STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SEI INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS TRUST
Class A Shares
Large Cap Fund
(SLCAX)
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund (SCPAX)
Large Cap Index Fund
(LCIAX)
S&P 500 Index Fund (SPINX)
Extended Market Index Fund
(SMXAX)
Small Cap Fund (SLPAX)
Small Cap II Fund (SECAX)
Small/Mid Cap
Equity Fund (SSMAX)
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund (SEHAX)
U.S.
Managed Volatility Fund (SVYAX)
Global Managed Volatility Fund
(SGMAX)
World Select Equity Fund (SWSAX)
World Equity Ex-US Fund
(WEUSX)
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund (SSEAX)
Emerging Markets Equity
Fund (SMQFX)
Opportunistic Income Fund (ENIAX)
Core Fixed Income Fund
(SCOAX)
High Yield Bond Fund (SGYAX)
Long Duration Fund (LDRAX)
Long
Duration Credit Fund (SLDAX)
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund
(SUSAX)
Emerging Markets Debt Fund (SEDAX)
Real Return Fund
(RRPAX)
Limited Duration Bond Fund (SLDBX)
Intermediate Duration Credit
Fund (SIDCX)
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund (SDLAX)
Multi-Asset Real Return
Fund (SEIAX)
Adviser:
SEI Investments Management Corporation
Administrator:
SEI Investments Global Funds Services
Distributor:
SEI Investments Distribution Co.
Sub-Advisers:
Acadian Asset Management
LLC
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Allspring Global Investments, LLC
Ares
Capital Management II LLC
Axiom Investors LLC
Benefit Street Partners
L.L.C.
Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC
Brigade Capital
Management, LP
Causeway Capital Management LLC
Colchester Global
Investors Ltd
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC
Copeland
Capital Management, LLC
Cullen Capital Management LLC
Delaware Investments
Fund Advisers, a series of
Macquarie Investment Management
Business Trust
EAM Investors, LLC
Easterly Investment
Partners, LLC
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Fred Alger Management, LLC
Geneva
Capital Management LLC
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Income
Research + Management
Jackson Creek Investment Advisors LLC
Jennison
Associates LLC
JOHCM (USA) Inc.
J.P. Morgan Investment Management
Inc.
Jupiter Asset Management Limited
Lazard Asset Management
LLC
Leeward Investments, LLC
Legal & General Investment Management
America, Inc.
Los Angeles Capital Management LLC
LSV Asset
Management
Mackenzie Investments Corporation
Manulife Investment
Management (US) LLC
Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC
Marathon Asset
Management, L.P.
Martingale Asset Management, L.P.
MetLife Investment
Management, LLC
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC
Ninety One UK
Ltd.
Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC
PineStone Asset Management
Inc.
Poplar Forest Capital LLC
Pzena Investment Management, LLC
Rhicon
Currency Management Pte Ltd
Robeco Institutional Asset Management US
Inc.
RWC Asset Advisors (US) LLC
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
Towle
& Co
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.
UBS Asset Management (Americas)
LLC
WCM Investment Management, LLC
Wellington Management Company
LLP
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It is intended to provide additional information regarding the activities and operations of SEI Institutional Investments Trust (the "Trust") and should be read in conjunction with the Trust's prospectus relating to Class A Shares of the Large Cap Fund, Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, Large Cap Index Fund, S&P 500 Index Fund, Extended Market Index Fund, Small Cap Fund, Small Cap II Fund, Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund, U.S. Managed Volatility Fund, Global Managed Volatility Fund, World Select Equity Fund, World Equity Ex-US Fund, Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund, Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Opportunistic Income Fund, Core Fixed Income Fund, High Yield Bond Fund, Long Duration Fund, Long Duration Credit Fund, Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Real Return Fund, Limited Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Duration Credit Fund, Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund and Multi-Asset Real Return Fund (the "Prospectus") dated September 30, 2024. A Prospectus may be obtained upon request and without charge by writing the Trust's distributor, SEI Investments Distribution Co., One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456, or by calling 1-800-342-5734.
The Trust's financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024, including notes thereto and the report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon are included in the most recent Form N-CSR for the Funds and are incorporated herein by reference to this SAI. Shareholders may obtain copies of the Prospectus, the Funds' annual or semi-annual report, and other information such as the Funds' financial statements free of charge online or by calling 1-800-DIAL-SEI. Unless you have elected to receive paper copies of the shareholder reports, you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted on the Funds' website and provided with a link to access the report online.
September 30, 2024
SEI-F-049 (9/24)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS |
S-1 |
||||||
THE TRUST |
S-3 |
||||||
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES |
S-3 |
||||||
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RISK FACTORS |
S-23 |
||||||
Alternative Strategies |
S-23 |
||||||
American Depositary Receipts |
S-25 |
||||||
Asset-Backed Securities |
S-25 |
||||||
Collateralized Debt Obligations |
S-27 |
||||||
Commercial Paper |
S-27 |
||||||
Commodity Investments |
S-27 |
||||||
Construction Loans |
S-28 |
||||||
Country Concentration |
S-29 |
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Credit-Linked Notes |
S-29 |
||||||
Current Market Conditions Risk |
S-29 |
||||||
Demand Instruments |
S-30 |
||||||
Derivatives |
S-30 |
||||||
Distressed Securities |
S-31 |
||||||
Dollar Rolls |
S-32 |
||||||
Equity-Linked Warrants |
S-32 |
||||||
Equity Securities |
S-32 |
||||||
Eurobonds |
S-33 |
||||||
Exchange-Traded Products |
S-34 |
||||||
Fixed Income Securities |
S-35 |
||||||
Foreign Securities and Emerging Frontier Markets |
S-37 |
||||||
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts |
S-42 |
||||||
Futures and Options on Futures |
S-45 |
||||||
High Yield Foreign Sovereign Debt Securities |
S-45 |
||||||
Illiquid Securities |
S-46 |
||||||
Interfund Lending and Borrowing Arrangements |
S-46 |
||||||
Investment Companies |
S-46 |
||||||
Investment in Subsidiary |
S-48 |
||||||
Loan Participations and Assignments |
S-50 |
||||||
Money Market Securities |
S-50 |
||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities |
S-50 |
||||||
Mortgage Dollar Rolls |
S-53 |
||||||
Municipal Securities |
S-53 |
||||||
Non-Diversification |
S-54 |
||||||
Obligations of Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks |
S-54 |
||||||
Obligations of Supranational Entities |
S-55 |
||||||
Options |
S-55 |
||||||
Participation Notes |
S-57 |
||||||
Pay-In-Kind Bonds |
S-57 |
||||||
Privatizations |
S-57 |
||||||
Put Transactions |
S-57 |
||||||
Quantitative Investing |
S-58 |
||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts |
S-58 |
||||||
Real Estate Operating Companies |
S-58 |
||||||
Receipts |
S-59 |
||||||
Repurchase Agreements |
S-59 |
||||||
Restricted Securities |
S-59 |
||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Sale-Buybacks |
S-60 |
||||||
Risks of Cyber Attacks |
S-60 |
Securities Lending |
S-60 |
||||||
Short Sales |
S-61 |
||||||
Social Investment Criteria |
S-62 |
||||||
Sovereign Debt |
S-62 |
||||||
Structured Securities |
S-62 |
||||||
Swaps, Caps, Floors, Collars and Swaptions |
S-63 |
||||||
Tracking Error |
S-65 |
||||||
U.S. Government Securities |
S-65 |
||||||
Variable and Floating Rate Instruments |
S-66 |
||||||
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities |
S-66 |
||||||
Yankee Obligations |
S-67 |
||||||
Zero Coupon Securities |
S-67 |
||||||
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS |
S-68 |
||||||
THE ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT |
S-76 |
||||||
THE ADVISER AND THE SUB-ADVISERS |
S-78 |
||||||
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING |
S-177 |
||||||
SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITY |
S-178 |
||||||
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST |
S-180 |
||||||
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
S-188 |
||||||
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES |
S-189 |
||||||
REDEMPTIONS IN-KIND |
S-190 |
||||||
TAXES |
S-190 |
||||||
FUND PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS |
S-200 |
||||||
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION |
S-206 |
||||||
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES |
S-207 |
||||||
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES' LIABILITY |
S-207 |
||||||
CODES OF ETHICS |
S-207 |
||||||
VOTING |
S-208 |
||||||
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY |
S-208 |
||||||
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
S-208 |
||||||
MASTER/FEEDER OPTION |
S-216 |
||||||
DISCLAIMER |
S-216 |
||||||
CUSTODIANS |
S-217 |
||||||
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM |
S-217 |
||||||
LEGAL COUNSEL |
S-217 |
||||||
APPENDIX A—DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS |
A-1 |
September 30, 2024
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following terms are used throughout this SAI, and have the meanings set forth below. Because the following is a combined glossary of terms used for all the SEI Funds, certain terms below may not apply to your fund. Any terms used but not defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the applicable Fund's prospectus or as otherwise defined in this SAI.
Term |
Definition |
||||||
1933 Act |
Securities Act of 1933, as amended |
||||||
1940 Act |
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended |
||||||
ADRs |
American Depositary Receipts |
||||||
ARMS |
Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities |
||||||
BHCA |
Bank-Holding Company Act |
||||||
Bank Loan
Rate |
The rate of
interest that would be charged by a bank for short-term borrowings |
||||||
Board |
The Trust's Board of Trustees |
||||||
CATS |
Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities |
||||||
CDOs |
Collateralized Debt Obligations |
||||||
CDRs |
Continental Depositary Receipts |
||||||
CFTC |
Commodities Futures Trading Commission |
||||||
CLCs |
Construction Loan Certificates |
||||||
CLOs |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |
||||||
CMBS |
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities |
||||||
CMOs |
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations |
||||||
Code |
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
||||||
Confidential
Information |
Material, non-public information |
||||||
Dodd-Frank
Act |
Dodd-Frank Wall
Street Reform and Consumer Protections Act |
||||||
EDRs |
European Depositary Receipts |
||||||
ETFs |
Exchange-Traded Funds |
||||||
ETNs |
Exchange-Traded Notes |
||||||
ETPs |
Exchange-Traded Products |
||||||
EU |
European Union |
||||||
Fannie Mae |
Federal National Mortgage Association |
||||||
FHA |
Federal Housing Administration |
||||||
Freddie Mac |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation |
||||||
GDRs |
Global Depositary Receipts |
||||||
GNMA |
Government National Mortgage Association |
||||||
IFA |
Insurance Funding Agreement |
||||||
IO |
Interest-Only Security |
||||||
IRS |
Internal Revenue Service |
||||||
LIBOR |
London Interbank Offered Rate |
||||||
LYONs |
Liquid Yield Option Notes |
||||||
MiFID II |
Directive
2014/61/EU on markets in financial instruments and Regulation 600/2014/EU on markets in financial instruments |
||||||
MLPs |
Master Limited Partnerships |
||||||
Moody's |
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. |
||||||
NAV |
Net Asset Value |
||||||
NDFs |
Non-Deliverable Forwards |
||||||
NRSRO |
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization |
S-1
Term |
Definition |
||||||
OTC |
Over-the-Counter |
||||||
PAC Bonds |
Planned Amortization Class CMOs |
||||||
PIPEs |
Private Investments in Public Equity |
||||||
PLC |
Permanent Loan Certificate |
||||||
P-Notes |
Participation Notes |
||||||
PO |
Principal-Only Security |
||||||
Program |
SEI Funds' interfund lending program |
||||||
QFII |
Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor |
||||||
QPTPs |
Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships |
||||||
REITs |
Real Estate Investment Trusts |
||||||
REMIC Certificates |
REMIC pass-through certificates |
||||||
REMICs |
Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits |
||||||
REOCs |
Real Estate Operating Companies |
||||||
Repo Rate |
rate of interest
for an investment in overnight repurchase agreements |
||||||
RIC |
Regulated Investment Company |
||||||
S&P |
Standard & Poor's Rating Group |
||||||
SEC |
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |
||||||
SEI Funds |
The existing or
future investment companies registered under the 1940 Act that are advised by SIMC |
||||||
SOFR |
Secured Overnight Financing Rate |
||||||
STRIPS |
Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities |
||||||
Subsidiary |
A wholly-owned
subsidiary organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands |
||||||
TIGRs |
Treasury Investment Growth Receipts |
||||||
TRs |
Treasury Receipts |
||||||
UK |
United Kingdom |
||||||
World Bank |
International Bank of Reconstruction and Development |
||||||
Yankees |
Yankee Obligations |
S-2
THE TRUST
SEI Institutional Investments Trust (the "Trust") is an open-end management investment company that has diversified and non-diversified funds (only the Emerging Markets Debt and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds are non-diversified). The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust under a Declaration of Trust dated March 1, 1995. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trust to offer separate series ("funds") of units of beneficial interest ("shares") and different classes of shares. At this time shareholders may purchase only Class A shares of a fund. Each share of a fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund with each other share of that fund.
The management and affairs of the Trust are supervised by a Board of Trustees (each member, a "Trustee" and collectively, the "Trustees" or the Board) under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trustees have approved contracts under which, as described in this Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"), certain companies provide essential management services to the Trust. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any fund, and all assets of such fund, belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. The Trust pays its expenses, including, among others, the fees of its service providers, audit and legal expenses, expenses of preparing prospectuses, proxy solicitation materials and reports to shareholders, costs of custodial services and registering the shares under federal and state securities laws, pricing, insurance expenses, litigation and other extraordinary expenses, brokerage costs, interest charges, taxes and organizational expenses.
This SAI relates to the following funds: Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index, Small Cap, Small Cap II, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility, World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US, Screened World Equity Ex-US, Emerging Markets Equity, Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Real Return, Limited Duration Bond, Intermediate Duration Credit, Dynamic Asset Allocation and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds (each, a "Fund" and together, the "Funds").
The investment adviser, SEI Investments Management Corporation ("SIMC" or the "Adviser"), and investment sub-advisers (each, a "Sub-Adviser" and together, the "Sub-Advisers").
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
LARGE CAP FUND—The Large Cap Fund seeks to provide long-term growth of capital and income.
Under normal circumstances, the Large Cap Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of large companies.
For purposes of this Fund, a large company is a company with a market capitalization in the range of companies in the Russell 1000 Index (between $477.5 million and $3.4 trillion as of July 31, 2024) at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell 1000 Index are subject to change. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants and ETFs and may in some instances be foreign securities or represent exposure to foreign markets. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in common and preferred stocks of small capitalization companies. The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying on a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies and strategies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC.
LARGE CAP DISCIPLINED EQUITY FUND—The Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of large companies. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, depositary receipts, warrants, ETFs and REITs based on a large capitalization equity index and equity securities of foreign companies. The Fund will invest primarily in common stocks of U.S. companies with market capitalizations in the range of companies in the S&P 500 Index (between $7.0 billion and $3.4 trillion as of July 31, 2024) at the time of purchase. The market
S-3
capitalization range and the composition of the S&P 500 Index are subject to change. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in common and preferred stocks of small capitalization companies.
The Fund seeks to exceed the total return of the S&P 500 Index, with a similar level of volatility, by investing primarily in a portfolio of common stocks included in the S&P 500 Index, as well as other equity investments and derivative instruments whose value is derived from the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying on one or more Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. The Fund may employ Sub-Advisers that use a variety of different methods to seek to outperform the Fund's benchmark, including purchasing stocks with strong anticipated future earnings growth, selecting stocks that a Sub-Adviser believes are undervalued relative to their fundamentals, capturing returns from the natural volatility of the market and employing strategies that rotate among various sectors of the market. The Fund may also utilize one or more additional Sub-Advisers who manage in a complementary style with the objective to seek to add value over the S&P 500 Index while maintaining a similar level of volatility to the S&P 500 Index. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
One or more Sub-Adviser(s) may implement a long/short equity investment strategy by investing in securities believed to offer capital appreciation opportunities while also attempting to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a company. A long/short equity investment strategy takes (i) long positions with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued relative to their potential and likely to increase in price, and (ii) short positions (including through derivative instruments such as swaps) with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be overvalued and likely to decrease in price. A long/short equity investment strategy seeks returns from strong security selection on both the long and short sides. These long and short positions may be completely unrelated.
LARGE CAP INDEX FUND—The Large Cap Index Fund seeks to provide investment results that correspond to the aggregate price and dividend performance of the securities in the Russell 1000 Index.
The Large Cap Index Fund invests substantially all of its assets (at least 80%) in securities listed in the Russell 1000 Index. The Russell 1000 Index measures the performance of the large-cap segment of the U.S. equity universe and includes approximately 1,000 of the largest securities based on their market capitalization. The Fund's investment performance will depend on the Fund's tracking of the Russell 1000 Index and the performance of the Russell 1000 Index. The Fund's ability to replicate the performance of the Russell 1000 Index will depend to some extent on the size and timing of cash flows into and out of the Fund, as well as on the level of the Fund's expenses.
The Fund's Sub-Adviser selects the Fund's securities under the general supervision of SIMC, but the Sub-Adviser makes no attempt to "manage" the Fund in the traditional sense (i.e., by using economic, market or financial analyses). Instead, the Sub-Adviser generally will attempt to invest in securities composing the Russell 1000 Index in approximately the same proportions as they are represented in the Russell 1000 Index. It may not be possible or practicable to purchase all of the securities composing the Russell 1000 Index or to hold them in the same weightings as they are represented in the Russell 1000 Index. In those cases, the Sub-Adviser may employ a sampling or optimization technique to replicate the Russell 1000 Index. In seeking to replicate the performance of the Russell 1000 Index, the Fund may invest, to a lesser extent, in ADRs. The Fund may also invest in securities of companies located in developed foreign countries and securities of small capitalization companies. The Sub-Adviser may, but is not required to, sell an investment if the merit of the investment has been substantially impaired by extraordinary events, such as fraud or a material adverse change in an issuer, or adverse financial conditions. The Fund's return may not match the return of the Russell 1000 Index. The Russell 1000 Index's market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell 1000 Index are subject to change.
S&P 500 INDEX FUND—The S&P 500 Index Fund seeks to provide investment results that correspond to the aggregate price and dividend performance of the securities in the S&P 500 Index.
The Fund invests substantially all of its assets (at least 80%) in securities listed in the S&P 500 Index, which is composed of approximately 500 leading U.S. publicly traded companies from a broad range of industries
S-4
(mostly common stocks). The Fund's investment results are expected to correspond to the aggregate price and dividend performance of the S&P 500 Index before the fees and expenses of the Fund.
The equity securities in which the Fund invests are common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into common stock and ADRs. The Fund may also: (i) invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations or securities of foreign issuers; (ii) purchase shares of REITs; (iii) invest a portion of its assets in securities of foreign companies located in developed foreign countries; (iv) invest a portion of its assets in securities of small capitalization companies; and (v) invest cash reserves in securities issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, bankers' acceptances, commercial paper of appropriate credit quality, as determined by the Fund's Sub-Adviser, certificates of deposit and repurchase agreements involving such obligations although such investments will not be used for defensive purposes.
The Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts to maintain adequate liquidity to meet its redemption demands while maximizing the level of the Fund's assets that are tracking the performance of the S&P 500 Index, provided that the value of these contracts does not exceed 20% of the Fund's total assets. The Fund may only purchase those stock index futures contracts—such as futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index—that are likely to closely replicate the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The Fund also can sell such futures contracts in order to close out a previously established position. The Fund will not enter into any stock index futures contract for the purpose of speculation, and will only enter into contracts traded on national securities exchanges with standardized maturity dates.
The Fund may lend a portion of its assets to qualified institutions for the purpose of realizing additional income. The Fund may invest in illiquid securities; however, not more than 10% of its total assets will be invested in such instruments. The Fund may enter into forward commitments, or purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase shares of securities or other instruments directly. Pursuant to orders issued by the SEC to certain ETF complexes and procedures approved by the Board, the Fund may invest in such ETFs in excess of the limitations otherwise imposed by the federal securities laws, provided that the Fund otherwise complies with the conditions of the applicable SEC orders, as they may be amended, and any other investment limitations applicable to the Fund. The particular ETF complexes in which the Fund may invest and additional information about the limitations of such investments are further described under the heading "Exchange-Traded Funds" in the sub-section "Investment Companies" of the "Description of Permitted Investments and Risk Factors" section below.
The Fund's investment performance will depend on the Fund's tracking of the S&P 500 Index and the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The Fund's ability to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 Index will depend to some extent on the size and timing of cash flows into and out of the Fund, as well as on the level of the Fund's expenses. The Fund may use futures contracts to obtain exposure to the equity market during high volume periods of investment into the Fund. Adjustments made to accommodate cash flows will track the S&P 500 Index to the maximum extent possible, and may result in brokerage expenses for the Fund. Over time, the correlation between the performance of the Fund and the S&P 500 Index is expected to be over 0.95. A correlation of 1.00 would indicate perfect correlation, which would be achieved when the net asset value of the Fund, including the value of its dividend and capital gains distributions, increased or decreased in exact proportion to changes in the S&P 500 Index.
An investment in shares of the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in a portfolio consisting of the common stocks and other securities of some or all of the companies included in the S&P 500 Index.
The weightings of securities in the S&P 500 Index are based on each security's relative total market value, i.e., market price per share times the number of shares outstanding. Because of this weighting, approximately 50% of the S&P 500 Index is currently composed of stocks of the 50 largest companies in the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P 500 Index currently represents over 60% of the market value of all U.S. common stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE").
S-5
The Fund does not seek to "beat" the markets it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets appear overvalued. The Fund's Sub-Adviser, selects the Fund's securities under the general supervision of the Fund's adviser, SIMC, but the Sub-Adviser makes no attempt to "manage" the Fund in the traditional sense (i.e., by using economic, financial or market analyses). Instead, the Sub-Adviser generally will attempt to invest in securities composing the S&P 500 Index in approximately the same proportions as they are represented in the S&P 500 Index. It may not be possible or practicable to purchase all of the securities composing the S&P 500 Index or to hold them in the same weightings as they are represented in the S&P 500 Index. In those cases, the Sub-Adviser may employ a sampling or optimization technique to replicate the S&P 500 Index. In seeking to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 Index, the Fund may also invest in futures contracts, ADRs, ETFs and REITs. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in securities of companies located in developed foreign countries and securities of small capitalization companies. The Sub-Adviser may, but is not required to, sell an investment if the merit of the investment has been substantially impaired by extraordinary events, such as fraud or a material adverse change in an issuer, or adverse financial conditions. Furthermore, administrative adjustments may be made in the Fund from time to time because of mergers, changes in the composition of the S&P 500 Index and similar reasons. In certain circumstances, the Sub-Adviser may exercise discretion in determining whether to exercise warrants or rights issued in respect to Fund securities or whether to tender Fund securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer. The Fund's return may not match the return of the S&P 500 Index. The S&P 500 Index's market capitalization range and the composition of the S&P 500 Index are subject to change.
EXTENDED MARKET INDEX FUND—The investment objective of the Extended Market Index Fund is to seek investment results that approximate, as closely as practicable and before expenses, the performance of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index.
The Fund is managed using a passive/indexing investment approach and invests substantially all of its assets in securities (mostly common stocks) of companies that are included (at the time of purchase) in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index. As of July 31, 2024, the market capitalization of the companies included in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index ranged from $17.1 million to $83.3 billion. The Russell Small Cap Completeness Index is composed of securities of the companies included in the Russell 3000 Index (which includes the largest 3,000 U.S. companies), excluding the securities of companies that are constituents of the S&P 500 Index (which includes 500 leading U.S. companies). The Russell Small Cap Completeness Index is constructed to attempt to provide a comprehensive and unbiased barometer of the extended broad market of U.S. equity securities beyond that of the 500 leading U.S. companies included in the S&P 500 Index. The Fund's investment performance will depend on the Fund's tracking of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index and the performance of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index. The market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index are subject to change.
The Sub-Adviser selects the Fund's securities under the general supervision of SIMC, but the Sub-Adviser makes no attempt to "manage" the Fund in the traditional sense (i.e., by using economic, market or financial analyses). Instead, the Fund generally will attempt to invest in securities (including interests of REITs) composing the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index in approximately the same proportions as they are represented in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index. The Fund's ability to fully replicate the performance of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index will depend to some extent on the size and timing of cash flows into and out of the Fund, as well as on the level of the Fund's expenses. In some cases, it may not be possible or practicable to purchase all of the securities composing the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index or to hold them in the same weightings as they are represented in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index. In those cases, a Sub-Adviser may employ a sampling or optimization technique to construct the Fund's portfolio. In seeking to replicate the performance of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index, the Fund may also invest in ETFs and REITs that are not constituents of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index.
The Sub-Adviser may sell an investment if the merit of the investment has been substantially impaired by extraordinary events or adverse financial conditions. The Fund may, at times, purchase or sell index futures contracts, or options on those futures, or engage in forward or swap transactions in lieu of investing directly in the securities making up the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index or to enhance the Fund's replication of the
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Russell Small Cap Completeness Index's return. In addition, for liquidity purposes, the Fund may invest in securities that are not included in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index, cash and cash equivalents or money market instruments, such as reverse repurchase agreements and money market funds. The Fund's return may not match the return of the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index.
SMALL CAP FUND—The investment objective of the Small Cap Fund is capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the Small Cap Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities (including common and preferred stocks) of small companies, including ETFs based on small capitalization indexes and securities of REITs. For purposes of this Fund, a small company is a company with a market capitalization in the range of companies in the Russell 2000 Index (between $17.1 million and $12.2 billion as of July 31, 2024) at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell 2000 Index are subject to change. The Fund may also invest in securities of large capitalization companies.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Each Sub-Adviser, in managing its portion of the Fund's assets, generally applies a growth-oriented, a value-oriented or a blended approach to selecting investments. Growth-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe have attractive growth and appreciation potential in light of such characteristics as revenue and earnings growth, expectations from sell-side analysts and relative valuation, while value-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe are attractively valued in light of fundamental characteristics such as earnings, capital structure and/or return on invested capital. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
SMALL CAP II FUND—The investment objective of the Small Cap II Fund is capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Under normal circumstances, the Small Cap II Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities (including common and preferred stocks) of small companies, ETFs based on small capitalization indexes and securities of REITs. For purposes of this Fund, a small company is a company with a market capitalization in the range of companies in the Russell 2000 Index (between $17.1 million and $12.2 billion as of July 31, 2024) at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell 2000 Index are subject to change. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include, to a lesser extent, securities of large capitalization companies.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon one or more Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Each Sub-Adviser, in managing its portion of the Fund's assets, generally applies a growth-oriented, a value-oriented or a blended approach to selecting investments. Growth-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe have attractive growth and appreciation potential in light of such characteristics as revenue and earnings growth, expectations from sell-side analysts and relative valuation, while value-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe are attractively valued in light of fundamental characteristics such as earnings, capital structure and/or return on invested capital. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
SMALL/MID CAP EQUITY FUND—The Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities (including common and preferred stocks) of small and medium-sized companies, ETFs based on small and medium-sized capitalization indexes and securities of REITs. The Fund will invest primarily in common stocks of U.S. companies with market capitalizations in the range of companies in the Russell 2500 Index (between $17.1 million and $20.8 billion as of July 31, 2024) at the time of purchase. The market capitalization range and the composition of the Russell
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2500 Index are subject to change. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include, to a lesser extent, securities of large capitalization companies.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon one or more Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Each Sub-Adviser, in managing its portion of the Fund's assets, generally applies a growth-oriented, a value-oriented or a blended approach to selecting investments. Growth-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe have attractive growth and appreciation potential in light of such characteristics as revenue and earnings growth, expectations from sell-side analysts and relative valuation, while value-oriented managers generally select stocks they believe are attractively valued in light of fundamental characteristics such as earnings, capital structure and/or return on invested capital. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
U.S. EQUITY FACTOR ALLOCATION FUND—The investment objective of the U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital and income.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity and equity-related securities of U.S. companies of all capitalization ranges. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in ADRs and interests in REITs. The Fund's investment portfolio will be diversified and will not be concentrated in any particular industry or sector.
The Fund uses a quantitative-based, active stock selection investment strategy, which typically relies on a model-based approach to make investment decisions. The Fund quantitatively categorizes and selects securities based on certain characteristics ("Factors") that are determined by SEI Investments Management Corporation (SIMC or the Adviser). These Factors may include security characteristics such as volatility, value or share price performance. The Adviser uses its own model-based systems to assess which Factors to use and to determine what portion of the Fund's assets should be invested in each security identified. Through the Adviser's model-based systems, the Fund generally seeks to select securities so that each Factor contributes proportionately to the Fund's long-term risk-adjusted expected payoff. However, based on perceived market opportunities, the Adviser may reallocate the Fund's assets to tilt in favor of one or more Factors. The Adviser may add, remove or modify certain Factors in its model based on investment research or in response to changes in market conditions.
U.S. MANAGED VOLATILITY FUND—The U.S. Managed Volatility Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation with less volatility than the broad U.S. equity markets.
Under normal circumstances, the U.S. Managed Volatility Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of U.S. companies of all capitalization ranges. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, interests in REITs, ETFs and warrants. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in ADRs and securities of non-U.S. companies.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying on a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. The Fund seeks to achieve an absolute return of the broad U.S. equity markets, but with a lower absolute volatility. Over the long term, the Fund seeks to achieve a return similar to that of the Russell 3000 Index, but with a lower level of volatility. However, given that the Fund's investment strategy focuses on absolute return and risk, the Fund's sector and market capitalization exposures will typically vary from the index and may cause significant performance deviations relative to the index over shorter-term periods. The Fund seeks to achieve lower volatility by constructing a portfolio of securities that effectively weighs securities based on their total expected risk and return, without regard to market capitalization and industry.
GLOBAL MANAGED VOLATILITY FUND—The investment objective of the Global Managed Volatility Fund is to provide capital appreciation with less volatility than the broad global equity markets.
The Global Managed Volatility Fund will typically invest in securities of U.S. and foreign companies of all capitalization ranges. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, REITs, depositary receipts and ETFs. The Fund also may use futures contracts and forward contracts.
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Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest in at least three countries outside of the U.S., but will typically invest much more broadly. It is expected that at least 40% of the Fund's assets will be invested in non-U.S. securities. The Fund will invest primarily in companies located in developed countries, but may also invest in companies located in emerging markets.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying on a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. This approach is intended to manage the risk characteristics of the Fund. The Fund seeks to achieve an absolute return of the broad global equity markets, but with a lower absolute volatility. Over the long term, the Fund is expected to achieve a return similar to that of the MSCI World Index, but with a lower level of volatility. However, given that the Fund's investment strategy focuses on absolute return and risk, the Fund's country, sector and market capitalization exposures will typically vary from the index and may cause significant performance deviations relative to the index over shorter-term periods. The Fund seeks to achieve lower volatility by constructing a portfolio of securities that the Sub-Advisers believe will produce a less volatile return than the market over time. Each Sub-Adviser effectively weighs securities based on their total expected risk and return without regard to market capitalization and industry. The Sub-Advisers may engage in short sales in an amount up to 30% of the Fund's value (measured at the time of investment) in an attempt to capitalize on equity securities that they believe will underperform the market or their peers. When the Sub-Advisers sell securities short they may use the proceeds from the sales to purchase long positions in additional equity securities that they believe will outperform the market or their peers. This strategy may effectively result in the Fund having a leveraged investment portfolio, which results in greater potential for loss.
In managing the Fund's currency exposure from foreign securities, the Fund may buy and sell futures or forward contracts on currencies for hedging purposes.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase shares of securities or other instruments directly. Pursuant to orders issued by the SEC to certain ETF complexes and procedures approved by the Board, the Fund may invest in such ETFs in excess of the limitations otherwise imposed by the federal securities laws, provided that the Fund otherwise complies with the conditions of the applicable SEC order, as it may be amended, and any other investment limitations applicable to the Fund. The particular ETF complexes in which the Fund may invest and additional information about the limitations of such investments are further described under the heading "Exchange-Traded Funds" in the sub-section "Investment Companies" of the "Description of Permitted Investments and Risk Factors" section below.
WORLD SELECT EQUITY FUND—The Fund's investment objective is capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of U.S. and foreign companies of all capitalization ranges. These securities will include one or more of the following types of instruments: common stocks, preferred stocks, depositary receipts, warrants, ETFs based on an equity index, and derivative instruments whose value is based on an equity index or an underlying equity security or basket of equity securities (principally futures and forward contracts). The Fund will invest in securities of foreign issuers located in developed or emerging market countries, including frontier markets. To a lesser extent and depending on market conditions, the Fund will also invest in swaps on securities both for risk management or investment purposes. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currency. The Fund expects, under normal market conditions, to invest at least 40% of its assets in the securities of companies that are tied economically to at least three countries outside the U.S.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment strategies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Assets of the Fund not allocated to Sub-Advisers are managed directly by SIMC. The Fund is expected to have an absolute return and risk profile similar to the global equity market. The Fund is diversified as to issuers, market capitalization, industry and country.
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The Sub-Advisers have the ability to seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. In doing so, the Sub-Advisers can buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts. The Sub-Advisers can also take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Sub-Advisers may attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase the Fund's exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. Separate from active management of the Fund's foreign currency exposure, the Sub-Advisers have the ability to invest in futures contracts and forward contracts for hedging purposes, including to seek to manage the Fund's currency exposure to foreign securities and mitigate the Fund's overall risk.
WORLD EQUITY EX-US FUND—The World Equity Ex-US Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the World Equity Ex-US Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of foreign companies of various capitalization ranges. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, depositary receipts, warrants, ETFs that track an international Ex-US equity index and derivative instruments, principally futures and forward contracts, whose value is based on an international equity index or an underlying international equity security or basket of international equity securities. The Fund will invest in securities of foreign issuers located in developed and emerging market countries. However, the Fund will not invest more than 35% of its assets in the common stocks or other equity securities of issuers located in emerging market countries. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in swaps on securities for risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities and other instruments frequently.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment strategies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. The Fund's benchmark is the MSCI All Country World Ex-U.S. Net Index (net of dividends). The Fund is expected to have an absolute return and risk profile similar to the international equity ex-US market. The Fund is diversified as to issuers, market capitalization, industry and country.
One or more Sub-Advisers may implement a long/short equity investment strategy by investing in securities believed to offer capital appreciation opportunities while also attempting to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a company. A long/short equity investment strategy takes (i) long positions with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued relative to their potential increase in price, and (ii) short positions (including through derivative instruments, such as swaps) with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be overvalued and likely to decrease in price. A long/short equity investment strategy seeks returns from strong security selection on both the long and short sides. These long and short positions may be completely unrelated.
The Sub-Advisers may seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Sub-Advisers may buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase their exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts and forward contracts for hedging purposes, including to seek to manage the Fund's currency exposure to foreign securities and mitigate the Fund's overall risk.
SCREENED WORLD EQUITY EX-US FUND—The Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation.
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Under normal circumstances, the Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of foreign companies of various capitalization ranges. These securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, depositary receipts, warrants, ETFs that track an international ex-US equity index, derivative instruments (principally futures and forward contracts) whose value is based on an international equity index or an underlying international equity security or basket of international equity securities and investment companies whose portfolios are designed to correlate with a portfolio of international equity securities.
Potential investments for the Fund are first assessed for financial soundness and then evaluated according to the Fund's social criteria (including "BDS" criteria, as described below). The Fund will invest in securities of foreign issuers located in developed and emerging market countries but will avoid investing in companies that have been identified as directly or indirectly benefiting the governments of countries that support terrorism, genocide or human rights abuses. This includes companies that pay royalties, such as those on oil or mining, to these governments and companies that help provide a stable economic environment that supports the government in its oppressive policies by having substantial operations or customers in the country. The Fund will also avoid investing in companies that have been identified as having adopted or implemented a "Pro-BDS" stance. "BDS" refers to the Palestinian-led movement promoting boycotts, divestments and economic sanctions against Israel. Accordingly, the Fund will maintain an "Anti-BDS" approach.
An independent compliance support organization will identify a list of issuers that have been identified as failing to meet the Fund's social criteria (including issuers that have a "Pro-BDS" stance). The list will be developed using information gathered from a variety of sources, such as government agencies, trade journals, direct company contacts and industry and regional publications. The Sub-Advisers will then rely on this list when determining what companies to avoid investing in. Additionally, a Sub-Adviser will promptly liquidate a position that no longer complies with the social criteria (including positions in issuers that have a "Pro-BDS" stance). The Adviser reserves the right to modify the Fund's social criteria from time to time in response to world events, such as changes in the governments that support terrorism, genocide or human rights abuses. All social criteria may be changed without shareholder approval. The Fund's Anti-BDS approach has been adopted to enable investment in the Fund by institutional investors that seek to support Israel or oppose the BDS movement in their investment implementation. This Fund policy is for the benefit of such investors and not meant as a formal representation of SEI's official corporate policy or position on the issue of BDS.
The Fund will not invest more than 35% of its assets in the common stocks or other equity securities of issuers located in emerging market countries. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in swaps on securities for risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. The Fund's benchmark is the MSCI All Country World Ex-U.S. Net Index (net of dividends). The Fund is expected to have an absolute return and risk profile similar to the international equity ex-US market. The Fund is diversified as to issuers, market capitalization, industry and country.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment strategies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
One or more Sub-Advisers may implement a long/short equity investment strategy by investing in securities believed to offer capital appreciation opportunities while also attempting to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a company. A long/short equity investment strategy takes (i) long positions with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be undervalued relative to their potential increase in price, and (ii) short positions (including through derivative instruments, such as swaps) with respect to investments that the Sub-Adviser believes to be overvalued and likely to decrease in price. A long/short equity investment strategy seeks returns from strong security selection on both the long and short sides. These long and short positions may be completely unrelated.
