STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
HILLMAN
VALUE FUND
NASDAQ Symbol HCMAX
A
series of the
HILLMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT
TRUST
116 South Franklin Street, Post Office Box
69
Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27802-0069
Telephone 1-800-773-3863
January 31, 2021
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This Statement of Additional Information
(“SAI”) is meant to be read in conjunction with the prospectus, dated January
31, 2021 , as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”), for
shares of the Hillman Value Fund and is incorporated by reference in its
entirety into the Prospectus. Because this SAI is not itself a prospectus,
no investment in shares of the Fund should be made solely upon the information
contained herein. The Fund’s financial statements and accompanying notes that
appear in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports are incorporated by
reference into this SAI. Copies of the Prospectus, annual report and /or
semi-annual report may be obtained at no charge by writing or calling the Fund
at the address and phone number shown above or online at
http://www.hillmancapital.com. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein
have the same meanings as in the Prospectus.
The Hillman Value Fund (the
“Fund”) is a diversified series of the Hillman Capital Management Investment
Trust (“Trust”). Prior to October 1, 2019, the Fund was known as “The
Hillman Fund.” Prior to March 24, 2016, the Fund was known as “The Hillman
Focused Advantage Fund.” Prior to July 7, 2005, the Fund was known as “The
Hillman Aggressive Equity Fund.” The Trust is an open-end management investment
company, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”),
registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and was
organized on July 14, 2000, as a Delaware statutory trust. The Fund’s
investment advisor is Hillman Capital Management, Inc. (the “Advisor”). The
Prospectus describes the Fund’s investment objectives and principal stratetgies,
as well as the principal investment risks of the Fund.
This SAI describes the
financial history, management, and operation of the Fund, as well as the Fund’s
investment objective and policies. It should be read in conjunction with the
Fund’s Prospectus.
Investments in the Fund are
not:
• |
Deposits or
obligations of any bank; |
• |
Guaranteed or
endorsed by any bank; or |
• |
Federally insured or
guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal
Reserve Board or any other federal agency. |
The Prospectus describes
the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies, as well as
the principal investment risks of the Fund. All investments in securities
and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No
assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment program will be
successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the
Fund’s investments and their risks described in the Prospectus and this
SAI.
The following descriptions
and policies supplement the descriptions in the Prospectus, and include
descriptions of certain types of investments that may be made by the Fund but
are not principal investment strategies of the Fund. Attached to this SAI
is Appendix A, which contains descriptions of the rating symbols used by
nationally recognized statistical rating organizations for securities in which
the Fund may invest. Appendix B contains a copy of the Advisor’s Proxy Voting
Policy and Procedures.
General Investment Risks. All investments
in securities and other financial instruments involving a risk of financial
loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment program will be
successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the
Fund’s investments and their risks in this SAI and the Prospectus.
Equity Securities. The Fund may invest in
equity securities, both directly and indirectly through the Fund’s investment in
shares of other investment companies. The equity portion of the Fund’s
portfolio may be comprised of common stocks traded on domestic securities
exchanges or on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market. In addition to common
stocks, the equity portion of each Fund’s portfolio may also include preferred
stocks, convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds. Prices of equity
securities in which the Fund invests (either directly or indirectly through the
Fund’s investment in shares of other investment companies) may fluctuate in
response to many factors, including, but not limited to, the activities of the
individual companies whose securities the Fund owns, general market and economic
conditions, interest rates, and specific industry changes. Such price
fluctuations subject the Fund to potential losses. In addition, regardless
of any one company’s prospects, a declining stock market may produce a decline
in prices for all equity securities, which could also result in losses for the
Fund. Market declines may continue for an indefinite period, and investors
should understand that during temporary or extended bear markets, the value of
equity securities will decline.
Money Market Instruments. The Fund may
invest in money market instruments which may include U.S. Government securities
or corporate debt securities (including those subject to repurchase agreements).
Money market instruments also may include banker’s acceptances and certificates
of deposit of domestic branches of U.S. banks, commercial paper and variable
amount demand master notes (“Master Notes”). Banker’s acceptances are time
drafts drawn on and “accepted” by a bank. When a bank “accepts” such a time
draft, it assumes liability for its payment. When the Fund acquires a banker’s
acceptance the bank which “accepted” the time draft is liable for payment of
interest and principal when due. The banker’s acceptance carries the full faith
and credit of such bank. A certificate of deposit (“CD”) is an unsecured
interest-bearing debt obligation of a bank. Commercial paper is an unsecured,
short-term debt obligation of a bank, corporation or other borrower.
Commercial paper maturities generally range from two to 270 days and it is
usually sold on a discounted basis rather than as an interest-bearing
instrument. The Fund will invest in commercial paper only if it is rated
one of the top two rating categories by Moody’s, S&P, or Fitch Investors
Service, Inc. (“Fitch”) or, if not rated, is of equivalent quality in the
Advisor’s opinion. Commercial paper may include Master Notes of the same
quality. Master Notes are unsecured obligations which are redeemable upon demand
of the holder and which permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying
rates of interest. Master Notes will be acquired by the Fund only through
the Master Note program of the Fund’s custodian bank, acting as administrator
thereof. The Advisor will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the earnings
power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuer of a Master Note held
by the Fund.
Investment Companies. The Fund may invest
in securities of other investment companies. The Fund’s investments in
such securities involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results,
which would not be present in a direct investment in the underlying fund.
Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, the Fund will be prevented
from: (i) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company’s outstanding shares;
(ii) investing more than 5% of the Fund’s assets in any single such investment
company, and (iii) investing more than 10% of the Fund’s assets in investment
companies overall; unless: (a) the underlying investment company and/or
the applicable Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such
limitations from the SEC; and (b) the underlying investment company and the Fund
take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In
addition, the Fund is subject to Section 12(d)(1)(C), which provides that the
Fund may not acquire shares of a closed-end fund if, immediately after such
acquisition, the Fund and other investment companies having the same adviser as
the Fund would hold more than 10% of the closed-end fund’s total outstanding
voting stock. However, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the
limitations of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or
otherwise acquired by the Fund if immediately after such purchase or acquisition
not more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of such investment company is
owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund. Investments by the
Fund in other investment companies entail a number of risks unique to a fund of
funds structure. These risks include the following:
Multiple
Layers of Fees. By investing in other investment companies indirectly
through the Fund, prospective investors will directly bear the fees and expenses
of the Fund’s Advisor and indirectly bear the fees and expenses of other
investment companies and other investment companies’ managers as well. As
such, this multiple or duplicative layer of fees will increase the cost of
investments in the Fund.
Lack
of Transparency. The Advisor will not be able to monitor the
investment activities of the other investment companies on a continuous basis
and the other investment companies may use investment strategies that differ
from its past practices and are not fully disclosed to the Advisor and that
involve risks that are not anticipated by the Advisor. The Fund has no
control over the risks taken by the underlying investment companies in which
they invest.
Valuation
of Investment Companies. Although the Advisor will attempt to review
the valuation procedures used by other investment companies’ managers, the
Advisor will have little or no means of independently verifying valuations of
the Fund’s investments in investment companies and valuations of the underlying
securities held by other investment companies. As such, the Advisor will
rely significantly on valuations of other investment companies and the
securities underlying other investment companies that are reported by other
investment companies’ managers. In the event that such valuations prove to
be inaccurate, the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund could be adversely
impacted and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.
Illiquidity
of Investments by and In Other Investment Companies. Other investment
companies may invest in securities that are not registered, are subject to legal
or other restrictions on transfer, or for which no liquid market exists.
The market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be volatile and
restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities
that are not subject to legal restrictions on resale. Further, the Fund
may not be able to redeem their interests in other investment companies’
securities that it has purchased in a timely manner. If adverse market
conditions were to develop during any period in which the Fund is unable to
redeem interests in other investment companies, the Fund may suffer losses as a
result of this illiquidity. As such, the lack of liquidity and volatility
of restricted securities held by other investment companies could adversely
affect the value of the other investment companies. Any such losses could
adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an investor could incur
a loss of investment in the Fund.
Lack
of Control. Although the Fund and the Advisor will evaluate regularly
other investment companies to determine whether their investment programs are
consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Advisor will not have any
control over the investments made by other investment companies. Even
though other investment companies are subject to certain constraints, the
investment advisor to each such investment company may change aspects of their
investment strategies at any time. The Advisor will not have the ability
to control or influence the composition of the investment portfolio of other
investment companies.
Lack
of Diversification. There is no requirement that the underlying
investments held by other investment companies be diversified. As such,
other investment companies’ managers may target or concentrate other investment
companies’ investments in specific markets, sectors, or types of
securities. As a result, investments made by other investment companies
are subject to greater volatility as a result of this concentration than if the
other investment companies had non-concentrated and diversified portfolios of
investments. Thus, the Fund’s portfolios (and by extension the value of an
investment in the Fund) may therefore be subject to greater risk than the
portfolio of a similar fund with investments in diversified investment
companies.
Use
of Leverage. The other investment companies may utilize leverage
(i.e., borrowing) to acquire their underlying portfolio investments. When
other investment companies borrow money or otherwise leverage their portfolio of
investments, doing so may exaggerate changes in the net asset value (“NAV”) of
the shares of the other investment companies and in the return on the other
investment companies’ investments. Borrowing will also cost other
investment companies interest expense and other fees. As such, the value
of the Fund’s investments in other investment companies may be more volatile and
all other risks (including the risk of loss of an investment in other investment
companies) tend to be compounded or magnified. As a result, any losses
suffered by other investment companies as a result of their use of leverage
could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an investor could
incur a loss of investment in the Fund.
Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs are traded on
a securities exchange based on their market value. An investment in an ETF
generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional
registered investment company (i.e., one that is not exchange traded). In
addition, all ETFs will have costs and expenses that will be passed on to the
Fund, which will in turn increase the Fund’s expenses. ETFs are also
subject to the following risks that often do not apply to conventional
investment companies: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a
discount to the ETF’s NAV, and as a result, ETFs may experience more price
volatility than other types of portfolio investments and which could negatively
impact the Fund’s NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not
develop or be maintained at a sufficient volume; (iii) trading of an ETF’s
shares may be halted if the listing exchange deems such action appropriate; and
(iv) ETF shares may be delisted from the exchange on which they trade, or
“circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices used by
the exchange) may temporarily halt trading in the ETF’s stock. ETFs are
also subject to the risks of the underlying securities the ETF holds.
Finally, there may be legal limitations and other conditions imposed by SEC
rules on the amount of the ETF shares that the Fund may acquire.
Illiquid Investments. The Fund may invest
up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that
cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven
days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. This
restriction is not limited to the time of purchase. Under the supervision of the
Trustees, the Advisor determines the liquidity of the Fund’s investments and,
through reports from the Advisor, the Trustees monitor investments in illiquid
instruments. In determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, the
Advisor may consider various factors including (i) the frequency of trades
and quotations; (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in
the marketplace; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; (iv) the
nature of the security (including any demand or tender features); and
(v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to
assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the
investment). Investments currently considered by the Fund to be illiquid
include repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal
and interest within seven days. If, through a change in values, net assets, or
other circumstances, the Fund were in a position where more than 10% of its net
assets were invested in illiquid securities, it would seek to take appropriate
steps to protect liquidity. Investment in illiquid securities poses risks of
potential delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on
resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities
and the Fund may be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at
reasonable prices.
Fixed-Income Securities. The Fund will invest
in fixed-income securities directly or indirectly through its investments in
shares of ETFs, including government and corporate bonds, money market
instruments, high yield securities or "junk bonds" and zero-coupon bonds.
Zero-coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from their face values and accrue
interest at the applicable coupon rate over a period of time. Fixed-income
securities purchased by the Fund may consist of obligations of any rating.
Fixed-income securities in the lowest investment grade categories have
speculative characteristics, with changes in the economy or other circumstances
more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the bonds to make principal and
interest payments than would occur with bonds rated in higher categories.
High yield bonds are typically rated below "Baa" by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. ("Moody's") or below "BBB" by S&P Global Ratings ("S&P") or
below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies. The Fund may
also invest in other mutual funds that invest in unrated securities of
comparable quality under certain circumstances. Such bonds are subject to
greater market fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher
rated bonds for a variety of reasons, including:
Sensitivity
to Interest Rate and Economic Change. The economy and interest rates
affect high yield securities differently than other securities. For example, the
prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate
changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic
changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an economic downturn
or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may
experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to
service their principal and interest obligations, to meet projected business
goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a bond defaults, an
underlying mutual fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In
addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result
in increased volatility or market prices of high yield bonds and the Underlying
Fund's asset values.
Payment
Expectations. High yield bonds present certain risks based on payment
expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and
call provisions. If an issuer exercises
these provisions in a declining interest rate market,
the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests would have to
replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in a decreased return for
investors. Conversely, a high yield bond's value will decrease in a rising
interest rate market, as will the value of the Fund's orother investment
company’s assets. If the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund
invests experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be
forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their
investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base
upon which the Fund's or other investment company’s expenses can be
spread and possibly reducing the Fund's or
other investment company’s rate of return.
Liquidity
and Valuation. To the extent that there is no established retail
secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this may
impact a fund's ability to accurately value high yield bonds and may hinder a
fund's ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the
values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially in a thinly traded
market.
Credit
Ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of
principal and interest payments, not the market
value risk of high yield bonds. Also, because
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the
credit ratings to reflect subsequent events, the
Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests must monitor
the issuers of high yield bonds in
their portfolios to determine if the issuers will have
sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required
principal and interest payments, and to
assure the bonds' liquidity so the Fund or an investment company in which
the Fund invests can meet redemption requests.
High-yield securities are
deemed speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and
repay principal over a long period of time. Special tax considerations are
associated with investing in high-yield securities structured as zero coupon or
"pay-in-kind" securities. The Fund or an investment company in which the
Fund invests, will report the interest on these securities as income even though
it receives no cash interest until the security's maturity or payment
date. The payment of principal and interest on most fixed-income
securities purchased by a fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to
meet their obligations. An issuer's obligations under its fixed-income
securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other
laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal
Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state
legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both,
or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. The
power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of
interest on, and principal of, its fixed-income securities may be materially
adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
The ratings of S&P,
Moody's and other nationally recognized rating agencies represent their opinions
as to the quality of fixed-income securities. It should be emphasized,
however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and
fixed-income securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may
have different yields while fixed-income securities of the same maturity and
interest rate with different ratings may have the same yield. For a more
detailed description of ratings, please see Appendix A.
