Tributary
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund
Institutional
Class (Ticker:FOSIX)
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FOSPX)
Tributary
Income Fund
Institutional
Class (Ticker: FOINX)
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FOIPX)
Tributary
Nebraska Tax-Free Fund
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FONPX)
Tributary
Balanced Fund
Institutional
Class (Ticker: FOBAX)
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FOBPX)
Tributary
Small/Mid Cap Fund
Institutional
Class (Ticker: FSMCX)
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FSMBX)
Tributary
Small Company Fund
Institutional
Class (Ticker: FOSCX)
Institutional
Plus Class (Ticker: FOSBX)
Each a
Separate Investment Portfolio of
TRIBUTARY
FUNDS, INC.
Statement of
Additional Information
August 1,
2022
This
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus but should be
read in conjunction with the Prospectus (the “Prospectus”) of Tributary
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund (the “Short-Intermediate Bond Fund”), Tributary
Income Fund (the “Income Fund”), Tributary Nebraska Tax-Free Fund (the “Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund”), Tributary Balanced Fund (the “Balanced Fund”), Tributary
Small/Mid Cap Fund (the “Small/Mid Cap Fund”), and Tributary Small Company Fund
(the “Small Company Fund”) (each, a “Fund,” and together, the “Funds”). The
Prospectus for the Funds is dated August 1, 2022. The Funds are each separate
investment portfolios of Tributary Funds, Inc. This SAI is incorporated in its
entirety into the Prospectus. No investment in shares (“Shares”) of a Fund
should be made without first reading the Funds’ Prospectus. The financial
statements and related report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm included in the Funds’ annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31,
2022 are incorporated by reference into this SAI. Copies of the Prospectus or
Annual Report may be obtained, free of charge, by writing to Tributary Funds,
Inc., P.O. Box 219022, Kansas City, MO 64141-6022, or by telephoning toll free
(800) 662-4203. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same
meanings as in the Prospectus.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
|
Page |
THE
COMPANY |
3 |
INVESTMENT
POLICIES AND RISKS |
3 |
Additional
Information on Portfolio Instruments |
3 |
Investment
Restrictions |
20 |
Portfolio
Turnover |
22 |
NET
ASSET VALUE |
22 |
ADDITIONAL
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE INFORMATION |
23 |
MANAGEMENT
OF THE COMPANY |
25 |
Directors
and Officers |
25 |
Board
Structure |
27 |
Fund
Committees |
28 |
Proxy
Voting Policies |
30 |
Investment
Advisers and Sub-Advisers |
31 |
Portfolio
Transactions |
32 |
Portfolio
Holdings |
34 |
Portfolio
Managers |
35 |
Co-Administrators |
37 |
Compliance
Services |
38 |
Expenses |
38 |
Distributor |
38 |
Distribution
and Service Plan |
38 |
Administrative
Services Plan |
39 |
Custodian |
40 |
Transfer
Agency Services |
40 |
Banking
Regulations |
41 |
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm |
41 |
Legal
Counsel |
41 |
Codes
of Ethics |
41 |
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION |
42 |
Organization
and Capital Structure |
42 |
Shareholder
Meetings |
42 |
Control
Persons and Principal Holders of Securities |
43 |
Vote
of a Majority of the Outstanding Shares |
48 |
Additional
Tax Information |
48 |
State
Taxes |
50 |
Miscellaneous |
51 |
Financial
Statements |
51 |
APPENDIX
A |
A-1 |
APPENDIX
B – Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures |
B-1 |
STATEMENT OF
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
THE
COMPANY
Tributary
Funds, Inc. (the “Company”), a Nebraska corporation organized on October 12,
1994, is an open-end management investment company which currently offers six
investment portfolios. Prior to August 1, 2010, the Company operated under the
name First Focus Funds, Inc. and each of the Funds operated with “First Focus”
as a part of the name, as opposed to “Tributary.” The change in the name of the
Company and each of the Funds was the result of a reorganization of the advisory
relationships between the Funds and their investment advisers. The Tributary
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, Tributary Income Fund, Tributary Balanced Fund,
Tributary Small/Mid Cap Fund, and Tributary Small Company Fund are each a
diversified fund, which means that, with respect to 75% of each such Fund’s
total assets, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in the
securities of any single issuer nor hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any single issuer. The Tributary Nebraska Tax-Free Fund is a
non-diversified fund.
INVESTMENT
POLICIES AND RISKS
Additional
Information on Portfolio Instruments
The
following supplements certain of the Funds’ principal investment policies and
risks disclosed in the Prospectus, and otherwise references the Funds’
non-principal investment strategies.
Recent
Market Events Risk. The financial markets in which the Funds invest are subject
to price volatility that may result in losses. The recent outbreak of the novel
coronavirus, first detected in December 2019, has disrupted the financial
markets and produced significant market volatility. Novel coronavirus has also
adversely affected the economies of many nations, individual companies and the
markets in general. Its full impact cannot be known at the present time. Certain
regions or countries may perform better or worse due to, among other factors,
the nature and level of their public health response. This health crisis and
future health crises may exacerbate pre-existing political, social and economic
risks in certain countries. The impact of a crisis may be short term or may last
for an extended period of time. This pandemic has resulted, and future epidemics
and pandemics may similarly result, in significant volatility in the financial
markets. Such volatility can lead to increased levels of redemptions, which
could adversely affect the Funds’ performance and result in additional
losses.
Bank
Obligations. Each Fund may invest in bank obligations such as bankers’
acceptances, certificates of deposit, and demand and time deposits.
Bankers’
acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange typically drawn by an
importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a
bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face
value of the instrument upon its maturity. Bankers’ acceptances invested in by
the Funds will be those guaranteed by domestic and foreign banks having, at the
time of investment, capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 (as of the date of their most recently published financial
statements).
Certificates
of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a
commercial bank or a savings and loan association for a definite period of time
and earning a specified return. The Funds may invest in certificates of deposit
and demand and time deposits of domestic and foreign banks and savings and loan
associations, if (i) at the time of investment the depositary institution has
capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 (as of the
date of its most recently published financial statements), or (ii) the principal
amount of the instrument is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (“FDIC”).
The Funds
may also invest in Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit, which are U.S.
dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign and
domestic banks located outside the United States; Yankee Certificates of
Deposit, which are certificates of deposit issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign
bank denominated in U.S. dollars and held in the United States; Eurodollar Time
Deposits (“ETDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in a foreign
branch of a U.S. bank or a foreign bank; and Canadian Time Deposits, which are
basically the same as ETDs, except they are issued by Canadian offices of major
Canadian banks.
Commercial
Paper. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Except as noted below with respect to variable amount master
demand notes, issues of commercial paper normally have maturities of less than
nine months and fixed rates of return.
Each Fund
may invest in “investment grade” domestic and foreign commercial paper. For a
complete explanation of “investment grade” commercial paper, please see Appendix
A to this SAI. In general, investment in lower-rated instruments is more risky
than investment in instruments in higher rated categories. The Funds may also
invest in Canadian commercial paper, which is commercial paper issued by a
Canadian corporation or a Canadian counterpart of a U.S. corporation, and in
Europaper, which is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper of a foreign
issuer.
Variable
Amount Master Demand Notes. Variable amount master demand notes, in which
each of the Funds may invest, are unsecured demand notes that permit the
underlying debt to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest
rate according to the terms of the instrument. Because master demand notes are
direct lending arrangements between a Fund and the issuer, they are not normally
traded. Although there is no secondary market in the notes, a Fund may demand
payment of principal and accrued interest at any time. A Fund’s investment
adviser or sub-adviser (each an “Adviser” and, collectively, the “Advisers”)
will consider the earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the
issuers of such notes and will continuously monitor their financial status and
ability to meet payment on demand. In determining average weighted portfolio
maturity, a variable amount master demand note will be deemed to have a maturity
equal to the longer of the period of time remaining until the next interest rate
adjustment or the period of time remaining until the principal amount can be
recovered from the issuer through demand. No Fund will invest more than 5% of
its assets in such securities.
Master
Limited Partnerships. A master limited partnership (“MLP”) is a limited
partnership, the interests of which are freely traded on an established market,
and which receives special tax treatment as a partnership under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To qualify as an MLP, at least
90% of its income must be from qualifying sources such as exploration,
development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage,
and marketing of mineral or natural resources. The general partner of the MLP is
usually structured as a private or public corporation (often in the energy or
real estate industries), an investment fund, or other type of entity. The
general partner typically controls the operations and management of the
partnership while each limited partner (with limited control and voting rights)
provides capital investment and receives income distributions from its
operations. Unlike shareholders in a corporation, MLP limited partners do not
elect directors annually. In the event of liquidation, holders of common limited
partnership units of MLPs usually have first rights to the MLP’s remaining
assets after bondholders, other debt holders, and any preferred unit holders
have been paid in full.
Limited
partnerships are “pass through” entities and do not pay U.S. federal income tax
at the entity level. Therefore, more cash may be available for distributions,
as compared to the corporate structure. MLP partnerships are usually
structured in ways that provide financial incentives to the general partner to
streamline expenses, increase capital expenditures, increase cash flows and pay
distributions. The general partner and each limited partner are normally each
responsible for their respective proportionate share of income, gains, losses,
and deductions, even if the MLP does not pay a cash distribution. Accordingly,
there is a risk that a Fund could be liable for MLP-related tax in respect to
its share of the MLP’s gains, even though the MLP did not make a distribution of
cash to the Fund. If, as a result of a change in current law or a change in an
MLP’s business, an MLP were treated as a corporation for federal income tax
purposes, the MLP would be obligated to pay federal income tax on its income at
the corporate tax rate, which would reduce the amount of cash available for
distributions, and the distributions a Fund receives could be taxed entirely as
dividend income. Historically, because many MLPs have pursued aggressive
acquisition activities, a significant portion of income from such MLPs has been
offset by tax deductions. If an MLP in which a Fund invests previously engaged
in such acquisition activity and then significantly reduced such activity, such
MLP’s accelerated depreciation (generated by the new acquisitions) would be
reduced, which could result in an increase in a Fund’s tax liability respecting
its investment in the MLP. Each Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in
units of MLPs which are traded on U.S. or global securities
exchanges.
The risk of
investing in a limited partnership is different than investing in other types of
equity securities. Holders of limited partnership interests generally have less
control and rights respecting the partnership’s operations, as compared to
shareholders in a corporation. There are also potential conflicts of interest
that may arise between the limited partners and the general partner.
Furthermore, changes in the Code or a determination by the Internal Revenue
Service (“IRS”) that the MLP must be taxed as a corporation would eliminate the
flow-through taxation benefits of a partnership.
Foreign
Investments. Each Fund except the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund may invest in
foreign securities either directly or through the purchase of sponsored or
unsponsored depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”). The Short-Intermediate Bond Fund and Income Fund may each invest up to
10% of its assets in foreign securities. The
Balanced
Fund, Small/Mid Cap Fund and Small Company Fund may each invest up to 20% of its
assets in foreign securities either directly or through the purchase of
sponsored and unsponsored ADRs.
Foreign
securities are debt and equity securities that are traded in markets outside of
the U.S. The markets in which these securities are located can be developed or
emerging. An “emerging country” is generally a country that the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and the International
Finance Corporation would consider to be an emerging or developing country.
Typically, emerging markets are in countries that are in the process of
industrialization, with lower gross national product (“GNP”) than more developed
countries. There are currently in excess of 100 countries that the international
financial community generally considers to be emerging or developing countries,
approximately 40 of which currently have stock markets. These countries
generally include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada,
Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and most nations located in Western
Europe.
ADRs are
securities, typically issued by a U.S. financial institution (a “depositary”),
that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities issued
by a foreign issuer and deposited with the depositary. Generally, ADRs are
designed for trading in the U.S. securities market, and may be available for
investment through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility
is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and
a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary
without participation by the issuer of the receipt’s underlying security.
Holders of an unsponsored depositary receipt generally bear all the costs of the
unsponsored facility. Unsponsored depositary receipts may be less liquid than
sponsored ones, and there may be less information available regarding the
underlying foreign issuer for the unsponsored depositary receipt. The depositary
of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or
to pass through voting rights with respect to the deposited securities to the
holders of the receipts.
Investments
in securities issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks, or other
foreign issuers, including ADRs, investment companies that invest in foreign
securities, and securities purchased on foreign securities exchanges, may
subject the Funds to investment risks that differ in some respects from those
related to investments in obligations of U.S. domestic issuers or in U.S.
securities markets. Such risks include trade balances and imbalances, and
related economic policies, future adverse political, economic, and social
developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on interest and dividend
income, possible seizure, nationalization, or expropriation of foreign
investments or deposits, currency blockage, less stringent disclosure
requirements, the possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the
source, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions. In addition,
foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks, and foreign issuers may be
subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting,
auditing, reporting, and record keeping standards than those applicable to
domestic branches of U.S. banks and U.S. domestic issuers, and securities
markets in foreign countries may be structured differently from and may not be
as liquid as the U.S. markets. Where purchases of foreign securities are made in
foreign currencies, a Fund may incur currency conversion costs and may be
affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in the value of foreign currencies
against the U.S. dollar.
Investments
in emerging markets involve even greater risks such as immature economic
structures and legal systems which may not be totally developed. The economies
of individual emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from
the U.S. economy in such respects as GNP growth, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures. These
economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior
governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under certain
circumstances in some emerging market countries, and the extent of foreign
investment in certain fixed income securities and domestic companies may be
subject to limitation in other emerging market countries. Foreign ownership
limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual companies in
emerging market countries to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign
investment limitations. Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the
proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration
and/or approval in some emerging countries. A Fund could be adversely affected
by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental registration or
approval for such repatriation. Any investment subject to such repatriation
controls will be considered illiquid if it appears reasonably likely that this
process will take more than seven days.
Funds that
invest in emerging markets may also be exposed to an extra degree of custodial
and/or market risk, especially where the securities purchased are not traded on
an official exchange or where ownership records regarding the securities are
maintained by an unregulated entity (or even the issuer itself).
Fixed
Income Securities. Each of the Funds may invest in fixed income securities.
With the exception of the Short Intermediate Fund, the Income Fund, and Balanced
Fund, any fixed income securities in which any of the Funds invest will be
“investment grade.” The Short Intermediate Fund and the Income Fund may each
invest up to 20% of their respective assets in fixed-income securities rated
below “investment grade,” but no lower than a B rating, by a nationally
recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) at the time of purchase.
The Balanced Fund and the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund may invest up to 20% of the
fixed income portion of the Fund in fixed income securities rated below
“investment grade,” but not lower than a B rating by an NRSRO at the time of
purchase. For a complete explanation of “investment grade” fixed income
securities, please see Appendix A to this SAI.
High-Yield
Bonds and Securities of Distressed Companies. Investments in securities
rated below investment grade that are eligible for purchase by certain of the
Funds are described as “speculative” by Moody’s and Fitch. Investment in lower
rated corporate debt securities (“high-yield securities” or “junk bonds”) and
securities of distressed companies generally provide greater income and
increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher
quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and
principal and income risk. Securities of distressed companies include both debt
and equity securities. High-yield securities and debt securities of distressed
companies are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s
continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Issuers of
high-yield and distressed company securities may be involved in restructurings
or bankruptcy proceedings that may not be successful. Analysis of the
creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high-yield or debt
securities of distressed companies may be more complex than for issuers of
higher quality debt securities.
High-yield
securities and debt securities of distressed companies may be more susceptible
to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than
investment grade securities. The prices of these securities have been found to
be less sensitive to interest-rate changes than higher-rated investments, but
more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate
developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising
interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in prices of high-yield
securities and debt securities of distressed companies because the advent of a
recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make
principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of
securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of
interest and principal, the Funds, by investing in such securities, may incur
additional expenses to seek recovery of their respective investments. In the
case of securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their
market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and
therefore tend to be more volatile than securities which pay interest
periodically and in cash. The respective sub-advisers seek to reduce these risks
through diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments
and trends in both the economy and financial markets.
The
secondary market on which high-yield and distressed company securities are
traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less
liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at
which the Funds could sell a high-yield or distressed company security, and
could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. Adverse
publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high-yield and distressed
company securities, especially in a thinly traded market. When secondary markets
for high-yield and distressed company securities are less liquid than the market
for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities
because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may
play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective
data available. The Advisers seek to minimize the risks of investing in all
securities through diversification, in-depth analysis and attention to current
market developments.
The use of
credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high-yield securities and debt
securities of distressed companies can involve certain risks. For example,
credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of a debt
security, not the market value risk of a security. Also, credit rating agencies
may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since
the security was last rated. The Advisers do not rely solely on credit ratings
when selecting debt securities for a Fund, and develop their own independent
analysis of issuer credit quality. If a credit rating agency changes the rating
of a debt security held by a Fund, the Fund may retain the security if the
Adviser deems it in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.
U.S.
Government Obligations. Each of the Funds may invest in obligations issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities,
including bills, notes, and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury.
Obligations
of certain agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government are supported
by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as those of the
Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and the Export Import
Bank of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal National
Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks,
are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase
the agency’s obligations; and still others,
such as
those of the Federal Farm Credit Banks or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), are supported only by the credit of the
instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would
provide financial support to U.S. government-sponsored agencies or
instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law. Each of the Funds may
invest in the obligations of such agencies or instrumentalities only when the
Fund’s Adviser believes that the associated credit risk is commensurate with the
anticipated gain.
Municipal
Securities Generally. Municipal securities are debt obligations issued by a
state, its political subdivisions, municipalities, agencies, and authorities
issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction
or improvement of a wide range of public facilities such as airports, bridges,
highways, hospitals, housing, jails, mass transportation, nursing homes, parks,
public buildings, recreational facilities, school facilities, streets, and water
and sewer works. Other public purposes for which municipal securities may be
issued include the refunding of outstanding obligations, the anticipation of
taxes or state aids, the payment of judgments, the funding of student loans,
community redevelopment, the purchase of street maintenance and firefighting
equipment, or any authorized corporate purpose of the issuer except for the
payment of current expenses. In addition, certain types of industrial
development and other revenue bonds may be issued by or on behalf of public
corporations to finance privately operated housing facilities, air or water
pollution control facilities, and certain local facilities for water supply,
gas, electricity, or sewage or solid waste disposal. Other types of industrial
development bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction,
equipping, repair, or improvement of privately operated industrial, commercial
or office facilities, constitute municipal securities, although current federal
income tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such
issues.
Over 25% of
the municipal securities in a Fund’s portfolio may derive their payment from
mortgage loans. Certain of these municipal securities in a Fund may be single
family mortgage revenue bonds issued for the purpose of acquiring from
originating financial institutions notes secured by mortgages on residences
located within the issuer’s boundaries and owned by persons of low or moderate
income. Mortgage loans are generally partially or completely prepaid prior to
their final maturities, as a result of events such as the sale of the mortgaged
property, default condemnation, or casualty loss. Because these bonds are
subject to extraordinary mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, from such
prepayments on mortgage loans, a substantial portion of such bonds will probably
be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities or even prior to their ordinary
call dates. The redemption price of such issues may be more or less than the
offering price of such bonds. Extraordinary mandatory redemption without premium
could also result from the failure of the originating financial institutions to
make mortgage loans in sufficient amounts within a specified time period or, in
some cases, from the sale by the bond issuer of the mortgage loans. Failure of
the originating financial institutions to make mortgage loans would be due
principally to the interest rates on mortgage loans funded from other sources
becoming competitive with the interest rates on the mortgage loans funded with
the proceeds of the single family mortgage revenues available for the payment of
the principal of or interest on such mortgage revenue bonds. Single family
mortgage revenue bonds issued after December 31, 1980 were issued under Code
§103A, which contains certain ongoing requirements relating to the use of the
proceeds of such bonds in order for the interest on such bonds to retain its
tax-exempt status. In each case, the issuer of the bonds has agreed to comply
with applicable requirements and bond counsel to such issuer has issued an
opinion that the interest on the bonds is exempt from federal income tax under
existing laws and regulations. There can be no assurance that such ongoing
requirements will be met. The failure to meet these requirements could cause the
interest on the bonds to become taxable, possibly retroactively from the date of
issuance.
Certain of
the municipal securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be obligations of issuers
whose revenues are primarily derived from mortgage loans to housing projects for
low to moderate income families. The ability of such issuers to make debt
service payments will be affected by events and conditions affecting financed
projects including, among other things, the achievement and maintenance of
sufficient occupancy levels and adequate rental income, increases in taxes,
employment and income conditions prevailing in local labor markets, utility
costs, and other operating expenses, the managerial ability of project managers,
changes in laws and governmental regulations, the appropriation of subsidies and
social and economic trends affecting the localities in which the projects are
located. The occupancy of housing projects may be adversely affected by high
rent levels and income limitations imposed under federal and state programs.
Like single-family mortgage revenue bonds, multi-family mortgage revenue bonds
are subject to redemption and call features, including extraordinary mandatory
redemption features, upon prepayment, sale, or non-origination of mortgage
loans, as well as upon the occurrence of other events.
Over 25% of
the municipal securities in the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund Fund’s portfolio may be
health care revenue bonds. Ratings of bonds issued for health care facilities
are often based on feasibility studies that contain projections of occupancy
levels, revenues and expenses. A facility’s gross receipts and net income
available for debt service may be affected by future events and conditions
including, among other things, demand for services, the ability of the facility
to provide the services required, physicians’ confidence in the facility,
management capabilities, competition with other hospitals, efforts by insurers
and government agencies to limit rates, legislation establishing state
rate-setting agencies
expenses,
government regulation, the cost and possible unavailability of malpractice
insurance and the termination or restriction of governmental financial
assistance, including that associated with Medicare, Medicaid and other similar
third party payer programs. Medicare reimbursements are currently calculated on
a prospective basis utilizing a single nationwide schedule of rates. Prior to
this nationwide approach, Medicare reimbursements were based on the actual costs
incurred by the health facility. The current legislation may adversely affect
reimbursements to hospitals and other facilities for services provided under the
Medicare program.
Over 25% of
the municipal securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be obligations of issuers
whose revenues are primarily derived from the sale of electric energy. Utilities
are generally subject to extensive regulation by state utility commissions
which, among other things, establish the rates which may be charged and the
appropriate rate of return on an approved asset base. The problems faced by such
issuers include the difficulty in obtaining approval for timely and adequate
rate increases from the governing public utility commission, the difficulty in
financing large construction programs, the limitations on operations and
increased costs and delays attributable to environmental considerations,
increased competition, recent reductions in estimates of future demand for
electricity in certain areas of the country, the difficulty of the capital
market in absorbing utility debt, the difficulty in obtaining fuel at reasonable
prices, and the effect of energy conservation. In addition, many states have
enacted renewable energy standards requiring utilities to supply a minimum
amount of renewable energy, the cost of which is often higher than non-renewable
sources, leading to potential decreased profits. Many of such issuers have
experienced some of these problems in varying degrees. In addition, federal,
state, and municipal governmental authorities may from time to time review
existing and impose additional regulations governing the licensing, construction
and operation of nuclear power plants, which may adversely affect the ability of
the issuers of such bonds to make payments of principal and/or interest of such
bonds.