The Sub-Advisers may seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Sub-Advisers may buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using derivatives, principally foreign currency forward contracts, options and futures.
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The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase their exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts and forward contracts for hedging purposes, including to seek to manage the Fund's currency exposure to foreign securities and mitigate the Fund's overall risk.
EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY FUND—The Emerging Markets Equity Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation.
Under normal circumstances, the Emerging Markets Equity Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of emerging market issuers. Equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, participation notes, depositary receipts and real estate investment trusts ("REITs"). The Fund normally maintains investments in at least six emerging market countries, however, it may invest a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a single country or a limited number of countries. Due to the size of its economy relative to other emerging market countries, it is expected that China will generally constitute a significant exposure in the Fund. Emerging market countries are those countries that are: (i) characterized as developing or emerging by any of the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Finance Corporation, or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (ii) included in an emerging markets index by a recognized index provider; or (iii) countries with similar developing frontier or emerging characteristics as countries classified as emerging market countries pursuant to sub-paragraph (i) and (ii) above, in each case determined at the time of purchase.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC.
The Fund may invest in swaps based on a single security or an index of securities, futures contracts, forward contracts on currencies or securities, and options on securities to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities or for hedging purposes, including seeking to manage the Fund's currency exposure to foreign securities and mitigate the Fund's overall risk. Securities index swaps may be used to obtain exposure to different foreign equity markets. Futures and swaps on futures may be used to gain exposure to foreign equity markets and commodities markets. The Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to a security or basket of securities.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs and other investment companies to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities or other instruments directly. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in U.S. and developed foreign country securities, including securities of small capitalization companies.
OPPORTUNISTIC INCOME FUND—The Opportunistic Income Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and current income.
The Opportunistic Income Fund invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of investment grade and non-investment grade fixed-income securities (junk bonds), including: (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities and obligations of U.S. and foreign commercial banks, such as certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers' acceptances and bank notes; (ii) obligations of foreign governments; (iii) U.S. and foreign corporate debt securities, including commercial paper, and fully-collateralized repurchase agreements with counterparties deemed credit-worthy by the Sub-Advisers; and (iv) securitized issues, such as mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, when issued/delayed delivery securities and collateralized debt obligations. These securities may be fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and will primarily be rated CCC- or higher at the time of purchase by at least one ratings agency, although the Fund may also invest in lower rated securities. There are no restrictions on the maturity of any individual securities or on the Fund's average portfolio maturity, although the average portfolio duration of the Fund will typically vary between zero
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and two years. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, allocating the assets among multiple Sub-Advisers that use different investment strategies designed to produce a total return that exceeds the total return of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), which measures the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities.
The Sub-Advisers may seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. Up to 10% of the Fund's assets may be invested in foreign currencies. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Sub-Advisers buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using derivatives, principally futures, foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. In managing the Fund's currency exposure for foreign securities, the Sub-Advisers may buy and sell currencies for hedging or for speculative purposes.
The Fund also invests a portion of its assets in bank loans, which are generally non-investment grade (junk bond) floating rate instruments. Up to 100% of the bank loans in which the Fund invests may be junk bonds. The Fund may invest in bank loans in the form of participations in the loans (participations) and assignments of all or a portion of the loans from third parties (assignments). The Fund may also invest in other financial instruments or use other investment techniques, such as reverse repurchase agreements, to seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which the Fund primarily invests.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts and swaps for speculative or hedging purposes. Futures and swaps are used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives are also used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities or market segments. Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's yield spread sensitivity. When the Fund seeks to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of an event of default of a security or basket of securities, the Fund may use credit default swaps. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer, and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities.
CORE FIXED INCOME FUND—The investment objective of the Core Fixed Income Fund is current income consistent with the preservation of capital.
Under normal circumstances, the Core Fixed Income Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in fixed income securities. The Fund will invest in investment and non-investment grade (junk bond) U.S. and foreign corporate and government fixed income securities, including emerging market, asset-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls and mortgage-backed securities. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in either U.S. dollars or foreign currency. The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Sub-Advisers are selected for their expertise in managing various kinds of fixed income securities and each Sub-Adviser makes investment decisions based on an analysis of yield trends, credit ratings and other factors in accordance with its particular discipline.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps for speculative or hedging purposes. Futures, forwards and swaps are used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives are also used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities, currencies or market segments. Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's yield spread sensitivity. When the Fund seeks to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of an event of default of a security or basket of securities, the Fund may use credit default swaps. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities.
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The Sub-Advisers may also engage in currency transactions using futures and foreign currency forward contracts, either to seek to hedge the Fund's currency exposure or to enhance the Fund's returns. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund will invest primarily in investment grade securities (those rated AAA, AA, A and BBB-). However, the Fund may also invest in non-rated securities or securities rated below investment grade (BB+, B and CCC).
The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in bank loans, which are generally non-investment grade (junk bond) floating rate instruments. The Fund may invest in bank loans in the form of participations in the loans (participations) and assignments of all or a portion of the loans from third parties (assignments).
While each Sub-Adviser chooses securities of different types and maturities, the Fund, in the aggregate, generally will have a dollar-weighted average duration that is consistent with that of the broad U.S. fixed income market, as represented by the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. The dollar-weighted average duration of the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index varies significantly over time, but as of July 31, 2024, it was 6.14 years. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. For example, if a fixed income security has a five-year duration, it will decrease in value by approximately 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by approximately 5% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with a higher duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
HIGH YIELD BOND FUND—The High Yield Bond Fund seeks to maximize total return.
Under normal circumstances, the High Yield Bond Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in high yield fixed income securities. The Fund will invest primarily in fixed income securities rated below investment grade (junk bonds), including corporate bonds and debentures, convertible and preferred securities, zero coupon obligations and tranches of CDOs and CLOs.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC. Assets of the Fund not allocated to Sub-Advisers are managed directly by SIMC. In managing the Fund's assets, the Sub-Advisers and, to the extent applicable, SIMC, seek to select securities that offer a high current yield as well as total return potential. The Fund seeks to have a portfolio of securities that is diversified as to issuers and industries. The Fund's average weighted maturity may vary, but will generally not exceed ten years. There is no limit on the maturity or credit quality of any individual security in which the Fund may invest.
As noted above, the Fund will invest primarily in securities rated BB, B, CCC, CC, C and D. However, it may also invest in non-rated securities or securities rated investment grade (AAA, AA, A and BBB). The Fund may also invest in ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in bank loans, which are generally non-investment grade (junk bond) floating rate instruments. The Fund may invest in bank loans in the form of participations in the loans (participations) and assignments of all or a portion of the loans from third parties (assignments).
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps for speculative or hedging purposes. Futures, forwards and swaps are used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives are also used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities, currencies or market segments. Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's yield spread sensitivity. When the Fund seeks to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of an event of default of a security or basket of securities, the Fund may use credit default swaps. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities.
LONG DURATION FUND—The Long Duration Fund seeks to provide investors with return characteristics similar to those of high-quality bonds.
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Under normal circumstances, the Long Duration Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in investment grade US dollar-denominated fixed income instruments. The Fund will primarily invest in long duration government and corporate fixed income securities and may also invest in synthetic instruments or derivatives having economic characteristics similar to fixed income securities. The Fund will invest in a broad array of fixed income instruments including: (i) U.S. and foreign corporate obligations; (ii) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities; (iii) fixed income securities issued by sovereigns or agencies in both developed and emerging foreign markets; (iv) obligations of supranational entities; and (v) debt obligations issued by state, provincial, county or city governments or other municipalities, as well as those of public utilities, universities and other quasi-governmental bodies.
The Fund will primarily invest in the instruments described above. It may also invest in futures contracts, forward contracts, and swaps, including interest rate swaps, single security swaps, swaps on an index of securities or credit default swaps. The Fund will primarily use such derivatives for hedging purposes to attempt to manage the Fund's exposure to changes in interest rate duration and related investment risks resulting from the interaction of interest rate changes over time and the current value of fixed income securities. The Fund will typically use options and swaps in an attempt to either mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk or to gain exposure to a particular fixed income security or segment of the fixed income market. Interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and total return swaps may be used to manage various portfolio exposures including but not limited to interest rate risk and credit risk. The Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to a security or basket of securities. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in shares of ETFs or mutual funds to obtain exposure to certain fixed income markets.
While the Fund may invest in securities with any maturity or duration, the Fund under normal circumstances will seek to maintain an effective average duration of greater than ten years. The Fund's effective average duration was approximately 13.34 years as of July 31, 2024. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. For example, if a fixed income security has a ten-year duration, it will decrease in value by 10% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 10% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with higher duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, allocating its assets among one or more Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to provide current income consistent with the preservation of capital.
LONG DURATION CREDIT FUND—The Long Duration Credit Fund seeks return characteristics similar to those of high quality bonds.
Under normal circumstances, the Long Duration Credit Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in investment grade US dollar-denominated fixed income instruments. The Fund will primarily invest in (i) U.S. and foreign corporate obligations; (ii) fixed income securities issued by sovereigns or agencies in both developed and emerging foreign markets; (iii) obligations of supranational entities; (iv) debt obligations issued by state, provincial, county, or city governments or other municipalities, as well as those of public utilities, universities and other quasi-governmental bodies; and (v) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities. The Fund will invest primarily in fixed income securities rated in one of the three highest rating categories by a major rating agency and may also invest in fixed income securities rated in the fourth highest rating category by a major rating agency.
The Fund will primarily invest in the instruments described above and may also invest in futures contracts, options on securities or indexes and swaps, including interest rate swaps, single security swaps, swaps on an index of securities or credit default swaps. The Fund will primarily use such derivatives for hedging purposes to attempt to manage the Fund's exposure to changes in interest rate duration and related investment risks
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resulting from the interaction of interest rate changes over time and the current value of fixed income securities. The Fund will typically use options and swaps in an attempt to either mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk or to gain exposure to a particular fixed income security or segment of the fixed income market. Interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and total return swaps may be used to manage various portfolio exposures including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk. The Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to a security or basket of securities. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in shares of ETFs or mutual funds to obtain exposure to certain fixed income markets.
While the Fund may invest in securities with any maturity or duration, the Fund under normal circumstances will seek to maintain an effective average duration of greater than ten years. The Fund's effective average duration was approximately 12.88 years as of July 31, 2024. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. For example, if a fixed income security has a ten-year duration, it will decrease in value by approximately 10% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by approximately 10% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with higher duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, the Fund's adviser, allocating its assets among one or more Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to provide current income consistent with the preservation of capital.
ULTRA SHORT DURATION BOND FUND—The Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund seeks to provide higher current income than that typically offered by a money market fund while maintaining a high degree of liquidity and a correspondingly higher risk of principal volatility.
Under normal circumstances, the Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in investment grade U.S. dollar-denominated debt instruments, including: (i) commercial paper and other corporate obligations; (ii) certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers' acceptances, bank notes and other obligations of U.S. savings and loan and thrift institutions, U.S. commercial banks (including foreign branches of such banks) and foreign banks that meet certain asset requirements; (iii) U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government; (iv) mortgage-backed securities; (v) asset-backed securities; (vi) collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations; (vii) fully-collateralized repurchase agreements involving any of the foregoing obligations; and (viii) U.S. dollar-denominated instruments of foreign issuers. In addition, the Fund may invest in futures contracts, options, swaps and other similar instruments. The primary derivatives used by the Fund are futures contracts, options, interest rate swaps and credit default swaps. The Fund will primarily use futures contracts for hedging purposes to manage the Fund's exposure to interest rate risk. There will be times when the Fund utilizes futures contracts to take an active position to either add or reduce the interest rate sensitivity of the Fund. The Fund will primarily use options and swaps to either mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk or to gain exposure to a particular fixed income security or segment of the fixed income market.
Using a top-down strategy and bottom-up security selection, one or more Sub-Advisers seeks attractively-valued securities that offer competitive yields and that are issued by issuers that are on a sound financial footing. The Sub-Adviser also considers factors such as the anticipated level of interest rates, relative valuations and yield spreads among various sectors and the duration of the Fund's entire portfolio. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates. For example, a five-year duration means that the fixed income security will decrease in value by 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 5% if interest rates fall 1%. While the Fund may invest in securities with any maturity or duration, the Fund will maintain a portfolio duration of 18 months or less under normal market conditions.
To achieve its investment goal, the Fund may invest in one or more SEI-sponsored funds to pursue its investment strategies in an efficient manner. The Fund may invest in a SEI-sponsored fund only if the
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SEI-sponsored fund invests in securities and pursues investment strategies that are consistent with the Fund's investment goal and strategy.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, the Fund's adviser, allocating its assets among Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to provide current income consistent with the preservation of capital.
EMERGING MARKETS DEBT FUND—The investment objective of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund is to maximize total return.
Under normal circumstances, the Emerging Markets Debt Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in fixed income securities of emerging market issuers. The Fund will invest in debt securities of government, government-related and corporate issuers in emerging market countries, as well as entities organized to restructure the outstanding debt of such issuers. The Fund may obtain its exposures by investing directly (e.g., in fixed income securities and other instruments) or indirectly/synthetically (e.g., through the use of derivative instruments, principally futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, including swaps based on a single security or an index of securities, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, currency swaps and fully funded total return swaps, and structured securities, such as credit-linked notes). The Fund may invest in swaps based on a single security or an index of securities, including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, currency swaps and fully-funded total return swaps. Emerging market countries are those countries that are: (i) characterized as developing or emerging by any of the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Finance Corporation, or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (ii) included in an emerging markets index by a recognized index provider; or (iii) countries with similar developing or emerging characteristics as countries classified as emerging market countries pursuant to sub-paragraph (i) and (ii) above, in each case determined at the time of purchase.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach, relying upon a number of Sub-Advisers with differing investment philosophies to manage portions of the Fund's portfolio under the general supervision of SIMC, the Fund's adviser. The Sub-Advisers will spread the Fund's holdings across a number of countries and industries to limit its exposure to a single emerging market economy and may not invest more than 25% of its assets in any single country. There are no restrictions on the Fund's average portfolio maturity or on the maturity of any specific security. There is no minimum rating standard for the Fund's securities and the Fund's securities will generally be in the lower or lowest rating categories (including junk bonds).
The Sub-Advisers may seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Sub-Advisers buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using derivatives, principally, swaps, futures and foreign currency forward contracts. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase its exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. In managing the Fund's currency exposure from foreign securities, the Sub-Advisers may buy and sell currencies for hedging or for speculative purposes.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps for speculative or hedging purposes. Futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps are used to synthetically obtain exposure to the securities identified above or baskets of such securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives are also used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities, currencies or market segments. Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's yield spread sensitivity. When the Fund seeks to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of an event of default of a security or basket of securities, the Fund may use credit default swaps. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities.
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The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities or other instruments directly.
REAL RETURN FUND—The Real Return Fund seeks to provide a total return that exceeds the rate of inflation.
Although the Fund is able to use a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC whereby Fund assets would be allocated among one or more Sub-Advisers, the Real Return Fund's assets currently are managed directly by SIMC. The Fund seeks to produce a return similar to that of the Bloomberg 1-5 Year U.S. TIPS Index, which is the Fund's benchmark index.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest a significant portion of its assets in investment grade fixed income securities, including inflation-indexed bonds of varying maturities issued by the U.S. Treasury, other U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities. An inflation-indexed bond is a bond that is structured so that its principal value will change with inflation. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities ("TIPS") are a type of inflation-indexed bond in which the Fund may invest. The Fund's exposure to fixed income securities is not restricted by maturity requirements.
The Fund may, on a limited basis, also invest in futures contracts for risk management, speculative or hedging purposes. Futures contracts may be used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives may also be used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities or market segments.
The Fund may also invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities and obligations of U.S. and foreign commercial banks, such as time deposits, U.S. and foreign corporate debt including commercial paper and fully-collateralized repurchase agreements with highly rated counterparties (those rated A or better at the time of purchase); and securitized issues, such as mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies.
LIMITED DURATION BOND FUND—The Limited Duration Bond Fund seeks the preservation of capital and current income.
Under normal circumstances, the Limited Duration Bond Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in investment grade U.S. dollar-denominated debt instruments, which may include (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) obligations of U.S. and foreign commercial banks such as certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers' acceptances and bank notes; (iii) corporate obligations; (iv) asset-backed securities; (v) residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations and mortgage dollar rolls; and (vi) U.S. dollar-denominated instruments of foreign issuers.
The Fund may also invest in futures contracts, forward contracts, to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities, options and swaps. The Fund will primarily use futures contracts and forward contracts for hedging purposes to attempt to manage the Fund's exposure to changes in interest rate duration and yield. The Fund will typically use options and swaps to attempt to either mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk or to gain exposure to a particular fixed income security or segment of the fixed income market. Any of these instruments may also be used to take an active position to attempt to add or reduce the Fund's interest rate sensitivity.
Duration measures how changes in interest rates affect the amount of time it takes an issuer to repay a bond from internal cash flows and indicates the price sensitivity of a fixed income security. For example, a five-year duration means that the fixed income security will decrease in value by 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 5% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with higher duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility. Although the Fund may invest in securities with any maturity or duration, the Fund seeks to maintain an effective duration of three years or less under normal market conditions.
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The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, allocating its assets among one or more Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to preserve capital and generate current income. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
INTERMEDIATE DURATION CREDIT FUND—The investment objective of the Intermediate Duration Credit Fund is to seek current income consistent with the preservation of capital.
Under normal circumstances, the Intermediate Duration Credit Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in investment grade US dollar-denominated fixed income instruments. The Fund will primarily invest in (i) US and foreign corporate obligations; (ii) fixed income securities issued by sovereigns or agencies in both developed and emerging foreign markets; (iii) obligations of supranational entities; (iv) debt obligations issued by state, provincial, county, or city governments or other municipalities, as well as those of public utilities, universities and other quasi-governmental bodies; and (v) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities.
Although the Fund will primarily invest in the instruments described above, it may also invest in futures contracts, options on securities, currencies or indexes and swaps, including interest rate swaps, single security swaps, swaps on an index of securities or credit default swaps. The Fund will primarily use such derivatives for hedging purposes to attempt to manage the Fund's exposure to changes in interest rate duration and related investment risks resulting from the interaction of interest rate changes over time and the current value of fixed income securities. The Fund will typically use options and swaps in an attempt to either mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk or to gain exposure to a particular fixed income security or segment of the fixed income market. Interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and total return swaps may be used to manage various portfolio exposures including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk. When the Fund seeks to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of an event of default of a security or basket of securities, the Fund may use credit default swaps. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to such security or basket of securities. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, invest in shares of ETFs or mutual funds to obtain exposure to certain fixed income markets.
Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. For example, if a fixed income security has a five-year duration, it will decrease in value by approximately 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by approximately 5% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with higher duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility. Although the Fund may invest in securities with any maturity or duration, the Fund under normal circumstances will seek to maintain an effective average duration between three and ten years.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, allocating its assets among one or more Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to provide current income consistent with the preservation of capital. Due to its investment strategy, the Fund may buy and sell securities frequently.
DYNAMIC ASSET ALLOCATION FUND—The investment objective of the Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund is long-term total return.
The Fund employs a dynamic investment strategy seeking to achieve, over time, a total return in excess of the broad U.S. equity market by selecting investments from among a broad range of asset classes or market exposures based upon SIMC's expectations of risk and return. Asset classes or market exposures in which the Fund may invest include U.S. and foreign equities and bonds, currencies, and investment exposures to various market characteristics such as interest rates or volatility. Assets of the Fund not allocated to the Sub-Adviser, as discussed below, are managed directly by SIMC.
The asset classes and market exposures used and the Fund's allocations among them are determined based on SIMC's views of fundamental, technical or valuation measures and may be dynamically adjusted (i.e. actively adjusted over long or short periods of time). The Fund may at any particular point in time be diversified across
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many exposures or concentrated in a limited number of exposures, including, possibly, a single asset class or market exposure.
Although the Fund will seek to achieve excess total return through its dynamic investment selection, it will also normally maintain, as a primary component of its strategy, passive exposure to the large capitalization U.S. equity market. To the extent that the Fund is not dynamically invested in other asset classes or market exposures, the Fund's assets will generally be passively invested in a portfolio of securities designed to track, before fees and expenses, the performance of the large capitalization U.S. equity market. This passive exposure to the large capitalization U.S. equity market is implemented by the Fund's sub-adviser.
The Fund may obtain asset class or market exposures by investing directly (e.g., in equity and fixed income securities and other instruments) or indirectly (e.g., through the use of other pooled investment vehicles (including a wholly-owned subsidiary) and/or derivative instruments, principally futures contracts, forward contracts, options and swaps). The particular types of securities and other instruments in which the Fund may invest are further described below. The Fund may invest in particular securities or instruments that are not specifically listed below, but which have similar characteristics or represent similar exposures as those described below.
Equity Securities. The Fund may invest in equity securities, including common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants (including equity-linked warrants) and depositary receipts of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers (including emerging markets) of various market capitalizations and industries.
Fixed Income Securities. The Fund may invest in fixed income securities that are investment or non-investment grade (also known as "junk bonds"), U.S.- or foreign-issued (including emerging markets), and corporate- or government-issued. The Fund's fixed income investments may include asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, CDOs and CLOs, corporate bonds and debentures, commercial paper, ETNs, money market instruments, mortgage dollar rolls, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, when issued/delayed delivery securities, zero coupon bonds, structured notes, construction loans, obligations of foreign governments, and obligations of either supranational entities issued or guaranteed by certain banks and entities organized to restructure the outstanding debt of such issuers.
The Fund's fixed income investments may also include U.S. Treasury obligations, obligations issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (including obligations not guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury), such as obligations issued by U.S. Government sponsored entities, and TIPS and other inflation-linked debt securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. governments and corporations.
The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in bank loans, which are, generally, non-investment grade floating rate instruments, in the form of participations in the loans (participations) and assignments of all or a portion of the loans from third parties (assignments).
The Fund may invest in fixed, variable and floating rate fixed income instruments. The Fund's portfolio and the Fund's investments in particular fixed income securities are not subject to any maturity or duration restrictions.
Other Instruments. The Fund may also invest in REITs and securities issued by U.S. and non-U.S. real estate companies.
Pooled Investment Vehicles. In addition to direct investment in securities and other instruments, the Fund may invest in affiliated and unaffiliated funds, including open-end funds, money market funds, closed-end funds and ETFs, to obtain the Fund's desired exposure to a particular asset class.
Derivative and Commodity Instruments. The Fund may also purchase or sell futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps (including total return swaps, swaptions, caps, floors or collars) for return enhancement or hedging purposes or to obtain the Fund's desired exposure to a particular asset class or market exposure. Futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps may be used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives may also be used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's exposure to the risk of particular types of
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securities or market segments. The Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts (and options on futures contracts) on U.S. Government securities for return enhancement and hedging purposes. The Fund may purchase and sell forward contracts on currencies or securities for return enhancement and hedging purposes. Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's yield spread sensitivity.
Swaps may be used for return enhancement or hedging purposes. Securities index and single-security swaps may be used to manage the inflation-adjusted return of the Fund or to more efficiently gain exposure to a particular security or basket of securities. Total return swaps are used to seek to enhance the Fund's investment return. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer, and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to a security or basket of securities. The Fund may also, to a lesser extent, purchase or sell put or call options on securities, indexes or currencies for return enhancement or hedging purposes or to obtain the Fund's desired exposure to a particular asset class or market exposure.
A portion of the Fund's assets may also be invested in commodity-linked securities to provide exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities. Commodity-linked securities include marketable securities issued by companies that own or invest in commodities or commodities contracts, equity and debt securities of issuers in commodity-related industries, ETFs or other exchange-traded products that are tied to the performance of a commodity or commodity index, or other types of investment vehicles or instruments that provide returns that are tied to commodities or commodity indexes.
The Fund may also seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets, in whole or in part, through investments in a Subsidiary. The Subsidiary, unlike the Fund, may invest to a significant extent in commodities, commodity contracts, commodity investments and derivative instruments. The Subsidiary may also invest in other instruments in which the Fund is permitted to invest, either as investments or to serve as margin or collateral for its derivative positions. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is advised by SIMC.
Currency Exposure. The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar denominated securities. The Fund may also seek to enhance its return by actively managing the Fund's foreign currency exposure. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Fund may buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) using futures, options and foreign currency forward contracts. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase its exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. In managing its currency exposure from foreign securities, the Fund may buy and sell currencies for hedging or for speculative purposes.
Short Sales. The Fund may engage in short sales in an attempt to capitalize on equity securities that are expected to underperform the market or their peers. When the Fund sells securities short, it may invest the proceeds from the short sales in an attempt to enhance returns. This strategy may effectively result in the Fund having a leveraged investment portfolio, which results in greater potential for loss.
The goal of the Fund is to serve as a dynamic overlay to broader strategic allocations. This Fund is intended to be used by shareholders seeking to add a dynamic component to their broader overall investment strategy. An investment in the Fund should not constitute a shareholder's complete investment program. This Fund will represent the active investment views of SIMC.
MULTI-ASSET REAL RETURN FUND—The investment objective of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund is to achieve total return exceeding the rate of inflation.
The Fund uses a multi-manager approach under the general supervision of SIMC, allocating its assets among one or more Sub-Advisers using different investment strategies designed to produce a total return that exceeds the rate of inflation in the U.S. Assets of the Fund not allocated to Sub-Advisers are managed directly by SIMC.
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Under normal circumstances, the Fund will pursue its investment goal by selecting investments from a broad range of asset classes, including fixed income and equity securities and commodity linked instruments. The Fund seeks "real return" (i.e., total returns that exceed the rate of inflation over a full market cycle, regardless of market conditions). The Fund may invest in U.S. and non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities.
Fixed income securities may include: (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities and obligations of U.S. and foreign commercial banks, such as certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers' acceptances and bank notes; (ii) obligations of foreign governments; (iii) TIPS and other inflation-linked debt securities; (iv) U.S. and foreign (including emerging markets) corporate debt securities, including commercial paper, and fully-collateralized repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements with highly rated counterparties (those rated A or better); and (v) securitized issues such as residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. The Fund may invest in debt securities of any credit quality, including those rated below investment grade (junk bonds) or, if unrated, of equivalent credit quality, as determined by the Fund's managers. The Fund may invest in securities with a broad range of maturities. The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to its investment in TIPS. In an attempt to generate excess returns, when the Fund enters into such a TIPS reverse repurchase agreement it will use the cash received to enter into a short position on U.S. Treasury bonds.
Equity securities may include common or preferred stocks, warrants, rights, depositary receipts, equity-linked securities and other equity interests. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers of any market capitalization and may invest in both foreign and domestic equity securities. In addition to direct investment in securities and other instruments, the Fund may invest in ETFs. The Fund may also invest in REITs and U.S. and non-U.S. real estate companies.
A portion of the Fund's assets may also be invested in commodity-linked securities to provide exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities. Commodity-linked securities include notes with interest payments that are tied to an underlying commodity or commodity index, ETFs or other exchange-traded products that are tied to the performance of a commodity or commodity index or other types of investment vehicles or instruments that provide returns that are tied to commodities or commodity indexes. The Fund may also invest in equity and debt securities of issuers in commodity-related industries. The Fund may also seek to gain long and short exposure to the commodity markets, in whole or in part, through investments in a Subsidiary. The Subsidiary, unlike the Fund, may invest to a significant extent in long and short positions in commodities, commodity contracts, commodity investments and derivative instruments. The Subsidiary may also invest in other instruments in which the Fund is permitted to invest, either as investments or to serve as margin or collateral for its derivative positions. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is advised by SIMC.
The Fund may also purchase or sell futures contracts, options, forward contracts and swaps (including swaptions) for return enhancement or hedging purposes. Futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps are used to synthetically obtain exposure to securities or baskets of securities and to manage the Fund's interest rate duration and yield curve exposure. These derivatives are also used to mitigate the Fund's overall level of risk and/or the Fund's risk to particular types of securities or market segments. The Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts and options on U.S. Government securities for return enhancement.
Interest rate swaps are further used to manage the Fund's interest rate risk. Swaps on indexes are used to manage the inflation-adjusted return of the Fund. The Fund may buy credit default swaps in an attempt to manage credit risk where the Fund has credit exposure to an issuer, and the Fund may sell credit default swaps to more efficiently gain credit exposure to a security or basket of securities.
The Sub-Adviser(s) may seek to enhance the Fund's return by actively managing the Fund's currency exposure. In managing the Fund's currency exposure, the Sub-Adviser(s) may buy and sell currencies (i.e., take long or short positions) through the use of cash, securities and/or currency-related derivatives, including, without limitation, currency forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps and options. The Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular
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currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase their exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
The Sub-Adviser(s) may engage in short sales in an attempt to capitalize on equity securities that they believe will underperform the market or their peers. When a Sub-Adviser(s) sells securities short, it may invest the proceeds from the short sales in an attempt to enhance returns. This strategy may effectively result in the Fund having a leveraged investment portfolio, which results in greater potential for loss.
There can be no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objectives.
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RISK FACTORS
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices of the Funds, including those discussed in the applicable Prospectus and the Funds' "Investment Objectives and Policies" section of this SAI and the associated risk factors. A Fund may purchase any of these instruments and/or engage in any of these investment practices if, in the opinion of SIMC or the Sub-Advisers, such investments or investment practices will be advantageous to the Fund. A Fund is free to reduce or eliminate its activity in any of these areas. SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable, may invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices unless such investment or activity is inconsistent with and not permitted by a Fund's stated investment policies. There is no assurance that any of these strategies or any other strategies and methods of investment available to a Fund will result in the achievement of the Fund's investment objectives.
ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES—The Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund employs a diversified investment approach using various strategies simultaneously to realize short- and long-term gains. Such strategies are primarily designed to reduce fluctuations in the value of traditional assets and are distinguishable from traditional strategies (i.e., strategies generally investing in long only equity, fixed income securities or money market instruments) employed by mutual funds. The Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund can implement a Global Tactical Asset Allocation Strategy (as described below), and the Fund may implement the following alternative strategies.
Directional (Tactical) Strategies. Directional trading strategies are based upon speculating on the direction of market prices of currencies, commodities, equities and bonds in the futures and cash markets. A Sub-Adviser may rely on model-based systems to generate buy and sell signals. Others use a more subjective approach, ultimately using their own discretionary judgment in implementing trades. Strategies include long/short equity, long/short credit and global tactical asset allocation.
Long/Short Equity Strategy invests in securities believed to be undervalued or offer high growth opportunities while also attempting to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of an overvalued company or index by using short sales or options on common stocks or indexes. A Sub-Adviser may also use leverage and derivatives, including options, financial futures and options on futures contracts. The Sub-Adviser seeks returns from strong security selection on both the long and short sides. These long and short positions may be completely unrelated. The primary risk in this strategy is that the Sub-Adviser may exhibit poor security selection, losing money on both the long and short sides.
Long/Short Credit Strategy focuses on short positions by utilizing credit default swaps to anticipate the decline in the price of an overvalued security or by utilizing treasury futures to hedge interest rate risk. Strategies may also involve leverage and hedging through the use of ETFs or various derivatives, such as futures contracts, credit default swaps or total return swaps or committed term reverse repurchase facilities or other financings in order to enhance total return. The Fund may use certain derivatives to obtain greater leverage than would otherwise be achievable.
Global Tactical Asset Allocation is an investment strategy that attempts to exploit short-term market inefficiencies by taking positions in various markets with a view to profit from relative movements across those
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markets. The strategy focuses on general movements in the markets rather than on performance of individual securities. Generally, the strategy implements long and short positions in highly liquid futures and forward contracts across an investment universe of equity indexes, fixed income and currencies.
Event-Driven Strategies seek to exploit pricing inefficiencies that may occur before or after a corporate event, such as a bankruptcy, merger, acquisition or spinoff. A Sub-Adviser will analyze the potential event and determine the likelihood of the event actually occurring and purchase the stock of the target company with a view of selling it after its price has risen in connection with that event. Many corporate events, however, do not occur as planned. If a Sub-Adviser fails to accurately assess whether a corporate event will actually occur, it can ultimately reduce the price of a company's stock and cause the Fund to lose its investments.
Arbitrage Strategies focus on relative pricing discrepancies between instruments including equities, debt, futures contracts and options. A Sub-Adviser may employ mathematical, technical or fundamental analysis to determine incorrectly valued investments. Investments may be mispriced relative to an underlying security, related securities, groups of securities or the overall market. Positions are frequently hedged to isolate the discrepancy and to minimize market risk. Investments may represent either short-term trading opportunities or longer-term fundamental judgment on the relative performance of a security.
Fixed income or interest rate arbitrage aims to profit from price anomalies between related interest rate securities. This strategy includes interest rate swap arbitrage, U.S. and non-U.S. government bond arbitrage, forward yield curve arbitrage and mortgage-backed securities arbitrage, offsetting long and short positions in financial instruments likely to be affected by changes in interest rates.
Convertible arbitrage involves buying convertible bonds (bonds that are convertible into common stock) or shares of convertible preferred stock (stock that is convertible into common stock) that are believed to be undervalued. In addition to taking "long" positions (i.e., owning the security) in convertible bonds or convertible preferred stock, a Sub-Adviser may take "short" positions (i.e., borrowing and later selling the security) in the underlying common stock into which the convertible securities are exchangeable in order to hedge against market risk. The strategy is intended to capitalize on relative pricing inefficiencies between the related securities. This strategy may be employed with a directional bias (the Sub-Adviser anticipates the direction of the market) or on a market neutral basis (the direction of the market does not have a significant impact on returns). The source of return from this strategy arises from the fact that convertible bonds may be undervalued relative to other securities due to the complexity of investing in these securities. The primary risk associated with this strategy is that, in the event of an issuer bankruptcy, the short position may not fully cover the loss on the convertible security. Convertible bond hedging strategies may also be adversely affected by changes in the level of interest rates, downgrades in credit ratings, credit spread fluctuations, defaults and lack of liquidity.
Pairs trading combines a long position in a particular security with a short position in a similar security in the same or related industry or sector. A Sub-Adviser identifies a pair of securities that are correlated (i.e., the price of one security moves in the same direction of the price of the other security) and looks for divergence of correlation between shares of a pair. When a divergence is noticed, the Sub-Adviser takes the opposite position for securities in a pair. For stocks, currencies and futures, the Sub-Adviser would take a long position for the underperforming security and a short position for the over-performing security. For options, the Sub-Adviser would write a put option for underperforming stock and a call option for outperforming stock. A profit can be realized when the divergence is corrected and the securities are brought to original correlation by market forces. Although the strategy does not have much downside risk, there is a scarcity of opportunities.
Equity value neutral seeks to buy an undervalued stock and, essentially simultaneously, short a similar overvalued stock against it, thereby taking advantage of pricing differences between the related equity securities. The strategy is designed to neutralize sector risks and will generally seek to have low correlation to major market indexes. The strategy is based on the relative difference between such companies, not whether the companies are overvalued or undervalued in absolute terms. The primary risk inherent in the strategy is that weaker companies may gain value or stronger companies may lose value relative to their peers and it is possible to lose money on both the long position and the short position.
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AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS—ADRs, as well as other "hybrid" forms of ADRs, including EDRs, CDRs and GDRs, are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. These certificates are issued by depositary banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer's home country. The depositary bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may subject a Fund to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuation in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices different from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the United States.
Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (unsponsored and sponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder's rights and obligations and the practices of market participants. A depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer. Typically, however, the depositary requests a letter of non-objection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depositary usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions and the performance of other services. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.
Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depositary and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depositary), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositaries of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer's request.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES—Asset-backed securities are securities that are backed primarily by the cash flows of a discrete pool of fixed or revolving receivables or other financial assets that by their terms convert into cash within a finite time period. Asset-backed securities include mortgage-backed securities, but the term is more commonly used to refer to securities supported by non-mortgage assets such as auto loans, motor vehicle leases, student loans, credit card receivables, floorplan receivables, equipment leases and peer-to-peer loans. The assets are removed from any potential bankruptcy estate of an operating company through the true sale of the assets to an issuer that is a special purpose entity, and the issuer obtains a perfected security interest in the assets. Payments of principal of and interest on asset-backed securities rely entirely on the performance of the underlying assets. Asset-backed securities are generally not insured or guaranteed by the related sponsor or any other entity and therefore, if the assets or sources of funds available to the issuer are insufficient to pay those securities, the Funds will incur losses. In addition, asset-backed securities entail prepayment risk that may vary depending on the type of asset, but is generally less than the prepayment risk associated with
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mortgage-backed securities. Additional risks related to collateralized risk obligations, CLOs and mortgage-backed securities are described below.
Losses may be greater for asset-backed securities that are issued as "pass-through certificates" rather than as debt securities, because those types of certificates only represent a beneficial ownership interest in the related assets and their payment is based primarily on collections actually received. For asset-backed securities as a whole, if a securitization issuer defaults on its payment obligations due to losses or shortfalls on the assets held by the issuer, a sale or liquidation of the assets may not be sufficient to support payments on the securities and the Funds, as securityholders, may suffer a loss.