Corporate and Municipal Debt Securities.
The Fund may invest in fixed income investments, including corporate, municipal,
or other government debt securities. Corporate and municipal debt obligations
purchased by the Fund may be any credit quality, maturity, or yield.
Accordingly, the Fund’s debt securities may include “investment grade”
securities (those rated at least Baa by Moody’s, BBB by S&P or Fitch or, if
not rated, of equivalent quality in the Advisor’s opinion). In addition, the
Fund’s debt securities may include lower-rated debt securities including,
without limitation, junk bonds. Debt obligations rated Baa by Moody’s or
BBB by S&P or Fitch may be considered speculative and are subject to risks
of non-payment of interest and principal. Debt obligations rated lower
than Baa by Moody’s or lower than BBB by S&P or Fitch are generally
considered speculative and subject to significant risks of non-payment of
interest and principal. While the Advisor utilizes the ratings of various credit
rating services as one factor in establishing creditworthiness, it relies
primarily upon its own analysis of factors establishing creditworthiness.
U.S. Government Securities. The Fund may
invest in U.S. Government securities, defined to be U.S. Government obligations
such as U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, and U.S. Treasury bills,
obligations guaranteed by the U.S. Government such as Government National
Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) as well as obligations of U.S. Government
authorities, agencies, and instrumentalities such as Federal National Mortgage
Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal
Housing Administration (“FHA”), Federal Farm Credit Bank (“FFCB”), Federal Home
Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”), and The
Tennessee Valley Authority. U.S. Government securities may also be
acquired subject to repurchase agreements. While obligations of some U.S.
Government sponsored entities are supported by the full faith and credit of the
U.S. Government, others are not. No assurance can be given that the U.S.
Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government agencies or
instrumentalities that are not supported by the full faith and credit of the
U.S. Government, since it is not obligated to do so by law. The guarantee
of the U.S. Government does not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s
shares.
Derivative Instruments Risk. When the
Fund enters into options, futures, and other forms of financial derivatives,
such as foreign exchange contracts, the investments involve risks different from
direct investments in the underlying securities. While transactions in
derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail
certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates,
securities prices, or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall
performance of the Fund than if they had not entered into any derivatives
transactions. Derivatives may magnify the Fund’s gains or losses, causing
it to make or lose substantially more than it invested. If the Fund does
use derivative instruments, the Fund will comply with the applicable
requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the
SEC, including SEC Release 10666 that requires the Fund to segregate assets or
otherwise “cover” its positions in a manner that limits the Fund’s risk of
loss. The Fund has no specific limit on the amount it invest in
derivatives, although practical limits are created by the requirement to
segregate assets and hold offsetting positions in connection with such
investments.
When used for hedging
purposes, increases in the value of the securities the Fund hold or intend to
acquire should offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing
derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose the Fund to greater
risks.
The Fund’s ability to
hedge securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price
movements in the underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements
in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the
securities the Fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the
same direction as the hedging instrument. The Advisor will try to minimize
this risk by investing only in those contracts whose behavior it expects to
resemble with the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if the
Fund’s prediction of interest and currency rates, market value, volatility, or
other economic factors is incorrect, the Fund may lose money, or may not make as
much money as it expected.
Derivative prices can
diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the
characteristics of the underlying instruments are very similar to the
derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a
divergence:
• |
current and anticipated short-term
interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and
the time remaining until expiration of the
contract; |
• |
a difference between the derivatives and
securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the
instruments are traded, the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits
or trading of an instrument stops; and |
• |
differences between the derivatives, such
as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets, and
the participation of speculators in such
markets. |
Derivatives based upon a
narrow index of securities may present greater risk than derivatives based on a
broad index. Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of
securities, they are more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations
because of changes in the value of those securities.
While currency futures and
options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not
reflect other factors that affect the value of the investments of the
Fund. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated
security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Fund against a
price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness.
Because the value of the Fund’s foreign-denominated investments changes in
response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to
match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Fund’s
investments precisely over time.
Before a futures contract
or option is exercised or expires, the Fund can terminate it only by entering
into a closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, the Fund may close out a
futures contract only on the exchange the contract was initially traded.
Although the Fund intends to purchase options and futures only where there
appears to be an active market, there is no guarantee that such a liquid market
will exist. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the
market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to close out a position. In
an illiquid market, the Fund may:
• |
have to sell securities to meet its daily
margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do
so; |
• |
have to purchase or sell the instrument
underlying the contract; |
• |
not be able to hedge its investments;
and |
• |
not be able to realize profits or limit
its losses. |
Derivatives may become
illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety
of market conditions. For example:
• |
an exchange may suspend or limit trading
in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of
derivatives, |
• |
or all derivatives, which sometimes
occurs because of increased market
volatility; |
• |
unusual or unforeseen circumstances may
interrupt normal operations of an
exchange; |
• |
the facilities of the exchange may not be
adequate to handle current trading volume; |
• |
equipment failures, government
intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house, or
other |
• |
occurrences may disrupt normal trading
activity; or |
• |
investors may lose interest in a
particular derivative or category of
derivatives. |
If the Advisor incorrectly
predicts securities market and interest rate trends, the Fund may lose money by
investing in derivatives. For example, if the Fund were to write a call
option based on the Advisor’s expectation that the price of the underlying
security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund could be
required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market
price. Similarly, if the Fund were to write a put option based on the
Advisor’s expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but
the price were to fall instead, the Fund could be required to purchase the
security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.
Because of the low margin
deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions
involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small
price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss
(as well as gain) to the Fund and they may lose more than it originally invested
in the derivative.
If the price of a futures
contract changes adversely, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when
it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. The
Fund may lose margin deposits if a broker with whom they have an open futures
contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.
The prices of derivatives
are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially, and unpredictably)
and are influenced by a variety of factors, including:
• |
actual and anticipated changes in
interest rates; |
• |
fiscal and monetary policies;
and |
• |
national and international political
events. |
Most exchanges limit the
amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading
day. Daily trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a
derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of
trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this
value, the Fund may not trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The
daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit
potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the
daily limit for several consecutive trading days, preventing prompt liquidation
of the derivative.
Government
Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that government regulation of
various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements,
may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its
investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to
achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to predict fully the effects
of legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial
and adverse.
The futures markets are
subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The
SEC, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the exchanges are
authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency,
including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position
limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of
daily price limits and the suspension of trading.
The regulation of swaps
and futures transactions in the U.S., the European Union and other jurisdictions
is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government
and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes
altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund
or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment
strategies.
Under recently adopted
rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest
rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are
required to be centrally cleared, and additional types of swaps may be required
to be centrally cleared in the future. In a transaction involving those swaps
(“cleared derivatives”), the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather
than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of a clearing house and
only clearing members can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund
will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared
derivatives transactions, the Fund will make payments (including margin
payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at
clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’
obligations to the clearing house.
In addition, U.S.
regulators, the European Union and certain other jurisdictions have adopted
minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared OTC derivatives
transactions. It is expected that these regulations will have a material impact
on the Fund’s use of uncleared derivatives. These rules will impose minimum
margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Fund and its swap
counterparties and may increase the amount of margin the Fund is required to
provide. They will impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring
margin, which may accelerate the Fund’s current margin process. They will also
effectively require changes to typical derivatives margin documentation. Such
requirements could increase the amount of margin the Fund needs to provide in
connection with uncleared derivatives transactions and, therefore, make such
transactions more expensive.
The SEC has also issued a
proposed rule under the 1940 Act providing for the regulation of registered
investment companies’ use of derivatives and certain related instruments. The
ultimate impact, if any, of possible regulation remains unclear, but the
proposed rule, if adopted, could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s
ability to engage in derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such
derivatives transactions such that the Fund may be unable to implement its
investment strategy. These and other new rules and regulations could, among
other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the
cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types
of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital
requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs.
The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of
derivatives transactions for the Fund, since the Fund has to pay fees to its
clearing members and is typically required to post more margin for cleared
derivatives than it has historically posted for bilateral derivatives. The costs
of derivatives transactions are expected to increase further as clearing members
raise their fees to cover the costs of additional capital requirements and other
regulatory changes applicable to the clearing members. These regulations are new
and evolving, so their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are
not yet known. While the new regulations and central clearing of some
derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk
that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer
liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance
that the new mechanisms will achieve that result.
Options. The Fund may purchase and write
put and call options on securities. The purchase and writing of options involves
certain risks. During the option period, a call writer that holds the underlying
security has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity
to profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the exercise
price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the
risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of
an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its
obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received
an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to
terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying
securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the
Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the
underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the
exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the
exercise price, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also,
where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge
against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call
option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can
be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out
an option position. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are
imposed on the options market, the Fund may be unable to close out a
position.
To the extent that the Fund
invests in options, the Fund will comply with the applicable requirements of the
1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the SEC, including
Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979). The Fund may
write a call or put option only if the option is “covered” by holding a position
in the underlying securities or by other means which would permit immediate
satisfaction of the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option. A written call
option creates a potential obligation to sell the underlying security. In
order to make sure that this obligation can be met, the Fund could (i) hold the
security underlying the written option; (ii) hold an offsetting call option (one
with a strike price that is the same or lower than the strike price of the
written option); or (iii) segregate cash and liquid securities (which can be
cash, U.S. Government securities, and other liquid debt or equity securities)
that when added to collateral on deposit equals the market value of the
underlying security. A written put option creates a potential obligation to buy
the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met,
the Fund could (i) sell short the underlying security at the same or higher
price than the strike price of the written put option; (ii) hold an offsetting
put option (one with a strike price that is the same or higher than the strike
price of the written option); or (iii) segregate cash and liquid securities that
when added to collateral on deposit equals the strike price of the option.
Options offer large amounts
of leverage, which will result in the Fund’s NAV being more sensitive to changes
in the value of the related instrument. The Fund may purchase or write both
exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) options. Exchange-traded options in
the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the
exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of
every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts
between the Fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank)
with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the Fund purchases an OTC
option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make
or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option.
Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium
paid by the Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the
transaction.
The Fund’s ability to
establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the
existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a
market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for
OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a
transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position
at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the
counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at
any time prior to its expiration, if at all.
If the Fund were unable to
effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence
of a counterparty or secondary market, the imposition of price limits or
otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The
inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option
written by the Fund could cause material losses because the Fund would be unable
to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option
expires or is exercised.
Options have varying
expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or
above the current market value of the underlying security or instrument. Options
purchased by the Fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the Fund will
realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If
an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a gain
equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction
costs must be included in these calculations.
Short Sales. A short sale is a
transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right
to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that
the market price of that security will decline. When the Fund makes a
short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow
the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the
security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with
such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities
and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on
borrowed securities.
If the price of the
security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time
the Fund covers the short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if
the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be
decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described
above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by
imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short
and the securities being hedged.
To the extent the Fund
sells securities short, the Fund will take measures that assure its obligation
to purchase the security in the future will be met, including (i) holding the
security sold short (selling short “against the box”); (ii) holding an
offsetting call option (one with a strike price that is the same or lower than
the price at which the security was sold short); or (iii) segregating liquid
assets (which can be cash, U.S. Government securities, and other liquid debt or
equity securities) on the Fund’s books or in a segregated account at the Fund’s
custodian in an amount sufficient to cover the current value of the securities
to be replaced as well as any dividends, interest, and transaction costs due to
the broker-dealer lender. In determining the amount to be segregated, any
securities that have been sold short by the Fund will be marked to market
daily. To the extent the market price of the securities sold short
increases and more assets are required to meet the Fund’s short sale
obligations, additional assets will be segregated to ensure adequate coverage of
the Fund’s short position obligations. If the Fund does not have the
assets to cover a short sale, then the Fund’s potential losses on the short will
be unlimited because the security’s price may appreciate indefinitely.
Under no circumstances will the Advisor commit more than 25% of the Fund’s
assets to short sales “against the box.”
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is
a bilateral agreement to buy or sell a security (or deliver a cash settlement
price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling
for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contracts) for a set price in
the future. Futures contracts are designated by boards of trade which have
been designated “contracts markets” by the Commodities Futures Trading
Commission (“CFTC”). No purchase price is paid or received when the
contract is entered into. Instead, the Fund, upon entering into a futures
contract (and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts), would
be required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of
the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. Government securities, suitable money
market instruments, or liquid, high-grade debt securities, known as “initial
margin.” The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by
the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified
from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures
contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin that may range upward
from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. By using
futures contracts as a risk management technique, given the greater liquidity in
the futures market than in the cash market, it may be possible to accomplish
certain results more quickly and with lower transaction costs.
If the price of an open
futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in
the case of a purchase) such that the loss on the futures contract reaches a
point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the
broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a
position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract
such that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay
the excess to the Fund. These subsequent payments, called “variation
margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price
of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the
market.” The Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial and
variation margin deposits.
The Fund will incur
brokerage fees when they purchase and sell futures contracts. Positions
taken in the futures markets are not normally held until delivery or cash
settlement is required, but are instead liquidated through offsetting
transactions that may result in a gain or a loss. While futures positions
taken by the Fund will usually be liquidated in this manner, the Fund may
instead make or take delivery of underlying securities whenever it appears
economically advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing organization
associated with the exchange on which futures are traded assumes responsibility
for closing out transactions and guarantees that as between the clearing members
of an exchange, the sale and purchase obligations will be performed with regard
to all positions that remain open at the termination of the contract.
In addition to the margin
restrictions discussed above, transactions in futures contracts may involve the
segregation of funds pursuant to requirements imposed by the SEC. Under
those requirements, where the Fund has a long position in a futures contract, it
may be required to establish a segregated account (not with a futures
commission merchant or broker) containing cash or certain liquid assets equal to
the purchase price of the contract (less any margin on deposit). However,
segregation of assets is not required if the Fund “covers” a long position. For
a short position in futures or forward contracts held by the Fund, those
requirements may mandate the establishment of a segregated account (not with a
futures commission merchant or broker) with cash or certain liquid assets that,
when added to the amounts deposited as margin, equal the market value of the
instruments underlying the futures contracts (but are not less than the price at
which the short positions were established).
