems such reliance necessary or appropriate.

 

EQUITY SECURITIES. The Fund does not intend to invest directly in equity securities; however, the Fund may invest indirectly in equity securities through the Fund’s investment in shares of ETFs and other investment companies. Such equity investments may include common stocks traded on domestic or foreign securities exchanges or on the OTC market. In addition to common stocks, such investments may also include preferred stocks, convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds. Prices of equity securities in which the Fund invests may fluctuate in response to many factors, including, but not limited to, the activities of the individual companies whose securities the Fund owns, general market and economic conditions, interest rates, and specific industry changes. Such price fluctuations subject the Fund to potential losses. In addition, regardless of any one company’s particular prospects, a declining stock market may produce a decline in prices for all equity securities, which could also result in losses for the Fund. Market declines may continue for an indefinite period of time, and investors should understand that during temporary or extended bear markets, the value of equity securities, including securities held by the Fund, will decline.

 

4

 

 

Investments in ETFs that invest in equity securities and similar securities involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly-based portfolio of stocks including: (1) risks that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of each unit of the ETF or other security; (2) an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or number of stocks held; (3) an ETF may also be adversely affected by the performance of the specific index, market sector or group of industries on which it is based; and (4) an ETF may not track an index as well as a traditional index mutual fund because ETFs are valued by the market and, therefore, there may be a difference between the market value and the ETF’s net asset value.

 

FOREIGN SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in securities issued by foreign governments or foreign corporations, either directly or indirectly through ETFs or derivative transactions (e.g., foreign currency futures). Foreign securities, in addition to securities issued by United States (“U.S.”) entities with substantial foreign operations, involve special risks, including those set forth below, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. Issuers of foreign securities are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. Additionally, many foreign stock markets, while growing in volume of trading activity, have substantially less volume than the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of domestic companies. Similarly, volume and liquidity in most foreign bond markets are less than the volume and liquidity in the U.S. and, at times, volatility of price can be greater than in the U.S. Further, foreign markets have different clearance, settlement, registration, and communication procedures and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in such procedures could result in temporary periods when assets are uninvested and no return is earned on them. The inability of an investor to make intended security purchases due to such problems could cause the investor to miss attractive investment opportunities.

 

Payment for securities without delivery may be required in certain foreign markets and, when participating in new issues, some foreign countries require payment to be made in advance of issuance (at the time of issuance, the market value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price). Some foreign markets also have compulsory depositories (i.e., an investor does not have a choice as to where the securities are held). Fixed commissions on some foreign stock exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. Further, an investor may encounter difficulties or be unable to pursue legal remedies and obtain judgments in foreign courts. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S. It may be more difficult for an investor’s agents to keep currently informed about corporate actions such as stock dividends or other matters that may affect the prices of portfolio securities. Communications between the U.S. and foreign countries may be less reliable than within the U.S., thus increasing the risk of delays or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of nationalization, expropriation, the imposition of additional withholding or confiscatory taxes, political, social, or economic instability, diplomatic developments that could affect investments in those countries, or other unforeseen actions by regulatory bodies (such as changes to settlement or custody procedures).

 

The risks of foreign investing may be magnified for investments in emerging markets, which may have relatively unstable governments, economies based on only a few industries, and securities markets that trade a small number of securities.

 

FOREIGN DEBT SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in non-U.S. based debt securities, including foreign currency-denominated corporate and foreign government notes and bonds. Investing in foreign debt securities has the same risks as investing in foreign securities generally. In addition, foreign corporate bonds are subject to the risks that foreign companies may not be subject to uniform audit, financial reporting or disclosure standards, practices or requirements comparable to those found in the U.S., which may make it more difficult to evaluate the business and/or financial position of the issuer and the value of the bond. Foreign government bonds are also subject to the risks that governmental issuers of debt securities may be unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due or may require that conditions for payment be renegotiated.

 

5

 

 

SOVEREIGN DEBT. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in sovereign debt obligations. Investments in sovereign debt obligations involve special risks which are not present in corporate debt obligations. The foreign issuer of the sovereign debt or the foreign governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund, to the extent it invests in such securities, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt issuers. In the past, certain foreign countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debt.

 

A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign currency reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange, the relative size of the debt service burden, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward principal international lenders and local political constraints. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and other entities to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditional on the implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt.

 

Holders of sovereign debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on such debt.

 

INVESTMENTS IN EMERGING MARKETS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in emerging market equity and debt securities. An “emerging market” is any country that the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation or the United Nations or its authorities has determined to have a low or middle income economy. Emerging market countries may include, among others, countries in Asia, Latin, Central and South America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In addition to the general risk of investing in foreign securities and foreign equity and debt securities described above, investing in emerging markets can involve greater and more unique risks than those associated with investing in more developed markets. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally small, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile then securities markets of the U.S. and other developed markets. The risks of investing in emerging markets include greater social, political and economic uncertainties. Emerging market economies are often dependent upon a few commodities or natural resources that may be significantly adversely affected by volatile price movements against those commodities or natural resources. Emerging market countries may experience high levels of inflation and currency devaluation and have fewer potential buyers for investments. The securities markets and legal systems in emerging market countries may only be in a developmental stage and may provide few, or none, of the advantages and protections of markets or legal systems in more developed countries. Some of these countries may have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. Additionally, if settlements do not keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, they may be delayed, potentially causing the Fund’s assets to be uninvested, the Fund to miss investment opportunities and potential returns, and the Fund to be unable to sell an investment. As a result of these various risks, investments in emerging markets are considered to be speculative and may be highly volatile.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in foreign currency or in securities that track the performance of a foreign currency against another currency, whether the U.S. dollar or another foreign currency. As a result, the value of the Fund’s assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations. Also, the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing the Fund’s NAV to fluctuate. Currency exchange rates are generally determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments. The Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to constantly changing exchange rates and the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of short positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being sold forward. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and economic or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies may reduce the returns of the Fund. Trading of foreign currencies also includes the risk of clearing and settling trades which, if prices are volatile, may be difficult.

 

6

 

 

CORPORATE AND MUNICIPAL FIXED-INCOME SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in corporate or municipal fixed-income securities. Corporate and municipal fixed income securities purchased by the Fund may be of any credit quality, maturity or yield. Accordingly, the Fund’s fixed-income securities may include “investment grade” securities (those rated at least Baa by Moody’s, BBB by S&P or Fitch or, if not rated, of equivalent quality in the Advisor’s opinion). In addition, the Fund’s fixed-income securities may include lower-rated fixed-income securities including, without limitation, “junk” bonds whose ratings are below investment grade. Fixed-income securities rated Baa by Moody’s or BBB by S&P or Fitch may be considered speculative and are subject to risks of non-payment of interest and principal. Fixed-income securities rated lower than Baa by Moody’s or lower than BBB by S&P or Fitch are generally considered speculative and subject to significant risks of non-payment of interest and principal and greater market fluctuations than higher-rated fixed-income securities. Lower-rated fixed-income securities are usually issued by companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies with questionable credit strength. The retail secondary market for these “junk bonds” may be less liquid than that of higher-rated fixed income securities, and adverse conditions could make it difficult at times to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s net asset value. These risks can reduce the value of the Fund’s shares and the income it earns. Descriptions of the quality ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are included as Appendix A to this SAI. While the Advisor utilizes the ratings of various credit rating services as one factor in establishing creditworthiness, it relies primarily upon its own analysis of factors establishing creditworthiness.

 

The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in fixed-income securities issued by foreign governments or foreign corporations, including in emerging markets. Risks related to foreign securities, including emerging markets, are described above under “Foreign Securities”.

 

MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in money market instruments including U.S. Government obligations or certain types of corporate debt obligations (including those subject to repurchase agreements), provided that they are eligible for purchase by the Fund. Money market instruments also may include Banker’s Acceptances and Certificates of Deposit of domestic branches of banks, Commercial Paper, and Variable Amount Demand Master Notes (“Master Notes”). Banker’s Acceptances are time drafts drawn on and “accepted” by a bank. When a bank “accepts” such a time draft, it assumes liability for its payment. When the Fund acquires a Banker’s Acceptance, the bank that “accepted” the time draft is liable for payment of interest and principal when due. The Banker’s Acceptance carries the full faith and credit of such bank. A Certificate of Deposit (“CD”) is an unsecured, interest bearing debt obligation of a bank. Commercial Paper is an unsecured, short-term debt obligation of a bank, corporation, or other borrower. Commercial Paper maturity generally ranges from two to 270 days and is usually sold on a discounted basis rather than as an interest-bearing instrument. The Fund will invest directly in Commercial Paper only if it is rated in one of the top two rating categories by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or, if not rated, is of equivalent quality in the Advisor’s opinion. Commercial Paper may include Master Notes of the same quality. Master Notes are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand of the holder and that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest. Master Notes will be acquired by the Fund only through the Master Note program of the Fund’s custodian bank, acting as administrator thereof. The Advisor will monitor, on a continuous basis, the earnings power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuer of a Master Note held by the Fund.

 

U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in U.S. government securities such as U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, and U.S. Treasury bills, obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government such as Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (“OPIC”), as well as obligations of U.S. government authorities, agencies, and instrumentalities such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal Housing Administration, Federal Farm Credit Bank (“FFCB”), Federal Home Loan Bank, Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”), and The Tennessee Valley Authority. U.S. government securities may be acquired subject to repurchase agreements. While obligations of some U.S. government sponsored entities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (e.g., GNMA and OPIC), several are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Government (e.g. FNMA and FHLMC), and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuer itself (e.g., SLMA and FFCB). No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities that are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, since it is not obligated to do so by law. The guarantee of the U.S. government does not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares.

 

7

 

 

ZERO COUPON SECURITIES. The Fund may directly or indirectly purchase zero coupon securities. Zero coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity, unlike fixed-income securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Zero coupon securities are bought at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero coupon security. One must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the market and credit risks of a zero coupon security. A zero coupon step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.

 

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a short term investment in which the purchaser acquires a security (normally a U.S. Government security) and the seller agrees to repurchase the security at a future time at a set price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Any repurchase transaction in which the Fund engages will require full collateralization of the seller’s obligation during the entire term of the repurchase agreement. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of the seller, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses in value.

 

REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may also engage in reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.

 

MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in mortgage-backed securities, which may or may not be issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Mortgage-backed securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by private entities or various governmental and government-related entities. The value of some mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like other debt securities investments, the ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the ability of the Advisor to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. Prepayment risk is a major risk of mortgage-backed securities when interest rates are declining.

 

MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in obligations of GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC which include direct pass through certificates representing undivided ownership interests in pools of mortgages. The Fund may invest in such certificates, which are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest (but not as to price and yield) by the issuer. For securities issued by GNMA, the payment of principal and interest is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Mortgage pass-through certificates issued by FNMA or FHLMC are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the credit of the issuing U.S. government agency. Securities issued by other non-governmental entities (such as commercial banks or mortgage bankers) may offer credit enhancement such as guarantees, insurance, or letters of credit. Mortgage pass-through certificates are subject to more rapid prepayment than their stated maturity date would indicate; their rate of prepayment tends to accelerate during periods of declining interest rates or increased property transfers and, as a result, the proceeds from such prepayments may be reinvested in instruments which have lower yields. The impact of prepayments on the price of a security may be difficult to predict and may increase the volatility of the price.

 

COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). CMOs are generally backed by mortgage pass-through securities or whole mortgage loans. CMOs are usually structured into classes of varying maturities and principal payment priorities. The prepayment sensitivity of each class may or may not resemble that of the CMO’s collateral depending on the maturity and structure of that class. CMOs pay interest and principal (including prepayments) monthly, quarterly, or semi-annually. The prices and yields of CMOs are determined, in part, by assumptions about cash flows from the rate of payments of the underlying mortgage. Changes in interest rates may cause the rate of expected prepayments of those mortgages to change. These prepayment risks can make the prices of CMOs very volatile when interest rates change. That volatility will affect the Fund’s share price. Most CMOs are AAA rated, reflecting the credit quality of the underlying collateral; however, some classes carry greater price risk than that of their underlying collateral. The Advisor will invest in classes of CMOs only if their characteristics and interest rate sensitivity fit the investment objective and policies of the Fund.

 

8

 

 

OTHER MORTGAGE RELATED SECURITIES. In addition to the mortgage pass through securities and the CMOs mentioned above, the Fund may also invest directly or indirectly in other mortgage derivative products. In addition to the prepayment risks described above, rapidly rising interest rates could cause prepayments of mortgages to occur at a slower rate than expected, and the expected maturity of short or medium term mortgage-related securities could lengthen as a result. That could cause their values to fluctuate more, and the share price of the Fund to fluctuate more and to fall. Governmental, government-related, and private entities may create other mortgage-related securities offering mortgage pass through and mortgage collateralized instruments in addition to those described herein. As new types of mortgage-related securities are developed and offered to the investment community, the Fund may consider making investments in such new types of mortgage-related securities.

 

ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES. In addition to CMOs, the Fund may invest directly or indirectly in other asset-backed securities backed by loans such as automobile loans, credit card receivables, marine loans, recreational vehicle loans and manufactured housing loans. Typically, asset-backed securities represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of loans and security interests in the collateral securing the loans. Payments of principal and interest on asset-backed securities are passed through monthly to certificate holders and are usually guaranteed up to a certain amount and time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution. In some cases, asset-backed securities are divided into senior and subordinated classes so as to enhance the quality of the senior class. Underlying loans are subject to risks of prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to certificate holders. If the letter of credit is exhausted and the full amounts due on underlying loans are not received because of unanticipated costs, depreciation, damage or loss of the collateral securing the contracts, or other factors, certificate holders may experience delays in payment or losses on asset backed securities. The Fund may invest in other asset backed securities (e.g., equipment trust certificates), including those that may be developed in the future.

 

EQUIPMENT TRUST CERTIFICATES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in equipment trust certificates which are a type of asset-backed security that represents undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of equipment retail installment contracts or leased equipment. The debt issue is secured by the equipment or physical assets, as the title for the equipment is held in trust for the holders of the issue. Equipment trust certificates are subject to the risk that the lessee or payee defaults on its payments, and risks related to potential declines in the value of the equipment that serves as collateral for the issue.

 

VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in variable or floating rate securities that adjust the interest rate paid at periodic intervals based on an interest rate index. Typically, floating rate securities use as their benchmark an index such as the 1-, 3-, or 6-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), 3-, 6-, or 12-month Treasury bills, or the Federal Funds rate. Resets of the rates can occur at predetermined intervals or whenever changes in the benchmark index occur. Changes in the benchmark index and the interest rate may be difficult to predict and may increase the volatility of the price, and have adverse effects on the value of the floating rate securities.