Over 25% of
the municipal securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be university and college
revenue obligations. University and college revenue obligations are obligations
of issuers whose revenues are derived mainly from tuition, dormitory revenues,
grants, and endowments. General problems faced by such issuers include declines
in the number of students, possible inability to raise tuitions and fees, the
uncertainty of continued receipt of federal grants and state funding, and
government legislation or regulations which may adversely affect the revenues or
costs of such issuers.
Certain of
the municipal securities in a Fund’s portfolio may be Build America Bonds. Build
America Bonds are tax credit bonds created by the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “Recovery Act”), which authorized state and local
governments to issue Build America Bonds as taxable bonds in 2009 and 2010,
without volume limitations, to finance any capital expenditures for which such
issuers could otherwise issue traditional tax-exempt bonds. State and local
governments may receive a direct federal subsidy payment for a portion of their
borrowing costs on Build America Bonds equal to 35% of the total coupon interest
paid to investors. The state or local government issuer can elect to either take
the federal subsidy or pass the 35% tax credit along to bondholders. A Fund’s
investments in Build America Bonds will result in taxable income and such Fund
may elect to pass through to shareholders the corresponding tax credits. The tax
credits can generally be used to offset federal income taxes and the alternative
minimum tax, but such credits are generally not refundable. Build America Bonds
involve similar risks as municipal bonds, including credit and market risk. In
particular, should a Build America Bond’s issuer fail to continue to meet the
applicable requirements imposed on the bonds as provided by the Recovery Act, it
is possible that such issuer may not receive federal cash subsidy payments,
impairing the issuer’s ability to make scheduled interest payments. They are
intended to assist state and local governments in financing capital projects at
lower borrowing costs and are likely to attract a broader group of investors
than tax-exempt municipal bonds. The Build America Bond program expired on
December 31, 2010, at which point no further issuance was permitted.
Municipal
Securities. Nebraska Tax-Free Fund. The Fund seeks to invest at least 80% of
its assets in a portfolio of “investment grade” municipal securities which
generate interest income that is exempt from both federal and Nebraska state
income taxes. This is a fundamental policy for the Fund. For a complete
explanation of “investment grade” municipal securities, please see Appendix A to
this SAI.
The
municipal securities in which the Fund invests consist of the respective state’s
tax-exempt bonds, notes, commercial paper and participation interests in
municipal leases. Tax-exempt notes and commercial paper are generally used to
provide for short-term capital needs and ordinarily have a maturity of up to one
year. These include notes issued in anticipation of tax revenue, revenue from
other government sources or revenue from bond offerings and short-term,
unsecured commercial paper, which is often used to finance seasonal working
capital needs or to provide interim construction financing. Tax-exempt leases
are obligations of state and local government units incurred to lease or
purchase equipment or other property utilized by such governments. The Fund will
not originate leases as a lessor, but will instead purchase a participation
interest in the regular payment stream of the underlying lease from a bank,
equipment lessor or other third party. In the case of non-Nebraska securities,
general obligation bonds are secured by the full faith and credit of the issuer
and may be repaid by any revenue source. Revenue bonds are payable from the
revenue derived from a particular facility or class of
facilities
or, in some
cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue
source, but not from the general taxing power, and sanitary and improvement
(“SID”) bonds may be repaid from the collection of taxes and assessments of
property owners in the SID. Tax-exempt industrial development bonds are in most
cases revenue bonds and generally do not carry the pledge of the credit of the
issuing municipality. The revenues from which such bonds are paid generally
constitute an obligation of the corporate entity on whose behalf the bonds are
issued.
Although the
participations in municipal leases which the Fund may purchase (“lease
obligations”) do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for
which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is
ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and
make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease
obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the
municipality has no obligation to make lease payments in future years unless
money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the
“non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of
financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with
more conventional bonds and therefore may be less liquid than other municipal
securities. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the
leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might
prove difficult. The Fund will only purchase lease obligations which are rated
“investment grade” by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”). Each Fund
will not invest more than 10% of its net investment assets in lease obligations
including, but not limited to, those lease obligations which contain
“non-appropriation clauses”. For a complete explanation of “investment grade”
municipal securities, please see Appendix A to this SAI.
The Fund
will only purchase lease obligations which are covered by an existing opinion of
legal counsel experienced in municipal lease transactions that, as of the date
of issue or purchase of each participation interest in a municipal lease, the
interest payable on such obligation is exempt from both federal income tax and
the relevant state’s income tax and that the underlying lease was the valid and
binding obligation of the governmental issuer.
The Fund
also may purchase floating and variable rate demand notes from municipal and
non-governmental issuers. These notes normally have a stated maturity in excess
of one year, but permit the holder to demand payment of principal plus accrued
interest upon a specified number of days notice. Frequently, such obligations
are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided
by banks. Use of letters of credit or other credit support arrangements will
generally not adversely affect the tax-exempt status of these obligations. The
Fund’s Adviser will rely upon the opinion of the issuer’s bond counsel to
determine whether such notes are exempt from federal and the relevant state’s
income taxation. The issuer of floating and variable rate demand notes nominally
has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the
outstanding principal amount of the note plus accrued interest upon a specified
number of days notice to the note holders. The interest rate on a floating rate
demand note is based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate, and
is adjusted automatically each time such rate is adjusted. The interest rate on
a variable rate demand note is adjusted at specified intervals, based upon a
known lending rate. The Fund’s Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the
issuers of floating and variable rate demand notes. Each Fund will not invest in
derivative financial instruments other than in connection with its hedging
activities.
As noted,
the Fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in “investment grade”
municipal securities. Lower quality securities involve a greater risk of
default, including nonpayment of principal and interest, than investment grade
securities; however, the risk of default is present in investment grade
securities. Municipal securities rated in the lowest category of investment
grade debt may have speculative characteristics. Investment in medium-quality
debt securities (rated Baa or A by Moody’s) involves greater investment risk,
including the possibility of issuer default or bankruptcy, than investment in
higher-quality debt securities. Medium-quality municipal securities are
considered to possess adequate, but not outstanding, capacities to service their
obligations. An economic downturn may disrupt this market and adversely affect
the value of outstanding bonds and the ability of the issuers to repay principal
and interest. During a period of adverse economic changes, including a period of
rising interest rates, issuers of such bonds are more likely to experience
difficulty in servicing their principal and interest payment obligations than is
the case with higher grade bonds. The existence of a liquid trading market for
the municipal securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in
such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made for any of
the municipal securities, that any market for the municipal securities will be
maintained or of the liquidity of the municipal securities in any markets made.
Medium-quality debt securities tend to be less marketable than higher-quality
debt securities because the market is less liquid. The market for unrated debt
securities is even narrower. During periods of thin trading in these markets,
the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly, and
the Fund may have greater difficulty selling the medium-quality debt securities
in its portfolio.
In addition,
certain municipal securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to
extraordinary optional and/or mandatory redemptions at par if certain events
should occur. To the extent securities were purchased at a price in excess of
the par value thereof and are subsequently redeemed at par as a result of an
extraordinary redemption, the Fund would suffer a loss of principal.
In addition
to the foregoing, the yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety
of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition
of the issuer, general conditions of the state’s tax-exempt obligation market,
the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating
of the issue or issuer. The ratings of Moody’s represent their opinions as to
the quality of the municipal securities which they undertake to rate. It should
be emphasized, however, that ratings are general, and not absolute, standards of
quality. Consequently, municipal securities of the same maturity, interest rate
and rating may have different yields, while municipal securities of the same
maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same yield.
Subsequent to their purchase by the Fund, particular municipal securities or
other investments may cease to be rated or their ratings may be reduced below
the minimum rating required for purchase by the Fund.
Factors that Pertain to Nebraska.
Because the Fund will invest substantially all of its assets in Nebraska
municipal securities, the Fund is susceptible to political and economic factors
affecting the issuers of Nebraska municipal securities. Because of limitations
contained in the state constitution, the State of Nebraska issues no general
obligation bonds secured by the full faith and credit of the state. Several
agencies and instrumentalities of state government are authorized to issue bonds
secured by revenue from specific projects and activities.
Nebraska has
experienced population growth from in-migration largely related to international
migration to Nebraska and from natural increases (births exceeding deaths).
Accompanying population growth, Nebraska’s economic growth has grown at a slow
but steady pace over the past few years. Historically, the state’s economy is
less cyclical than the national economy; as such, we anticipate a natural lag
between a pickup in the national economic activity and a rebound in Nebraska.
Non-farm payroll employment has generally been positive in recent years with the
exception of slightly negative job loss in 2002 and 2003. Nebraska’s economy is
heavily agricultural and changes in the agricultural sector can affect taxes and
other municipal revenues.
Mortgage-Related
Securities. The Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, and the
Balanced Fund may, consistent with their respective investment objectives and
policies, invest in mortgage-related securities (or “MRS”).
Mortgage-related
securities, for purposes of such Funds’ Prospectus and this SAI, represent pools
of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental
agencies such as Ginnie Mae and government related organizations such as Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as by non-governmental issuers such as commercial
banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, and private mortgage
insurance companies. These securities are backed by obligations such as:
conventional 15- or 30-year fixed rate mortgages; adjustable rate mortgages;
non-conforming mortgages; commercial mortgages; or other assets. The mortgages
underlying the securities may also reflect credit quality differences
(e.g., sub-prime mortgages). MRS are pass-through securities – an
interest in a pool or pools of mortgage obligations. The cash flow from the
mortgage obligation is “passed through” to the securities’ holders as periodic
payments of interest, principal, and prepayments (net of service fees). Although
certain MRS are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the
market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. The value
of an MRS may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security
whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the
underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest bearing securities, the
prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates.
However, though the value of an MRS may decline when interest rates rise, the
converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates
the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby
shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time
over which income at the higher rate is received. Conversely, when interest
rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening
the average life of the security and lengthening the period of time over which
income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a
mortgage-related security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a
result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to
predict accurately the security’s return to the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund,
the Income Fund, and the Balanced Fund. In addition, regular payments received
in respect of MRS include both interest and principal. No assurance can be given
as to the return these Funds will receive when these amounts are
reinvested.
These Funds
may also invest in MRS that are collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”).
CMOs are mortgage-backed securities that are collateralized by whole loan
mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. The bonds issued in a CMO
transaction are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as
“tranches”, with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to
a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including
prepayments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment
experience of the collateral. The issuer of a series of CMOs may elect to be
treated as a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit (“REMIC”). REMICs include
governmental and/or private entities that issue a fixed pool of mortgages
secured by an interest in real property. REMICs are similar to CMOs in that they
issue multiple classes of securities, but unlike CMOs which are required to be
structured as debt securities, REMICs may be structured as indirect ownership
interests in the underlying assets of the REMICs themselves. However, there are
no effects on a Fund from investing in CMOs issued by entities that have elected
to be treated as REMICs, and all future
references
to CMOs shall also be deemed to include REMICs. The primary risk of CMOs is the
uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of
prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the
structure of the particular CMO transaction (that is, the priority of the
individual tranches). The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure
and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as
liquid as other securities.
In addition,
privately issued MRS do not have the backing of any U.S. government agency,
instrumentality, or sponsored enterprise. The seller or servicer of the
underlying mortgage obligations generally will make representations and
warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage
loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished to the trustee in
respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or
warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related
certificate-holders in a mortgage loan, the seller or servicer generally will be
obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the
mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its
place a mortgage loan under the agreement’s conditions. Such a repurchase or
substitution obligation may be the sole remedy available to the related
certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such
representation or warranty by the seller or servicer. To provide additional
investor protection, some mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) may have various
types of credit enhancements, reserve funds, subordination provisions or other
features.
The extreme
and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit
markets in 2008-2010 have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Mac’s
and Fannie Mae’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with
securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide
guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September
7, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship
of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). Under the plan of
conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to
direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to
exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders,
directors, and officers, including the power to: (i) take over the assets of and
operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the
directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all
business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (ii) collect all obligations and money
due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (iii) perform all functions of Freddie Mac
and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (iv)
preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and
(v) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action, or
duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by
the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) entered into certain
preferred stock purchase agreements with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae
which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred
stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in
connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and
Fannie Mae.
The
conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to
Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior preferred stock
placed significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
Each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury for
either to: (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay
any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock; (ii) issue
capital stock of any kind; (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA
except in connection with a receivership; or (iv) increase its debt beyond
certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions were placed on
the maximum size of each of Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s respective portfolios
of mortgages and MBS portfolios, and the purchase agreements entered into by
Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of
these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future
status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other
things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae
by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac’s
and Fannie Mae’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred
stock investment made by the Treasury, market responses to developments at
Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and future legislative and regulatory action that
alters the operations, ownership, structure, and/or mission of these
institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows
on, any MBS guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, including any such MBS
held by a Fund.
Certain debt
securities such as MBS, CMOs, asset-backed securities, and securitized loan
receivables, as well as securities subject to prepayment of principal prior to
the stated maturity date, are expected to be repaid prior to their stated
maturity dates. As a result, the effective maturity of these securities is
expected to be shorter than the stated maturity. For purposes of compliance with
stated maturity policies and calculation of a Fund’s weighted average maturity,
the effective maturity of such securities will be used. Depending upon the
prevailing market conditions, these Funds’ Advisers may cause a Fund to purchase
debt securities at a discount from face value, which produces a yield greater
than the coupon rate. Conversely, if debt securities are purchased at a premium
over face value, the yield will be lower than the coupon rate. In making
investment decisions, these Funds’ Advisers will consider many factors other
than current yield, including the preservation of capital, maturity, and yield
to maturity.
Other
Asset-Backed Securities. The Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund,
and the Balanced Fund may also invest in interests in pools of receivables, such
as motor vehicle installment purchase obligations (known as “Certificates of
Automobile Receivables” or “CARs”), credit card receivables (known as
“Certificates of Amortizing Revolving Debts” or “CARDs”) and loan receivables.
Such securities represent undivided fractional ownership interests in the
underlying pools of assets. Such securities may also be debt instruments which
are also known as collateralized obligations and are generally issued as the
debt of a special purpose entity organized solely for the purpose of owning such
assets and issuing such debt.
Such
securities are not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies
or instrumentalities; however, the payment of principal and interest on such
obligations may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time
period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution (such as a bank
or insurance company) unaffiliated with the issuers of such
securities.
Asset-backed
securities (“ABS”) held by the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, or
the Balanced Fund arise through the grouping by governmental,
government-related, and private organizations of loans, receivables, and other
assets originated by various lenders. Interests in pools of these assets differ
from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment
of interest in fixed amounts with principal paid at maturity or specified call
dates. Instead, ABS provide periodic payments which generally consist of both
interest and principal payments.
The
estimated life of an ABS may vary with the prepayment experience of the
underlying debt instruments. The rate of such prepayments, and hence the life of
an ABS, will be a function of current market interest rates and other economic
and demographic factors. Because prepayment experience can vary, ABS may be a
less effective vehicle for locking in high long-term yields.
Generally,
these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the
underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured and the
debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer
credit laws, many of which have given debtors the right to set off certain
amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers
of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the
underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to
another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest
superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. In
addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance
and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the
automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the
obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is a possibility that
recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support
payments on these securities.
Hedging
Instruments. The Income Fund and the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund may,
consistent with their respective investment objectives and policies, invest up
to 15% of their assets in derivatives and other hedging instruments, subject to
certain restrictions relating to futures contracts, and up to 40% of their
assets in treasury futures, as discussed more fully below. See “Futures Contracts and Related
Instruments.” The Small/Mid-Cap Fund and the Small Company Fund may,
consistent with their respective investment objectives and policies, invest in
options.
Options. To the extent indicated above under
“Hedging Instruments,” the Income Fund, the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund,
the Small/Mid Cap Fund, and the Small Company Fund may, consistent with their
respective investment objectives and policies, purchase and sell call and put
options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, in anticipation of the
purchase of securities, or for liquidity management purposes. Options may be
used only for the purpose of reducing investment risk and not for speculative
purposes. The following discusses the types of options that those Funds may use,
together with the risks that may be associated with their use.
About Options on Securities. A call
option is a short-term contract under which the purchaser of the option, in
return for a premium, has the right to buy the security underlying the option at
a specified price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of the
call option, who receives the premium, has the obligation, upon exercise of the
option during the option period, to deliver the underlying security against
payment of the exercise price. A put option is a similar contract that gives its
purchaser, in return for a premium, the right to sell the underlying security at
a specified price during the term of the option. The writer of the put option,
who receives the premium, has the obligation, upon exercise of the option during
the option period, to buy the underlying security at the exercise price. Options
may be based on a security, a securities index, or a currency. Options on
securities are generally settled by delivery of the underlying security whereas
options on a securities index or currency are settled in cash. Options may be
traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter markets.
Options Purchases. Call options on
securities may be purchased in order to fix the cost of a future purchase. In
addition, call options may be used as a means of participating in an anticipated
advance of a security on a more limited risk basis than would be possible if the
security itself were purchased. In the event of a decline in the price of the
underlying security,
use of this
strategy would serve to limit the amount of loss, if any, to the amount of the
option premium paid. Conversely, if the market price of the underlying security
rises and the call is exercised or sold at a profit, that profit will be reduced
by the amount initially paid for the call.
Put options
may be purchased in order to hedge against a decline in market value of a
security held by the purchasing Fund. The put effectively guarantees that the
underlying security can be sold at the predetermined exercise price, even if
that price is greater than the market value at the time of exercise. If the
market price of the underlying security increases, the profit realized on the
eventual sale of the security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put
option. Put options may also be purchased on a security that is not held by the
purchasing Fund in anticipation of a price decline in the underlying security.
In the event the market value of such security declines below the designated
exercise price of the put, the purchasing Fund would then be able to acquire the
underlying security at the market price and exercise its put option, thus
realizing a profit. In order for this strategy to be successful, however, the
market price of the underlying security must decline so that the difference
between the exercise price and the market price is greater than the option
premium paid.
Option Writing. Call options may be
written (sold) by such Funds. Generally, calls will be written only when, in the
opinion of a Fund’s Adviser, the call premium received, plus anticipated
appreciation in the market price of the underlying security up to the exercise
price of the call, will be greater than the appreciation in the price of the
underlying security.
Put options
may also be written. This strategy will generally be used when it is anticipated
that the market value of the underlying security will remain higher than the
exercise price of the put option or when a temporary decrease in the market
value of the underlying security is anticipated and, in the view of a Fund’s
Adviser, it would not be appropriate to acquire the underlying security. If the
market price of the underlying security rises or stays above the exercise price,
it can be expected that the purchaser of the put will not exercise the option
and a profit, in the amount of the premium received for the put, will be
realized by the writer of the put. However, if the market price of the
underlying security declines or stays below the exercise price, the put option
may be exercised and the Fund that sold the put will be obligated to purchase
the underlying security at a price that may be higher than its current market
value. All option writing strategies will be employed only if the option is
“covered.” For this purpose, “covered” means that, so long as the Fund that has
written (sold) the option is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will
(i) own the security underlying the option; or (ii) hold on a share-for-share
basis a call on the same security, the exercise price of which is equal to or
less than the exercise price of the call written. In the case of a put option,
the Fund that has written (sold) the put option will (y) maintain cash or cash
equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than the exercise price; or (z)
hold on a share-for share basis, a put on the same security as the put written
provided that the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the
exercise price of the put written.
Options on Securities Indices. Options
on securities indices may be used in much the same manner as options on
securities. Index options may serve as a hedge against overall fluctuations in
the securities markets or market sectors, rather than anticipated increases or
decreases in the value of a particular security. Thus, the effectiveness of
techniques using stock index options will depend on the extent to which price
movements in the securities index selected correlate with price movements of the
Fund to be hedged. Options on stock indices are settled exclusively in
cash.
Risk Factors Relating to the Use of Options
Strategies. The premium paid or received for an option position will
reflect, among other things, the current market price of the underlying
security, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price, the
historical price volatility of the underlying security, the option period,
supply and demand, and interest rates. Moreover, the successful use of options
as a hedging strategy depends upon the ability to forecast the direction of
market fluctuations in the underlying securities, or in the case of index
options, in the market sector represented by the index selected.
Under normal
circumstances, options traded on one or more of the several recognized options
exchanges may be closed by effecting a “closing purchase transaction”
(i.e., by purchasing an identical option with respect to the underlying
security in the case of an option written and by selling an identical option on
the underlying security in the case of an option purchased). A closing purchase
transaction will effectively cancel an option position, thus permitting profits
to be realized on the position, to prevent an underlying security from being
called from, or put to, the writer of the option or, in the case of a call
option, to permit the sale of the underlying security. A profit or loss may be
realized from a closing purchase transaction, depending on whether the overall
cost of the closing transaction (including the price of the option and actual
transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from the writing of
the option. It should be noted that in the event a loss is incurred in a closing
purchase transaction, that loss may be partially or entirely offset by the
premium received from a simultaneous or subsequent sale of a different call or
put option. Also, because increases in the market price of an option will
generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any
loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction is likely to be offset in
whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security held. Options will
normally have expiration dates between three and nine months from the date
written. The exercise price of the options
may be
below, equal to, or above the current market values of the underlying securities
at the time the options are written. Options that expire unexercised have no
value. Unless an option purchased by a Fund is exercised or a closing purchase
transaction is effected for that position, a loss will be realized in the amount
of the premium paid.
Futures Contracts and Related
Instruments. The Income Fund and the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund may use
futures contracts and options on futures contracts to reduce the risks
associated with the types of securities in which each is authorized to invest
and/or in anticipation of future purchases, subject to the limitations described
below. A Fund may invest in futures-related instruments only for hedging
purposes and not for speculation and only in a manner consistent with its
investment objective and policies.