Securities Index Futures
Contracts. Purchases or sales of securities index futures contracts
may be used in an attempt to protect the Fund’s current or intended investments
from broad fluctuations in securities prices. A securities index futures
contract does not require the physical delivery of securities, but merely
provides for profits and losses resulting from changes in the market value of
the contract to be credited or debited at the close of each trading day to the
respective accounts of the parties to the contract. On the contract’s
expiration date a final cash settlement occurs and the futures positions are
simply closed out. Changes in the market value of a particular index
futures contract reflect changes in the specified index of securities on which
the future is based.
By establishing an
appropriate “short” position in index futures, the Fund may also seek to protect
the value of its portfolio against an overall decline in the market for such
securities. Alternatively, in anticipation of a generally rising market,
the Fund can seek to avoid losing the benefit of apparently low current prices
by establishing a “long” position in securities index futures and later
liquidating that position as particular securities are in fact acquired.
To the extent that these hedging strategies are successful, the Fund will be
affected to a lesser degree by adverse overall market price movements than would
otherwise be the case.
Options on Futures
Contracts. The Fund may purchase and write exchange-traded call and
put options on futures contracts. These options are traded on exchanges
that are licensed and regulated by the CFTC for the purpose of options
trading. A call option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the
right, in return for the premium paid, to purchase a futures contract (assume a
“long” position) at a specified exercise price at any time before the option
expires. A put option gives the purchaser the right, in return for the
premium paid, to sell a futures contract (assume a “short” position), for a
specified exercise price at any time before the option expires.
The Fund will write only
options on futures contracts that are “covered.” the Fund will be
considered “covered” with respect to a put option it has written if, so long as
it is obligated as a writer of the put, the Fund segregates with its custodian
cash, U.S. Government securities or liquid securities at all times equal to or
greater than the aggregate exercise price of the puts it has written (less any
related margin deposited with the futures broker). the Fund will be
considered “covered” with respect to a call option it has written on a debt
security future if, so long as it is obligated as a writer of the call, the Fund
owns a security deliverable under the futures contract. the Fund will be
considered “covered” with respect to a call option it has written on a
securities index future if the Fund owns, so long as the Fund is obligated as
the writer of the call, securities the price changes of which are, in the
opinion of the Advisor, expected to replicate substantially the movement of the
index upon which the futures contract is based.
Upon the exercise of a call
option, the writer of the option is obligated to sell the futures contract (to
deliver a “long” position to the option holder) at the option exercise price,
which will presumably be lower than the current market price of the contract in
the futures market. Upon exercise of a put, the writer of the option is
obligated to purchase the futures contract (deliver a “short” position to the
option holder) at the option exercise price, which will presumably be higher
than the current market price of the contract in the futures market. When
the holder of an option exercises it and assumes a long futures position, in the
case of a call, or a short futures position, in the case of a put, its gain will
be credited to its futures margin account, while the loss suffered by the writer
of the option will be debited to its account and must be immediately paid by the
writer. However, as with the trading of futures, most participants in the
options markets do not seek to realize their gains or losses by exercise of
their option rights. Instead, the holder of an option will usually realize
a gain or loss by buying or selling an offsetting option at a market price that
will reflect an increase or a decrease from the premium originally paid.
If the Fund writes options
on futures contracts, the Fund will receive a premium but will assume a risk of
adverse movement in the price of the underlying futures contract comparable to
that involved in holding a futures position. If the option is not
exercised, the particular Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium,
which may partially offset unfavorable changes in the value of securities held
in or to be acquired for the Fund. If the option is exercised, the Fund
will incur a loss in the option transaction, which will be reduced by the amount
of the premium it has received, but which will offset any favorable changes in
the value of its portfolio securities or, in the case of a put, lower prices of
securities it intends to acquire.
Options on futures
contracts can be used by the Fund to hedge substantially the same risks as might
be addressed by the direct purchase or sale of the underlying futures
contracts. If the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it may
obtain benefits similar to those that would result if it held the futures
position itself. Purchases of options on futures contracts may present
less risk in hedging than the purchase and sale of the underlying futures
contracts, since the potential loss is limited to the amount of the premium plus
related transaction costs.
The purchase of put options
on futures contracts is a means of hedging against a general decline in market
prices. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract represents a means
of hedging against a market advance when the particular Fund is not fully
invested.
The writing of a call
option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining
prices of the underlying securities. If the futures price at expiration is
below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option
premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have
occurred in the value of the Fund’s holdings of securities. The writing of
a put option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a futures
contract in that it hedges against an increase in the price of securities the
Fund intends to acquire. However, the hedge is limited to the amount of
premium received for writing the put.
Limitations on Purchase
and Sale of Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts.
Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can be volatile instruments
and involve certain risks. If the Advisor applies a hedge at an
inappropriate time or judges market movements incorrectly, options and futures
strategies may lower the Fund’s return. The Fund could also experience
losses if the prices of its options and futures positions were poorly correlated
with its other investments, or if it could not close out its position because of
an illiquid market. The Fund will not engage in transactions in futures
contracts and related options for speculation. In addition, the Fund will not
purchase or sell futures contracts or related options unless either (i) the
futures contracts or options thereon are purchased for “bona fide hedging”
purposes (as defined under the CFTC regulations) or (ii) if purchased for other
purposes, the sum of the amounts of initial margin deposits on the Fund’s
existing futures and premiums required to establish non-hedging positions, less
the amount by which any such options positions are “in-the-money” (as defined
under CFTC regulations) would not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the
Fund’s total assets. In instances involving the purchase of futures
contracts or the writing of put options thereon by the Fund, an amount of cash and cash
equivalents, equal to the cost of such futures contracts or options written
(less any related margin deposits), will be deposited in a segregated account
with the Fund’s custodian, thereby ensuring that the use of such futures
contracts and options is unleveraged. In instances involving the sale of futures
contracts or the writing of call options thereon by the Fund, the securities
underlying such futures contracts or options will at all times be maintained by
the Fund or, in the case of index futures and related options, the Fund will own
securities the price changes of which are, in the opinion of the Advisor,
expected to replicate substantially the movement of the index upon which the
futures contract or option is based.
Swaps. The Fund may invest in currency,
equity, interest rate, index and other swaps, which involve the exchange by an
investor with another party of their respective commitments, in an attempt to
obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at
a lower cost than if the Fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded
the desired return. In the case of interest rate swaps, an investor may exchange
with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such
as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Use of
swaps subjects the investor to risk of default by the counterparties. If
there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be
contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction
although contractual remedies may not be sufficient in the event that the
counterparty to the transaction is insolvent. The swap market has grown
substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment
banking firms acting both as principals and agents utilizing standardized swap
documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in
comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in
the interbank market. An investor may also enter into currency swaps or
other swaps which are similar to interest rate swaps but may be surrogates for
other instruments such as currency forwards or options.
Forward Commitment & When-Issued Securities.
The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or for settlement
at a future date if the Fund holds sufficient assets to meet the purchase
price. In such purchase transactions, the Fund will not accrue interest on
the purchased security until the actual settlement. Similarly, if a
security is sold for a forward date, the Fund will accrue the interest until the
settlement of the sale. When-issued security purchases and forward commitments
have a higher degree of risk of price movement before settlement due to the
extended time period between the execution and settlement of the purchase or
sale. As a result, the exposure to the counterparty of the purchase or sale is
increased. Although the Fund would generally purchase securities on a
forward commitment or when-issued basis with the intention of taking delivery,
the Fund may sell such a security prior to the settlement date if the Advisor
feels such action is appropriate. In such a case, the Fund could incur a
short-term gain or loss.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may
acquire U.S. Government securities or corporate debt securities subject to
repurchase agreements. A repurchase transaction occurs when, at the time
the Fund purchases a security (normally a U.S. Treasury obligation), it also
resells it to the vendor (normally a member bank of the Federal Reserve or a
registered government securities dealer) and must deliver the security (and/or
securities substituted for them under the repurchase agreement) to the vendor on
an agreed upon date in the future. The repurchase price exceeds the purchase
price by an amount which reflects an agreed upon market interest rate effective
for the period of time during which the repurchase agreement is in effect.
Delivery pursuant to the resale generally will normally occur within one to
seven days of the purchase.
Repurchase agreements are
considered “loans” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the
“1940 Act”), collateralized by the underlying security. The Trust’s Board of
Trustees (the “Board or the “Trustees”) has implemented procedures to monitor on
a continuous basis the value of the collateral serving as security for any
repurchase obligations. The Advisor the Fund’s investment advisor, will consider
the creditworthiness of the vendor. If the vendor fails to pay the agreed
upon resale price on the delivery date, the Fund will retain or attempt to
dispose of the collateral. The Fund’s risk is that such default may include any
decline in value of the collateral to an amount which is less than 100% of the
repurchase price, any costs of disposing of such collateral, and any loss
resulting from any delay in foreclosing on the collateral. The Fund will
not enter into any repurchase agreement that would cause more than 10% of its
net assets to be invested in repurchase agreements which extend beyond seven
days.
Restricted Securities. Within its
limitation on investment in illiquid securities, the Fund may purchase
restricted securities that generally can be sold in privately negotiated
transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the federal
securities laws, or in a registered public offering. Where registration is
required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration
expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek
registration and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an
effective registration statement. If during such a period adverse market
conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than
prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. Restricted
securities that can be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers under
Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933 and are determined to be liquid under
guidelines adopted by and subject to the supervision of the Trustees are not
subject to the limitations on illiquid securities.
Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest
directly in foreign securities traded on U.S. national exchanges or
over-the-counter domestic exchanges; foreign securities represented by American
Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), as described below; and foreign securities traded
on foreign exchanges. The Fund may also invest in foreign currency-denominated
fixed-income securities. Investing in securities issued by companies whose
principal business activities are outside the United States may involve
significant risks not present in domestic investments. For example, there is
generally less publicly available information about foreign companies,
particularly those not subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements of
the U.S. securities laws. Foreign issuers are generally not bound by uniform
accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements and standards of
practice comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Investments
in foreign securities also involve the risk of possible adverse changes in
investment or exchange control regulations, expropriation or confiscatory
taxation, limitation on the removal of cash or other assets of the Fund,
political or financial instability, or diplomatic and other developments which
could affect such investments. Further, economies of particular countries or
areas of the world may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the
United States. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume
than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility.
Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include
higher custodial fees than would apply to domestic custodial arrangements, and
transaction costs of foreign currency conversions. Certain foreign
governments levy withholding taxes on dividend and interest income.
Although in some countries it is possible for the Fund to recover a portion of
these taxes, the portion that cannot be recovered will reduce the income that
the Fund receives from its investments.
ADRs provide a method
whereby the Fund may invest in securities issued by companies whose principal
business activities are outside the United States. ADRs are receipts typically
issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying
securities, and may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored
programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the
form of ADRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved
in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with
respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some
cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has
participated in the creation of a sponsored program.
Borrowing. The Fund may borrow money for
investment purposes, which is a form of leveraging. Leveraging
investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a speculative
technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment
opportunity. Any such borrowing may make the Fund’s NAV more volatile than funds
that do not borrow for investment purposes because leverage magnifies changes in
the Fund’s NAV and on the Fund’s investments. Although the principal of such
borrowings will be fixed, the Fund's assets may change in value during the time
the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for
the Fund. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with
borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay, the Fund's net
income will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely,
if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to
cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund will be less than it
would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for
distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. The use of
derivatives in connection with leverage creates the potential for significant
loss. The Fund does not intend to use leverage in excess of 5% of total assets
and will not make additional investments when outstanding borrowings exceed 5%
of the Fund’s total assets. Any leveraging will comply with the applicable
requirements of the 1940 Act and the guidance of no-action letters issued by the
SEC, including Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (Apr. 18, 1979),
intended to minimize the use of leverage and the possibility that the Fund’s
liabilities will exceed the value of its assets.
The Fund may also borrow
money to meet redemptions or for other emergency purposes. Such borrowings may
be on a secured or unsecured basis at fixed or variable rates of interest. The
1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less
than 300% with respect to all borrowings. If such asset coverage should
decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund
may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings within three days
in order to reduce the Fund's debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even
though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to dispose of
assets at that time. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum
average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or
other fee to maintain a line of credit. Either of these requirements would
increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Lending of Portfolio Securities. In order
to generate additional income, the Fund may lend portfolio securities in an
amount up to 33% of total Fund assets to broker-dealers, major banks, or other
recognized domestic institutional borrowers of securities which the Advisor has
determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the Board. In
determining whether the Fund will lend securities, the Advisor will consider all
relevant facts and circumstances. The Fund may not lend securities to any
company affiliated with the Advisor. Each loan of securities will be
collateralized by cash, U.S. Government securities, or standby letters of credit
not issued by the Fund’s bank lending agent. The Fund might experience a loss if
the borrower defaults on the loan.
The borrower at all times
during the loan must maintain with the Fund cash or cash equivalent collateral.
While the loan is outstanding, the borrower will pay the Fund any interest paid
on the loaned securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral to earn
additional income. Alternatively, the Fund may receive an agreed-upon
amount of interest income from the borrower who has delivered equivalent
collateral. It is anticipated that the Fund may share with the borrower some of
the income received on the collateral for the loan or the Fund will be paid a
premium for the loan. Voting rights for loaned securities will typically
pass to the borrower, but the Fund will retain the right to call any security in
anticipation of a vote that the Advisor deems material to the security on loan.
Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower at
any time. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in
connection with a loan, and may pay a negotiated portion of the income earned on
the cash to the borrower or placing broker. As with other extensions of
credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the
collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities lending
involves counterparty risk, including the risk that the loaned securities may
not be returned or returned in a timely manner and/or a loss of rights in the
collateral if the borrower or the lending agent defaults or fails financially.
There are no limits on the number of borrowers the Fund may use, and the Fund
may lend securities to only one or a small group of borrowers. Mutual funds
participating in securities lending bear the risk of loss in connection with
investments of the cash collateral received from the borrowers, which do not
trigger additional collateral requirements from the borrower.
Temporary Defensive Positions. The Fund
may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent
with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to
adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. During such an
unusual set of circumstances, the Fund may hold up to 100% of its portfolios in
cash or cash equivalent positions (e.g., money market securities, U.S.