 

LIBOR Risk. LIBOR is used in the U.S. and globally as a “benchmark” or “reference rate” for various commercial and financial contracts, including corporate and municipal bonds, bank loans, asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, interest rate swaps and other derivatives. For example, debt securities in which the Fund invests may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. Derivative investments made by the Fund may also reference LIBOR. In addition, issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests may obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR, and the Fund may use leverage or borrowings based on LIBOR. Over the last several years, global regulators have indicated an intent to phase out the use of LIBOR. ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expect to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. While some LIBOR-linked instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate-setting methodology, not all LIBOR-linked instruments have such provisions and there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative reference rate methodologies, resulting in prolonged adverse market conditions for the Fund. Abandonment of or modifications to LIBOR could have adverse impacts on newly issued financial instruments and existing financial instruments that reference LIBOR. Public and private sector industry initiatives, regulators and market participants are currently engaged in trying to identify potential successor reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate of U.S. Dollar LIBOR and the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate for Sterling LIBOR. However, there still remains uncertainty regarding successor reference rate methodologies and there is no assurance that the composition or characteristics of any alternative reference rate will be similar to or produce the same value or economic equivalence as LIBOR or that instruments using an alternative rate will have the same volume or liquidity as did LIBOR prior to its discontinuance or unavailability. Transition planning is at an early stage, and neither the effect of the transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for instruments whose terms currently include LIBOR. It could also lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against existing LIBOR-based investments. The transition away from LIBOR may also result in operational issues for the Fund and the Advisor, including the need of making regular fair valuation determinations. There also remains uncertainty and risk regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to include enhanced provisions in new and existing contracts or instruments. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the performance of the Fund’s investments or its NAV.

 

9

 

 

SWAPS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in currency, interest rate, index and other swaps, which involve the exchange by an investor with another party of their respective commitments, in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost than if the Fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded the desired return. In the case of interest rate swaps, an investor may exchange with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Use of swaps subjects the investor to risk of default by the counterparties. If there is a default by a counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction although contractual remedies may not be sufficient in the event that a counterparty to the transaction is insolvent. The swap market has grown substantially over the years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. An investor may also enter into currency swaps or other swaps which are similar to interest rate swaps but may be surrogates for other instruments such as currency forwards or options. It is possible that recent developments in the swaps market, including new regulatory requirements, could limit, restrict or prevent the Fund’s ability to utilize swap agreements as part of its investment strategy, terminate existing swap agreements or negatively affect amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

PRIVATE ACTIVITY BONDS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in private activity bonds. The two principal classifications of municipal obligations are “general obligation” and “revenue” bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source, but not from the general taxing power. Private activity bonds are in most cases revenue bonds and do not generally carry the pledge of the credit of the issuing municipality. The Fund’s distributions of any interest it earns on municipal obligations will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, if the proceeds from private activity bonds are used for the construction, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, the interest paid on such bonds may be excluded from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, although current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of these issues. Sizable investments in these obligations could involve an increased risk to the Fund should any of the related facilities experience financial difficulties. The obligations of issuers may become subject to laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures, or local governments of referenda extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Furthermore, as a result of legislation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its municipal obligations may be materially affected.

 

STRIPS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”). STRIPS are created by separating the income and principal components of a debt instrument and selling them separately. U.S. Treasury STRIPS are created when the coupon payments and the principal payment are stripped from an outstanding Treasury bond by the Federal Reserve Bank. Zero coupon U.S. government securities such as STRIPS are debt obligations that are issued or purchased at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the particular interest payment date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. STRIPS do not require the periodic payment of interest. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but generally require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash. These investments may experience greater volatility in market value than U.S. government securities that make regular payments of interest. If the Fund invests in STRIPS, the Fund will accrue income on the investment for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Fund’s distribution obligations, in which case the Fund would forgo the purchase of additional income producing assets with these funds. The value of these instruments tends to fluctuate more in response to changes in interest rates than the value of ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The risk is greater when the period to maturity is longer.

 

DEBENTURES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in debentures. A debenture is a long-term, unsecured, debt instrument backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral, and documented by an indenture. Governments often issue debentures, in part because they generally cannot guarantee debt with assets (government assets are public property). The primary risk with this type of investment is that the issuer will default or go into bankruptcy. As an unsecured creditor, in the event of default or bankruptcy, the holder of a debenture does not have a claim against any specific asset(s) of the issuing firm, so the investor will only be paid from the issuer’s assets after the secured creditors have been paid. The Fund may invest in all types of debentures, including corporate and government debentures.

 

10

 

 

DEMAND NOTES. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in Variable and Floating Rate Demand Notes. Variable and Floating Rate Demand Notes are notes that bear variable or floating interest rates and carry rights that permit holders to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries. Variable rate demand notes have a stated maturity in excess of one year, but permit a holder to demand payment of principal plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days’ notice. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. The issuer has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal of the obligation plus accrued interest upon a specific number of days’ notice to the holders. The interest rate of a floating rate instrument may be based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate, and is reset whenever such rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable rate demand note is reset at specified intervals at a market rate. These formulas are designed to result in a market value for the Variable Rate Demand Note or Floating Rate Demand Note that approximates its par value. Variable and Floating Rate Demand Notes are subject to interest rate risks.

 

INVERSE FLOATERS. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in inverse floaters. Inverse floaters are municipal obligations on which the interest rates typically fall as market rates increase and increase as market rates fall. Changes in market interest rates or the floating rate of the security inversely affect the residual interest rate of an inverse floater. As a result, the price of an inverse floater will be considerably more volatile than that of a fixed-rate obligation when interest rates change. Inverse floaters are a form of derivative investment. Certain derivatives can be used to increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to changing security prices, interest rates or other factors that affect the value of securities. However, these techniques could result in losses to the Fund if the Advisor judges market conditions incorrectly or employs a strategy that does not correlate well with the Fund’s other investments. These techniques can cause losses if the counterparty does not perform its promises. An additional risk of investing in municipal securities that are derivative investments is that their market value could be expected to vary to a much greater extent than the market value of municipal securities that are not derivative investments but have similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturities.

 

ILLIQUID INVESTMENTS. The Fund may not purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid investment if immediately after the acquisition, the value of illiquid investments held by the Fund would exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets. An illiquid investment is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments pose risks of potential delays in resale and uncertainly in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio investments and the Fund may be unable to dispose of illiquid investments promptly or at reasonable prices. Under the supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”), the Advisor determines the liquidity of the Fund’s investments and, through reports from the Advisor, the Trustees monitor investments in illiquid investments. If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, the Fund were in a position where more than 15% of its net assets were invested in illiquid investments, it would seek to take appropriate steps to bring the Fund’s illiquid investments to or below 15% of its net assets per the requirements of Rule 22e-4 of the 1940 Act. The sale of some illiquid and other types of investments may be subject to legal restrictions.

 

If the Fund invests in securities for which there is no ready market, the Fund may not be able to readily sell such securities. Such securities are unlike securities that are traded in the open market, which can be expected to be sold immediately if the market is adequate. The sale price of illiquid securities once realized may be lower or higher than the Advisor’s most recent estimate of their fair market value. Generally, less public information is available about issuers of such illiquid investments than about companies whose securities are publicly traded.

 

RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Within its limitations on investment in illiquid investments, the Fund may purchase restricted securities that generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the federal securities laws, or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If during such a period adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security.

 

Restricted securities are generally considered to be illiquid unless it is determined, based upon a review of the trading markets for a specific restricted security, that such restricted security is liquid because it is so-called “4(a)(2) commercial paper” or is otherwise eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“144A Securities”). Investing in 144A Securities may decrease the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become for a time uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities. The purchase price and subsequent valuation of restricted and illiquid securities normally reflect a discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a liquid market exists.

 

11

 

 

FUNDING AGREEMENTS. Within the limitations on investments in illiquid investments, the Fund may invest in various types of funding agreements. A funding agreement is, in substance, an obligation of indebtedness negotiated privately between an investor and an insurance company. Funding agreements often have maturity-shortening features, such as an unconditional put, that permit the investor to require the insurance company to return the principal amount of the funding agreement, together with accrued interest, within one year or less. Most funding agreements are not transferable by the investor and, therefore, are illiquid, except to the extent the funding agreement is subject to a demand feature of seven days or less. An insurance company may be subject to special protection under state insurance laws, which protections may impair the ability of the Fund to require prompt performance by the insurance company of its payment obligations under the funding agreement.

 

OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase directly or indirectly and write put and call options on securities. The Fund may write put or call options only if the option is “covered” by the Fund holding a position in the underlying securities or by other means that would permit immediate satisfaction of the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option. The purchase and writing of options involves certain risks. During the option period, the covered call writer has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options market, the Fund may be unable to close out a position.

 

FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may directly or indirectly invest in futures contracts. A futures contract is a bilateral agreement to buy or sell a security (or deliver a cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contracts) for a set price in the future. Futures contracts are designated by boards of trade that have been designated “contracts markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). No purchase price is paid or received when the contract is entered into. Instead, the Fund, upon entering into a futures contract (and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts), would be required to segregate cash, cash equivalents, and/or other liquid assets sufficient to satisfy the requirements of Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. In addition, the Fund will need to comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act concerning the use of derivatives.

 

If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” The Fund seeks to earn income on initial and variation margin deposits. The Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. Positions taken in the futures markets are not normally held until delivery or cash settlement is required, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions that may result in a gain or a loss. While futures positions taken by the Fund will usually be liquidated in this manner, the Fund may instead make or take delivery of underlying securities whenever it appears economically advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing organization associated with the exchange on which futures are traded assumes responsibility for closing out transactions and guarantees that as between the clearing members of an exchange, the sale and purchase obligations will be performed with regard to all positions that remain open at the termination of the contract.

 

12

 

 

Securities Index Futures Contracts. Purchases or sales of securities index futures contracts may be used in an attempt to protect the Fund’s current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in securities prices. A securities index futures contract does not require the physical delivery of securities, but merely provides for profits and losses resulting from changes in the market value of the contract to be credited or debited at the close of each trading day to the respective accounts of the parties to the contract. On the contract’s expiration date, a final cash settlement occurs and the futures positions are simply closed out. Changes in the market value of a particular index futures contract reflect changes in the specified index of securities on which the future is based.

 

By establishing an appropriate “short” position in index futures, the Fund may also seek to protect the value of its portfolio against an overall decline in the market for such securities. Alternatively, in anticipation of a generally rising market, the Fund can seek to avoid losing the benefit of apparently low current prices by establishing a “long” position in securities index futures and later liquidating that position as particular securities are in fact acquired. To the extent that these hedging strategies are successful, the Fund will be affected to a lesser degree by adverse overall market price movements than would otherwise be the case.

 

Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may directly or indirectly purchase exchange traded call and put options on futures contracts and write exchange traded call options on futures contracts. These options are traded on exchanges that are licensed and regulated by the CFTC for the purpose of options trading. A call option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to purchase a futures contract (assume a “long” position) at a specified exercise price at any time before the option expires. A put option gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to sell a futures contract (assume a “short” position), for a specified exercise price at any time before the option expires.

 

The Fund will write options only on futures contracts that are “covered.” The Fund will be considered “covered” with respect to a put option it has written if, so long as it is obligated as a writer of the put, the Fund segregates cash, cash equivalents, and/or other liquid assets at all times equal to or greater than the aggregate exercise price of the puts it has written (less any related margin deposited with the futures broker). The Fund will be considered “covered” with respect to a call option it has written on a fixed-income security future if, so long as it is obligated as a writer of the call, the Fund owns a security deliverable under the futures contract. The Fund will be considered “covered” with respect to a call option it has written on a securities index future if the Fund owns securities the price changes of which are, in the opinion of the Advisor, expected to replicate substantially the movement of the index upon which the futures contract is based.

 

Upon the exercise of a call option, the writer of the option is obligated to sell the futures contract (to deliver a “long” position to the option holder) at the option exercise price, which will presumably be lower than the current market price of the contract in the futures market. Upon exercise of a put, the writer of the option is obligated to purchase the futures contract (deliver a “short” position to the option holder) at the option exercise price, which will presumably be higher than the current market price of the contract in the futures market. When the holder of an option exercises it and assumes a long futures position, in the case of a call, or a short futures position, in the case of a put, its gain will be credited to its futures margin account, while the loss suffered by the writer of the option will be debited to its account and must be immediately paid by the writer. However, as with the trading of futures, most participants in the options markets do not seek to realize their gains or losses by exercise of their option rights. Instead, the holder of an option will usually realize a gain or loss by buying or selling an offsetting option at a market price that will reflect an increase or a decrease from the premium originally paid.

 

If the Fund writes options on futures contracts, the Fund will receive a premium but will assume a risk of adverse movement in the price of the underlying futures contract comparable to that involved in holding a futures position. If the option is not exercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium, which may partially offset unfavorable changes in the value of securities held in or to be acquired for the Fund. If the option is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss in the option transaction, which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it has received, but which will offset any favorable changes in the value of its portfolio securities or, in the case of a put, lower prices of securities it intends to acquire.

 

Options on futures contracts can be used by the Fund to hedge substantially the same risks as might be addressed by the direct purchase or sale of the underlying futures contracts. If the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it may obtain benefits similar to those that would result if it held the futures position itself. Purchases of options on futures contracts may present less risk in hedging than the purchase and sale of the underlying futures contracts since the potential loss is limited to the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.

 

13

 

 

The purchase of put options on futures contracts may be used as a means of hedging the Fund’s portfolio against a general decline in market prices. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract may represent a means of hedging the Fund’s portfolio against a market advance when the Fund is not fully invested.

 

The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the underlying securities. If the futures price at expiration is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund’s holdings of securities. The writing of a put option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a futures contract in that it hedges against an increase in the price of securities the Fund intends to acquire. However, the hedge is limited to the amount of premium received for writing the put.

 

Limitations on Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Options and futures can be volatile instruments and involve certain risks. If the Advisor applies a hedge in the Fund’s portfolio at an inappropriate time or judges market movements incorrectly, options and futures strategies may lower the Fund’s return. The Fund could also experience losses if the prices of its options and futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments, or if it could not close out its position because of an illiquid market.

 

In general, the Fund will not directly purchase or sell futures contracts or related options unless either (i) the futures contracts or options thereon are purchased for “bona fide hedging” purposes (as defined under the CFTC regulations); or (ii) if purchased for other purposes, the sum of the amounts of initial margin deposits on the Fund’s existing futures and premiums required to establish non-hedging positions, less the amount by which any such options positions are “in-the-money” (as defined under CFTC regulations) would not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s total assets.

 

In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts or the writing of put options thereon by the Fund, the Fund will segregate an amount of cash, cash equivalents and/or other liquid assets equal to the market value of such futures contracts or options written (less any related margin deposits), to the extent that such deposits are required under the 1940 Act.

 

INVESTMENTS IN COMPANIES WITH BUSINESS RELATED TO COMMODITIES. As explained under “Fundamental Restrictions” below, the Fund does not invest directly in commodities. However, the Fund may from time to time invest directly or indirectly in securities of companies whose business is related to commodities, or in registered investment companies or other companies that invest directly or indirectly in commodities. For example, the Fund may invest in companies whose business is related to mining of precious or other metals (e.g., gold, silver, etc.) or registered investment companies that invest in securities of mining companies and related instruments (including, without limitation, the underlying commodities). Investments in equity securities of companies involved in mining or related precious metals industries, and the value of the investment companies and other companies that invest in precious metals and other commodities are subject to a number of risks. For example, the prices of precious metals or other commodities can make sharp movement, up or down, in response to cyclical economic conditions, political events or the monetary policies of various countries, any of which may adversely affect the value of companies who business is related to such commodities, or the value of investment companies and other companies investing in such business or commodities. Furthermore, such companies are subject to risks related to fluctuations of prices and perceptions of value in commodities markets generally.