Recent changes in legislation, together with uncertainty about the nature and timing of regulations that will be promulgated to implement such legislation, has created uncertainty in the credit and other financial markets and other unknown risks. The Dodd-Frank Act, for example, imposes a new regulatory framework on the U.S. financial services industry and the consumer credit markets in general. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act and similar measures to re-regulate the credit markets and, in particular, the structured finance markets, the manner in which asset-backed securities are issued and structured has been altered and the reporting obligations of the issuers of such securities may be significantly increased or may become costlier. The value or liquidity of any asset-backed securities held or acquired by the Funds may be adversely affected as a result of these changes.
In particular, the implementation of Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (and related regulations) prohibiting certain banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading (the so-called Volcker Rule) and of Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act (and related regulations) requiring the "sponsor" of a securitization to retain no less than 5% of the credit risk of the assets collateralizing the asset-backed securities, could have a negative effect on the marketability and liquidity of asset-backed securities (including mortgage-backed securities and CDOs and CLOs), whether in the primary issuance or in secondary trading. It is possible that the risk retention rules may reduce the number of new issuances of private-label mortgage backed securities or the number of collateral managers active in the CDO and CLO markets, which also may result in fewer new issue securities. A contraction or reduced liquidity in the asset-backed, CDO or CLO markets could reduce opportunities for the Funds to sell their securities and might adversely affect the management flexibility of the Funds in relation to the respective portfolios.
In addition to the changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC adopted rules in August 2014 that substantially revise "Regulation AB" (the SEC's principal source of rules for asset-backed securities) and other rules governing the offering process, disclosure and reporting for asset-backed securities issued in registered transactions. Among other things, those rules require enhanced disclosure of asset-level information at the time of the securitization and on an ongoing basis. Certain elements of proposed Regulation AB remain outstanding, including the proposal that issuers of structured finance products offered privately provide the same initial and ongoing information as would be required if the offering were public. It is not clear when or whether any of the proposed revisions to Regulation AB that remain outstanding will be adopted, how those standards will be implemented, or what effect those standards will have on securitization transactions. The rules may, for example, have the effect of impeding new issuances and reducing the availability of investments for the Funds, or adversely affecting the market value of legacy securities that do not conform with the new rules.
There is a limited secondary market for asset-backed securities. Consequently, it may be difficult for the Funds to sell or realize profits on those securities at favorable times or for favorable prices.
CDO and CLO securities are non-recourse obligations of their issuer payable solely from the related underlying collateral or its proceeds. Therefore, as a holder of CDOs and CLOs, the Funds must rely only on distributions on the underlying collateral or related proceeds for payment. If distributions on the underlying collateral are insufficient to make payments on the CDO or CLO securities, no other assets will be available for payment of the deficiency. As a result, the amount and timing of interest and principal payments in respect of CDO and CLO securities will depend on the performance and characteristics of the related underlying collateral.
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Recent legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, together with uncertainty about the nature and timing of regulations that will be promulgated to implement such legislation, may continue to create uncertainty in the credit and other financial markets. Given that all applicable final implementing rules and regulations have not yet been published or are not yet in effect, the potential impact of these actions on CDOs and CLOs owned by the Funds is unknown. If existing transactions are not exempted from the new rules or regulations, compliance with those rules and regulations could impose significant costs on the issuers of CDOs and CLOs and ultimately adversely impact the holders (including the Funds) of those types of securities.
COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS AND COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS—A Fund may invest in collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"). CLOs are structured securities collateralized by a pool of senior secured loans extended to below investment grade borrowers. Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") are also structured securities, but are collateralized by a mix of debt obligations, which may include mortgage-backed securities, trust preferred securities, and other securities backed by fixed income assets.
For CLOs and CDOs, the cash flows from the assets are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the "equity" tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since they are partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CLO or CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO or CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, as well as aversion to CLO or CDO securities as a class.
The risks of an investment in a CLO or CDO depends largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which a Fund invests. Normally, CLOs and CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs and CDOs may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CLOs and CDOs allowing them to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with investing in fixed income securities, investing in CLOs and CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; and (iii) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
COMMERCIAL PAPER—Commercial paper is the term used to designate unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by corporations and other entities to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance generally not exceeding 270 days. The value of commercial paper may be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entities. The value of commercial paper will tend to fall when interest rates rise and rise when interest rates fall.
COMMODITY INVESTMENTS—Certain Funds may seek to provide exposure to the investment returns of real assets that trade in the commodity markets through investments in commodity-linked instruments, which are designed to provide this exposure without direct investment in physical commodities or commodities futures contracts. Real assets are assets such as oil, gas, industrial and precious metals, livestock, agricultural or meat products or other items that have tangible properties, as compared to stocks or bonds, which are financial instruments. The Sub-Advisers and, to the extent it directly manages the assets of a Fund, SIMC, seek to provide exposure to various commodities and commodity sectors. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of particular industries or commodities, such as weather, disease, embargoes, acts of war or terrorism, or political and regulatory developments. The prices of commodity-linked instruments may move in different directions than investments in traditional equity and debt securities when the value of those traditional securities is declining due to adverse economic conditions. For example, during periods of rising inflation, debt securities have historically tended to decline in value due to the general increase in prevailing interest rates. Conversely, during those same periods of rising inflation, the prices of certain commodities, such as oil and metals, have historically tended to increase in value. Of course, there cannot be any guarantee that these
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investments will perform in the same manner in the future, and at certain times the price movements of commodity-linked instruments have been parallel to those of debt and equity securities. In general, commodities have historically tended to increase and decrease in value during different parts of the business cycle than financial assets. Nevertheless, at various times, commodity prices may move in tandem with the prices of financial assets and thus may not provide overall portfolio diversification benefits.
Commodity-linked instruments in which a Fund invests may not produce "qualifying income" for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test (as defined below in the section titled "Taxes"), which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. To the extent a Fund invests in commodity-linked instruments directly, such Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such instruments so that, when combined with its other non-qualifying income, such Fund's non-qualifying income is less than 10% of its gross income. However, a Fund may generate more non-qualifying income than anticipated, may not be able to generate qualifying income in a particular taxable year at levels sufficient to meet the Qualifying Income Test, or may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments. Accordingly, the extent to which a Fund invests in commodities or commodity-linked instruments directly may be limited by the Qualifying Income Test, which a Fund must continue to satisfy to maintain its status as a RIC. Failure to comply with the Qualifying Income Test could negatively affect a shareholder's return from a Fund. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may be able to cure a failure to meet the Qualifying Income Test, but in order to do so the Fund may incur significant Fund-level taxes, which would effectively reduce (and could eliminate) the Fund's returns.
CONSTRUCTION LOANS—In general, construction loans are mortgages on multifamily homes that are insured by the FHA under various federal programs of the National Housing Act of 1934 and its amendments. Several FHA programs have evolved to insure the construction financing and permanent mortgage financing on multifamily residences, nursing homes, elderly residential facilities and health care units. Project loans typically trade in two forms: either as FHA-insured or GNMA insured pass-through securities. In this case, a qualified issuer issues the pass-through securities while holding the underlying mortgage loans as collateral. Regardless of form, all projects are government-guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development through the FHA insurance fund. The credit backing of all FHA and GNMA projects derives from the FHA insurance fund, so projects issued in either form enjoy the full faith and credit backing of the U.S. Government.
Most project pools consist of one large mortgage loan rather than numerous smaller mortgages, as is typically the case with agency single-family mortgage securities. As such, prepayments on projects are driven by the incentives most mortgagors have to refinance and are very project-specific in nature. However, to qualify for certain government programs, many project securities contain specific prepayment restrictions and penalties.
Under multifamily insurance programs, the government insures the construction financing of projects as well as the permanent mortgage financing on the completed structures. This is unlike the single-family mortgage market, in which the government only insures mortgages on completed homes. Investors purchase new projects by committing to fund construction costs on a monthly basis until the project is built. Upon project completion, an investor's construction loan commitments are converted into a proportionate share of the final permanent project mortgage loan. The construction financing portion of a project trades in the secondary market as an insured CLC. When the project is completed, the investor exchanges all the monthly CLCs for an insured PLC. The PLC is an insured pass-through security backed by the final mortgage on the completed property. As such, PLCs typically have a thirty-five to forty year maturity, depending on the type of final project. There are vastly more PLCs than CLCs in the market, owing to the long economic lives of the project structures. While neither CLCs nor PLCs are as liquid as agency single-family mortgage securities, both are traded on the secondary market and would generally not be considered illiquid. The benefit to owning these securities is a relatively high yield combined with significant prepayment protection, which generally makes these types of securities more attractive when prepayments are expected to be high in the mortgage market. CLCs typically offer a higher yield due to the fact that they are somewhat more administratively burdensome.
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COUNTRY CONCENTRATION—A Fund's concentration of its assets in issuers located in a single country or a limited number of countries will increase the impact of, and potential losses associated with, the risks set forth in Foreign Securities and Emerging and Frontier Markets.
CREDIT-LINKED NOTES—Credit-linked notes and similarly structured products typically are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, enters into a credit protection agreement or invests in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps or interest rate swaps, to obtain exposure to certain fixed-income markets or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available. Additional information about derivatives and the risks associated with them is provided under "Swaps, Caps, Floors, Collars and Swaptions." Like an investment in a bond, an investment in credit-linked notes represents the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on the issuer's receipt of payments from, and the issuer's potential obligations to, the counterparties to certain credit protection agreements or derivative instruments entered into by the issuer of the credit-linked note. For example, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps entitling the issuer to receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. An investor holding a credit-linked note generally receives a fixed or floating coupon and the note's par value upon maturity, unless the referenced creditor defaults or declares bankruptcy, in which case the investor receives the amount recovered. In effect, investors holding credit-linked notes receive a higher yield in exchange for assuming the risk of a specified credit event.
CURRENT MARKET CONDITIONS RISK—Current market conditions risk is the risk that a particular investment, or shares of the Funds in general, may fall in value due to current market conditions. As a means to fight inflation, which remains at elevated levels, the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have raised interest rates and expect to continue to do so, and the Federal Reserve has announced that it intends to reverse previously implemented quantitative easing. U.S. regulators have proposed several changes to market and issuer regulations that could directly impact the Funds, and any regulatory changes could adversely impact the Funds' ability to achieve their investment strategies or make certain investments. Recent and potential future bank failures could result in disruption to the broader banking industry or markets generally and reduce confidence in financial institutions and the economy as a whole, which may also heighten market volatility and reduce liquidity. The ongoing adversarial political climate in the United States, as well as political and diplomatic events both domestic and abroad, have and may continue to have an adverse impact on the U.S. regulatory landscape, markets and investor behavior, which could have a negative impact on the Funds' investments and operations. Other unexpected political, regulatory and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy. For example, ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among Israel, Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East, have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions and volatility within the markets in Russia, Europe, the Middle East and the United States. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities have and could continue to have a significant impact on certain Fund investments as well as Fund performance and liquidity. The economies of the United States and its trading partners, as well as the financial markets generally, may be adversely impacted by trade disputes and other matters. If geopolitical conflicts develop or worsen, economies, markets and individual securities may be adversely affected, and the value of the Funds' assets may go down. The COVID-19 global pandemic, or any future public health crisis, and the ensuing policies enacted by governments and central banks have caused and may continue to cause significant volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets, negatively impacting global growth prospects. While vaccines have been developed, there is no guarantee that vaccines will be effective against emerging future variants of the disease. As this global pandemic illustrated, such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Advancements in technology may also adversely impact markets and the overall performance of the Funds. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial
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intelligence. These events, and any other future events, may adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Funds' portfolio investments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets.
DEMAND INSTRUMENTS—Certain instruments may entail a demand feature that permits the holder to demand payment of the principal amount of the instrument. Demand instruments may include variable amount master demand notes. Demand instruments with demand notice periods exceeding seven days are considered to be illiquid securities. Additional information about illiquid securities is provided under "Illiquid Securities" below.
DERIVATIVES—In an attempt to reduce systemic and counterparty risks associated with OTC derivative transactions, the Dodd-Frank Act requires that a substantial portion of OTC derivatives be executed in regulated markets and submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses. The CFTC also requires a substantial portion of derivative transactions that have historically been executed on a bilateral basis in the OTC markets to be executed through a regulated swap execution facility or designated contract market. The SEC is expected to eventually impose a similar requirement with respect to security-based swaps. Such requirements could limit the ability of the Funds to invest or remain invested in derivatives and may make it more difficult and costly for investment funds, including the Funds, to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions. They may also render certain strategies in which a Fund might otherwise engage impossible or so costly that they will no longer be economical to implement.
OTC trades submitted for clearing will be subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse, as may be adjusted to a higher amount by the Fund's Futures Commission Merchant, as well as possible SEC- or CFTC-mandated margin requirements. With respect to uncleared swaps, swap dealers are required to collect variation margin from a Fund and may be required to collect initial margin from a Fund pursuant to the CFTC's or the Prudential Regulators' uncleared swap margin rules. Both initial and variation margin must be in the form of eligible collateral, and may be composed of cash and/or securities, subject to applicable regulatory haircuts. These rules also mandate that collateral in the form of initial margin be posted to cover potential future exposure attributable to uncleared swap transactions for certain entities, which may include the Funds. In the event a Fund is required to post collateral in the form of initial margin in respect of its uncleared swap transactions, all such collateral will be posted with a third-party custodian pursuant to a triparty custody agreement between the Fund, its dealer counterparty and an unaffiliated custodian.
Although the Dodd-Frank Act requires many OTC derivative transactions previously entered into on a principal-to-principal basis to be submitted for clearing by a regulated clearinghouse, certain of the derivatives that may be traded by a Fund may remain principal-to-principal or OTC contracts between the Fund and third parties. The risk of counterparty non-performance can be significant in the case of these OTC instruments, and "bid-ask" spreads may be unusually wide in these markets. To the extent not mitigated by implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, if at all, the risks posed by such instruments and techniques, which can be complex, may include: (1) credit risks (the exposure to the possibility of loss resulting from a counterparty's failure to meet its financial obligations), as further discussed below; (2) market risk (adverse movements in the price of a financial asset or commodity); (3) legal risks (the characterization of a transaction or a party's legal capacity to enter into it could render the transaction unenforceable, and the insolvency or bankruptcy of a counterparty could pre-empt otherwise enforceable contract rights); (4) operational risk (inadequate controls, deficient procedures, human error, system failure or fraud); (5) documentation risk (exposure to losses resulting from inadequate documentation); (6) liquidity risk (exposure to losses created by inability to prematurely terminate derivative transactions); (7) systemic risk (the risk that financial difficulties in one institution or a major market disruption will cause uncontrollable financial harm to the financial system); (8) concentration risk (exposure to losses from the concentration of closely related risks such as exposure to a particular industry or exposure linked to a particular entity); and (9) settlement risk (the risk faced when one party to a transaction has performed its obligations under a contract but has not yet received value from its counterparty).
Swap dealers and major swap participants that are registered with the CFTC and with whom a Fund may trade are subject to minimum capital and margin requirements. These requirements may apply irrespective of whether the OTC derivatives in question are traded bilaterally or cleared. OTC derivatives dealers are subject to business conduct standards, disclosure requirements, reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
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transparency requirements, position limits, limitations on conflicts of interest, and other regulatory burdens. These requirements may increase the overall costs for OTC derivative dealers, which are likely to be passed along, at least partially, to market participants in the form of higher fees or less advantageous dealer marks. The full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on the Funds remains uncertain, and it is unclear how the OTC derivatives markets will ultimately adapt to this new regulatory regime.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act governs a Fund's use of derivative instruments and certain other transactions that create future payment and/or delivery obligations by the Fund. Rule 18f-4 permits a Fund to enter into Derivative Transactions (as defined below) and certain other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of "senior securities" under Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Section 18 of the 1940 Act, among other things, prohibits open-end funds, including a Fund, from issuing or selling any "senior security," other than borrowing from a bank (subject to a requirement to maintain 300% "asset coverage"). In connection with the adoption of Rule 18f-4, the SEC eliminated the asset segregation framework arising from prior SEC guidance for covering Derivative Transactions and certain financial instruments.
Under Rule 18f-4, "Derivative Transactions" include the following: (1) any swap, security-based swap (including a contract for differences), futures contract, forward contract, option (excluding purchased options), any combination of the foregoing, or any similar instrument, under which a Fund is or may be required to make any payment or delivery of cash or other assets during the life of the instrument or at maturity or early termination, whether as margin or settlement payment or otherwise; (2) any short sale borrowing; (3) reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, if a Fund elects to treat these transactions as Derivative Transactions under Rule 18f-4; and (4) when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be-announced ("TBA") commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities, unless the Fund intends to physically settle the transactions and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date.
Rule 18f-4 requires that a Fund that invests in Derivative Transactions above a specified amount adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program administered by a derivatives risk manager that is appointed by and overseen by the Funds' Board, and comply with an outer limit on Fund leverage risk based on value at risk. A Fund that uses Derivative Transactions in a limited amount are considered "limited derivatives users," as defined in Rule 18f-4, will not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4, but will have to adopt and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage the Funds' derivatives risk. A Fund will be subject to reporting and recordkeeping requirements regarding its use of Derivative Transactions.
The requirements of Rule 18f-4 may limit a Fund's ability to engage in Derivative Transactions as part of its investment strategies. These requirements may also increase the cost of a Fund's investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund's investments and/or the performance of the Fund. The rule also may not be effective to limit a Fund's risk of loss. In particular, measurements of VaR rely on historical data and may not accurately measure the degree of risk reflected in a Fund's derivatives or other investments. There may be additional regulation of the use of Derivative Transactions by registered investment companies, which could significantly affect their use. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation of Derivative Transactions may make them more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets.
More information about particular types of derivatives instruments is included below in the sections titled "Forward Foreign Currency Contracts," "Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts," "Options," and "Swaps, Caps, Floors, Collars and Swaptions."
DISTRESSED SECURITIES—Distressed securities are securities of issuers that are in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled or potentially troubled, and may be, or have recently been, involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. Distressed securities are considered risky investments, although they may also offer the potential for correspondingly high returns.
Such issuers' securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of such issuers to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate, economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within such issuers.
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DOLLAR ROLLS—Dollar rolls are transactions in which securities (usually mortgage-backed securities) are sold for delivery in the current month and the seller simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. The difference between the sale price and the purchase price (plus any interest earned on the cash proceeds of the sale) is netted against the interest income foregone on the securities sold to arrive at an implied borrowing rate. Alternatively, the sale and purchase transactions can be executed at the same price, with a Fund being paid a fee as consideration for entering into the commitment to purchase. Dollar rolls may be renewed prior to cash settlement and may initially involve only a firm commitment agreement by a Fund to buy a security. If the broker-dealer to whom a Fund sells the security becomes insolvent, the Fund's right to repurchase the security may be restricted. Other risks involved in entering into dollar rolls include the risk that the value of the security may change adversely over the term of the dollar roll and that the security a Fund is required to repurchase may be worth less than the security that the Fund originally held.
A Fund must comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act with respect to its dollar roll transactions, which are considered Derivative Transactions under the Rule. See "Derivatives" above.
EQUITY-LINKED WARRANTS—Equity-linked warrants provide a way for investors to access markets where entry is difficult and time consuming due to regulation. Typically, a broker issues warrants to an investor and then purchases shares in the local market and issues a call warrant hedged on the underlying holding. If the investor exercises his call and closes his position, the shares are sold and the warrant is redeemed with the proceeds.
Each warrant represents one share of the underlying stock. Therefore, the price, performance and liquidity of the warrant are all directly linked to the underlying stock. The warrant can be redeemed for 100% of the value of the underlying stock (less transaction costs). As American-style warrants, they can be exercised at any time. The warrants are U.S. dollar-denominated and priced daily on several international stock exchanges.
There are risks associated with equity-linked warrants. The investor will bear the full counterparty risk to the issuing broker; however, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser may select to mitigate this risk by only purchasing from issuers with high credit ratings. Equity-linked warrants also have a longer settlement period because they go through the same registration process as the underlying shares (about three weeks) and during this time the shares cannot be sold. There is currently no active trading market for equity-linked warrants. Certain issuers of such warrants may be deemed to be "investment companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a Fund's investment in such warrants may be limited by certain investment restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
EQUITY SECURITIES—Equity securities represent ownership interests in a company and include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock and securities convertible into common stock.
In general, investments in equity securities are subject to market risks, which may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate. The Funds purchase and sell equity securities in various ways, including through recognized foreign exchanges, registered exchanges in the United States or the OTC market. Equity securities are described in more detail below:
Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer that pays dividends at a specified rate and that has precedence over common stock in the payment of dividends. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. A Fund may purchase preferred stock of all ratings as well as unrated stock.
Warrants. Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do
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not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged by the holder or by the issuer into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio. A convertible security may also be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party.
Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Convertible securities generally provide yields that are higher than the underlying common stocks, but generally lower than comparable non-convertible securities. Because of this higher yield, convertible securities generally sell at a price above their "conversion value," which is the current market value of the stock to be received upon conversion. The difference between this conversion value and the price of convertible securities will vary over time depending on changes in the value of the underlying common stocks and interest rates. When the underlying common stocks decline in value, convertible securities will tend not to decline to the same extent because of the interest or dividend payments and the repayment of principal at maturity for certain types of convertible securities. However, securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities convertible at the option of the holder. When the underlying common stocks rise in value, the value of convertible securities may also be expected to increase. At the same time, however, the difference between the market value of convertible securities and their conversion value will narrow, which means that the value of convertible securities will generally not increase to the same extent as the value of the underlying common stocks. Because convertible securities may also be interest rate sensitive, their value may increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. Convertible securities are also subject to credit risk and are often lower-quality securities. The Funds that invest in convertible securities may purchase convertible securities of all ratings, as well as unrated securities.
Small and Medium Capitalization Issuers. Investing in equity securities of small and medium capitalization companies often involves greater risk than is customarily associated with investments in larger capitalization companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of smaller size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and the frequent lack of depth of management associated with small and medium capitalization companies. The securities of small and medium capitalization companies typically have lower trading volumes than large capitalization companies and consequently are often less liquid. Such securities may also have less market stability and may be subject to more severe, abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.
Initial Public Offerings ("IPOs"). Certain Funds may purchase securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an IPO. An IPO is a company's first offering of stock to the public in the primary market, typically to raise additional capital. Like all equity securities, IPO securities are subject to market risk and liquidity risk, but those risks may be heightened for IPO securities. The market value of IPO securities may fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market for the security, unseasoned trading of the security, the small number of shares available for trading, limited information about the issuer, and aberrational trading activity and market interest surrounding the IPO. There is also the possibility of losses resulting from the difference between the issue price and potential diminished value of the security once it is traded in the secondary market. In addition, the purchase of IPO securities may involve high transaction costs. The Funds' investment in IPO securities may have a significant positive or negative impact on the Funds' performance and may result in significant capital gains.
EUROBONDS—A Eurobond is a fixed income security denominated in U.S. dollars or another currency and sold to investors outside of the country whose currency is used. Eurobonds may be issued by government or corporate issuers and are typically underwritten by banks and brokerage firms from numerous countries.
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Although Eurobonds typically pay principal and interest in Eurodollars or U.S. dollars held in banks outside of the United States, they may pay principal and interest in other currencies.
EXCHANGE-TRADED PRODUCTS—Certain Funds may directly purchase shares of or interests in ETPs (including ETFs, ETNs and exchange-traded commodity pools). A Fund will only invest in ETPs to the extent consistent with its investment objectives, policies, strategies and limitations.
The risks of owning interests of ETPs generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities or other instruments that the ETP is designed to track. The shares of certain ETPs may trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the NAV of an ETP's shares). For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF's investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid markets. The value of an ETN may also differ from the valuation of its reference market or instrument due to changes in the issuer's credit rating. By investing in an ETP, a Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETP in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund's operations. Because certain ETPs may have a significant portion of their assets exposed directly or indirectly to commodities or commodity-linked instruments, developments affecting commodities may have a disproportionate impact on such ETPs and may subject the ETPs to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.
ETFs. ETFs are investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act as open-end funds or unit investment trusts. ETFs are actively traded on national securities exchanges and are generally based on specific domestic and foreign market indexes. An "index-based ETF" seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. Because ETFs are based on an underlying basket of stocks or an index, they are subject to the same market fluctuations as these types of securities in volatile market swings.
ETNs. ETNs are generally senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities issued by a sponsor. ETNs are designed to provide investors with a different way to gain exposure to the returns of market benchmarks, particularly those in the natural resource and commodity markets. An ETN's returns are based on the performance of a market index minus fees and expenses. ETNs are not equity investments or investment companies, but they do share some characteristics with those investment vehicles. As with equities, ETNs can be shorted, and as with ETFs and index funds, ETNs are designed to track the total return performance of a benchmark index. Like ETFs, ETNs are traded on an exchange and can be bought and sold on the listed exchange. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN's maturity, at which time the issuer will pay a return linked to the performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments, and principal is not protected. The market value of an ETN is determined by supply and demand, the current performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked and the credit rating of the ETN issuer.
The market value of ETN shares may differ from their NAV. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities/commodities/instruments underlying the index that the ETN seeks to track. The value of an ETN may also change due to a change in the issuer's credit rating. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its NAV.
Certain ETNs may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test (as defined below in the section titled "Taxes"), which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. The Funds intend to monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits, but the Funds may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments (see more information in the "Taxes" section of this SAI).
Exchange-Traded Commodity Pools. Exchange-traded commodity pools are similar to ETFs in some ways, but are not structured as registered investment companies. Shares of exchange-traded commodity pools trade on an exchange and are registered under the 1933 Act. Unlike mutual funds, exchange-traded commodity pools generally will not distribute dividends to shareholders. There is a risk that the changes in the price of an
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exchange-traded commodity pool's shares on the exchange will not closely track the changes in the price of the underlying commodity or index that the pool is designed to track. This could happen if the price of shares does not correlate closely with the pool's NAV, the changes in the pool's NAV do not correlate closely with the changes in the price of the pool's benchmark, or the changes in the benchmark do not correlate closely with the changes in the cash or spot price of the commodity that the benchmark is designed to track. Exchange-traded commodity pools are often used as a means of investing indirectly in a particular commodity or group of commodities, and there are risks involved in such investments. Commodity prices are inherently volatile, and the market value of a commodity may be influenced by many unpredictable factors which interrelate in complex ways, such that the effect of one factor may offset or enhance the effect of another. Supply and demand for certain commodities tends to be particularly concentrated. Commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including periodic illiquidity in the markets for certain positions, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in some futures contract prices that may occur during a single business day. These and other risks and hazards that are inherent in a commodity or group of commodities may cause the price of that commodity or group of commodities to fluctuate widely, which will, in turn, affect the price of the exchange-traded commodity pool that invests in that commodity or group of commodities. The regulation of commodity interest transactions in the United States is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Considerable regulatory attention has been focused on non-traditional investment pools that are publicly distributed in the United States. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes within the United States altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in exchange-traded commodity pools or the ability of an exchange-traded commodity pool to continue to implement its investment strategy. In addition, various national governments outside of the United States have expressed concern regarding the disruptive effects of speculative trading in the commodities markets and the need to regulate the derivatives markets in general. The effect of any future regulatory change on exchange-traded commodity pools is impossible to predict, but could be substantial and adverse.
Exchange-traded commodity pools generally do not produce qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test (as defined below in the section titled "Taxes"), which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. The Funds intend to monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits, but the Funds may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments (see more information in the "Taxes" section of this SAI).
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES—Fixed income securities consist primarily of debt obligations issued by governments, corporations, municipalities and other borrowers, but may also include structured securities that provide for participation interests in debt obligations. The market value of the fixed income securities in which a Fund invests will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of falling interest rates, the value of outstanding fixed income securities generally rises. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of such securities generally declines. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Changes by recognized agencies in the rating of any fixed income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of these securities will not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities, but will affect a Fund's NAV.
Securities held by a Fund that are guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities guarantee only the payment of principal and interest and do not guarantee the yield or value of the securities or the yield or value of the Fund's shares.
There is a risk that the current interest rate on floating and variable rate instruments may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates.
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Additional information regarding fixed income securities is described below:
Duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. For example, if a fixed income security has a five-year duration, it will decrease in value by approximately 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by approximately 5% if interest rates fall 1%. Fixed income instruments with longer duration typically have higher risk and higher volatility. Longer-term fixed income securities in which a portfolio may invest are more volatile than shorter-term fixed income securities. A portfolio with a longer average portfolio duration is typically more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a portfolio with a shorter average portfolio duration.
Investment Grade Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities are considered investment grade if they are rated in one of the four highest rating categories by a NRSRO, or, if not rated, are determined to be of comparable quality by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable. See "Appendix A-Description of Ratings" for a description of the bond rating categories of several NRSROs. Ratings of each NRSRO represent its opinion of the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market risk, of bonds and other fixed income securities it undertakes to rate at the time of issuance. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality and may not reflect changes in an issuer's creditworthiness. Securities rated Baa3 or higher by Moody's or BBB- or higher by S&P are considered by those rating agencies to be "investment grade" securities, although securities rated Baa3 or BBB- lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics. Although issuers of bonds rated BBB by S&P are considered to have adequate capacity to meet their financial commitments, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and principal for debt in this category than debt in higher-rated categories. In the event a security owned by a Fund is downgraded below investment grade, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable, will review the situation and take appropriate action with regard to the security.
Lower-Rated Securities. Lower-rated bonds or non-investment grade bonds are commonly referred to as "junk bonds" or high yield/high-risk securities. Lower-rated securities are defined as securities rated below the fourth highest rating category by an NRSRO. Such obligations are speculative and may be in default.
Fixed income securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's ability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation (known as "credit risk") and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (known as "market risk"). Lower-rated or unrated (i.e., high yield) securities are more likely to react to developments affecting market and credit risk than are more highly rated securities, which primarily react to movements in the general level of interest rates. Yields and market values of high yield securities will fluctuate over time, reflecting not only changing interest rates but also the market's perception of credit quality and the outlook for economic growth. When economic conditions appear to be deteriorating, medium- to lower-rated securities may decline in value due to heightened concern over credit quality, regardless of prevailing interest rates.
Investors should carefully consider the relative risks of investing in high yield securities and understand that such securities are not generally meant for short-term investing.
Adverse economic developments can disrupt the market for high yield securities and severely affect the ability of issuers, especially highly leveraged issuers, to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity, which may lead to a higher incidence of default on such securities. In addition, the secondary market for high yield securities may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities. As a result, it may be more difficult for a Fund to sell these securities, or a Fund may only be able to sell the securities at prices lower than if such securities were highly liquid. Furthermore, a Fund may experience difficulty in valuing certain high yield securities at certain times. Under these circumstances, prices realized upon the sale of such lower-rated or unrated securities may be less than the prices used in calculating the Fund's NAV. Prices for high yield securities may also be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.
Lower-rated or unrated fixed income obligations also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligations for redemption, a Fund may have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be
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forced to sell its higher-rated securities, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the Fund's investment portfolio and increasing the Fund's exposure to the risks of high yield securities.
A Fund may invest in securities rated as low as "C" by Moody's or "D" by S&P and may invest in unrated securities that are of comparable quality as "junk bonds."
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. Lower-rated bonds are very sensitive to adverse economic changes and corporate developments. During an economic downturn, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a bond defaulted on its obligations to pay interest or principal or entered into bankruptcy proceedings, a Fund may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and change can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of high-yield, high-risk bonds and a Fund's NAV.
Payment Expectations. High-yield, high-risk bonds may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercised these provisions in a declining interest rate market, a Fund would have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high-yield, high-risk bond's value may decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of a Fund's assets. If a Fund experiences significant unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell high-yield, high-risk bonds without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the Fund's rate of return.
Liquidity and Valuation. There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular bonds, which may adversely affect a Fund's ability to value accurately or dispose of such bonds. Adverse publicity and investor perception, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of high-yield, high-risk bonds, especially in a thin market.
Taxes. A Fund may purchase debt securities (such as zero coupon or pay-in-kind securities) that contain original issue discount. Original issue discount that accretes in a taxable year is treated as earned by a Fund and is therefore subject to the distribution requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. Because the original issue discount earned by a Fund in a taxable year may not be represented by cash income, the Fund may have to dispose of other securities and use the proceeds to make distributions to shareholders.
FOREIGN SECURITIES AND EMERGING AND FRONTIER MARKETS—Foreign securities are securities issued by non-U.S. issuers. Investments in foreign securities may subject a Fund to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuations in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices that differ from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than those in the United States. Foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks.
The value of a Fund's investments denominated in foreign currencies will depend on the relative strengths of those currencies and the U.S. dollar, and a Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in the exchange rates or exchange or currency control regulations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the value of dividends and interest earned, gains and losses realized on the sale of securities and net investment income and gains, if any, to be distributed to shareholders by a Fund. Such investments may also entail higher custodial fees and sales commissions than domestic investments.
A Fund's investments in emerging and frontier markets can be considered speculative and therefore may offer higher potential for gains and losses than investments in developed markets. With respect to an emerging
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market country, there may be a greater potential for nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes, government regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments (including war), which could adversely affect the economies of such countries or investments in such countries. "Frontier market countries" are a subset of emerging market countries with even smaller national economies, so these risks may be magnified further. The economies of emerging and frontier countries are generally heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange or currency controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade.
The economies of frontier market countries tend to be less correlated to global economic cycles than the economies of more developed countries and their markets have lower trading volumes and may exhibit greater price volatility and illiquidity. A small number of large investments in these markets may affect these markets to a greater degree than more developed markets. Frontier market countries may also be affected by government activities to a greater degree than more developed countries. For example, the governments of frontier market countries may exercise substantial influence within the private sector or subject investments to government approval, and governments of other countries may impose or negotiate trade barriers, exchange controls, adjustments to relative currency values and other measures that adversely affect a frontier market country. Governments of other countries may also impose sanctions or embargoes on frontier market countries. Although all of these risks are generally heightened with respect to frontier market countries, they also apply to emerging market countries.
In addition to the risks of investing in debt securities of emerging and frontier markets, a Fund's investment in government or government-related securities of emerging and frontier market countries and restructured debt instruments in emerging and frontier markets are subject to special risks, including the inability or unwillingness to repay principal and interest, requests to reschedule or restructure outstanding debt and requests to extend additional loan amounts. A Fund may have limited recourse in the event of default on such debt instruments.
Growing tensions, including trade disputes, between the United States and other nations, or among foreign powers, and possible diplomatic, trade or other sanctions could adversely impact the global economy, financial markets and the Funds. The strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies may, among other things, adversely affect the Funds' investments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. It is difficult to predict when similar events affecting the U.S. or global financial markets may occur, the effects that such events may have, and the duration of those effects.
Investments in the United Kingdom—On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU (commonly known as "Brexit"). Following a transition period, the United Kingdom's post-Brexit trade agreement with the European union passed into law in December 2020, became effective on a provisional basis on January 1, 2021, and formally entered into force on May 1, 2021.
The impact of Brexit on the UK, the EU and global markets remains unclear and will depend largely upon the UK's ability to negotiate favorable terms with the EU with respect to trade and market access. Brexit may also impact each of these markets should it lead to the creation of divergent national laws and regulations that produce new legal regimes and unpredictable tax consequences. As a result of the uncertain consequences of Brexit, the economies of the UK and EU as well as the broader global economy could be significantly impacted, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth on markets in the UK, EU and globally that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of a Fund's investments.
Investments in China—China is an emerging market, and as a result, investments in securities of companies organized and listed in China may be subject to liquidity constraints and significantly higher volatility, from time to time, than investments in securities of more developed markets. China may be subject to considerable government intervention and varying degrees of economic, political and social instability. These factors may result in, among other things, a greater risk of stock market, interest rate, and currency fluctuations, as well as inflation. Accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards in China are different from U.S. standards and, therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be made, may be less available, or may be less
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reliable. It may also be difficult or impossible for the Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment in a Chinese court. In addition, periodically there may be restrictions on investments in Chinese companies. For example, Executive Orders have been issued prohibiting U.S. persons from purchasing or investing in publicly-traded securities of certain companies identified by the U.S. Government because of their ties to the Chinese military or China's surveillance technology sector. These restrictions have also applied to instruments that are derivative of, or are designed to provide investment exposure to, those companies. The universe of affected securities can change from time to time. As a result of an increase in the number of investors looking to sell such securities, or because of an inability to participate in an investment that the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser otherwise believes is attractive, a Fund may incur losses. Certain investments that are or become designated as prohibited investments may have less liquidity as a result of such designation and the market price of such prohibited investments may decline, potentially causing losses to a Fund. In addition, the market for securities and other investments of other Chinese-based issuers may also be negatively impacted, resulting in reduced liquidity and price declines.
Investments in the China A-Shares. A Fund may invest in PRC A-Shares through the Stock Connect subject to any applicable regulatory limits. The Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing linked program developed by HKEx, the HKSCC, SSE, SZSE and ChinaClear with the aim of achieving mutual stock market access between PRC and Hong Kong. This program allows foreign investors to trade certain SSE-listed or SZSE-listed PRC A-Shares through their Hong Kong based brokers. All Hong Kong and overseas investors in the Stock Connect will trade and settle SSE or SZSE securities in the CNH only. A Fund will be exposed to any fluctuation in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and CNH in respect of such investments.