Rule 4.5
under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) limits the ability of the Funds,
Tributary Capital Management, LLC (“Tributary” or the “Investment Adviser”) and
First National Advisers, LLC (“FNA” or “Sub-Adviser”), the sub-adviser, to rely
on an exclusion from registration as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) if a Fund
utilizes certain instruments, including commodity futures, options on futures,
and certain swap transactions (collectively, “commodity interests”). Under Rule
4.5, a registered investment company can claim exclusion from registration as a
CPO only if the fund uses commodity interests for “bona fide hedging purposes,”
or otherwise limits its use of commodity interests for non-bona fide hedging
purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to
establish non-bona fide hedging positions with respect to commodity interests do
not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio, or (ii) the
aggregate “notional value” of the non-bona fide hedging commodity interests do
not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio (taking into
account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). The
Advisers intend to manage these Funds so that Tributary is not required to
register as a CPO, and therefore these Funds will only be able to utilize
commodity interests for bona fide hedging purposes, or otherwise within the
foregoing limits. Accordingly, the Investment Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser may not
be able to use commodity interests to manage a Fund’s risks in a manner they may
otherwise believe is in a Fund’s best interests, which may adversely affect a
Fund’s total return.
About Futures Contracts and Options on
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a bilateral agreement under
which one party agrees to make, and the other party agrees to accept, delivery
of the specified type of security or currency called for in the contract at a
specified future time and at a specified price. In practice, however, contracts
relating to financial instruments or currencies are closed out through the use
of closing purchase transactions before the settlement date and without delivery
or the underlying security or currency. In the case of futures contracts based
on a securities index, the contract provides for “delivery” of an amount of cash
equal to the dollar amount specified multiplied by the difference between the
value of the underlying index on the settlement date and the price at which the
contract was originally fixed.
Stock Index Futures Contracts. The
Income Fund and the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund may sell stock index futures
contracts in anticipation of a general market or market sector decline that may
adversely affect the market values of securities held. To the extent that
securities held correlate with the index underlying the contract, the sale of
futures contracts on that index could reduce the risk associated with a market
decline. Where a significant market or market sector advance is anticipated, the
purchase of a stock index futures contract may afford a hedge against not
participating in such advance at a time when a Fund is not fully invested. This
strategy would serve as a temporary substitute for the purchase of individual
stocks which may later be purchased in an orderly fashion. Generally, as such
purchases are made, positions in stock index futures contracts representing
equivalent securities would be liquidated.
Futures Contracts on Debt Securities.
Futures contracts on debt securities, often referred to as “interest rate
futures,” obligate the seller to deliver a specific type of debt security called
for in the contract, at a specified future time. A public market now exists for
futures contracts covering a number of debt securities, including long-term U.S.
Treasury bonds, ten-year U.S. Treasury notes, and three-month U.S. Treasury
bills, and additional futures contracts based on other debt securities or
indices of debt securities may be developed in the future. Such contracts may be
used to hedge against changes in the general level of interest rates. For
example, a Fund may purchase such contracts when it wishes to defer a purchase
of a longer-term bond because short-term yields are higher than long-term
yields. Income would thus be earned on a short-term security and minimize the
impact of all or part of an increase in the market price of the long-term debt
security to be purchased in the future. A rise in the price of the long-term
debt security prior to its purchase either would be offset by an increase in the
value of the contract purchased by the Fund or avoided by taking delivery of the
debt securities underlying the futures contract. Conversely, such a contract
might be sold in order to continue to receive the income from a long-term debt
security, while at the same time endeavoring to avoid part or all of any decline
in market value of that security that would occur with an increase in interest
rates. If interest rates did rise, a decline in the value of the debt security
would be substantially offset by an increase in the value of the futures
contract sold.
Options on Futures Contracts.
An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the
premium, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the
option is a call and a short position if the option is a put)
at
a specified
price at any time during the period of the option. The risk of loss associated
with the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium
paid for the option, plus transaction costs. The seller of an option on a
futures contract is obligated to a broker for the payment of initial and
variation margin in amounts that depend on the nature of the underlying futures
contract, the current market value of the option, and other futures positions
held by a Fund. Upon exercise of the option, the option seller must deliver the
underlying futures position to the holder of the option, together with the
accumulated balance in the seller’s futures margin account that represents the
amount by which the market price of the underlying futures contract exceeds, in
the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of
the option involved. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to
the expiration date of the option, settlement will be made entirely in cash
equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the value
at the close of trading on the expiration date.
Risk Considerations Relating to Futures
Contracts and Related Instruments. Participants in the futures markets
are subject to certain risks. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out
only on the exchange on which they were entered into (or through a linked
exchange) - no secondary market exists for such contracts. In addition, there
can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist for the contracts at any
particular time. Most futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of
fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day.
Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be
made that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract
prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with
little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions
and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. In such event, and in
the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would be required to make daily
cash payments of variation margin. In such circumstances, an increase in the
value of that portion of the securities being hedged, if any, may partially or
completely offset losses on the futures contract.
As noted
above, there can be no assurance that price movements in the futures markets
will correlate with the prices of the underlying securities positions. In
particular, there may be an imperfect correlation between movements in the
prices of futures contracts and the market value of the underlying securities
positions being hedged. In addition, the market prices of futures contracts may
be affected by factors other than interest rate changes and, as a result, even a
correct forecast of interest rate trends might not result in a successful
hedging strategy. If participants in the futures market elect to close out their
contracts through offsetting transactions rather than by meeting margin deposit
requirements, distortions in the normal relationship between debt securities and
the futures markets could result. Price distortions could also result if
investors in the futures markets opt to make or take delivery of the underlying
securities rather than engage in closing transactions because such trend might
result in a reduction in the liquidity of the futures market. In addition, an
increase in the participation of speculators in the futures market could cause
temporary price distortions.
The risks
associated with options on futures contracts are similar to those applicable to
all options and are summarized above under the heading “Hedging Instruments:
Risk Factors Relating to the Use of Options Strategies.” In addition, as is the
case with futures contracts, there can be no assurance that (i) there will be a
correlation between price movements in the options and those relating to the
underlying securities; (ii) a liquid market for options held will exist at the
time when a Fund may wish to effect a closing transaction; or (iii) predictions
as to anticipated interest rate or other market trends on behalf of a Fund will
be correct.
Margin and Segregation Requirements
Applicable to Futures-Related Transactions. When a purchase or sale of a
futures contract is made by a Fund, that Fund is required to deposit with its
custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a specified amount of cash or U.S.
government securities (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures
contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be
modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of
a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is
returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual
obligations have been satisfied. The Fund utilizing a futures contract would
expect to earn interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures
contract held by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the
exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called
“variation margin” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract.
This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not
represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between
the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures
contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund values its open
futures positions at market.
When
purchasing a futures contract, a Fund will maintain, either with its custodian
bank or, if permitted, a broker, and will mark-to-market on a daily basis, cash,
U.S. government securities, or other highly liquid securities that, when added
to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal
to the market value of the futures contract. Alternatively, a Fund may “cover”
its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a
strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held by the
Fund. When selling a futures contract, a Fund will similarly
maintain
liquid assets that, when added to the amount deposited with a futures commission
merchant as margin, are equal to the market value of the instruments underlying
the contract. Alternatively, a Fund may “cover” its position by owning the
instruments underlying the contract (or, in the case of an index futures
contract, a Fund with a volatility substantially similar to that of the index on
which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting a
Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price
of the contract written by that Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is
maintained in liquid assets with the Company’s custodian).
When selling
a call option on a futures contract, a Fund will maintain, either with its
custodian bank or, if permitted, a broker, and will mark-to-market on a daily
basis, cash, U.S. government securities, or other highly liquid securities that,
when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as
margin, equal the total market value of the futures contract underlying the call
option. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by entering into a long
position in the same futures contract at a price no higher than the strike price
of the call option, by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract,
or by holding a separate call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same
futures contract at a price not higher than the strike price of the call option
sold by the Fund.
When selling
a put option on a futures contract, a Fund will similarly maintain cash, U.S.
government securities, or other highly liquid securities that equal the purchase
price of the futures contract, less any margin on deposit. Alternatively, the
Fund may cover the position either by entering into a short position in the same
futures contract, or by owning a separate put option permitting it to sell the
same futures contract so long as the strike price of the purchased put option is
the same or higher than the strike price of the put option sold by the
Fund.
Swap Agreements. The Income Fund and
the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund may enter into swap agreements. Swap agreements
are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for
periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap”
transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in
rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or
instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to
be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with
respect to a “notional amount,” that is, the return on or increase in value of a
particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, or in a
“basket” of securities representing a particular index. In the case of a credit
default swap (“CDS”), the contract gives one party (the buyer) the right to
recoup the economic value of a decline in the value of debt securities of the
reference issuer if the credit event (a downgrade or default) occurs. This value
is obtained by delivering a debt security of the reference issuer to the party
in return for a previously agreed payment from the other party (frequently, the
par value of the debt security). A swap option is a contract that gives a
counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap
agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap
agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. These Funds may
write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options.
Certain swap
agreements entered into by these Funds (but generally not CDSs) would calculate
the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently,
a Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement would be equal
only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the
relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net
amount”). A Fund’s current obligations under such a swap agreement will be
accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but
unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the
segregation of liquid assets to avoid any potential leveraging. Obligations
under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities”
for purposes of a Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.
Other swap agreements, such as CDSs, may require initial premium (discount)
payments as well as periodic payments (receipts) related to the interest leg of
the swap or to the default of a reference obligation. A Fund will segregate
assets necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations when it is the buyer of
CDSs. In cases where either Fund is a seller of a CDS, if the CDS is physically
settled, the Fund will be required to segregate the full notional amount of the
CDS.
Because swap
agreements are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater
than seven days, the “net amount” of a swap agreement may be considered to be
illiquid. Moreover, the Funds bear the counterparty risk, i.e., risk of
loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event
of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Funds will
only enter into swap agreements with counterparties that meet the Funds’
standard of creditworthiness (generally, such counterparties would have to be
eligible counterparties under the terms of the Funds’ repurchase agreement
guidelines). Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Code may limit
these Funds’ ability to use swap agreements.
Depending on
the terms of the particular option agreement, a Fund will generally incur a
greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than it will incur when it
purchases a swap option. When a Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing
only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option
expire unexercised. However, when
a Fund
writes a swap option, the Fund will become obligated, upon exercise of the
option, to the terms of the underlying agreement.
The swaps
market has been affected by statutes and regulations under Title VII of the
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”). Both
the CFTC and SEC have materially increased the oversight and regulation of the
swaps market and its participants. There are new registration requirements for
certain swap participants meeting the definition of a “swap dealer” and/or
“major swap participant.” Further, the regulations now permit only “eligible
contract participants” to engage in over-the-counter swap transactions.
Additionally, recordkeeping, reporting, clearing and execution requirements are
now imposed on all parties to any swap transaction, with certain exemptions.
Continued regulatory developments in the swaps market could adversely affect a
Fund’s ability to participate in swap transactions.
As noted
above, a Fund may enter into CDSs for investment purposes. If a Fund is a seller
of a CDS contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed
upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of
a default or other credit event by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or
foreign corporate issuer, with respect to debt obligations. In return, a Fund
would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term
of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default
occurs, a Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment
obligations. As the seller, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on
the notional amount of the swap.
If a Fund is
a buyer of a CDS contract, the Fund would have the right to deliver a referenced
debt obligation and receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of such debt
obligation from the counterparty in the event of a default or other credit event
(such as a credit downgrade) by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or foreign
corporation, with respect to its debt obligations. In return, the Fund would pay
the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract
provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the
counterparty would keep the stream of payments and would have no further
obligations to the Fund. If a Fund is a seller of a CDS contract, the Fund would
be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt
obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such
as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the
Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the
term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no
default occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no
payment obligations. As the seller, the Fund would be subject to investment
exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
These Funds
may enter into interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps, in their most basic
form, involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective
commitments to pay or receive interest. For example, a Fund might exchange its
right to receive certain floating rate payments in exchange for another party’s
right to receive fixed rate payments. Interest rate swaps can take a variety of
other forms, such as agreements to pay the net differences between two different
interest indexes or rates, even if the parties do not own the underlying
instruments. Despite their differences in form, the function of interest rate
swaps is generally the same: to increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to
fluctuations in long-or short-term interest rates. For example, a Fund may enter
into a swap transaction to preserve a return or spread on a particular
investment or a portion of its Fund or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.
The use of
CDSs and interest rate swaps, like all swap agreements, is subject to certain
risks. If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the swap
would likely decline. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a Fund could
eliminate its exposure under an outstanding swap agreement by entering into an
offsetting swap agreement with the same or another party.
These Funds
may enter into total return swaps. Total return swaps are used either as
substitutes for owning the physical securities that comprise a given market
index or as a means of obtaining non-leveraged exposure in markets where no
physical securities are available, such as an interest rate index. Total return
refers to the payment (or receipt) of an index’s total return, which is then
exchanged for the receipt (or payment) of a floating interest rate. Total return
swaps provide a Fund with the additional flexibility of gaining exposure to a
market or sector index by using the most cost-effective vehicle
available.
These Funds
may enter into equity swaps. In an equity swap, payments on one or both sides
are linked to the performance of equities or an equity index. Equity swaps are
normally used to (i) initiate and maintain long or short equity exposures either
in an index or a specific stock Fund; (ii) temporarily eliminate exposure to an
equity Fund without disturbing the underlying equity position; or (iii)
increase, reduce, or eliminate market exposure to a single issue or a narrow
stock Fund or obtain greater diversification for a limited period of time
without disturbing an underlying position.
The Funds
bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap
agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement
counterparty. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies
pursuant to the swap agreements, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy
and insolvency laws which could affect a Fund’s right as a creditor.
The swap
market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and
investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing
standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has at times been
a relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments
which are traded in the OTC market. For purposes of applying these Funds’
investment policies and restrictions (as stated in the Prospectus and this SAI),
swap agreements are generally valued by the Funds at market value. The manner in
which certain securities or other instruments are valued by the Funds for
purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the
manner in which those investments are valued by other types of
investors.
Securities
of Other Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in securities issued by
other investment companies as permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended (the “1940 Act”). As a shareholder of another investment company, a
Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of that
company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition
to the advisory and other expenses that such Fund bears directly in connection
with its own operations. Investment companies in which a Fund may invest may
also impose a sales or distribution charge in connection with the purchase or
redemption of their shares and other types of commissions or charges. Such
charges will be payable by that Fund and, therefore, will be borne directly by
shareholders.
Income
Participation Loans. The Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, and
the Balanced Fund may make or acquire participations in privately-negotiated
loans to borrowers. Frequently, such loans have variable interest rates and may
be backed by a bank letter of credit; in other cases they may be unsecured. Such
transactions may provide an opportunity to achieve higher yields than those that
may be available from other securities offered and sold to the general
public.
Privately
arranged loans, however, will generally not be rated by a credit rating agency
and will normally be liquid, if at all, only through a provision requiring
repayment following demand by the lender. Such loans made by the
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, and the Balanced Fund may have a
demand provision permitting such Fund to require repayment within seven days.
Participation in such loans, however, may not have such a demand provision and
may not be otherwise marketable. To the extent these securities are not readily
marketable, they will be subject to a Fund’s 5% limitation on investments in
illiquid securities. Recovery of an investment in any such loan that is illiquid
and payable on demand will depend on the ability of the borrower to meet an
obligation for full repayment of principal and payment of accrued interest
within the demand period, normally seven days or less (unless such Fund
determines that a particular loan issue, unlike most such loans, has a readily
available market). As it deems appropriate, the Company’s Board of Directors
(the “Board”) will establish procedures to monitor the credit standing of each
such borrower, including its ability to honor contractual payment
obligations.
The
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, and the Balanced Fund will
purchase income participation loans only if such instruments are, in the opinion
of the acquiring Fund’s Adviser, of comparable quality to debt securities rated
Baa or better by Moody’s or the equivalent rating or better by an NRSRO, or if
unrated, considered by a Fund’s Adviser to be of comparable quality. None of
these Funds will invest more than 20% of its assets in such
securities.
Other
Loans. In order to generate additional income, each Fund may, from time to
time, lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers, banks, or institutional
borrowers of securities. A Fund must receive 100% collateral in the form of cash
or U.S. government securities. This collateral will be valued daily by the
lending Fund’s Adviser. Should the market value of the loaned securities
increase, the borrower must furnish additional collateral to that Fund. During
the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays that Fund any
dividends or interest received on such securities. Loans are subject to
termination by such Fund or the borrower at any time. While a Fund does not have
the right to vote securities on loan, each Fund intends to terminate the loan
and regain the right to vote if that is considered important with respect to the
investment (see the Funds’ Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures contained in
Appendix B to this SAI). In the event the borrower would default in its
obligations, such Fund bears the risk of delay in recovery of the portfolio
securities and the loss of rights in the collateral. A Fund will enter into loan
agreements only with broker-dealers, banks or other institutions that the Fund’s
Adviser has determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the
Board.
Repurchase
Agreements. Securities held by each of the Funds may be subject to
repurchase agreements. Under the terms of a repurchase agreement, a Fund would
acquire securities from member banks of the FDIC and/or registered
broker-dealers which the applicable Fund’s Adviser deems credit-worthy under
guidelines approved by the Board, subject to the
seller’s
agreement to repurchase such securities at a mutually agreed-upon date and
price. The repurchase price would generally equal the price paid by a Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates, which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio securities. Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be of the same type and quality as those in which
such Fund may invest directly. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be
required to continually maintain the value of collateral held pursuant to the
agreement at not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest)
plus the transaction costs, including loss of interest, that such Fund
reasonably could expect to incur if the seller defaults. This requirement will
be continually monitored by the Advisers of the Funds which are parties to these
agreements, and if the seller were to default on its repurchase obligation or
become insolvent, a Fund holding such obligation would suffer a loss to the
extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying portfolio securities were
less than the repurchase price under the agreement, or to the extent that the
disposition of such securities by such Fund were delayed pending court action.
Additionally, there is no controlling legal precedent confirming that a Fund
would be entitled, as against a claim by such seller or its receiver or trustee
in bankruptcy, to retain the underlying securities, although the Board believes
that, under the regular procedures normally in effect for custody of a Fund’s
securities subject to repurchase agreements and under federal laws, a court of
competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of the Company if presented with the
question. Securities subject to repurchase agreements will be held by that
Fund’s custodian or another qualified custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury book entry system. Repurchase agreements are considered to be
loans by a Fund under the 1940 Act.
Reverse
Repurchase Agreements. Each of the Funds may borrow funds for temporary
purposes by entering into reverse repurchase agreements in accordance with that
Fund’s investment restrictions. Under these agreements, a Fund sells portfolio
securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and
agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed-upon date and price.
Each Fund intends to enter into reverse repurchase agreements only to avoid
otherwise selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet
redemptions. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it
will place in a segregated custodial account assets such as U.S. government
securities or other liquid, high grade debt securities consistent with such
Fund’s investment restrictions having a value equal to the repurchase price
(including accrued interest), and that Fund’s Adviser will subsequently
continually monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is
maintained at all times. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the
market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at
which a Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities and that the buyer may
default on its obligation to sell such securities back to a Fund. Reverse
repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by a Fund under the 1940
Act.
Except as
otherwise disclosed to the shareholders (“Shareholders”) of a Fund, the Company
will not execute portfolio transactions through, acquire portfolio securities
issued by, make savings deposits in, or enter into repurchase or reverse
repurchase agreements with the Advisers, the Company’s Co-Administrators, or
their affiliates, and will not give preference to the Advisers’ correspondents
with respect to such transactions, securities, savings deposits, repurchase
agreements, and reverse repurchase agreements.
Illiquid
Securities. Each Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in illiquid
securities (i.e., securities that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be
sold or disposed of in current market conditions seven calendar days or less
without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the
security (“Illiquid Securities”)). The Funds have adopted and implemented a
written liquidity risk management program in accordance with Rule 22e-4 under
the 1940 Act. As part of that program, a Liquidity Risk Administrator, which
includes personnel from Tributary and FNA, is responsible for identifying
illiquid securities and reporting to the Funds’ Board of Directors, in
accordance with Rule 22e-4.
Certain
securities (“restricted securities”) exempt from registration or issued in
transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “Securities Act”) (securities that may be resold pursuant to Rule
144A or Regulation S under the Securities Act), may be considered liquid. The
Board has delegated to the Advisers the day-to-day determination of the
liquidity of a security, although it has retained oversight and ultimate
responsibility for such determinations. Although no definite quality criteria
are used, the Board has directed the Advisers to consider such factors as (i)
the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional private or
international resale market), (ii) the terms of the securities or other
instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof
(e.g., certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments), (iii) the
availability of market quotations (e.g., for securities quoted in the
PORTAL Market), and (iv) other permissible relevant factors. Certain securities,
such as repurchase obligations maturing in more than seven days, are currently
considered illiquid.
Restricted
securities may be sold only in privately negotiated or other exempt
transactions, qualified non-U.S. transactions, such as under Regulation S, or in
a public offering for which a registration statement is in effect under the
Securities Act. Where registration is required, a Fund may be obligated to pay
all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable time may elapse
between the decision to sell and the sale date. If, during such period, adverse
market
conditions
were to develop, that Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed
when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as
determined in good faith by the Board. If, through the appreciation of Illiquid
Securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, a Fund is in a position
where more than 5% of the value of its net assets is invested in illiquid
assets, including restricted securities which are not readily marketable, that
Fund will take such steps as its Adviser deems advisable, if any, to reduce the
percentage of such securities to 5% or less of the value of its net
assets.
Temporary
Defensive Positions. During temporary defensive periods as determined by the
Advisers, as appropriate, each Fund may hold up to 100% of its total assets in
high-quality short-term obligations including domestic bank certificates of
deposit, bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements secured by bank
instruments, Treasury securities, government issued securities, and money market
securities. To the extent that a Fund invests in these obligations, such Fund
may not achieve its investment objective.
Over-the-Counter
Market. The Balanced Fund, the Small/Mid Cap Fund and the Small Company Fund
may each invest in common stocks, some of which will be traded in the
over-the-counter market. In contrast to the securities exchanges, the
over-the-counter market is not a centralized facility which limits trading
activity to securities of companies which initially satisfy specified standards.
Any security can be traded in the over-the-counter market as long as a
broker-dealer is willing to make a market in the security. Because there are no
minimum requirements for a company’s assets or earnings or the number of its
stockholders in order for its stock to be traded over-the-counter, there is
great diversity in the size and profitability of companies whose stocks trade in
this market, ranging from relatively small little-known companies to
well-established corporations. When a Fund disposes of such a stock, it may have
to offer the shares at a discount from recent prices or sell the shares in small
lots over an extended period of time.
Small and
Medium Capitalization Companies. As described in the prospectus, certain
Funds may invest in securities issued by companies with relatively smaller or
medium capitalizations. Securities issued by companies with relatively smaller
or medium market capitalizations in general present greater risks than
securities issued by companies with larger market capitalization and may be
subject to large, abrupt, or erratic fluctuations in price due, in part, to such
factors as the issuer’s dependence upon key personnel, the lack of internal
resources, the inability to obtain funds from external sources, and dependence
on a new product or service for which there is no firmly established market. An
emphasis on smaller and medium-capitalization companies may result in even
greater risk than is inherent in other equity investment alternatives. These
Funds will likely have somewhat greater volatility than the stock market
generally, as measured by the S&P 500 Index.