 

Risks related to investing in gold and other precious metals include production risks caused by geologic and environmental factors. Furthermore, investments related to precious metals may fluctuate in value sharply over short periods of time and are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial, and political factors.

 

LISTED PRIVATE EQUITY. The Fund may directly or indirectly invest in listed private equity companies (i.e., private equity companies that are listed on a national securities market). In addition to the risks associated with the Fund’s direct investments, the Fund is also subject to the underlying risks which affect the listed private equity companies in which the Fund invests. Listed private equity companies are subject to various risks depending on their underlying investments, which could include, but are not limited to, additional liquidity risk, industry risk, non-U.S. security risk, currency risk, valuation risk, credit risk, managed portfolio risk and derivatives risk.

 

14

 

 

LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the Fund may lend portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets to broker-dealers, major banks, or other recognized domestic institutional borrowers of securities that the Advisor has determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the Board. In determining whether the Fund will lend securities, the Advisor will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. The Fund may not lend securities to any company affiliated with the Advisor. Each loan of securities will be collateralized by cash, securities, or letters of credit. The Fund might experience a loss if the borrower defaults on the loan.

 

The borrower at all times during the loan must maintain with the Fund cash or cash equivalent collateral, or provide to the Fund an irrevocable letter of credit equal in value to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned. While the loan is outstanding, the borrower will pay the Fund any interest paid on the loaned securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral to earn additional income. Alternatively, the Fund may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income from the borrower who has delivered equivalent collateral or a letter of credit. It is anticipated that the Fund may share with the borrower some of the income received on the collateral for the loan or the Fund will be paid a premium for the loan. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower at any time. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan, and may pay a negotiated portion of the income earned on the cash to the borrower or placing broker. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. If the Fund invests cash collateral from the borrower, there is the risk that such investment may result in a financial loss. In such an event, the Fund would be required to repay the borrower the cash collateral out of the Fund’s assets.

 

Where voting rights with respect to the loaned securities pass with the lending of the securities, the Advisor intends to call the loaned securities to vote proxies, or to use other practicable and legally enforceable means to obtain voting rights, when the Advisor believes a material event affecting the loaned securities will occur or the advisor otherwise believes it necessary to vote.

 

The Fund did not have any income from securities lending activity during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022.

 

ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY RISKS. Domestic and foreign governments and agencies thereof often adopt an active approach to managing economic conditions within a nation, which may have material effects on the securities markets within the nation. A government may pursue supportive policies that include, but are not limited to, lowering corporate and personal tax rates and launching simulative government spending programs designed to improve the national economy or sectors thereof. Agencies of a government, including central banks, may pursue supporting policies that include, but are not limited to, setting lower interest rate targets and buying and selling securities in the public markets. Governments and agencies thereof may also attempt to slow economic growth if the pace of economic growth is perceived to be too great and pose a long-term risk to the economy or a sector thereof. In each instance, the actions taken may be less successful than anticipated or may have unintended adverse consequences. Such a failure or investor perception that such efforts or support are failing could negatively affect securities markets generally, as well as result in higher interest rates, increased market volatility and reduced value and liquidity of certain securities, including securities held by the Fund.

 

In addition, governments and agencies thereof may enact additional regulation or engage in deregulation that negatively impacts the general securities markets or a sector thereof. Given the potential broad scope and sweeping nature of some regulatory actions, the potential impact a regulatory action may have on securities held by the Fund may be difficult to determine and may not be fully known for an extended period of time. Accordingly, regulatory actions could adversely affect the Fund.

 

OPERATIONAL RISK. An investment in the Fund involves operational risk arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. Any of these failures or errors could result in a loss or compromise of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there is no guarantee that the Fund will not suffer losses due to operational risk.

 

15

 

 

CYBERSECURITY RISK. The Fund and its service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity. A breach in cybersecurity refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause the Fund to lose or compromise confidential, proprietary or private personal information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity. Breaches in cybersecurity include, among other things, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential proprietary or private personal information or various other operational disruptions. Successful cybersecurity breaches of the Fund and/or the Fund’s investment adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent or other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders. For instance, a successful cybersecurity breach may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of confidential, proprietary or private personal shareholder information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and/or cause reputational damage. The Fund relies on third-party service providers for many of the day-to-day operations, and is therefore subject to the risk that the protections and protocols implemented by those service providers will be ineffective in protecting the Fund from cybersecurity breaches. Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investments in such companies to lose value. There is no guarantee the Fund will be successful in protecting against or responding to cybersecurity breaches.

 

TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITIONS. The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. In such circumstances, Fund may also hold up to 100% of its portfolio in Cash Positions. When the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

 

BORROWING. The Fund may, subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act, borrow money in order to meet redemption requests or for extraordinary or emergency purposes. Borrowing involves the creation of a liability that requires the Fund to pay interest. In the event the Fund should ever borrow money under these conditions, such borrowing could increase the Fund’s costs and thus reduce the value of the Fund’s assets. In an extreme case, if the Fund’s current investment income were not sufficient to meet the interest expense of borrowing, it could be necessary for the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments at an inopportune time.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

The Fund has adopted the following investment limitations, which cannot be changed without approval by holders of a majority of its outstanding voting shares. A “majority” for this purpose means the lesser of (i) 67% of the Fund’s outstanding shares represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at which more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares. Unless otherwise indicated, percentage limitations apply at the time of purchase of the applicable securities.

 

FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTIONS. As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:

 

(1) Issue senior securities, except as permitted by the 1940 Act;

 

(2) Borrow money (including, without limitation, borrowing to meet redemptions), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this investment restriction, the entry into options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices shall not constitute borrowing;

 

(3) Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent related to the deposit of assets in escrow in connection with writing covered put and call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and collateral and initial or variation margin arrangements with respect to options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices;

 

(4) Act as underwriter except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain federal securities laws;

 

 

16

 

 

(5) Make loans, provided that the Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount up to 33% of total Fund assets, and provided further that, for purposes of this restriction, investment in U.S. Government obligations, short-term commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and repurchase agreements shall not be deemed to be the making of a loan;

 

(6) Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate; provided, however, that the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in real estate (including, without limitation, investments in REITs and mortgage-backed securities);

 

(7) Invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers in any particular industry. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. Government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions (other than revenue bonds issued in connection with an identifiable industry; e.g., healthcare or education) and investments in other registered investment companies are not considered to be issued by members of any industry; and

 

(8) Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices and may purchase interests in equity securities issued by companies (including, without limitation, investment companies) that hold or invest in one or more commodities as their sole or principal business activity.

 

NON-FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTIONS. The following investment limitations are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. As a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Fund may not knowingly:

 

(1) Purchase securities on margin (but the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions). For purposes of this limitation, short sales of securities and futures trades, forward contracts or similar trades requiring margin deposits or other use of a margin account are not considered purchasing securities on margin;

 

(2) Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management over a portfolio company;

 

(3) Invest in interests in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs, although the Fund may invest in the common stock of companies that invest in or sponsor such programs;

 

(4) Purchase warrants if as a result the Fund would then have more than 5% of its total net assets (taken at the lower of cost or current value) invested in warrants; and

 

(5) Invest more than 15% of its net assets (as measured at the time of investment) in illiquid securities, except for securities qualifying for resale under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Rule 144A”), determined by the Advisor to be liquid, subject to the oversight of the Board. The Fund will not be required to sell illiquid securities if it exceeds the 15% limit due to market activity or the sale of liquid securities. In these situations, however, the Fund will take appropriate measures to reduce the percentage of its assets invested in illiquid securities.

 

With respect to the “fundamental” and “non-fundamental” investment restrictions above, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction (i.e., percentage limitations are determined at the time of purchase): provided, however, that the treatment of the fundamental restrictions related to borrowing money and issuing senior securities are exceptions to this general rule.

 

Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, subject to the requirements and in accordance with applicable SEC regulations and interpretations (including Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act).

 

17

 

 

The 1940 Act permits the Fund to borrow money from banks in an amount up to one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less its liabilities (not including any borrowings but including the fair market value at the time of computation of any other senior securities then outstanding). In general, the Fund may not issue any class of senior security, except that the Fund may (i) borrow from banks, provided that immediately following any such borrowing there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all Fund borrowings and in the event such asset coverage falls below 300%, the Fund will within three days (excluding holidays and Sundays) or such longer period as the SEC may prescribe by rules and regulation, reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings shall be at least 300%, and (ii) engage in trading practices that could be deemed to involve the issuance of a senior security, including options, futures, forward contracts and reverse repurchase agreements, provided that the Fund does so in compliance with applicable SEC regulations and interpretations (including Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act).

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

 

Subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Advisor is responsible for, makes decisions with respect to, and places orders for all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the Fund. The Advisor shall manage the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the terms of the investment advisory agreement between the Advisor and the Fund, which is described in detail under “Management and Other Service Providers – Investment Advisor.” The Advisor serves as investment adviser for a number of client accounts, in addition to the Fund.

 

Brokerage Selection. The Fund has adopted, and the Board has approved, policies and procedures relating to the direction of portfolio securities transactions to brokers. In accordance with these policies and procedures, in selecting brokers to be used in portfolio transactions, the Advisor’s general guiding principle is to obtain the best overall execution for each trade, which is a combination of price and execution. With respect to execution, the Advisor considers a number of factors, including, without limitation, the actual handling of the order, the ability of the broker to settle the trade promptly and accurately, the financial standing of the broker, the ability of the broker to position stock to facilitate execution, the Advisor’s past experience with similar trades and other factors that may be unique to a particular order. Recognizing the value of these judgmental factors, the Advisor may select brokers who charge a brokerage commission that is higher than the lowest commission that might otherwise be available for any given trade. The Advisor may not give consideration to sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in selecting brokers to execute portfolio transactions. The Advisor may, however, place portfolio transactions with brokers that promote or sell the Fund’s shares so long as such transactions are done in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Board that are designed to ensure that the selection is consistent with the Advisor’s obligation to obtain best execution and not based upon the broker’s sales efforts.

 

Under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the investment advisory agreement, the Advisor is authorized to pay a brokerage commission in excess of what another broker might have charged for effecting the same transaction, in recognition of the value of brokerage and/or research services provided by the broker. The research received by the Advisor may include, without limitation: information on the U.S. and other world economies; information on specific industries, groups of securities, individual companies, political and other relevant news developments affecting markets and specific securities; technical and quantitative information about markets; analysis of proxy proposals affecting specific companies; accounting and performance systems that allow the Advisor to determine and track investment results; and trading systems that allow the Advisor to interface electronically with brokerage firms, custodians and other providers. Research may be received in the form of written reports, telephone contacts, personal meetings, research seminars, software programs and access to computer databases. In some instances, research products or services received by the Advisor may also be used by the Advisor for functions that are not research related (i.e., not related to the making of investment decisions). Where a research product or service has a mixed use, the Advisor will make a reasonable allocation according to its use and will pay for the non-research function in cash using its own funds.

 

The research and investment information services described above make available to the Advisor for its analysis and consideration the views and information of individuals and research staffs of other securities firms. These services may be useful to the Advisor in connection with advisory clients other than the Fund and not all such services may be useful to the Advisor in connection with the Fund. Although such information may be a useful supplement to the Advisor’s own investment research in rendering services to the Fund, the value of such research and services is not expected to materially reduce the expenses of the Advisor in the performance of its services under the investment advisory agreement and will not reduce the management fees payable to the Advisor by the Fund.

 

18

 

 

The Fund may invest in securities traded in the OTC market. In these cases, the Fund may initiate trades through brokers on an agency basis and pay a commission in connection with the transaction. The Fund may also effect these transactions by dealing directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved, in which case the costs of such transactions would involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions.

 

During the fiscal years ended August 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Fund paid $127,239, $79,097, and $72,999, respectively, in brokerage commissions. The increase in brokerage commissions paid in the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022 was a result of the increase in Fund assets as compared to previous years. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022, the Fund did not pay brokerage commissions to brokers providing research services to the Fund.

 

Aggregated Trades. While investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other accounts advised or managed by the Advisor, such other advisory clients may invest in the same securities as the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Advisor may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for other investment companies or accounts advised or managed by the Advisor in executing transactions. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made as part of an aggregated trade, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner that the Advisor believes to be equitable to the Fund and other participating accounts. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund.

 

Portfolio Turnover. The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio securities owned during the reporting period. The calculation excludes all securities whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover of the Fund may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year and may be affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements that enable the Fund to receive favorable tax treatment. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor in making investment decisions, and the Fund may engage in short-term trading to achieve its investment objectives. High rates of portfolio turnover could lower performance of the Fund due to increased transaction costs and may also result in the realization of short-term capital gains taxed at ordinary income tax rates. During the last two fiscal years, the portfolio turnover rates of the Fund were:

 

Fund   Fiscal Year Ended
August 31,
2022
  Fiscal Year Ended
August 31,
2021
 
WSTCM Credit Select Risk-Managed Fund   837%   337%  

 

The Fund exhibited increased levels of portfolio turnover due to heightened levels of interest rate volatility and swings in the high yield bond market during the period, which prompted the model to be more active relative to when the asset class is broadly rising.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust, which is a statutory trust organized under Delaware law on June 27, 2013, is an open-end management investment company. The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Trust Instrument”) authorizes the Board to divide shares into series, each series relating to a separate portfolio of investments, and to classify and reclassify any unissued shares into one or more classes of shares of each such series. The Fund is currently the only series of the Trust.

 

The Fund has two classes of shares, which are referred to as “Institutional Shares” and “Investor Shares.” Each class of shares represents an interest in the same assets of the Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects, except that (1) the classes bear different (or no) levels of sales loads and different expenses; (2) certain class specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees incurred by a specific class of shares, the expense of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, fees or expenses incurred by members of the Board (the “Trustees”) as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares; and (3) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements (see below for additional information). The number of shares of the Trust shall be unlimited. When issued for payment as described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, shares of the Fund will be fully paid and non-assessable and shall have no preemptive or conversion rights.

 

19

 

 

In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or the Fund, shareholders would be entitled to receive the assets available for distribution belonging to the Fund. Shareholders of the Fund are entitled to participate equally in the net distributable assets of the Fund upon liquidation, based on the number of shares of the Fund that are held by each shareholder. At any time where there is more than one series of the Trust, if there are any assets, income, earnings, proceeds, funds, or payments that are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular fund, the Board shall allocate them among any one or more of the funds as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable.

 

Shareholders of all series of the Trust, including the Fund, will vote together and not separately on a series-by-series or class-by-class basis, except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interests of the shareholders of a particular series or class. The Trust has adopted a Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan that contains the general characteristics of, and conditions under which the Trust may offer multiple classes of shares of each series. Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each series or class affected by the matter. A series or class is affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each series or class in the matter are substantially identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the series or class. Under Rule 18f-2, the approval of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a series only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such series. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees may be effectively acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting together, without regard to a particular series or class. Rights of shareholders cannot be modified by less than a majority vote.