Government securities, and/or similar securities). When the Fund takes a
temporary defensive position, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment
objective.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The
following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Board with respect to
the Fund. Except as otherwise stated, these investment restrictions are
fundamental policies, which cannot be changed without the approval of the
holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. A vote
of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund is defined in the
1940 Act as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present
at a shareholder meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding
voting securities of the Fund are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more
than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Unless otherwise
indicated, percentage limitations apply at the time of purchase.
As a matter of fundamental
policy, the Fund may not:
(1) |
Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of another
issuer; |
(2) |
Invest in interests in real estate, real estate mortgage loans, real
estate limited partnerships, oil, gas or other mineral exploration or
development programs or leases, except that the Fund may invest in the
readily marketable securities of companies which own or deal in such
things; purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts (although it
may purchase put options on stock index futures, put options on financial
futures, stock index futures contracts, and put options on portfolio
securities, and may write covered call options); |
(3) |
Underwrite securities issued by others except to the extent the Fund
may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws, in
connection with the disposition of portfolio
securities; |
(4) |
Purchase securities on margin (but the Fund may obtain such
short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of
transactions); |
(5) |
Participate
on a joint or joint and several basis in any trading account in
securities; |
(6) |
Invest 25% or more of
the value of its total assets in any one industry or group of industries
(except that securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies and
instrumentalities are not subject to these limitations), but the Fund MAY
invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in one or more
sectors as described under the non-fundamental operating restrictions
below; |
(7) |
Make
loans of money or securities, except that the Fund may invest in
repurchase agreements; or |
(8) |
Issue
senior securities, borrow money, or pledge its
assets. |
With respect to the
fundamental investment restrictions above (other than those involving senior
securities and borrowings), if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time
of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any
change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction
(i.e., percentage limitations are determined at the time of purchase).
With respect to fundamental
investment limitation set forth in (6) above, the Fund cannot invest more than
25% of its total assets in any one industry or group of industries, but may
invest more than 25% of its total assets in the sectors described above.
For example, the Fund might invest more than 25% of its total assets in the
financial sector, but would not invest more than 25% of its total assets in a
particular industry in the financial sector, such as banking or insurance.
Also, if the Fund invests in one or more investment companies, the Fund will
examine the holdings of such investment companies to ensure that the Fund is not
indirectly concentrating its investments in a particular industry. In
determining the exposure of the Fund to a particular industry for purposes of
the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Fund currently uses
Standard & Poor’s Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) in order to
classify industries.
With respect to the
fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (8) above, 1940 Act
permits the Fund to borrow money in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets
from banks for any purpose (including pledging, mortgaging, or hypothecating
assets) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary
borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).
Senior securities generally
include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although
it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain
borrowings, short sales, written options, firm commitment agreements, and
standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to
cover such obligations. The Fund’s specific policies for segregation of
assets are described in “Additional Information About Investment Policies”
above.
The Fund may invest up to
15% of net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be
sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at
approximately the prices at which they are valued. This restriction is not
limited to the time of purchase.
Subject to the policies
established by the Board, the Advisor makes decisions with respect to, and
places orders for all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the
Fund.
Portfolio turnover is a
ratio that indicates how often the securities in a mutual fund’s portfolio
change during a year’s time. Higher numbers indicate a greater number of
changes, and lower numbers indicate a smaller number of changes. The annualized
portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of
purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly
average value of the portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. The
calculation excludes all securities whose maturities or expiration dates at the
time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover of the Fund
may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may
be affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements
that enable the Fund to receive favorable tax treatment. Portfolio turnover will
not be a limiting factor in making Fund decisions, and the Fund may engage in
short-term trading to achieve its investment objectives.High rates of portfolio
turnover could lower performance of the Fund due to increased transaction costs
and may also result in the realization of short-term capital gains taxed at
ordinary income tax rates.
The portfolio turnover rate
for the Fund over the last two fiscal years, ended September 30, is set forth
below.
Fund |
2020 |
2019 |
Hillman Value Fund |
29.64% |
48.20% |
The portfolio turnover rate
for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, decreased from the prior year
primarily due to fewer equties reaching their sell targets.
Purchases of money market
instruments by the Fund are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The
Fund currently does not expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such
transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net”
basis by a dealer acting as principal for its own account without a stated
commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the
dealer. Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed
amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the
underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased
directly from or sold directly to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are
paid.
Transactions on U.S. stock
exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. On exchanges
on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among
different brokers. Transactions in the over-the-counter market are generally on
a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers, which may include a
dealer mark-up, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of an
instrument.
Normally, most of the
Fund’s fixed income portfolio transactions will be principal transactions
executed in over-the-counter markets and will be executed on a “net” basis,
which may include a dealer mark-up. With respect to securities traded only in
the over-the-counter market, orders will be executed on a principal basis with
primary market makers in such securities except where better prices or
executions may be obtained on an agency basis or by dealing with other than a
primary market maker.
The Fund may participate,
if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of Fund securities directly
from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available
to members of a bidding group. The Fund will engage in this practice,
however, only when the Advisor, in its sole discretion, believes such practice
to be otherwise in the Fund’s interest.
The Fund has adopted, and
the Trustees have approved, policies and procedures relating to the direction of
mutual fund portfolio securities transactions to broker-dealers. In accordance
with the these policies and procedures, in executing Fund transactions and
selecting brokers or dealers, the Advisor will seek to obtain the best overall
terms available for the Fund. In assessing the best overall terms
available for any transaction, the Advisor shall consider factors it deems
relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the
security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or
dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, both for the specific
transaction and on a continuing basis. The Advisor may not give consideration to
sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in selecting broker-dealers to execute
portfolio securities transactions. The Advisor may, however, place portfolio
transactions with broker-dealers that promote or sell the Fund’s shares so long
as such transactions are done in accordance with the policies and procedures
established by the Board that are designed to ensure that the selection is based
on the quality of the broker-dealer’s execution and not on its sales efforts.
The Advisor is authorized to cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer which
furnishes brokerage and research services a higher commission than that which
might be charged by another broker-dealer for effecting the same transaction,
provided that the Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular
transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Advisor to the Fund. Such
brokerage and research services might consist of reports and statistics relating
to specific companies or industries, general summaries of groups of stocks or
bonds and their comparative earnings and yields, or broad overviews of the
stock, bond and government securities markets and the economy.
Supplementary research
information so received is in addition to, and not in lieu of, services required
to be performed by the Advisor and does not reduce the advisory fees payable by
the Fund. The Trustees will periodically review any commissions paid by the Fund
to consider whether the commissions paid over representative periods of time
appear to be reasonable in relation to the benefits inuring to the Fund. It is
possible that certain of the supplementary research or other services received
will primarily benefit one or more other investment companies or other accounts
for which investment discretion is exercised by the Advisor. Conversely,
the Fund may be the primary beneficiary of the research or services received as
a result of securities transactions effected for such other account or
investment company.
The Advisor may also
utilize a brokerage firm affiliated with the Trust or the Advisor if it believes
it can obtain the best execution of transactions from such broker. The Fund will
not execute portfolio transactions through, acquire securities issued by, make
savings deposits in or enter into repurchase agreements with the Advisor or an
affiliated person of the Advisor (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act)
acting as principal, except to the extent permitted by the SEC. In addition, the
Fund will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or
selling group relating thereto of which the Advisor, or an affiliated person of
the Advisor, is a member, except to the extent permitted by the SEC. Under
certain circumstances, the Fund may be at a disadvantage because of these
limitations in comparison with other investment companies that have similar
investment objectives but are not subject to such limitations.
Investment decisions for
the Fund will be made independently from those for the other Fund and any other
series of the Trust, and for any other investment companies and accounts advised
or managed by the Advisor. Such other investment companies and accounts
may also invest in the same securities as the Fund. To the extent
permitted by law, the Advisor may aggregate the securities to be sold or
purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for another Fund or
other investment companies or accounts in executing transactions. When a
purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on
behalf of the Fund and another investment company or account, the transaction
will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount,
in a manner which the Advisor believes to be equitable to the Fund and such
other investment company or account. In some instances, this investment
procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the
size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund.
The following shows the
aggregate amount of broker commissions paid by the Fund during the three most
recent fiscal years , ended September 30, as applicable.
Fund |
September 30, 2020 |
September 30, 2019 |
September 30, 2018 |
Hillman Value Fund |
$84,932 |
$42,179 |
$35,905 |
The increase in brokerage
commission for the Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, from the
prior year was due to an increase in inflows into the Fund..
The NAV per share of the
Fund is determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00
p.m. Eastern Time). The Fund’s NAV is not calculated on the days on which
the NYSE is closed. The NYSE generally recognizes the following holidays:
New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr., Day, President’s Day, Good Friday,
Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
The days on which these holidays are observed and any other holiday recognized
by the NYSE will be deemed a business holiday on which the NAV per share of the
Fund will not be calculated.
The NAV per share of the
Fund is calculated separately by adding the value of the Fund’s securities and
other assets belonging to the Fund, subtracting the liabilities charged to the
Fund, and dividing the result by the number of outstanding shares of the Fund.
“Assets belonging to” the Fund consist of the consideration received upon the
issuance of shares of the Fund together with all net investment income, realized
gains/losses and proceeds derived from the investment thereof, including any
proceeds from the sale of such investments, any Fund or payments derived from
any reinvestment of such proceeds, and a portion of any general assets of the
Trust not belonging to a particular Fund. Assets belonging to the Fund are
charged with the direct liabilities of the Fund and with a share of the general
liabilities of the Trust, which are normally allocated in proportion to the
number of or the relative NAVs of all of the Trust’s series at the time of
allocation or in accordance with other allocation methods approved by the
Trustees. Subject to the provisions of the Trust Instrument, determinations by
the Trustees as to the direct and allocable liabilities, and the allocable
portion of any general assets, with respect to the Fund are conclusive.
The pricing and valuation
of portfolio securities is determined in good faith in accordance with
procedures established by, and under the direction of, the Trustees. Values are
determined according to generally accepted accounting practices and all laws and
regulations that apply. Using methods approved by the Trustees, the assets of
the Fund are generally valued as follows:
• |
Securities that are
listed on a securities exchange are valued at the last quoted sales price
provided by a third-party pricing service at the time the valuation is
made. Price information on listed securities is taken from the exchange
where the security is primarily traded by the
Fund. |
• |
Securities that are
listed on an exchange and which are not traded on the valuation date are
valued at the bid price. |
• |
Unlisted securities
for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the latest
quoted sales price, if available, at the time of valuation, otherwise, at
the latest quoted bid price. |
• |
Temporary cash
investments with maturities of 60 days or less will be valued at amortized
cost, which approximates market value. |
• |
Options are valued at
their last quoted sales price at the valuation time. If an option is
not traded on the valuation date, the option is priced at the mean of the
last quoted bid and ask prices at the valuation time. Options will
be valued on the basis of prices provided by pricing services when such
prices are reasonably believed to reflect the market value of such options
and may include the use of composite or NBBO pricing information provided
by the pricing services. An option may be fair valued when (i) the
option does not trade on the valuation date and a reliable last quoted bid
and ask price at the valuation time are not readily available or (ii) the
Fund’s investment advisor or Fund management does not believe the prices
provided by the pricing services reflect the market value of such
option. |
• |
Securities for which no current quotations
are readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith
using methods approved by the Trustees. Securities may be valued on
the basis of prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are
believed to reflect the fair market value of such
securities. |
• |
Securities may be valued on the basis of
prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are believed to
reflect the fair market value of such
securities. |
Reference is made to
“Purchasing Shares” and “Redeeming Your Shares” in the Prospectus for more
information concerning how to purchase and redeem shares. The following
information supplements the information regarding share purchases and share
redemptions in the Prospectus:
Purchases. Shares of the Fund are offered
and sold on a continuous basis and may be purchased through authorized
investment dealers or directly by contacting the Fund’s distributor, Capital
Investment Group, Inc. (“Distributor”), or the Fund directly. Selling
dealers have the responsibility of transmitting orders promptly to the
Fund. The purchase price of shares of the Fund is based on the NAV next
determined after the order is received, subject to the order being accepted by
the Fund in good form. NAV is normally determined at the close of regular
trading on the NYSE on days the NYSE is open for trading, as described under
“Net Asset Value” above. The NAV per share of the Fund is not calculated on days
on which the NYSE is closed for trading. An order received prior to the close of
the NYSE will be executed at the price calculated on the date of receipt and an
order received after the close of the NYSE will be executed at the price
calculated as of that time on the next business day.
The Fund reserves the right
in its sole discretion to (i) suspend the offering of its shares; (ii) reject
purchase orders when in the judgment of management such rejection is in the best
interest of the Fund and its shareholders; and (iii) reduce or waive the minimum
for initial and subsequent investments under circumstances where certain
economies can be achieved in sales of Fund shares.
Dealers. The Distributor, at its expense,
may also provide additional compensation to dealers in connection with sales of
shares of the Fund. Compensation may include financial assistance to
dealers in connection with conferences, sales, or training programs for their
employees, seminars for the public, advertising campaigns regarding the Fund,
and/or other dealer-sponsored special events. In some instances, this
compensation may be made available only to certain dealers whose representatives
have sold or are expected to sell a significant amount of such shares.
Compensation may include payment for travel expenses, including lodging,
incurred in connection with trips taken by invited registered representatives
and members of their families to locations within or outside of the United
States for meetings or seminars of a business nature. Dealers may not use
sales of the Fund shares to qualify for this compensation to the extent such may
be prohibited by the laws of any state or any self-regulatory organization, such
as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). None
of the aforementioned compensation is paid for by the Fund or its
shareholders.
Redemptions. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund
may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for shares during any period when (i) trading
on the NYSE is restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (ii)
the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (iii)
the SEC has by order permitted such suspension; or (iv) an emergency exists as
determined by the SEC. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the
recordation of the transfer of shares upon the occurrence of any of the
foregoing conditions.
In addition to the
situations described in the Prospectus under “Investing in the Fund – Redeeming
Your Shares,” the Fund may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse the Fund for
any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full
payment for shares purchased by the shareholder, to collect any charge relating
to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder which is applicable
to Fund shares as provided in the Prospectus from time to time, or to close a
shareholder’s account if the Fund is unable to verify the shareholder’s
identity. Such redemptions will not be subject to an otherwise applicable
contingent deferred sales charge.