Investment
Restrictions
Fundamental
Restrictions
Each Fund’s
investment objective is a fundamental policy and may not be changed without a
vote of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding Shares. In
addition, the following investment restrictions may be changed with respect to a
particular Fund only by a vote of the majority of the outstanding Shares of that
Fund (as defined under “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION – Vote of a Majority of the
Outstanding Shares”).
Each Fund,
except the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund, will not purchase securities of any one
issuer, other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or
its agencies or instrumentalities, if, immediately after such purchase: (i) more
than 5% of the value of such Fund’s total assets would be invested in such
issuer; or (ii) such Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of such issuer, except that up to 25% of the value of a Fund’s total
assets may be invested without regard to such limitations. There is no limit to
the percentage of assets that may be invested in U.S. Treasury bills, notes, or
other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities.
None of the
Funds will:
|
1. |
Purchase
any securities which would cause more than 25% of the value of a Fund’s
total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in securities of one
or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same
industry provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to
obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities and repurchase agreements secured by obligations of the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) wholly owned
finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their
parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the
activities of their parents; and |
(iii)
utilities will be divided according to their services i.e. gas, gas
transmission electric and telephone will each be considered a separate
industry;
|
2. |
Borrow
money or issue senior securities, except that each Fund may borrow from
banks or enter into reverse repurchase agreements for temporary purposes
in amounts up to 10% of the value of its total assets at the time of such
borrowing; or mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets, except in
connection with any such borrowing and in amounts not in excess of the
lesser of the dollar amounts borrowed or 10% of the value of such Fund’s
total assets at the time of its borrowing. A Fund will not purchase
securities while its borrowings (including reverse repurchase agreements)
exceed 5% of its total assets; and |
|
3. |
Make
loans, except that each Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments and
lend portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and
policies, and may enter into repurchase agreements as described
above. |
The
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund, the
Balanced Fund, the Small/Mid Cap Fund, and the Small Company Fund will
not:
|
1. |
Purchase
securities on margin, except for use of short-term credit necessary for
clearance of purchases of portfolio securities; |
|
2. |
Engage
in any short sales; |
|
3. |
Underwrite
the securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that a Fund
may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain securities laws in the
disposition of restricted securities; |
|
4. |
Purchase
or sell commodities or commodities contracts, unless and until disclosed
in the current Prospectus of such Fund; and |
|
5. |
Purchase
or sell real estate (although investments in marketable securities of
companies engaged in such activities are not prohibited by this
restriction). |
Non-Fundamental
Restrictions
The
following additional investment restrictions may be changed by the Board without
the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of a Fund:
No Fund
may:
|
1. |
Purchase
or otherwise acquire any securities if, as a result, more than 5% of that
Fund’s net assets would be invested in Illiquid Securities;
and |
|
2. |
Purchase
securities of other investment companies except (i) as permitted by the
1940 Act and the rules, regulations, and orders adopted thereunder, or
(ii) in connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition, or
reorganization. |
The
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, the Balanced Fund, the Small/Mid
Cap Fund and the Small Company Fund may not purchase participations or direct
interests in oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs
(although investments by such Funds in marketable securities of companies
engaged in such activities are not prohibited in this restriction).
The Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund may not:
|
1. |
Purchase
or otherwise acquire any securities if, as a result, more than 5% of that
Fund’s net assets would be invested in Illiquid
Securities. |
|
2. |
Purchase
securities of other investment companies except (i) as permitted by the
1940 Act and the rules, regulations, and orders adopted thereunder, or
(ii) in connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition, or
reorganization. |
|
3. |
Buy
common stocks or voting securities. |
|
4. |
Purchase
participations or direct interests in oil, gas or other mineral
exploration or development programs (although investments by such Funds in
marketable securities of companies engaged in such activities are not
prohibited in this restriction). |
The Adviser
has claimed an exemption from registration with the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (“CFTC”) as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange
Act (“CEA”). The Funds are exempt from the definition of a commodity pool under
Rule 4.5 of the CEA.
Special
Non-Fundamental Diversification and Concentration Policies of the Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund
The Fund is
a non-diversified Fund under the 1940 Act. This means that more than 5% of the
Fund’s assets may be invested in the obligations of any issuer. The Fund,
however, intends to comply with Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (the
“Code”) that limits the aggregate value of all holdings (except U.S. Government
and cash items, as defined in the Code) that exceed 5% of the Fund’s total
assets to an aggregate amount of 50% of such assets. Also, holdings of a single
issuer (with the same exceptions) may not exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets,
nor may the Fund invest more than 25% of its assets in securities backed by
assets or revenues of the same or related projects. These limits are measured at
the end of each quarter. Under the Subchapter M limits, up to 50% of the Fund’s
total assets may be invested in as few as two single issuers. In the event of
decline of creditworthiness or default upon the obligations of one or more such
issuers exceeding 5%, an investment in the Fund will entail greater risk than in
a portfolio having a policy of “diversification” because a high percentage of
the Fund’s assets may be invested in municipal obligations of one or two
issuers. Furthermore, a high percentage of investments among few issuers may
result in a greater degree of fluctuation in the market value of the assets of
the Fund and consequently a greater degree of fluctuation of the Fund’s net
asset value, because the Fund will be more susceptible to economic, political,
or regulatory developments affecting these securities than would be the case
with a portfolio composed of varied obligations of more issuers.
In addition,
because of the relatively small number of issuers of municipal securities in
Nebraska, the Fund is more likely to invest a higher percentage of its assets in
the securities of a single issuer than an investment company which invests in a
broad range of tax-exempt securities. This practice involves an increased risk
of loss to the Fund if the issuer is unable to make interest or principal
payments or if the market value of such securities declines.
The Fund
will not invest more that 25% of its total assets in any industry. However,
municipal securities backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental
users will for this purpose be deemed to be issued by such non-governmental
users, in which case the 25% limitation would apply to such obligations.
Accordingly, no more than 25% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in
obligations deemed to be issued by non-governmental users in any one
industry.
Portfolio
Turnover
The
portfolio turnover rate for each of the Funds is calculated by dividing the
lesser of a Fund’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the year by
the monthly average value of the portfolio securities. The U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) requires that the calculation exclude all
securities whose remaining maturities at the time of acquisition were one year
or less. The portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year as well
as within a particular year, and may also be affected by cash requirements for
redemptions of Shares. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor in
making investment decisions.
Minimum
Requirement of Rule 35d-1
Certain of
the Funds, as noted in the Prospectus, have adopted non-fundamental operating
policies that require at least 80% of the Fund’s assets (net assets plus the
amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) be invested, under normal
circumstances, in securities of the type connoted by the name of the Fund.
Although these 80% or greater requirements are non-fundamental operating
policies that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval, the
Board has adopted a policy requiring not less than 60 days’ written notice be
provided to shareholders, in the manner required by Rule 35d-1 under the 1940
Act, before the effective date of any change in such a policy by a Fund that was
adopted under the requirements of Rule 35d-1.
NET ASSET
VALUE
As indicated
in the Prospectus, the net asset value (“NAV”) of each Fund is determined and
the Shares of each Fund are priced each business day at the regularly-scheduled
close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (typically 4 p.m.
Eastern Time), or as of the close of the business day, whichever time is
earlier. Currently, the following holidays are observed by the Funds: New Year’s
Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Each Fund
calculates its NAV as follows:
NAV= (value of Fund assets) — (Fund
liabilities)
Number of
outstanding Shares
Securities
that are listed or traded on a stock exchange or the NASDAQ or National Market
System (“NMS”) are valued at the closing price, if available, on the exchange or
market where the security is principally traded (including the NASDAQ Official
Closing Price for the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) traded
securities). Where quotations are not readily available or are deemed
unreliable, the Funds’ investments are valued at fair value as determined by
management in good faith using methods approved by the Board. Debt securities
are valued at prices furnished by a pricing service approved by the Board
subject to review and determination of the appropriate price by the Company,
whenever a furnished price is significantly different from the previous day’s
furnished price. In making such valuations, the pricing service utilizes
dealer-supplied valuations which take into account appropriate factors such as
institutional-size trading in similar groups of securities, yield, quality,
coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics, and other market
data, without exclusive reliance upon quoted prices or exchange or
over-the-counter prices, because such valuations are believed to more accurately
reflect the fair value of such securities. Short-term obligations may be valued
at amortized cost, which constitutes fair value as determined by the Board.
Futures contracts are normally valued at the settlement price on the exchange on
which they are traded. Fund securities (other than short-term obligations) for
which there are no such valuations are valued at fair value as determined in
good faith under the direction of the Board.
Generally,
trading in foreign securities, as well as U.S. government securities and certain
cash equivalents and repurchase agreements, is substantially completed each day
at various times prior to the close of the NYSE. The values of such securities
used in computing the net asset value of the Funds’ Shares are determined as of
such times. Prices of foreign securities denominated in foreign currency will be
converted into U.S. dollar equivalents using the daily rate of exchange at the
time of NAV calculation. Occasionally, events affecting the value of securities
may occur between the times at which they are determined and at the close of the
NYSE, which will not be reflected in the computation of NAV. If during such
periods, events occur which materially affect the value of such securities, the
securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined by management
in good faith using methods approved by the Board.
For purposes
of determining the NAV per Share of each Fund, all assets and liabilities
initially expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollars
using the latest foreign exchange bid quotation (from an approved pricing
vendor) as of the time of the NAV calculation.
A Fund’s NAV
per Share will be calculated separately from the per Share NAV of the other
Funds. “Assets belonging to” a Fund consist of the consideration received upon
the issuance of Shares of the particular Fund together with all net investment
income, earnings, profits, realized gains/losses, and proceeds derived from the
investment thereof, including any proceeds from the sale of such investments,
any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, and a
portion of any general assets of the Company not belonging to a particular Fund.
Each Fund is charged with the direct liabilities of that Fund and with a share
of the general liabilities of all of the Company’s Funds.
ADDITIONAL
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE INFORMATION
Purchases.
Shares of the Funds are sold on a continuous basis by the Funds’
distributor, Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), and the
Shares may be purchased either directly from the Funds or through banks,
financial intermediaries, or certain other institutions. Investors purchasing
Shares may include officers, Directors, or employees of the Advisers or their
correspondent or affiliated banks.
Customers of
First National Bank of Omaha (“First National”) or its correspondent or
affiliated banks (collectively, the “Banks”) may purchase Shares in connection
with the requirements of their qualified accounts maintained at the
Banks.
Shares
purchased through the Banks acting in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial, or other
similar capacity on behalf of customers will normally be held of record by the
Banks. With respect to Shares sold, it is the responsibility of the particular
Bank to transmit purchase or redemption orders to the Company and to deliver
federal funds for purchase on a timely basis. Beneficial ownership of Shares
will be recorded by the Banks and reflected in the account statements provided
by the Banks to their customers. A Bank will exercise voting authority for those
Shares for which it is granted authority by the customer.
The Banks,
financial intermediaries, and other institutions may impose particular customer
account requirements in connection with investments in the Funds, such as
minimum account size or minimum account thresholds above which excess cash
balances may be invested in Fund Shares. In addition, depending on the terms of
the particular account used to purchase Fund Shares, the Banks, financial
intermediaries, or other institutions may impose charges against the account.
These charges could include asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees,
sweep fees, compensatory balance requirements, transaction charges or other
charges based upon account transactions, assets or income. The charges
will
reduce the
net return on an investment in a Fund. Investors should contact their
institutions with respect to these fees and the particular institution’s
procedures for purchasing or redeeming Shares. The Prospectus and this SAI
should be read in conjunction with any such information received from the Banks,
financial intermediaries, or the institutions.
Exchanges.
If Shares are purchased through a Bank or other institution, the Shares may
be exchanged only in accordance with that account’s instructions and
procedures.
Redemptions.
If a customer has agreed with a Bank to maintain a minimum balance in his or
her account with the Bank, and the balance in that account falls below that
minimum, the customer may be obligated to redeem, or the Bank may redeem on
behalf of the customer, all or part of the customer’s Shares of a Fund to the
extent necessary to maintain the required minimum balance. The minimum balance
required by any such Bank or other institution may be higher than the minimum
required by the Company.
The
Company’s transfer agent, DST Systems, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”), reserves the
right to reject any signature guarantee if: (i) it has reason to believe that
the signature is not genuine; (ii) it has reason to believe that the transaction
would otherwise be improper; or (iii) the guarantor institution is a broker or
dealer that is neither a member of a clearing corporation nor maintains net
capital of at least $100,000.
The Funds
may involuntarily redeem Shares held in certain financial intermediary accounts
upon notice to shareholders if the Company or a financial intermediary
determines to terminate a shareholder servicing agreement with the financial
intermediary with respect to a Fund or a particular Share class.
The Company
may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for Fund
Shares during any period when (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted by
applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, (ii) the NYSE is closed for other
than customary weekend and holiday closings, (iii) the SEC has by order
permitted such suspension, or (iv) an emergency exists as a result of which (a)
disposal by the Company of securities owned by it is not reasonably practical,
or (b) it is not reasonably practical for the Company to determine the fair
value of the Funds’ net assets.
If you
choose to receive distributions in cash: If any distribution checks (1) are
returned as “undeliverable” or (2) have not been negotiated before your next
regularly scheduled distribution or within six months from the date of issuance,
whichever is earlier, your account will be changed automatically so that all
subsequent distributions are reinvested in shares in your account at the per
share NAV determined as of the date of the payment. Redemption and fund
distribution checks that have not been negotiated within the timeframes noted
above will be canceled, and the money will be reinvested in shares in the
appropriate Fund at the current day per share NAV. Notices to “unresponsive
payees” will be sent in accordance to SEC rules and
regulations.
MANAGEMENT
OF THE COMPANY
Directors
and Officers
Overall
responsibility for management of the Company rests with its Board, which is
elected by the Shareholders of the Company. The Company is managed by the Board
in accordance with the laws of Nebraska governing corporations. The Board of
Directors oversees all of the Funds. The Directors serve until their respective
successors have been elected and qualified or until their earlier death,
resignation, or removal. The Directors elect the officers of the Company to
supervise actively its day-to-day operations. Information about the Company’s
Directors and officers follows:
Name,
Address, and
Age |
Position(s)
Held
with
the
Company |
Term
of
Office
and
Length
of
Time
Served |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During
Past 5
Years |
Number
of
Portfolios
in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Director |
Other
Directorships
Held
by
Director
During
Past 5
Years |
Independent
Directors |
|
Robert
A. Reed
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
82 |
Director;
Corporate
Governance and Nominations Committee Chair |
Indefinite;
Since
1994 |
Chairman
of the Board, Physicians Mutual Insurance Company and Physicians Mutual
Life Insurance Company (since 2015). |
6 |
None |
Gary
D. Parker
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
77 |
Director:
Audit
Committee
Chair |
Indefinite;
Since
2005 |
Retired
since 2000. |
6 |
None |
David
F. Larrabee
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
62 |
Lead
Independent Director |
Indefinite;
Since
2016 |
Retired
since 2012. |
6 |
None |
Donna
M. Walsh
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
59 |
Director
|
Indefinite;
Since
2018
|
Partner,
InterAlpen Partners (since 2022); Industry Adviser, Panorama Point
Partners (2017-2021). |
6 |
None |
Interested
Directors* |
|
Stephen
C. Wade
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
57 |
Director,
Chairman of the Board and President |
Indefinite;
Since
2016 |
Senior
Vice President - Investment Services, First National Bank of Omaha
(December 2013 to present). |
6 |
Director,
First National Capital Markets, Inc. |
Brittany
A. Fahrenkrog
1620
Dodge Street
Omaha,
NE 68197
Age:
44 |
Director
and Senior Vice President |
Indefinite;
Since
2016 |
Director,
Client Services, Tributary Capital Management, LLC (since May
2010). |
6 |
None. |
|
* |
As
defined in the 1940 Act, Mr. Wade is an “interested” Director because he
is an officer of First National Bank of Omaha, the parent of the Funds’
investment adviser, and an owner of securities issued by First National of
Nebraska, Inc, and Ms. Fahrenkrog is an “interested” Director because she
is an employee of Tributary Capital Management LLC, the Funds’ investment
adviser, and an officer of First National Bank of
Omaha. |
The
following are the experiences, qualifications, and skills of each of the
Directors which led to the conclusion that they should serve as
such.
Robert A.
Reed. Until 2014, Mr. Reed served as President and Chief Executive Officer
of Physicians Mutual Insurance Company and Physicians Life Insurance Company and
currently serves as Chairman of the Board. In his capacity as CEO, Mr. Reed
supervised the investment and financial functions of the two insurance
companies. Mr. Reed’s extensive management experience, particularly his
oversight responsibility with respect to regulatory matters, in these areas
qualifies him to oversee the Company (including its relationship with its
Advisers) and to serve as an Independent Director on the Board and Chair of the
Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee.
Gary D.
Parker. Until his retirement in 2000, Mr. Parker served for a number of
years as Chairman, President, and CEO of Lindsay Corporation, a leading
manufacturer of center pivot and lateral move irrigation systems, which is
listed on the NYSE. In his capacity as Chairman and CEO of a public company, Mr.
Parker supervised business and financial matters of that company as a board
member and executive responsible to public investors. Mr. Parker’s breadth of
managerial and executive leadership in public company corporate governance and
public financial reporting are experiences directly applicable to Mr. Parker’s
service as an Independent Director on the Board and Chair of the Audit
Committee.
David F.
Larrabee. Until his retirement in 2012, Mr. Larrabee served in executive
management positions in the mutual fund industry as President and CEO of
American Century Investment Services, Inc. and as Senior Vice President of
American Century Investments, Inc. In these capacities, Mr. Larrabee developed
significant experience in mutual fund operations, including product development
and distribution. Mr. Larrabee’s more than 30 years’ experience in the financial
services industry also includes positions with State Street Bank and Trust
Company and UMB Bank, which included experience with daily fund operations such
as custody and cash management. Mr. Larrabee’s overall managerial experience in
the mutual fund industry qualifies him to serve as the Lead Independent Director
of the Company’s Board.
Donna M.
Walsh. Ms. Walsh has served most recently in executive management positions
with private equity firms Panorama Point Partners and Tenaska Capital Management
and as a Co-founder and Managing Director of a private equity fund, Odin
Capital. Ms. Walsh also served as Vice President of First Data Corporation. With
more than 30 years’ experience in the financial services industry, Ms. Walsh
also brings significant experience in analysis and preparation of pro forma
financial statements in assessing portfolio companies, and has served on the
audit committee of a public company. Ms. Walsh’s managerial experience in the
financial services industry qualifies her to serve on the Board as an
Independent Director.
Stephen
C. Wade. Mr. Wade’s service as Senior Vice President – Investment Services
of First National Bank of Omaha, as well as experience in other managerial roles
with First National Bank of Omaha and as Chief Financial Officer of Castle Bank
over a more than 20 year career in financial services brings relevant managerial
experience in the financial services industry to the Company’s Board, and
qualifies him to serve as a member of the Company’s Board.
Brittany
A. Fahrenkrog. Ms. Fahrenkrog is qualified to serve as a member of the
Company’s Board based on her experience as Tributary Capital Management’s
Director of Client Services, where she acts as a key liaison between the Funds’
Board of Directors and the Adviser and assists in new product development and
strategic planning. In addition, Ms. Fahrenkrog began working on the Tributary
Funds in 2005 and since that time has served as the principal administrator
within Tributary Capital Management, LLC overseeing board-directed initiatives,
service providers, expense management and continues this role as Senior Vice
President of the Funds. Ms. Fahrenkrog joined Tributary Capital Management’s
predecessor, First Investment Group in 2002 as a Marketing
Specialist.
Other
Executive Officers
Name,
Address,
and
Age
of
Executive Officers |
Position(s)
Held
with
Registrant |
Term
of Office and
Length
of Time
Served |
Principal
Occupation(s)
During
Past 5 Years |
Karen
Shaw
Three
Canal Plaza
Suite
600
Portland,
ME 04101
Age:
50 |
Treasurer;
Principal Financial Officer |
Indefinite;
Since August 2015. |
Senior
Vice President, Apex Fund Services (2019-present); Senior Vice President,
Atlantic Fund Services 2008-2019. |
Rodney
L. Ruehle
690
Taylor Road,
Suite
210
Columbus,
OH 43230
Age:
54 |
Chief
Compliance and Anti-Money Laundering Officer |
Indefinite;
Since December 2009. |
Director,
Foreside Management Services, LLC (2008 - present); Chief Compliance
Officer of Praxis Mutual Funds (May 2015 to present);Chief Compliance
Officer, Absolute Shares Trust (November 2017 to present); Chief
Compliance Officer of Horizons ETF Trust (December 2016 to February 2019);
Chief Compliance Officer of Context Capital Funds (November 2015 – March
2018); Chief Compliance Officer of Asset Management Fund (November 2009 –
April 2016); Chief Compliance Officer of Advisers Investment Trust (July
2011 – December 2016 and March 2019 to present). |
Zachary
Tackett
Three
Canal Plaza
Suite
600
Portland,
ME 04101
Age:
34 |
Secretary |
Indefinite;
Since
November
2019. |
Senior
Counsel, Apex Fund Services since 2019; Counsel, Atlantic Fund Services
(2014-2019). |
Board
Structure
The Board
has six directors, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the
1940 Act) (the “Independent Directors”) of the Funds, the Funds’ investment
adviser or sub-adviser, or the Funds’ various service providers. Accordingly,
the Company’s Board continues to consist of two-thirds Independent
Directors.
Because of
the Funds’ long-standing affiliation with First National of Nebraska, Inc.
(“FNNI”) (the parent of Tributary Capital Management, LLC’s immediate corporate
parent, First National Bank of Omaha) and its related entities, the Funds have
always had at least one director who is affiliated with FNNI or its related
entities, an arrangement which is quite common in the fund industry. Presently,
two directors, Mr. Wade and Ms. Fahrenkrog, meet the definition of “interested”
under the 1940 Act. Mr. Wade is an interested director because of his
affiliation with First National Bank of Omaha, and as an owner of securities
issued by FNNI, and Ms. Fahrenkrog is an interested director because of her
affiliation with First National Bank of Omaha and her employment with Tributary
Capital Management, LLC. Mr. Wade currently serves as the Company’s Chairman of
the Board and President. A two-thirds majority of Independent Directors will
continue to provide an appropriate level of oversight of conflicts of interest
among the Funds’ investment adviser, subadviser and the Funds when considering
the terms of any advisory contracts, as well as nominating directors to serve on
the Board in the future, while allowing for a continued liaison with FNNI and
Fund management to benefit shareholders through exposure to management’s
resources for the Funds.