By seeking to invest in the domestic securities markets of the PRC via the Stock Connect a Fund is subject to the following additional risks:
General Risks. The relevant regulations are relatively untested and subject to change. There is no certainty as to how they will be applied, which could adversely affect a Fund. The program requires the use of new information technology systems which may be subject to operational risk due to the program's cross-border nature. If the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in both Hong Kong and PRC markets through the program could be disrupted.
Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the PRC and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banks in both markets are open on the corresponding settlement days. There may be occasions when it is a normal trading day for the PRC market but the Stock Connect is not trading. As a result, a Fund may be subject to the risk of price fluctuations in PRC A-Shares when the Fund cannot carry out any PRC A-Shares trading.
Clearing and Settlement Risk. HKSCC and ChinaClear have established the clearing links and each will become a participant of each other to facilitate clearing and settlement of cross-boundary trades. For cross-boundary trades initiated in a market, the clearing house of that market will on one hand clear and settle with its own clearing participants and on the other hand undertake to fulfill the clearing and settlement obligations of its clearing participants with the counterparty clearing house.
Legal/Beneficial Ownership. Where securities are held in custody on a cross-border basis there are specific legal and beneficial ownership risks linked to the compulsory requirements of the local central securities depositaries, HKSCC and ChinaClear.
As in other emerging markets, the legislative framework is only beginning to develop the concept of legal/formal ownership and of beneficial ownership or interest in securities. In addition, HKSCC, as nominee holder, does not guarantee the title to Stock Connect securities held through it and is under no obligation to enforce title or other rights associated with ownership on behalf of beneficial owners. Consequently, the courts may consider that any nominee or custodian as registered holder of Stock Connect securities would have full ownership thereof, and that those Stock Connect securities would form part of the pool of assets of such entity available for distribution to creditors of such entities and/or that a beneficial owner may have no rights whatsoever in respect thereof. Consequently, neither a Fund nor its custodian can ensure that the Fund's ownership of these securities or title thereto is assured.
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To the extent that HKSCC is deemed to be performing safekeeping functions with respect to assets held through it, it should be noted that a Fund and its custodian will have no legal relationship with HKSCC and no direct legal recourse against HKSCC in the event that the Fund suffers losses resulting from the performance or insolvency of HKSCC. In the event that the Fund suffers losses due to the negligence, or willful default, or insolvency of HKSCC, the Fund may not be able to institute legal proceedings, file any proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding or take any similar action. In the event of the insolvency of HKSCC, the Fund may not have any proprietary interest in the PRC A-Shares traded through the Stock Connect program and may be an unsecured general creditor in respect of any claim the Fund may have in respect of them. Consequently, the value of the Fund's investment in PRC A-Shares and the amount of its income and gains could be adversely affected.
In the event ChinaClear defaults, HKSCC's liabilities under its market contracts with clearing participants may be limited to assisting clearing participants with claims. It is anticipated that HKSCC will act in good faith to seek recovery of the outstanding stocks and monies from ChinaClear through available legal channels or the liquidation of ChinaClear. Regardless, the process of recovery could be delayed and a Fund may not fully recover its losses or its Stock Connect securities.
Operational Risk. The HKSCC provides clearing, settlement, nominee functions and other related services in respect of trades executed by Hong Kong market participants. PRC regulations which include certain restrictions on selling and buying will apply to all market participants. In the case of a sale, pre-delivery of shares to the broker is required, increasing counterparty risk. As a result, a Fund may not be able to purchase and/or dispose of holdings of PRC A-Shares in a timely manner.
Quota Limitations. The Stock Connect program is subject to daily quota limitations which may restrict a Fund's ability to invest in PRC A-Shares through the program on a timely basis.
Investor Compensation. A Fund will not benefit from the China Securities Investor Protection Fund in mainland China. The China Securities Investor Protection Fund is established to pay compensation to investors in the event that a securities company in mainland China is subject to compulsory regulatory measures (such as dissolution, closure, bankruptcy, and administrative takeover by the China Securities Regulatory Commission). Because the Fund is carrying out trading of PRC A-Shares through securities brokers in Hong Kong, but not mainland China brokers, it is not protected by the China Securities Investor Protection Fund.
That said, if the Fund suffers losses due to default matters of its securities brokers in Hong Kong in relation to the investment of PRC A-Shares through the Stock Connect program, it would be compensated by Hong Kong's Investor Compensation Fund.
Tax within the PRC. Uncertainties in the PRC tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in PRC securities could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a Fund. A Fund's investments in securities, including A-Shares, issued by PRC companies may cause the Fund to become subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by the PRC.
If a Fund were considered to be a tax resident enterprise of the PRC, it would be subject to PRC corporate income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide taxable income. If a Fund were considered to be a non-tax resident enterprise with a "permanent establishment" in the PRC, it would be subject to PRC corporate income tax on the profits attributable to the permanent establishment. SIMC and the Funds' Sub-Advisers intend to operate the Funds in a manner that will prevent them from being treated as tax resident enterprises of the PRC and from having a permanent establishment in the PRC. It is possible, however, that the PRC could disagree with that conclusion, or that changes in PRC tax law could affect the PRC corporate income tax status of a Fund.
Unless reduced or exempted by the applicable tax treaties, the PRC generally imposes withholding income tax at the rate of 10% on dividends, premiums, interest and capital gains originating in the PRC and paid to a company that is not a resident of the PRC for tax purposes and that has no permanent establishment in China. The State Administration of Taxation has confirmed the application to a QFII of the withholding income tax on dividends, premiums and interest. Effective as of November 17, 2014, Chinese authorities issued two circulars (Caishui [2014] 79 and Caishui [2014] 81) clarifying the corporate income tax policy of China with respect to
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QFIIs and Renminbi QFIIs and investments through the Stock Connect. Pursuant to the circulars, each Fund is expected to be temporarily exempt from withholding tax on capital gains out of trading in A-Shares, but the dividends derived from China A-shares by foreign investors is subject to a 10% withholding income tax. Because there is no indication how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect, the Funds may be subject to such withholding tax in future. If in the future China begins applying tax rules regarding the taxation of income from A-Shares investment to QFIIs and Renminbi QFIIs or investments through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect. In addition, Chinese authorities issued Caishui [2016] 127 which took effect on December 5, 2016, to clarify the corporate income tax policy of China with respect to investments through the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and/or begins collecting capital gains taxes on such investments, a Fund could be subject to withholding tax liability if the Fund determines that such liability cannot be reduced or eliminated by applicable tax treaties. The negative impact of any such tax liability on a Fund's return could be substantial.
SIMC, the Funds' Sub-Advisers or a Fund may also potentially be subject to PRC value added tax at the rate of 6% on capital gains derived from trading of A-Shares and interest income (if any). Existing guidance provides a value added tax exemption for overseas investors in respect of their gains derived from trading of PRC securities through Stock Connect. Because there is no indication how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect, the Funds may be subject to such value added tax in the future. In addition, urban maintenance and construction tax (currently at rates ranging from 1% to 7%), educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 3%) and local educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 2%) (collectively, the "surtaxes") are imposed based on value added tax liabilities, so if SIMC, the Funds' Sub-Advisers or a Fund were liable for value added tax it would also be required to pay the applicable surtaxes.
The PRC rules for taxation of QFIs are evolving, and the tax regulations to be issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation and/or PRC Ministry of Finance to clarify the subject matter may apply retrospectively, even if such rules are adverse to a Fund and its shareholders.
Investments in Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs"). In seeking exposure to Chinese companies, a Fund may invest in VIE structures. VIE structures can vary, but generally consist of a U.S.-listed company with contractual arrangements, through one or more wholly-owned special purpose vehicles, with a Chinese company that ultimately provides the U.S.-listed company with contractual rights to exercise control over and obtain economic benefits from the Chinese company. Although the U.S.-listed company in a VIE structure has no equity ownership in the underlying Chinese company, the VIE contractual arrangements permit the VIE structure to consolidate its financial statements with those of the underlying Chinese company. The VIE structure enables foreign investors, such as a Fund, to obtain investment exposure similar to that of an equity owner in a Chinese company in situations in which the Chinese government has restricted the non-Chinese ownership of such company. As a result, an investment in a VIE structure subjects a Fund to the risks associated with the underlying Chinese company. In its efforts to monitor, regulate and/or control foreign investment and participation in the ownership and operation of Chinese companies, including in particular those within the technology, telecommunications and education industries, the Chinese government may intervene or seek to control the operations, structure, or ownership of Chinese companies, including VIEs, to the disadvantage of foreign investors, such as a Fund. Intervention by the Chinese government with respect to a VIE could significantly and adversely affect the Chinese company's performance or the enforceability of the company's contractual arrangements with the VIE and thus, the value of a Fund's investment in the VIE. In addition to the risk of government intervention, a Fund's investment in a VIE structure is subject to the risk that the underlying Chinese company (or its officers, directors, or Chinese equity owners) may breach the contractual arrangements with the other entities in the VIE structure, or that Chinese law changes in a way that affects the enforceability of these arrangements, or those contracts are otherwise not enforceable under Chinese law, in which case a Fund may suffer significant losses on its VIE investments with little or no recourse available.
Investments in Russia—Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions. Russia's actions and the resulting responses by the United States and other countries could increase volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets and adversely affect regional and global economies. The United States and other countries have imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia, certain Russian individuals, banking entities and corporations, and Belarus as a response
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to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and may impose sanctions on other countries that provide military or economic support to Russia. The extent and duration of Russia's military actions or future escalation of such hostilities, and the extent and impact of the resulting sanctions (including any retaliatory actions or countermeasures that may be taken by those subject to sanctions, including cyber-attacks) are impossible to predict, but could result in significant market disruptions, including in certain industries or sectors, such as the oil and natural gas markets, and may negatively affect global supply chains, inflation and global growth. These and any related events could have a significant impact on a Fund's performance and the value of the Fund's investments, even though the Fund does not have direct exposure to Russian issuers or issuers in other countries affected by the invasion.
Investments in the Middle East—Armed conflict between Israel and Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East and related events could cause significant market disruptions and volatility. These events and other similar events could negatively affect a Fund's performance.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS—A forward foreign currency contract involves a negotiated obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date or range of future dates (with or without delivery required), which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are generally traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward foreign currency contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades.
Forward contracts generally may not be liquidated prior to the stated maturity date, although the parties to a contract may agree to enter into a second offsetting transaction with the same maturity, thereby fixing each party's profit or loss on the two transactions. Nevertheless, each position must still be maintained to maturity unless the parties separately agree on an earlier settlement date. As a result, a party to a forward contract must be prepared to perform its obligations under each such contract in full. Parties to a forward contract may also separately agree to extend the contract by "rolling" it over prior to the originally scheduled settlement date. A Fund may use forward contracts for cash equitization purposes, which allows a Fund to invest consistent with its investment strategy while managing daily cash flows, including significant client inflows and outflows.
The Funds may use currency instruments as part of a hedging strategy, as described below.
Transaction Hedging. Transaction hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of a Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities or the receipt of income therefrom. A Fund may enter into transaction hedging out of a desire to preserve the U.S. dollar price of a security when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency. A Fund may be able to protect itself against possible losses resulting from changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received by entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, of the amount of the foreign currency involved in the underlying security transactions.
Position Hedging. A Fund may sell a non-U.S. currency and purchase U.S. currency to reduce exposure to the non-U.S. currency (called "position hedging"). A Fund may use position hedging when an adviser reasonably believes that the currency of a particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. A Fund may enter into a forward foreign currency contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. The forward foreign currency contract amount and the value of the portfolio securities involved may not have a perfect correlation because the future value of the securities hedged will change as a consequence of the market between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures.
Cross Hedges. A Fund may also cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has, or in which the Fund expects to have, portfolio exposure.
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Proxy Hedges. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which a Fund's portfolio is exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the U.S. dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of a Fund's portfolio securities are, or are expected to be denominated, and to buy U.S. dollars. The amount of the contract would not exceed the value of the Fund's securities denominated in linked currencies.
In addition to the hedging transactions described above, the Funds may also engage in currency transactions in an attempt to take advantage of certain inefficiencies in the currency exchange market, to increase their exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.
Unless consistent with and permitted by its stated investment policies, a Fund will not enter into a transaction to hedge currency exposure to an extent greater, after netting all transactions intended wholly or partially to offset other transactions, than the aggregate market value (at the time of entering into the transaction) of the securities held in its portfolio that are denominated or generally quoted in or currently convertible into such currency, other than with respect to proxy hedging, described above. If consistent with and permitted by its stated investment policies, a Fund may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Fund does not own assets denominated in that currency. Certain Funds may engage in currency transactions for hedging purposes as well as to enhance the Fund's returns.
A non-deliverable forward transaction is a transaction that represents an agreement between a Fund and a counterparty (usually a commercial bank) to buy or sell a specified (notional) amount of a particular currency at an agreed-upon foreign exchange rate on an agreed upon future date. The non-deliverable forward transaction position is closed using a fixing rate, as defined by the central bank in the country of the currency being traded, that is generally publicly stated within one or two days prior to the settlement date. Unlike other currency transactions, there is no physical delivery of the currency on the settlement of a non-deliverable forward transaction. Rather, a Fund and the counterparty agree to net the settlement by making a payment in U.S. dollars or another fully convertible currency that represents any differential between the foreign exchange rate agreed upon at the inception of the non-deliverable forward agreement and the actual exchange rate on the agreed-upon future date. Thus, the actual gain or loss of a given non-deliverable forward transaction is calculated by multiplying the transaction's notional amount by the difference between the agreed-upon forward exchange rate and the actual exchange rate when the transaction is completed. Although forward foreign currency transactions are exempt from the definition of "swap" under the Commodity Exchange Act, non-deliverable forward transactions are not, and, thus, are subject to the CFTC's regulatory framework applicable to swaps.
The ability to establish and close out positions on currency futures contracts is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market, which may not always be available. An option on a currency provides the purchaser, or "holder," with the right, but not the obligation, to purchase, in the case of a "call" option, or sell, in the case of a "put" option, a stated quantity of the underlying currency at a fixed exchange rate up to a stated expiration date (or, in the case of certain options, on such date). The holder generally pays a nonrefundable fee for the option, referred to as the "premium," but cannot lose more than this amount, plus related transaction costs. Thus, where a Fund is a holder of options contracts, such losses will be limited in absolute amount. In contrast to a forward contract, an option imposes a binding obligation only on the seller, or "writer." If the holder exercises the option, the writer is obligated to complete the transaction in the underlying currency. An option generally becomes worthless to the holder when it expires. In addition, in the context of an exchange-traded option, the writer is often required to deposit initial margin and may be required to increase the margin on deposit if the market moves against the writer's position. Options on currencies may be purchased in the OTC market between commercial entities dealing directly with each other as principals. In purchasing an OTC currency option, the holder is subject to the risk of default by the writer and, for this reason, purchasers of options on currencies may require writers to post collateral or other forms of performance assurance.
Buyers and sellers of currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures contracts generally, which are described elsewhere in this SAI. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation, which may subject a Fund to additional risk.
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Risks. Currency transactions are subject to risks that are different from those of other portfolio transactions. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country's economy. Although forward foreign currency contracts and currency futures tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time they may limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currency increase. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchase and sales of currency and related instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These can result in losses to a Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in the settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. The ability to establish and close out positions on currency futures contracts is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market, which may not always be available.
The Funds may take active positions in currencies, which involve different techniques and risk analyses than the Funds' purchase of securities. Active investment in currencies may subject the Funds to additional risks, and the value of the Funds' investments may fluctuate in response to broader macroeconomic risks than if the Funds invested only in fixed income securities. The Funds may take long and short positions in foreign currencies in excess of the value of the Funds' assets denominated in a particular currency or when the Funds do not own assets denominated in that currency. If a Fund enters into currency transactions when it does not own assets denominated in that currency, the Fund's volatility may increase and losses on such transactions will not be offset by increases in the value of the Fund's assets.
Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with similar instruments. Currency transactions can result in losses to a Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree in a direction that is not anticipated. Furthermore, there is a risk that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that a Fund is engaging in proxy hedging. Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances. Hedging transactions may also eliminate any chance for a Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.
Risks associated with entering into forward foreign currency contracts include the possibility that the market for forward foreign currency contracts may be limited with respect to certain currencies and, upon a contract's maturity, the inability of a Fund to negotiate with the dealer to enter into an offsetting transaction. As mentioned above, forward foreign currency contracts may be closed out only by the parties entering into an offsetting contract. This creates settlement risk in forward foreign currency contracts, which is the risk of loss when one party to the forward foreign currency contract delivers the currency it sold but does not receive the corresponding amount of the currency it bought. Settlement risk arises in deliverable forward foreign currency contracts where the parties have not arranged to use a mechanism for payment-versus-payment settlement, such as an escrow arrangement. In addition, the correlation between movements in the prices of those contracts and movements in the price of the currency hedged or used for cover will not be perfect. There is no assurance an active forward foreign currency contract market will always exist. These factors will restrict a Fund's ability to hedge against the risk of devaluation of currencies in which the Fund holds a substantial quantity of securities and are unrelated to the qualitative rating that may be assigned to any particular security. In addition, if a currency devaluation is generally anticipated, the Fund may not be able to contract to sell currency at a price above the devaluation level it anticipates. The successful use of forward foreign currency contracts as a hedging technique draws upon special skills and experience with respect to these instruments and usually depends on the ability of an adviser to forecast interest rate and currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should interest or exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of forward foreign currency contracts or may realize losses and thus be in a worse position than if those strategies had not been used. Many forward foreign currency contracts are subject to no daily price fluctuation limits so adverse market movements could continue with respect to those contracts to an unlimited extent over a period of time.
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FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS—Futures contracts (also called "futures") provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security at a specified future time and at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. An index futures contract is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the securities comprising the index is made, and generally contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contract.
A Fund may also invest in Treasury futures, interest rate futures, interest rate swaps, and interest rate swap futures. A Treasury futures contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell Treasury securities at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. The sale of a Treasury futures contract creates an obligation by the Fund to deliver the amount of certain types of Treasury securities called for in the contract at a specified future time for a specified price. A purchase of a Treasury futures contract creates an obligation by the Fund to take delivery of an amount of securities at a specified future time at a specific price. Interest rate futures can be sold as an offset against the effect of expected interest rate increases and purchased as an offset against the effect of expected interest rate declines. Interest rate swaps are an agreement between two parties where one stream of future interest rate payments is exchanged for another based on a specified principal amount. Interest rate swaps often exchange a fixed payment for a floating payment that is linked to a particular interest rate. Interest rate swap futures are instruments that provide a way to gain swap exposure and the structure features of a futures contract in a single instrument. Swap futures are futures contracts on interest rate swaps that enable purchasers to cash settle at a future date at the price determined by the benchmark rate at the end of a fixed period.
A Fund will reduce the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures contract by only entering into futures contracts that are traded on national futures exchanges regulated by the CFTC (generally, futures must be traded on such exchanges). Subject to their permitted investment strategies, certain Funds may use futures contracts and related options for either hedging purposes or risk management purposes, or to gain exposure to currencies, as well as to enhance the Fund's returns. Instances in which a Fund may use futures contracts and related options for risk management purposes include: (i) attempting to offset changes in the value of securities held or expected to be acquired or be disposed of; (ii) attempting to minimize fluctuations in foreign currencies; (iii) attempting to gain exposure to a particular market, index or instrument; or (iv) other risk management purposes. A Fund may use futures contracts for cash equitization purposes, which allows a Fund to invest consistent with its investment strategy while managing daily cash flows, including significant client inflows and outflows.
There are significant risks associated with a Fund's use of futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including: (i) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on SIMC or a Sub-Adviser's ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (ii) there may be an imperfect or no correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by a Fund and the prices of futures and options on futures; (iii) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract or option; (iv) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (v) government regulations or exchange requirements may restrict trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts. In addition, some strategies reduce a Fund's exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase its market exposure.
HIGH YIELD FOREIGN SOVEREIGN DEBT SECURITIES—Investing in fixed and floating rate high yield foreign sovereign debt securities will expose a Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities. The ability of a foreign sovereign obligor to make timely payments on its external debt obligations will also be strongly influenced by the obligor's balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credits and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves. Countries such as those in which a Fund may invest have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange
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rate or trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability. Additional factors that may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, a country's cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of its debt service burden to the economy as a whole and its government's policy towards the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies. A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities or whose economy depends on certain strategic imports could be vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices of these commodities or imports. To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than U.S. dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in U.S. dollars could be adversely affected. If a foreign sovereign obligor cannot generate sufficient earnings from foreign trade to service its external debt, it may need to depend on continuing loans and aid from foreign governments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations and inflows of foreign investment. The commitment on the part of these foreign governments, multilateral organizations and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the government's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of its obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend funds, which may further impair the obligor's ability or willingness to timely service its debts.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES—Illiquid securities are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. If, subsequent to purchase, a security held by a Fund becomes illiquid, the Fund may continue to hold the security. Because of their illiquid nature, illiquid securities must be priced at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Despite such good faith efforts to determine fair value prices, a Fund's illiquid securities are subject to the risk that the security's fair value price may differ from the actual price that the Fund may ultimately realize upon its sale or disposition. Difficulty in selling illiquid securities may result in a loss or may be costly to a Fund. Under the supervision of the Board, SIMC or the Sub-Adviser, as applicable, determines the liquidity of a Fund's investments. In determining the liquidity of a Fund's investments, SIMC or the Sub-Adviser, as applicable, may consider various factors, including: (i) the frequency and volume of trades and quotations; (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; and (iv) the nature of the security and the market in which it trades (including any demand, put or tender features, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, any letters of credit or other credit enhancement features, any ratings, the number of holders, the method of soliciting offers, the time required to dispose of the security, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security).
INTERFUND LENDING AND BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS—The SEC has granted an exemption that permits the Funds to participate in the Program with the SEI Funds. The Program allows the SEI Funds to lend money to and borrow money from each other for temporary or emergency purposes. Participation in the Program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending funds. Interfund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more favorable to the lending fund than the Repo Rate and more favorable to the borrowing fund than the Bank Loan Rate. The Bank Loan Rate will be determined using a formula approved by the SEI Funds' Board of Trustees. The interest rate imposed on interfund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
All interfund loans and borrowings must comply with the conditions set forth in the exemption, which are designed to ensure fair and equitable treatment of all participating funds. Each Fund's participation in the Program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations and is subject to certain percentage limitations. SIMC administers the Program according to procedures approved by the SEI Funds' Board of Trustees. In addition, the Program is subject to oversight and periodic review by the SEI Funds' Board of Trustees.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES—Securities of other investment companies, including shares of closed-end investment companies, unit investment trusts, open-end investment companies and REITs, represent interests in professionally managed portfolios that may invest in various types of instruments. Investing in other investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but may involve additional expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and
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operating expenses. When a Fund invests in an affiliated or unaffiliated investment company, it will bear a pro rata portion of the investment company's expenses in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their NAV. Others are continuously offered at NAV, but may also be traded in the secondary market at a premium or discount to their NAV.
Because of restrictions on direct investment by U.S. entities in certain countries, investment in other investment companies may be the most practical or the only manner in which an international and global fund can invest in the securities markets of those countries. A Fund also may be subject to adverse tax consequences to the extent it invests in the stock of a foreign issuer that constitutes a "passive foreign investment company."
Generally, federal securities laws limit the extent to which investment companies can invest in securities of other investment companies, subject to certain statutory, regulatory and other exceptions. For example an investment company is generally prohibited under Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act from acquiring the securities of another investment company if, as a result of such acquisition: (i) the acquiring investment company would own more than 3% of the total voting stock of the other company; (ii) securities issued by any one investment company represent more than 5% of the acquiring investment company's total assets; or (iii) securities (other than treasury stock) issued by all investment companies represent more than 10% of the total assets of the acquiring investment company, subject to certain statutory, regulatory or other exceptions. Pursuant to Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act and the conditions set forth therein, a Fund may invest in one or more affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies that operate in compliance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A). A Fund may invest in investment companies managed by SIMC or the Fund's Sub-Adviser to the extent permitted by any rule or regulation of the SEC or any order or interpretation thereunder. A Fund may invest in such Rule 2a-7 compliant investment companies for cash management purposes, including as discussed in the "Securities Lending" section below, and to serve as collateral for derivatives positions.
In addition, Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to invest in other investment companies beyond the statutory limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain conditions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an investment company that is an acquired fund of a registered investment company in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, generally will not be permitted to invest in shares of other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A), other than in the limited circumstances set forth in Rule 12d1-4.
The Funds may invest in unaffiliated underlying funds in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) and Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. Section 12(d)(1)(F) provides in pertinent part that issuers of any security purchased by a Fund are not obligated to redeem such security in an amount exceeding 1% of such issuer's total outstanding securities during any period of less than thirty days. As a result, shares of an unaffiliated underlying fund held by a Fund in excess of 1% of the unaffiliated underlying fund's outstanding shares could in certain circumstances be considered illiquid if it is determined that the shares may not be sold in the ordinary course of business within seven days. The liquidity of such excess shares will be considered on a case-by-case basis by SIMC based on the following factors: (i) the Adviser's knowledge of an unaffiliated underlying fund's section 12(d)(1)(F) redemption practice upon discussion with the unaffiliated underlying fund's investment adviser; (ii) the Fund's past specific redemption experiences with the unaffiliated underlying fund; (iii) the Adviser's evaluation of general market conditions that may affect securities held by the unaffiliated underlying fund; (iv) the Fund's ability to accept a redemption in-kind of portfolio securities from the unaffiliated underlying fund; (v) significant developments involving the unaffiliated underlying fund; and (vi) any other information the Adviser deems relevant.
Exchange-Traded Funds. ETFs are investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act as open-end funds or unit investment trusts. ETFs are actively traded on national securities exchanges and are generally based on specific domestic and foreign market indexes. An index-based ETF seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities
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in the index. Because ETFs are based on an underlying basket of stocks or an index, they are subject to the same market fluctuations as these types of securities in volatile market swings.
Leveraged ETFs contain all of the risks that non-leveraged ETFs present. Additionally, to the extent a Fund invests in ETFs that achieve leveraged exposure to their underlying indexes through the use of derivative instruments, the Fund will indirectly be subject to leverage risk and other risks associated with derivatives and will be subject to the requirements of Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act. The more these ETFs invest in derivative instruments that give rise to leverage, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments. Because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of an ETF's portfolio securities or other investments, leverage will cause the value of an ETF's shares to be more volatile than if the ETF did not use leverage. A leveraged ETF will engage in transactions and purchase instruments that give rise to forms of leverage, including, among others, the use of reverse repurchase agreements and other borrowings, the investment of collateral from loans of portfolio securities, the use of when issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions or short sales. Certain types of leveraging transactions, such as short sales that are not "against the box," could theoretically be subject to unlimited losses in cases where a leveraged ETF, for any reason, is unable to close out the transaction. In addition, to the extent a leveraged ETF borrows money, interest costs on such borrowed money may not be recovered by any appreciation of the securities purchased with the borrowed funds and could exceed the ETF's investment income, resulting in greater losses. Such ETFs often "reset" daily, meaning that they are designed to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis. Due to the effect of compounding, their performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from the performance (or inverse of the performance) of their underlying index or benchmark during the same period of time, which may be enhanced during the periods of increased market volatility. Consequently, leveraged ETFs may not be suitable as long-term investments.
Leveraged inverse ETFs contain all of the risks that regular ETFs present. Additionally, to the extent a Fund invests in ETFs that seek to provide investment results that match a negative multiple of the performance of an underlying index, the Fund will indirectly be subject to the risk that the performance of such ETF will fall as the performance of that ETF's benchmark rises-a result that is the opposite from traditional mutual funds. Leveraged inverse ETFs contain all of the risks that regular ETFs present, but also pose all of the risks associated with other leveraged ETFs as well as other inverse ETFs. These investment vehicles may be extremely volatile and can potentially expose an investing Fund to theoretically unlimited losses.
An investment company may invest in ETFs in excess of the limitations prescribed by Section 12(d)(1)(A), provided that such investment company otherwise complies with certain conditions imposed through Rule 12d1-4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an investment company that is an acquired fund of a registered investment company in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, generally will not be permitted to invest in shares of an ETF beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A), other than in the limited circumstances set forth in Rule 12d1-4. Neither the ETFs nor their investment advisers make any representations regarding the advisability of investing in the ETFs.
Certain ETFs that in general do not register as investment companies under the 1940 Act may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the "Qualifying Income Test" or the shares of such ETFs may not be considered "securities" for purposes of the "Asset Test" (as defined below under the heading "Taxes"), which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. If one or more ETFs generate more non-qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test or if a Fund is not considered to be holding sufficient amounts of "securities" than SIMC or the Funds' Sub-Advisers expect, it could cause a Fund to inadvertently fail the Qualifying Income Test or Asset Test, thereby causing the Fund to inadvertently fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code, unless certain relief provisions (described in more detail under the heading "Taxes") are available to the Fund.
INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARY—Each of the Dynamic Asset Allocation and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds (each, a "Commodity Fund" and, collectively, the "Commodity Funds") may seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets, in whole or in part, through a Subsidiary. Each Subsidiary, unlike the applicable Commodity Fund, may invest to a significant extent in commodity-linked securities and derivative instruments. A Commodity Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the applicable Subsidiary. The derivative instruments in which
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a Subsidiary primarily intends to invest are instruments linked to certain commodity indexes and instruments linked to the value of a particular commodity or commodity futures contract or a subset of commodities or commodity futures contracts.
With respect to its investments, a Subsidiary will generally be subject to the same fundamental, non-fundamental and certain other investment restrictions as the applicable Commodity Fund; however, each Subsidiary (unlike the applicable Commodity Fund) may invest significantly in commodity-linked swap agreements and other commodity-linked derivative instruments.
Each Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, each Commodity Fund, as an investor in its Subsidiary, will not have all of the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Commodity Funds and the Subsidiaries, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Commodity Funds and/or the Subsidiaries to operate as intended and could negatively affect the Commodity Funds and their shareholders.
A U.S. person, including a Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of 10% or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a "U.S. Shareholder" for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. Because of its investment in the Subsidiary, each Commodity Fund is a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, each Commodity Fund is required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes for each taxable year of the Fund its pro rata share of its CFC's "Subpart F" income (discussed further below) and any "global intangible low-taxed income" (GILTI) for the CFC's taxable year ending within the Fund's taxable year whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC. GILTI generally includes the active operating profits of the CFC, reduced by a deemed return on the tax basis of the CFC's depreciable tangible assets.
In order for each of the Commodity Funds to qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Commodity Funds must, among other requirements, derive at least 90% of their gross income for each taxable year from sources generating "qualifying income" for purposes of the Qualifying Income Test, which is described in more detail in the "Taxes" section below. The Commodity Funds' investment in their respective Subsidiary is expected to provide the Commodity Funds with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a RIC. The "Subpart F" income (defined in Section 951 of the Code to include passive income, including from commodity-linked derivatives) of the Commodity Funds attributable to their investment in a Subsidiary is "qualifying income" to the Commodity Funds to the extent that such income is derived with respect to the Commodity Fund's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Each Commodity Fund expects its "Subpart F" income attributable to its investment in its Subsidiary to be derived with respect to the Commodity Fund's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Accordingly, each Commodity Fund expects its "Subpart F" income attributable to its investment in a Subsidiary to be treated as "qualifying income." The Adviser will carefully monitor the Commodity Funds' investments in their respective Subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Commodity Fund's assets are invested in its Subsidiary.
Subpart F income and GILTI are treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFC's underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to the Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from the Fund's other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. To the extent a Commodity Fund invests in its Subsidiary and recognizes "Subpart F" income or GILTI in excess of actual cash distributions from the Subsidiary, if any, it may be required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level. "Subpart F" income also includes the excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and other similar transactions) in commodities.
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A Commodity Fund's recognition of any "Subpart F" income or GILTI from an investment in its Subsidiary will increase the Commodity Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by a Subsidiary to a Commodity Fund, including in redemption of the Subsidiary's shares, will be tax free, to the extent of the Subsidiary's previously undistributed "Subpart F" income or GILTI, and will correspondingly reduce the Commodity Fund's tax basis in its Subsidiary, and any distributions in excess of the Commodity Fund's tax basis in its Subsidiary will be treated as realized gain. Any losses with respect to a Commodity Fund's shares of its Subsidiary will not be currently recognized. A Commodity Fund's investment in its Subsidiary will potentially have the effect of accelerating the Commodity Fund's recognition of income and causing its income to be treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of its Subsidiary's income. If a net loss is realized by a Subsidiary, such loss is generally not available to offset the income earned by a Commodity Fund. In addition, the net losses incurred during a taxable year by a Subsidiary cannot be carried forward by such Subsidiary to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. A Commodity Fund will not receive any credit in respect of any non-U.S. tax borne by its Subsidiary.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS—Loan participations are interests in loans to corporations or governments that are administered by the lending bank or agent for a syndicate of lending banks and sold by the lending bank, financial institution or syndicate member (so-called "intermediary bank"). In a loan participation, the borrower will be deemed to be the issuer of the participation interest, except to the extent that a Fund derives its rights from the intermediary bank. Because the intermediary bank does not guarantee a loan participation in any way, a loan participation is subject to the credit risks generally associated with the underlying borrower. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower, a loan participation may be subject to certain defenses that can be asserted by such borrower as a result of improper conduct by the intermediary bank. In addition, in the event the underlying borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, a Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of such borrower. Under the terms of a loan participation, a Fund may be regarded as a creditor of the intermediary bank (rather than of the underlying borrower), so that the Fund may also be subject to the risk that the intermediary bank may become insolvent.
Loan assignments are investments in assignments of all or a portion of certain loans from third parties. When a Fund purchases assignments from lenders, it will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the loan. Because assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and assignors, however, the rights and obligations acquired by the Fund may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. Loan participations and assignments may be considered liquid, as determined by SIMC or the Funds' Sub-Advisers based on criteria approved by the Board.
MONEY MARKET SECURITIES—Money market securities include: (i) short-term U.S. Government securities; (ii) custodial receipts evidencing separately traded interest and principal components of securities issued by the U.S. Treasury; (iii) commercial paper determined by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser to be of the highest short-term credit quality at the time of purchase; (iv) short-term bank obligations (certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers' acceptances) of U.S. commercial banks with assets of at least $1 billion as of the end of their most recent fiscal year; and (v) repurchase agreements involving such securities. For a description of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI.
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES—Mortgage-backed securities are a class of asset-backed securities representing an interest in a pool or pools of whole mortgage loans (which may be residential mortgage loans or commercial mortgage loans). Mortgage-backed securities held or acquired by the Funds could include (i) obligations guaranteed by federal agencies of the U.S. Government, such as GNMA, which are backed by the "full faith and credit" of the United States, (ii) securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are not backed by the "full faith and credit" of the United States but are guaranteed by the U.S. Government as to timely payment of principal and interest, (iii) securities (commonly referred to as "private-label RMBS") issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by whole residential mortgage loans without a government guarantee and (iv) CMBS, which are multi-class or pass-through securities backed by a mortgage loan or a pool of mortgage loans secured by commercial property such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, multifamily properties and cooperative apartments. Because
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private-label RMBS and CMBS are not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, those securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement. There can be no assurance, however, that credit enhancements will support full payment to the Funds of the principal and interest on such obligations. In addition, changes in the credit quality of the entity that provides credit enhancement could cause losses to the Funds and affect their share prices.
A Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities in the form of debt or in the form of "pass-through" certificates. Pass-through certificates, which represent the beneficial ownership interests in the related mortgage loans, differ from debt securities, which generally provide for periodic fixed payments of interest on and principal of the related notes. Mortgage pass-through securities provide for monthly payments that are a "pass-through" of the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees and expenses owed to the servicers of the mortgage loans and other transaction parties that receive payment from collections on the mortgage loans.
The performance of mortgage loans and, in turn, the mortgage-backed securities acquired by a Fund, is influenced by a wide variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors, including general economic conditions, the level of prevailing interest rates, the unemployment rate, the availability of alternative financing and homeowner behavior. Beginning in late 2006, delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures on residential and commercial mortgage loans increased significantly, and they may again increase in the future. In addition, beginning in late 2006, numerous originators and servicers of residential mortgage loans experienced serious financial difficulties and, in many cases, went out of business or were liquidated in bankruptcy proceedings. Those difficulties resulted, in part, from declining markets for their mortgage loans as well as from claims for repurchases of mortgage loans previously sold under provisions that require repurchase in the event of early payment defaults or for breaches of representations and warranties regarding loan characteristics.
Since mid-2007, the residential mortgage market has been subject to extensive litigation and legislative and regulatory scrutiny. The result has been extensive reform legislation and regulations including with respect to loan underwriting, mortgage loan servicing, foreclosure practices and timing, loan modifications, enhanced disclosure and reporting obligations and risk retention. Numerous laws, regulations and rules related to residential mortgage loans generally, and foreclosure actions particularly, have been proposed or enacted by federal, state and local governmental authorities, which may result in delays in the foreclosure process, reduced payments by borrowers, modification of the original terms of mortgage loans, permanent forgiveness of debt, increased prepayments due to the availability of government-sponsored refinancing initiatives and/or increased reimbursable servicing expenses. Any of these factors could result in delays and reductions in distributions to residential mortgage-backed securities and may reduce the amount of investment proceeds to which a Fund would be entitled.
The conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the current uncertainty regarding the future status of these organizations may also adversely affect the mortgage market and the value of mortgage-related assets. It remains unclear to what extent the ability of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to act as the primary sources of liquidity in the residential mortgage markets, both by purchasing mortgage loans for their own portfolios and by guaranteeing mortgage-backed securities, may be curtailed. Legislators have repeatedly unveiled various plans to reduce and reform the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the mortgage market and, possibly, wind down both institutions. Although it is unclear whether, and if so how, those plans may be implemented or how long any such wind-down or reform of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, if implemented, would take, a reduction in the ability of mortgage loan originators to access Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to sell their mortgage loans may adversely affect the financial condition of mortgage loan originators. In addition, any decline in the value of agency securities may affect the value of residential mortgage-backed securities as a whole.
Since March 13, 2020, there have been a number of government initiatives applicable to federally backed mortgage loans in response to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak, including foreclosure and eviction moratoria, mortgage forbearance and loan modifications for borrowers and renters experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19.
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Although the effects of COVID-19 have decreased on a relative basis, it is difficult to predict how the government initiatives relating to COVID-19 may affect the federally backed mortgage market, the U.S. mortgage market as a whole and the price of securities relating to the mortgage markets, and in turn, the Funds' investments. However, high forbearance rates create a real possibility of billions of dollars of loan servicers' obligations to advance payment to investors in securities backed by mortgages in the absence of borrower payments on the underlying loans. Accordingly, the Funds cannot predict with certainty the extent to which these or similar initiatives in the future may adversely impact the value of the Funds' investments in securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac and in investments in securities in the U.S. mortgage industry as a whole.
The rate and aggregate amount of distributions on mortgage-backed securities, and therefore the average lives of those securities and the yields realized by a Fund, will be sensitive to the rate of prepayments (including liquidations) and modifications of the related mortgage loans, any losses and shortfalls on the related mortgage loans allocable to the tranches held by a Fund and the manner in which principal payments on the related mortgage loans are allocated among the various tranches in the particular securitization transaction. Furthermore, mortgage-backed securities are sensitive to changes in interest rates, but may respond to those changes differently from other fixed income securities due to the possibility of prepayment of the mortgage loans. Among other factors, a significant amount of defaults, rapid prepayments or prepayment interest shortfalls may erode amounts available for distributions to a Fund. The timing of changes in the rate of prepayments of the mortgage loans may significantly affect the Funds' actual yield to maturity, even if the average rate of principal payments is consistent with a Fund's expectations. If prepayments of mortgage loans occur at a rate faster than that anticipated by a Fund, payments of interest on the mortgage-backed securities could be significantly less than anticipated. Similarly, if the number of mortgage loans that are modified is larger than that anticipated by a Fund, payments of principal and interest on the mortgage-backed securities could be significantly less than anticipated.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. CMOs are securities collateralized by mortgages, mortgage pass-throughs, mortgage pay-through bonds (bonds representing an interest in a pool of mortgages where the cash flow generated from the mortgage collateral pool is dedicated to bond repayment) and mortgage-backed bonds (general obligations of the issuers payable out of the issuers' general funds and additionally secured by a first lien on a pool of single family detached properties). To the extent a Fund invests in CMOs, the Fund typically will seek to invest in CMOs rated in one of the two highest categories by S&P or Moody's. Many CMOs are issued with a number of classes or series that have different expected maturities. Investors purchasing such CMOs are credited with their portion of the scheduled payments of interest and principal on the underlying mortgages plus all unscheduled prepayments of principal based on a predetermined priority schedule. Accordingly, the CMOs in the longer maturity series are less likely than other mortgage pass-through securities to be prepaid prior to their stated maturity. Although some of the mortgages underlying CMOs may be supported by various types of insurance and some CMOs may be backed by GNMA certificates or other mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities, the CMOs themselves are not generally guaranteed.
Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. REMICs are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by interests in real property. REMIC Certificates issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac represent beneficial ownership interests in a REMIC trust consisting principally of mortgage loans or Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or GNMA-guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates. For Freddie Mac REMIC Certificates, Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest. GNMA REMIC Certificates are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
Parallel Pay Securities; Planned Amortization Class CMOs. Parallel pay CMOs and REMICs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which must be retired by its stated maturity date or final distribution date but may be retired earlier. PAC Bonds generally require payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date. PAC Bonds are always parallel pay CMOs, with the required principal payment on such securities having the highest priority after interest has been paid to all classes.
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Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities. ARMS are a form of pass-through security representing interests in pools of mortgage loans whose interest rates are adjusted from time to time. The adjustments are usually determined in accordance with a predetermined interest rate index and may be subject to certain limits. Although the value of ARMS, like other debt securities, generally varies inversely with changes in market interest rates (increasing in value during periods of declining interest rates and decreasing in value during periods of increasing interest rates), the value of ARMS should generally be more resistant to price swings than other debt securities because the interest rates of ARMS move with market interest rates. The adjustable rate feature of ARMS will not, however, eliminate fluctuations in the prices of ARMS, particularly during periods of extreme fluctuations in interest rates. Also, because many adjustable rate mortgages only reset on an annual basis, it can be expected that the prices of ARMS will fluctuate to the extent that changes in prevailing interest rates are not immediately reflected in the interest rates payable on the underlying adjustable rate mortgages.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are securities that are created when a U.S. Government agency or a financial institution separates the interest and principal components of a mortgage-backed security and sells them as individual securities. The holder of the PO receives the principal payments made by the underlying mortgage-backed security, while the holder of the IO receives interest payments from the same underlying security. The prices of stripped mortgage-backed securities may be particularly affected by changes in interest rates. As interest rates fall, prepayment rates tend to increase, which tends to reduce prices of IOs and increase prices of POs. Rising interest rates can have the opposite effect.
Estimated Average Life. Due to the possibility of prepayments of the underlying mortgage instruments, mortgage-backed securities generally do not have a known maturity. In the absence of a known maturity, market participants generally refer to an "average life estimate." An average life estimate is a function of an assumption regarding anticipated prepayment patterns and is based upon current interest rates, current conditions in the relevant housing markets and other factors. The assumption is necessarily subjective, and thus different market participants can produce different average life estimates with regard to the same security. There can be no assurance that the estimated average life will be a security's actual average life.
MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS—Mortgage dollar rolls, or "covered rolls," are transactions in which a Fund sells securities (usually mortgage-backed securities) and simultaneously contracts to repurchase, typically in 30 or 60 days, substantially similar, but not identical, securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, a Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on such securities. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the "drop"), as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. At the end of the roll commitment period, a Fund may or may not take delivery of the securities it has contracted to purchase. Mortgage dollar rolls may be renewed prior to cash settlement and initially may involve only a firm commitment agreement by the Fund to buy a security. A "covered roll" is a specific type of mortgage dollar roll for which there is an offsetting cash position or cash equivalent securities position that matures on or before the forward settlement date of the mortgage dollar roll transaction. As used herein, the term "mortgage dollar roll" refers to mortgage dollar rolls that are not "covered rolls." If the broker-dealer to whom a Fund sells the security becomes insolvent, the Fund's right to repurchase the security may be restricted. Other risks involved in entering into mortgage dollar rolls include the risk that the value of the security may change adversely over the term of the mortgage dollar roll and that the security a Fund is required to repurchase may be worth less than the security that the Fund originally held.
MUNICIPAL SECURITIES—Municipal securities consist of: (i) debt obligations issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to be used for various public facilities, refunding outstanding obligations, general operating expenses and lending such funds to other public institutions and facilities, and (ii) certain private activity and industrial development bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated facilities. Additional information regarding municipal securities is described below:
Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal bonds include general obligation bonds, revenue or special obligation bonds, private activity and industrial development bonds, moral obligation bonds and participation interests in municipal bonds. General
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obligation bonds are backed by the taxing power of the issuing municipality. Revenue bonds are backed by the revenues of a project or facility, such as tolls from a toll bridge. Certificates of participation represent an interest in an underlying obligation or commitment, such as an obligation issued in connection with a leasing arrangement. The payment of principal and interest on private activity and industrial development bonds is generally dependent solely on the ability of the facility's user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment. A Fund may purchase private activity or industrial development bonds if, in the opinion of counsel for the issuers, the interest paid is exempt from federal income tax. Municipal bonds are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately-owned or operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports, parking, sewage or solid waste disposal facilities and certain other facilities. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility's user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment. Moral obligation bonds are normally issued by special purpose authorities. Moral obligation bonds are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state, but are generally backed by the agreement of the issuing authority to request appropriations from the state legislative body.
Municipal Leases. Municipal leases are instruments, or participations in instruments, issued in connection with lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations of municipalities (so-called "municipal lease obligations"). Although municipal lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the issuing municipality, a lease obligation may be backed by the municipality's covenant to budget for, appropriate funds for and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain "non-appropriation" clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose in the relevant years. Municipal lease obligations are a form of financing, and the market for such obligations is still developing. Municipal leases will be treated as liquid only if they satisfy criteria set forth in guidelines established by the Board, and there can be no assurance that a market will exist or continue to exist for any municipal lease obligation. Information regarding illiquid securities is provided under the section "Illiquid Securities" above.
Municipal Notes. Municipal notes consist of general obligation notes, tax anticipation notes (notes sold to finance working capital needs of the issuer in anticipation of receiving taxes on a future date), revenue anticipation notes (notes sold to provide needed cash prior to receipt of expected non-tax revenues from a specific source), bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, certificates of indebtedness, demand notes and construction loan notes. The maturities of the instruments at the time of issue will generally range from three months to one year.
SIMC and/or the Sub-Adviser, as applicable, may rely on the opinion of the issuer's counsel, which is rendered at the time the security is issued, to determine whether the security is fit, with respect to its validity and tax status, to be purchased by a Fund. SIMC, the Sub-Advisers and the Funds do not guarantee this opinion is correct, and there is no assurance that the IRS will agree with such counsel's opinion.
NON-DIVERSIFICATION—As indicated in the Investment Limitations section, certain Funds are non-diversified investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act, which means that a relatively high percentage of such Fund's assets may be invested in the obligations of a limited number of issuers. The value of shares of each such Fund may be more susceptible to any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than the shares of a diversified investment company would be. Each of these Funds intends to satisfy the diversification requirements necessary to qualify as a RIC under the Code, as described more fully in the "Taxes" section of this SAI.
OBLIGATIONS OF DOMESTIC BANKS, FOREIGN BANKS AND FOREIGN BRANCHES OF U.S. BANKS—Investments in bank obligations include obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such investments in domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may involve risks that are different from investments in securities of domestic branches of U.S. banks. These risks may include future unfavorable political and economic developments, possible withholding taxes on interest income, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, or
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other governmental restrictions that might affect the payment of principal or interest on the securities held by a Fund. Additionally, these institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting and recordkeeping requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Bank obligations include the following:
Bankers' Acceptances. Bankers' acceptances are bills of exchange or time drafts drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank. Corporations use bankers' acceptances to finance the shipment and storage of goods and to furnish dollar exchange. Maturities are generally six months or less.
Bank Notes. Bank notes are notes used to represent debt obligations issued by banks in large denominations.
Certificates of Deposit. Certificates of deposit are interest-bearing instruments with a specific maturity. They are issued by banks and savings and loan institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds and can normally be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Certificates of deposit with penalties for early withdrawal will be considered illiquid. Additional information about illiquid securities is provided under the section "Illiquid Securities" above.
Time Deposits. Time deposits are non-negotiable receipts issued by a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, a time deposit earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in the secondary market. Time deposits with a withdrawal penalty or that mature in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid. Additional information about illiquid securities is provided under the section "Illiquid Securities" above.
OBLIGATIONS OF SUPRANATIONAL ENTITIES—Supranational entities are entities established through the joint participation of several governments, including the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Economic Community, the European Investment Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank. The governmental members, or "stockholders," usually make initial capital contributions to the supranational entity and, in many cases, are committed to make additional capital contributions if the supranational entity is unable to repay its borrowings. There is no guarantee that one or more stockholders of a supranational entity will continue to make any necessary additional capital contributions. If such contributions are not made, the entity may be unable to pay interest or repay principal on its debt securities, and a Fund may lose money on such investments.
OPTIONS—A Fund may purchase and write put and call options on indexes and enter into related closing transactions. A put option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying security at any time during the option period, or for certain types of options, at the conclusion of the option period or only at certain times during the option period. A call option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying security at any time during the option period, or for certain types of options, at the conclusion of the option period or only at certain times during the option period. The premium paid to the writer is the consideration for undertaking the obligations under the option contract.
A Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies (traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or OTC markets) to manage its exposure to exchange rates.
Put and call options on indexes are similar to options on securities except that options on an index give the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the underlying index is greater than (or less than, in the case of puts) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option, expressed in dollars multiplied by a specified number. Thus, unlike options on individual securities, all settlements are in cash, and gain or loss depends on price movements in the particular market represented by the index generally rather than the price movements in individual securities. Options on indexes may, depending on circumstances, involve greater risk than options on securities. Because stock index options are settled in cash, when a Fund writes a call on an index it may not be able to provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities.
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Each Fund may trade put and call options on securities, securities indexes and currencies, as SIMC or a Sub-Adviser determines is appropriate in seeking to achieve the Fund's investment objective, unless otherwise restricted by the Fund's investment limitations.
The initial purchase (sale) of an option contract is an "opening transaction." In order to close out an option position, a Fund may enter into a "closing transaction," which is simply the sale (purchase) of an option contract on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option contract originally opened. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to an option it has written, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or the Fund delivers the security upon exercise.
A Fund may purchase put and call options on securities for any lawful purpose, including to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities in its portfolio or to anticipate an increase in the market value of securities that the Fund may seek to purchase in the future. A Fund purchasing put and call options pays a premium for such options. If price movements in the underlying securities are such that exercise of the options would not be profitable for the Fund, loss of the premium paid may be offset by an increase in the value of the Fund's securities or by a decrease in the cost of the acquisition of securities by the Fund.
A Fund may write (i.e., sell) "covered" call options on securities for any lawful purpose, including as a means of increasing the yield on its assets and as a means of providing limited protection against decreases in its market value. Certain Funds may engage in a covered call option writing (selling) program in an attempt to generate additional income or provide a partial hedge to another position of the Fund. A call option is "covered" if the Fund either owns the underlying instrument or has an absolute and immediate right (such as a call with the same or a later expiration date) to acquire that instrument. The underlying instruments of such covered call options may consist of individual equity securities, pools of equity securities, ETFs or indexes.
The writing of covered call options is a more conservative investment technique than writing of naked or uncovered options, but capable of enhancing the Fund's total return. When a Fund writes a covered call option, it profits from the premium paid by the buyer but gives up the opportunity to profit from an increase in the value of the underlying security above the exercise price. At the same time, the Fund retains the risk of loss from a decline in the value of the underlying security during the option period. Although the Fund may terminate its obligation by executing a closing purchase transaction, the cost of effecting such a transaction may be greater than the premium received upon its sale, resulting in a loss to the Fund. If such an option expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received. Such a gain may be offset or exceeded by a decline in the market value of the underlying security during the option period. If an option is exercised, the exercise price, the premium received and the market value of the underlying security determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund.
When a Fund writes an option, if the underlying securities do not increase or decrease, as applicable, to a price level that would make the exercise of the option profitable to the holder thereof, the option will generally expire without being exercised and the Fund will realize as profit the premium received for such option. When a call option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, the Fund will be required to sell the underlying securities to the option holder at the strike price and will not participate in any increase in the price of such securities above the strike price. When a put option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, the Fund will be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the market value of such securities.
A Fund may purchase and write options on an exchange or OTC. OTC options differ from exchange-traded options in several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or futures commission merchant, and therefore entail the risk of non-performance by the dealer. OTC options are available for a greater variety of securities and for a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than are available for exchange-traded options. Because OTC options are not traded on an exchange, pricing is normally done by reference to information from a market maker. It is the SEC's position that OTC options are generally illiquid. The market value of an option generally reflects the market price of an underlying security. Other principal factors affecting market value include supply and demand, interest rates, the pricing volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until the expiration date.
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Risks. Risks associated with options transactions include: (i) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on an ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (ii) there may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of options and the securities underlying them; (iii) there may not be a liquid secondary market for options; and (iv) though a Fund will receive a premium when it writes covered call options, it may not participate fully in a rise in the market value of the underlying security.
PARTICIPATION NOTES—P-Notes are participation interest notes that are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying equity, debt, currency or market. When purchasing a P-Note, the posting of margin is not required because the full cost of the P-Note (plus commission) is paid at the time of purchase. When the P-Note matures, the issuer will pay to, or receive from, the purchaser the difference between the minimal value of the underlying instrument at the time of purchase and that instrument's value at maturity. Investments in P-Notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying foreign companies or foreign securities markets that they seek to replicate.
In addition, there can be no assurance that the trading price of P-Notes will equal the underlying value of the foreign companies or foreign securities markets that they seek to replicate. The holder of a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security is entitled to receive any dividends paid in connection with an underlying security or instrument. However, the holder of a P-Note does not receive voting rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security or instrument. P-Notes are generally traded OTC. P-Notes constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them and the counterparty. There is also counterparty risk associated with these investments because the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such counterparty and has no rights under a P-Note against the issuer of the underlying security. In addition, a Fund will incur transaction costs as a result of investment in P-Notes.
PAY-IN-KIND BONDS—Pay-in-kind bonds are securities that, at the issuer's option, pay interest in either cash or additional securities for a specified period. Pay-in-kind bonds, like zero coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. Pay-in-kind bonds are expected to reflect the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last payment.
Pay-in-kind bonds are usually less volatile than zero coupon bonds, but more volatile than cash pay securities.
PRIVATIZATIONS—Privatizations are foreign government programs for selling all or part of the interests in government owned or controlled enterprises. The ability of a U.S. entity to participate in privatizations in certain foreign countries may be limited by local law, or the terms on which a Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those applicable for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell their interests in companies currently owned or controlled by them or that privatization programs will be successful.
PUT TRANSACTIONS—A Fund may purchase securities at a price that would result in a yield to maturity lower than generally offered by the seller at the time of purchase when the Fund can simultaneously acquire the right to sell the securities back to the seller, the issuer or a third party (the "writer") at an agreed-upon price at any time during a stated period or on a certain date. Such a right is generally denoted as a "standby commitment" or a "put." The purpose of engaging in transactions involving puts is to maintain flexibility and liquidity to permit a Fund to meet redemptions and remain as fully invested as possible in municipal securities. The right to put the securities depends on the writer's ability to pay for the securities at the time the put is exercised. A Fund would limit its put transactions to institutions that SIMC or a Sub-Adviser believes present minimum credit risks, and SIMC or a Sub-Adviser would use its best efforts to initially determine and continue to monitor the financial strength of the sellers of the options by evaluating their financial statements and such other information as is available in the marketplace. It may, however, be difficult to monitor the financial strength of the writers because adequate current financial information may not be available. In the event that any writer is unable to honor a put for financial reasons, a Fund would be a general creditor (i.e., on a parity with all other unsecured creditors) of the writer. Furthermore, particular provisions of the contract between a Fund and the writer may excuse the writer from repurchasing the securities; for example, a change in the published rating of
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the underlying municipal securities or any similar event that has an adverse effect on the issuer's credit or a provision in the contract that the put will not be exercised except in certain special cases, such as to maintain Fund liquidity. A Fund could, however, at any time sell the underlying portfolio security in the open market or wait until the portfolio security matures, at which time it should realize the full par value of the security.
The securities purchased subject to a put may be sold to third persons at any time, even though the put is outstanding, but the put itself, unless it is an integral part of the security as originally issued, may not be marketable or otherwise assignable. Therefore, the put would have value only to that particular Fund. Sale of the securities to third parties or lapse of time with the put unexercised may terminate the right to put the securities. Prior to the expiration of any put option, a Fund could seek to negotiate terms for the extension of such an option. If such a renewal cannot be negotiated on terms satisfactory to the Fund, the Fund could, of course, sell the portfolio security. The maturity of the underlying security will generally be different from that of the put. For the purpose of determining the "maturity" of securities purchased subject to an option to put, and for the purpose of determining the dollar-weighted average maturity of a Fund including such securities, the Fund will consider "maturity" to be the first date on which it has the right to demand payment from the writer of the put (although the final maturity of the security is later than such date).
QUANTITATIVE INVESTING—A quantitative investment style generally involves the use of computers to implement a systematic or rules-based approach to selecting investments based on specific measurable factors. Due to the significant role technology plays in such strategies, they carry the risk of unintended or unrecognized issues or flaws in the design, coding, implementation or maintenance of the computer programs or technology used in the development and implementation of the quantitative strategy. These issues or flaws, which can be difficult to identify, may result in the implementation of a portfolio that is different from that which was intended, and could negatively impact investment returns. Such risks should be viewed as an inherent element of investing in an investment strategy that relies heavily upon quantitative models and computerization.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS—REITs are entities that invest primarily in commercial real estate or real estate-related loans. A U.S. REIT is not taxed on income distributed to its shareholders or unitholders if it complies with certain requirements under the Code relating to its organization, ownership, assets and income, as well as with a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders or unitholders at least 90% of its taxable income for each taxable year. Generally, REITs can be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents and capital gains from appreciation realized through property sales. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both Equity and Mortgage REITs. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, shareholders will bear not only the proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of underlying REITs.
A Fund may be subject to certain risks associated with the direct investments of REITs. REITs may be affected by changes in the value of their underlying properties and by defaults by borrowers or tenants. Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of the credit extended. Furthermore, REITs are dependent on specialized management skills. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in financing a limited number of properties. REITs generally depend on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders and may be subject to defaults by borrowers and to self-liquidations. In addition, a U.S. REIT may be affected by its failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code or its failure to maintain exemption from registration under the 1940 Act.
REAL ESTATE OPERATING COMPANIES—REOCs are real estate companies that engage in the development, management or financing of real estate. Typically, REOCs provide services such as property management, property development, facilities management and real estate financing. REOCs are publicly traded corporations that have not elected to be taxed as REITs. The three primary reasons for such an election are: (i) availability of tax loss carryforwards, (ii) operation in non-REIT-qualifying lines of business, and (iii) the ability to retain earnings.
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RECEIPTS—Receipts are interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. Government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. Government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. Receipts include TRs, TIGRs, LYONs and CATS. LYONs, TIGRs and CATS are interests in private proprietary accounts, while TRs and STRIPS (see "U.S. Treasury Obligations" below) are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, which means that they are sold at a substantial discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. This discount is accreted over the life of the security, and such accretion will constitute the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. For tax purposes, original issue discount that accretes in a taxable year is treated as earned by a Fund and therefore is subject to the distribution requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. Because of these features, such securities may be subject to greater interest rate volatility than interest paying fixed income securities.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS—A repurchase agreement is an agreement in which one party sells securities to another party in return for cash, with an agreement to repurchase equivalent securities at an agreed-upon price and on an agreed-upon future date. A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions. The Funds follow certain procedures designed to minimize the risks inherent in such agreements. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized and well-established financial institutions deemed creditworthy by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser. The repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund will provide that the underlying collateral at all times shall have a value at least equal to 102% of the resale price stated in the agreement at all times. SIMC and the applicable Sub-Advisers monitor compliance with this requirement as well as the ongoing financial condition and creditworthiness of the counterparty.
Under all repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund, the Fund's custodian or its agent must take possession of the underlying collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, a Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of a Fund's right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase are less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. A Fund may enter into "tri-party" repurchase agreements. In "tri-party" repurchase agreements, an unaffiliated third party custodian maintains accounts to hold collateral for the Fund and its counterparties and, therefore, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of those custodians. At times, the investments of a Fund in repurchase agreements may be substantial when, in the view of SIMC or the Sub-Adviser(s), liquidity or other considerations so warrant.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES—Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold freely to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or an exemption from registration. Restricted securities, including securities eligible for re-sale under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, that are determined to be liquid are not subject to a Fund's limitation on investing in illiquid securities. The determination of whether a restricted security is illiquid is to be made by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board. Under these guidelines, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser will consider the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number of dealers in, and potential purchasers for, the security, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, and the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades. In purchasing such restricted securities, SIMC and each Sub-Adviser intends to purchase securities that are exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, including, but not limited to, Rules 506(b) or 506(c) under Regulation D.
Private Investments in Public Equity—A Fund may purchase PIPEs, which are equity securities in a private placement that are issued by issuers that have outstanding publicly-traded equity securities of the same class. Shares in PIPEs generally are not publicly registered until after a certain time period from the date the private sale is completed, which can last many months. Until the public registration process is completed, PIPEs are restricted as to resale and cannot be freely traded. Generally, such restrictions cause PIPEs to be illiquid during this restricted period. PIPEs may contain provisions that the issuer will pay specified financial penalties to the holder if the issuer does not publicly register the restricted equity securities within a specified period of time,
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but there is no assurance that the restricted equity securities will be publicly registered or that the registration will remain in effect.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND SALE-BUYBACKS—Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which a Fund sells portfolio securities to financial institutions, such as banks and broker-dealers, and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price that is higher than the original sale price. Reverse repurchase agreements are similar to a fully collateralized borrowing by a Fund. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to enter into reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act. The Rule permits a Fund to elect whether to treat a reverse repurchase agreement as a borrowing, subject to the asset coverage requirements of Section 18 of the Act, or as a Derivative Transactions under Rule 18f-4. The Funds have elected to treat all reverse repurchase agreements as Derivative Transactions. See "Derivatives" above.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks. Reverse repurchase agreements are a form of leverage, and the use of reverse repurchase agreements by a Fund may increase the Fund's volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements are also subject to the risk that the other party to the reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to a Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. In addition, when a Fund invests the proceeds it receives in a reverse repurchase transaction, there is a risk that those investments may decline in value. In this circumstance, the Fund could be required to sell other investments in order to meet its obligations to repurchase the securities.
In a sale-buyback transaction, a Fund sells an underlying security for settlement at a later date. A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Fund's repurchase of the underlying security.
RISKS OF CYBER-ATTACKS—As with any entity that conducts business through electronic means in the modern marketplace, the Funds, and their service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential information, unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Funds and their service providers use to service the Funds' operations, ransomware, operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Funds and their service providers, or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting a Fund, SIMC or any of the Sub-Advisers, a Fund's distributor, custodian, transfer agent, or any other of a Fund's intermediaries or service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses or the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund's ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes designed to mitigate or prevent the risk of cyber-attacks. Such costs may be ongoing because threats of cyber-attacks are constantly evolving as cyber attackers become more sophisticated and their techniques become more complex. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund's investment in such companies to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Funds, the Funds' service providers, or the issuers of the securities in which the Funds invest will not suffer losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches in the future. A Fund may also experience losses due to systems failures or inadequate system back-up or procedures at the brokerage firm(s) carrying the Fund's positions.
SECURITIES LENDING—Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Board. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 331/3% of the total asset value of the Fund (including the loan collateral).
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No Fund will lend portfolio securities to SIMC nor its Sub-Advisers or their affiliates unless it has applied for and received specific authority to do so from the SEC. Loans of portfolio securities will be fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. Government securities, and the collateral will be maintained in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities by marking to market daily, although the borrower will be required to deliver collateral of 102% and 105% of the market value of borrowed securities for domestic and foreign issuers, respectively. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the Fund.
A Fund may pay a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral or other fee to an unaffiliated third party for acting as the Fund's securities lending agent.
By lending its securities, a Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower that reflect the amount of any interest or any dividends payable on the loaned securities, as well as by either investing cash collateral received from the borrower in short-term instruments or obtaining a fee from the borrower when U.S. Government securities or letters of credit are used as collateral. Each Fund will adhere to the following conditions whenever its portfolio securities are loaned: (i) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral or equivalent securities of the type discussed in the preceding paragraph from the borrower; (ii) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities rises above the level of such collateral; (iii) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan on demand; (iv) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities and any increase in market value; (v) the Fund may pay only reasonable fees in connection with the loan (which may include fees payable to the lending agent, the borrower, the administrator and the custodian); and (vi) voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs, the Fund must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities. The Board has adopted procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the foregoing criteria will be met. Loan agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to recover the loaned securities or dispose of the collateral for the loan, which could give rise to loss because of adverse market action, expenses and/or delays in connection with the disposition of the underlying securities.
A Fund may invest the cash received as collateral through loan transactions in other eligible securities, which may include shares of an affiliated or unaffiliated registered money market fund or of an affiliated or unaffiliated unregistered money market fund that complies with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act to the extent required by the 1940 Act (see the "Investment Companies" section above). Money market funds may or may not seek to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share. Investing the cash collateral subjects the Fund to market risk. A Fund remains obligated to return all collateral to the borrower under the terms of its securities lending arrangements even if the value of the investments made with the collateral has declined. Accordingly, if the value of a security in which the cash collateral has been invested declines, the loss would be borne by the Fund, and the Fund may be required to liquidate other investments in order to return collateral to the borrower at the end of a loan.
SHORT SALES—Short sales may be used by a Fund as part of its overall portfolio management strategies or to offset (hedge) a potential decline in the value of a security. A Fund may engage in short sales that are either "against the box" or "uncovered" (only the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund may engage in short sales that are "against the box"). A short sale is "against the box" if, at all times during which the short position is open, the Fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable without further consideration for, securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to a Fund with respect to the securities that are sold short. Uncovered short sales are transactions under which a Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund may also be required to pay a premium, which would increase the
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cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale may be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. Pursuant to its particular investment strategy, a Sub-Adviser may have a net short exposure in the portfolio of assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser.
When a Fund sells securities short, it may use the proceeds from the sales to purchase long positions in additional equity securities that it believes will outperform the market or its peers. This strategy may effectively result in the Fund having a leveraged investment portfolio, which results in greater potential for loss. Leverage can amplify the effects of market volatility on a Fund's share price and make a Fund's returns more volatile. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund's portfolio securities. The use of leverage may also cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
A Fund must comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act with respect to its short sale borrowings, which are considered Derivative Transactions under the Rule. See "Derivatives" above.
SOCIAL INVESTMENT CRITERIA—The Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund's portfolio is subject to certain social investment criteria, including its anti-BDS approach. As a result, the Fund's Sub-Advisers may avoid purchasing certain securities for social reasons when it is otherwise economically advantageous to purchase those securities or may sell certain securities for social reasons when it is otherwise economically advantageous to hold those securities. In general, the application of the Fund's social investment criteria may affect the Fund's exposure to certain industries, sectors and geographic areas, which may affect the financial performance of the Fund, positively or negatively, depending on whether these industries or sectors are in or out of favor.
SOVEREIGN DEBT—The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates that are adjusted based upon international interest rates. The ability to service external debt will also depend on the level of the relevant government's international currency reserves and its access to a foreign exchange. Currency devaluations may affect the ability of a sovereign obligor to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to service its external debt.
As a result of the foregoing or other factors, a governmental obligor may default on its obligations. If such an event occurs, a Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign sovereign debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign sovereign debt obligations in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.
STRUCTURED SECURITIES—Certain Funds may invest a portion of their assets in entities organized and operated solely for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of sovereign debt obligations of emerging market issuers. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with, or purchase by, an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or Brady Bonds) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities ("Structured Securities") backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued Structured Securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of the payments made with respect to Structured Securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Because Structured Securities of the type in which the Funds anticipate they will invest typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk will generally be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. A Fund is permitted to invest in a class of Structured Securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated Structured Securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated Structured Securities. Structured Securities are typically sold in private placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for Structured Securities. Certain issuers of such Structured Securities may be deemed to be "investment companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a Fund's investment in such securities may be limited by certain investment restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
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SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS, COLLARS AND SWAPTIONS—Swaps are centrally-cleared or OTC derivative products in which two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated by reference to an underlying asset, such as a rate, index, instrument or securities (referred to as the "underlying") and a predetermined amount (referred to as the "notional amount"). The underlying for a swap may be an interest rate (fixed or floating), a currency exchange rate, a commodity price index, a security, group of securities or a securities index, a combination of any of these, or various other rates, securities, instruments, assets or indexes. Swap agreements generally do not involve the delivery of the underlying or principal, and a party's obligations are generally equal to only the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the swap agreement.
A great deal of flexibility is possible in the way swaps may be structured. For example, in a simple fixed-to-floating interest rate swap, one party makes payments equivalent to a fixed interest rate, and the other party makes payments calculated with reference to a specified floating interest rate, such as SOFR or the prime rate. In a currency swap, the parties generally enter into an agreement to pay interest streams in one currency based on a specified rate in exchange for receiving interest streams denominated in another currency. Currency swaps may involve initial and final exchanges of the currency that correspond to the agreed upon notional amount. The use of currency swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves special investment techniques and risks, including settlement risk, non-business day risk, the risk that trading hours may not align, and the risk of market disruptions and restrictions due to government action or other factors.
A Fund may engage in simple or more complex swap transactions involving a wide variety of underlying assets for various reasons. For example, a Fund may enter into a swap (i) to gain exposure to investments (such as an index of securities in a market) or currencies without actually purchasing those stocks or currencies; (ii) to make an investment without owning or taking physical custody of securities or currencies in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable; (iii) to hedge an existing position; (iv) to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if it had invested directly in an instrument that yielded the desired return; or (v) for various other reasons.
Certain Funds may enter into credit default swaps as a buyer or a seller. The buyer in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided no event of default has occurred. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value ("par value") of the underlying in exchange for the underlying. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund will have made a stream of payments to the seller without having benefited from the default protection it purchased. However, if an event of default occurs, the Fund, as a buyer, will receive the full notional value of the underlying that may have little or no value following default. As a seller, a Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default. If an event of default occurs, the Fund would be obligated to pay the notional value of the underlying in return for the receipt of the underlying. The value of the underlying received by the Fund, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Credit default swaps involve different risks than if a Fund invests in the underlying directly. For example, credit default swaps would increase credit risk by providing the Fund with exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation (typically a debt obligation) and the counterparty to the credit default swap. Credit default swaps may in some cases be illiquid. Furthermore, the definition of a "credit event" triggering the seller's payment obligations under a credit default swap may not encompass all of the circumstances in which the buyer may suffer credit-related losses on an obligation of a referenced entity.
The Funds may enter into total return swap agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of underlying assets, which may include a specified security, basket of securities, defined portfolios of bonds, loans and mortgages, or securities indexes during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or market.
Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to a Fund's portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Total
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return swaps are a mechanism for the user to accept the economic benefits of asset ownership without utilizing the balance sheet. The other leg of the swap is spread to reflect the non-balance sheet nature of the product. Total return swaps can be designed with any underlying asset agreed between two parties. Typically, no notional amounts are exchanged with total return swaps. Total return swap agreements entail the risk that a party will default on its payment obligations to the Fund thereunder. Swap agreements also entail the risk that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, a Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Fully funded total return swaps have economic and risk characteristics similar to credit-linked notes, which are described above.
Caps, floors, collars and swaptions are privately-negotiated option-based derivative products. Like a put or call option, the buyer of a cap or floor pays a premium to the writer. In exchange for that premium, the buyer receives the right to a payment equal to the differential if the specified index or rate rises above (in the case of a cap) or falls below (in the case of a floor) a pre-determined strike level. Like swaps, obligations under caps and floors are calculated based upon an agreed notional amount, and, like most swaps (other than foreign currency swaps), the entire notional amount is not exchanged. A collar is a combination product in which one party buys a cap from and sells a floor to another party. Swaptions give the holder the right to enter into a swap. A Fund may use one or more of these derivative products in addition to or in lieu of a swap involving a similar rate or index.
Under current market practice, swaps, caps, collars and floors between the same two parties are generally documented under a "master agreement." In some cases, options and forward contracts between the parties may also be governed by the same master agreement. In the event of a default, amounts owed under all transactions entered into under, or covered by, the same master agreement would be netted, and only a single payment would be made.
Generally, a Fund would calculate the obligations of the swap agreements' counterparties on a "net basis." Consequently, a Fund's current obligation (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap agreement (the "net amount"). A Fund's current obligation under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund).
Each Fund will not enter into a swap agreement with any single party if the net amount owed or to be received under the existing agreements with that party would exceed 5% of the Fund's assets.
The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents using standardized swap agreements. As a result, the use of swaps has become more prevalent in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments that are also traded in OTC markets.
Swaps and other derivatives involve risks. One significant risk in a swap, cap, floor, collar or swaption is the volatility of the specific interest rate, currency or other underlying that determines the amount of payments due to and from a Fund. This is true whether these derivative products are used to create additional risk exposure for a Fund or to hedge, or manage, existing risk exposure. If under a swap, cap, floor, collar or swaption agreement a Fund is obligated to make a payment to the counterparty, the Fund must be prepared to make the payment when due. A Fund could suffer losses with respect to such an agreement if the Fund is unable to terminate the agreement or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions. Further, the risks of caps, floors and collars, like put and call options, may be unlimited for the seller if the cap or floor is not hedged or covered, but is limited for the buyer.
Because under swap, cap, floor, collar and swaption agreements a counterparty may be obligated to make payments to a Fund, these derivative products are subject to risks related to the counterparty's creditworthiness, in addition to other risks discussed in this SAI. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund's risk of loss will consist of any payments that the Fund is entitled to receive from the counterparty under the agreement (this may not be true for currency swaps that require the delivery of the entire notional amount of one designated currency in
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exchange for the other). Upon default by a counterparty, however, a Fund may have contractual remedies under the swap agreement.