The Trust, which is a
statutory trust organized under Delaware law on July 14, 2000, is an open-end
investment management company. The Trust Instrument of the Trust
authorizes the Trustees to divide shares into series, each series relating to a
separate portfolio of investments, and to classify and reclassify any unissued
shares into one or more classes of shares of each such series. The Trust
Instrument currently provides for the shares of one series. . The Fund offers a
single class of shares: no load shares. The number of shares of each series
shall be unlimited. When issued for payment as described in the Prospectus and
this SAI, shares of the Fund will be fully paid and non-assessable and shall
have no preemptive rights. The Trust normally does not issue share
certificates.
In the event of a
liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or an individual series, such as the
Fund, shareholders of a particular series would be entitled to receive the
assets available for distribution belonging to such series. Shareholders
of a series are entitled to participate equally in the net distributable assets
of the particular series involved on liquidation, based on the number of shares
of the series that are held by each shareholder. If there are any assets,
income, earnings, proceeds, funds, or payments that are not readily identifiable
as belonging to any particular series, the Trustees shall allocate them among
any one or more of the series as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and
equitable.
Shareholders of all of the
series of the Trust, including the Fund, will vote together and not separately
on a series-by-series or class-by-class basis, except as otherwise required by
law or when the Trustees determine that the matter to be voted upon affects only
the interests of the shareholders of a particular series or class. Rule
18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted to
the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such
as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless
approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each series
or class affected by the matter. A series or class is affected by a matter
unless it is clear that the interests of each series or class in the matter are
substantially identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the
series or class. Under Rule 18f-2, the approval of an investment advisory
agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively
acted upon with respect to a series only if approved by a majority of the
outstanding shares of such series. However, the Rule also provides that the
ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of
principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees may be effectively
acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting together, without regard to a
particular series or class. Rights of shareholders can only be modified by
a majority vote.
When used in the Prospectus
or this SAI, a “majority” of shareholders means the vote of the lesser of (i)
67% of the shares of the Trust or the applicable series or class present at a
meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in
person or by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust
or the applicable series or class.
The Trust Instrument
provides that the Trustees of the Trust will not be liable in any event in
connection with the affairs of the Trust, except as such liability may arise
from a Trustee’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless
disregard of duties. It also provides that all third parties shall look solely
to the Trust property for satisfaction of claims arising in connection with the
affairs of the Trust. With the exceptions stated, the Trust Instrument
provides that a Trustee or officer is entitled to be indemnified against all
liability in connection with the affairs of the Trust.
The following summarizes
certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its
shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to
present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its
shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a
substitute for careful tax planning and are based on tax laws and regulations
that are in effect on the date hereof, and which may be changed by legislative,
judicial, or administrative action. In addition, no attempt is made to address
tax concerns applicable to an investor with a special tax status such as a
financial institution, real estate investment trust, insurance company,
regulated investment company, individual retirement account, other tax-exempt
entity, dealer in securities or non-U.S. investor. Furthermore, this
discussion does not reflect possible application of the alternative minimum tax.
Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes the common shares are held by
U.S. persons and that such shares are held as capital assets. Investors are
advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax
situations.
The Fund, and any other
series of the Trust, will be treated as a separate corporate entity under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), and intends to qualify or
remain qualified as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the
Code. In order to so qualify, each series must elect to be a regulated
investment company or have made such an election for a previous year and must
satisfy certain requirements relating to the amount of distributions and source
of its income for a taxable year. At least 90% of the gross income of each
series must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to
securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks, securities
or foreign currencies, and other income derived with respect to the series’
business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies. Any income
derived by a series from a partnership or trust is treated as derived with
respect to the series’ business of investing in stock, securities or currencies
only to the extent that such income is attributable to items of income that
would have been qualifying income if realized by the series in the same manner
as by the partnership or trust.
An investment company may
not qualify as a regulated investment company for any taxable year unless it
satisfies certain requirements with respect to the diversification of its
investments at the close of each quarter of the taxable year. In general, at
least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash, cash
items, government securities, securities of other regulated investment
companies, and other securities which, with respect to any one issuer, do not
represent more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund or more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of such issuer. In addition, not more than
25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in (i) the
securities (other than government securities or the securities of other
regulated investment companies) of any one issuer; (ii) the securities of two or
more issuers (other than securities of another regulated investment company) if
the issuers are controlled by the Fund and they are, pursuant to Internal
Revenue Service Regulations, engaged in the same or similar or related trades or
businesses; (iii) or the securities of one or more publicly traded partnerships.
The Fund intends to satisfy all requirements on an ongoing basis for continued
qualification as a regulated investment company.
Some, but not all, of the
dividends paid by the Fund may be taxable at the reduced long-term capital gains
tax rate for individual shareholders. If the Fund designates a dividend as
qualified dividend income, it generally will be taxable to individual
shareholders at the long-term capital gains tax rate, provided certain holding
period requirements are met.
Taxable dividends paid by
the Fund to corporate shareholders will be taxed at corporate income tax
rates. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received
deduction (“DRD”) for a portion of the dividends paid and designated by the Fund
as qualifying for the DRD.
If the Fund designates a
dividend as a capital gains distribution, it generally will be taxable to
shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the shareholders
have held their Fund shares or whether received in cash or reinvested in
additional shares. All taxable dividends paid by the Fund other than those
designated as qualified dividend income or capital gains distributions will be
taxable as ordinary income to shareholders, whether received in cash or
reinvested in additional shares. To the extent the Fund engages in increased
portfolio turnover, short-term capital gains may be realized, and any
distribution resulting from such gains will be considered ordinary income for
federal tax purposes. The Fund’s net realized capital gains from securities
transactions will be distributed only after reducing such gains by the amount of
any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital losses may be carried forward
indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Capital loss
carryforwards are available to offset future realized capital gains. To the
extent that these carryforwards are used to offset future capital gains it is
probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders. As of
September 30, 2020 , the Fund had no capital loss carryforwards.
Certain individuals,
estates, and trusts may pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income”
including, among other things, dividends, and proceeds of sale in respect of
securities like the shares, subject to certain exceptions. Prospective investors
should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this
surtax on their ownership and disposition of the shares.
Shareholders who hold Fund
shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a retirement plan, generally will not
have to pay tax on Fund distributions until they receive distributions from
their account.
The Fund, and any other
series of the Trust, will designate (i) any dividend of qualified dividend
income as qualified dividend income; (ii) any tax-exempt dividend as an
exempt-interest dividend; (iii) any distribution of long-term capital gains as a
capital gain dividend; and (iv) any dividend eligible for the corporate DRD as
such in a written notice mailed to shareholders within 60 days after the close
of the series’ taxable year. Shareholders should note that, upon the sale
or exchange of series shares, if the shareholder has not held such shares for at
least six months, any loss on the sale or exchange of those shares will be
treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the capital gain dividends
received with respect to the shares.
To the extent that a
distribution from the Fund is taxable, it is generally included in a
shareholder’s gross income for the taxable year in which the shareholder
receives the distribution. However, if the Fund declares a dividend in
October, November, or December but pays it in January, it will be taxable to
shareholders as if they received it in the year it was declared. Every
year, each shareholder will receive a statement detailing the tax status of any
Fund distributions for that year.
A 4% nondeductible excise
tax is imposed on regulated investment companies that fail to currently
distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable
income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital
losses). Each series of the Trust, including the Fund, intends to make
sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income
and any capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid
liability for this excise tax.
If for any taxable year a
series does not qualify for the special federal income tax treatment afforded
regulated investment companies, all of its taxable income will be subject to
federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for
distributions to its shareholders). In such event, dividend distributions
(whether or not derived from interest on tax-exempt securities) would be taxable
as qualified dividends to individual shareholders, to the extent of the Fund’s
current and accumulated earnings and profits, and would be eligible for the DRD
for corporations, provided in each case that certain holding period and other
requirements are met.
In general, a shareholder
who sells or redeems shares will realize a capital gain or loss, which will be
long-term or short-term, depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the
Fund shares. An exchange of shares may be treated as a sale and any gain
may be subject to tax.
The Fund will be required
in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of
taxable dividends or of gross proceeds realized upon sale paid to shareholders
who have (i) failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number in the
manner required; (ii) are subject to back-up withholding by the Internal Revenue
Service for failure to include properly on their return payments of taxable
interest or dividends; or (iii) who have failed to certify to the Fund that they
are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so.
Back-up withholding is not
an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments to you may be
refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any,
provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue
Service. Depending upon the extent of the Fund’s activities in states and
localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or
independent contractors are located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be
conducting business, the Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or
localities. In addition, in those states and localities that have income
tax laws, the treatment of the Fund and its shareholders under such laws may
differ from their treatment under federal income tax laws.
Dividends paid by the Fund
to non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax unless reduced
by treaty (and the shareholder files a valid Internal Revenue Service Form
W-8BEN, or other applicable form, with the Fund certifying foreign status and
treaty eligibility) or the non-U.S. shareholder files an Internal Revenue
Service Form W-8ECI, or other applicable form, with the Fund certifying that the
investment to which the distribution relates is effectively connected to a
United States trade or business of such non-U.S. shareholder (and, if certain
tax treaties apply, is attributable to a United States permanent establishment
maintained by such non-U.S. shareholder). The Fund may elect not to
withhold the applicable withholding tax on any distribution representing a
capital gain dividend to a non-U.S. shareholder. Special rules may apply
to non-U.S. shareholders with respect to the information reporting requirements
and withholding taxes and non-U.S. shareholders should consult their tax
advisors with respect to the application of such reporting requirements and
withholding taxes.
The Fund will send
shareholders information each year on the tax status of dividends and
distributions. A dividend or capital gains distribution paid shortly after
shares have been purchased, although in effect a return of investment, is
subject to federal income taxation. Dividends from net investment income,
along with capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders, whether received in
cash or Fund shares and no matter how long the shareholder has held Fund shares,
even if they reduce the NAV of shares below the shareholder’s cost and thus, in
effect, result in a return of a part of the shareholder’s investment.
This section of the SAI
provides information about the persons who serve as Trustees and officers to the
Trust as well as the entities that provide services to the Fund.
Trustees and Officers
The Trust is governed by
the Board, which is responsible for the management and supervision of the
Fund. The Trustees set broad policies for the Fund and choose the Fund’s
officers. The Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to review
arrangements with companies that furnish services to the Fund; review
performance of the Advisor and the Fund; and oversee activities of the
Fund. Generally, each Trustee and officer serves an indefinite term or
until certain circumstances such as their resignation, death, or otherwise as
specified in the Trust’s organizational documents. Any Trustee may be
removed at a meeting of shareholders by a vote meeting the requirements of the
Trust’s organizational documents. The following chart shows information
for the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust within the
meaning of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”), the Trustee who is an
“interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act (“Interested Trustee”), and each
officer of the Trust. The address of each Trustee and officer, unless
otherwise indicated, is 116 South Franklin Street, Rocky Mount, North
Carolina 27804.
Name
and Date
of Birth |
Position held
with Funds
or Trust |
Length of
Time Served |
Principal
Occupation During
Past 5 Years |
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Trustee |
Other
Directorships Held
by Trustee During
Past 5 Years |
Independent
Trustees |
James H. Speed, Jr. (06/1953) |
Independent Trustee, Chairman |
Since 3/2009 |
Retired Executive/Private
Investor |
1 |
Independent Trustee of
the Brown Capital Management Mutual Funds for all its series from 2011 to
present, Starboard Investment Trust for all its series from 2009 to
present, Centaur Mutual Funds Trust for all its series from 2013 to
present, Chesapeake Investment Trust for all its series from 2016 to
present, Leeward Investment Trust for all its series from 2018 to present,
and WST Investment Trust for all its series from 2013 to present (all
registered investment companies ). Member of Board of Directors of
Communities in Schools of N.C. from 2001 to present. Member of Board of
Directors of Investors Title Company from 2010 to present. Member of Board
of Directors of AAA Carolinas from 2011 to present. Previously, member of
Board of Directors of M&F Bancorp Mechanics & Farmers Bank from
2009 to 2019 . Previously, member of Board of Visitors of North Carolina
Central University School of Business from 1990 to 2016 . Previously,
Board of Directors of NC Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2004 to 2016 .
Previously, President and CEO of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
Company from 2003 to 2015. |
Theo H. Pitt, Jr. (04/1936) |
Independent Trustee |
Since 5/2013 |
Senior Partner, Community
Financial Institutions Consulting (financial consulting) since
1999. |
1 |
Independent Trustee of
World Funds Trust for all its series from 2013 to present, Chesapeake
Investment Trust for all its series from 2002 to present, Leeward
Investment Trust for all its series from 2011 to present, and Starboard
Investment Trust for all its series from 2010 to present (all registered
investment companies). Senior Partner of Community Financial Institutions
Consulting from 1997 to present. Previously, Partner at Pikar Properties
from 2001 to 2017. |
Interested
Trustee* |
Mark A. Hillman
(03/1962)
|
Trustee and President (Principal Executive
Officer) |
Since 12/2000 |
CEO , Hillman Capital
Management, Inc. (investment advisor to the Fund). |
1 |
None. |
* Basis of Interestedness. Mr. Hillman is
an Interested Trustee because he is an officer of Hillman Capital
Management, Inc., the investment advisor to the
Fund. |
Name
and Date
of Birth |
Position
held with Funds
or Trust |
Length
of Time
Served |
Principal
Occupation During
Past 5 Years |
Officers |
C. Frank Watson
III (09/1970)
|
Treasurer , Principal Accounting Officer, and
Principal Financial Officer |
Since 10/2011 |
President, Fairview
Investment Services, LLC since 2005; Chief Compliance Officer of Hillman
Capital Management since 2006. |
Ashley H . Lanham (03/1984) |
Assistant Secretary and Assistant
Treasurer |
Since 05/2014 and Since 06/2016,
respectively |
Director of Fund
Administration. The Nottingham Company since 2008. |
Tracie A. Coop (12/1976) |
Secretary |
Since 12/2019 |
General Counsel, The
Nottingham Company since 2019. Formerly, Vice President and Managing
Counsel, State Street Bank and Trust Company from 2015 to 2019. Formerly,
General Counsel for Santander Asset Management USA, LLC from 2013 to
2015. |
Matthew Baskir (07/1979) |
Chief Compliance Officer |
Since 05/20 |
Compliance Director, The
Nottingham Company, Inc., since 2020 . Formerly, Consultant at National
Regulatory Services from 2019 to 2020. Formerly, Counsel at Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), Member Supervision from 2016-2019.