The Board
has appointed David F. Larrabee as lead Independent Director. The Board has
designated a lead Independent Director to serve as the primary liaison between
the Independent Directors and the Adviser. All committee matters which should be
decided by Independent Directors currently are determined by the four
Independent Directors functioning as a committee, or as the only Independent
Directors, as applicable.
The Board
has formed two committees, the Audit Committee and the Corporate Governance and
Nominations Committee, which are generally charged with determining the
Company’s most important corporate governance matters, such as reviewing the
Funds’ reported financial information and nominating new directors for
shareholder election. Both
of those
committees are comprised solely of the four Independent Directors. Please see
the description below regarding the specific responsibilities of those
committees.
The Board’s
role in overseeing the risks of the Funds begins with its duties imposed by it
under both the 1940 Act and state corporate law—as the body which is charged
with supervision of the Funds’ overall operations. In addition to reviewing
periodic reports provided to the Board from the Funds’ various service
providers, the Board meets, usually in person, at least quarterly to discuss the
Funds’ operations, performance, and other matters such as review of compliance
concerns, if any. The Board has caused the Funds to engage with certain service
providers which assist it in overseeing the Funds’ operations. For example, the
Funds’ co-administrators are primarily responsible for assuring the Funds’
accounting is appropriately managed and the Funds’ internal operations are
appropriately carried out, the Funds’ investment advisers are primarily
responsible for implementing the Funds’ respective investment programs, and the
Funds’ independent auditors are primarily responsible for conducting the annual
audit of the Funds’ financial statements. The Board oversees the activities of
all of these service providers.
In addition,
the Board’s committee structure further enables it to oversee the Funds’ risks.
The primary committee in this regard is the Audit Committee, which is comprised
entirely of Independent Directors. The Funds’ independent auditors must report
their findings and conclusions respecting their annual audit of the Funds’
financial statements. Furthermore, the Funds’ internal policies require service
providers and other persons to report compliance and similar risk matters to the
attention of the Audit Committee.
The Board
has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate based on the size of
the Funds, the Board’s current responsibilities, each of the Directors’ ability
to participate in the oversight of the Funds, and committee transparency. As
noted above, two-thirds of the Board is comprised of Independent Directors, and
these Independent Directors serve on committees designed to facilitate the
governance of the Funds and provide risk oversight. Additionally, the Board
believes that its existing directors provide exceptional leadership and
management experience to the Funds.
Fund
Committees
The Board
has established the following committees:
Audit
Committee. The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things,
reviewing and recommending to the Board the selection of the Funds’ independent
registered public accounting firm, reviewing the scope of the proposed audits of
the Funds, reviewing the results of the annual audits of the Fund’s financial
statements with the independent registered public accounting firm, and
interacting with the Fund’s independent auditors on behalf of the full
Board. The Audit Committee consists of each of the Independent
Directors. The Audit Committee held three meetings during the fiscal year
ended March 31, 2022. The Audit Committee adopted a Charter effective February
5, 2004, as amended May 19, 2010, November 18, 2010, and November 15, 2012.
Corporate
Governance and Nominations Committee. The Corporate Governance and
Nominations Committee is responsible for reviewing the Board’s governance
practices and procedures, reviewing the composition of the Board and its
committees, and screening and nominating candidates for election to the Board as
Independent Directors. The Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee
is comprised of the Independent Directors. The Corporate Governance and
Nominations Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended March 31,
2022. The Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee adopted a
Charter effective November 15, 2004, as amended August 1, 2010, November 18,
2010, November 15, 2012, and July 18, 2016. The Committee has established a
policy that it will receive and consider recommendations for nomination of
Independent Director candidates from other persons, including other members of
the Board, the shareholders of the Funds or candidates recommended by Company
management. As the Company does not intend to hold shareholder meetings each
year, the Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee will accept shareholder
recommendations for nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors on a continuous
basis. Recommendations can be submitted to: Tributary Funds, Inc., 1620 Dodge
Street, Mail Stop 1089, Omaha, NE 68102, Attention: Chairman, Corporate
Governance and Nominations Committee.
In
considering candidates for selection or nomination to the Board, the Corporate
Governance and Nominations Committee will consider various factors, including a
candidate’s education, professional experience (including experience in the
insurance and mutual fund industries), the results of in-person meetings with
the candidate, the views of management of the Advisers with respect to the
candidate, the candidate’s other business and professional activities, and other
factors that may be deemed relevant by the Corporate Governance and Nominations
Committee. The Board focuses on each director’s ability to contribute to the
Board’s oversight of the Funds. The Corporate Governance and Nominations
Committee of the Board has adopted a policy to consider diversity when
identifying director nominees. The criteria developed by the
Corporate
Governance and Nominations Committee with respect to the new Independent
Directors includes five diversity characteristics in evaluating nominees as a
director. The Board evaluates the effectiveness of the diversity policy as part
of an annual Board and Committee self-assessment process.
Fair
Value Committee. The Board has a standing Fair Value Committee that is
composed of various representatives of the Funds’ Advisers and other service
providers, as appointed by the Board. The Fair Value Committee operates
under procedures approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of
the Fair Value Committee are to determine the fair value of securities for which
current market quotations are not readily available. The Fair Value
Committee generally holds regular monthly meetings but may meet more frequently,
as necessary, and met 12 times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
The table
below sets forth the amount of Shares beneficially owned by each Director in
each Fund stated as one of the following dollar ranges: None; $1-$10,000;
$10,001-$50,000; $50,001-$100,000; or over $100,000. The information below is
provided as of December 31, 2021.
|
Independent
Directors |
Interested
Directors |
|
Mr.
Reed |
Mr.
Parker |
Mr.
Larrabee |
Ms.
Walsh |
Mr.
Wade |
Ms.
Fahrenkrog |
Tributary
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund |
None |
None |
None |
None |
Over
$100,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
Tributary
Income Fund |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
$1-$10,000 |
Tributary
Nebraska Tax-Free Fund |
Over
$100,000 |
$1-$10,000 |
None |
None |
None |
$1-$10,000 |
Tributary
Balanced Fund |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
$10,001-$50,000 |
Tributary
Small\Mid Cap Fund |
None |
None |
$10,001-$50,000 |
$1-$10,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
$50,001-$100,000 |
Tributary
Small Company Fund |
$50,001-$100,000 |
None |
None |
$1-$10,000 |
Over
$100,000 |
Over
$100,000 |
Aggregate
of all Funds |
Over
$100,000 |
$1-$10,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
Over
$100,000 |
Over
$100,000 |
As of July
5, 2022, the Company’s officers and Directors, as a group, owned less than 1% of
the Funds’ outstanding Shares.
The
following table sets forth certain information concerning compensation paid by
the Company to its Directors in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
Name
and Position |
Aggregate
Compensation
From
Company |
Pension
or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued
as Part of
Company
Expenses |
Estimated
Annual
Retirement
Benefits |
Total
Compensation
From
Company |
Interested
Directors |
|
|
|
|
Stephen
C. Wade
Chairman,
President and Director |
$0 |
N/A |
N/A |
$0 |
Brittany
Fahrenkrog
Senior
Vice President and Director |
$0 |
N/A |
N/A |
$0 |
Independent
Directors |
|
|
|
|
Robert
A. Reed
Director |
$33,863 |
N/A |
N/A |
$33,863 |
Gary
D. Parker
Director |
$37,476 |
N/A |
N/A |
$37,476 |
David
E. Larrabee
Director |
$37,476 |
N/A |
N/A |
$37,476 |
Donna
Walsh
Director |
$37,476 |
N/A |
N/A |
$37,476 |
The
Company’s Interested Directors and officers receive no compensation directly
from the Funds for performing the duties of their offices. The Company’s
Independent Directors are compensated by the Company for their service as
Directors pursuant to a Compensation Policy. Pursuant to the Compensation
Policy, effective January 1, 2020, each Independent Director is paid an annual
retainer of $21,676, a meeting attendance fee of $3,613 for each quarterly Board
meeting attended, and a fee of $750 for each Special Board meeting or Committee
meeting not held on the same day as a quarterly Board meeting. Independent
Directors may also be paid $750 per day for attendance at certain business
meetings as an official representative of the Company. For meetings not held on
the same day as a quarterly Board meeting, the Lead Independent Director and the
Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominations
Committee are paid an additional fee of $2,000, $1,500 and $1,250, respectively,
for preparing for and attending such meetings. Pursuant to the Company’s amended
Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee Charter, the Committee will
evaluate Board compensation on a biannual basis, with each such evaluation
taking place in the second year following the later of the most recent
compensation adjustment or evaluation.
Pursuant to
the Compensation Policy, the Independent Directors will invest at least 10% of
all categories of their compensation in Fund shares. Investments in Fund shares
made by the Independent Directors will be governed by the Company’s Independent
Directors Investment Program, which provides procedures for investment of
Director compensation and certain ad hoc Director investments in Fund shares.
The Independent Directors Investment Program includes procedures for managing
any conflicts of interest, including Director notice, reporting and
pre-clearance requirements with respect to investments in Fund
shares.
The officers
may, from time to time, serve as officers of other investment companies.
Atlantic Fund Administration, LLC (d/b/a Apex Fund Services) (“Apex”) and
Tributary Capital Management, LLC, serve as the Funds’ Co-Administrators and
receive fees from each of the Funds for acting as Co-Administrator.
Proxy
Voting Policies
The Company
has delegated to the Advisers the authority to vote proxies relating to
portfolio securities owned by the Funds. The Board has reviewed and approved the
policies and procedures that govern the voting of such proxies. A complete copy
of those policies and procedures is attached as Appendix B. Information
regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during
the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon
request, by writing to the Company at P.O. Box 219022, Kansas City, MO
64141-6022, or by telephoning toll free (800) 662-4203, and on the SEC’s website
at www.sec.gov.
Investment
Advisers and Sub-Advisers
Tributary
provides investment advisory services to the Funds under an investment advisory
agreement dated May 3, 2010 (the “Master Advisory Agreement”). Tributary is a
wholly owned subsidiary of FNNI.
Under the
Master Advisory Agreement, Tributary provides investment advisory services as
described in the Prospectus. For the services provided and expenses assumed
under the Master Advisory Agreement, the Funds, respectively, pays a fee equal
to the lesser of (i) a fee computed daily and paid monthly, at the following
annual rates of the average daily net assets of that Fund:
Fund |
Fee
Paid to Tributary |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
0.50% |
Income
Fund |
0.60% |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
0.40% |
Balanced
Fund |
0.75% |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
0.85% |
Small
Company Fund |
0.85% |
or, (ii)
such other fee as may be agreed upon from time to time in writing by the Company
and Tributary. Tributary may reduce all or a portion of its advisory fees with
respect to any Fund under an Expense Waiver Agreement dated August 1, 2022, as
amended, between the Company and Tributary.
Investment
sub-advisory services are provided to the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the
Income Fund, the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund, and the Balanced Fund by FNA via
assignment and agreement dated April 26, 2021, as amended (the “FNA Sub-Advisory
Agreement,” together with the Master Advisory Agreement, the “Advisory
Agreements”). FNA is a wholly owned subsidiary of First National Bank of Omaha,
which is a subsidiary of First National Bank of Nebraska, Inc.
Under the
FNA Sub-Advisory Agreement, FNA provides investment sub-advisory services to
Tributary for the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, the Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund, and the Balanced Fund as described in the Prospectus. For the
services provided and expenses assumed under the FNA Sub-Advisory Agreement,
Tributary pays FNA a fee equal to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, 0.30% of the average daily net assets of the
Income Fund, 0.20% of the average daily net assets of the Nebraska Tax-Free
Fund, and 0.375% of the average daily net assets of the Balanced Fund. The fees
paid to FNA are a portion of, and are not in addition to, the advisory fees paid
by the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund, the Nebraska Tax-Free
Fund, and the Balanced Fund to Tributary described above.
The advisory
fees, net of fee waivers, earned by Tributary for the three previous fiscal
years were:
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2020
Fund |
Gross
Advisory Fees |
Fee
Waivers/
Reimbursments |
Net
Advisory Fees |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$974,935 |
$412,917 |
$562,018 |
Income
Fund |
$1,253,640 |
$557,424 |
$696,216 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
$299,816 |
$152,952 |
$146,864 |
Balanced
Fund |
$550,844 |
$160,434 |
$390,410 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$5,567* |
$45,543* |
$0* |
Small
Company Fund |
$6,854,332 |
$562,569 |
$6,291,763 |
|
* |
Represents
the period of August 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020 |
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2021
Fund |
Gross
Advisory Fees |
Fee
Waivers/
Reimbursments |
Net
Advisory Fees |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$1,076,193 |
$527,733 |
$548,460 |
Income
Fund |
$1,318,420 |
$637,020 |
$681,400 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
$301,428 |
$169,830 |
$131,598 |
Balanced
Fund |
$548,889 |
$177,152 |
$371,737 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$22,756 |
$63,321 |
$0 |
Small
Company Fund |
$6,483,805 |
$720,322 |
$5,763,483 |
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2022
Fund |
Gross
Advisory Fees |
Fee
Waivers/
Reimbursments |
Net
Advisory Fees |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$1,173,118 |
$566,530 |
$606,588 |
Income
Fund |
$1,184,297 |
$603,012 |
$581,285 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
$281,645 |
$160,842 |
$120,803 |
Balanced
Fund |
$619,242 |
$205,792 |
$413,450 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$42,156 |
$72,659 |
$0 |
Small
Company Fund |
$6,282,939 |
$744,674 |
$5,538,265 |
Unless
otherwise terminated, after an initial two-year period, the Advisory Agreements
remain in effect from year to year for successive annual periods ending on June
30 if, as to each Fund, such continuance is approved at least annually by the
Board of Directors or by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of that
Fund (as defined under “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION” below), and a majority of the
Directors who are not parties to the particular Advisory Agreement or
“interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Advisory
Agreement by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The
Advisory Agreements are terminable as to a Fund at any time without penalty on
60 days’ written notice by the Directors, by vote of a majority of the
outstanding Shares of that Fund, or by the Advisers. The Advisory Agreements
also terminate automatically in the event of any assignment, as defined in the
1940 Act.
The Advisory
Agreements provide that the Advisers will not be liable for any error of
judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by a Fund in connection with
their respective performance of the Advisory Agreements, except a loss resulting
from a breach of fiduciary duty respecting their receipt of compensation for
services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross
negligence on the part of an Adviser in the performance of its duties, or from
reckless disregard by an Adviser of its duties and obligations
thereunder.
Portfolio
Transactions
Under the
Advisory Agreements, the Advisers determine, subject to the general supervision
of the Board and in accordance with each Fund’s investment objective and
restrictions, which securities are to be purchased and sold by a Fund, and which
brokers to execute such Fund’s portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales of
fixed income debt securities acquired for the Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the
Income Fund, the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund and the Balanced Fund usually are
principal transactions in which portfolio securities are normally purchased
directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the
securities. Purchases from underwriters of other portfolio securities for the
Funds generally include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the
underwriter, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers may include the
spread between the bid and ask price. Transactions on stock exchanges involve
the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. Transactions in the
over-the-counter market may take the form of principal transactions with
dealers, or may involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. While
the Advisers generally seek competitive commissions, the Company may not
necessarily pay the lowest commission available on each brokerage
transaction.
For the
three previous fiscal years ending March 31, the Funds paid the following
brokerage commissions on their respective total transactions:
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2020:
Fund |
Brokerage
Commissions |
Total
Transactions |
Income
Fund |
$13 |
$68,115 |
Balanced
Fund |
$8,419 |
$16,775,210 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$1,844 |
$2,140,989 |
Small
Company Fund |
$653,546 |
$534,707,033 |
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2021:
Fund |
Brokerage
Commissions |
Total
Transactions |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$8 |
$37,786 |
Balanced
Fund |
$9,493 |
$19,854,608 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$1,338 |
$2,230,766 |
Small
Company Fund |
$771,323 |
$1,116,692,754 |
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2022:
Fund |
Brokerage
Commissions |
Total
Transactions |
Income
Fund |
$20 |
$48,808 |
Balanced
Fund |
$9,683 |
$22,323,334 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$2,686 |
$5,721,255 |
Small
Company Fund |
$432,534 |
$711,592,311 |
The Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund did not pay any brokerage commissions for the fiscal years ending,
March 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 or March 31, 2022, the Short-Intermediate Bond
Fund did not pay any brokerage commissions for the fiscal years ending, March
31, 2021 or March 31, 2022, and the Income Fund did not pay any brokerage
commissions for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.
Brokerage
with Fund Affiliates. A Fund may execute brokerage or other agency
transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund, the
Advisers, or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act,
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and rules promulgated by the
SEC. Under the 1940 Act, affiliated broker-dealers are permitted to receive and
retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for a Fund if written
procedures are in effect expressly permitting the affiliate to receive and
retain such compensation. These rules and procedures further require that
commissions paid to an affiliate by a Fund for exchange transactions not exceed
“usual and customary” brokerage commissions and be reported to the Board at the
next regularly scheduled meeting.
For the
fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Funds did not execute
brokerage or other agency transactions with affiliated brokers.
Allocation
of Transactions. Allocation of transactions, including their frequency, to
various brokers and dealers is determined by the Advisers in their best judgment
and in a manner deemed fair and reasonable to Fund Shareholders. The Advisers
are obliged to place orders for the purchase and sale of securities with the
objective of obtaining best execution or the most favorable overall results in
commission rates and prices paid for securities for the Funds. Consistent with
the Advisers duty to seek best execution, the Advisers may execute transactions
for the Funds with broker-dealers who provide the Advisers with research and
brokerage products and services, as discussed below.
In selecting
broker-dealers through which to effect transactions, the Advisers may consider a
number of factors such as price, confidentiality, broker-dealer spread or
commission (if any), the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the
broker-dealer, the value of the brokerage and research services provided and the
size of the transaction and difficulty of execution. The Advisers’ selection of
a broker-dealer based on one or more of these factors, either in terms of a
particular transaction or an Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund to obtain best execution and could result in the Fund paying a
commission or spread on a transaction that is in excess of the amount of
commission or spread another broker-dealer might have charged for executing the
same transaction.
The Advisers
may obtain economic and company-specific research, reports on corporate
conference calls and news, portfolio and data analytics, electronic price feeds
and other brokerage services, and access to industry conferences as a result of
effecting transactions with a specific broker. Commissions paid to
broker-dealers benefit the Advisers by allowing them to obtain research and
other products and services that they do not have to pay for or produce. As a
result, a Fund may pay brokerage commissions that are used, in part, to purchase
brokerage or research services that are not used to benefit that specific Fund.
The Advisers will execute portfolio transactions through these broker-dealers
only if it has been determined that such broker-dealers provide best
execution.
Subject to
its best execution responsibility, the Advisers may also use commission sharing
arrangements (“CSAs”) to obtain brokerage and research services. In CSAs,
Advisers may effect transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the
broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commission or commission credits to a
segregated “research pool” maintained by the broker-dealer (“CSA Broker”). The
Advisers may then direct such broker-dealer to pay for eligible products and
services under the safe harbor of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934.
All
Tributary Funds trades are executed through brokers that ultimately provide
research to the investment advisers. Please see the brokerage commission tables
above.
Investment
decisions for each Fund are made independently from those for the other Funds
and any other investment company or account managed by the Advisers. Any such
other Fund, investment company, or account may also invest in the same
securities as the Fund. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at
substantially the same time on behalf of a Fund and another investment company
or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price, and available
investments
will be
allocated as to amount in a manner which the Advisers believe to be equitable to
the Fund and such other investment company or account. In some instances, this
investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund
or the size of the position obtained by a Fund. To the extent permitted by law,
the Advisers may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for a Fund
with those to be sold or purchased for the other investment companies or
accounts in order to obtain best execution. As provided by the Advisory
Agreements, in making investment recommendations for each of the Funds, the
Advisers will not inquire or take into consideration whether an issuer of
securities proposed for purchase or sale by a Fund is a customer of the
Advisers, their parent or subsidiaries or affiliates and, in dealing with its
customers, the Advisers, their parent, subsidiaries, and affiliates will not
inquire or take into consideration whether securities of such customers are held
by the Funds.
Securities
of Regular Broker-Dealers. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the
Funds acquired certain securities of certain of the Funds’ regular
broker-dealers or parents of such broker-dealers. The aggregate holdings of the
Fund of those brokers or dealers as of March 31, 2022 were as follows:
Broker-Dealer |
Fund |
Market
Value |
Bank
of America Corp. |
Balanced
Fund |
$398,670 |
Bank
of America Corp. |
Income
Fund |
$2,382,889 |
Bank
of America Corp. |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$3,593,221 |
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. |
Balanced
Fund |
$235,077 |
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. |
Income
Fund |
$1,253,510 |
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$1,643,880 |
Citigroup
Global Markets |
Balanced
Fund |
$319,067 |
Citigroup
Global Markets |
Income
Fund |
$2,734,919 |
Citigroup
Global Markets |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$4,280,695 |
Credit
Suisse Securities, LLC |
Income
Fund |
$1,925,175 |
Credit
Suisse Securities, LLC |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$291,258 |
Goldman
Sachs & Co. |
Balanced
Fund |
$591,145 |
Goldman
Sachs & Co. |
Income
Fund |
$3,179,823 |
Goldman
Sachs & Co. |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$4,964,935 |
J.P.
Morgan |
Balanced
Fund |
$1,124,990 |
J.P.
Morgan |
Income
Fund |
$1,233,122 |
J.P.
Morgan |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$2,141,995 |
Morgan
Stanley & Co., Inc. |
Balanced
Fund |
$712,651 |
Morgan
Stanley & Co., Inc. |
Income
Fund |
$2,247,928 |
Morgan
Stanley & Co., Inc. |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$4,869,146 |
Stifel,
Nicholaus & Co., Inc. |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$6,928,584 |
Stifel,
Nicholaus & Co., Inc. |
Small
Company Fund |
$165,405 |
UBS
Securities LLC |
Balanced
Fund |
$225,651 |
Wells
Fargo Securities, Inc. |
Balanced
Fund |
$655,057 |
Wells
Fargo Securities, Inc. |
Income
Fund |
$1,394,341 |
Wells
Fargo Securities, Inc. |
Short
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$2,271,391 |
Portfolio
Holdings
Portfolio
holdings information for the Funds is made available more frequently and prior
to its public availability (“non-standard disclosure”) to:
|
(1) |
the
Funds’ service providers (including the Funds’ Custodian,
Co-Administrators, fund accountant, financing agents, pricing services,
and certain others (such as auditors, legal counsel, and proxy voting
services) necessary for the Funds’ day-to-day operations) (collectively,
the “Service Providers”); and |
|
(2) |
certain
non-service providers, including ratings agencies and other qualified
financial professionals (such as Bloomberg L.P., FactSet Research Systems,
Inc., Morningstar, Inc., Thomson Reuters/Lipper and affiliates, and ICE
Data Pricing & Reference Data, LLC), for such purposes as analyzing
and ranking the Funds or performing due diligence and asset allocation
(collectively, the “Non-Service Providers”). Generally, if provided, such
information |
will be
provided to Non-Service Providers on a monthly basis with a sixteen day
lag.