 

Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share and a fractional vote for each fractional share held. Shares of all series of the Trust have equal voting rights and liquidation rights. Shares have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees and, in this event, the holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect any Trustees. Rights of shareholders cannot be modified by less than a majority vote. The Trust will comply with the provisions of Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act in order to facilitate communications among shareholders.

 

The Trustees will hold office indefinitely, except that: (i) any Trustee may resign or retire; and (ii) any Trustee may be removed: (a) any time by written instrument signed by at least two-thirds of the number of Trustees prior to such removal; (b) at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust; or (c) by a written declaration signed by shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. In case a vacancy on the Board shall for any reason exist, the vacancy shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Trustees, subject to certain restrictions under the 1940 Act. Otherwise, there will normally be no meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, and the Trust does not expect to hold an annual meeting of shareholders.

 

The Trust Instrument provides that the Trustees will not be liable in any event in connection with the affairs of the Trust, except as such liability may arise from a Trustee’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties. It also provides that all third parties shall look solely to the Trust property for satisfaction of claims arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. With the exceptions stated, the Trust Instrument provides that a Trustee or officer is entitled to be indemnified against all liability in connection with the affairs of the Trust.

 

The Trust will not hold annual shareholders’ meetings unless required by law. There will normally be no annual meeting of shareholders in any year in which the election of Trustees by shareholders is not required by the 1940 Act. As set forth in the Trust’s By-Laws, shareholders of the Trust have the right, under certain conditions, to call a special meeting of shareholders, including a meeting to consider removing a Trustee.

 

20

 

 

MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

The Board is responsible for the management and supervision of the Fund. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and those companies that furnish services to the Fund; reviews performance of the Fund; and oversee the business activities of the Fund. This section of the SAI provides information about the persons who serve as Trustees and executive officers to the Trust, as well as the entities that provide services to the Trust.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS. Following are the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust, their age and address, their present position with the Trust, and their principal occupation during the past five years. Those Trustees who are “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act and those Trustees who are not an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”), are identified in the table. The address of each Trustee and executive officer of the Trust, unless otherwise indicated, is 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246.

 

Name and Age   Position(s)
held with
Trust
  Length
of Time
Served
  Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
  Other
Directorships
Held by Trustee
During the Past 5 Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
James H. Speed, Jr.
(born 1953)
  Trustee   Since 2013   Retired, Private Investor.   1   Independent Trustee of Centaur Mutual Fund Trust for its three series; Chesapeake Investment Trust for its one series; Independent Trustee of Hillman Capital Management Investment Trust for its one series, Brown Capital Management Mutual Fund for its four series, and Starboard Investment Trust for its fourteen series (all registered investment companies); Member of Board of Directors of M&F Bancorp, Inc.; Member of Board of Directors of Investors Title Company.
Thomas G. Douglass
(born 1956)
  Trustee   Since 2013   Principal, Douglass and Douglass, Attorneys.   1   Independent Trustee of Centaur Mutual Fund Trust for its three series.
INTERESTED TRUSTEE*
Wayne F. Wilbanks
(born 1960)
  Trustee and President   Since 2013   Managing Principal and Chief Investment Officer of the Advisor.   1   None

 

* Mr. Wilbanks is an Interested Trustee because he is an employee and a principal of the Advisor.

 

21

 

 

Name and Age   Position(s)
held with
Trust
  Length
of Time
Served
  Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
  Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee
  Other
Directorships
Held by Trustee
During the Past 5 Years
OTHER EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Vanessa Mercurio Gildea
(born 1980)

  Chief Compliance Officer   Since 2020   Chief Compliance Officer of the Advisor and Attorney.   n/a   n/a
Roger H. Scheffel Jr.
(born 1968)
  Vice President   Since 2013   Portfolio manager of the Advisor.   n/a   n/a
Stephen L. Preston
(born 1966)
  AML Compliance Officer   Since 2013  

Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC and Chief Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC.

  n/a   n/a
Carol J. Highsmith
(born 1964)
  Secretary   Since 2020  

Vice President and Senior Counsel of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC.

  n/a   n/a
Angela A. Simmons
(born 1975)
  Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)   Since 2022   Vice President - Financial Administration of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC.   n/a   n/a

 

Board Structure

 

The Trust’s Board includes two Independent Trustees and one Interested Trustee. Mr. Speed, one of the Trust’s Independent Trustees, serves as Chairman of the Board. The Chairman generally presides at all Board Meetings, Executive Sessions of the Independent Trustees and meetings of the Committee of Independent Trustees. The Chairman facilitates communication and coordination between the Independent Trustees and management and works closely with Trust counsel. He also reviews meeting agendas for the Board and the information provided by management to the Independent Trustees. He is also assisted by Mr. Wilbanks as President of the Trust. Mr. Wilbanks, with the assistance of the Trust’s other officers, oversees the daily operations of the Fund, including monitoring the activities of all of the Fund service providers.

 

The Board believes that its leadership structure, including having two out of three Trustees as Independent Trustees, coupled with the responsibilities undertaken by Mr. Wilbanks as President and Mr. Speed as the Chairman, is appropriate and in the best interests of the Trust. The Board also believes its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Trust management.

 

With respect to risk oversight, the Board holds four regular meetings each year to consider and address matters involving the Trust and its series. During these meetings, the Board receives reports from Trust management, the Fund’s administrator, transfer agent and distributor, and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”), on regular quarterly items and, where appropriate and as needed, on specific issues. As part of its oversight function, the Board also may hold special meetings or communicate directly with Trust management or the CCO to address matters arising between regular meetings.

 

22

 

 

Board Committee. The Board has established a Committee of Independent Trustees, the principal functions of which are: (i) to appoint, retain and oversee the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm; (ii) to meet separately with the independent registered public accounting firm and receive and consider a report concerning its conduct of the audit, including any comments or recommendations it deems appropriate; (iii) to select and nominate all persons to serve as Independent Trustees; (iv) to act as the Trust’s proxy voting committee under the Trust’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy; and (v) to act as the Trust’s qualified legal compliance committee (“QLCC”), as defined in the regulations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In selecting and nominating persons to serve as Independent Trustees, the Committee will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders of the Trust.

 

Messrs. Speed and Douglass are the members of the Committee of Independent Trustees. The Committee of Independent Trustees met once during the Trust’s last fiscal year.

 

Risk Oversight. The operation of a mutual fund, including its investment activities, generally involves a variety of risks. As part of its oversight of the Fund, the Board oversees risk through various regular board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through its Committee of Independent Trustees, reviews reports from, among others, the Advisor, the Trust’s CCO, the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, and outside legal counsel, regarding risks faced by the Fund and the risk management programs of the Advisor, with respect to the Fund’s investment and trading activities, and certain service providers. The actual day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund resides with the Advisor, for the Fund’s investment and trading activities, and other service providers to the Fund. Although the risk management policies of the Advisor and the service providers are designed to be effective, there is no guarantee that they will anticipate or mitigate all risks. Not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, eliminated or mitigated and some risks simply may not be anticipated or may be beyond the control of the Board or the Advisor or other service providers. The Independent Trustees meet separately with the Trust’s CCO at least annually, outside the presence of management, to discuss issues related to compliance. Furthermore, the Board receives an annual written report from the Trust’s CCO regarding the operation of the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust and its primary service providers. As part of its oversight function, the Board also may hold special meetings or communicate directly with Trust management or the Trust’s CCO to address matters arising between regular meetings.

 

The Board also receives quarterly reports from the Advisor on the investments and securities trading of the Fund, including the Fund’s investment performance, as well as reports regarding the valuation of the Fund’s securities. The Board also receives quarterly reports from the Fund’s administrator, transfer agent and distributor on regular quarterly items and, where appropriate and as needed, on specific issues. In addition, in its annual review of the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, the Board will review information provided by the Advisor relating to its operational capabilities, financial condition and resources. The Board also conducts an annual self-evaluation that includes a review of its effectiveness in overseeing, among other things, the number of funds in the Trust and the effectiveness of the Board’s committee structure.

 

Qualification of Trustees

 

The Board has considered each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes and skills in light of the Board’s function and the Trust’s business and structure, and has determined that each Trustee possesses experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that enable the Trustee to be an effective member of the Board. In this regard, the Board has considered the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills for each Trustee:

 

Mr. Wilbanks has experience in and knowledge of the financial industry as an investor, and in his roles as a portfolio manager and CEO of the Advisor. Mr. Douglass has experience in and knowledge of the financial industry as an individual investor and in his role as a trustee on another mutual fund board. He is also an attorney with experience in dealing with trusts and has knowledge of securities laws from previously serving as an arbitrator for the National Association of Securities Dealers, which is now part of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Mr. Speed has experience in and knowledge of the financial industry as an individual investor and in his role as a trustee on several other mutual fund boards. He also has business experience as a past President and CEO of an insurance company and as past President of a company in the business of consulting and private investing.

 

23

 

 

The Board has determined that, collectively, the Trustees’ careers and background, combined with their interpersonal skills and general understanding of financial and other matters, enable the Trustees to effectively participate in and contribute to the Board’s functions and oversight of the Trust. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.

 

Beneficial Ownership of Shares of the Fund. The table below shows, for each Trustee, the value of shares of the Fund beneficially owned, and the aggregate value of investments in shares of the Fund in the Fund complex, as of December 31, 2021, and stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1–$10,000; C = $10,001–$50,000; D = $50,001–$100,000; and E = over $100,000.

 

Name of Trustee* Dollar Range of Shares
of the Fund Owned by Trustee
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in
All Registered Investment Companies Overseen
By Trustee in Family of Investment Companies*
James H. Speed, Jr. C C
Thomas G. Douglass B B
Wayne F. Wilbanks E E

 

* The Fund is not part of a Family of Investment Companies.

 

Ownership in Fund Affiliates. As of December 31, 2021, none of the Independent Trustees, nor members of their immediate families, owned, beneficially or of record, securities of the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter or any affiliate of the Advisor or the principal underwriter.

 

Compensation. Officers of the Trust and the Trustees who are interested persons of the Trust or the Advisor receive no salary from the Trust. The Fund pays Trustees who are not affiliated with the Advisor a fee of $8,500 each year, plus $500 for each meeting attended in person or by telephone. The Fund reimburses each Trustee and officer of the Trust for his or her travel and other expenses relating to attendance at Board or committee meetings. The following table reflects the amount of compensation received by each Trustee during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022:

 

Name of Trustee Aggregate
Compensation
From the Fund
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Accrued
as Part of Trust
Expenses
Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from the Trust
Paid to Trustees
Independent Trustees
James H. Speed, Jr. $10,500 None None $10,500
Thomas G. Douglass $10,500 None None $10,500
Interested Trustees
Wayne F. Wilbanks None None None None

 

24

 

 

Principal Holders of Voting Securities. As of November 30, 2022, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned beneficially (i.e., had direct or indirect voting and/or investment power) less than 1% of the then outstanding shares of the Investor Shares and the Institutional Shares of the Fund. On the same date, the following shareholders owned of record more than 5% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Fund:

 

Investor Shares:

 

Name and Address of Record Owner*   Amount
of Ownership
Percentage
Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Special Custody A/C FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105    996,866.229 shares 92.37%

 

Institutional Shares

 

Name and Address of Record Owner*   Amount
of Ownership
Percentage
Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Special Custody A/C FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Fund Dept 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105   10,003,673.242 shares 82.454%

TD Ameritrade Inc./FBO OUR Customers

PO Box 2226

Omaha, NE 68103-2226

  1,477,830.364 shares 12.18%

National Financial Services, LLC

499 Washington Blvd

Jersey City, NJ 07310

  611,709.972 shares 5.04%

 

* A shareholder owning of record or beneficially more than 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares may be considered a controlling person. That shareholder’s vote could have a more significant effect on matters presented at a shareholders’ meeting than the vote of other shareholders. However, the Fund does not believe that such entity has a beneficial interest of such shares.

 

CODES OF ETHICS. The Trust, the Advisor and the Fund’s principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, that is designed to prevent personnel of the Trust, the Advisor and the Fund’s principal underwriter subject to the codes from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund (which securities may also be held by persons subject to the codes). The codes of ethics permit personnel of the Trust, the Advisor and the principal underwriter subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, subject to certain restrictions and pre-approval requirements. In addition, the codes of ethics of the Trust, the Advisor and the principal underwriter require that access persons of such entities report their personal securities transactions and holdings, which are reviewed for compliance with the code of ethics.

 

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM. The Trust has adopted an anti-money laundering (“AML”) program, as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent the Fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities. The Trust’s AML Compliance Officer is responsible for implementing and monitoring the operations and internal controls of the program. Compliance officers at certain of the Fund’s service providers are also responsible for monitoring aspects of the AML program. The AML program is subject to the continuing oversight of the Board.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES. The Trust has adopted a proxy voting and disclosure policy that delegates to the Advisor the authority to vote proxies for the Fund, subject to oversight of the Board. In the event of a conflict between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, on the other hand, the Trust’s proxy voting committee (which is comprised of Independent Trustees) is responsible for determining how the Fund should cast its votes. Copies of the Trust’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy and the Advisor’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy are included as Appendix B to this SAI.

 

No later than August 31 of each year, the Trust Files Form N-PX with the SEC. Form N-PX states how the Trust voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30. The Trust’s proxy voting records, as set forth in its most recent Form N-PX filing, are available upon request, without charge, by calling 1-866-515-4626. This information is also available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

25

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISOR. Information about the Advisor, Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management, LLC, d/b/a WST Capital Management, 150 W. Main Street, Suite 1700, Norfolk, VA 23510, and its duties and compensation is described in the Prospectus. The Advisor, organized as a Virginia limited liability company, is controlled by Wayne F. Wilbanks.

 

The Advisor supervises the Fund’s investments pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. The Fund’s investment advisory agreement is effective for a one-year period and will remain in effect on a year to year basis thereafter only so long as such renewal and continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, provided the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees. The Fund’s investment advisory agreement is terminable without penalty on 60 days’ notice by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement provides that it will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.

 

The Advisor manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated investment objective and policies of the Fund, subject to the oversight of the Board. The Advisor is responsible for investment decisions, and provides the Fund with portfolio managers to execute purchases and sales of securities.

 

Under the investment advisory agreement, the Advisor is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the investment advisory agreement relates, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services; or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on the part of the Advisor in the performance of its duties; or from the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the investment advisory agreement.

 

The Advisor receives a monthly advisory fee equal to an annual rate of 0.60% of the Fund’s net assets. In addition, the Advisor has entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement on behalf of the Fund, under which the Advisor has agreed to waive or reduce its fees and to assume other expenses of the Fund, if necessary, in an amount that limits annual operating expenses (exclusive of interest, taxes, brokerage fees and commissions, other expenditures that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business, and payments, if any, under the Rule 12b-1 Plan) to not more than 1.15% of the Fund’s average daily net assets until January 1, 2024. It is expected that the Expense Limitation Agreement will continue from year-to-year provided such continuance is approved by the Board.