Formerly Counsel at FINRA, Market Regulation Enforcement from 2014 – 2016
. |
Qualification of Trustees. The Board believes
that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an
individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees on the
Board lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the requisite skills and
attributes to carry out its oversight responsibilities with respect to the
Trust. The Board believes that its Trustees’ ability to review, critically
evaluate, question, and discuss information provided to them, to interact
effectively with the Advisor, other service providers, counsel and independent
auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of its
duties, support this conclusion. The Board also has considered the following
experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, among others, of its
members, as applicable, in reaching its conclusion: (i) such person’s business
and professional experience and accomplishments, including prior experience in
the financial services and investment management fields or on other boards; (ii)
such person’s ability to work effectively with the other members of the Board;
(iii) how the individual’s skills, experiences, and attributes would contribute
to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board; (iv) such
person’s character and integrity; (v) such person’s willingness to serve and
willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a
Trustee; and (vi) as to each Trustee his status as an Independent Trustee.
In addition, the following
specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills were considered in
respect of the listed Trustee.
Mr. Speed has experience as
an investor as Trustee of several other investment companies and business
experience as president and CEO of an insurance company and as president of a
company in the business of consulting and private investing. Mr. Pitt has
experience as an investor, including his role as trustee of several other
investment companies and business experience as senior partner of a financial
consulting company, as a partner of a real estate partnership and as an account
administrator for a money management firm. Mr. Hillman has experience as an
investor, including his role as president and principal executive officer of the
Trust and founder, controlling shareholder, and chief executive officer of the
Advisor.
The Board has determined
that each of the Trustees’ careers and background, combined with their
interpersonal skills and general understanding of financial and other matters,
enable the Trustees to effectively participate in and contribute to the Board’s
functions and oversight of the Trust.
Board Structure. The Board currently
consists of two Independent Trustees and one Interested Trustee. Mr. Speed, Jr.
serves as Independent Chairman of the Board. The Board believes its
current leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s and the Board’s
current and historical small size and the fact that this size permits Trust
management to communicate with each Independent Trustee as and when needed, and
permits each Independent Trustee to be involved in each committee of the Board
as well as each Board function. The Board may consider electing additional
Independent Trustees in the future, particularly if the Trust’s size or
complexity materially increases.
With respect to risk
oversight, the Board holds four regular meetings each year to consider and
address matters involving the Trust and its Fund. During these meetings, the
Board receives reports from Trust management, including the Trust’s principal
officers and chief compliance officer, and the Fund’s service providers on
regular quarterly items and, where appropriate and as needed, on specific
issues. As part of its oversight function, the Board also may hold
special meetings or communicate directly with the Trust’s officers to address
matters arising between regular meetings. The Board has established a committee
structure that includes an Audit Committee, Nominating Committee, Fair Valuation
Committee, Governance Committee, and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee
(discussed in more detail below). Each committee is comprised entirely of
Independent Trustees.
The Board met seven times
during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 .
Trustee Standing
Committees. The Board has established the following standing
committees:
Audit Committee: The Independent Trustees
are the current members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee
oversees the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices,
reviews the results of the annual audits of the Fund’s financial statements, and
interacts with the Fund’s independent auditors on behalf of all the
Trustees. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee
Charter and meets periodically as necessary. The Audit Committee met twice
during the Fund’s last fiscal year ended September 30,
2020.
Fair Valuation Committee. An Independent
Trustee and a representative of the advisor are members of the Fair Valuation
Committee. The Fair Valuation Committee has the authority to determine the fair
value of specific securities under the methods established by the adopted
Guidelines for Valuing Portfolio Securities. The Fair Valuation Committee meets
only as necessary. The Fair Valuation Committee did not meet during the Fund’s
last fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 .
Governance Committee: All of the Independent
Trustees are members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee
assists the Board in adopting fund governance practices and meeting certain fund
governance standards. The Governance Committee operates pursuant to a Governance
Committee Charter and normally meets annually, but may also meet as often as
necessary to carry out its purpose. The Governance Committee met once
during the Fund’s last fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 .
Qualified Legal Compliance Committee: All
of the Independent Trustees are members of the Qualified Legal Compliance
Committee. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee receives, investigates, and
makes recommendations as to appropriate remedial action in connection with any
report of evidence of a material violation of securities laws or breach of
fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers, trustees, or
agents. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee meets only as necessary
and did not meet during the Fund’s last fiscal year ended September 30, 2020
.
Beneficial Equity Ownership Information. The
table below sets forth, as of December 31, 2020 , the dollar range of equity
securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund, and the aggregate
dollar range of equity securities in the Trust complex.
A = none; B = $1-$10,000; C
= $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Name of Trustee |
Dollar
Range of Equity
Securities
in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Funds Overseen or
to be Overseen by Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies |
Independent Trustees |
James H. Speed, Jr. |
A |
A |
Theo H. Pitt, Jr. |
A |
A |
Interested
Trustee |
Mark A. Hillman |
E |
E |
Ownership of Securities of Advisor, Distributor, or
Related Entities. As of December 31, 2020 , the Independent Trustees
and/or their immediate family members owned no securities of the Advisor,
Distributor, or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control
with the Advisor or Distributor.
Compensation. The officers of the Trust will
not receive compensation from the Trust for performing the duties of their
offices. Each Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer of $5,000 plus a
meeting fee of $500 for each quarterly meeting. In addition, each Independent
Trustee receives a meeting fee of $500 for each special meeting attended
in-person and $250 for each special meeting attended by telephone. Prior to
January 1, 2020, each Independent Trustee received an annual retainer of $4,000
plus $250 per series of the Trust per meeting attended in person and $100 per
series of the Trust per meeting attended by telephone. These amounts may be paid
pro rata in the event that the Fund closes during the fiscal year. All Trustees
and officers are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in
connection with attendance at meetings. During the fiscal year ended September
30, 2020 , the Independent Trustees received the amounts set forth in the
following table for services to the Fund and Fund Complex.
Name of Trustee |
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Fund |
Pension
Retirement
Benefits Accrued
As Part of Fund
Expenses |
Estimated
Annual Benefits
Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation
from the Trust
Paid to Trustees |
James H. Speed, Jr. |
$ 7,750 |
None |
None |
$ 7,750 |
Theo H. Pitt, Jr. |
$ 7,750 |
None |
None |
$ 7,750 |
Code of Ethics. The Trust, the Advisor,
and the Distributor each has adopted a code of ethics, as required by applicable
law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Advisor,
and the Distributor from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent
activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund
(which securities may also be held by persons subject to a code). There
can be no assurance that the codes will be effective in preventing such
activities. The codes permit employees and officers of the Trust, Advisor, and
Distributor to invest in securities held by the Fund, subject to certain
restrictions and pre-approval requirements. In addition, the Advisor’s code
requires that portfolio managers and other investment personnel of the Advisor
report their personal securities transactions and holdings, which are reviewed
for compliance with the Trust’s and Advisor’s code of ethics.
Anti-Money Laundering Program. The Trust
has adopted an anti-money laundering program, as required by applicable law,
that is designed to prevent the Fund from being used for money laundering or the
financing of terrorist activities. The Trust’s CCO is responsible for
implementing and monitoring the operations and internal controls of the program.
Compliance officers at certain of the Fund’s service providers are also
responsible for monitoring the program. The anti-money laundering program is
subject to the continuing oversight of the Trustees.
Proxy Voting Policies. The Trust has
adopted a proxy voting and disclosure policy that delegates to the Advisor the
authority to vote proxies for the Fund, subject to oversight of the Board. A
copy of the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures is included as Appendix
B to this SAI. No later than August 31st of
each year, the Fund files Form N-PX stating how the fund voted proxies relating
to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June
30th.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio
securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30th,
is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at
1-800-773-3863 and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Voting
Securities. As of December 31, 20 20 , the Trustees and officers of
the Trust, as a group, owned beneficially (i.e., had voting and/or investment
power) less than 1% of the then outstanding shares of the Fund. As of
December 31, 2020 , to the Trust’s knowledge, the following shareholder(s) owned
of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding shares may be in control and may
be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of
Shareholders.
HILLMAN VALUE
FUND
Name and Address of Owner |
Percentage of Ownership |
Type
of Ownership
|
Charles Schwab & Co, Inc. 101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104 |
29.96% |
Record*
|
TD Ameritrade, Inc. PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
12.44%
|
Record*
|
*The
Fund believes that such entity does not have a beneficial ownership interest in
such shares.
Investment Advisor. Hillman Capital
Management, Inc., located at 7250 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 310, Bethesda, Maryland
20814, serves as the investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an investment
advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Hillman Capital
Management, Inc. The Advisor is controlled by Mark A. Hillman, who founded the
firm and serves as chief executive officer and chief investment officer. The
Advisor supervises the Fund’s investments pursuant to the investment advisory
agreement for the Fund (“Advisory Agreement”). The Advisory Agreement was
effective for an initial two-year period and is currently renewed for a period
of one year only so long as such renewal and continuance is specifically
approved at least annually; (i) by the Board of the Trust or by vote of a
majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and (ii) by vot of a
majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without
penalty by the Trust by a vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities upon 60 calendardays’ written notice or by the
Advisor upon 60 calendar days’ written notice. The Advisory Agreement provides
that it will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
The Advisor manages the
Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject
to oversight by the Board. The Advisor is responsible for investment decisions,
and provides the Fund with portfolio managers who are authorized to execute
purchases and sales of securities. The portfolio manager for the Fund is Mark A.
Hillman, chief executive officer of the Advisor.
Under the Advisory
Agreement, the Advisor is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law
or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the performance of such
agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect
to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Advisor in the
performance of its duties or from its reckless disregard of its duties and
obligations under the Advisory Agreement.
For its investment advisory
services to the Fund, the Advisor will be paid a management fee by the Fund,
based on a percentage of the Fund’s daily net assets, at an annual rate 0.85% of
the Fund’s net assets. Prior to January 1, 2020, the Advisor was paid a
management fee by the Fund, based on a percentage of the Fund’s daily net
assets, at an annual rate of 1.00%.
Expense Limitation Agreement. In the interest
of limiting expenses of the Fund, the Advisor has entered into the Expense
Limitation Agreement with the Trust, pursuant to which the Advisor has agreed to
waive or reduce its management fee and to assume other expenses of the Fund so
that the total annual operating expenses of the Fund (exclusive of (i) any
front-end or contingent deferred loads; (ii) brokerage fees and commissions;
(iii) acquired fund fees and expenses; (iv) fees and expenses associated with
investments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments
(including for example, option and swap fees and expenses); (v) borrowing costs
(such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short); (vi) taxes;
and (vii) extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include
indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of
Fund service providers (other than the Advisor)) is limited to 0.95%. The
contractual arrangement is in effect through January 31, 2022 unless
terminated by the Board at any time. It is expected that the Expense Limitation
Agreement will continue from year-to-year thereafter, provided such continuance
is specifically approved by a majority of the Trustees who (i) are not
“interested persons” of the Trust or any other party to the Expense Limiation
Agreement, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, and (ii) have no direct or
indirect financial interest in the operation of the Expense Limitation
Agreement. The Advisor cannot recoup from the Fund any amounts paid by the
Advisor under the Expense Limitation Agreement.
The following chart shows
the total dollar amount that the Fund paid to Hillman Capital Management, Inc.,
during the last three fiscal years ended September 30.
Fiscal Year Ended |
Advisory Fees Incurred |
Advisory Fees Waived |
2020 1
|
$795,548 |
$281,348 |
2019 2
|
$406,787 |
$62,485 |
2018 2
|
$348,705 |
$44,404 |
1.
Effective January 31, 2020, the expense limit is 0.95% of the average
daily net assets of the Fund. From October 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020, the
Fund’s Total Annual Operating Expenses were limited to 1.50% of the average
daily net assets of the Fud up to $53 million, 1.25% of the average daily net
assets of the Fund from $53 million to $60 million, 1.18% of the average daily
net assets of the Fund from $60 million to $75 million, 1.08% of the average
daily net assets of the Fund from $75 million to $100 million and 0.98% of the
average daily net assets of the Fund over $100 million
2.
For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the
expense limit was 1.499% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.
Portfolio Manager Compensation. Mark A. Hillman is the
Fund’s portfolio manager. He is a principal of the Advisor and his
compensation consists of a fixed annual salary, plus additional remuneration
based on the Advisor’s assets under management. Compensation is not
directly linked to the Fund’s performance, although positive performance and
growth in managed assets are factors that may contribute to the Advisor’s
distributable profits and assets under management.
Ownership of Fund Shares. The table below
shows the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio
manager as of the end of the Fund’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and
stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1-$10,000; C =
$10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; E = $100,001-$500,000; F =
$500,001-$1,000,000; and G = over $1,000,000.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in
the Fund |
Mark A. Hillman |
E |
Other Accounts. In addition to the Fund,
the portfolio manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of certain
other accounts. The table below shows the number of, and total assets in,
such other accounts as of the end of the Fund’s fiscal year ended September 30,
2020 .
Portfolio Manager |
Registered
Investment
Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment
Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts |
Total
Assets |
Number of
Accounts |
Total
Assets |
Number of
Accounts |
Total
Assets |
Mark A. Hillman |
0 |
$0 |
1 |
$ 4,421,010.68 |
356 |
$91,964,361.69 |
Accounts with
Performance-Based Fee |
Mark A. Hillman |
0 |
$0 |
1 |
$4,421,010.68 |
356 |
$91,964,361.69 |
Conflicts of Interests. The portfolio
manager’s management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of
interest in connection with management of the Fund’s investments, on the one
hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other
accounts consist of separately managed private clients (“Other Accounts”).
The Other Accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Fund, be
compared to the same index as the Fund, or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell
securities that are eligible to be held, purchased, or sold by the Fund.