Service
providers include administrators, auditors, attorneys, custodians, pricing
vendors, and proxy voting services. Such holdings are released under conditions
of confidentiality. “Conditions of confidentiality” include confidentiality
terms included in written agreements, implied by the nature of the relationship
(e.g., attorney-client relationship), or required by fiduciary or
regulatory principles (e.g., custody services provided by financial
institutions).
Prior to the
release of non-standard disclosure to Non-Service Providers, the recipient must
adhere to the following conditions:
|
(1) |
the
recipient may not distribute the portfolio holdings or results of the
analysis to third parties, other departments or persons who are likely to
use the information for purposes of purchasing or selling Shares of the
Funds before the portfolio holdings or results of the analysis become
public information; and |
|
(2) |
the
recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality or written
confidentiality agreement. Persons and entities unwilling to execute an
acceptable confidentiality agreement may only receive portfolio holdings
information that has otherwise been publicly disclosed in accordance with
the Funds’ disclosure policies; or |
|
(3) |
the
recipient provides assurances of its duty of confidentially, which may
include such means as certification as to its policies’ adequacy to
protect the information that is disclosed. |
Neither the
Funds nor any Service Provider may disclose material information about the
Funds’ holdings, trading strategies implemented or to be implemented in the
Funds, or about pending transactions in the Funds to other third parties, except
that information about portfolio holdings may be made available to such third
parties:
|
(1) |
by
providing a copy of the Funds’ latest annual or semi-annual report or the
Funds’ latest Form N-PORT; |
|
(2) |
in
marketing materials, provided the portfolio holdings disclosed in the
materials are at least 15 days old; or |
|
(3) |
when
the Funds have a legitimate business purpose for doing so and the
recipients are subject to a confidentiality agreement or the Board has
determined that the policies of the recipient are adequate to protect the
information that is disclosed. |
Such
disclosures must be authorized by the Funds’ President or Treasurer and will be
reported periodically to the Board. In no event will such information be
disclosed for compensation.
Each Fund’s
portfolio holdings disclosure policy is subject to periodic review by the Board.
In order to help ensure that each Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure policy is
in the best interests of Fund Shareholders as determined by the Board, the
Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer provides an annual report to the Board on such
disclosure. Any conflict identified between the interests of Fund Shareholders
and those of an Adviser, the Distributor, or any affiliate of the Fund, an
Adviser, or the Distributor by a Fund resulting from the disclosure of nonpublic
portfolio holdings information will be reported to the Board for appropriate
action.
Portfolio
Managers
Ron Horner
and Travis Nordstrom of FNA share responsibility for managing the
Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, the Income Fund and the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund;
Ron Horner, John Harris, and Kurt Spieler of FNA are responsible for managing
the Balanced Fund; Mark Wynegar and Donald Radtke of Tributary have
responsibility of managing the Small/ Mid-Cap Fund; and Mark Wynegar and Michael
Johnson of Tributary are responsible for managing the Small Company Fund.
Other
Accounts Managed. Each portfolio manager also has responsibility for the
day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund(s) for which he or she
serves as portfolio manager. The following table provides certain information,
as of March 31, 2022, regarding these other accounts.
Name
of Manager |
Number
of
Accounts |
Total
Assets
of
Accounts |
Number
of
Accounts
Paying
a
Performance
Fee |
Total
Assets
of
Accounts
Paying
a
Performance
Fee |
Ronald
Horner |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
44 |
$895M |
0 |
0 |
Travis
Nordstrom |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
44 |
$895M |
0 |
0 |
John
Harris |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
1 |
$10M |
0 |
0 |
Kurt
Spieler |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
177 |
$3.15B |
0 |
0 |
Mark
Wynegar |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
755 |
$1.35B |
0 |
0 |
Donald
Radtke |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
54 |
$810M |
0 |
0 |
Michael
Johnson |
|
|
|
|
Registered
investment companies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
pooled investment vehicles |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Other
accounts |
633 |
$1.06B |
0 |
0 |
Conflicts
of Interests. When a portfolio manager is responsible for the management of
more than one account, the potential arises for the portfolio manager to favor
one account over another. Generally, the risks of such conflicts of
interests are increased to the extent that the portfolio manager has a financial
incentive to favor one account over another. The Company does not believe
that any material conflicts are likely to arise out of these portfolio managers’
oversight of the other accounts. Those accounts are generally managed
relative to different benchmarks and different investment policies which can
result in performance variations, but none reported a conflict of interest in
investment strategy, asset allocation, or in any other manner. In
addition, the Advisers have policies and procedures, enforced by the Advisers’
respective compliance departments, designed to address potential conflicts of
interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities by its
managers. Further, the Advisers’ Code of Ethics address potential
conflicts of interest and prohibit certain securities transactions or requires
“access persons” to obtain pre-clearance before acquiring beneficial ownership
of Fund portfolio securities.
Compensation—Tributary.
Each Tributary portfolio manager receives a fixed salary from Tributary
based upon experience and prevailing compensation levels in the market.
Participation in Tributary’s defined contribution (401(k)) plan is voluntary,
however, portfolio managers receive an annual contribution by Tributary. Each
Tributary portfolio manager is eligible to receive a bonus from Tributary.
Performance bonuses are paid yearly and are calculated as a percentage of base
salary and are dependent upon performance of the strategy relative to the Fund’s
benchmark and institutional peer group over 1, 3 and 5 year time periods. In
addition, to create an ownership mentality, portfolio managers and all
investment professionals at Tributary participate in revenue sharing, whereas a
portion of revenue is paid to team members annually.
Compensation—FNA.
Each FNA portfolio manager receives a fixed salary from FNA based upon
experience and prevailing compensation levels in the market.
Participation in FNA’s defined contribution (401(k)) plan is voluntary.
Each FNA portfolio manager is eligible to receive a bonus from FNA.
Bonuses are paid yearly and are calculated as a percentage of base salary and
are dependent upon Fund quarterly composite performance relative to that Fund’s
benchmark and peer group.
Ownership
of Fund Shares. The table below shows, as of March 31, 2022, the dollar
range of Shares beneficially owned by each portfolio manager in each Fund(s) for
which he or she serves as portfolio manager, in one of the following ranges:
None; $1-$10,000; $10,001-$50,000; $50,001-$100,000; $100,001-$500,000;
$500,001-$1,000,000; or over $1,000,000.
PORTFOLIO
MANAGER |
FUNDS
MANAGED BY PORTFOLIO
MANAGER |
DOLLAR
RANGE |
Ronald
Horner |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$100,001-$500,000 |
|
Income
Fund |
$10,001-$50,000 |
|
Balanced
Fund |
None |
|
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
None |
Travis
Nordstrom |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$100,001-$500,000 |
|
Income
Fund |
None |
|
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
None |
John
Harris |
Balanced
Fund |
None |
Kurt
Spieler |
Balanced
Fund |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Mark
Wynegar |
Small/Mid-Cap
Fund |
$500,001-$1,000,000 |
|
Small
Company Fund |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Donald
Radtke |
Small/Mid-Cap
Fund |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Michael
Johnson |
Small
Company Fund |
$500,001-$1,000,000 |
Co-Administrators
Tributary
(along with Apex, the “Co-Administrators”) serves as co-administrator to each
Fund under the Co-Administration Agreement between the Company and Tributary
dated May 3, 2010 (the “Tributary Co-Administration Agreement”). Under the
Tributary Co-Administration Agreement, Tributary assists in the supervision of
all aspects of the operations of the Funds except those performed by the
Distributor, Transfer Agent, accountant, and Advisers of the Funds; serves as
on-site liaison between the Company and the other service providers; furnishes
statistical and research data; assists in the preparation of compliance filings
required under state securities laws; assists in the preparation, mailing, and
filing of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to Shareholders; assists in
the preparation and distribution of proxy statements and related documents; and
provides support for meetings of the Board. The following table shows the gross
and net administration fees paid to, and fees waived by, Tributary as
Co-Administrator during the last three fiscal years:
FEES PAID TO
TRIBUTARY AS CO-ADMINISTRATOR
|
Year
Ended
March
31, 2020 |
Year
Ended
March
31, 2021 |
Year
Ended
March
31, 2022 |
Fund |
Gross
Advisory
Fees |
Fee
Waivers |
Net
Advisory
Fees |
Gross
Advisory
Fees |
Fee
Waivers |
Net
Advisory
Fees |
Gross
Advisory
Fees |
Fee
Waivers |
Net
Advisory
Fees |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$136,491 |
– |
$136,491 |
$150,669 |
– |
$150,669 |
$164,236 |
– |
$164,236 |
Income
Fund |
$146,258 |
– |
$146,258 |
$153,818 |
– |
$153,818 |
$138,167 |
– |
$138,167 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
$52,467 |
– |
$52,467 |
$52,750 |
– |
$52,750 |
$49,287 |
– |
$49,287 |
Balanced
Fund |
$51,413 |
– |
$51,413 |
$51,230 |
– |
$51,230 |
$57,796 |
– |
$57,796 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
$458 |
– |
$458 |
$1,874 |
– |
$1,874 |
$3,472 |
– |
$3,472 |
Small
Company Fund |
$564,474 |
– |
$564,474 |
$533,967 |
– |
$533,967 |
$517,415 |
– |
$517,415 |
Apex,
located at Three Canal Plaza, Portland, ME 04101, serves as co-administrator to
each Fund under the Fund Accounting and Co-Administration Services Agreement
between the Company and Apex dated August 1, 2015 (the “Apex Co-Administration
Agreement”). Under the Apex Co-Administration Agreement, Apex provides mutual
fund accounting, administrative, recordkeeping, tax-related, compliance support,
and other reporting services for the Funds. As compensation for providing such
services under the Apex Co-Administration Agreement, Atlantic receives a fee
based on the net assets of the Funds. Apex is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apex
US Holdings LLC.
Compliance
Services
Foreside
Financial Group, LLC (or an affiliate or subsidiary thereof), located at 690
Taylor Road, Suite 210, Columbus, OH 43230, provides certain compliance services
to the Funds, including designating one of its employees as the Funds’ Chief
Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer. Beacon Hill Fund Services,
Inc. (“Beacon Hill”), as the predecessor to Foreside, provided certain
compliance services to the Funds under a Compliance Services Agreement dated
December 21, 2009.
Expenses
The Master
Advisory Agreement provides that if total expenses borne by any of the Funds in
any fiscal year exceed expense limitations imposed by applicable state
securities regulations, Tributary will reimburse that Fund by the amount of such
excess in proportion to its respective fees. As of the date of this SAI, the
Funds are not aware of any state-imposed expense limitation applicable to the
Funds. Fees imposed upon customer accounts by Tributary or its affiliated or
correspondent banks for cash management services are not included within Fund
expenses for purposes of any such expense limitation.
The Advisers
and Atlantic each bear all expenses in connection with their respective
performance of their services as Advisers and Co-Administrator, respectively,
other than the cost of securities (including brokerage commissions, and issue
and transfer taxes, if any) purchased for a Fund. Each Fund will bear the
following expenses relating to its operations: organizational expenses; taxes;
interest; any brokerage fees and commissions; Board fees and expenses; SEC fees;
state securities qualification fees; costs of preparing and printing
Prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to its current
Shareholders; outside auditing and legal expenses; advisory and administration
fees; fees and out-of-pocket expenses of the Co-Administrators, Custodian, and
Transfer Agent; costs for independent pricing service; certain insurance
premiums; costs of maintenance of the Company’s existence; costs of
Shareholders’ and Directors’ reports and meetings; distribution expenses
incurred pursuant to the Distribution and Service Plan described below; and any
extraordinary expenses incurred in a Fund’s operation.
Distributor
The Company
and the Distributor are parties to an Underwriting Agreement dated February 1,
2019 (the “Distribution Agreement”) under which the Distributor acts as
principal underwriter for the Funds’ Shares. The principal business address of
the Distributor is 4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100, Elkhorn, NE 68022. Under
the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor must use all reasonable efforts,
consistent with its other business, in connection with the continuous offering
of the Funds’ Shares. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific
quantity of Fund Shares. Unless otherwise terminated, the Distribution Agreement
has an initial term of two years and thereafter will remain in effect from year
to year for successive annual periods if approved at least annually (i) by the
vote of a majority of the Board who are not parties to the Distribution
Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the
Distribution Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the vote of the Board or the vote of a
majority of the outstanding Shares of the Company. The Distribution Agreement
may be terminated in the event of any assignment, as defined in the 1940
Act.
The
Distributor solicits orders for the sale of Shares, advertises and pays the
costs of advertising, office space, and the personnel involved in such
activities. If applicable to a class of the Company’s Shares as described below,
the Distributor may receive distribution fees from certain of the Funds as
authorized by the Distribution and Service Plan described below.
Distribution
and Service Plan
The Company
has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) under Rule 12b-1 of the
1940 Act under which each Fund is authorized to make payments to banks,
including First National, other institutions, the Distributor, and
broker-dealers (collectively, the “Participating Organizations”), for providing
distribution or Shareholder service assistance. Payments to such Participating
Organizations may be made pursuant to agreements entered into upon the
recommendation of the Distributor. The Plan authorizes each Fund to make
payments with respect to certain classes of Shares in an amount not in excess,
on an annual basis, of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of that Fund. As of
the date of this SAI, the Company has no class of Shares outstanding to which
the Plan is applicable.
Payments may
be made by the Funds under the Plan for the purpose of financing any activity
primarily intended to result in the sales of Shares of the Funds as determined
by the Board. Such activities could include advertising; compensation for sales
and sales marketing activities of financial services agents and others, such as
dealers or distributors; Shareholder
account
servicing; production and dissemination of prospectuses and sales and marketing
materials; and capital or other expenses of associated equipment, rent,
salaries, bonuses, interest, and other overhead. To the extent any activity is
one that the Funds may finance without a Plan, the Funds may also make payments
to finance such activity outside of the Plan and not subject to its limitations.
Any payments under the Plan would not be tied exclusively to actual distribution
and service expenses, and the payments could exceed distribution and service
expenses actually incurred.
As required
by Rule 12b-1, the Plan was approved by the Shareholders of each of the Funds
and by the Board, including a majority of the Directors who are not interested
persons of any of the Funds and who have no direct or indirect financial
interest in the operation of the Plan (the “12b-1 Directors”). The Plan may be
terminated as to a Fund by vote of a majority of the 12b-1 Directors, or by vote
of majority of the outstanding Shares of that Fund. Any change in the Plan that
would materially increase the distribution cost to a Fund requires Shareholder
approval. The Board will, if the Plan issues shares applicable to the Plan,
review quarterly a written report of such costs and the purposes for which such
costs have been incurred. The Plan may be amended by vote of the Directors
including a majority of the 12b-1 Directors, cast in person at a meeting called
for that purpose. For so long as the Plan is in effect, the selection and
nomination of those Directors who are not interested persons of the Company must
be made by the 12b-1 Directors. All agreements with any person relating to the
implementation of the Plan may be terminated at any time on 60 days’ written
notice without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the 12b-1
Directors or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding Shares of any of the
Funds. The Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods,
provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of
a majority of the 12b-1 Directors, and (ii) by a vote of a majority of the
entire Board cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. The Board has
a duty to request and evaluate such information as may be reasonably necessary
for them to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be
implemented or continued. In addition, the Directors in approving the Plan must
determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit each
Fund and its Shareholders.
The Board
believes that the Plan, if activated, would be in the best interests of each
Fund because it would encourage growth of a Fund. As a Fund grows in size,
certain expenses, and therefore total expenses, per Share, may be reduced and
overall performance per Share may be improved.
Administrative
Services Plan
As described
in the Prospectus, the Company has also adopted an Administrative Services Plan
(the “Services Plan”) under which the Institutional Class Shares of each Fund
are authorized to pay certain financial institutions, including First National,
the Banks, third-party financial intermediaries, and the Distributor (each a
“Service Organization”), to provide certain ministerial, record keeping, and
administrative support services to their customers who own Institutional Class
Shares in a Fund of record or beneficially, such as processing dividend and
distribution payments from the Funds on behalf of customers, providing periodic
statements to customers showing their positions in the Institutional Class
Shares of the Funds, providing sub-accounting with respect to Institutional
Class Shares beneficially owned by such customers, and providing customers with
a service that invests the assets of their accounts in Institutional Class
Shares of the Funds under specific or pre-authorized instructions. Payments to
Service Organizations are made under Servicing Agreements between the Company
and the Service Organization. The Services Plan authorizes Institutional Class
Shares of each Fund to make payments to Service Organizations in an amount, on
an annual basis, of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of that Fund.
The Services Plan has been approved by the Board, including a majority of the
Directors who are not interested persons of the Company (as defined in the 1940
Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of
the Services Plan or in any shareholder servicing agreements thereunder (the
“Disinterested Directors”). The Services Plan may be terminated as to a Fund by
a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Directors. The Directors review
quarterly a written report of the amounts expended under the Services Plan and
the purposes for which such expenditures were made. The Services Plan may be
amended by a vote of the Directors, provided that any material amendments also
require the vote of a majority of the Disinterested Directors. For so long as
the Services Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of Disinterested
Directors must be made by the Disinterested Directors. All shareholder servicing
agreements may be terminated at any time without the payment of any penalty by a
vote of a majority of the Disinterested Directors. The Services Plan will
continue in effect for successive one-year periods, provided that each such
continuance is specifically approved by the Board, including a majority of the
Disinterested Directors.
The
following tables show the fees paid by each Fund under the Administrative
Services Plan during the last three fiscal years:
Fund |
Year
Ended
March
31, 2020 |
Year
Ended
March
31, 2021 |
Year
Ended
March
31, 2022 |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
$20,029 |
$20,697 |
$15,448 |
Income
Fund |
$11,017 |
$10,513 |
$4,071 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
– |
– |
– |
Balanced
Fund |
$74,755 |
$65,547 |
$71,078 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
– |
$48 |
– |
Small
Company Fund |
$198,100 |
$133,630 |
$136,033 |
|
* |
No
fees were waived during the last three fiscal
years. |
The Funds
may participate in “fund supermarkets” and other programs in which a third-party
financial intermediary maintains records of indirect beneficial ownership
interests in the Funds. These programs include any type of arrangement through
which investors have an indirect beneficial ownership interest in the Funds via
omnibus accounts, bank common or collective trust funds, employee benefit plans,
or similar arrangements (each a “financial intermediary account”). Under these
programs, the Company, on behalf of some or all of the Funds, may enter into the
shareholder servicing agreements with financial intermediaries under which
financial intermediaries provide transfer agency, administrative services, and
other services for the Funds. These services may include: shareholder record
set-up and maintenance, account statement preparation and mailing, transaction
processing and settlement, and account level tax reporting. For these services,
the Company may pay each financial intermediary (i) a fee based on average daily
net assets of each Fund that are invested in such Fund through the financial
intermediary account, and/or (ii) a fee per financial intermediary account,
and/or (iii) minimum account fees. To the extent any of these fees are paid by
the Funds under the Administrative Services Plan, they are included in the
amount appearing as “Other Expenses” in the expense fee tables contained in the
Prospectus. The financial intermediary may impose other account or service
charges to a Fund or directly to account holders. Please refer to information
provided by the financial intermediary for additional information regarding
those charges.
In addition,
the Advisers or Distributor may also provide additional compensation to such
Service Organizations, third-party financial intermediaries or their agents
directly or indirectly for such services. Compensation paid by the Advisers or
Distributor out of their own resources for such service is not reflected in the
fees and expenses outlined in the fee table for each Fund. For the 12 months
ended March 31, 2022, the following Service Organizations and third party
intermediaries received such additional compensation:
Ascensus,
Inc. |
MSCS
Financial Services LLC |
Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. |
National
Financial Services |
Fidelity
Brokerage Services, LLC |
Pershing,
LLC |
First
National Bank of Omaha |
Raymond
James & Associates, Inc. |
FNN
Trust Company, LLC |
UBS
Financial Services |
GWFS
Equites, Inc. |
US
Bank N.A. |
JP
Morgan Securities |
Vanguard
Marketing Corporation |
LPL
Financial LLC |
Wells
Fargo Clearing Services, LLC |
Merrill
Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
|
Custodian
U.S. Bank,
N.A. (the “Custodian”), located at 1155 N. Rivercenter Dr., MK-WI-S302,
Milwaukee, WI 53212, serves as the custodian to each of the Funds under a Global
Custody Agreement dated August 31, 2015 (the “Global Custody Agreement”). The
Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Funds’
cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, and
collecting interest on the Funds’ investments.
Transfer
Agency Services
DST Systems,
Inc., located at 333 West 11th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105, serves as Transfer
Agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Company under an Agency Agreement
dated July 1, 2005. Under this agreement, the Transfer Agent, among other
things, performs the following services in connection with each Fund’s
Shareholders of record: maintenance of Shareholder records; processing
Shareholder purchase and redemption orders; processing transfers and exchanges
of Shares of the Company on the Shareholder files and records; processing
dividend payments and reinvestments; and assistance in the mailing of
Shareholder reports and proxy solicitation materials.
Banking
Regulations
Before
November 1999, various judicial and administrative interpretations had
interpreted Federal law, including the Federal Glass-Steagall Act, as limiting
the mutual fund activities of certain banks and bank holding companies. The
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act was enacted in November 1999 and
effectively repealed the Glass-Steagall Act.
First
National and Tributary each believe that they possessed, prior to the repeal of
the Glass-Steagall Act, and continue to possess, the legal authority to perform
the services each provides to each of the Funds as described in (i) the
Prospectus and this SAI (with respect to First National and Tributary); (ii) the
Master Advisory Agreement and the Tributary Co-Administration Agreement (with
respect to Tributary); and (iii) the Servicing Agreement (with respect to First
National), without violation of applicable statutes and regulations. First
National and Tributary have each been advised by their respective counsel that
counsel believes that such laws should not prevent them from providing the
services required of them under these agreements. Future changes in either
Federal or state statutes and regulations relating to the permissible activities
of banks or bank holding companies and the subsidiaries or affiliates of those
entities, as well as further judicial or administrative decisions or
interpretations of present and future statutes and regulations, could prevent or
restrict First National or Tributary, as the case may be, from continuing to
perform such services for the Company. Depending upon the nature of any changes
in the services which could be provided by First National or Tributary, the
Board would review the Company’s relationship with such parties, and consider
taking all action necessary in the circumstances.