A Fund will enter into swaps only with counterparties that SIMC or a Sub-Adviser believes to be creditworthy.
The swap market is a relatively new market for which regulations are still being developed. The Dodd-Frank Act has substantially altered and increased the regulation of swaps. Swaps are broadly defined in the Dodd-Frank Act, CFTC rules and SEC rules, and also include commodity options and NDFs. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act divided the regulation of swaps between commodity swaps (such as swaps on interest rates, currencies, physical commodities, broad based stock indexes, and broad based credit default swap indexes), regulated by the CFTC, and security based swaps (such as equity swaps and single name credit default swaps), regulated by the SEC. The CFTC will determine which categories of swaps will be required to be traded on regulated exchange-like platforms, such as swap execution facilities, and which will be required to be centrally cleared. Cleared swaps must be cleared through futures commission merchants registered with the CFTC, and such futures commission merchants will be required to collect margin from customers for such cleared swaps. Additionally, all swaps are subject to reporting to a swap data repository. Dealers in swaps are required to register with the CFTC as swap dealers and are required to comply with extensive regulations regarding their external and internal business conduct practices, regulatory capital requirements, and rules regarding the holding of counterparty collateral.
TRACKING ERROR—The following factors may affect the ability of a Fund that tracks the performance of a benchmark to achieve correlation with the performance of its benchmark: (i) Fund expenses, including brokerage fees (which may be increased by high portfolio turnover); (ii) the Fund holding less than all of the securities in the benchmark and/or securities not included in the benchmark; (iii) an imperfect correlation between the performance of instruments held by the Fund, such as futures contracts and options, and the performance of the underlying securities in the market; (iv) bid-ask spreads (the effect of which may be increased by portfolio turnover); (v) the Fund holding instruments traded in a market that has become illiquid or disrupted; (vi) Fund share prices being rounded to the nearest cent; (vii) changes to the index tracked that are not disseminated in advance; (viii) the need to conform the Fund's portfolio holdings to comply with investment restrictions or policies or regulatory or tax law requirements. In addition, an adviser's use of hedging techniques will generally cause a Fund's performance to diverge from that of its respective index at times when hedges are employed.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES—Examples of types of U.S. Government obligations in which a Fund may invest include U.S. Treasury obligations and the obligations of U.S. Government agencies or U.S. Government sponsored entities such as Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the FHA, the Farmers Home Administration, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Small Business Administration, Fannie Mae, GNMA, the General Services Administration, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Maritime Administration and other similar agencies. Whether backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury or not, U.S. Government securities are not guaranteed against price movements due to fluctuating interest rates.
If the total public debt of the U.S. Government as a percentage of gross domestic product reaches high levels as a result of combating financial downturn or otherwise, such high levels of debt may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may increase borrowing costs and cause a government to issue additional debt, thereby increasing the risk of refinancing. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its debt when due. Unsustainable debt levels can decline the valuation of currencies, can prevent a government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy during economic downturns, and can contribute to market volatility.
An increase in national debt levels may also necessitate the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt ceiling to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. Government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. Future downgrades could increase
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volatility in domestic and foreign financial markets, result in higher interest rates, lower prices of U.S. Treasury securities and increase the costs of different kinds of debt. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected. Although remote, it is at least theoretically possible that under certain scenarios the U.S. Government could default on its debt, including U.S. Treasury securities.
Receipts. Receipts are interests in separately-traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. Government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. Government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. TRs and STRIPS are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, which means that they are sold at a substantial discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal.
U.S. Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry systems known as STRIPS and TRs.
U.S. Government Zero Coupon Securities. STRIPS and receipts are sold as zero coupon securities; that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturities and credit qualities.
U.S. Government Agencies. Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. Government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury (e.g., Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA), others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (e.g., obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks), while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality (e.g., obligations of Fannie Mae). Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation so that, in the event of a default prior to maturity, there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest neither extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of a Fund's shares.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS—Certain obligations may carry variable or floating rates of interest and may involve a conditional or unconditional demand feature. Such instruments bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but that vary with changes in specified market rates or indexes. The interest rates on these securities may be reset daily, weekly, quarterly, or some other reset period. There is a risk that the current interest rate on such obligations may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. A demand instrument with a demand notice exceeding seven days may be considered illiquid if there is no secondary market for such security.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY SECURITIES—When-issued and delayed delivery basis, including "TBA" (to be announced) basis, transactions involve the purchase of an instrument with payment and delivery taking place in the future. Delivery of and payment for these securities may occur a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. A TBA transaction is a method of trading mortgage-backed securities. In a TBA transaction, the buyer and seller agree upon general trade parameters such as agency, settlement date, par amount and price. The actual pools delivered generally are determined two days prior to the settlement date. The interest rate realized on these securities is fixed as of the purchase date, and no interest accrues to a
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Fund before settlement. These securities are subject to market fluctuation due to changes in market interest rates, and it is possible that the market value of these securities at the time of settlement could be higher or lower than the purchase price if the general level of interest rates has changed. Although a Fund will generally purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis with the intention of actually acquiring securities for its portfolio, the Fund may dispose of a when-issued security or forward commitment prior to settlement if SIMC or a Sub-Adviser deems it appropriate.
Rule 18f-4 under 1940 Act permits a Fund to enter into when-issued or delayed delivery basis securities notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date. If a when-issued or delayed delivery basis security does not satisfy those requirements, the Fund would need to comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act with respect to its when issued or delayed delivery transactions, which are considered Derivative Transactions under the Rule. See "Derivatives" above.
YANKEE OBLIGATIONS—Yankees are U.S. dollar-denominated instruments of foreign issuers who either register with the SEC or issue securities under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. These obligations consist of debt securities (including preferred or preference stock of non-governmental issuers), certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits and bankers' acceptances issued by foreign banks, and debt obligations of foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, international agencies and supranational entities. Some securities issued by foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the foreign government.
The Yankees selected for a Fund will adhere to the same quality standards as those utilized for the selection of domestic debt obligations.
ZERO COUPON SECURITIES—Zero coupon securities are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and securities on which interest payments are not made during the life of the security. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the par value of the security. Although interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received "phantom income" annually. Because a Fund will distribute its "phantom income" to shareholders, to the extent that shareholders elect to receive dividends in cash rather than reinvesting such dividends in additional shares, a Fund will have fewer assets with which to purchase income producing securities. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest in either cash or additional securities, at the issuer's option, for a specified period. Pay-in-kind bonds, like zero coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. Pay-in-kind bonds are expected to reflect the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last payment. Pay-in-kind bonds are usually less volatile than zero coupon bonds, but more volatile than cash pay securities. Pay-in-kind securities are securities that have interest payable by delivery of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities. Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.
Zero coupon, pay-in-kind and deferred payment securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and lesser liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities paying cash interest at regular interest payment periods. STRIPS and receipts (TRs, TIGRs, LYONs and CATS) are sold as zero coupon securities; that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturities but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturities and credit qualities.
Corporate zero coupon securities are: (i) notes or debentures that do not pay current interest and are issued at substantial discounts from par value; or (ii) notes or debentures that pay no current interest until a
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stated date one or more years into the future, after which date the issuer is obligated to pay interest until maturity, usually at a higher rate than if interest were payable from the date of issuance, and may also make interest payments in kind (e.g., with identical zero coupon securities). Such corporate zero coupon securities, in addition to the risks identified above, are subject to the risk of the issuer's failure to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. A Fund must accrete the discount or interest on high-yield bonds structured as zero coupon securities as income even though it does not receive a corresponding cash interest payment until the security's maturity or payment date. For tax purposes, original issue discount that accretes in a taxable year is treated as earned by a Fund and therefore is subject to the distribution requirements applicable to the RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. A Fund may have to dispose of its securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash or may have to leverage itself by borrowing cash to satisfy distribution requirements. A Fund accrues income with respect to the securities prior to the receipt of cash payments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following are fundamental and non-fundamental policies of the Funds. The following percentage limitations (except for the limitation on borrowing and illiquid investments) will apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs immediately after or as a result of a purchase of such security.
Fundamental Policies
The following investment limitations are fundamental policies of the Large Cap Fund, Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, Large Cap Index Fund, S&P 500 Index Fund, Small Cap Fund, Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund, U.S. Managed Volatility Fund, World Select Equity Fund, World Equity Ex-US Fund, Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund, Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Opportunistic Income Fund, Core Fixed Income Fund, High Yield Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Real Return Fund, Limited Duration Bond Fund, Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund, Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund, Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, Intermediate Duration Credit Fund and Global Managed Volatility Fund and may not be changed with respect to a Fund without the consent of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding shares. The term "majority of outstanding shares" means the vote of: (i) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares, whichever is less.
Each Fund may not:
1. Purchase securities of an issuer if it would cause the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification requirement for a diversified management company under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules and regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. This investment limitation does not apply to the Emerging Markets Debt and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds.
2. Concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time. Each of the Ultra Short Duration Bond and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds may invest, without limitation, in: (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions.
3. Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
4. Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
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5. Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
6. Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
The following investment limitations are fundamental policies of the Long Duration Fund and may not be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding shares.
The Fund may not:
1. Purchase securities of an issuer if it would cause the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification requirement for a diversified management company under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time.
2. Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of its total assets to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
3. Issue any class of senior security (as defined in the 1940 Act) except as permitted by rule, regulation or order of the SEC.
4. Make loans if, as a result, more than 331/3% of its total assets would be loaned to other parties, except that the Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; and (iii) lend its securities.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, physical commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase: (i) marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in real estate (including real estate investment trusts), commodities or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts.
6. Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
7. Borrow money in an amount exceeding 331/3% of the value of its total assets, provided that, for purposes of this limitation, investment strategies that either obligate the Fund to purchase securities or require the Fund to segregate assets are not considered to be borrowing. Asset coverage of at least 300% is required for all borrowing, except where the Fund has borrowed money for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of its total assets.
The following investment limitations are fundamental policies of the Long Duration Credit and Small Cap II Funds and cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the consent of the holders of a majority of such Fund's outstanding shares. The term "majority of outstanding shares" means the vote of: (i) 67% of the Fund's shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares, whichever is less.
Each Fund may:
1. Borrow money, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
2. Make loans, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
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3. Purchase or sell commodities, commodities contracts and real estate, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
4. Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
5. Purchase securities of an issuer, except if it would cause the Fund to fail to satisfy the diversification requirement for a diversified management company under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
Each Fund may not:
1. Concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time, except that the Fund may invest without limitation in: (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions.
2. Issue senior securities, as such term is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom as amended or interpreted from time to time, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
The following are fundamental policies of the Extended Market Index Fund. The following percentage limitations (except for the limitation on borrowing) will apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs immediately after or as a result of a purchase of such security. The fundamental policies of the Fund cannot be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding shares. The term "majority of outstanding shares" means the vote of: (i) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares, whichever is less.
1. The Fund may not concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time, except that the Fund may concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent that the index the Fund is designed to track concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries and the Fund may invest without limitation in (a) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and (b) tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions.
2. The Fund may borrow money, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
3. The Fund may not issue senior securities (as such term is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom as amended or interpreted from time to time), except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
4. The Fund may make loans, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
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5. The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
6. The Fund may underwrite securities issued by other persons, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
For purposes of the industry concentration limitation specified in the Prospectus and SAI: (i) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (ii) financial service companies will be classified according to end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; (iii) supranational agencies will be deemed to be issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry; and (iv) governmental issuers within a particular country will be deemed to be conducting their principal business activities in that same industry.
Non-Fundamental Policies
The following investment limitations are non-fundamental policies of the Funds and, unless otherwise required by applicable law, may be changed by the Board without the consent of the holders of a majority of a Fund's outstanding shares.
Each Fund may not:
1. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets except to secure permitted borrowings or related to the deposit of assets in escrow or the posting of collateral in segregated accounts in compliance with applicable law or as otherwise contractually required.
2(a). With respect to the Large Cap Index, Extended Market Index, Small Cap, Small Cap II, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Long Duration, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Real Return, Multi-Asset Real Return, Limited Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Equity and Global Managed Volatility Funds, purchase securities on margin or effect short sales, except that each Fund may: (i) obtain short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of security transactions; (ii) provide initial and variation margin payments in connection with transactions involving futures contracts and options on such contracts; and (iii) make short sales "against the box" or in compliance with applicable law or as otherwise contractually required.
2(b). With respect to the U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, World Equity Ex-U.S. and Screened World Equity Ex-U.S. Funds, purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and provided that margin deposits in connection with futures contracts, options on futures or other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin.
2(c). With respect to the S&P 500 Index Fund, make short sales of securities, maintain a short position or purchase securities on margin, except that the Fund may obtain short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of security transactions.
3. Purchase investments, i.e., any investment that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold in current market conditions in seven calendar days without significantly changing the market value of the investment, if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid securities.
4. With respect to 75% of its total assets: (i) purchase the securities of any issuer (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer; or (ii) acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. This investment limitation does not apply to the Extended Market Index, Emerging Markets Debt or Multi-Asset Real Return Funds.
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5(a). With respect to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Large Cap Index, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, U.S. Managed Volatility, Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Real Return, Dynamic Asset Allocation, Emerging Markets Equity and Global Managed Volatility Funds, purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of its total assets to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
5(b). With respect to the Extended Market Index, Small Cap II, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Multi-Asset Real Return, Limited Duration Bond, World Select Equity, Emerging Markets Equity and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, purchase any securities that would cause 25% or more of the total assets of the Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, except that each Fund may invest without limitation in (i) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and (ii) tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions. Further, the Extended Market Index Fund may purchase securities that would cause 25% or more of the total assets of the Fund to be so invested to approximately the same extent that the index the Fund is designed to track invests in such securities.
5(c). With respect to the World Equity Ex-U.S. and Screened World Equity Ex-U.S. Funds, purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the total assets of the Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that this limitation does not apply to investments in: (i) certificates of deposit, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances or similar instruments issued or guaranteed by domestic banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks, which the Fund has determined to be subject to the same regulation as U.S. banks; or (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
6. With respect to the Large Cap, Small Cap, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Dynamic Asset Allocation, Limited Duration Bond and Emerging Markets Equity Funds, issue any class of senior security or sell any senior security of which it is the issuer, except that a Fund may borrow from any bank, provided that immediately after any such borrowing there is asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund, and further provided that, to the extent that such borrowings exceed 5% of a Fund's total assets, all borrowings shall be repaid before such Fund makes additional investments. The term "senior security" shall not include any temporary borrowings that do not exceed 5% of the value of such Fund's total assets at the time the Fund makes such temporary borrowing. In addition, investment strategies that either obligate a Fund to purchase securities or require a Fund to segregate assets will not be considered borrowings or senior securities.
7. Make loans if, as a result, more than 331/3% of its total assets would be loaned to other parties, except that each Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; (iii) lend its securities; and (iv) participate in the SEI Funds interfund lending program. This investment limitation does not apply to the Long Duration Fund.
8. Invest in unmarketable interests in real estate limited partnerships or invest directly in real estate except as permitted by the 1940 Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing policy does not prevent the Fund from, among other things; purchasing marketable securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests therein (including REITs). This investment limitation does not apply to the Long Duration or Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds.
9. With respect to each of the World Equity Ex-U.S. and Screened World Equity Ex-U.S. Funds, sell securities short unless it owns the security or the right to obtain the security or equivalent securities, or unless it otherwise complies with current SEC rules and interpretations.
10(a). With respect to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Large Cap Index, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, U.S. Managed Volatility, Opportunistic Income, Real Return, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, borrow money in an amount exceeding 331/3% of the value of its total
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assets, provided that, for purposes of this limitation, investment strategies which either obligate a Fund to purchase securities or require a Fund to segregate assets are not considered to be borrowing. Asset coverage of 300% is required for all borrowing, except where the Fund has borrowed money for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of its total assets. With respect to the U.S. Managed Volatility, Opportunistic Income and Real Return Funds, to the extent that its borrowings exceed 5% of its assets: (i) all borrowings will be repaid before a Fund makes additional investments and any interest paid on such borrowings will reduce income; and (ii) asset coverage of at least 300% is required in accordance with applicable SEC or SEC staff positions.
10(b). With respect to the Extended Market Index, Small Cap II, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Multi-Asset Real Return, Limited Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Equity, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds, borrow money in an amount exceeding 331/3% of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary or emergency borrowings not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets), provided that, for purposes of this limitation, investment strategies that either obligate the Fund to purchase securities or require the Fund to segregate assets are not considered to be borrowings. To the extent that its borrowings exceed 5% of its assets: (i) all borrowings will be repaid before the Fund makes additional investments and any interest paid on such borrowings will reduce income; and (ii) asset coverage of at least 300%, including the amount borrowed, is required in accordance with applicable SEC or SEC staff positions.
10(c). With respect to the Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, borrow money in an amount exceeding 331/3% of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets), provided that, for purposes of this limitation, investment strategies which either obligate the Fund to purchase securities or require the Fund to segregate or earmark assets are not considered to be borrowings.
11. With respect to the Large Cap Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large companies. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
12. With respect to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large companies to the extent covered in accordance with applicable SEC or SEC staff positions. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
13. With respect to the Large Cap Index Fund, invest less than substantially all of its net assets, under normal circumstances, in securities included in the Russell 1000 Index. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
14. With respect to the Extended Market Index Fund, invest less than substantially all of its net assets (at least 80%), under normal circumstances, in securities included in the Russell Small Cap Completeness Index. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
15. With respect to the Small Cap Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in equity securities of small companies. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
16. With respect to the World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, invest less than 80% of its net assets in equity securities of foreign companies. A Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
17. With respect to the Core Fixed Income Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
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18. With respect to the High Yield Bond Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
19. With respect to the Long Duration Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities and synthetic instruments or derivatives having economic characteristics similar to fixed income securities. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
20. With respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, invest less than 80% of its net assets, under normal circumstances, in equity securities of emerging market issuers to the extent covered in accordance with applicable SEC or SEC staff positions. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
21. With respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, invest less than 80% of its net assets, under normal circumstances, in fixed income securities of emerging markets issuers. This non-fundamental policy may be changed by the Board with at least 60 days' notice to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund's shareholders.
22. With respect to the Limited Duration Bond Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities and synthetic instruments or derivatives having economic characteristics similar to fixed income securities. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
23. With respect to the World Select Equity Fund, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of U.S. and foreign companies of all capitalization ranges.
24. With respect to the Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund, purchase or sell real estate, physical commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may purchase: (i) marketable securities issued by companies which own or invest in real estate (including real estate investment trusts), commodities or commodities contracts; and (ii) commodities contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts.
25. With respect to the Global Managed Volatility Fund, make loans if, as a result, more than 331/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties, except that the Fund may: (i) purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; (iii) lend its securities; and (iv) participate in the SEI Funds inter-fund lending program.
26. With respect to the U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund, under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity and equity-related securities of U.S. companies. The Fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change to this policy.
In addition, each Fund may:
Purchase or sell financial and physical commodities, commodity contracts based on (or relating to) physical commodities or financial commodities and securities and derivative instruments whose values are derived from (in whole or in part) physical commodities or financial commodities. This investment policy does not apply to the Long Duration Credit, Dynamic Asset Allocation or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds.
For purposes of the industry concentration limitation specified in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information: (i) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (ii) financial service companies will be classified according to end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; (iii) supranational agencies, such as the World Bank or any affiliate thereof or the United Nations, or related entities, will be deemed to be issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry; and (iv) governmental issuers within a particular country will be deemed to be conducting their principal business activities in that same industry.
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The following descriptions of the 1940 Act may assist shareholders in understanding the above policies and restrictions.
Diversification. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified investment management company, as to 75% of its total assets, may not purchase securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agents or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities would be held by the fund. Under applicable federal securities laws, the diversification of a mutual fund's holdings is measured at the time a fund purchases a security. If a Fund holds securities that perform well on a relative basis, the value of those securities could appreciate such that the value of the Fund's securities that constitute more than 5% of the Fund's total assets, in the aggregate, might exceed 25% of the Fund's total assets. In these circumstances, the Adviser or applicable Sub-Adviser might determine that it is in the best interests of a Fund's shareholders not to reduce one or more of the Fund's holdings in securities that constitute more than 5% of the Fund's total assets. If the Adviser or applicable Sub-Adviser makes such a determination, a Fund's holdings in such securities would continue to exceed 25% of the Fund's total assets, and the Fund would not purchase any additional shares of securities that constituted more than 5% of the Fund's total assets. The Fund would continue to qualify as a diversified fund under applicable federal securities laws. If more than 25% of a Fund's assets were invested, in the aggregate, in securities of issuers that individually represented more than 5% of the Fund's total assets, the Fund would be subject to the risk that its performance could be disproportionately affected by the performance of such securities. The Emerging Markets Debt and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds are non-diversified.
Concentration. The SEC has presently defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company's net assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions. For purposes of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund's concentration policies, the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund may classify and re-classify companies in a particular industry and define and re-define industries in any reasonable manner.
Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows a fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 331/3% of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets). In accordance with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, when a fund engages in reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, the fund may either (i) maintain asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treat such transactions as "derivative transactions" and comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to such transactions. Transactions that are treated as derivatives for purposes of Rule 18f-4, shall not be regarded as borrowings for the purposes of a fund's investment limitations.
Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although certain transactions are not treated as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments.
Lending. Under the 1940 Act, a fund may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. Each Fund's investment policies on lending are set forth above.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves a fund purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not make any commitment as underwriter, if immediately thereafter the amount of its outstanding underwriting commitments, plus the value of its investments in securities of issuers (other than investment companies) of which it owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, exceeds 25% of the value of its total assets.
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict a fund's ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every fund have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. Certain Funds have adopted a fundamental policy that would permit direct investment in real estate. However, these Funds have a non-fundamental investment limitation that prohibits them from investing directly in real estate. This non-fundamental policy may be changed only by vote of the Board.
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THE ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
General. SEI Investments Global Funds Services (the "Administrator"), a Delaware statutory trust, has its principal business offices at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456. The Administrator also serves as the transfer agent for the Funds (the "Transfer Agent"). SIMC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEI Investments Company ("SEI"), is the owner of all beneficial interest in the Administrator and Transfer Agent. SEI and its subsidiaries and affiliates, including the Administrator, are leading providers of fund evaluation services, trust accounting systems and brokerage and information services to financial institutions, institutional investors and money managers. The Administrator and its affiliates also serve as administrator or sub-administrator to other mutual funds.
Administration Agreement with the Trust. The Trust and the Administrator have entered into an administration and transfer agency agreement (the "Administration Agreement"). Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative and transfer agency services or employs certain other parties, including its affiliates, who provide such services. Such services generally include, but are not limited to;
• maintaining books and records related to a Fund's cash and position reconciliations, and portfolio transactions;
• preparation of financial statements and other reports for the Funds;
• calculating the NAV of the Funds in accordance with the Funds' valuation policies and procedures;
• tracking income and expense accruals and processing disbursements to vendors and service providers;
• providing performance, financial and expense information for registration statements and board materials;
• providing certain tax monitoring and reporting;
• providing space, equipment, personnel and facilities;
• maintaining share transfer records;
• reviewing account opening documents and subscription and redemption requests;
• calculating and distributing required ordinary income and capital gains distributions; and
• providing anti-money laundering program services.
The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Administrator in the performance of its duties or from the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations thereunder.
The Administration Agreement shall remain effective for the initial term of the Agreement and each renewal term thereof unless earlier terminated: (i) by a vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust on not less than 60 days' written notice to the Administrator; or (ii) by the Administrator on not less than 90 days' written notice to the Trust.
Administration Fees. For its administrative services, the Administrator receives a fee, which is calculated based upon the average daily net assets of each Fund and paid monthly by the Trust at the following annual rates:
Fund |
Administration Fee |
||||||
Large Cap Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
0.05 |
% |
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Fund |
Administration Fee |
||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Small Cap Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Small Cap II Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
World Select Equity Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Emerging Markets Equity Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Long Duration Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Real Return Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund |
0.05 |
% |
|||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
0.05 |
% |
For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 the following table shows: (i) the dollar amount of fees paid to the Administrator by each Fund; and (ii) the dollar amount of the Administrator's voluntary fee waivers and/or reimbursements.
Administration
Fees Paid (000) |
Administration Fees
Waived or Reimbursed (000) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
495 |
$ |
361 |
$ |
377 |
|||||||||||||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
792 |
$ |
642 |
$ |
616 |
|||||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,110 |
$ |
844 |
$ |
866 |
|||||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
2,917 |
$ |
2,293 |
$ |
2,265 |
|||||||||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
830 |
$ |
651 |
$ |
621 |
|||||||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
131 |
$ |
110 |
$ |
117 |
|||||||||||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
211 |
$ |
140 |
$ |
132 |
|||||||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
523 |
$ |
420 |
$ |
397 |
|||||||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
508 |
$ |
453 |
$ |
604 |
|||||||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
504 |
$ |
420 |
$ |
368 |
|||||||||||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,278 |
$ |
1,137 |
$ |
1,041 |
|||||||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
157 |
$ |
119 |
$ |
132 |
|||||||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
4,887 |
$ |
3,936 |
$ |
3,824 |
|||||||||||||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
68 |
$ |
70 |
$ |
74 |
|||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Equity Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
622 |
$ |
500 |
$ |
482 |
|||||||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
392 |
$ |
286 |
$ |
242 |
|||||||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
4,054 |
$ |
3,441 |
$ |
3,188 |
|||||||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,345 |
$ |
1,009 |
$ |
945 |
|||||||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
540 |
$ |
316 |
$ |
294 |
S-77
Administration
Fees Paid (000) |
Administration Fees
Waived or Reimbursed (000) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,894 |
$ |
1,425 |
$ |
1,518 |
|||||||||||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
321 |
$ |
199 |
$ |
241 |
|||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,118 |
$ |
920 |
$ |
879 |
|||||||||||||||
Real Return Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
157 |
$ |
150 |
$ |
148 |
|||||||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
801 |
$ |
859 |
$ |
1,109 |
|||||||||||||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
2,005 |
$ |
1,830 |
$ |
2,022 |
|||||||||||||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
1,050 |
$ |
878 |
$ |
888 |
|||||||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
386 |
$ |
386 |
$ |
442 |
THE ADVISER AND THE SUB-ADVISERS
General. SIMC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEI (NASDAQ: SEIC), a leading global provider of outsourced asset management, investment processing and investment operations solutions. The principal business address of SIMC and SEI is One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456. SEI was founded in 1968 and is a leading provider of investment solutions to banks, institutional investors, investment advisers and insurance companies. As of June 30, 2024, SIMC had approximately $199.46 billion in assets under management.
SIMC is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. SIMC also has registered with the National Futures Association as a "commodity pool operator" under the Commodities Exchange Act ("CEA") with respect to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund and with respect to certain products not included in this SAI. SIMC has claimed, on behalf of the other Funds in this prospectus in accordance with CFTC Regulation 4.5 and other relevant rules, regulations and no-action relief. SIMC is therefore not subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA with regard to the operation of the Funds.
Manager of Managers Structure. SIMC is the investment adviser to each of the Funds and operates as a "manager of managers." SIMC and the Trust have obtained an exemptive order from the SEC that permits SIMC, with the approval of the Trustees, to hire, retain or terminate sub-advisers unaffiliated with SIMC for the Funds without submitting the sub-advisory agreements to a vote of the Funds' shareholders. Among other things, the exemptive relief permits the disclosure of only the aggregate amount payable by SIMC under all such sub-advisory agreements. The Funds will notify shareholders in the event of any addition or change in the identity of their sub-advisers.
Subject to Board review, SIMC allocates and, when appropriate, reallocates the Funds' assets to the Sub-Advisers, monitors and evaluates the Sub-Advisers' performance and oversees Sub-Advisers' compliance with the Funds' investment objectives, policies and restrictions. SIMC has the ultimate responsibility for the investment performance of the Funds due to its responsibility to oversee Sub-Advisers and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement.
Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements. The Trust and SIMC have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement"). Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, SIMC oversees the investment advisory services provided to the Funds and may manage the cash portion of the Funds' assets. Pursuant to separate sub-advisory agreements (the "Sub-Advisory Agreements" and, together with the Advisory Agreement, the "Investment Advisory Agreements") with SIMC, and under the supervision of SIMC and the Board, one or more Sub-Advisers are responsible for the day-to-day investment management of all or a discrete portion of the assets of the Funds. The Sub-Advisers are also responsible for managing their employees who provide services to the Funds.
Each Investment Advisory Agreement sets forth a standard of care, pursuant to which the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, as applicable, is responsible for performing services to the Funds, and also includes liability and indemnification provisions.
S-78
The continuance of each Investment Advisory Agreement after the first two (2) years must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund or by the Trustees; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to such Investment Advisory Agreement or "interested persons" of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Each Investment Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund, on not less than 30 days' nor more than 60 days' written notice to SIMC or the Fund's Sub-Adviser, as applicable, or by SIMC or the Fund's Sub-Adviser, as applicable, on 90 days' written notice to the Trust.
In accordance with a separate exemptive order that the Trust and SIMC have obtained from the SEC, the Board may approve a new sub-advisory agreement or a material amendment to an existing sub-advisory agreement at a meeting that is not in person, subject to certain conditions, including that the Trustees are able to participate in the meeting using a means of communication that allows them to hear each other simultaneously during the meeting.
Advisory and Sub-Advisory Fees. For these advisory services, SIMC receives a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at the annual rates set forth in the table below (shown as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund). SIMC then pays the Sub-Advisers out of its contractual advisory fee for sub-advisory services provided to the Funds. The rates paid to each Sub-Adviser vary. The aggregate sub-advisory fees paid by SIMC for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024 are set forth below as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund.
Fund Name |
Contractual Advisory Fee |
Aggregate Sub-Advisory Fees Paid |
|||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
0.40 |
% |
0.16 |
% |
|||||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund |
0.40 |
% |
0.16 |
% |
|||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
0.05 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
|||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
0.03 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
|||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
0.12 |
% |
0.03 |
% |
|||||||
Small Cap Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.41 |
% |
|||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.39 |
% |
|||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.38 |
% |
|||||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund |
0.25 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
|||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.18 |
% |
|||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.22 |
% |
|||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
0.55 |
% |
0.23 |
% |
|||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
0.55 |
% |
0.24 |
% |
|||||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund |
0.65 |
% |
0.23 |
% |
|||||||
Emerging Markets Equity Fund* |
0.87 |
% |
0.55 |
% |
|||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
0.45 |
% |
0.23 |
% |
|||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
0.30 |
% |
0.10 |
% |
|||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
0.4875 |
% |
0.27 |
% |
|||||||
Long Duration Fund |
0.30 |
% |
0.12 |
% |
|||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
0.30 |
% |
0.13 |
% |
|||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
0.15 |
% |
0.10 |
% |
|||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund** |
0.67 |
% |
0.37 |
% |
|||||||
Real Return Fund |
0.22 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
|||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
0.25 |
% |
0.08 |
% |
|||||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund |
0.25 |
% |
0.13 |
% |
S-79
Fund Name |
Contractual Advisory Fee |
Aggregate Sub-Advisory Fees Paid |
|||||||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund |
0.60 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
|||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
0.55 |
% |
0.18 |
%^ |
* Effective July 1, 2023, the Contractual Advisory Fee was lowered from 1.05% to 0.85%.
** Effective July 1, 2023, the Contractual Advisory Fee was lowered from 0.85% to 0.65%.
^ Includes sub-advisory fees paid by SIMC to Sub-Advisers of the Subsidiary. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024, aggregate sub-advisory fees paid to Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund excluding the Subsidiary were 0.10% of the average daily net assets of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund.
SIMC typically waives a portion of the advisory fees it is contractually entitled to receive under the Advisory Agreement. SIMC pays each Sub-Adviser a fee out of its advisory fee. Sub-Advisory fees are based on a percentage of the average daily net assets managed by the applicable Sub-Adviser.
For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, the following tables show: (i) the contractual advisory fees that SIMC is entitled to receive from each Fund; (ii) the dollar amount of SIMC's contractual and voluntary fee waivers; (iii) the dollar amount of fees paid to the Sub-Advisers by SIMC; and (iv) the dollar amount of the fees retained by SIMC.
For the fiscal year ended May, 31, 2024:
Fund Name—Class A Shares |
Contractual
Advisory Fees (000) |
Advisory Fees
Waived (000) |
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid (000) |
Advisory Fees
Retained by SIMC (000) |
|||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
3,017 |
$ |
1,847 |
$ |
1,170 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap
Disciplined Equity Fund |
$ |
4,926 |
$ |
2,979 |
$ |
1,939 |
$ |
8 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
$ |
866 |
$ |
693 |
$ |
170 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
$ |
1,359 |
$ |
906 |
$ |
444 |
$ |
9 |
|||||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
$ |
1,491 |
$ |
1,119 |
$ |
372 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
1,516 |
$ |
552 |
$ |
949 |
$ |
15 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
$ |
1,710 |
$ |
631 |
$ |
1,031 |
$ |
48 |
|||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
5,164 |
$ |
2,066 |
$ |
3,049 |
$ |
49 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor
Allocation Fund |
$ |
3,018 |
$ |
3,018 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
4,781 |
$ |
3,457 |
$ |
1,324 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Global Managed
Volatility Fund |
$ |
13,531 |
$ |
8,951 |
$ |
4,580 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
1,451 |
$ |
784 |
$ |
618 |
$ |
49 |
|||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
42,064 |
$ |
23,071 |
$ |
18,665 |
$ |
328 |
|||||||||||
Screened World
Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
959 |
$ |
616 |
$ |
343 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets
Equity Fund |
$ |
8,364 |
$ |
3,117 |
$ |
5,247 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
$ |
2,180 |
$ |
1,066 |
$ |
1,111 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
$ |
21,695 |
$ |
14,463 |
$ |
6,989 |
$ |
243 |
|||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ |
9,216 |
$ |
4,225 |
$ |
4,991 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
$ |
1,764 |
$ |
1,058 |
$ |
706 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
9,108 |
$ |
5,161 |
$ |
3,813 |
$ |
134 |
|||||||||||
Ultra Short
Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
723 |
$ |
241 |
$ |
476 |
$ |
6 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
$ |
11,725 |
$ |
5,195 |
$ |
6,530 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Real Return Fund |
$ |
653 |
$ |
653 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
S-80
Fund Name—Class A Shares |
Contractual
Advisory Fees (000) |
Advisory Fees
Waived (000) |
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid (000) |
Advisory Fees
Retained by SIMC (000) |
|||||||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
5,545 |
$ |
3,549 |
$ |
1,862 |
$ |
134 |
|||||||||||
Intermediate
Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
10,111 |
$ |
4,853 |
$ |
5,198 |
$ |
60 |
|||||||||||
Dynamic Asset
Allocation Fund |
$ |
10,651 |
$ |
10,473 |
$ |
139 |
$ |
39 |
|||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
$ |
4,863 |
$ |
3,197 |
$ |
1,603 |
* |
$ |
63 |
* Includes sub-advisory fees paid by SIMC to Sub-Advisers of the Subsidiary. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024, aggregate sub-advisory fees paid to Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund excluding the Subsidiary were $940,827.
For the fiscal year ended May, 31, 2023:
Fund Name—Class A Shares |
Contractual
Advisory Fees (000) |
Advisory Fees
Waived (000) |
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid (000) |
Advisory Fees
Retained by SIMC (000) |
|||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
2,885 |
$ |
1,731 |
$ |
1,154 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap
Disciplined Equity Fund |
$ |
5,139 |
$ |
3,212 |
$ |
1,927 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
$ |
844 |
$ |
675 |
$ |
168 |
$ |
1 |
|||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
$ |
1,376 |
$ |
917 |
$ |
455 |
$ |
4 |
|||||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
$ |
1,562 |
$ |
1,171 |
$ |
391 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
1,424 |
$ |
500 |
$ |
908 |
$ |
16 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
$ |
1,825 |
$ |
674 |
$ |
1,148 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
5,463 |
$ |
2,185 |
$ |
3,270 |
$ |
8 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor
Allocation Fund |
$ |
2,266 |
$ |
2,266 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
5,466 |
$ |
3,953 |
$ |
1,513 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Global Managed
Volatility Fund |
$ |
14,785 |
$ |
9,685 |
$ |
5,100 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
1,310 |
$ |
671 |
$ |
629 |
$ |
10 |
|||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
43,292 |
$ |
23,614 |
$ |
19,562 |
$ |
116 |
|||||||||||
Screened World
Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
916 |
$ |
613 |
$ |
303 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets
Equity Fund |
$ |
10,510 |
$ |
5,105 |
$ |
5,405 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
$ |
2,569 |
$ |
1,282 |
$ |
1,287 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
$ |
23,292 |
$ |
15,528 |
$ |
7,546 |
$ |
218 |
|||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ |
9,841 |
$ |
4,593 |
$ |
5,248 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
$ |
1,894 |
$ |
1,136 |
$ |
758 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
8,551 |
$ |
5,032 |
$ |
3,519 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Ultra Short
Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
595 |
$ |
199 |
$ |
396 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
$ |
15,638 |
$ |
8,831 |
$ |
6,799 |
$ |
8 |
|||||||||||
Real Return Fund |
$ |
658 |
$ |
658 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
4,294 |
$ |
2,748 |
$ |
1,473 |
$ |
73 |
|||||||||||
Intermediate
Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
9,149 |
$ |
4,392 |
$ |
4,741 |
$ |
16 |
S-81
Fund Name—Class A Shares |
Contractual Advisory Fees (000) |
Advisory Fees
Waived (000) |
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid (000) |
Advisory Fees
Retained by SIMC (000) |
|||||||||||||||
Dynamic Asset
Allocation Fund |
$ |
10,532 |
$ |
9,627 |
$ |
837 |
$ |
68 |
|||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
$ |
4,247 |
$ |
2,780 |
$ |
1,431 |
* |
$ |
36 |
* Includes sub-advisory fees paid by SIMC to Sub-Advisers of the Subsidiary. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023, aggregate sub-advisory fees paid to Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund excluding the Subsidiary were $819,000.