Knowledge of the Timing and Size of Fund
Trades: A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of
the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of the Fund. The portfolio
manager knows the size and timing of trades for the Fund and the Other Accounts,
and may be able to predict the market impact of Fund trades. It is
theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to
the advantage of Other Accounts it manages and to the possible detriment of the
Fund, or vice versa.
Investment Opportunities: The Advisor
provides investment supervisory services for a number of investment products
that have varying investment guidelines. The portfolio manager works
across different investment products. Differences in the compensation
structures of the Advisor’s investment products may give rise to a conflict of
interest by creating an incentive for the Advisor to allocate the investment
opportunities it believes might be the most profitable to the client accounts
where it might benefit the most from the investment gains.
Administrator. The Trust has entered into
a Fund Accounting and Administration Agreement with The Nottingham Company
(“Administrator”), located at 116 South Franklin Street, Post Office Box 69,
Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27802-0069. The Administrator performs the following
services for the Fund: (i) procures on behalf of the Trust, and coordinates with
the custodian and monitors the services it provides to the Fund; (ii)
coordinates with and monitors any other third parties furnishing services to the
Fund; (iii) provides the Fund with necessary office space, telephones, and
other communications facilities and personnel competent to perform
administrative and clerical functions for the Fund; (iv) assists or supervises
the maintenance by third parties of such books and records of the Fund as may be
required by applicable federal or state law; (v) assists in the preparation
of all federal, state, and local tax returns and reports of the Fund required by
applicable law; (vi) assists in the preparation of and, after approval by the
Trust, files and arranges for the distribution of proxy materials and periodic
reports to shareholders of the Fund as required by applicable law; (vii) assists
in the preparation of and, after approval by the Trust, arranges for the filing
of such registration statements and other documents with the SEC and other
federal and state regulatory authorities as may be required by applicable law;
(viii) reviews and submits to the officers of the Trust for their approval
invoices or other requests for payment of Fund expenses and instructs the
custodian to issue checks in payment thereof; and (ix) takes such other action
with respect to the Fund as may be necessary in the opinion of the Administrator
to perform its duties under the agreement. The Administrator will also provide
certain accounting and pricing services for the Fund.
Compensation of the
Administrator, which is based upon an administration fee on the average daily
net assets of the Fund, is at the following annual rates: 0.100% of the Fund’s
first $250 million, 0.080% on the next $250 million, 0.060% on the next $250
million, 0.050% on the next $250 million, 0.040% on the next $1 billion, and
0.035% on the average daily net assets over $2 billion, with a monthly minimum
general administration fee of $2,000. The Administrator currently receives a
monthly fund accounting fee of $2,250 per Fund for accounting and recordkeeping
services with an additional fee of $500 per month for each additional class of
shares plus an asset-based fee of 0.01% of the net assets of the Fund. The
Administrator will also receive the following to procure and pay the custodian
for the Fund: 0.02% on the first $200 million of the Fund’s net assets and
0.009% on all assets over $200 million plus transaction fees with a minimum
annual fee of $5,000. The Administrator also charges the Fund for certain costs
involved with the daily valuation of investment securities and is reimbursed for
out-of-pocket expenses.
The following shows the
total dollar amounts that the Fund paid to the Administrator for the three most
recent fiscal years ended September 30.
|
2020 |
2019 |
2018 |
Administration Fees |
$94,481 |
$40,679 |
$34,871 |
Fund Accounting Fees |
$35,970 |
$31,010 |
$30,487 |
Transfer Agent. The Trust has entered
into a Dividend Disbursing and Transfer Agent Agreement with Nottingham
Shareholder Services, LLC (“Transfer Agent”), a North Carolina limited liability
company, to serve as transfer, dividend paying, and shareholder servicing agent
for the Fund. The address of the Transfer Agent is 116 South Franklin
Street, Post Office Box 4365, Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27803-0365.
Distributor. Capital Investment Group,
Inc., located at 100 E. Six Forks Road, Suite 200, Raleigh, North Carolina
27609, acts as an underwriter and distributor of the Fund’s shares for the
purpose of facilitating the registration of shares of the Fund under state
securities laws and to assist in sales of Fund shares pursuant to the
Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund. In this
regard, the Distributor has agreed, at its own expense, to qualify as a
broker-dealer under all applicable federal or state laws in those states which
either Fund shall from time to time identify to the Distributor as states in
which it wishes to offer its shares for sale, in order that state registrations
may be maintained for that Fund. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered
with the SEC and a member in good standing of the FINRA. The Distribution
Agreement may be terminated by either party upon 60 days’ prior written notice
to the other party.
The Distributor received
the following commissions and other compensation from the Fund during the fiscal
year ended September 30, 2020 :
Net
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Compensation on
Redemptions and Repurchases |
Brokerage Commissions
|
Other Compensation
|
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
$ 3 ,000 |
Custodian. UMB Bank, n.a., with its
principal place of business located at 1010 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City,
Missouri 64106, serves as custodian for the Fund’s assets (the “Custodian”). The
Custodian acts as the depository for the Fund, safekeeps portfolio securities,
collects all income and other payments with respect to portfolio securities,
disburses monies at the Fund’s request, and maintains records in connection with
its duties as custodian. For its services, the Custodian is entitled to
receive a monthly fee from the Administrator based on the average net assets of
the Fund plus additional out-of-pocket and transaction expenses as incurred by
the Fund.
Compliance Services Administrator. The
Trust has entered into a compliance services arrangement with The Nottingham
Company , located at 116 S. Franklin Street, Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27802 .
The Trust’s CCO will prepare and update the Trust’s compliance manual and
monitor and test compliance with the policies and procedures under the Trust’s
compliance manual.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
BBD, LLP, located at 1835 Market Street, 3rd
Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the independent registered
public accounting firm for the Fund. The independent registered public
accounting firm conducts an annual audit of the Fund’s financial
statements and prepares the Fund’s federal, state, and excise tax
returns. Shareholders will receive annual audited and semi-annual
(unaudited) reports when published and written confirmation of all transactions
in their account. A copy of the most recent Annual Report will accompany
the SAI whenever a shareholder or a prospective investor requests it.
Legal Counsel. Greenberg Traurig LLP
serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.
The Fund offers the following shareholder
services:
Regular Account. The regular account
allows for voluntary investments to be made at any time. Available to
individuals, custodians, corporations, trusts, estates, corporate retirement
plans, and others, investors are free to make additions and withdrawals to or
from their accounts. When an investor makes an initial investment in the
Fund, a shareholder account is opened in accordance with the investor’s
registration instructions. Each time there is a transaction in a
shareholder account, such as an additional investment or the reinvestment of a
dividend or distribution, the shareholder will receive a confirmation statement
showing the current transaction and all prior transactions in the shareholder
account during the calendar year-to-date, along with a summary of the status of
the account as of the transaction date. As stated in the Prospectus, share
certificates are not issued.
Automatic Investment Plan. The automatic
investment plan enables shareholders to make regular monthly or quarterly
investments in shares through automatic charges to their checking
accounts. With shareholder authorization and bank approval, the relevant
Fund will automatically charge the checking account for the amount specified
($100 minimum), which will be automatically invested in shares at the NAV on or
about the 21st day of the month. The shareholder may change the amount of
the investment or discontinue the plan at any time by writing to the Fund.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan. Shareholders
owning shares of the Fund with a value of $10,000 or more may establish a
systematic withdrawal plan. A shareholder may receive monthly or quarterly
payments, in amounts of not less than $100 per payment, by authorizing the Fund
to redeem the necessary number of shares periodically (each month, or quarterly
in the months of March, June, September, and December) in order to make the
payments requested. The Fund has the capacity to electronically deposit
the proceeds of the systematic withdrawal directly to the shareholder’s personal
bank account ($5,000 minimum per bank wire). Instructions for establishing
this service are included in the Fund Shares Application or available by calling
the Fund. If the shareholder prefers to receive his systematic withdrawal
proceeds in cash, or if such proceeds are less than the $5,000 minimum for a
bank wire, checks will be made payable to the designated recipient and mailed
within seven days of the valuation date. If the designated recipient is
other than the registered shareholder, the signature of each shareholder must be
guaranteed on the application (see “Investing in the Fund – Redeeming Your
Shares – Signature Guarantees” in the Prospectus). A corporation (or
partnership) must also submit a “Corporate Resolution” (or “Certification of
Partnership”) indicating the names, titles, and required number of signatures
authorized to act on its behalf. The application must be signed by a duly
authorized officer(s) and the corporate seal affixed. Costs in conjunction with
the administration of the plan are borne by the Fund. Shareholders should be
aware that such systematic withdrawals may deplete or use up entirely their
initial investment and may result in realized long-term or short-term capital
gains or losses. The systematic withdrawal plan may be terminated at any time by
the Fund upon 60 days’ written notice or by a shareholder upon written notice to
the Fund. Applications and further details may be obtained by calling the Fund
at 1-800-773-3863, or by writing
to:
Hillman Value Fund
c/o Nottingham
Shareholder Services
116 South Franklin Street
Post Office Box
4365
Rocky Mount, North Carolina 27803-0365
Purchases in Kind. The Fund may accept
securities in lieu of cash in payment for the purchase of shares in the
particular Fund. The acceptance of such securities is at the sole
discretion of the Advisor, based upon the suitability of the securities accepted
for inclusion as a long term investment of the Fund, the marketability of such
securities, and other factors which the Advisor may deem appropriate. If
accepted, the securities will be valued using the same criteria and methods as
described in “Investing in the Fund – Purchase and Redemption Price” in the
Prospectus.
Redemptions In-Kind. The Fund does not
intend, under normal circumstances, to redeem its securities by payment in
kind. It is possible, however, that conditions may arise in the future
which would, in the opinion of the Trustees, make it undesirable for the Fund to
pay for all redemptions in cash. In such case, the Trustees may authorize
payment to be made in readily marketable portfolio securities of the Fund. The
securities will be chosen by the Fund, may be either a pro rata payment each of
the securities held by the Fund or a representative sample of securities, and
will be valued at the same value assigned to them in computing the NAV per
share. Shareholders receiving securities would incur brokerage costs when these
securities are sold. An irrevocable election has been filed under Rule 18f-1 of
the 1940 Act, wherein the Fund committed itself to pay redemptions in cash,
rather than in kind, to any shareholder of record of the Fund who redeems during
any 90-day period, the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the Fund’s NAV at
the beginning of such period.
Transfer of Registration. To transfer
shares to another owner, send a written request to the applicable Fund at the
address shown herein. Your request should include the following: (i) the Fund’s
name and existing account registration; (ii) signature(s) of the registered
owner(s) exactly as the signature(s) appear(s) on the account registration;
(iii) the new account registration, address, social security or taxpayer
identification number, and how dividends and capital gains are to be
distributed; (iv) signature guarantees (See the Prospectus under the heading
“Signature Guarantees”); and (v) any additional documents which are required for
transfer by corporations, administrators, executors, trustees, guardians, etc.
If you have any questions about transferring shares, call or write the
Fund.
The Board has adopted a
policy that governs the disclosure of portfolio holdings. This policy is
intended to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the
shareholders of the Fund and to address possible conflicts of interest.
Under the Fund’s policy, the Fund generally will not disclose the Fund’s
portfolio holdings to a third party unless such information is made available to
the public. The policy provides that the Fund may disclose non-public portfolio
holdings information as required by law and under other limited circumstances
that are set forth in more detail below.
The Fund will generally
make its complete portfolio holdings information available to the public at
http://www.ncfunds.com/holdings/current-107.htm ten days after the end of each
calendar month. Details on obtaining this information is available in the
Prospectus. The Fund will also file these quarterly portfolio holdings reports
with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N- PORT , as applicable. The Fund’s
Form N-CSR and Form N- PORT are available on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov. The first and third quarter portfolio holdings reports will
be filed with the SEC on Form N- PORT and the second and fourth fiscal quarter
portfolio holdings reports will be included with the semi-annual and annual
financial statements, respectively, which are sent to shareholders and filed
with the SEC on Form N-CSR.
To the extent that the
Fund’s portfolio holdings have previously been disclosed publicly either through
a filing made with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N- PORT , or by being
posted to the Fund’s website, such holdings may also be disclosed to any third
party that requests them.
Consistent with policies
approved by the Board, the officers of the Fund will share non-public portfolio
holdings information with the Fund’s service providers that require such
information for legitimate business and Fund oversight purposes. Recipients of
non-public portfolio holdings information have a duty not to trade on that
confidential information. The Fund has not (and does not intend to) enter into
any arrangement providing for the receipt of compensation or other consideration
in exchange for the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information,
other than the benefits that result to the Fund and its shareholders from
providing such information, which include the publication of Fund ratings and
rankings.
The Advisor, as well as the
custodian, fund accountant and Administrator, and CCO, have full daily access to
the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These service providers are subject to
obligations requiring them to keep non-public portfolio holdings information
confidential. In some, but not all, cases these confidentiality
obligations are established by written agreements. The Board has concluded that
the confidentiality obligations in place for these parties are adequate to
safeguard the Fund from unauthorized disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings
information. In addition, the Advisor has a code of ethics that prohibits
covered persons from disclosing or trading based on non-public portfolio
holdings information.
The Fund’s Distributor,
Transfer Agent, independent public accountants, and legal counsel have access to
the Fund’s portfolio holdings on an ad hoc, as needed basis. The Distributor and
Transfer Agent are subject to written agreements that establish confidentiality
obligations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The independent
public accountants and legal counsel are subject to professional obligations
that require them to keep non-public portfolio holdings information
confidential. The Board has concluded that the confidentiality obligations in
place for these parties are adequate to safeguard the Fund from unauthorized
disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information.
Allegra Design Marketing
Print Mail, Broadridge ICS, PrintGrafix (a division of Sunbelt Graphics Systems,
Inc.), PrinterLink Communications Group, Inc., Riverside Printing, Inc., and
V.G. Reed & Sons are financial printers the Fund may engage for, among other
things, the printing and/or distribution of regulatory and compliance
documents. These service providers are subject to written agreements that
establish confidentiality obligations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio
holdings.
The Fund and its service
providers may also provide non-public portfolio holdings information to
appropriate regulatory agencies as required by applicable laws and
regulations.