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
Cohen &
Company, Ltd. (“Cohen”), located at 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, OH
44115, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. Cohen
provides financial auditing services as well as certain tax return preparation
services for the Funds.
Legal
Counsel
Husch
Blackwell LLP, 13330 California Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68154, is counsel
to the Company.
Codes of
Ethics
Rule 17j-1
under the 1940 Act is designed to prevent abuses that could occur as a result of
conflicts of interest arising out of personal trading by persons involved with
or with access to information about a Fund’s investment activities. The Company,
Tributary, FNA, and the Distributor have each adopted Codes of Ethics regarding
personal investing by their personnel pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act.
Each Code of Ethics conditionally permits personnel of the foregoing parties to
invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by a
Fund.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
The Company
was organized as a Nebraska corporation on October 12, 1994. The Company and
four of its portfolios were organized to acquire the assets and continue the
business of the corresponding substantially identical investment portfolios of
The Sessions Group, an Ohio business trust. On April 10, 1995, the Company
acquired approximately $326 million of assets from The Sessions Group in return
for an equivalent dollar amount of Shares of the Company. Additional portfolios
have been added since then. Each Share of a Fund represents an equal
proportionate interest in that Fund with other Shares of the same Fund, and is
entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the
assets belonging to that Fund as are declared at the discretion of the
Board.
Organization
and Capital Structure
The Company
is authorized to issue a total of 1,000,000,000 Shares of common stock in series
with a par value of $.00001 per share. Four Hundred million (400,000,000) of
these Shares have been authorized by the Board to be issued in series designated
for the existing six Funds. The Board of Directors may re-allocate additional
Shares in series, or may divide the Shares of any existing or new series into
two or more subseries or classes, all without Shareholder approval. The Board
has authorized two classes of Shares for each Fund except the Nebraska Tax-Free
Fund – the Institutional Class and the Institutional Plus Class. As of the date
of this SAI, the Board has authorized the issuance of the following shares:
Fund |
Institutional
Class Shares |
Institutional
Plus Class Shares |
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
Income
Fund |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
N/A |
50,000,000 |
Balanced
Fund |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
Small
Company Fund |
50,000,000 |
50,000,000 |
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
All Shares,
when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable and will be redeemable and
freely transferable. All Shares have equal voting rights. They can be issued as
full or fractional Shares. A fractional Share has the same kind of rights and
privileges as a full Share on a pro-rata basis. The Shares possess no preemptive
or conversion rights.
Each Share
of a Fund has one vote (with proportionate voting for fractional Shares)
irrespective of the relative NAV of the Shares. On some issues, such as the
election of Directors, all Shares of a Fund vote together as one series.
Cumulative voting is authorized. This means that in a vote for the election of
Directors, Shareholders may multiply the number of Shares they own by the number
of directorships being filled and then allocate such votes to one or more
Directors. On issues affecting only a particular Fund, the Shares of the
affected Fund vote as a separate series. An example of such an issue would be a
fundamental investment restriction pertaining to only one Fund.
The Articles
of Incorporation of the Company permit the Company, by resolution of its Board,
to create new series of common Shares relating to new investment portfolios or
to subdivide existing series of Shares into subseries or classes. Classes can be
utilized to create differing expense and fee structures for investors in the
same Fund. Differences can exist, for example, in the sales load, Plan fees, or
Service Plan fees applicable to different classes of Shares offered by a
particular Fund. Such arrangements can enable the Company to tailor its
marketing efforts to a broader segment of the investing public with a goal of
attracting additional investments in the Funds. The Board could create
additional classes in the future without Shareholder approval. However, any such
creation of classes would require compliance with regulations the SEC has
adopted under the 1940 Act.
Shareholder
Meetings
It is
possible that the Company will not hold annual regular meetings of Shareholders.
Annual meetings of Shareholders will not be held unless called by the
Shareholders under the Nebraska Business Corporation Act or unless required by
the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Special
meetings of the Shareholders may be held, however, at any time and for any
purpose, if called by (i) the Chairman of the Board, the President, and two or
more Directors, or (ii) by one or more Shareholders holding 10% or more of the
Shares entitled to vote on matters presented to the meeting, if such
Shareholders comply with the requirements of the Nebraska Business Corporation
Act. Additionally, the local district court may summarily order that a special
meeting be held if it is properly demanded and either (y) insufficient notice
was given or (z) it was not held. In addition, the 1940 Act requires a
Shareholder vote for all amendments to fundamental investment policies,
investment advisory contracts, and amendments thereto.
Rule 18f-2
under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted to the
holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as
the Company will not be deemed to have been effectively acted
upon
unless
approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares of each Fund
affected by the matter. For purposes of determining whether the approval of a
majority of the outstanding Shares of a Fund will be required in connection with
a matter, a Fund will be deemed to be affected by a matter unless it is clear
that the interests of each Fund in the matter are identical, or that the matter
does not affect any interest of the Fund. Under Rule 18f-2, the approval of an
investment advisory agreement or any change in investment policy would be
effectively acted upon with respect to a Fund only if approved by a majority of
the outstanding Shares of such Fund. However, Rule 18f-2 also provides that the
ratification of independent public accountants, the approval of principal
underwriting contracts, and the election of Directors may be effectively acted
upon by Shareholders of the Company voting without regard to series.
Control
Persons and Principal Holders of Securities
As of July
5, 2022, the following persons were the only persons who were record owners (or
to the knowledge of the Company, beneficial owners) of 5% or more of the
Institutional Class Shares of the Funds and of 5% or more of the Institutional
Plus Class Shares of the Funds. Persons who owned of record or beneficially more
than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding Shares may be deemed to “control” the Fund
within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Company knows of no other persons who
may be deemed to control a Fund. Any person who may be deemed to control a Fund
may have the ability to control any proposal submitted to the Shareholders for
approval, including changes to such Fund’s fundamental policies or the terms of
the Advisory Agreements.
As of July
5, 2022, the following persons beneficially owned 5% or more of the shares of
the Fund(s) indicated below:
SHORT-INTERMEDIATE
BOND FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
NATIONAL
FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
499
WASHINGTON BLVD
JERSCITY
CITY, NJ 07310-1995 |
94,289
|
13.20%
|
TD
AMERITRADE FBO
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO
KUTAK
ROCK LLP 401K
5010 E
CALLE VENTURA
PHOENIX,
AZ 85018-4428 |
83,155
|
11.64%
|
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK CONSOLIDATION
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
80,195
|
11.23%
|
TD
AMERITRADE FBO
JO
BASS ROLLOVER IRA
311 S
HAPPY HOLLOW BLVD
OMAHA,
NE 68132-3431 |
47,070
|
6.59%
|
SHORT-INTERMEDIATE
BOND FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
BMO HARRIS BANK NA
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
14,712,607
|
62.80%
|
VOYA
INSTITUTIONAL TRUST COMPANY
FBO
VIPS II 30 BRAINTREE HILL OFFICE PARK BRAINTREE, MA
02184-8747 |
1,422,021
|
6.07%
|
INCOME
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK CONSOLIDATION I
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
145,339
|
50.04%
|
UBATCO
& CO FBO LAMSON DUGAN SLF DI
6811 S
27TH ST
LINCOLN,
NE 68512-4823 |
52,606
|
18.11%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA
ROTH
CONVERTED IRA
13804
CUMING ST
OMAHA,
NE 68154-5196 |
16,594
|
5.71%
|
INCOME FUND – INSTITUTIONAL
PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY ATTN MF
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
12,640,287
|
68.66%
|
NEBRASKA TAX-FREE FUND –
INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
4,525,702
|
68.46%
|
BALANCED
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
CHARLES
SCHWAB & CO INC
ATTN
MUTUAL FUNDS
211
MAIN ST
SAN
FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
211,619
|
12.11%
|
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK CONSOLIDATION I
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
118,063
|
6.75%
|
NATIONAL
FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
499
WASHINGTON BLVD
JERSCITY
CITY, NJ 07310-1995 |
109,132
|
6.24%
|
BALANCED
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
STEAMFITTERS
LOCAL UNION #464
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
978,478
|
41.11%
|
VOYA
INSTITUTIONAL TRUST COMPANY
FBO
VIPS II
30
BRAINTREE HILL OFFICE PARK
BRAINTREE,
MA 02184-8747 |
969,734
|
40.74%
|
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 54304-5280 |
365,663
|
15.36%
|
SMALL/MID
CAP FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
HAROLD
B. KOSOWSKY & ALICE K. KOSOWSKY JTWROS
OMAHA,
NE 68124-1095 |
7,460
|
26.93%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA CUST
IRA
R/O FBO
NANCY
F. CURRAN
OMAHA
NE 68135-1424 |
7,253
|
26.19%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA CUST
ALICE
K. KOSOWSKY IRA
OMAHA,
NE 68124-1095 |
3,469
|
12.53%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA CUST
HAROLD
B. KOSOWSKY IRA
OMAHA,
NE 68124-1095 |
2,607
|
9.41%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA CUST
ROTH
CONTRIBUTION IRA
FBO
JEROME TONNESON
LENEXA,
KS 66219-1435 |
2,488
|
8.98%
|
SMALL/MID
CAP FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
308,247
|
63.76%
|
CHARLES
SCHWAB & CO INC
SPECIAL
CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS
211
MAIN ST
SAN
FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
137,346
|
28.41%
|
SMALL
COMPANY FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
CHARLES
SCHWAB & CO INC
211
MAIN ST
SAN
FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
658,983
|
38.35%
|
SMALL
COMPANY FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
SAXON
& CO
PO BOX
94597
CLEVELAND,
OH 44101-4597 |
4,886,890
|
23.76%
|
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
2,381,716
|
11.58%
|
WELLS
FARGO BANK NA FBO
OMNIBUS
CASH
PO BOX
1533
MINNEAPOLIS,
MN 55480-1533 |
1,967,205
|
9.56%
|
JP
MORGAN SECURITIES LLC OMNIBUS
ACCOUNT
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS
4
CHASE METROTECH CTR
3RD
FLOOR MUTUAL FUND DEPARTMENT
BROOKLYN,
NY 11245-0001 |
1,917,575
|
9.32%
|
WELLS
FARGO CLEARING SERVICES LLC
SPECIAL
CUSTODY ACCT FOR
THE
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMER
2801
MARKET ST
SAINT
LOUIS, MO 63103-2523 |
1,323,005
|
6.43%
|
C/O
UMB BANK
SEI
PROIVATE TRUST CO
ONEW
FREEDOM VALEY DRIVE
OAKS,
PA 19456-9989 |
1,186,824
|
5.77%
|
As of July
5, 2022, the following persons beneficially owned more than 25% of the shares of
the Fund(s) indicated below:
SHORT-INTERMEDIATE
BOND FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
BMO HARRIS BANK NA
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
14,712,607
|
62.80%
|
INCOME
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK CONSOLIDATION I
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
145,339
|
50.04%
|
INCOME
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY ATTN MF
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
12,640,287
|
68.66%
|
NEBRASKA
TAX-FREE FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
4,525,702 |
68.46% |
BALANCED
FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
ASCENSUS
TRUST CO FBO
STEAMFITTERS
LOCAL UNION #464
PO BOX
10758
FARGO,
ND 58106-0758 |
978,478
|
41.11%
|
VOYA
INSTITUTIONAL TRUST COMPANY
FBO
VIPS II
30
BRAINTREE HILL OFFICE PARK
BRAINTREE,
MA 02184-8747 |
969,734
|
40.74%
|
SMALL/MID
CAP FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
HAROLD
B. KOSOWSKY & ALICE K. KOSOWSKY JTWROS
OMAHA,
NE 68124-1095 |
7,460
|
26.93%
|
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA CUST
IRA
R/O FBO
NANCY
F. CURRAN
OMAHA
NE 68135-1424 |
7,253
|
26.19%
|
SMALL/MID
CAP FUND – INSTITUTIONAL PLUS CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
MARIL
& CO FBO NG
C/O
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY
4900 W
BROWN DEER RD
MILWAUKEE,
WI 53223-2422 |
308,247
|
63.76%
|
CHARLES
SCHWAB & CO INC
SPECIAL
CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS
211
MAIN ST
SAN
FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
137,346
|
28.41%
|
SMALL
COMPANY FUND – INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Shareholder |
Number
of Shares |
Percent
of Class |
CHARLES
SCHWAB & CO INC
211
MAIN ST
SAN
FRANCISCO, CA 94105-1905 |
658,983
|
38.35%
|
Vote of a
Majority of the Outstanding Shares
As used in
the Prospectus and this SAI, a “vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares” of
a Fund means the affirmative vote, at a meeting of Shareholders duly called, of
the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the votes of Shareholders of such Fund present
at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the votes attributable to
Shareholders of record of that Fund are represented in person or by proxy, or
(ii) the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of that
Fund.
Additional
Tax Information
The
following discussion is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income
tax considerations applicable to the Funds and to an investment in the Funds by
a U.S. shareholder. This summary does not purport to be a complete description
of the income tax considerations applicable to such an investment. For example,
the following does not describe income tax consequences that are assumed to be
generally known by U.S. shareholders or certain considerations that may be
relevant to certain types of U.S. shareholders subject to special treatment
under U.S. federal income tax laws, including tax-exempt organizations,
insurance companies, dealers in securities, pension plans and trusts and
financial institutions. This summary assumes that U.S. shareholders hold Shares
as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code). The discussion is based upon
the Code, Treasury regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations,
each as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, possibly
retroactively, which could affect the continuing validity of this discussion.
This summary does not discuss any aspects of U.S. estate or gift tax or foreign,
state, or local tax and does not discuss any tax consequences to investors that
are not U.S. shareholders. Furthermore, this discussion generally does not
reflect possible application of the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”).
Each of the
Funds is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes and each
intends to qualify as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under Subchapter
M of the Code, for so long as such qualification is in the best interest of such
Fund’s Shareholders. Qualification as a RIC under the Code requires, among other
things, that the regulated investment company distribute to its Shareholders at
least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment
income plus the excess if any, of net short-term capital gains over long-term
capital losses). Furthermore, distributions of net realized capital gains, if
any, will be distributed at least annually, to the extent they exceed available
capital loss carryforwards. In addition, in order to qualify as a RIC, the
following source-of-income and asset-diversification requirements must be met:
(i) at least 90% of a Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the
sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and
certain other related income, including, generally, certain gains from options,
futures and forward contracts derived with respect to its business of investing
in such stock, securities, or currencies, and net income derived from an
interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership; (ii) at the end of each
fiscal quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s
total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government
securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other
securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than
5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets or more than 10% of the outstanding
voting securities of such issuer; and (iii) at the end of each fiscal quarter of
a Fund’s taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is
invested in (x) the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or
securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (y) the securities of two or more
issuers that a Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, or similar, or
related trades or businesses or (z) the securities of one or more qualified
publicly traded partnerships.
Each Fund
contemplates declaring as dividends 100% of its investment company taxable
income (before deduction of dividends paid). In order to avoid the imposition of
an excise tax, each Fund is required to distribute annually, prior to calendar
year end, 98% of taxable net ordinary income on a calendar year basis, 98.2% of
capital gain net income realized in the 12 months preceding October 31, and the
balance of undistributed taxable ordinary income and capital gain net income
from the prior calendar year. If distributions during the calendar year were
less than the required amounts, that Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4%
excise tax on the deficiency. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions
to avoid liability for federal excise tax, but can make no assurances that such
tax will be completely eliminated. A Fund may in certain circumstances be
required to liquidate its investments in order to make sufficient distributions
to avoid federal excise tax liability at a time when the Adviser might not
otherwise have chosen to do so, and liquidation of investments in
such
circumstances
may affect the ability of a Fund to satisfy the requirement for qualification as
a RIC. If a Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains
realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in
the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to the
Shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable,
but will reduce each Shareholder’s cost basis in a Fund and result in a higher
reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those Shares on which
the distribution was received are sold.
Although
each Fund expects to qualify as a RIC and to be relieved of all or substantially
all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states
and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or
independent contractors are located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be
conducting business, a Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or
localities. In addition, although the Regulated Investment Company Modernization
Act of 2010 (the “Act”) allows cures, through the payment of monetary penalties,
for failure to satisfy either the RIC qualifying income or diversification
requirements, if for any taxable year that a Fund does not qualify for the
special tax treatment afforded RICs, all of its taxable income will be subject
to federal tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for
distributions to its Shareholders) and its distributions (including capital gain
distributions) generally will be taxed as dividends to Shareholders. In such
event, dividend distributions would be taxable to Shareholders to the extent of
earnings and profits, and corporate Shareholders would be eligible for the
dividends received deduction. Non-corporate Shareholders may be able to treat
such dividend distributions as “qualified dividend income” eligible for reduced
rates of U.S. federal income taxation provided in each case that certain holding
period and other requirements are satisfied.
For taxable
years that begin after December 31, 2012, an additional 3.8% Medicare tax is
imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and
capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions
or other taxable dispositions of Fund Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and
trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the
case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or
trust) exceeds a threshold amount.
Foreign
taxes may be imposed on a Fund by foreign countries with respect to its income
from foreign securities. In addition, some foreign countries may impose taxes on
capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors. If more than 50%
of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists
of securities of foreign corporations, that Fund will be eligible to file an
election with the IRS that will enable its Shareholders, in effect, to receive
the benefit of the foreign tax credit with respect to any foreign and United
States possessions income taxes paid by that Fund. Because less than 50% in
value of a Fund’s total assets at the end of its fiscal year are expected to be
invested in stocks or securities of foreign corporations, such Fund will not be
entitled under the Code to pass through to its Shareholders their pro-rata share
of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. These taxes will be taken as a deduction
by such Fund.
Each Fund
will be required in certain cases to backup withhold at applicable withholding
rates and remit to the United States Treasury the amount withheld on amounts
paid to any Shareholder who (i) has provided either an incorrect tax
identification number or no number at all, (ii) who is subject to withholding by
the IRS for failure to properly include on their return payments of interest or
dividends, (iii) who has failed to certify to the Fund such Shareholder is not
subject to backup withholding, or (iv) has failed to certify to the Fund that
they are a U.S. person (including a resident alien). Backup withholding is not
an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be
refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any,
provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
A Fund may
invest in complex securities that may be subject to numerous special and complex
tax rules such as MLPs or Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (“TIPS”).
These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are
treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income
to a Fund and/or defer a Fund’s ability to recognize losses. In turn, those
rules may affect the amount, timing, or character of the income distributed to
you by a Fund.
Distributions
paid by a Fund from its investment company taxable income, which includes
realized net short-term capital gain, generally are taxable to U.S. shareholders
as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits, whether
paid in cash or in Shares. Such distributions (if designated by the Fund) may
qualify (provided holding period and certain other requirements are met) (i) for
the dividends received deduction available to corporations, but only to the
extent that a Fund’s income consists of dividends received from U.S.
corporations, excluding distributions from REITs and certain other entities and
(ii) in the case of non-corporate U.S. shareholders, as qualified dividend
income eligible to be taxed at the reduced maximum rate of generally 20% (0% or
15% for such shareholders in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the Fund
receives qualified dividend income, and provided in each case certain holding
period and other requirements are met. Qualified dividend income is, in general,
dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign
corporations (e.g., generally, foreign corporations incorporated in a
possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax
treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States). A qualified foreign
corporation generally excludes any foreign corporation which
for the
taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding
taxable year, is a passive foreign investment company.
Distributions
of a Fund’s net capital gain (which generally is its realized net long-term
capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses), properly
designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends, if any, are taxable to U.S.
shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gain, whether paid in cash
or in Shares, and regardless of how long the U.S. shareholder held the Fund’s
Shares. Capital gain dividends are not eligible for the dividends received
deduction. The maximum tax rate on net capital gain of non-corporate U.S.
shareholders is generally 20% (0% or 15% for such non-corporate shareholders in
lower brackets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits,
which represents a “return of invested principal,” first reduce the adjusted tax
basis of a U.S. Shareholder’s Shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is
reduced to zero, constitutes capital gain to such U.S. stockholder (assuming the
stockholder’s Fund Shares are held as a capital asset). For non-corporate
taxpayers, distributions of investment company taxable income (other than
qualified dividend income) may currently be taxed at a maximum federal rate of
37%, while net capital gain generally will be taxed at a maximum federal rate of
20%. For corporate taxpayers, both investment company taxable income and net
capital gain are taxed at a maximum federal rate of 21%. To the extent that a
distribution from a Fund is taxable, it is generally included in a Shareholder’s
gross income for the taxable year in which the Shareholder receives the
distribution. However, if a Fund declares a dividend in October, November, or
December but pays it in January, it will be taxable to the Shareholders as if
the dividend was received in the calendar year it was declared. Every year, each
Shareholder will receive a statement detailing the tax status of any Fund
distributions for that year.
As noted in
its prospectus, the Nebraska Tax-Free Fund intends to pay income exempt from
both federal and Nebraska income tax and will not invest more than 10% of its
assets in the types of municipal securities that pay interest subject to
alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). Income derived from certain “private activity
bonds” issued after August 7, 1986, will generally be an item of tax preference
and therefore potentially subject to the AMT for both corporate and
non-corporate taxpayers as provided by Section 55 of the Internal Revenue
Code.
Any gain or
loss recognized on a sale, exchange, or redemption of Shares by a Shareholder
who is not a dealer in securities will generally, for individual Shareholders,
be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for
more than twelve months and otherwise will be treated as a short-term capital
gain or loss. However, if Shares on which a Shareholder has received a net
capital gain distribution are subsequently sold, exchanged, or redeemed and such
Shares have been held for six months or less, any loss recognized will be
treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the net capital gain
distribution. In addition, the loss realized on a sale or other disposition of
Shares will be disallowed to the extent a Shareholder repurchases (or enters
into a contract to or option to repurchase) Shares of the same Fund within a
period of 61 days (beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the
disposition of the Shares). This loss disallowance rule will apply to Shares
received through the reinvestment of dividends during the 61-day period. The
disallowed loss will be added to the cost basis of the new Shares
acquired.
Under the
Act “each Fund is permitted to carry forward capital losses for an unlimited
period and retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital
losses, and will not be considered exclusively short-term as under previous law.
However, any losses incurred during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 or
later years will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred prior
to the Act. As a result of this ordering rule, capital loss carry forwards
incurred prior to the Act may be more likely to expire unused.