 

During the last three fiscal years the Advisor received the following management fees, net of fee waivers, from the Fund:

 

    Advisory
Fees Accrued
    Advisory
Fee Waivers
    Net Advisory
Fees Received
by Advisor
 
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2022   $ 562,532     $ 11,493     $ 551,039  
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2021   $ 391,574     $ 0     $ 391,574  
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2020   $ 291,552     $ 22,910     $ 268,642  

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS. A management team consisting of Wayne F. Wilbanks, CFA, Roger H. Scheffel, Jr. and Tom McNally, CMT, CFA is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio.

 

Compensation. Each of the portfolio managers receives a base salary from the Advisor. Each of Messrs. Scheffel and McNally also receive compensation based on the amount of portfolio assets he respectively manages. In addition, as stated above, Mr. Wilbanks is the controlling owner of the Advisor, and is accordingly entitled to profits related to his ownership. The portfolio managers’ compensation is not directly linked to the Fund’s performance, though positive performance and growth in managed assets are factors that may contribute to the Advisor’s revenues and distributable profits.

 

26

 

 

Ownership of Fund Shares. The table below shows the value of shares of the Fund owned by each portfolio manager as of August 31, 2022, stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1–$10,000; C = $10,001–$50,000; D = $50,001–$100,000; E = $100,001–$500,000; F = $500,001–$1,000,000; and G = over $1,000,000.

 

Portfolio Manager Dollar Range of
Shares of the Fund
Wayne F. Wilbanks F
Roger H. Scheffel, Jr. A
Tom McNally C

 

Other Accounts. In addition to the Fund, the portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts. The table below shows the number of, and total assets in, such other accounts as of August 31, 2021.

 

Name of Portfolio Manager Type of Accounts Total
Number
of Other
Accounts
Managed
Total
Assets
of Other
Accounts
Managed
Number of
Accounts
Managed
with Advisory
Fee Based on
Performance
Total Assets
of Accounts
with Advisory
Fee Based on
Performance
Wayne F. Wilbanks Other Registered Investment Companies:
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:
Other Accounts:
0
0
910
$0
$0 $1.1 billion
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
Roger H. Scheffel Jr. Other Registered Investment Companies:
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:
Other Accounts:
0
0
233
$0
$0
$339.7 million
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
Tom McNally Other Registered Investment Companies:
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:
Other Accounts:
0
0
110
$0
$0
$19.3 million
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

 

Conflicts of Interests. The portfolio managers’ management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. These other accounts include separately managed private clients and other pooled investment vehicles (the “Other Accounts”). The Other Accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Fund, be compared to the same indices as the Fund, or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased, or sold by the Fund.

 

Knowledge of the Timing and Size of Fund Trades: A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers’ day-to-day management of the Fund. The portfolio managers know the size and timing of trades for the Fund and the Other Accounts, and may be able to predict the market impact of Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of Other Accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Fund, or vice versa.

 

Investment Opportunities: The Advisor provides investment supervisory services for a number of investment products that have varying investment guidelines. The same portfolio management team works across all investment products. Differences in the compensation structures of the Advisor’s investment products may give rise to a conflict of interest by creating an incentive for the Advisor to allocate the investment opportunities it believes might be the most profitable to the client accounts where it might benefit the most from the investment gains.

 

27

 

 

ADMINISTRATOR, FUND ACCOUNTANT AND TRANSFER AGENT. Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (“Ultimus”), 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, serves as the Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent to the Fund pursuant to an Administration Agreement, a Fund Accounting Agreement and a Transfer Agent and Shareholder Services Agreement (the “Service Agreements”).

 

As Administrator, Ultimus assists in supervising all operations of the Fund (other than those performed by the Advisor under the investment advisory agreement). Ultimus has agreed to perform or arrange for the performance of the following services (under the Service Agreements, Ultimus may delegate all or any part of its responsibilities thereunder):

 

  prepare and assemble reports required to be sent to the Fund’s shareholders and arrange for the printing and dissemination of such reports;

 

  assemble reports required to be filed with the SEC and file such completed reports with the SEC;

 

  arrange for the dissemination to shareholders of the Fund’s proxy materials and oversee the tabulation of proxies;

 

  file the Fund’s federal income and excise tax returns and the Fund’s state and local tax returns;

 

  assist in monitoring compliance of the Fund’s operations with the 1940 Act and with its investment policies and limitations; and

 

  make such reports and recommendations to the Board as the Board reasonably requests or deems appropriate.

 

For providing these administration services, Ultimus receives a monthly fee from the Fund based on its average daily net assets (subject to a minimum fee per month), plus out-of-pocket expenses.

 

As Fund Accountant, Ultimus maintains the accounting books and records for the Fund, including journals containing an itemized daily record of all purchases and sales of portfolio securities, all receipts and disbursements of cash and all other debits and credits, general and auxiliary ledgers reflecting all asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts, including interest accrued and interest received, and other required separate ledger accounts. Ultimus also maintains a monthly trial balance of all ledger accounts; performs certain accounting services for the Fund, including calculation of the net asset value per share, calculation of the dividend and capital gain distributions, reconciles cash movements with the Fund’s custodian, verifies and reconciles with the custodian all daily trade activities; provides certain reports; obtains prices used in determining net asset value; and prepares interim balance sheets, statements of income and expense, and statements of changes in net assets for the Fund. For providing these fund accounting services, Ultimus receives from the Fund a base monthly fee plus an asset based fee.

 

As Transfer Agent, Ultimus performs the following services in connection with the Fund’s shareholders: maintains records for each of the Fund’s shareholders of record; processes shareholder purchase and redemption orders; processes dividend payments and reinvestments; and assists in the mailing of shareholder reports and proxy solicitation materials. For providing these shareholder services, Ultimus receives from each Fund an annual per account fee, subject to a minimum fee per month.

 

The Service Agreements, unless otherwise terminated as provided in the Service Agreements, are renewed automatically for successive one-year periods. During the last three fiscal years, Ultimus received the following fees from the Fund for its services as Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent:

 

    Administration     Fund
Accounting
    Transfer Agent  
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2022   $ 93,911     $ 45,390     $ 31,500  
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2021   $ 65,393     $ 42,542     $ 28,750  
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2020   $ 48,637     $ 40,868     $ 28,000  

 

28

 

 

DISTRIBUTOR. Foreside Fund Services, LLC, whose principal location is at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, is the distributor (also known as principal underwriter) of the shares of the Fund. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA).

 

Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a commercially reasonable efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of shares of the Fund. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.

 

The Distributor is not compensated by the Fund except as allowed under the Fund’s Distribution Plan, but instead is paid by the Advisor who pays the Distributor for certain distribution related services.

 

The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Advisor, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

 

CUSTODIAN. U.S. Bank, N.A. (the “Custodian”), 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, serves as custodian for the Fund’s assets. The Custodian acts as the depository for the Fund, safekeeps its portfolio securities, collects all income and other payments with respect to portfolio securities, disburses monies at the Fund’s request and maintains records in connection with its duties as Custodian.

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. The Board has selected the firm of Cohen & Company, Ltd. to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund for the current fiscal year and to audit the annual financial statements of the Fund, prepare the Fund’s federal, state and excise tax returns, and consult with the Fund on matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation. Such firm will audit the financial statements of the Fund at least once each year. A copy of the most recent Annual Report will accompany this SAI whenever a shareholder or a prospective investor requests it.

 

LEGAL COUNSEL. Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, 4208 Six Forks Road, Suite 1400, Raleigh, North Carolina 27609, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.

 

ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION

 

Reference is made to “Investing in the Fund” in the Prospectus for more information concerning how to purchase and redeem shares. The following information supplements the information regarding share purchases and share redemptions in the Prospectus:

 

PURCHASES. Shares of the Fund are offered and sold on a continuous basis. The purchase price of shares of the Fund is the net asset value next determined after the order is received in proper form (plus any applicable sales charge). Net asset value is normally determined as of the time regular trading closes on the NYSE on days that the NYSE is open for regular trading (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday, except when the NYSE closes earlier), as described under “Net Asset Value” below. An order received prior to the time regular trading closes on the NYSE will be executed at the price computed on the date of receipt and an order received after the time regular trading closes on the NYSE will be executed at the price computed on the next business day. The Fund’s net asset values are not calculated on business holidays when the NYSE is closed. Trading in foreign securities may take place in various foreign markets on certain days when the Fund is not open for business and does not calculate its net asset value.

 

The Fund reserves the right in its sole discretion: (i) to suspend the offering of its shares; (ii) to reject purchase orders when in the judgment of management such rejection is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders; and (iii) to reduce or waive the minimum for initial and subsequent investments in the Advisor’s sole discretion (including circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in sales of Fund shares).

 

29

 

 

Regular Account. The regular account allows for voluntary investments to be made at any time. Available to individuals, custodians, corporations, trusts, estates, corporate retirement plans, and others, investors are free to make additions to and withdrawals from their account. When an investor makes an initial investment in the Fund, a shareholder account is opened in accordance with the investor’s registration instructions. Each time there is a transaction in a shareholder account, such as an additional investment or the reinvestment of a dividend or distribution, the shareholder will receive a confirmation statement showing the current transaction, along with a summary of the status of the account as of the transaction date. As stated in the Prospectus, share certificates are not issued.

 

Automatic Investment Plan. The automatic investment plan enables shareholders to make regular monthly or quarterly investments in shares through automatic charges to their checking account. With shareholder authorization and bank approval, the Administrator will automatically charge the checking account for the amount specified ($100 minimum) that will be automatically invested in shares at the public offering price on or about the 15th and/or last business day of the month. The shareholder may change the amount of the investment or discontinue the plan at any time by writing to the Fund.

 

REDEMPTIONS. The Fund may suspend redemption privileges or postpone the date of payment (i) during any period that the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or when trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC; (ii) during any period when an emergency exists as defined by the rules of the SEC as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities owned by it, or to determine fairly the value of its assets; and (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recording of the transfer of shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. Any redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost depending on the market value of the securities held by the Fund. No charge is made by the Fund for redemptions other than the possible charge by the Custodian for wiring redemption proceeds or any charges by your broker-dealer or financial institution.

 

An irrevocable election has been filed pursuant to Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, wherein the Fund must pay redemptions in cash, rather than in kind, to any shareholder of record of the Fund who redeems during any 90-day period, the lesser of (a) $250,000 or (b) 1% of the Fund’s net assets at the beginning of such period. Redemption requests in excess of this limit may be satisfied in cash or in kind at the Fund’s election. If the Fund redeems your shares in kind, you will bear the market risks associated with maintaining or selling the securities paid as redemption proceeds. In addition, when you sell the securities, you will pay any taxes and brokerage charges associated with selling the securities.

 

Involuntary Redemptions. In addition to the situations described in the Prospectus under “Redeeming Shares,” the Fund may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse it for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased by the shareholder, to collect any charge relating to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder that is applicable to Fund shares as provided in the Prospectus from time to time, or to close a shareholder’s account if the Fund is unable to verify the shareholder’s identity.

 

Systematic Withdrawal Plan. Shareholders owning shares in the Fund valued at more than $5,000 may establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan. A shareholder may receive monthly or quarterly payments, in amounts of not less than $100 per payment, by authorizing the Fund to redeem the necessary number of shares periodically (each month, or quarterly in the months of March, June, September, and December) in order to make the payments requested. The Fund has the capability of electronically depositing the proceeds of the systematic withdrawal directly to the shareholder’s personal bank account ($5,000 minimum per bank wire). If the shareholder prefers to receive his/her systematic withdrawal proceeds in cash, or if such proceeds are less than the $5,000 minimum for a bank wire, checks will be made payable to the designated recipient and mailed within seven days of the valuation date. If the designated recipient is other than the registered shareholder, the signature of each shareholder must be guaranteed on the application (see “Redeeming Shares – Signature Guarantees” in the Prospectus). A corporation (or partnership) must also submit a “Corporate Resolution” (or “Certification of Partnership”) indicating the names, titles, and required number of signatures authorized to act on its behalf. The application must be signed by a duly authorized officer(s) and the corporate seal affixed. Costs in conjunction with the administration of the plan are borne by the Fund. Shareholders should be aware that such systematic withdrawals may deplete or use up entirely their initial investment and may result in realized long-term or short-term capital gains or losses. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan may be terminated at any time by the Fund upon 60 days’ written notice or by a shareholder upon written notice to the Fund. Applications and further details may be obtained by calling the Fund at 1-866-515-4626 or by writing to:

 

WSTCM Credit Select Risk-Managed Fund
c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC
P.O. Box 46707
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246-0707

 

30

 

 

DISTRIBUTION PLAN

 

The Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plan”) for its Investor Shares. See the section entitled “Investing in the Fund – Distribution of Shares” in the Prospectus. As required by Rule 12b-1, the Plan was approved by the Board and separately by a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan. The Plan provides that the Trust’s Distributor or Treasurer shall provide to the Board, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended pursuant to the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures. The Board will take into account the expenditures for purposes of reviewing operation of the Plan and in connection with its annual consideration of the renewal of the Plan.

 

Potential benefits of the Plan to the Fund include improved shareholder services and savings to the Fund in certain operating expenses. It is anticipated that the Plan will benefit shareholders because an effective sales program typically is necessary in order for the Fund to reach and maintain a sufficient size to achieve efficiently its investment objectives and to realize economies of scale.

 

Under the Plan, the Fund may annually expend up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets allocable to Investor Shares to pay for any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of those shares and the servicing of shareholder accounts, provided that the Board has approved the category of expenses for which payment is being made. Such expenditures paid as distribution fees to any person who sells shares may not exceed 0.25% for Investor Shares per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Such expenditures may include, without limitation: (a) the printing and mailing of Fund Prospectuses, statements of additional information, any supplements thereto and shareholder reports for prospective shareholders; (b) those relating to the development, preparation, printing and mailing of advertisements, sales literature and other promotional materials describing and/or relating to the Fund; (c) obtaining information and providing explanations to wholesale and retail distributors of contracts regarding Fund investment objectives and policies and other information about the Fund, including the performance of the Fund; (d) training sales personnel regarding the Fund; and (e) financing any activity that the Distributor determines is primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares. The Fund does not participate in any joint distribution activities with other investment companies.

 

During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022, the Fund incurred distribution expenses of $34,536, 100% of which was compensation paid to broker-dealers for the sale or retention of Fund shares.

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

The Fund may enter into agreements with financial intermediaries pursuant to which the Fund may pay financial intermediaries for non-distribution-related sub-transfer agency, administrative, sub-accounting, and other shareholder services. Payments made pursuant to such agreements are generally based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary, or (2) the number of Fund shareholders serviced by a financial intermediary. Any payments made pursuant to such agreements may be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, distribution fees the Fund may pay to financial intermediaries pursuant to the Fund’s distribution plan.

 

Other Payments by the Advisor

 

The Advisor and/or its affiliates, in their discretion, may make payments from their own resources and not from Fund assets to affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Fund, its service providers or their respective affiliates, as incentives to help market and promote the Fund and/or in recognition of their distribution, marketing, administrative services, and/or processing support.