The Fund currently does not
provide non-public portfolio holdings information to any other third
parties. In the future, the Advisor may establish ongoing arrangements
with other third parties if the Advisor determines that the Fund has a
legitimate business purpose for doing so, determines that the disclosure is in
the shareholders' best interest, and the recipient is subject to a duty of
confidentiality. These parties could include, by way of example, financial
data processing companies that provide automated data scanning and monitoring
services for the Fund, research companies that allow the Advisor to perform
attribution analysis for the Fund; and the Advisor’s proxy voting agent to
assess and vote proxies on behalf of the Fund. The Advisor is responsible
for determining which other third parties have a legitimate business purpose for
receiving the Fund’s portfolio holdings information.
The Fund’s policy regarding
disclosure of portfolio holdings is subject to the continuing oversight and
direction of the Board. Oversight includes: (i) review and approval of the
policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings as necessary, including review of the
parties receiving non-public portfolio holdings information; (ii) periodic
assessment of compliance in connection with a report from the Trust’s CCO,
(iii) receipt of reports on any conflicts of interest where disclosure of
information about portfolio holdings may conflict or appear to conflict with the
interests of the Fund’s investment advisor, any principal underwriter for the
Trust, or an affiliated person of the Trust, and (iv) receipt of reports on any
known disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to unauthorized third parties.
The Fund and Advisor are obligated to report issues that arise under the policy
on disclosure of portfolio holdings to the CCO. Material compliance
matters are then reported to the Board.
The audited financial
statements of the Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 , including
the financial highlights appearing in the Annual Reports to shareholders, are
incorporated by reference and made a part of this document. You may request a
copy of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports at no charge by calling the
Fund at 1-800-773-3863 or on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The various ratings used by
the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (each a “NRSRO”) are
described below. A rating by a NRSRO represents the organization’s opinion
as to the credit quality of the security being rated. However, the ratings
are general and are not absolute standards of quality or guarantees as to the
creditworthiness of an issuer. Consequently, the Advisor believes that the
quality of the securities in which the Fund may invest should be reviewed
quarterly and that individual analysts give different weightings to the various
factors involved in credit analysis. A rating is not a recommendation to
purchase, sell, or hold a security, because it does not take into account market
value or suitability for a particular investor. When a security has
received a rating from more than one NRSRO, each rating is evaluated
independently. Ratings are based on current information furnished by the
issuer or obtained by the NRSRO from other sources that they consider
reliable. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of
changes in or unavailability of such information, or for other reasons. The Fund
may acquire from time to time certain securities that meet the following minimum
rating criteria (“Investment-Grade Debt Securities”) (or if not rated, of
equivalent quality as determined by the Advisor). The various ratings used
by the nationally recognized securities rating services are described
below.
S&P Global Ratings. The following
summarizes the highest four ratings used by S&P Global Ratings, a division
of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for bonds which are deemed to be
Investment‑Grade Debt Securities by the Advisor:
AAA – An
obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global
Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the
obligation is extremely strong.
AA – An
obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small
degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the
obligation is very strong.
A – An
obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in
higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB
– An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters.
However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely
to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment
on the obligation.
To provide more detailed
indications of credit quality, the AA, A, and BBB ratings may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within these major
rating categories.
Bonds rated BB, B, CCC, CC,
and C are not considered by the Advisor to be Investment‑Grade Debt Securities
and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB
indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such
obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these
may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse
conditions.
Commercial paper rated A‑1
by S&P Global Ratings indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong
safety characteristics are denoted A‑1+. Capacity for timely payment on
commercial paper rated A‑2 is satisfactory, but the relative degree of safety is
not as high as for issues designated A‑1.
The rating SP‑1 is the
highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings to short term notes and
indicates strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue
determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus
(+) designation. The rating SP‑2 indicates a satisfactory capacity to pay
principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and
economic changes over the term of the notes. The rating SP-3 indicates a
speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. The
following summarizes the highest four ratings used by Moody’s Investors Service,
Inc. (“Moody’s”) for fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one
year or more, which are deemed to be Investment-Grade Debt Securities by the
Advisor:
Aaa –
Bond obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to
the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa –
Bond obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to
very low credit risk.
A – Bond
obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low
credit risk.
Baa –
Bond obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate
credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Obligations that are rated
Ba, B, Caa, Ca, or C by Moody’s are not considered “Investment-Grade Debt
Securities” by the Advisor. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have
speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit
risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are
subject to very high credit risk.
Note: Moody’s appends
numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa
through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the
higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range
ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic
rating category.
Short-Term
Ratings.
Moody’s short-term ratings
are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial
obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or
individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an
original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the
following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated
issuers:
P-1 –
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to
repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 –
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to
repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 –
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to
repay short-term debt obligations.
NP –
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of
the Prime rating categories.
Note:
Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the
senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor, or
support-provider.
US Municipal Short-Term
Debt And Demand Obligation Ratings.
Short-Term Debt Ratings. There are three
rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered
investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment
Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levels – MIG 1 through MIG 3. In
addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are
designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of
the obligation.
MIG 1 –
This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is
afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or
demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 –
This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are
ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 –
This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and
cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely
to be less well-established.
SG –
This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt
instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings. In the case
of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned;
a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first
element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with
scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents
Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive
purchase price upon demand ("demand feature"), using a variation of the MIG
rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or
short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g.,
Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1.
VMIG rating expirations are
a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
VMIG 1 –
This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is
afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider
and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase
price upon demand.
VMIG 2 –
This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is
afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and
structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase
price upon demand.
VMIG 3 –
This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is
afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity
provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of
purchase price upon demand.
SG –
This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features
rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not
have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or
legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon
demand.
Fitch Ratings. The following summarizes the
highest four ratings used by Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”):
Long-Term
Ratings.
AAA –
Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of
credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is
highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA –
Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low
default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial
commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable
events.
A – High
credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low default risk.
The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong.
This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or
economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB –
Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of default
risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments
is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more
likely to impair this capacity.
Long-term securities rated
below BBB by Fitch are not considered by the Advisor to be Investment-Grade Debt
Securities. Securities rated BB and B are regarded as speculative with
regard to a possible credit risk developing. BB is considered speculative
and B is considered highly speculative. Securities rated CCC, CC, and C
are regarded as a high default risk. A rating CC indicates that default of
some kind appears probable, while a rating C signals imminent default.
Securities rated DDD, D, and D indicate a default has occurred.
Short-Term
Ratings.
F1 –
Highest short-term credit quality. The rating F1 indicates the strongest
intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an
added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 –
Good short-term credit quality. The rating F2 indicates good intrinsic
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 –
Fair short-term credit quality. The rating F3 indicates the intrinsic
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B –
Speculative short-term credit quality. The rating B indicates minimal
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened
vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic
conditions.
Short-term rates B, C, and
D by Fitch are considered by the Advisor to be below investment-grade
securities. Short-term securities rated B are considered speculative,
securities rated C have a high default risk, and securities rated D denote
actual or imminent payment default.
(+) or (-) suffixes may be
appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating
categories. Such suffixes are not added to long-term ratings “AAA”
category, categories below “CCC”, or short-term ratings other than “F1”.
The suffix “NR” indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the issuer or issue
in question.
Hillman
Capital Management, Inc.
Proxy
Voting Policies and Procedures
Hillman
Capital Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”) shall vote proxies related to
securities held in our clients’ portfolios, including the portfolios of mutual
funds for which we serve as the investment adviser, in the best interest of our
clients. All references in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are
limited solely to clients for which we have agreed to vote such proxies. A
client may reserve to itself the right to vote proxies.
The
Adviser’s authority to vote the proxies of certain clients is established by
advisory contracts or comparable documents. In addition to requirements of
the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) governing advisers, our proxy
voting policies reflect the fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA
accounts.
The
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), requires us to
act solely in the best interest of our clients at all times. We have
adopted and implemented these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures which we
believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best
interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6
under the Advisers Act.
Reflecting a
basic investment philosophy that good management is shareholder focused, proxy
votes will generally be cast in support of management on routine corporate
matters and in support of any management proposal that is plainly in the
interest of all shareholders. Specifically, proxy votes generally will be
cast in favor of proposals that:
• maintain
or increase shareholder rights generally.
• maintain
or strengthen the shared interests of stockholders and management;
• increase
shareholder value; and
Proxy
votes will generally be cast against proposals having the opposite effect of the
above interests. Where we perceive that a management proposal, if
approved, would tend to limit or reduce the market value of the company’s
securities, we will generally vote against it. We believe that means for
ensuring management accountability to shareholders, in the rare cases where the
means are threatened, must not be compromised.
We
generally support shareholder rights and recapitalization measures undertaken
unilaterally by boards of directors properly exercising their responsibilities
and authority, unless such measures could have the effect of reducing
shareholder rights or potential shareholder value. In cases where
shareholder proposals challenge such actions, our voting position will generally
favor not interfering with the directors’ proper function in the interest of all
shareholders.
We
believe that proposals addressing strictly social or political issues are not
relevant to the goal of maximizing the return on funds under our
management. We will generally vote against such proposals, but will
consider supporting proposals that seek to protect shareholder rights or
minimize risks to shareholder value.
We may
delegate our responsibilities under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
to a third party, provided that we retain final authority and fiduciary
responsibility for proxy voting. If we so delegate our responsibilities,
we shall monitor the delegate’s compliance with these Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures.
We have
contracted with Broadridge Financial Solutions and will use their Proxy Edge
proxy voting platform (“PE”) for proxy voting support related to voting and
recordkeeping. The proxy voting recommendations are provided by
Glass-Lewis. Under the terms of our arrangement with PE, we inform PE, in
advance, as to how we intend for certain issues to be voted. PE has
categorized common proxy voting issues and we can instruct PE to vote either for
or against a particular type of proposal or we can instruct PE to seek specific
instruction from us with respect to that particular type of proposal on a
case-by-case basis (“Voting Instructions”). We have carefully considered
each of the categories of issues presented by PE and have determined which
issues we will generally support, which we will generally oppose and which we
will vote on a case by case basis after careful evaluation of the issue(s)
presented. A basic discussion of our proxy voting philosophies is incorporated
into these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. We will review our
standing Voting Instructions annually. We may alter our standing Voting
Instructions at any time and, from time to time, PE may ask us to provide Voting
Instructions for additional categories of proxy issues.
Votes
will be cast by PE in a timely fashion. PE receives all proxy statements, sorts
the proposals according to their categories and votes the proxies according to
our Voting Instructions. Proposals for which a voting decision has been
pre--determined are automatically voted by PE pursuant to the Voting
Instructions. We inform PE as to how other proposals are to be voted
through PE’s website.
To the
extent that a proxy contains a “case-by-case” issue which will not be voted by
PE according to our pre-determined Voting Instructions, we review the proxy to
assess the extent, if any, to which there may be a material conflict between the
interests of our clients on the one hand and our interests (including those of
our affiliates, directors, officers, employees and other similar persons) on the
other hand (a “potential conflict”). We perform this assessment on a
proposal-by-proposal basis, and a potential conflict with respect to one
proposal in a proxy shall not indicate that a potential conflict exists with
respect to any other proposal in such proxy. If we determine that a potential
conflict may exist, it shall be reported to our Proxy Voting Committee,
consisting of Mark A. Hillman and Trevor Lee, The Proxy Voting Committee shall
determine whether a potential conflict exists and is authorized to resolve any
such conflict in a manner that is in the collective best interests of our
clients (excluding any client that may have a potential conflict). Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Proxy Voting Committee may resolve
a potential conflict in any of the following manners:
• We
may disclose the potential conflict to our clients and obtain the consent of
each of our clients before voting such securities pro-rata in accordance with
the interests of our clients; or
• We
may engage an independent third-party to determine how the proxy should be
voted.
We will
use commercially reasonable efforts to determine whether a potential conflict
may exist, and a potential conflict shall be deemed to exist if and only if one
or more of our senior portfolio managers actually knew or reasonably should have
known of the potential conflict.
We may
abstain from voting a client proxy if we conclude that the effect on
shareholders’ economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is
indeterminable or insignificant
We may
abstain from voting a client proxy for cost reasons (e.g, costs associated with voting proxies of
non-U.S. securities). In accordance with our fiduciary duties, we will weigh the
costs and benefits of voting proxy proposals and make an informed decision with
respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent. Our decision takes
into account the effect that the vote of our clients, either by itself or
together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of our client’s
investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of
voting.
To the
extent that the Hillman Value Fund invests in shares of other investment
companies in accordance with the safe harbor provisions of Section 12(d)(1)(F)
of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Adviser will vote proxies
with respect to such investment company securities in the same proportion as the
vote of all other holders of such securities.
Unless
otherwise directed by a client in writing, we are responsible for voting all
proxies related to securities that we manage for clients with respect to which
we have accepted proxy voting responsibility in writing. A client may from
time to time direct us in writing to vote proxies in a manner that is different
from the guidelines set forth in these Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures. We will follow such written direction for proxies received
after our receipt of such written direction.
We shall
maintain certain records required by applicable law in connection with proxy
voting activities and shall provide proxy voting information to a client for
which we are responsible for voting proxies upon written request. We shall keep
the following records in an easily accessible place for a period of at least
five years, the first two years in our offices:
• Proxy
statements received for client securities (we may rely on filings made on the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR system to maintain this
record);
• Records
of each vote cast on behalf of clients;
• Records
of written client requests for proxy voting information and any written
responses by us to any client requests for such information; and
• Documents
prepared by us that were material to making a proxy voting decision or that
memorialized the basis for a voting decision.
Clients
should contact us in writing to obtain information about how we voted proxies
with respect to their securities and to request a copy of our Proxy Voting
Policies and Procedures at:
Hillman Capital Management, Inc.
7250 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 310
Bethesda, MD 20814
Our
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be reviewed annually. The Proxy
Voting Committee will review present procedures and past decisions with the aim
of developing the most coherent and understandable proxy voting policy
possible. We believe that a careful and continually evolving policy is
indispensable to the task of discharging our fiduciary duties as an investment
advisor.
These
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures may be amended at any time by the Adviser,
provided that material changes that affect proxy voting for the Hillman Value
Fund shall be ratified by the Board of Trustees of such fund within four (4)
months of adoption by the Adviser.
Adopted as of this 8th day of June 2006
Amended this 18th day of June 2009
Amended this 8th
day of June 2011
Amended this 30th
day of January 2012
Amended this 26th
day of January 2014
Mark A. Hillman, Chief Executive Officer