At March 31,
2022, the following Funds had net capital loss carry forwards available for U.S.
federal income tax purposes to offset future net realized capital gains. Details
of the capital loss carry forwards are listed in the table below.
|
|
|
No
Expiration |
|
Fund |
|
|
Short
Term |
|
|
Long
Term |
|
|
Total |
|
Short-Intermediate
Bond Fund |
|
|
$ |
754,290 |
|
|
$ |
1,610,722 |
|
|
$ |
2,365,012 |
|
Income
Fund |
|
|
$ |
1,067,483 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
1,067,483 |
|
Nebraska
Tax-Free Fund |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Balanced
Fund |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Small/Mid
Cap Fund |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Small
Company Fund |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
State
Taxes
Distributions
by a Fund to Shareholders and the ownership of Shares may be subject to state
and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains
distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal
income
taxation
described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax adviser regarding
state and local tax rules affecting an investment in Fund Shares.
Many states
grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct
obligations of the U.S. government, subject in some states to minimum investment
requirements that must be met by a Fund. Investment in Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae
securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by U.S. government securities do not generally qualify for such
tax-fee treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for
corporate Shareholders.
Information
in the Prospectus and this SAI relating to federal taxation is only a summary of
some of the important federal tax considerations generally affecting purchasers
of Shares. No attempt has been made to present a detailed explanation of the
federal income tax treatment of a Fund or its Shareholders and this discussion
is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, potential
purchasers of Shares are urged to consult their tax advisers with specific
reference to their own tax situation. In addition, the tax discussion in the
Prospectus and this SAI is based on tax laws and regulations which are in effect
on the date of the Prospectus and this SAI; such laws and regulations may be
changed by legislative or administrative action.
Miscellaneous
The
Prospectus and this SAI omit certain of the information contained in the
Company’s Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such information
may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.
The
Prospectus and this SAI are not an offering of the securities herein described
in any state in which such offering may not lawfully be made. No salesman,
dealer, or other person is authorized to give any information or make any
representation other than those contained in the Prospectus and this
SAI.
Financial
Statements
The
following audited financial statements for all Funds are contained in the Funds’
Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and considered legally
part of, this SAI. The financial statements and related report of the Funds’
independent registered public accounting firm included in the Funds’ annual
report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 are incorporated by reference
into this SAI. Copies of the Annual Report may be obtained, free of charge, by
writing to the Company at P.O. Box 219022, Kansas City, MO 64141-6022, or by
telephoning toll free (800) 662-4203.
|
1. |
Schedules
of Portfolio Investments as of March 31, 2022 |
|
2. |
Statements
of Assets and Liabilities as of March 31, 2022 |
|
3. |
Statements
of Operations for the period ended March 31,
2022 |
|
4. |
Statements
of Changes in Net Assets for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and
2021 |
|
6. |
Notes
to Financial Statements |
|
7. |
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm |
APPENDIX
A
Investment
Grade Debt Securities. As stated in the Prospectus, each Fund may invest in debt
securities rated at purchase Baa3 or better by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
(“Moody’s”), or the equivalent rating or better by nationally recognized
statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), or if unrated, considered by the
Fund’s Adviser to be of comparable quality (“Investment Grade Debt Securities”).
The Short-Intermediate Bond Fund and the Income Fund may invest up to 20% of
their assets in fixed income securities rated below “Investment Grade,” but no
lower than a B rating by an NRSRO at the time of purchase. The Balanced Fund may
invest up to 20% of the fixed income portion of the Fund in fixed income
securities rated below “investment grade,” but not lower than a B rating by an
NRSRO at the time of purchase.
As with
other fixed-income securities, Investment Grade Debt Securities are subject to
credit risk and market risk. Market risk relates to changes in a security’s
value as a result of changes in interest rates. Credit risk relates to the
ability of the issuer to make payments of principal and interest. Because
certain Investment Grade Securities are traded only in markets where the number
of potential purchasers and sellers, if any, is limited, the ability of a Fund
to sell such securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests
or to respond to changes in the financial markets may be limited. Particular
types of Investment Grade Debt Securities may present special concerns. Some
Investment Grade Debt Securities may be subject to redemption or call provisions
that may limit increases in market value that might otherwise result from lower
interest rates while increasing the risk that a Fund may be required to reinvest
redemption or call proceeds during a period of relatively low interest
rates.
The credit
ratings issued by NRSROs are subject to various limitations. For example, while
such ratings evaluate credit risk, they ordinarily do not evaluate the market
risk of Investment Grade Debt Securities. In certain circumstances, the ratings
may not reflect in a timely fashion adverse developments affecting an issuer.
For these reasons, the Advisers conduct their own independent credit analysis of
Investment Grade Debt Securities. Should subsequent events cause the rating of a
debt security purchased by one of the Funds to fall below the fourth highest
rating category, as the case may be, the Fund’s Adviser will consider such an
event in determining whether that Fund should continue to hold that security.
The Advisers expect that they would not retain more than 5% of the assets of any
Fund in such downgraded securities. In no event, however, would that Fund be
required to liquidate any such portfolio security where the Fund should suffer a
loss on the sale of such securities.
Commercial
Paper Ratings. Moody’s commercial paper rating reflects opinions of the ability
of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations which have an original
maturity not exceeding one year. The rating Prime1 is the highest commercial
paper rating assigned by Moody’s. Issuers rated Prime1 (or supporting
institutions) are considered to have a superior capacity for repayment of senior
short-term debt obligations. Prime1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by
many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well
established industries; high rates of return on funds employed; conservative
capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset
protection; broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and
high internal cash generation; and well-established access to a range of
financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. Issuers rated
Prime2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of
senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of
the characteristics of Prime1 rated issuers, but to a lesser degree. Earnings
trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variations.
Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by
external conditions. Ample alternative liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated
Prime3 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of
senior short-term debt obligations. The effects of industry characteristics and
market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and
profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements
and the requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate
liquidity is maintained. Commercial paper rated Prime3, Prime2, or Prime1 by
Moody’s is considered to be “investment grade.”
Commercial
paper rated F1+ by Fitch Inc. (“Fitch”) is regarded as having the strongest
degree of assurance for timely payments. Commercial paper rated F1 by Fitch is
regarded as having an assurance of timely payment only slightly less than the
strongest rating, i.e., F1+. Commercial paper rated F2 by Fitch is
regarded as having a satisfactory degree of assurance of timely payment, but the
margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F1+ or F1 ratings.
Commercial paper rated F1+, F1, or F2 by Fitch is considered to be “investment
grade.” While commercial paper rated F3 by Fitch is regarded as having
characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is
adequate, and is considered “investment grade,” near-term adverse changes could
cause this commercial paper to be rated below “investment grade.” Commercial
paper rated FS by Fitch is regarded as having characteristics suggesting a
minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and is vulnerable to near term
adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. Commercial paper rated D
by Fitch is in actual or imminent payment default.
The plus (+)
sign is used after a rating symbol to designate the relative position of an
issuer within the rating category.
Corporate
Debt Ratings. The following summarizes the four highest ratings used by Moody’s
for corporate debt. Bonds that are rated Aaa by Moody’s are judged to be of the
best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are
generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a
large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues. Bonds that are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what are generally known
as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Bonds that are rated A by Moody’s possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Bonds that are rated Baa by Moody’s are considered as medium grade obligations,
i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest
payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain
protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over
any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics
and in fact have speculative characteristics as well. Corporate debt rated Baa,
A, Aa, and Aaa by Moody’s is considered to be “investment grade” corporate
debt.
Moody’s
applies numerical modifiers (1, 2, and 3) with respect to bonds rated Aa through
Baa. The modifier 1 indicates that the bond being rated ranks in the higher end
of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a midrange ranking; and
the modifier 3 indicates that the bond ranks in the lower end of its generic
rating category.
The
following summarizes the four highest long-term debt ratings by Fitch (except
for AAA ratings, plus or minus signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate
the relative position of the credit within the rating category). Bonds rated AAA
are considered to be of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an
exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is
unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events. Bonds rated AA are
considered to be of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay
interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as
bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not
significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of
these issues is generally rated F-1+. Bonds rated as A are considered to be of
high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal
is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in
economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings. Bonds
rated BBB are considered to be of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s
ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate.
Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more
likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings for these bonds will fall below
“investment grade” is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
Municipal Obligations
Ratings
The
following summarizes the three highest ratings used by Moody’s for state and
municipal short-term obligations. Obligations bearing MIG1 or VMIG1 designations
are of the best quality, enjoying strong protection by established cash flows,
superior liquidity support, or demonstrated broadbased access to the market for
refinancing. Obligations rated MIG2 or VMIG2 denote high quality with ample
margins of protection although not so large as in the preceding rating group.
Obligations bearing MIG3 or VMIG3 denote favorable quality. All security
elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the
preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market
access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
The
following summarizes the four highest ratings used by Moody’s for state and
municipal bonds:
“Aaa”: Bonds
judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment
risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are
protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is
secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes
as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong
position of such issues.
“Aa”: Bonds
judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they
comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than
the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as
large as in
Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude
or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
“A”: Bonds
which possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as
upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and
interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a
susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
“Baa”: Bonds
which are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither
highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security
appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking
or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such
bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative
characteristics as well.
Definitions of Certain Money Market
Instruments
Commercial
Paper. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper normally have maturities of less than
nine months and fixed rates of return.
Certificates
of Deposit. Certificates of Deposit are negotiable certificates issued
against funds deposited in a commercial bank or a savings and loan association
for a definite period of time and earning a specified return.
Bankers’
Acceptances. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on
maturity.
U.S.
Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury Obligations are obligations issued or
guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit
of the U.S. government. These obligations may include Treasury bills, notes and
bonds, and issues of agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government,
provided such obligations are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest
by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S.
Government Agency and Instrumentality Obligations. Obligations of the U.S.
government include Treasury bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and
bonds, and issues of agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government, such
as the Government National Mortgage Association, the Tennessee Valley Authority,
the Farmers Home Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal
Intermediate Credit Banks, the Federal Farm Credit Banks, the Federal Land
Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, the Federal National Mortgage
Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Some of these
obligations, such as those of the Government National Mortgage Association, are
supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as
those of the Federal National Mortgage Association, are supported by the right
of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal
Farm Credit Banks, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support
to U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
APPENDIX
B
PROXY VOTING
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Proxy
Voting Policies and Procedures of Tributary Funds, Inc.
It is the
policy of the Board of Directors of Tributary Funds, Inc. (the “Board”) to
delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities
to each investment adviser as a part of the adviser’s general management of the
portfolio, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The following are the
guidelines adopted by the Board for the administration of this
policy:
Fiduciary
Duty. The right to vote a proxy with respect to portfolio securities held in
portfolios of Tributary Funds, Inc. (the “Funds”) is an asset of the Funds. Each
adviser/sub-adviser to whom authority to vote on behalf of the Funds is
delegated acts as a fiduciary of the Funds and must vote proxies in a manner
consistent with the best interest of the Funds and its shareholders.
Review of
Policies & Procedures. Each adviser must present to the Board its policies,
procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies at least annually, and must
notify the Board promptly of material changes to any of these documents. The
Board shall review the policies, procedures and other guidelines presented by
each adviser to determine that they meet the requirements of this
policy.
Reporting.
The adviser’s annual proxy report must include a separate report of proxies with
respect to which the adviser or its affiliates have a relationship with the
companies issuing the proxy that gives rise to a conflict of interest between
the adviser and the Funds. The report must indicate the nature of the conflict
of interest between the adviser and the Funds and how that conflict was resolved
with respect to the voting of the proxy.
Sub-Advisers.
The adviser may, but is not required to, further delegate the responsibility for
voting proxies relating to portfolio securities to a sub-adviser retained to
provide investment advisory services to portfolios of the Funds. If such
responsibility is delegated to a sub-adviser, the sub-adviser shall assume the
reporting responsibilities of the adviser under these policy
guidelines.
Record
Retention. Each adviser/sub-adviser will maintain such records with respect to
the voting of proxies as may be required by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940,
as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder or by the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder.
Revocation.
The delegation of authority by the Board to vote proxies relating to portfolio
securities of the Funds is voluntary and may be revoked by the Board, in whole
or in part, at any time.
Tributary
Capital Management, LLC
Proxy
Voting
Policy
Tributary,
as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, has responsibility for
voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic
interests of the clients. Our Firm maintains written policies and procedures as
to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes
appropriate disclosures about our Firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our
policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions,
receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest
as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies
for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required
records.
Background
Proxy voting
is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be
undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely
exercised.
Investment
advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with
respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act
to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably
designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of
clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may
arise between an adviser’s interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose
to clients
how they may
obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for
their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting
policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and
(d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser’s proxy voting activities
when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.
Responsibility
The Director
of Operations has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of
our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including
outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.
Procedure
Tributary
has adopted procedures to implement the Firm’s policy and reviews to monitor and
ensure the Firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or
updated, as appropriate, which include the following:
Voting
Procedures
Unless
otherwise directed, Tributary votes proxies on the client’s behalf. In order to
meet this fiduciary responsibility and to avoid conflicts of interest, Tributary
has hired an independent, third party service provider (Glass Lewis &
Company) to review all proxy voting matters and offer a recommendation.
Tributary has adopted procedures to implement the Firm’s policy and reviews to
monitor and ensure the Firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and
amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:
|
• |
The
holdings of each client account are linked to Tributary’s Proxy Edge ID.
Tributary monitors Proxy Edge for upcoming proxy votes. All votes are
populated by Glass Lewis. Portfolio Managers review each vote and if they
wish to deviate from the Glass Lewis Guidelines, the vote is manually
updated. All proxy votes are completed in a timely and appropriate
manner. |
|
• |
If the
client’s custodian is unable to send the holdings to Proxy Edge, the
Director of Operations will receive and vote these proxies manually
according to the Voting Guidelines below unless otherwise directed by the
Portfolio Manager; |
|
• |
The
CCO or designee will perform tests at least annually to determine if the
Firm has established effective proxy voting policies and procedures. The
testing will include, among other things, whether proxies are being
received and voted in a timely manner and whether votes are being cast
according to the proxy policy. |
Disclosure
|
• |
The
CCO will include a statement in the Disclosure Document that clients may
request information regarding how Tributary voted client proxies, and that
clients may request a copy of the Firm’s proxy policies and
procedures. |
Client
Requests for Information
|
• |
All
client requests for information regarding proxy votes, or policies and
procedures, received by any Supervised Person should be forwarded to the
Director of Operations. |
|
• |
In
response to any request, the Director of Operations will prepare a written
response to the client with the information requested, and as applicable
will include the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how
Tributary voted the client’s proxy with respect to each proposal about
which client inquired. |
Conflicts
of Interest
|
• |
Tributary
will identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the
adviser and the client by reviewing the relationship of Tributary with the
issuer of each security to determine if Tributary or any of its Supervised
Persons has any financial, business or personal relationship with the
issuer. |
|
• |
If a
material confllict of interest exists, Tributary will determine whether it
is appropriate to disclose the confllict to the affected clients, to give
the clients an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address
the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner
consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent
third party voting recommendation. |
|
• |
Tributary
will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any confllict of
interest. |
Recordkeeping
Tributary
shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the Books and
Records policy.
Glass
Lewis Voting Guidelines
Election
of Directors
In analyzing
directors and boards, Glass Lewis’ Investment Manager Guidelines generally
support the election of incumbent directors except when a majority of the
company’s directors are not independent or where directors fail to attend at
least 75% of board and committee meetings. In a contested election, we will
apply the standard Glass Lewis recommendation.
Auditors
The Glass
Lewis Investment Manager Guidelines will generally support auditor ratification
except when the non-audit fees exceed the audit fees paid to the
auditor.
Compensation
Glass Lewis
recognizes the importance in designing appropriate executive compensation plans
that truly reward pay for performance. We evaluate equity compensations plans
based upon their specific features and will vote against plans that would result
in total overhang greater than 20% or that allow the repricing of options
without shareholder approval.
The Glass
Lewis Investment Manager Guidelines will follow the general Glass Lewis
recommendation when voting on management advisory votes on compensations
(”say-on-pay“) and on executive compensation arrangements in connection with
merger transactions (i.e., golden parachutes). Further, the Investment Manager
Guidelines will follow the Glass Lewis recommendation when voting on the
preferred frequency of advisor compensation votes.
Authorized
Shares
Having
sufficient available authorized shares allows management to avail itself of
rapidly developing opportunities as well as to effectively operate the business.
However, we believe that for significant transactions management should seek
shareholder approval to justify the use of additional shares. Therefore
shareholders should not approve the creation of a large pool of unallocated
shares without some rational of the purpose of such shares. Accordingly, where
we find that the company has not provided an appropriate plan for use of the
proposed shares, or where the number of shares far exceeds those needed to
accomplish a detailed plan, we typically vote against the authorization of
additional shares. We also vote against the creation of or increase in (i) blank
check preferred shares and (ii) dual or multiple class
capitalizations.
Shareholder
Rights
Glass Lewis
Investment Manager Guidelines will generally support proposals increasing or
enhancing shareholder rights such as declassifying the board, allowing
shareholders to call a special meeting, eliminating supermajority voting and
adopting majority voting for the election of directors. Similarly, the
Investment Manager Guidelines will generally vote against proposals to eliminate
or reduce shareholder rights.
Mergers/Acquisitions
Glass Lewis
undertakes a thorough examination of the economic implications of a proposed
merger or acquisition to determine the transaction’s likelihood of maximizing
shareholder return. We examine the process used to negotiate the transaction as
well as the terms of the transaction in making our voting
recommendation.
Shareholder
Proposals
We review
and vote on shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. We recommend
supporting shareholder proposals if the requested action would increase
shareholder value, mitigate risk or enhance shareholder rights but generally
recommend voting against those that would not ultimately impact
performance.
Governance
The Glass
Lewis Investment Manager Guidelines will support reasonable initiatives that
seek to enhance shareholder rights, such as the introduction of majority voting
to elect directors, elimination in/reduction of supermajority provisions, the
declassification of the board and requiring the submission of shareholder
rights’ plans to a shareholder vote. The guidelines generally support
reasonable, well-targeted proposals to allow increased shareholder participation
at shareholder meetings through the ability to call special meetings and ability
for shareholders to nominate director candidates to a company’s board of
directors. However, the Investment Manager Guidelines will vote against
proposals to require separating the roles of CEO and chair.
Compensation
The Glass
Lewis Investment Manager Guidelines will generally oppose any shareholder
proposals seeking to limit compensation in amount or design. However, the
guidelines will vote for reasonable and properly-targeted shareholder
initiatives such as to require shareholder approval to reprice options, to link
pay with performance, to eliminate or require shareholder approval of golden
coffins, to allow a shareholder vote on excessive golden parachutes (i.e.,
greater than 2.99 times annual compensation) and to clawback unearned bonuses.
The Investment Manager Guidelines will vote against requiring companies to allow
shareholders an advisory compensation vote.
Environment
Glass Lewis’
Investment Manager Guidelines vote against proposals seeking to cease a certain
practice or take certain action related to a company’s activities or operations
with environmental. Further, the Glass Lewis’ Investment Manager Guidelines
generally vote against proposals regarding enhanced environment disclosure and
reporting, including those seeking sustainability reporting and disclosure about
company’s greenhouse gas emissions, as well as advocating compliance with
international environmental conventions and adherence to environmental
principles like those promulgated by CERES.
Social
Glass Lewis’
Investment Manager Guidelines generally oppose proposals requesting companies
adhere to labor or worker treatment codes of conduct, such as those espoused by
the International Labor Organization, relating to labor standards, human rights
conventions and corporate responsibility at large conventions and principles.
The guidelines will also vote against proposals seeking disclosure concerning
the rights of workers, impact on local stakeholders, workers’ rights and human
rights in general. Furthermore, the Investment Manager Guidelines oppose
increased reporting and review of a company’s political and charitable spending
as well as its lobbying practices.
First
National Advisers
Proxy
Voting
Policy
First
National Advisers, LLC, as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to the Funds
and their shareholders, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio
securities consistent with the best interests of the Fund shareholders. Our firm
maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting
and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm's
proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the
responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and
disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information
available to Tributary Capital Management (Tributary) about the voting of
proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required
records.
Background
Proxy voting
is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be
undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely
exercised.
Investment
advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with
respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act
to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably
designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of
clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may
arise between an adviser's interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose
to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the
voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of
its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to
its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy
voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.
The SEC
issued guidance, effective September 2019, concerning the proxy voting
responsibilities of investment advisers particularly where they use the services
of a proxy advisory firm. Supplemental SEC guidance followed in July 2020 that
provides further examples of what investment advisers should consider when
relying on a proxy advisory firm
Responsibility
The Chief
Compliance Officer has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring
of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and recordkeeping
Procedure
The Chief
Compliance Officer has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring
of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and recordkeeping
Voting
Procedure
|
• |
The
FNA Committee has elected to utilize an independent third party (who is
contracted by FNBO through Broadridge), Glass Lewis & Company (Glass
Lewis), to vote proxies according to a set of predetermined proxy voting
guidelines. The Portfolio Managers, however, may choose to override any
Glass Lewis proxy vote that they do not believe is in the best interest of
the Fund shareholders. The Portfolio Manager that overrides a vote will
provide a copy of all documentation that memorializes the decision to the
Chief Compliance Officer. |
|
• |
FNA
will periodically sample proxy votes to determine if they are voted in
accordance with Glass Lewis' proxy voting
guidelines. |
|
• |
FNA
votes shares via ProxyEdge, an electronic voting platform provided by
Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc. (who is contracted by FNBO), in a
timely manner. Additionally, ProxyEdge retains a record of all proxy
votes. |
Proxy
Voting Service Due Diligence
|
• |
FNA
will at least annually determine if Glass Lewis has the capacity and
competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, including determining if
their recommendations are based on materially accurate information;
and |
|
• |
FNA
will determine at least annually if Glass Lewis has adequate policies and
procedures in place to address any conflicts of
interests |
Disclosure
|
• |
FNA
will at least annually determine if Glass Lewis has the capacity and
competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, including determining if
their recommendations are based on materially accurate information;
and |
|
• |
FNA
will determine at least annually if Glass Lewis has adequate policies and
procedures in place to address any conflicts of
interests |
Recordkeeping
First
National Advisers, LLC shall retain the following proxy records in accordance
with the SEC's five- year retention requirement.
|
• |
these
policies and procedures and any amendments; |
|
• |
each
proxy statement that First National Advisers, LLC
receives; |
|
• |
a
record of each vote that First National Advisers, LLC
casts; |
|
• |
any
document First National Advisers, LLC created that was material to making
a decision to override Glass Lewis' recommendation;
and |
|
• |
a copy
of any Tributary request for information on how First National Advisers,
LLC voted shareholder's proxies and a copy of any written
response |
B-6