 

31

 

 

These additional payments may be made to financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares or provide services to the Fund, the Distributor or shareholders of the Fund through the financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel and/or fund supermarkets. Payments may also be made through the financial intermediary’s retirement, qualified tuition, fee-based advisory, wrap fee bank trust, or insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. These payments may include, but are not limited to, placing the Fund in a financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel or on a preferred or recommended fund list; providing business or shareholder financial planning assistance; educating financial intermediary personnel about the Fund; providing access to sales and management representatives of the financial intermediary; promoting sales of Fund shares; providing marketing and educational support; maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, administrative or shareholder transaction processing services. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services.

 

The Advisor and/or its affiliates may also make payments from their own resources to financial intermediaries for costs associated with the purchase of products or services used in connection with sales and marketing, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs, client and investor entertainment and other sponsored events. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.

 

Revenue sharing payments may be negotiated based on a variety of factors, including the level of sales, the amount of Fund assets attributable to investments in the Fund by financial intermediaries’ customers, a flat fee or other measures as determined from time to time by the Advisor and/or its affiliates. A significant purpose of these payments is to increase the sales of Fund shares, which in turn may benefit the Advisor through increased fees as Fund assets grow.

 

Investors should understand that some financial intermediaries may also charge their clients fees in connection with purchases of shares or the provision of shareholder services.

 

SPECIAL SHAREHOLDER SERVICES

 

The Fund offers the following special shareholder services:

 

TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION. To transfer shares to another owner, send a written request to WSTCM Credit Select Risk-Managed Fund, c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, P.O. Box 46707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246-0707. Your request should include the following: (i) the Fund’s name and existing account registration; (ii) signature(s) of the registered owner(s) exactly as the signature(s) appear(s) on the account registration; (iii) the new account registration, address, social security or taxpayer identification number, and how dividends and capital gains are to be distributed; (iv) Medallion signature guarantees (See the heading “Redeeming Shares – Signature Guarantees” in the Prospectus); and (v) any additional documents that are required for transfer by corporations, administrators, executors, trustees, guardians, etc. If you have any questions about transferring shares, call or write the Fund.

 

EMPLOYEES AND AFFILIATES OF THE FUND

 

The Fund has adopted initial investment minimums for the purpose of reducing the cost to the Fund (and consequently to the shareholders) of communicating with and servicing its shareholders. In keeping with this purpose, the Fund may accept accounts with less than the minimum investment from Trustees, officers and employees of the Fund and the Advisor and certain parties related thereto, including clients of the Advisor or any sponsor, officer, committee member thereof, or members of their immediate family. In addition, accounts having the same mailing address may be aggregated for purposes of the minimum investment requirements if such shareholders consent in writing to sharing a single mailing of shareholder reports, proxy statements (but each such shareholder would receive his/her own proxy), and other Fund literature.

 

32

 

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Board has adopted policies that govern the disclosure of portfolio holdings. These policies are intended to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund and to address possible conflicts of interest. Under the Trust’s policies, the Trust and the Advisor generally will not disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a third party unless such information is made available to the public. The policies provide that the Trust and the Advisor may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information as required by law and under other limited circumstances that are set forth in more detail below.

 

The Fund will make available to the public a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings, as reported on a fiscal quarter basis. This information is generally available within 60 days of the Fund’s fiscal quarter end and will remain available until the next fiscal quarter’s portfolio holdings report becomes available. You may obtain a copy of these quarterly portfolio holdings reports by calling the Fund at 1-866-515-4626. The Fund will also file these quarterly portfolio holdings reports with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N-PORT, as applicable. The Fund’s Form N-CSR and Form N-PORT are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The first and third quarter portfolio holdings reports will be filed with the SEC on Form N-PORT and the second and fourth fiscal quarter portfolio holdings reports will be included with the semiannual and annual financial statements, respectively, which are sent to shareholders and filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR.

 

The Fund and/or the Advisor may, from time to time make additional portfolio holdings information available to the public on their website at www.wstcmfunds.com. Complete lists of the Fund’s holdings are generally posted to the website within five to thirty days of the end of the calendar quarter or month and such information will remain available until new information for the next calendar quarter or month is posted. The Fund may also send a portion or all of this information to shareholders of the Fund and to mutual fund analysts and rating and trading entities; provided that the Fund will not send this information to shareholders of the Fund or analysts or rating and/or trading entities until such information is at least 30 days old or until one day after the information has been posted to the Fund’s website.

 

The officers of the Trust and/or the Advisor may share non-public portfolio holdings information with the Fund’s service providers that require such information for legitimate business and Fund oversight purposes, such as the Fund’s fund accountant and administrator, transfer agent, distributor, custodian, independent registered public accounting firm, and legal counsel as identified in the Fund’s Prospectus and SAI, FilePoint Edgar Services, Financial Graphic Services, Inc., and Blu Giant, LLC (financial edgarizing, typesetting and printing firms). The Fund and/or the Advisor may also provide non-public portfolio holdings information to appropriate regulatory agencies as required by applicable laws and regulations. The Fund’s service providers receiving such non-public information are subject to confidentiality obligations requiring such service providers to keep non-public portfolio holdings information confidential. Certain of the service providers have codes of ethics that prohibit trading based on, among other things, non-public portfolio holdings information.

 

The Fund and/or the Advisor may, from time to time, provide additional portfolio holdings information in the form of quarterly or monthly management letters; provided, however, that the Fund and/or the Advisor will not send such quarterly or monthly management letters to shareholders until such information is either filed with the SEC or publicly disclosed on the Fund’s website. In addition, non-public portfolio holdings information and other information regarding the investment activities of the Fund may also be disclosed to rating and ranking organizations for use in connection with their rating or ranking of the Fund. The Fund will be providing non-public portfolio holdings information to the rating or ranking organizations listed in the table that follows. Each disclosure arrangement has been authorized by the Trust and/or the Advisor in accordance with the Fund’s disclosure of portfolio holdings policy upon a determination that this disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose of the Fund and that each organization is subject to a duty of confidentiality. Below is a table listing the groups that will be receiving non-public portfolio holdings information along with the types of information received, conditions or restrictions on use, timing of disclosure and any compensation received for providing portfolio information.

 

33

 

 

Name of
Rating or
Ranking Group
  Information Provided   Timing of Release
and Conditions or Restrictions on Use
  Receipt of Compensation or other Consideration by the Fund or Affiliated Party
Morningstar, Inc.   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions.   None
Lipper   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions. Lipper indicates that it will not trade based on the Fund’s portfolio information, and it prohibits its employees from any such trading.   None
Bloomberg L.P.   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions. Bloomberg indicates that it requires all employees to sign confidentiality agreements acknowledging all information received during their employment must be used for legitimate business purposes only.   None
S&P Global Inc.   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions. S&P indicates that its employees are required to follow a code of business conduct that prohibits them from using portfolio information for anything other than performing their job responsibilities, and S&P employees must certify annually that they have followed this code of business conduct.   None
Thomson Reuters   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions. Thomson Financial indicates that it requires all employees to sign confidentiality agreements acknowledging that all information received during their employment must be used for legitimate business purposes only.   None
FactSet   CUSIP, description, shares/par, market value   Provided quarterly, with a 60-day lag. No formal conditions or restrictions.   None

 

The Fund currently does not provide non-public portfolio holdings information to any other third parties. In the future, the Fund may elect to disclose such information to other third parties if the appropriate officers of the Trust determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so and the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality. The Advisor, through its officers, is responsible for determining which other third parties have a legitimate business purpose for receiving the Fund’s portfolio holdings information.

 

The Fund’s policies regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings are subject to the continuing oversight and direction of the Board. The Advisor and Ultimus are required to report to the Board any known disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to unauthorized third parties. The Fund has not entered (and does not currently intend to enter) into any arrangement providing for the receipt of compensation or other consideration in exchange for the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information, other than the benefits that result to the Fund and its shareholders from providing such information, which include the publication of Fund ratings and rankings.

 

34

 

 

PRICING OF SHARES

 

The net asset value and the public offering price (net asset value plus any applicable sales charge) of shares of the Fund are normally determined as of the time regular trading closes on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday, except when the NYSE closes earlier). The Fund’s net asset values are not calculated on business holidays or weekends when the NYSE is closed. The NYSE generally recognizes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Any other holiday recognized by the NYSE will be deemed a business holiday on which the net asset value of the Fund will not be calculated.

 

In computing the net asset value for the Fund, all Fund-specific liabilities incurred or accrued are deducted from the net assets of the Fund. The resulting net assets are divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding at the time of the valuation and the result is the net asset value per share.

 

The pricing and valuation of portfolio securities is determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established by, and under the direction of, the Board. Market values are determined according to generally accepted accounting practices and all laws and regulations that apply. Using methods approved by the Board, the assets of the Fund are generally valued as follows:

 

  Securities that are listed on a securities exchange or quoted on a national market system are valued at the last quoted sales price at the time the valuation is made. Price information on listed securities is taken from the exchange where the security is primarily traded by the Fund.

 

  Securities that are listed on an exchange and that are not traded on the valuation date are valued at the most recent closing bid price.

 

  Securities that are quoted by NASDAQ are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price.

 

  Unlisted securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the latest quoted sales price, if available, at the time of valuation, otherwise, at the latest quoted bid price.

 

  Options are valued at the mean of the last quoted bid and ask prices at the time of valuation. If no bid quotation is readily available at the time of valuation, the option shall be valued at the mean of the last quoted ask price and $0.00. In determining bid and ask prices for exchange listed options, pricing will be based on bid and ask prices as reported on the option’s primary exchange. For purposes of determining the primary exchange, the following applies: (i) if the option is traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (“CBOE”), the CBOE is considered the primary exchange unless the Advisor identifies a different primary exchange for the option; and (ii) if the option does not trade on the CBOE, the Advisor identifies the primary exchange for the option. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an option may be valued at fair value when (i) the option does not trade on the valuation date; or (ii) reliable last quoted bid and/or ask prices as of the time of valuation are not readily available.

 

  Securities for which no current quotations are readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board.

 

  Futures contracts are generally valued at the last quoted sales price on the applicable valuation date.

 

  One or more pricing services may be utilized to determine the value of securities held by the Fund. The methods used by independent pricing services and the quality of valuations so established are reviewed by the Advisor and the Fund’s administrator under general supervision of the Board.

 

  Open-end investment companies, not listed on an exchange, including mutual funds and money market funds, are valued at the net asset value reported by such open-ended investment companies.

 

35

 

 

  Fixed-income securities are normally valued on the basis of prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services approved by the Board of Trustees, which are generally determined with consideration given to institutional bid and last sale prices and take into account securities prices, yield, maturity, call features, ratings, institutional sized trading in similar groups of securities and developments related to specific securities.

 

Securities traded on a foreign stock exchange may be valued based upon the closing price on the principal exchange where the security is traded; however, because the value of securities traded on foreign stock exchanges may be materially affected by events occurring before the Fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which such securities are traded, such securities will typically be priced at their fair value as determined by independent pricing services. As a result, the prices of securities used to calculate the Fund’s net asset value may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Values of foreign securities are translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates supplied by an independent pricing quotation service, if available, otherwise based on the mean of the current bid and ask prices of such currency as last quoted by any recognized dealer or major banking institution. Gains or losses between trade and settlement dates resulting from changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency are borne by the Fund. Subject to the provisions of the Trust Instrument, determinations by the Board as to the direct and allocable liabilities and the allocable portion of any general assets with respect to the Fund are conclusive.

 

To the extent the assets of the Fund are invested in other open-end investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act and are not traded on an exchange, the Fund’s NAV is calculated based upon the NAVs reported by such registered open-end investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

 

ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION

 

The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning and are based on tax laws and regulations that are in effect on the date hereof; such laws and regulations may be changed by legislative, judicial, or administrative action. Investors are advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations.

 

The Fund is treated as a separate corporate entity under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and has qualified and intends to remain qualified as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to so qualify, the Fund must elect to be a regulated investment company or have made such an election for a previous year and must satisfy certain requirements relating to the amount of distributions and source of its income for a taxable year. At least 90% of the gross income of the Fund must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks, securities, or foreign currencies, and other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and net income derived from an investment in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” as defined in Internal Revenue Code section 851(h). Any income derived by the Fund from a partnership (other than a “qualified publicly traded partnership”) or trust is treated as derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies only to the extent that such income is attributable to items of income that would have been qualifying income if realized by the Fund in the same manner as by the partnership or trust.

 

The Fund may not qualify as a regulated investment company for any taxable year unless it satisfies certain requirements with respect to the diversification of its investments at the close of each quarter of the taxable year. In general, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash, cash items, government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities which, with respect to any one issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund nor more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. In addition, not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities (other than government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer; the securities of two or more issuers (other than securities of another regulated investment company) if the issuers are controlled by the Fund and they are, pursuant to Department of Treasury (“U.S. Treasury”) Regulations, engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses; or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The Fund intends to satisfy all requirements on an ongoing basis for continued qualification as a regulated investment company.

 

36

 

 

A regulated investment company that fails this asset-diversification test in addition to other cure provisions previously permitted, has a 6-month period to correct any failure without incurring a penalty if such failure is “de minimis”. Such cure right is similar to that previously and currently permitted for a REIT.

 

Similarly, if a regulated investment company fails this asset-diversification test and the failure is not de minimis, a regulated investment company can cure such failure if: (a) the regulated investment company files a description of each asset that causes the investment company to fail the diversification tests; (b) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect; and (c) the failure is cured within six months (or such other period specified by the Treasury) of the last day of the quarter in which such failure is discovered. In such cases, a tax is imposed on the regulated investment company equal to the greater of: (a) $50,000 or (b) an amount determined by multiplying the highest rate of tax (currently 21%) by the amount of net income generated during the period of the asset-diversification test failure by the assets that caused the regulated investment company to fail the asset-diversification test.

 

Under current tax law, qualifying corporate dividends are taxable at long-term capital gains tax rates. The long-term capital gains rate for individual taxpayers is currently at a maximum rate of 20%, with lower rates potentially applicable to taxpayers depending on their income levels. For 2022, individual taxpayers with taxable incomes above $459,750 ($517,200 for married taxpayers filing jointly and $488,500 for heads of households) are subject to a 20% rate of tax on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends. For individual taxpayers with taxable incomes not in excess of $41,675 ($83,350 for married taxpayers filing jointly and $55,800 for heads of household), the long-term capital gains rate and rate on qualified dividends is 0%. All other taxpayers are subject to a maximum 15% rate of tax on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends. The above income thresholds are subject to adjustment for inflation.

 

Taxable dividends paid by the Fund to corporate shareholders will be taxed at corporate income tax rates. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction (“DRD”) for a portion of the dividends paid and designated by the Fund as qualifying for the DRD.

 

If the Fund designates a dividend as a capital gains distribution, it generally will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the shareholders have held their Fund shares or whether the dividend was received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. All taxable dividends paid by the Fund other than those designated as qualified dividend income or capital gains distributions will be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. To the extent the Fund engages in increased portfolio turnover, short-term capital gains may be realized, and any distribution resulting from such gains will be considered ordinary income for federal tax purposes.

 

Shareholders who hold Fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a retirement plan, generally will not have to pay tax on Fund distributions until they receive distributions from their account.