For the fiscal year ended May, 31, 2022:
Fund Name—Class A Shares |
Contractual
Advisory Fees (000) |
Advisory Fees
Waived (000) |
Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid (000) |
Advisory Fees
Retained by SIMC (000) |
|||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
3,958 |
$ |
2,375 |
$ |
1,583 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap
Disciplined Equity Fund |
$ |
6,337 |
$ |
3,879 |
$ |
2,424 |
$ |
34 |
|||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
$ |
1,110 |
$ |
888 |
$ |
221 |
$ |
1 |
|||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
$ |
1,750 |
$ |
1,167 |
$ |
578 |
$ |
5 |
|||||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
$ |
1,992 |
$ |
1,494 |
$ |
498 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
1,704 |
$ |
593 |
$ |
1,105 |
$ |
6 |
|||||||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
$ |
2,739 |
$ |
1,011 |
$ |
1,725 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
6,803 |
$ |
2,642 |
$ |
4,100 |
$ |
61 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor
Allocation Fund |
$ |
2,538 |
$ |
2,538 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
6,557 |
$ |
4,741 |
$ |
1,816 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Global Managed
Volatility Fund |
$ |
16,618 |
$ |
10,760 |
$ |
5,765 |
$ |
93 |
|||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
1,723 |
$ |
838 |
$ |
865 |
$ |
20 |
|||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
53,760 |
$ |
29,324 |
$ |
24,237 |
$ |
199 |
|||||||||||
Screened World
Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
884 |
$ |
591 |
$ |
290 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets
Equity Fund |
$ |
13,068 |
$ |
6,538 |
$ |
6,530 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
$ |
3,524 |
$ |
1,850 |
$ |
1,674 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
$ |
27,343 |
$ |
18,229 |
$ |
8,772 |
$ |
342 |
|||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ |
13,117 |
$ |
6,098 |
$ |
7,019 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
$ |
3,237 |
$ |
1,942 |
$ |
1,295 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
11,361 |
$ |
6,817 |
$ |
4,544 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Ultra Short
Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
964 |
$ |
321 |
$ |
624 |
$ |
19 |
|||||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
$ |
19,001 |
$ |
10,865 |
$ |
8,136 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Real Return Fund |
$ |
690 |
$ |
690 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
4,006 |
$ |
2,564 |
$ |
1,375 |
$ |
67 |
|||||||||||
Intermediate
Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
10,023 |
$ |
4,811 |
$ |
5,172 |
$ |
40 |
|||||||||||
Dynamic Asset
Allocation Fund |
$ |
12,604 |
$ |
11,344 |
$ |
1,257 |
$ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
$ |
4,245 |
$ |
2,778 |
$ |
1,457 |
* |
$ |
10 |
* Includes sub-advisory fees paid by SIMC to Sub-Advisers of the Subsidiary. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022, aggregate sub-advisory fees paid to Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund excluding the Subsidiary were $808,870.
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For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, the following table shows: (i) the dollar amount of fees paid by SIMC to LSV, which is an affiliate of SIMC, and (ii) the dollar amount of LSV's voluntary fee waivers.
Fees Paid (000) |
Fees Waived (000) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
277 |
$ |
191 |
$ |
208 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
379 |
$ |
289 |
$ |
309 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
1,061 |
$ |
865 |
$ |
919 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
1,428 |
$ |
1,125 |
$ |
934 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
3,362 |
$ |
2,656 |
$ |
2,258 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
78 |
$ |
45 |
$ |
33 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
The Sub-Advisers.
ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC—Acadian Asset Management LLC ("Acadian") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. Acadian was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of BrightSphere Affiliate Holdings LLC, which is an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of BrightSphere Investment Group Inc, a publicly listed company on the NYSE.
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.—AllianceBernstein L.P. ("AllianceBernstein") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. As of June 30, 2024, Equitable Holdings, Inc. ("EQH") owns approximately 3.5% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. ("AB Holding Units"). AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of EQH, "General Partner") is the general partner of both AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. ("AB Holding") and AllianceBernstein. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AllianceBernstein.
As of June 30, 2024, the ownership structure of AllianceBernstein, including limited partnership units outstanding as well as the general partner's 1% interest, is as follows: EQH and its subsidiaries, 59.7%; AB Holding, 39.6%; Unaffiliated holders, 0.7%.
Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and AllianceBernstein, EQH and its subsidiaries had an approximate 61.4% economic interest in AllianceBernstein as of June 30, 2023.
ALLSPRING GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC—Allspring Global Investments, LLC ("Allspring Investments") serves as Sub-Adviser to the U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and Core Fixed Income Funds. Allspring Investments is a Delaware limited liability company and is an SEC registered investment adviser. Allspring Investments is a direct and wholly owned subsidiary of Allspring Global Investments Holdings LLC, a holding company owned by certain private funds of GTCR LLC and of Reverence Capital Partners, L.P.
ARES CAPITAL MANAGEMENT II LLC—Ares Capital Management II LLC ("ACM II") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds. ACM II is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ares Management LLC (Ares) and registered with the SEC. Founded in 1997, Ares is a leading global alternative investment manager offering clients complementary primary and secondary investment solutions across the credit, real estate, private equity, and infrastructure asset classes. Ares'scale and tenure in credit markets define their platform. Ares was built upon the fundamental principle that each group benefits from being part of the broader platform. ACM II is a Delaware limited liability company and its ultimate parent company is Ares Management Corporation, ("Ares Corp"), which is a publicly traded, global alternative investment manager. Its common units are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ARES.
AXIOM INVESTORS LLC—Axiom Investors LLC ("Axiom") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. From its origins in 1998 as an investment adviser specializing in managing international equity portfolios, Axiom has evolved into the global investment firm it is today. Axiom
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manages global, small cap and emerging market equities with a single guiding philosophy and consistent, disciplined investment process. Axiom's experienced, research-focused team has worked together for an average of 20 years in its sole Greenwich, Connecticut office. Axiom's senior leadership has cultivated a culture of excellence, uncompromising effort and responsive service to meet the goals of the institutional investors it serves. As a 100% employee owned firm, Axiom maintains the independence it needs to focus on delivering alpha through its bottom-up, growth-oriented investment discipline.
BENEFIT STREET PARTNERS L.L.C.—Benefit Street Partners L.L.C. ("Benefit Street") serves as sub-adviser to the High Yield Bond Fund. Benefit Street is a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments ("Franklin Templeton"). Importantly, Benefit Street operates all of its Investment Committees independently of Franklin Templeton.
BRANDYWINE GLOBAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC—Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC ("Brandywine Global") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. Brandywine Global, founded in 1986, is a specialist investment manager of Franklin Templeton, retaining complete investment autonomy and control over management, investment, and employment decisions.
BRIGADE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP—Brigade Capital Management, LP ("Brigade") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the High Yield Bond Fund. Brigade is a Delaware limited partnership and an SEC-registered investment adviser, and Donald E. Morgan III is the managing partner of Brigade.
CAUSEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC—Causeway Capital Management LLC ("Causeway") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. Causeway was founded in 2001 and is a Delaware limited liability company, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Causeway Capital Holdings LLC.
COLCHESTER GLOBAL INVESTORS LTD—Colchester Global Investors, Ltd ("Colchester") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. Colchester is majority employee-owned and is controlled by Ian Sims through his controlling ownership of its voting securities. Colchester is minority owned by Silchester Partners Limited, a private firm ("Silchester"). Silchester is controlled by Stephen Butt through his controlling share ownership.
COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC—Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC ("Columbia Management") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. Columbia Management is located at 290 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. ("Ameriprise Financial"). Columbia Management is responsible for the investment management of a portion of the assets of MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. Columbia Management, in turn, has appointed Threadneedle International Limited ("Threadneedle"), to act as a sub-adviser. Columbia Management and Threadneedle work together to determine what securities and other investments should be bought or sold. Threadneedle is located at Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street, London EC4N 6AG, United Kingdom. Threadneedle is a registered investment adviser, an affiliate of Columbia Management, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. Threadneedle was founded in 1994.
COPELAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC—Copeland Capital Management, LLC ("Copeland") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. Copeland was founded in 2005 and is 100% employee owned.
CULLEN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC—Cullen Capital Management LLC ("Cullen") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Fund. Cullen is a registered investment adviser with the SEC and is based in New York, NY.
DELAWARE INVESTMENTS FUND ADVISERS, A SERIES OF MACQUARIE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TRUST—Delaware Investments Fund Advisers ("DIFA"), a series of Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust ("MIMBT"), serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Equity Ex-US Fund. MIMBT, a Delaware statutory trust, is a subsidiary of Macquarie Group Limited ("Macquarie") and a part of Macquarie Asset Management ("MAM"). MAM is the marketing name for certain companies comprising
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the asset management division of Macquarie Group Limited. Macquarie is a Sydney, Australia-headquartered global provider of banking, financial, advisory, investment and funds management services. DIFA is responsible for day-to-day portfolio management of its portion of the Fund but may delegate certain of its duties to its affiliates, Macquarie Investment Management Global Limited ("MIMGL"). MIMGL is located at 1 Elizabeth Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. DIFA and MIMGL are US registered investment advisers and are subsidiaries of Macquarie.
None of the entities noted in is an authorized deposit-taking institution for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959 (Commonwealth of Australia) and the obligations of these entities do not represent deposits or other liabilities of Macquarie Bank Limited ABN 46 008 583 542 (Macquarie Bank). Macquarie Bank does not guarantee or otherwise provide assurance in respect of the obligations of these entities. In addition, if this document relates to an investment (a) each investor is subject to investment risk including possible delays in repayment and loss of income and principal invested and (b) none of Macquarie Bank or any other Macquarie Group company guarantees any particular rate of return on or the performance of the investment, nor do they guarantee repayment of capital in respect of the investment.
EAM INVESTORS, LLC—EAM Investors, LLC ("EAM Investors"), located at 215 Highway 101, Suite 216, Solana Beach, California, serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds. EAM Investors was founded as a California Limited Liability Company in 2007. EAM Investors employees own 47% of EAM Investors. Byron C. Roth, through his majority ownership of CR Financial Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary WACO Limited, LLC, indirectly owns a 53% interest in the firm.
EASTERLY INVESTMENT PARTNERS LLC—Easterly Investment Partners LLC ("EIP") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap II Fund. EIP is a Delaware limited liability company founded in 2019, but with roots dating back to 1982.
FRANKLIN ADVISERS, INC.—Franklin Advisers, Inc. ("FAV") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. FAV is a California corporation with its principal offices at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403-1906. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (referred to as "Franklin Templeton"). Franklin Templeton managed approximately $1,431.5 billion in assets worldwide as of June 30, 2023.
FRED ALGER MANAGEMENT, LLC—Fred Alger Management, LLC ("Alger") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Fund. Alger has been in the business of providing investment advisory services since 1964 and as of June 30, 2024 had approximately $25.8 billion in assets under management. Alger is directly owned by Alger Group Holdings, LLC ("AGH"), a financial services holding company. AGH and Alger are indirectly controlled by Hilary M. Alger, Nicole D. Alger and Alexandra D. Alger, who own approximately 99% of the voting rights of Alger Associates, Inc., the parent company of AGH.
GENEVA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC—Geneva Capital Management LLC ("Geneva") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. Geneva has furnished investment advisory services to clients since January 1987. As of June 30, 2024, Geneva managed approximately $5.9 billion of client assets on a discretionary basis.
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC—Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC ("GMO") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. GMO was founded in 1977 and furnishes investment advisory services, predominantly to institutional clients. GMO is a Massachusetts limited liability company that is controlled by active employee-members. As of June 30, 2024, GMO managed on a worldwide basis approximately $66 billion in assets.
INCOME RESEARCH + MANAGEMENT—Income Research + Management ("IR+M") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. IR+M is a Delaware Corporation founded in 1987. IR+M was incorporated as Income Research & Management, Inc. from inception through December 2003. In December 2003, Income Research + Management, Inc. merged into IR&M Holdings LLC, and IR&M Holdings LLC merged into IR&M Holdings Business Trust. In January 2004,
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IR&M Holdings Business Trust changed its name to Income Research + Management. IR+M has been 100% privately owned since its inception in 1987 and remains so today.
JACKSON CREEK INVESTMENT ADVISORS LLC—Jackson Creek Investment Advisors LLC ("Jackson Creek") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. Founded in 2020, Jackson Creek is an SEC registered investment adviser and provides investment advice to institutions and high-net-worth investors.
JENNISON ASSOCIATES LLC—Jennison Associates LLC ("Jennison") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration and Long Duration Credit Funds. Jennison (including its predecessor, Jennison Associates Capital Corp.) is a registered investment adviser founded in 1969. Jennison, a Delaware limited liability company, is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of PGIM, Inc. (formerly Prudential Investment Management, Inc.), which is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of PGIM Holding Company LLC (formerly Prudential Asset Management Holding Company LLC), which is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc.
JOHCM (USA) Inc.—JOHCM (USA) Inc. ("JOHCM") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. JOHCM, a Delaware corporation, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Perpetual Limited ("Perpetual"). JOHCM may engage with certain affiliates, (together with JOHCM, the "JOHCM Group") to perform certain activities and services related to the management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
J.P. MORGAN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC.—J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. ("JPMIM") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the High Yield Bond Fund. JPMIM is a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co ("JPMorgan").
JUPITER ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED—Jupiter Asset Management Limited ("Jupiter") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. Founded over 35 years ago in 1985, Jupiter's principal activity has been, and remains, investment management. In 2010, Jupiter Fund Management ("JFM") plc was listed on the London Stock Exchange as a FTSE 250 business.
LAZARD ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC—Lazard Asset Management LLC ("Lazard") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. Lazard is a Delaware limited liability company. It is a subsidiary of Lazard Frères & Co. LLC, a New York limited liability company with one member, Lazard Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Interests of Lazard Group LLC are held by Lazard, Inc., which is a Delaware corporation with shares that are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
LEEWARD INVESTMENTS, LLC—Leeward Investments, LLC ("Leeward") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap II Fund. Leeward is a manager-managed limited liability company that is 100% employee-owned.
LEGAL & GENERAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AMERICA, INC.—Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. ("LGIM America") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. LGIM America, a Delaware corporation, was established in 2006 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legal & General Investment Management United States (Holdings), Inc., a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of Legal & General Investment Management (Holdings) Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legal & General Group PLC, a publicly-traded company in the United Kingdom.
LOS ANGELES CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC—Los Angeles Capital Management LLC ("Los Angeles Capital") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds. Los Angeles Capital is an SEC registered investment adviser. Los Angeles Capital is a California limited liability company, and is wholly-owned through its parent companies by its employees.
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LSV ASSET MANAGEMENT—LSV Asset Management ("LSV") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. The general partners of LSV developed a quantitative value investment philosophy that has been used to manage assets since 1994. LSV is organized as a Delaware general partnership. An affiliate of SIMC owns an interest in LSV.
MACKENZIE INVESTMENTS CORPORATION—Mackenzie Investments Corporation ("Mackenzie") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. Mackenzie is an SEC registered investment adviser and a Delaware corporation. Mackenzie was founded in 2012 and provides investment advisory services to various types of clients.
MANULIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT (US) LLC—Manulife Investment Management (US) LLC ("Manulife"), formerly known as Declaration Management & Research LLC, serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Opportunistic Income Fund. Manulife is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Manulife, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Manulife Financial Corporation, was organized in 1968 in the state of Delaware and registered with the SEC on August 4, 1992. Manulife Financial Corporation is a publicly-held corporation that trades under the symbol 'MFC' on the NYSE, TSX and PSE, and under '945' on the SEHK.
MAR VISTA INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LLC—Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC ("Mar Vista") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Fund. Mar Vista was founded by Silas Myers, CFA, and Brian Massey, CFA, in November 2007. Mar Vista is controlled by Silas Myers and Brian Massey, each an employee of Mar Vista, with F/m Managers Group, LLC (f/k/a 1251 Asset Management Platform, LLC) holding a non-controlling, minority ownership stake in the firm. Silas Myers and Brian Massey jointly determine the composition of 83.3% of the Mar Vista Board with F/m Managers Group, LLC assigning the remaining. Mar Vista is governed by the Mar Vista Board of Managers.
MARATHON ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.—Marathon Asset Management, L.P. ("Marathon") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. Marathon was formed in 1998 by Bruce Richards (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) and Louis Hanover (Chief Investment Officer). In 2003, Marathon became an SEC-registered investment adviser in the U.S. In 2009, Marathon was one of nine managers selected by the U.S. Treasury to manage assets for the Public Private Investment Program ("PPIP"). In June 2016, Marathon was pleased to announce that Blackstone Strategic Capital Holdings Fund, a vehicle managed by Blackstone Alternative Asset Management, acquired a passive, minority interest in Marathon. Marathon maintains autonomy over its business management, operations, and investment processes.
MARTINGALE ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.—Martingale Asset Management, L.P. ("Martingale") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Small Cap Fund. Martingale is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and is an independent, privately held investment adviser principally owned by its employees. Martingale is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
METLIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC—MetLife Investment Management, LLC ("MIM") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. MIM, a Delaware limited liability company, was founded and registered with the SEC in 2006. MIM is a subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. ("MetLife"), a publicly listed company (NYSE: MET). There are no 25% or greater shareholders of MetLife.
METROPOLITAN WEST ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC—Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC ("MetWest") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Limited Duration Bond Funds. MetWest, founded in 1996, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.
NEUBERGER BERMAN INVESTMENT ADVISERS LLC—Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC ("NBIA" and, together with its affiliates, "Neuberger Berman") serves as Sub-Adviser to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. NBIA is a registered investment adviser and is an indirect subsidiary of Neuberger Berman Group LLC ("NBG"). NBG is a holding company that through its subsidiaries provides a broad range of global asset
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management services. NBG's voting equity is owned by NBSH Acquisition, LLC ("NBSH"). NBSH is owned by current and former employees, directors and consultants and, in certain instances, their permitted transferees.
NINETY ONE UK LTD.—Ninety One UK Ltd. serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. Ninety One UK Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ninety One UK Holdings Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ninety One Global, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ninety One Plc ("Ninety One"). Ninety One is a dual listed company incorporated under the laws of the United Kingdom. Ninety One UK Ltd. is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and is authorized by the UK Financial Conduct Authority. Ninety One is an independent global active asset manager engaged in the business of managing investment portfolios for both institutional and retail investors globally.
PINESTONE ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.—PineStone Asset Management Inc. ("PineStone"), located at 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 1600, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2Y1, serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity Fund. PineStone is a specialist global equity manager founded in 2021 that is 100% employee owned and is a registered investment adviser with the SEC. PineStone is focused exclusively on helping clients achieve their financial goals by investing in what PineStone believes to be high quality companies worldwide. PineStone had approximately USD$52.622 billion in assets under management as of June 30, 2024 and is led by Nadim Rizk, a seasoned portfolio manager with over 25 years of experience.
POPLAR FOREST CAPITAL LLC—Poplar Forest Capital LLC ("Poplar Forest") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity Fund. Poplar Forest is located at 225 South Lake Avenue, Suite 950, Pasadena, California 91101. Poplar Forest is an SEC-registered investment advisory firm formed in 2007. Poplar Forest provides investment management services to institutions, individuals, high net worth individuals, charitable organizations and other pooled investment vehicles.
PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC—Pzena Investment Management, LLC ("Pzena") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Equity Ex-US Fund. Based in New York, New York, Pzena was founded in 1996. The firm is 100% privately owned by its employee members and certain other partners, including former employees.
RHICON CURRENCY MANAGEMENT PTE LTD—Rhicon Currency Management Pte Ltd ("Rhicon") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity Fund. Rhicon is a registered investment adviser based in Singapore. Rhicon was incorporated under the Companies Act of Singapore as a Limited Exempt Private Company on July 18, 2000. Rhicon is principally owned by its founders, Christopher Brandon and Peter Jacobson. Rhicon holds a Capital Markets Services License issued in 2012 by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and is registered as a commodity trading advisor under the United States Commodity Exchange Act. Rhicon is also a member of the United States National Futures Association since February 2008. Rhicon is a technically driven currency focused investment management firm.
ROBECO INSTITUTIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT US INC.—Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc. ("Robeco") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. Robeco has been registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser since 1997. Robeco has been registered as a Delaware corporation since 1997. Robeco has a participating affiliate agreement in place with its Rotterdam, the Netherlands based affiliate, Robeco Institutional Asset Management BV for it to provide asset management services on behalf of Robeco in the US through its portfolio managers.
RWC ASSET ADVISORS (US) LLC—RWC Asset Advisors (US) LLC ("RWC") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. RWC is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2012. RWC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of RWC Partners Limited, a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales under no. 03517631.
SSGA FUNDS MANAGEMENT, INC.—SSGA Funds Management, Inc. ("SSGA FM") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds. SSGA FM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation ("State Street"), a publicly held financial holding company.
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SSGA FM and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors ("SSGA"), the investment management arm of State Street.
TOWLE & CO—Towle & Co ("Towle") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the World Select Equity Fund. Formed in 1981, Towle is an independent, privately owned asset manager registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act"). Towle executes a fundamental, investment discipline that emphasizes the purchase of companies believed to be substantially undervalued relative to their private market worth and normalized earnings power. Towle's bottom-up selection process strives to identify and invest in out-of-favor companies with significant appreciation potential over the long-term. Paramount to this endeavor is a contrarian and independent viewpoint. No attempt is made to manage against the composition of a benchmark. While Towle's value approach may include large capitalization stocks, the search for absolute value usually leads to equities with smaller market capitalizations.
T. ROWE PRICE ASSOCIATES, INC.—T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the High Yield Bond Fund. T. Rowe Price, a wholly-owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price Group"), a publicly-traded financial services holding company, has been managing assets since 1937. As of June 30, 2024, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates had approximately $1.64 trillion in assets under management.
UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT (AMERICAS) LLC—UBS Asset Management (Americas) LLC ("UBS AM LLC") serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. UBS AM LLC is a New York-based registered investment adviser of UBS Asset Management ("UBS AM"). UBS AM is a global asset manager that focuses on Alternative Investments and Traditional Investments.
WCM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC—WCM Investment Management, LLC ("WCM"), located at 281 Brooks Street, Laguna Beach, CA 92651, serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. WCM is an independent asset management firm and was founded in 1976.
WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLP—Wellington Management Company LLP ("Wellington Management"), a Delaware limited liability partnership with principal offices at 280 Congress Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, serves as a Sub-Adviser to a portion of the assets of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds. Wellington Management is a professional investment counseling firm which provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 90 years. Wellington Management is owned by the partners of Wellington Management Group LLP, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership.
Portfolio Management.
SIMC
Compensation. SIMC compensates each portfolio manager for his or her management of the Funds. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of a fixed annual salary, plus a discretionary annual bonus determined generally as follows.
Portfolio manager compensation is a combination of both Fund performance and SEI Investments Company ("SEI") performance. A majority of each portfolio manager's compensation is determined by the performance of the Funds for which the portfolio manager is responsible for over both a short-term and long-term time horizon. A final factor is a discretionary component, which is based upon a qualitative review of the portfolio managers and their team.
With respect to the bonus, twenty percent of each portfolio manager's compensation is tied to the corporate performance of SEI (SIMC's ultimate parent company), as measured by the earnings per share earned for a particular year. This percentage is set at the discretion of SEI and not SIMC.
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The remaining percentage is based upon each Fund's performance (pre-tax) versus its respective benchmark over a one and three year period.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of May 31, 2024, the portfolio managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds they manage, as follows:
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares |
||||||
David S. Aniloff |
None |
||||||
James Smigiel |
None |
||||||
Timothy J. Sauermelch, CFA |
None |
||||||
Eugene Barbaneagra, CFA |
None |
||||||
James Solloway, CFA |
None |
||||||
Richard A. Bamford |
None |
||||||
Rich Carr, CFA |
None |
||||||
Michael Schafer |
None |
||||||
Steven Treftz, CFA |
None |
||||||
David L. Hintz, CFA |
None |
||||||
Hardeep Khangura, CFA |
None |
||||||
Jason Collins |
None |
||||||
Anthony Karaminas, CFA |
None |
||||||
Philip Terrenzio, CFA |
None |
||||||
Nilay Shah |
None |
||||||
John Csaszar, CFA |
None |
||||||
Cory Furlong, CFA |
None |
||||||
Ryan McKeon, CFA |
None |
||||||
David Zhang, CFA |
None |
||||||
Ryan Weatherholtz |
None |
Other Accounts. As of May 31, 2024, in addition to the Funds, the portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
David S. Aniloff |
1 |
$ |
1,127.94 |
3 |
$ |
1,163.12 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
James Smigiel |
1 |
$ |
817.14 |
43 |
$ |
5,959.94 |
40 |
$ |
4,172.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Timothy J. Sauermelch, CFA |
3 |
$ |
2,526.31 |
1 |
$ |
702.78 |
6 |
$ |
4,983.51 |
||||||||||||||||||
Eugene Barbaneagra, CFA |
17 |
$ |
16,462.37 |
6 |
$ |
4,105.87 |
6 |
$ |
238.23 |
||||||||||||||||||
James Solloway, CFA |
1 |
$ |
817.14 |
1 |
$ |
702.78 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Richard A. Bamford |
22 |
$ |
20,703.32 |
1 |
$ |
284.29 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Rich Carr, CFA |
2 |
$ |
5,462.61 |
2 |
$ |
1,040.77 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Michael Schafer |
1 |
$ |
1,127.94 |
3 |
$ |
1,163.11 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Steven Treftz, CFA |
5 |
$ |
3,801.73 |
2 |
$ |
1,401.31 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
David L. Hintz, CFA |
20 |
$ |
17,307.68 |
7 |
$ |
2,702.80 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Hardeep Khangura, CFA |
1 |
$ |
1,050.75 |
7 |
$ |
2,969.22 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jason Collins |
22 |
$ |
22,770.29 |
11 |
$ |
4,296.52 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Anthony Karaminas, CFA |
29 |
$ |
26,299.88 |
1 |
$ |
6.18 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Philip Terrenzio, CFA |
9 |
$ |
12,345.74 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Nilay Shah |
3 |
$ |
4,107.89 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
John Csaszar, CFA |
4 |
$ |
2,560.77 |
7 |
$ |
2,654.12 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Cory Furlong, CFA |
6 |
$ |
2,262.73 |
2 |
$ |
1,049.48 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ryan McKeon, CFA |
6 |
$ |
10,871.22 |
1 |
$ |
782.48 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
David Zhang, CFA |
1 |
$ |
1,555.38 |
2 |
$ |
1,040.77 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ryan Weatherholtz |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
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No account listed above is subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers' management of registered investment companies other pooled investment vehicles or other accounts may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest in connection with their day-to-day management of the Funds' investments. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Funds.
While the portfolio managers' management of the other accounts may give rise to the following potential conflicts of interest, SIMC does not believe that the conflicts, if any, are material or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, SIMC believes that it has designed policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to manage such conflicts in an appropriate way.
Knowledge of the Timing and Size of Fund Trades. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers' day-to-day management of the Funds. Because of their positions with the Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of the other accounts and to the possible detriment of the Funds. However, SIMC has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.
Investment Opportunities. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers' management of the Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow them to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors the other accounts over the Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that SIMC or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Funds. Notwithstanding this theoretical conflict of interest, it is SIMC's policy to manage each account based on its investment objectives and related restrictions and, as discussed above, SIMC has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time and in a manner consistent with each account's investment objectives and related restrictions. For example, while the portfolio managers may buy for other accounts securities that differ in identity or quantity from securities bought for the Funds, such an approach might not be suitable for the Funds given their investment objectives and related restrictions.
Acadian
Compensation. SIMC pays Acadian a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Acadian and SIMC. Acadian pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Compensation structure varies among professionals, although the basic package involves a generous base salary, strong bonus potential, profit sharing participation, various benefits, and, among the majority of senior investment professionals and certain other key employees, equity interest in the firm as part of the Acadian Key Employee Limited Partnership.
Compensation is highly incentive-driven, with Acadian often paying in excess of 100% of base pay for performance bonuses. Bonuses are tied directly to the individual's contribution and performance during the year, with members of the investment team evaluated on such factors as their contributions to the investment process, account retention, asset growth, and overall firm performance. Since portfolio management in our equity strategies is a team approach, investment team members' compensation is not linked to the performance of specific accounts but rather to the individual's overall contribution to the success of the team and the firm's profitability. This helps to ensure an "even playing field" as investment team members are strongly incentivized to strive for the best possible portfolio performance for all clients rather than only for select accounts.
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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Acadian's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, Acadian's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Brendan O. Bradley |
11 |
$ |
5,850 |
83 |
$ |
31,252 |
198 |
$ |
71,504 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
10 |
* |
$ |
3,072 |
22 |
* |
$ |
10,487 |
|||||||||||||||||
Fanesca Young |
11 |
$ |
5,850 |
83 |
$ |
31,252 |
198 |
$ |
71,504 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
10 |
* |
$ |
3,072 |
22 |
* |
$ |
10,487 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
For all core equity products offered by the firm, including the subject strategy, Acadian manages a single process that is custom-tailored to the objectives of its clients. The investment professionals shown above function as part of an equity team of 24 portfolio managers, all of whom are responsible for working with the dedicated research team to develop and apply quantitative techniques to evaluate securities and markets and for final quality-control review of portfolios to ensure mandate compliance. The data shown for these managers reflect firm-level numbers of accounts and assets under management, segregated by investment vehicle type. Not reflected: 14 accounts representing $1,350 million in model advisory contracts where Acadian does not have trading authority.
Acadian has been appointed as adviser or sub-adviser to numerous public and private funds domiciled in the U.S. and abroad. Acadian is not an investment company and does not directly offer mutual funds. The asset data shown under "Registered Investment Companies" reflects Advisory and sub-advisory relationships with U.S. registered investment companies offering funds to retail investors. The asset data shown under "Other Pooled Investment Vehicles" reflects a combination of; 1) Delaware-based private funds where Acadian has been appointed adviser or sub-adviser and 2) Non-U.S.-based funds where Acadian has been appointed adviser or sub-adviser.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, these accounts may include other mutual funds managed on an advisory or sub-advisory basis, separate accounts and collective trust accounts. An investment opportunity may be suitable for the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds as well as for any of the other managed accounts. However, the investment may not be available in sufficient quantity for all of the accounts to participate fully. In addition, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and the other accounts. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, may track the same benchmarks or indexes as the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds track and may sell securities that are eligible to be held, sold or purchased by the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. A portfolio manager may be responsible for accounts that have different advisory fee schedules, which may create the incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another in terms of access to investment opportunities. A portfolio manager may also manage accounts whose investment objectives and policies differ from those of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, which may cause the
S-92
portfolio manager to effect trading in one account that may have an adverse effect on the value of the holdings within another account, including the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Global Managed Volatility, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Acadian has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of its clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, trade allocation and trade aggregation policies, portfolio manager assignment practices and oversight by investment management and the Compliance team.
AllianceBernstein
Compensation. Compensation for AllianceBernstein's investment professionals—portfolio managers, analysts, and traders—is designed to align with AllianceBernstein's mission and values: generating better investment outcomes for its clients while promoting responsibility and stewardship.
Incentive Compensation Significant Component: Portfolio managers, analysts and traders receive base compensation, incentive compensation and retirement contributions. While both overall compensation levels and the splits between base and incentive compensation vary from year to year, incentive compensation is a significant part of overall compensation. For example, for AllianceBernstein's portfolio managers, the bonus component averages approximately 60-80% of their total compensation each year. Part of each professional's annual incentive compensation is normally paid through an award under the firm's Incentive Compensation Award Plan (ICAP). The ICAP awards vest over a three-year period. The firm believes this helps its investment professionals focus appropriately on long-term client objectives and results.
Determined by Both Quantitative and Qualitative Factors: Total compensation for AllianceBernstein's investment professionals is determined by both quantitative and qualitative factors. For portfolio managers, the most significant quantitative component focuses on measures of absolute and relative investment performance in client portfolios. Relative returns are evaluated using both the Strategy's primary benchmark and peers over one-, three- and five-year periods, with more weight given to longer time periods. The firm also assesses the risk pattern of performance, both absolute and relative to peers.
Qualitative Component Includes Responsibility-Related Objectives: The qualitative component of compensation for portfolio managers incorporates the manager's broader contributions to overall investment processes and our clients' success. Because the firm deeply believes as a firm that ESG factors present both investment risks and opportunities, every AllianceBernstein portfolio manager has goals that promote the integration of ESG and sustainability in our investment processes. The exact goals will vary depending on the individual's role and responsibilities, but typical goals for portfolio managers include discussion of ESG or sustainability risks and opportunities at research reviews and the integration of these factors in portfolio decision making.
Other aspects of qualitative objectives for AllianceBernstein's portfolio managers include thought leadership, collaboration with other investment professionals at the firm, contributions to risk-adjusted returns in other portfolios, building a strong, diverse, and inclusive talent pool, mentoring newer investment professionals, being a good corporate citizen, and the achievement of personal goals. The qualitative portion is determined by individual goals set at the beginning of the year, with measurement and feedback on how those goals are being achieved provided at regular intervals. Other factors that can play a part in determining portfolio managers' compensation include complexity of investment strategies managed.
Research Analysts: At AllianceBernstein, research professionals have compensation and career opportunities that reflect a stature equivalent to their portfolio manager peers. Compensation for AllianceBernstein's research analysts is also heavily incentive-based and aligned with results generated for client portfolios. Criteria used include how well the analyst's research recommendations performed, the breadth and depth of his or her research knowledge, the level of attentiveness to forecasts and market movements, and the analyst's willingness to collaborate and contribute to the overall intellectual capital of the firm.
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Responsibility-Related Objectives for our Research Analysts: Like AllianceBernstein's portfolio managers, its fundamental research analysts also have goals related to ESG analysis and integration. For AllianceBernstein's analysts, these typically focus on providing assessments of ESG and sustainability factors in their research and recommendations, engaging with issuers for insight and action on ESG and sustainability topics, and documenting these engagements in our ESIGHT platform.
Traders: Traders are critically important to generating results in client accounts. As such, compensation for AllianceBernstein's traders is highly competitive and heavily incentive-based. The firm's portfolio managers and Heads of Trading evaluate traders on their ability to achieve best execution and add value to client portfolios through trading. The firm also incentivizes its fixed income traders to continually innovate for clients, encouraging them to continue developing and refining new trading technologies to enable AllianceBernstein to effectively address liquidity conditions in the fixed income markets for its clients.
Assessments of all investment professionals are formalized in a year-end review process that includes 360-degree feedback from other professionals from across the investment teams and firm. AllianceBernstein has designed its compensation program to attract and retain the highest-caliber employees while aligning with the firm's deeply held values of responsibility and stewardship. AllianceBernstein incorporates multiple sources of industry benchmarking data to ensure its compensation is highly competitive and fully reflects each individual's contributions in achieving client objectives.
Contributions under AllianceBernstein's Profit Sharing/401(k) Plan: The contributions are based on AllianceBernstein's overall profitability. The amount and allocation of the contributions are determined at the sole discretion of AllianceBernstein.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, AllianceBernstein's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, AllianceBernstein's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mike Canter, PhD |
21 |
$ |
9,387 |
23 |
$ |
2,714 |
225 |
$ |
3,686 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
557 |
||||||||||||||||||
Michael Rosborough |
35 |
$ |
17,977 |
83 |
$ |
2,934 |
261 |
$ |
16,927 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
281 |
||||||||||||||||||
Serena Zhou |
21 |
$ |
9,287 |
18 |
$ |
353 |
224 |
$ |
3,410 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
281 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. As an investment adviser and fiduciary, AllianceBernstein owes its investment advisory client's duty of loyalty. AllianceBernstein recognizes that conflicts of interest are inherent in its business and accordingly has developed policies and procedures (including oversight monitoring) reasonably designed to detect, manage and mitigate the effects of actual or potential conflicts of interest in the area of employee personal trading, managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, and allocating investment opportunities. Investment professionals, including portfolio managers and research analysts, are subject to the above-mentioned policies and oversight monitoring to ensure that all clients are treated equitably. AllianceBernstein places the interests of its clients first and expects all of its employees to meet their fiduciary duties.
Approach to Handling Conflicts of Interest: When acting as a fiduciary, AllianceBernstein owes its investment advisory clients a duty of loyalty. This includes the duty to address—or at least disclose—conflicts of interest which may exist between different clients, between the firm and clients, or between our employees and clients. Where potential conflicts arise from its fiduciary activities, the firm takes steps to mitigate, or at
S-94
least disclose, them. Where AllianceBernstein's activities do not involve fiduciary obligations—such as the level of client servicing we offer through each client channel—the firm reserves the right to act in accordance with our business judgment. Conflicts arising from fiduciary activities that the firm cannot avoid (or choose not to avoid) are mitigated through written policies that AllianceBernstein believes protect the interests of its clients as a whole. In these cases—which include issues such as personal trading and client entertainment—regulators have generally prescribed detailed rules or principles for investment firms to follow. By complying with these rules and using robust compliance practices, the firm believes it addresses these conflicts appropriately. Some potential conflicts are outside the scope of compliance monitoring. Identifying these conflicts requires careful and continuing consideration of the interaction of different products, business lines, operational processes and incentive structures. These interactions are not static; changes in the firm's activities can lead to new potential conflicts. Potential conflicts may also arise from new products or services, operational changes, new reporting lines and market developments.