 

Individuals (and certain other non-corporate entities) are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to taxable ordinary dividends from REITs and certain taxable income from publicly traded partnerships. Regulated investment companies that receive qualified REIT dividend income may designate such amounts as Section 199A dividends. Qualified REIT dividend income is the excess of qualified REIT dividends received by the regulated investment company over the amount of the regulated investment company’s deductions that are properly allocable to such income. If the Fund designates a dividend as a Section 199A distribution, it may be treated by shareholders as a qualified REIT dividend that is taxed as ordinary income and for non-corporate taxpayers eligible for the 20% deduction for “qualified business income” under Code section 199A. Generally, only non-corporate shareholders who have held their shares for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days prior to the ex-dividend date for such dividend are eligible for such treatment.

 

Regulated investment companies that receive business interest income may pass through business interest income under Code section 163(j) as a “section 163(j) interest dividend.” A regulated investment company’s total section 163(j) interest dividend amount for a tax year is limited to the excess of the regulated investment company’s business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. The final Treasury Regulations provide that a registered investment company shareholder that receives a section 163(j) interest dividend many treat the dividend as interest income for purposes of section 163(j), subject to holding period requirements and other limitations.

 

37

 

 

The Fund will designate (1) any distribution that constitutes a qualified dividend as qualified dividend income; (2) any tax-exempt distribution as an exempt-interest dividend; (3) any distribution of long-term capital gains as a capital gain dividend; (4) any dividend eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction; (5) any distribution that is comprised of qualified REIT dividend income as a Section 199A dividend; and (6) any distribution that constitutes excess Code section 163(j) interest income as a Section 163(j) interest dividend as such in a written notice provided to shareholders after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.. Shareholders should note that, upon the sale or exchange of Fund shares, if the shareholder has not held such shares for at least six months, any loss on the sale or exchange of those shares will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the capital gain dividends received with respect to the shares.

 

To the extent that a distribution from the Fund is taxable, it is generally included in a shareholder’s gross income for the taxable year in which the shareholder receives the distribution. However, if the Fund declares a dividend in October, November, or December, but pays it in January, it will be taxable to shareholders as if the dividend was received in the year it was declared. Every year, each shareholder will receive a statement detailing the tax status of any Fund distributions for that year.

 

The Fund’s net realized capital gains from securities transactions will be distributed only after reducing such gains by the amount of any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital losses may be carried forward to offset any capital gains.

 

To the extent that the Fund has capital loss carryforwards from prior tax years, those carryforwards will reduce the net capital gains that can support the Fund’s distribution of Capital Gain Dividends. If the Fund uses net capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning on or before December 22, 2010 (pre-2011 losses), those carryforwards will not reduce the Fund’s current earnings and profits, as losses incurred in later years will. As a result, if the Fund then makes distributions of capital gains recognized during the current year in excess of net capital gains (as reduced by carryforwards), the portion of the excess equal to pre-2011 losses factoring into net capital gain will be taxable as an ordinary dividend distribution, even though that distributed excess amount would not have been subject to tax if retained by the Fund. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund regains or distributes such gains. A regulated investment company is permitted to carry forward net capital losses indefinitely and may allow losses to retain their original character (as short or as long-term). For net capital losses recognized prior to such date, such losses are permitted to be carried forward up to 8 years and are characterized as short-term. These capital loss carryforwards may be utilized in future years to offset net realized capital gains of the Fund, if any, prior to distributing such gains to shareholders.

 

Certain individuals, estates and trusts must pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income” including, among other things, dividends and proceeds of sale in respect of securities like the shares, subject to certain exceptions. Prospective investors should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this surtax on their ownership and disposition of the shares.

 

A 4% nondeductible excise tax is imposed on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses). The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income and any capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.

 

If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for the special federal income tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, all of its taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders). In such event, dividend distributions (whether or not derived from interest on tax-exempt securities) would be taxable as qualified dividends to individual shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and would be eligible for the DRD for corporations, provided in each case that certain holding period and other requirements are met.

 

In general, a shareholder who sells or redeems shares will realize a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term or short-term depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for Fund shares. An exchange of shares may be treated as a sale and any gain may be subject to tax.

 

The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of taxable dividends or of gross proceeds realized upon sale paid to shareholders who have failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number in the manner required, who are subject to withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to include properly on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends, or who have failed to certify to the Fund that they are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so, or that they are “exempt recipients.”

 

38

 

 

Depending upon the extent of the Fund’s activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, the Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities. In addition, in those states and localities that have income tax laws, the treatment of the Fund and its shareholders under such laws may differ from their treatment under federal income tax laws.

 

Dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% unless reduced by treaty (and the shareholder files a valid Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN, or other applicable form, with the Fund certifying foreign status and treaty eligibility) or the non-U.S. shareholder files an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI, or other applicable form, with the Fund certifying that the investment to which the distribution relates is effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business of such non-U.S. shareholder (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by such non-U.S. shareholder). The Fund may elect not to withhold the applicable withholding tax on any distribution representing a capital gain dividend to a non-U.S. shareholder. Special rules may apply to non-U.S. shareholders with respect to the information reporting requirements and withholding taxes and non-U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the application of such reporting requirements and withholding taxes.

 

Under sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax at a rate of 30% on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with the extensive reporting and withholding requirements under FATCA designed to inform the U.S. Treasury of certain U.S. owned foreign assets and accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable it to determine whether FATCA withholding is required. The Fund will disclose the information that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation. Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

Mutual funds are required to report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis information for fund shares purchased and/or sold on or after January 1, 2012. In addition to the present law requirement to report the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, the Fund is also required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. In the absence of an election by a shareholder to elect from available IRS accepted cost basis methods, the Fund will use a default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. The requirement to report only the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares will continue to apply to all fund shares acquired through December 31, 2011, and sold on and after that date.

 

The Fund will send shareholders information each year on the tax status of dividends and distributions. A dividend or capital gains distribution paid shortly after shares have been purchased, although in effect a return of investment, is subject to federal income taxation. Dividends from net investment income, along with capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders, whether received in cash or reinvested in Fund shares and no matter how long the shareholder has held Fund shares, even if they reduce the NAV of shares below the shareholder’s cost, and thus, in effect, result in a return of a part of the shareholder’s investment.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PERFORMANCE

 

From time to time, the total return of the Fund may be quoted in advertisements, sales literature, shareholder reports, or other communications to shareholders. The “average annual total return” of the Fund refers to the average annual compounded rate of return over the stated period that would equate an initial investment in the Fund at the beginning of the period to its ending redeemable value, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions and deduction of all recurring charges. Performance figures will be given for the most recent one, five and ten year periods, or for the life of the Fund if it has not been in existence for any such periods. When considering “average annual total return” figures for periods longer than one year, it is important to note that the Fund’s annual total return for any given year might have been greater or less than its average for the entire period. “Cumulative total return” represents the total change in value of an investment in the Fund for a specified period (again reflecting changes in Fund share prices and assuming reinvestment of Fund distributions).

 

39

 

 

The following is a brief description of how performance is calculated. Quotations of average annual total return for the Fund will be expressed in terms of the average annual compounded rate of return of a hypothetical investment in the Fund over periods of one year, five years and ten years or since inception (as applicable). These are the average annual total rates of return that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value.

 

The average annual total return (before taxes) is calculated by finding the average annual compounded rates of return over the applicable period that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending value using the following formula:

 

P(1+T)n = ERV

 

Where P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000

 

The average annual total return (after taxes on distributions) is calculated by finding the average annual compounded rates of return over the applicable period that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending value using the following formula:

 

P(1+T)n = ATVD

 

Where P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATVD = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption

 

The average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares) is calculated by finding the average annual compounded rates of return over the applicable period that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending value using the following formula:

 

P(1+T)n = ATVDR

 

Where P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATVDR = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption

 

The calculations of average annual total return and cumulative total return assume an initial $1,000 investment and reinvestment of all dividends and capital gains distributions on the reinvestment dates during the period. The ending redeemable value is determined by assuming complete redemption of the hypothetical investment and the deduction of all nonrecurring charges at the end of the period covered by the computations. These performance quotations should not be considered as representative of the Fund’s future performance. The table below shows the Fund’s average annual total returns for the periods ended August 31, 2022:

 

    One
Year
   

Five
Years

    Since Inception
(September 30, 2014)
 
Institutional Shares   (2.49)%   3.20%     3.69%  
Investor Shares   (2.92)%   2.88%     3.41%  

 

40

 

 

The Fund’s performance may be compared in advertisements, sales literature, shareholder reports, and other communications to the performance of other mutual funds having similar objectives or to standardized indices or other measures of investment performance. Comparative performance may also be expressed by reference to a ranking prepared by a mutual fund monitoring service or by one or more newspapers, newsletters, or financial periodicals. The Fund may also occasionally cite statistics to reflect its volatility and risk. The Fund may also compare its performance to other published reports of the performance of unmanaged portfolios of companies. The performance of such unmanaged portfolios generally does not reflect the effects of dividends or dividend reinvestment. The Fund may also compare its performance to other reports of the performance of managed accounts of the Advisor. Of course, there can be no assurance the Fund will experience the same results. Performance comparisons may be useful to investors who wish to compare the Fund’s past performance to that of other mutual funds and investment products. Of course, past performance is not a guarantee of future results.

 

The Fund’s performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings and net asset value per share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and net asset value are factors in the computation of total return as described above.

 

As indicated, from time to time, the Fund may advertise its performance compared to similar funds or portfolios using certain indices, reporting services, and financial publications. These may include the following:

 

  Lipper ranks funds in various fund categories by making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specific period of time.

 

  Morningstar, Inc., an independent rating service, rates mutual funds of all types according to their risk-adjusted returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for one month.

 

Investors may use such indices in addition to the Fund’s Prospectus to obtain a more complete view of the Fund’s performance before investing. Of course, when comparing the Fund’s performance to any index, factors such as composition of the index and prevailing market conditions should be considered in assessing the significance of such comparisons. When comparing funds using reporting services or total return, investors should take into consideration any relevant differences in funds such as permitted portfolio compositions and methods used to value portfolio securities and to compute offering price. Advertisements and other sales literature for the Fund may quote total returns that are calculated on non-standardized base periods. The total returns represent the historic change in the value of an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of dividends, over a specified period of time.

 

From time to time, the Fund may include in advertisements and other communications charts and illustrations relating to inflation and the effects of inflation on the dollar, including the purchasing power of the dollar at various rates of inflation. The Fund may also disclose from time to time information about its portfolio allocation and holdings at a particular date. The Fund may also depict the historical performance of the securities in which the Fund may invest over periods reflecting a variety of market or economic conditions either alone or in comparison with alternative investments, performance indices of those investments, or economic indicators. The Fund may also include in advertisements and in materials furnished to present and prospective shareholders statements or illustrations relating to the appropriateness of types of securities and/or mutual funds that may be employed to meet specific financial goals, such as saving for retirement, children’s education, or other future needs.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The Fund’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022, including the Financial Highlights appearing in the Prospectus, are incorporated by reference and made a part of this document. Copies of the Fund’s audited financial statements may be obtained at no charge by calling or writing the Fund at the phone number and address shown on the first page of the SAI.

 

41

 

 

APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS

 

The Fund may acquire from time to time fixed-income or debt securities as described in the Prospectus and this SAI. The Fund is not restricted with respect to yield, maturity, or credit quality of any fixed-income or debt securities, so that the Fund may purchase fixed-income or debt securities that are of high quality “investment grade” (“Investment-Grade Debt Securities”) or of lower quality with significant risk characteristics (e.g., “junk bonds”). The various ratings used by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (each an “NRSRO”) are described below.

 

A rating by an NRSRO represents the organization’s opinion as to the credit quality of the security being rated. However, the ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality or guarantees as to the creditworthiness of an issuer. Consequently, the Advisor believes that the quality of Investment-Grade Debt Securities in which the Fund may invest should be continuously reviewed and that individual analysts give different weightings to the various factors involved in credit analysis. A rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a security, because it does not take into account market value or suitability for a particular investor. When a security has received a rating from more than one NRSRO, each rating is evaluated independently. Ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by the NRSROs from other sources that they consider reliable. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information, or for other reasons.

 

S&P® GLOBAL RATINGS. The following summarizes the highest four ratings used by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a division of S&P Global, Inc., for bonds which are deemed to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities by the Advisor:

 

AAA – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

 

A – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” “C” and “D” are not considered by the Advisor to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise.

 

The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

 

A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P and indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong. A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

The rating SP-1 is the highest rating assigned by S&P to short term municipal notes and indicates strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. The rating SP-2 indicates a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. The rating SP-3 indicates a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

42

 

 

MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. Ratings assigned on Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. The highest four ratings are deemed to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities by the Advisor:

 

Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

Aa – Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A – Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa – Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Obligations which are rated Ba, B, Caa, Ca or C by Moody’s are not considered “Investment-Grade Debt Securities” by the Advisor. Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

 

Short-Term Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.

 

Moody’s employs the following short-term ratings:

 

P-1 – Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

P-2 – Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

P-3 – Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

43

 

 

US Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings

 

Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by U.S. municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity. For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VIMG”) scales discussed below.

 

MIG Ratings – Moody’s uses the MIG scale for U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes, and certain other short term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.

 

MIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

 

MIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

 

MIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

SG – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

 

VMIG Ratings – For variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), Moody’s assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to meet any purchase price payment obligation resulting from optional tenders (“on demand”) and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade. Please see our methodology that discusses obligations with conditional liquidity support.

 

For VRDOs, we typically assign a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as “NR”.

 

Industrial development bonds in the U.S. where the obligor is a corporate may carry a VMIG rating that reflects Moody’s view of the relative likelihood of default and loss. In these cases, liquidity assessment is based on the liquidity of the corporate obligor.

 

VMIG 1 – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.

 

VMIG 2 – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.

 

VMIG 3 – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.

 

SG – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections.

 

44

 

 

FITCH RATINGS. The following summarizes the highest four ratings used by Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”):

 

National Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

AAA – “AAA” National Ratings denote the highest rating assigned by Fitch in its National Rating scale for that country. This rating is assigned to issuers or obligations with the lowest expectation of default risk relative to all other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union.

 

AA – “AA” National Ratings denote expectations of a very low level of default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union. The default risk inherent differs only slightly from that of the country’s highest rated issuers or obligations.

 

A – “A” National Ratings denote expectations of a low level of default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union.

 

BBB – “BBB” National Ratings denote a moderate level of default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union.

 

Long-term securities rated below BBB by Fitch are not considered by the Advisor to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities. Securities rated BB denote an elevated default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union, and securities rated B denote a significantly elevated level of default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union. A rating CCC denotes a very high level of default risk relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union, while a rating CC denotes the level of default risk is among the highest relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union, and a rating C denotes that a default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a C category rating for an issuer include: the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation, the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; the formal announcement by the issuer of their agent of a distressed debt exchange; and a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent. RD ratings indicate an issuer that, in Fitch’s opinion, has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but that has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure and has not otherwise ceased business. This would include the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. D ratings denote an issuer that has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.

 

45

 

 

National Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

F1 – Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. Under Fitch’s National Rating scale, this rating is assigned to the lowest default risk relative to others in the same country or monetary union. Where the liquidity profile is particularly strong, a “+” is added to the assigned rating.

 

F2 – Indicates a good capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union. However, the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

F3 – Indicates an adequate capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union.

 

B – Indicates an uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union.

 

Short-term rates B, C, RD and D by Fitch are considered by the Advisor to be below Investment-Grade Debt Securities. Short-term securities rated C indicates a highly uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country or monetary union. Short-term securities rated RD indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. RD ratings are applicable to entity ratings only. Short-term securities rated D indicate a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

While the foregoing descriptions of the ratings systems used by the Advisor distinguish between Investment-Grade Debt Securities and more speculative debt securities, as stated above the Fund is not limited with respect to the yield, maturity or credit quality of the debt securities in which it invests. Accordingly, the Fund’s portfolio may be invested in Investment-Grade Debt Securities or debt securities that are not Investment-Grade Debt Securities in any proportion.

 

46

 

 

APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES

 

The following proxy voting policies are provided:

 

  (1) the Trust’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy and
     
  (2) the Advisor’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy, including a detailed description of the Advisor’s specific proxy voting guidelines.

 

47

 

 

WST INVESTMENT TRUST

 

PROXY VOTING AND DISCLOSURE POLICY

 

I. Introduction

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has adopted rules and form requirements under the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”) to require registered management investment companies to provide disclosure about how they vote proxies for their portfolio securities (collectively, the rule and form amendments are referred to herein as the “IC Amendments”).

 

The IC Amendments require that each series of shares of the WST Investment Trust (“Trust”) listed on Exhibit A, attached hereto, (individually a “Fund” and collectively “Fund”), disclose the policies and procedures used to determine how to vote proxies for portfolio securities. The IC Amendments also require the Fund to file with the SEC and to make available to their shareholders the specific proxy votes cast for portfolio securities.

 

This Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy (“Policy”) is designed to ensure that the Fund comply with the requirements of the IC Amendments, and otherwise fulfills their obligations with respect to proxy voting, disclosure, and recordkeeping. The overall goal is to ensure that the Fund’s proxy voting is managed in an effort to act in the best interests of its shareholders. While decisions about how to vote must be determined on a case-by-case basis, proxy voting decisions will be made considering these guidelines and following the procedures recited herein.

 

II. Specific Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

A. General

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Board”) believes that the voting of proxies is an important part of portfolio management as it represents an opportunity for shareholders to make their voices heard and to influence the direction of a company. The Trust and the Fund are committed to voting corporate proxies in the manner that best serves the interests of the Fund’s shareholders.

 

B. Delegation to Fund’s Advisor

 

The Board believes that Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management, LLC, d/b/a WST Capital Management (the “Advisor”), as the Fund’s investment adviser, is in the best position to make individual voting decisions for each Fund consistent with this Policy. Therefore, subject to the oversight of the Board, the Advisor is hereby delegated the following duties:

 

  (1) to make the proxy voting decisions for each Fund; and

 

  (2) to assist each Fund in disclosing the Fund’s proxy voting record as required by Rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act, including providing the following information for each matter with respect to which the Fund was entitled to vote: (a) information identifying the matter voted on; (b) whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; (c) whether and how the Fund cast its vote; and (d) whether the Fund cast its vote for or against management.

 

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees of the Board, shall approve the Advisor’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy (the “Advisor’s Voting Policy”) as it relates to the Fund. The Board shall also approve any material changes to the Advisor’s Voting Policy no later than four (4) months after adoption by the Advisor.

 

48

 

 

C. Conflicts

 

In cases where a matter with respect to which the Fund is entitled to vote presents a conflict between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Fund, its investment adviser or principal underwriter, on the other hand, the Fund shall always vote in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. For purposes of this Policy a vote shall be considered in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholder (i) when a vote is cast consistent with a specific voting policy as set forth in the Advisor’s Voting Policy, provided such specific voting policy was approved by the Board or (ii) when a vote is cast consistent with the decision of the Trust’s Proxy Voting Committee (as defined below). In addition, provided the Advisor is not affiliated with the Fund’s principal underwriter or an affiliated person of the principal underwriter and neither the Fund’s principal underwriter nor an affiliated person of the principal underwriter has influenced the Advisor with respect to a matter to which the Fund is entitled to vote, a vote by the Advisor shall not be considered a conflict between the Fund’s shareholders and the Fund’s principal underwriter or affiliated person of the principal underwriter.

 

III. Fund Disclosure

 

A. Disclosure of Fund Policies and Procedures with Respect to Voting Proxies Relating to Portfolio Securities

 

The Fund will notify its shareholders in the SAI and the Fund’s shareholder reports that a description of this Policy is available upon request, without charge, by calling a specified toll-free telephone number, by reviewing the Fund’s website, if applicable, and by reviewing filings available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The Fund will send this description of the Fund’s Policy within three business days of receipt of any shareholder request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

 

B. Disclosure of the Fund’s Complete Proxy Voting Record

 

In accordance with Rule 30b1-4 of the Investment Company Act, the Fund shall disclose to its shareholders on Form N-PX the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the twelve-month period ended June 30 by no later than August 31 of each year.

 

Each Fund shall disclose the following information on Form N-PX for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting held during the period covered by the report and with respect to which to the Fund was entitled to vote:

 

  (1) The name of the issuer of the portfolio security;
     
  (2) The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if available through reasonably practicable means);
     
  (3) The Council on Uniform Security Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the portfolio security (if available through reasonably practicable means);
     
  (4) The shareholder meeting date;
     
  (5) A brief identification of the matter voted on;
     
  (6) Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder;
     
  (7) Whether the Fund cast its vote on the matter;
     
  (8) How the Fund cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and
     
  (9) Whether the Fund cast its vote for or against management.

 

Each Fund shall make its proxy voting record available to shareholders either upon request or by making available an electronic version on or through the Fund’s website, if applicable. If the Fund discloses its proxy voting record on or through its website, the Fund shall post the information disclosed in the Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX on the website beginning the same day it files such information with the SEC.

 

49

 

 

Each Fund shall also include in its annual reports, semi-annual reports and SAI a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge upon request, by calling a specified toll-free (or collect) telephone number, or (if applicable) on or through the Fund’s website at a specified Internet address; and (2) on the SEC’s website. If the Fund discloses that its proxy voting record is available by calling a toll-free (or collect) telephone number, it shall send the information disclosed in the Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX within three business days of receipt of a request for this information, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

 

IV. Recordkeeping

 

The Trust shall keep the following records for a period of at least five years, the first two in an easily accessible place:

 

  (i) A copy of this Policy;
     
  (ii) Proxy Statements received regarding the Fund’s securities;
     
  (iii) Records of votes cast on behalf of each Fund; and
     
  (iv) A record of each shareholder request for proxy voting information and the Fund’s response, including the date of the request, the name of the shareholder, and the date of the response.

 

The foregoing records may be kept as part of the Advisor’s records.

 

The Fund may rely on proxy statements filed on the SEC EDGAR system instead of keeping its own copies, and may rely on proxy statements and records of proxy votes cast by the Advisor that are maintained with a third party such as a proxy voting service, provided that an undertaking is obtained from the third party to provide a copy of the documents promptly upon request.

 

V. Proxy Voting Committee

 

A. General

 

The Proxy Voting Committee of the Trust shall be composed entirely of independent trustees of the Board and may be comprised of one or more such independent trustees as the Board may, from time to time, decide. The purpose of the Proxy Voting Committee shall be to determine how the Fund should cast its vote, if called upon by the Board or the Advisor, when a matter with respect to which the Fund is entitled to vote presents a conflict between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Fund, its investment adviser or principal underwriter, on the other hand.

 

B. Powers and Methods of Operation

 

The Proxy Voting Committee shall have all the powers necessary to fulfill its purpose as set forth above and such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board may, from time to time, grant and/or assign the Proxy Voting Committee. The Proxy Voting Committee shall meet at such times and places as the Proxy Voting Committee or the Board may, from time to time, determine. The act of a majority of the members of the Proxy Voting Committee in person, by telephone conference or by consent in writing without a meeting shall be the act of the Proxy Voting Committee. The Proxy Voting Committee shall have the authority to utilize Trust counsel at the expense of the Trust if necessary. The Proxy Voting Committee shall prepare minutes of each meeting and keep such minutes with the Trust’s records. The Proxy Voting Committee shall review this Policy and recommend any changes to the Board as it deems necessary or advisable.

 

VI. Other

 

This Policy may be amended, from time to time, as determined by the Board. 

 

50

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

Series of the WST Investment Trust:

 

1. WSTCM Credit Select RM Fund

 

51

 

 

WILBANKS, SMITH & THOMAS ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

PROXY VOTING AND DISCLOSURE POLICY

 

Proxy Voting Policy

Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management, LLC (“WST”) does not have the authority and will not be responsible for voting proxies for its clients except where we are required to vote (e.g., by the plan documents governing ERISA accounts) or have specifically agreed to vote. In the instance where we are required to vote, proxies will be voted after all appropriate information has been collected and reviewed, in the best financial interest of the clients which WST generally believes to be consistent with management’s recommendations.

 

Predetermined Guidelines: Routine and Financial or Corporate Governance Matters

WST adheres to certain predetermined voting guidelines and required voting will be done on a case-by-case basis, deemed by WST’s Investment Committee to be in the best financial interest of its clients. Certain financial and corporate governance issues may need additional consideration, as they may involve issues such as hostile takeovers and mergers. WST will typically vote with management on the following matters and proposals:

 

Allot Securities   Amend Articles/By Law/Charter – Organization Related
Cumulative Voting   Amend Investment Policy
Date / Place of Annual Meeting   Appoint Auditors and Approve Remuneration
Declaration of Final Dividend Payment   Appointment of Independent Auditors
Dividend   Approve / Amend Investment Advisory Agreements
Election of Directors   Approve Authorized Common Stock Increase
Increase / Decrease Share Capital   Approve Common Stock Par Value Change
Indemnification / Liability   Approve Merger Agreement
Miscellaneous Corporate Actions – Global   Approve Reorganization Plan
Miscellaneous Corporate Governance   Approve Reverse Stock Split
Par Value Change   Authorize Directors to Increase / Decrease Share Capital
Ratification of Director’s actions on routine matters   Authorize Directors to Repurchase Shares
Receive Consolidated Financial Statements   Change Stock Exchange Listing
Stock Issuance   Confidential Voting
Transact Other Business      

 

WST will not vote with management on any recommendations that the role of CEO and Chairman be combined. WST feels these roles should be kept separate.

 

Guidelines: Social Conscience/Moral Issues

WST intends to vote against proxies involving management’s actions relative to social or moral issues. Where the economic impact of a proposal is not clear, a vote to “abstain” may be appropriate.

 

Guidelines: Foreign Investments

On occasion, WST may invest client assets in foreign securities. Given the complexity and variety of regulatory schemes and corporate practices in foreign countries and other factors such as translation expenses, there may be excessive costs associated with voting proxies for foreign securities. Thus, WST intends to abstain from voting such proxies.

 

Guidelines: Client Guidelines

A client may have their own set of proxy voting guidelines, which may conflict with WST’s policy or with the voting guidelines of another client. If such a situation arises, it is the intention of WST to comply with client guidelines by voting the proxies attributable to that client on a proportionate basis (based on the number of shares held by the client).

 

52

 

 

Conflicts of Interest

In the instance where WST is required to vote proxies, the voting policies and procedures are designed to ensure that proxies are properly voted, material conflicts are avoided or resolved in the best financial interest of the clients and that fiduciary obligations are fulfilled. Neither WST nor any person involved in the proxy voting process is engaged in any material business other than managing assets for clients. WST has reviewed and will continue to review with its officers and employees whether any relationships, personal, business or otherwise, exist between WST or any of its officers or employees (including their immediate families) and the issuer of any of WST’s client holdings or any of the issuer’s officers, directors, director-candidates, or proxy proponents.

 

WST recognizes that it is affiliated with other companies through its association with Rosemont Partners, LLC. However, neither WST nor any of its employees are cognizant of the activities of such affiliates other than awareness of the general business activities of some affiliates, nor is WST subject to influence by any such affiliates in terms of voting its proxies. WST also recognizes that it is affiliated with Lafayette Advisors, LLC; however, neither WST nor any of its employees are subject to influence by any such affiliates in terms of voting its proxies. Should any officer or employee be subject to any such influence, he/she shall immediately report such contact to the Compliance Officer.

 

Procedures

An administrator at WST will collect proxy material, compare the shares on the proxy against the shares in its database and cast the votes according to these policies and procedures.

 

WST utilizes Broadridge’s ProxyEdge software for its required proxy voting and record keeping. The online Proxy Edge system stores records of how shares were voted per account and enables WST to maintain accurate information on proxies.

 

This process is performed according to the predetermined guidelines stated above and all proxy information is reviewed daily. One of our administrators checks the ProxyEdge online system every day, reviews proxy meeting information, looks for discrepancies between the ProxyEdge system and our portfolio management database, confirms new and closed accounts, and reviews the meeting alerts. If any proxies need to be voted, the administrator notifies a Research Analyst to provide a voting decision.

 

Investment Committee Members are:

 

- Wayne F. Wilbanks
- Lawrence A. Bernert, III
- D.J. Kyle Elliott
- Mark R. Warden
- Roger H. Scheffel Jr.

- Connor Fanney

- Wade A. Monroe, Jr.
- Thomas McNally
- Paul Ferwerda
- Scott McCluney
- Amie Baty

- Tom Bates

- Dan Powell
- Daniel Pizetoski
- Heather Randazzo
- Steve Bowery

- Ryan Stallard

- David Abrams
- Wayne House
- Sarah Larkin
- Alondra Garcia

 

New accounts that require Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas to vote are reported to Broadridge who then forwards the account information to the brokerage firm or financial institution that has custody of the clients’ securities. The new accounts are entered into Proxy Edge so that subsequent meetings can be electronically voted, account holdings can be updated and any future meetings monitored through Broadridge. If a custodian rejects Broadridge’s new account information form, WST should receive paper ballots until the rejection has been researched and resolved. All paper ballots received by WST will be voted in accordance with the votes cast electronically through Broadridge, following the same voting guidelines and procedures. Copies of these ballots and accurate records of the voting will be maintained.

 

Proxy Voting Record Keeping

WST will maintain (i) written Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; (ii) all Proxy Statements received in connection with client securities; (iii) a record of how WST voted each proxy; (iv) any other documents prepared by WST that were material to the voting decision or that memorialize the basis for that decision; and (v) a copy of each written client request for voting records and a copy of the written response to a client request (whether written or oral).

 

53

 

 

Client Request

Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas will send a current copy of its Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures to any client, where Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas is required or has agreed to vote proxies at their request as well as a record of previously voted proxies for their holdings by writing or calling:

 

Vanessa Mercurio Gildea

Chief Compliance Officer

Wilbanks Smith & Thomas Asset Management, LLC

150 West Main Street, Suite 1700

Norfolk, Virginia 23510

(757) 623-3676
Requested material will be promptly forwarded to the client.

 

Amendments Disclaimer

WST’s Investment Committee reserves the right to modify or amend these policies and procedures at any time without notice.

 

54