Conflicts Committee: To assist in this area, AllianceBernstein has appointed a Conflicts Committee, which is chaired by the firm's Conflicts Officer. The Committee is comprised of compliance directors, firm counsel and experienced business leaders, who review areas of change and assess the adequacy of controls. The work of the Conflicts Committee is overseen by the firm's Code of Ethics Oversight Committee.
Written Policies and Procedures: AllianceBernstein has an "Approach to Potential Conflicts" disclosure which summarizes the firm's conflicts management plan. It is meant to provide employees, clients, and prospective clients with a summary description of the conflicts and potential conflicts the firm may encounter, and outlines the policies and procedures the firm maintains for managing those conflicts. For a more detailed account of the conflicts and the approaches to handling those conflicts please refer to AllianceBernstein Form ADV Part 2A ("the ADV"). Both our ADV and our Code of Ethics are available at www.alliancebernstein.com.
Employee Personal Trading: AllianceBernstein has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other personnel of AllianceBernstein own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by, or bought or sold for, clients. Personal securities transactions by an employee may raise a potential conflict of interest when an employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client. Subject to the reporting requirements and other limitations of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, AllianceBernstein permits its employees to engage in personal securities transactions, and also allows them to acquire investments in the AllianceBernstein Mutual Funds. AllianceBernstein's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires disclosure of all personal accounts and maintenance of brokerage accounts with designated broker-dealers approved by AllianceBernstein. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also requires preclearance of all securities transactions (except transactions in U.S. Treasuries and open-end mutual funds) and imposes a 60-day holding period for securities purchased by employees to discourage short-term trading. Employees must confirm annually that they have disclosed any potential conflicts of interest and that they are in compliance with the requirements associated with the firm's Policy and Procedures.
Personal securities transactions by an employee of an investment adviser may raise a potential conflict of interest when that employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client. AB's Code of Ethics includes rules that are designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other employees own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by or bought or sold for clients. The Code generally discourages employees from engaging in personal trading in individual securities. Before an employee can engage in a personal securities trade, the Code requires that he or she obtain preclearance from our Compliance Department. Employee investments in AB Mutual Funds are subject to preclearance, but investments in other open-ended mutual funds and certain ETFs are exempt from preclearance. Securities purchased by employees must be held for at least 60 days. An employee is allowed to conduct up to twenty (20) securities trades each month. The Code requires US employees to maintain accounts at certain designated brokerage firms and requires that all employee personal accounts be disclosed to the firm. Subject to reporting and certain controls, we allow our employees to hire discretionary investment advisers to manage their personal accounts. The Code's personal
S-95
trading procedures are administered by the firm's Legal and Compliance Department. The firm has established a Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, which is responsible for reviewing exceptions to and violations of the Code, as well as establishing new or amending rules as necessary. The members of that Committee are some of AB's most senior personnel.
Managing Multiple Accounts for Multiple Clients: AllianceBernstein has compliance policies and oversight monitoring in place to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts for multiple clients. Conflicts of interest may arise when an investment professional has responsibilities for the investments of more than one account because the investment professional may be unable to devote equal time and attention to each account. The investment professional or investment professional teams for each client may have responsibilities for managing all or a portion of the investments of multiple accounts with a common investment strategy, including other registered investment companies, unregistered investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, pension plans, separate accounts, collective trusts and charitable foundations. Among other things, AllianceBernstein's policies and procedures provide for the prompt dissemination to investment professionals of initial or changed investment recommendations by analysts so that investment professionals are better able to develop investment strategies for all accounts they manage. In addition, investment decisions by investment professionals are reviewed for the purpose of maintaining uniformity among similar accounts and ensuring that accounts are treated equitably. Investment professional compensation reflects a broad contribution in multiple dimensions to long-term investment success for our clients and is generally not tied specifically to the performance of any particular client's account, nor is it generally tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Allocating Investment Opportunities: The investment professionals at AllianceBernstein routinely are required to select and allocate investment opportunities among accounts. AllianceBernstein has policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that information relevant to investment decisions is disseminated promptly within its portfolio management teams and investment opportunities are allocated equitably among different clients. AllianceBernstein's policies and procedures require, among other things, objective allocation for limited investment opportunities (e.g., on a rotational basis) and documentation and review of justifications for any decisions to make investments only for select accounts or in a manner disproportionate to the size of the account. Portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar accounts which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. Nevertheless, access to portfolio funds or other investment opportunities may be allocated differently among accounts due to the particular characteristics of an account, such as size of the account, cash position, tax status, risk tolerance and investment restrictions or for other reasons.
AllianceBernstein's procedures are also designed to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise when AllianceBernstein has a particular financial incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, relating to an account. An investment professional may perceive that he or she has an incentive to devote more time to developing and analyzing investment strategies and opportunities or allocating securities preferentially to accounts for which AllianceBernstein could share in investment gains.
ACM II
Compensation. SIMC pays ACM II a fee based on the assets under management of the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between ACM II and SIMC. ACM II pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Similar to certain other stockholders of Ares Corp, Mr. Brufsky receives dividends that are distributed quarterly. Mr. Mathewson's, Ms. Milner's, Mr. Almeida's and Mr. Singh's performance is reviewed by Mr. Brufsky and other members of management, and their compensation, as well as that of other investment professionals,
S-96
is determined pursuant to an annual review and is based on business and fund performance in addition to individual contributions.
Generally, compensation is determined by ACM II's executive leadership, with recommendations made by the head of each applicable business unit. Investment professionals receive a base salary and are eligible for a discretionary year-end bonus based on performance. Subject to a minimum compensation threshold, a portion of year-end bonus may be paid in the form of shares of Class A Common Stock of our publicly traded parent, Ares Corp which vests over time and is intended as a retention mechanism for portfolio managers, investment professionals and other senior professionals of the firm.
Additionally, and where applicable, portfolio managers and senior investment professionals as well as other senior professionals are awarded direct carried interest and/or profit participations with respect to funds in which they are involved and may also receive similar incentive awards relating to the funds in the firm's other investment groups. This both aligns the compensation of key employees with investment performance and rewards the collaboration of senior professionals across business platforms.
Professionals receive year-end annual reviews. For the research team, this will focus primarily on security analysis and communication, including the quality and number of investment recommendations made, the efficacy and accuracy of investment monitoring, and the contributions made to the strategy and relative value assessments prepared internally. In addition to the annual review, we also conduct mid-year performance reviews that are less formal and serve to evaluate progress against goals and specific action steps identified in the annual assessment.
For more detail on Ares' compensation philosophy and its elements of compensation, please refer to the "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" section of the firm's annual proxy as filed with the SEC, which also includes specific details on compensation for the firm's Named Executive Officers.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, ACM II's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds, ACM's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles* |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Ares Capital
Management II LLC Team (Seth Brufsky, Chris Mathewson, Samantha Milner, Russell Almeida and Kapil Singh) |
7 |
$ |
3,393 |
6 |
$ |
2,484 |
79 |
$ |
33,719 |
† ACM II utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
* These accounts include 51 accounts, mostly comprised of collateralized loan obligation structures, subject to a performance-based advisory fee. As of June 30, 2024, the total assets in such accounts was $25,393 million.
Conflicts of Interest. The management of other accounts by ACM II's portfolio managers may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. Other accounts advised by the Sub-Adviser might have similar investment objectives as the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds or hold, purchase or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds. ACM II does not believe that these conflicts, if any, are material
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or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, ACM II believes that it has designed policies and procedures to manage those conflicts in an appropriate way.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of ACM II's portfolio managers' day-to-day management of the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds. Because of their positions with the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Fund trades. It is possible that ACM II's portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds. However, ACM II has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of ACM II's portfolio managers' management of the Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow them to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that ACM II or its portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (many of which receive a base and incentive fee) than from the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds. Notwithstanding this potential conflict of interest, it is ACM II's policy to manage each account based on its investment objectives and related restrictions and, as discussed above, ACM II has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time and in a manner consistent with each account's investment objectives and related restrictions. For example, while ACM II's portfolio managers may buy for other accounts securities that differ in identity or quantity from securities bought for the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds, such securities might not be suitable for the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds given their investment objectives and related restrictions.
By reason of the various activities of the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates, the Sub-Adviser and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.
It is likely that the other advised funds may make investments in the same or similar securities at different times and on different terms than the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds. The Opportunistic Income and High Yield Bond Funds and the other advised funds may make investments at different levels of a borrower's capital structure or otherwise in different classes of a borrower's securities, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Such investments may inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities that may be held by such entities. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds may benefit the other advised funds. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more advised funds, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more advised funds.
Applicable law, including the 1940 Act, may at times prevent the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds from being able to participate in investments that they otherwise would participate in, and may require the Opportunistic Income or High Yield Bond Funds to dispose of investments at a time when they otherwise would not dispose of such investment, in each case, in order to comply with applicable law.
ACM II has adopted a Code of Ethics (the "Code") that sets forth standards of business and fiduciary conduct. The Code is reasonably designed to minimize actual or potential conflicts of interest between ACM II and its clients and prevent violation of federal securities laws.
Allspring Investments
Compensation. SIMC pays Allspring Investments a fee based on the assets under management of the U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and Core Fixed Income Funds as set forth in an investment
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sub-advisory agreement between Allspring Investments and SIMC. Allspring Investments pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and Core Fixed Income Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The compensation structure for Allspring Investment's portfolio managers includes a competitive fixed base salary plus variable incentives, payable annually and over a deferred period. Allspring Investments participates in third party investment management compensation surveys for market-based compensation information to help support individual pay decisions and to ensure our compensation is aligned with the marketplace. In addition to surveys, Allspring Investments also considers prior professional experience, tenure, seniority and a portfolio manager's team size, scope and assets under management when determining his/her total compensation. In addition, portfolio managers, who meet the eligibility requirements, may participate in Allspring Investments' 401(k) plan that features a limited matching contribution. Eligibility for and participation in this plan is on the same basis for all employees.
Allspring Investment's investment incentive program plays an important role in aligning the interests of our portfolio managers, investment team members, clients and shareholders. Incentive awards for portfolio managers are determined based on a review of relative investment and business/team performance. Investment performance is generally evaluated for 1, 3, and 5- year performance results, with a predominant weighting on the 3- and 5- year time periods, versus the relevant benchmarks and/or peer groups consistent with the investment style. Once determined, incentives are awarded to portfolio managers annually, with a portion awarded as annual cash and a portion awarded as long term incentive. The long-term portion of incentives generally carry a pro-rated vesting schedule over a three-year period. For many of our portfolio managers, Allspring Investments further requires a portion of their annual long-term award be allocated directly into each strategy they manage through a deferred compensation vehicle. In addition, our investment team members who are eligible for long-term awards also have the opportunity to invest up to 100% of their awards into investment strategies they support (through a deferred compensation vehicle).
As an independent firm, approximately 20% of Allspring Group Holdings LLC (of which Allspring Investments is a subsidiary) is owned by employees, including portfolio managers.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Allspring Investment's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and Core Fixed Income Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and Core Fixed Income Funds, Allspring Investment's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Maulik Bhansali, CFA** |
7 |
$ |
13,965.2 |
5 |
$ |
2,514.85 |
23 |
$ |
12,344.38 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jarad Vasquez** |
7 |
$ |
13,965.2 |
5 |
$ |
2,514.85 |
23 |
$ |
12,344.38 |
||||||||||||||||||
Harindra de Silva,
Ph.D., CFA |
9 |
$ |
1,790.01 |
10 |
$ |
519.05 |
7 |
$ |
1,751.33 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
38.08 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
David Krider, CFA |
4 |
$ |
818.75 |
6 |
$ |
266.66 |
2 |
$ |
718.26 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
38.08 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ryan Brown** |
4 |
$ |
611.62 |
3 |
$ |
212.17 |
4 |
$ |
1,018.58 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
** None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
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Conflicts of Interest. Allspring Investment's portfolio managers often provide investment management for separate accounts advised in the same or similar investment style as that provided to mutual funds. While management of multiple accounts could potentially lead to conflicts of interest over various issues such as trade allocation, fee disparities and research acquisition, Allspring Investments has implemented policies and procedures for the express purpose of ensuring that clients are treated fairly and that potential conflicts of interest are minimized.
The portfolio managers face inherent conflicts of interest in their day-to-day management of the Funds and other accounts because the Funds may have different investment objectives, strategies and risk profiles than the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers. For instance, to the extent that the portfolio managers manage accounts with different investment strategies than the Funds, they may from time to time be inclined to purchase securities, including initial public offerings, for one account but not for a Fund. Additionally, some of the accounts managed by the portfolio managers may have different fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher or lower, in some cases significantly higher or lower, than the fees paid by the Funds. The differences in fee structures may provide an incentive to the portfolio managers to allocate more favorable trades to the higher-paying accounts.
To minimize the effects of these inherent conflicts of interest, Allspring Investments has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, believed to address the potential conflicts associated with managing portfolios for multiple clients and are designed to ensure that all clients are treated fairly and equitably. Accordingly, security block purchases are allocated to all accounts with similar objectives in a fair and equitable manner. Furthermore, Allspring Investments has adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act") to address potential conflicts associated with managing the Funds and any personal accounts the portfolio managers may maintain.
Axiom
Compensation. SIMC pays Axiom a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Axiom and SIMC. Axiom pays its professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Axiom is 100% employee owned with equity partnership distributed among 28 key individuals at the firm. All 10 portfolio managers at Axiom are equity partners. Andrew Jacobson, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager is the majority shareholder and will remain in that capacity.
Axiom offers a comprehensive benefit package and profit-sharing plan with the added incentive of firm ownership. The ability to attain equity ownership is a key determinant in the stability of its investment team. All of Axiom's employees receive a base salary. In addition, employees are eligible to participate in a profit sharing pool. Participation in that pool is a function of overall firm performance as well as individual contribution to that performance. Individual contribution is measured through a combination of short-term and long-term factors. Long-term factors include tenure, position and scope of responsibilities. Short-term factors include recent success meeting relevant operating targets, whether they are investment performance, trade execution metrics or administrative.
Portfolio Managers' performance is viewed in the context of the entire strategy they are responsible for managing, not any one particular account. Given the variability in tax situations of Axiom's underlying clients, Axiom typically views performance on a pre-tax basis when making strategy wide assessments. Additionally, Axiom takes into consideration the performance of its strategies relative to specific benchmarks, in the case of small cap growth, the Russell 2000 Growth Index.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Axiom's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Small Cap or Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, Axiom's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
David Kim, CFA |
1 |
$ |
457.13 |
11 |
$ |
5,137.57 |
† |
5 |
$ |
355.60 |
|||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
76.96 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Matthew Franco, CFA |
1 |
$ |
457.13 |
7 |
$ |
545.46 |
† |
6 |
$ |
439.76 |
|||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
76.96 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† These accounts include assets under advisement consisting of 1 model portfolio with approximately $78.54 MM USD as of 6/30/24.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, these accounts may include other mutual funds managed on an advisory or sub-advisory basis, separate accounts and collective trust accounts. An investment opportunity may be suitable for the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds as well as for any of the other managed accounts. However, the investment may not be available in sufficient quantity for all of the accounts to participate fully. In addition, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds and the other accounts. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, may track the same benchmarks or indexes as the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds track and may sell securities that are eligible to be held, sold or purchased by the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. A portfolio manager may be responsible for accounts that have different advisory fee schedules, which may create the incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another in terms of access to investment opportunities. A portfolio manager may also manage accounts whose investment objectives and policies differ from those of the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, which may cause the portfolio manager to effect trading in one account that may have an adverse effect on the value of the holdings within another account, including the Small Cap and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Axiom has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, trade allocation and trade aggregation policies, portfolio manager assignment practices and oversight by investment management and the Compliance team.
Benefit Street
Compensation. SIMC pays Benefit Street a fee based on the assets under management of the High Yield Bond Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Benefit Street and SIMC. Benefit Street pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the High Yield Bond Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Benefit Street maintains competitive compensation policies that are in line with industry standards for similarly-sized credit funds. The portfolio managers of the High Yield Bond Fund are compensated with a base salary and performance related bonus based on both the individual's performance and the High Yield Bond Fund's performance. While certain indexes may be considered when considering a portfolio manager's compensation, specific benchmarks or periods of time are not necessarily used to calculate a portfolio manager's compensation.
Other factors considered when determining a portfolio manager's compensation include, without limitation, contribution to business results and overall business strategy, success of marketing/business development
S-101
efforts and client servicing, seniority/length of service with the firm, and management and supervisory responsibilities. In addition, the portfolio managers may, directly or indirectly, have capital invested in and/or interests in carried interest or similar performance-based fees collected by the general partners, managing members, special limited partners (or equivalent of any of the foregoing) or the investment adviser of Benefit Street-sponsored credit funds.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Benefit Street's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the High Yield Bond Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the High Yield Bond Fund, Benefit Street's portfolio managers were responsible for day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas Gahan |
1 |
$ |
377.11 |
60 |
$ |
39,002.14 |
18 |
$ |
3,130.79 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
59 |
* |
$ |
38,955.99 |
16 |
* |
$ |
2,989.76 |
|||||||||||||||||
Paul Karpers |
1 |
$ |
377.11 |
4 |
$ |
515.43 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
469.29 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
† Benefit Street utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Benefit Street's individual portfolio managers may manage multiple client accounts. These other accounts may include separate accounts, pooled investment vehicles, other registered investment companies or offshore funds. Each client account may pursue investment opportunities similar to those pursued by another client account or by client accounts of Benefit Street's affiliates. The allocation of investment opportunities will be determined by Benefit Street and its affiliates in their good faith judgment and in accordance with, among other things, Benefit Street's policies and procedures regarding allocating investment opportunities, individual account investment guidelines, and the organizational documents or advisory agreements of the relevant client accounts. Allocation decisions can raise conflicts, for example, if the client accounts have different fee structures. Furthermore, Benefit Street, its affiliates, certain of its principals and employees, and their relatives may invest in and alongside client accounts, either through a general partner of a client account, as direct investors in a client account or otherwise, and may therefore participate indirectly in investments made by the client accounts in which they invest. Such interests will vary account by account and may create an incentive to allocate particularly attractive investment opportunities to the client accounts in which such personnel hold a greater interest.
Subject to applicable investment objectives, guidelines and governing documents of the client accounts, Benefit Street and its affiliates generally allocate investment opportunities on a pro-rata basis among eligible client accounts based upon the current available capital of each such investment vehicle. In addition, certain investment opportunities are allocated on a non-pro rata basis using certain factors such as risk factors and/or diversification, client account investment restrictions, currency or other exposures, current portfolio composition (including current cash available), whether the client account has an existing investment in the portfolio company, as well as the client account's phase in its life cycle (for example, certain opportunities may be over-allocated or under-allocated to a client account during the beginning or the end of its investment cycle).
From time to time, Benefit Street may also determine to refer the allocation of certain investment opportunities to Benefit Street's Allocation Committee (the "Allocation Committee"). The Allocation Committee makes recommendations as to the allocation of investment and disposition opportunities among client accounts, with the intention of fostering fair and equitable allocation over time. The Allocation Committee consists of senior officers of appropriate departments of Benefit Street.
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Benefit Street, its affiliates, and officers, principals or employees of Benefit Street and its affiliates may buy or sell securities or other instruments that Benefit Street has recommended to client accounts, including the High Yield Bond Fund. In addition, such officers, principals or employees may buy securities in transactions offered to but rejected by clients. Such transactions are subject to the policies and procedures set forth in Benefit Street's Code of Ethics. Benefit Street, its affiliates, and their employees are prohibited from "front running" (i.e., purchasing a security for a personal account while knowing that a client account is about to purchase the same security, and then selling the security at a profit upon the rise in the market price following the purchase by the client account). They are similarly prohibited from engaging in short selling when they have access to confidential information that a client account is about to sell a particular security. In addition, they are prohibited from "intermarket front running" (e.g., trading in an option for a personal account when a client account is trading in the underlying security and vice versa). Nevertheless, if Benefit Street, its affiliates, and their employees have made large capital investments in or alongside client accounts, such persons may have conflicting interests from such client accounts with respect to these investments (for example, with respect to the availability and timing of liquidity).
Certain client accounts of Benefit Street and its affiliates may invest in bank debt and securities of companies in which other client accounts hold securities, including equity securities, including a controlling position. In the event that such investments are made by a client account, the interests of such client account may be in conflict with the interests of other client accounts of Benefit Street or its affiliates, particularly in circumstances where the underlying company is facing financial distress. The involvement of client accounts at both the equity and debt levels could inhibit strategic information exchanges among fellow creditors. In certain circumstances, client accounts of Benefit Street or its affiliates may be prohibited from exercising voting or other rights, and may be subject to claims by other creditors with respect to the subordination of their interest. If additional capital is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, or to finance growth or other opportunities, the client accounts may or may not provide such additional capital, and if provided each client account will supply such additional capital in such amounts, if any, as determined by Benefit Street or its affiliates. Benefit Street and its affiliates may seek to address these conflicts by adopting policies and procedures designed to ensure that the team managing the investments make independent decisions through the enforcement of information barriers and similar procedures.
A portfolio manager may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing the High Yield Bond Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict of interest that could arise in managing both the High Yield Bond Fund and other accounts listed above.
Brandywine Global
Compensation. SIMC pays Brandywine Global a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Brandywine Global and SIMC. Brandywine Global pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio managers, analysts and traders earn a base salary and bonus tied to investment performance. The performance bonus is awarded based on peer group outperformance on a one-quarter, one-year, three-year and five-year basis. The performance calculation is weighted to place more emphasis on longer-term outperformance, and less emphasis on the short-term. This emphasis on long term performance, in addition to quarterly oversight of the investment committee, serve as mechanisms to deter excessive risk-taking.
Investment professionals also receive a second quarterly bonus based on the profitability of their product group. Each investment team at Brandywine Global manages its own P&L and retains the bulk of its profits at the end of each quarter. The portion that is not retained is shared with the other investment teams in an effort to smooth income and to promote cross-team fertilization and cooperation. Brandywine Global has found that this form of compensation aligns the interests of investment professionals and clients and leads to accountability and low-turnover among Brandywine Global's staff. In essence, the portfolio management teams own all of the residual profits of Brandywine Global, which the firm believes leads to responsibility, accountability, and low turnover of people.
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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Brandywine Global's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, Brandywine Global's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager | Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Patrick S. Kaser, CFA |
1 |
$ |
178 |
4 |
$ |
212 |
20 |
$ |
2,933 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
239 |
||||||||||||||||||
James J. Clarke |
1 |
$ |
178 |
11 |
$ |
706 |
22 |
$ |
3,034 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
239 |
||||||||||||||||||
Celia R. Hoopes, CFA |
1 |
$ |
178 |
4 |
$ |
212 |
20 |
$ |
2,933 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
239 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts.
Pursuant to and subject to any limitations in the investment management agreements under which Brandywine Global provides investment management services, Brandywine Global generally has authority to determine, without obtaining specific client consent, the securities to be bought and sold for client accounts, including the amounts of such securities. Brandywine Global typically has the authority to select broker/dealers to execute transactions, determine the price at which to transact and to negotiate transaction costs. Such authority may be subject to client directions relating to trade execution.
Conflicts of interest could arise between Brandywine Global and certain clients as a result of the potential value and structure of the revenue accruing to Brandywine Global from that client's account when compared to other clients' accounts, such as favoring high fee accounts over low fee accounts, favoring performance fee paying accounts over non-performance fee paying accounts or favoring large clients over small clients.
In order to manage this conflict, Brandywine Global has adopted policies and procedures to allocate securities to its clients in a fair and equitable manner in order to ensure that no client, or group of clients, is routinely advantaged or disadvantaged over any other. Brandywine Global has further adopted implemented trade surveillance procedures to monitor select aspects of Firm trading to seek to ensure that trading of portfolio securities in client accounts is effectuated in a way that is fair and reasonable.
Brigade
Compensation. SIMC pays Brigade a fee based on the assets under management of the High Yield Bond Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Brigade and SIMC. Brigade pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the High Yield Bond Fund. Brigade's compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Brigade's compensation of Donald E. Morgan, III, managing partner and portfolio manager, and Douglas C. Pardon, co-portfolio manager, includes a fixed monthly payment and incentive components. It is expected that Mr. Morgan and Mr. Pardon will receive an incentive payment based from other client accounts. It is expected that the incentive compensation component with respect to all portfolios managed by Mr. Morgan
S-104
and Mr. Pardon can, and typically will, represent a significant portion of Mr. Morgan's and Mr. Pardon's respective overall compensation and can vary significantly from year to year.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Brigade's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the High Yield Bond Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the High Yield Bond Fund, Brigade's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Donald E. Morgan III |
4 |
$ |
952.4 |
60 |
$ |
18,782.3 |
44 |
$ |
7,701.2 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
12 |
* |
$ |
2,947.0 |
12 |
* |
$ |
2,711.6 |
|||||||||||||||||
Douglas C. Pardon |
4 |
$ |
952.4 |
14 |
$ |
4,932.2 |
24 |
$ |
5,068.8 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
321.8 |
6 |
* |
$ |
1,658.0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers being responsible for multiple accounts, including the High Yield Bond Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the High Yield Bond Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts.
In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Brigade's management of the High Yield Bond Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Brigade to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the High Yield Bond Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Brigade or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the High Yield Bond Fund.
Brigade (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the High Yield Bond Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the High Yield Bond Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the High Yield Bond Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Brigade determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the High Yield Bond Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Brigade has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Causeway
Compensation. SIMC pays Causeway a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Causeway and SIMC. Causeway pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Arjun Jayaraman, Ph.D., CFA, MacDuff Kuhnert, CFA, Joe Gubler, CFA, and Ryan Myers are portfolio managers of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund and receive salaries, incentive compensations (including potential cash, awards of growth units, or awards of equity units) and distributions of the parent holding company's net profit based on their minority ownership interests.
Incentive compensation is paid in the discretion of the firm's Compensation Committee, comprised of the firm's chief executive officer, president, and chief operating officer, which weighs a variety of objective and
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subjective factors. Portfolios are team-managed: no specific formula is used, and incentive compensation is not based on the specific performance of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund or any other single client account managed by Causeway, but takes into account the performance of the individual portfolio manager, the relevant team, and Causeway's overall performance and financial results. The following factors are among those considered in determining incentive compensation for Dr. Jayaraman and Messrs. Kuhnert, Gubler and Myers: individual research contribution, portfolio management and team management contribution, group research contribution, client service and recruiting contributions, and other contributions to client satisfaction and firm development.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Causeway's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Causeway's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Arjun Jayaraman,Ph.D., CFA |
7 |
$ |
4.00 |
11 |
$ |
0.622 |
17 |
$ |
3.34 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
0.649 |
||||||||||||||||||
MacDuff Kuhnert, CFA |
7 |
$ |
4.00 |
11 |
$ |
0.622 |
16 |
$ |
3.35 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
0.649 |
||||||||||||||||||
Joe Gubler, CFA |
7 |
$ |
4.00 |
11 |
$ |
0.622 |
10 |
$ |
3.35 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
0.649 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ryan Myers |
7 |
$ |
4.00 |
11 |
$ |
0.622 |
9 |
$ |
3.34 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
0.649 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† Causeway uses a team-based approach to portfolio management, and the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. The Causeway portfolio managers who manage the Emerging Markets Equity Fund also manage their own personal accounts and accounts for other clients, including corporations, pension plans, sovereign wealth funds, superannuation funds, public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley pension plans, endowments and foundations, mutual funds and other collective investment vehicles, charities, private trusts and funds, model and SMA programs and other institutions (collectively, "Causeway Other Accounts").
In managing certain of the Causeway Other Accounts, the portfolio managers employ investment strategies similar to those used in managing the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, subject to certain variations in investment restrictions. The portfolio managers recommend securities to the Causeway Other Accounts that they purchase and sell for the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
The portfolio managers at times give advice or take action with respect to certain accounts that differs from the advice given to the Causeway Other Accounts with similar investment strategies. Certain Causeway Other Accounts pay higher management fee rates than the Emerging Markets Equity Fund or pay performance-based fees to Causeway. Causeway is the investment adviser and sponsor of a mutual fund family (the "Causeway Mutual Funds"). All of the portfolio managers have personal investments in one or more of the Causeway Mutual Funds. Dr. Jayaraman and Messrs. Kuhnert, Gubler and Myers have minority interests in Causeway's equity.
Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise from the Emerging Markets Equity Fund's portfolio managers' management responsibilities with respect to the Causeway Other Accounts and their own personal accounts. These responsibilities may cause portfolio managers to devote unequal time and attention across client accounts, and the differing fees, incentives and relationships with the various accounts provide incentives to favor certain accounts. Causeway has written compliance policies and procedures designed to mitigate or manage these conflicts of interest. These include policies and procedures to seek fair and equitable allocation
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of investment opportunities (including initial public offerings) and trade allocations among all client accounts and policies and procedures concerning the disclosure and use of portfolio transaction information. Causeway also has a Code of Ethics, which, among other things, limits personal trading by portfolio managers and other employees of Causeway. There is no guarantee that any such policies or procedures will cover every situation in which a conflict of interest arises.
Colchester
Compensation. SIMC pays Colchester a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Colchester and SIMC. Colchester pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Colchester's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Colchester's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies** |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Ian Sims |
4 |
$ |
634 |
27 |
$ |
8,234 |
61 |
$ |
16,217 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
3,502 |
||||||||||||||||||
Keith Lloyd, CFA |
4 |
$ |
634 |
27 |
$ |
8,234 |
61 |
$ |
16,217 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
3,502 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
** Colchester sub-advises 4 accounts for a registered investment company but does not consider itself to have day to day responsibility for those funds.
† Colchester utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Colchester's management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Colchester to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Colchester or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. Colchester (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Emerging Markets Debt Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Emerging Markets Debt Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Colchester determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Colchester has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
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Columbia Management
Compensation. SIMC pays Columbia Management a fee based on the assets under management of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Columbia Management and SIMC. Columbia Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Columbia Management:
Except as otherwise indicated below, the following pertains to both Columbia Management and Threadneedle.
Direct compensation is typically comprised of a base salary (and for Threadneedle, a fixed role-based allowance paid monthly alongside salary), and an annual incentive award that is paid either in the form of a cash bonus if the size of the award is under a specified threshold, or, if the size of the award is over a specified threshold, the award is paid in a combination of a cash bonus, an equity incentive award and deferred compensation. (For Threadneedle this deferred compensation is fund-linked and is compliant with European regulatory requirements in its structure and delivery vehicles.) Equity incentive awards are made in the form of Ameriprise Financial restricted stock, or for more senior employees (including, for Threadneedle, those outside the fund management teams) both Ameriprise Financial restricted stock and stock options. The investment return credited on deferred compensation is based on the performance of specified funds for Columbia Management and specified Threadneedle funds for Threadneedle, in most cases including the funds the portfolio manager manages.
Base Salary.
Base salary is typically determined based on market data relevant to the employee's position, as well as other factors including internal equity. Base salaries are reviewed annually, and increases are typically given as promotional increases, internal equity adjustments, or market adjustments.
Annual Incentive Awards.
Under the Columbia Management annual incentive plan for investment professionals, awards are discretionary, and the amount of incentive awards for investment team members is variable based on (1) an evaluation of the investment performance of the investment team of which the investment professional is a member, reflecting the performance (and client experience) of the funds or accounts the investment professional manages and, if applicable, reflecting the individual's work as an investment research analyst, (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the individual, taking into account attributes such as team participation, investment process followed, communications, and leadership, and (3) the amount of aggregate funding of the plan determined by senior management of Columbia Threadneedle Investments and Ameriprise Financial, which takes into account Columbia Threadneedle Investments revenues and profitability, as well as Ameriprise Financial profitability, historical plan funding levels and other factors. Columbia Threadneedle Investments revenues and profitability are largely determined by assets under management. In determining the allocation of incentive compensation to investment teams, the amount of assets and related revenues managed by the team is also considered alongside investment performance. Individual awards are subject to a comprehensive risk adjustment review process to ensure proper reflection in remuneration of adherence to our controls and Code of Conduct.
Investment performance for a fund or other account is measured using a scorecard that compares account performance against benchmarks, custom indexes, and/or peer groups. Account performance may also be compared to unaffiliated passively managed ETFs, taking into consideration the management fees of comparable passively managed ETFs, when available and as determined by Columbia Management. Consideration is given to relative performance over the one, three, and five year periods, with the largest weighting on the three-year comparison. For individuals and teams that manage multiple strategies and accounts, relative asset size is a key determinant in calculating the aggregate score, with weighting typically proportionate to actual assets. For
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investment leaders who have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group's overall investment performance. Exceptions to this general approach to bonuses exist for certain teams and individuals.
Equity incentive awards are designed to align participants' interests with those of the shareholders of Ameriprise Financial. Equity incentive awards vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees.
Deferred compensation awards are designed to align participants' interests with the investors in the funds and other accounts the employees manage. The value of the deferral account is based on the performance of those funds. Employees have the option of selecting from various internal funds for their deferral account, however portfolio managers must (other than by strict exception) allocate a minimum of 25% of their incentive awarded through the deferral program to the funds they manage. Deferrals vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees.
For Threadneedle, annual incentive awards and pool funding are variable and are designed to reward:
• Investment performance, both at the individual and team levels
• Client requirements, in particular the alignment with clients through a mandatory deferral into the company's own products, compliant with local regulation, in particular the UCITS V requirements
• Team cooperation and values
Individual awards are subject to a comprehensive risk adjustment review process to ensure proper reflection in remuneration of adherence to Threadneedle's controls and Code of Conduct.
Scorecards are used to measure performance of Threadneedle funds and other accounts managed by the Threadneedle employee. Performance is measured versus peer or benchmark performance as appropriate, in addition to performance compared to unaffiliated passively managed ETFs, taking into consideration the management fees of comparable passively managed ETFs, when available and as determined by Threadneedle. Performance is measured using 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year performance, weighted 10% on the 1-year, 60% on the 3-year, and 30% on the 5-year. Consideration may also be given to performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the employee as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, where applicable.
Incentive compensation for senior investment professionals is subject to a minimum 40% deferral as required by local regulation, rising to 60% for higher awards. Half of that deferred portion is delivered in units linked to the performance of Threadneedle funds and the remainder through Ameriprise Financial equity plans.
The equity portion of those deferred incentive awards are designed to align participants' interests with those of the shareholders of Ameriprise Financial. Equity incentive awards vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees.
The fund-linked deferred compensation awards are designed to align participants' interests with the investors in the funds and other accounts the employees manage, and to incentivize collaboration and idea-sharing across teams and products. The value of the deferral account is based on the performance of those funds. Employees have the option of selecting from various internal funds for their deferral account; a portion of this deferral is subject to mandatory allocation to Threadneedle's multi-asset funds to drive cross-business idea sharing and alignment. Fund-linked deferrals vest over multiple years, so they help retain employees and to align their longer-term interests with those of the investor in line with local regulatory best practice.
Exceptions to this general approach to bonuses exist for certain teams and individuals. Funding for the bonus pool is determined by management and is overseen by the EMEA Remuneration Committee, and depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry taking into account investment performance (based on market compensation data) and both Ameriprise Financial and the asset management business profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
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For all employees of Columbia Management and Threadneedle the benefit programs generally are the same, and are competitive within the financial services industry. Employees participate in a wide variety of plans, which may include options in Medical, Dental, Vision, Health Care and Dependent Spending Accounts, Life Insurance, Long Term Disability Insurance, and retirement savings plans.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, the Columbia Management and Threadneedle portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., Columbia Management's and Threadneedle's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Nicolas Robin |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
$ |
153.0 |
1 |
$ |
140.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
Marc Khalamayzer |
2 |
$ |
401.2 |
1 |
$ |
153.0 |
1 |
$ |
140.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
Matt Ferrelli |
2 |
$ |
401.2 |
1 |
$ |
153.0 |
1 |
$ |
140.7 |
† Columbia Management and Threadneedle utilize a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers being responsible for multiple accounts, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.
In addition to the MAAR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., other accounts managed by the portfolio managers may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where such funds and/or accounts have different investment strategies. In addition, a conflict of interest may arise as a result of the management of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow portfolio managers to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts (including those in which the portfolio managers may have invested) over the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance, may raise potential conflicts of interests by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts. Columbia Management and Threadneedle (or their members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and the other accounts in a manner that the portfolio managers determine is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Columbia Management and Threadneedle have adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Copeland
Compensation. SIMC pays Copeland a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Copeland and SIMC. Copeland pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues
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and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Copeland's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II or Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, Copeland's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mark W. Giovanniello, CFA |
6 |
$ |
763.7 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2,503 |
$ |
4,091.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
Eric C. Brown, CFA |
6 |
$ |
763.7 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2,503 |
$ |
4,091.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
David McGonigle, CFA |
6 |
$ |
763.7 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2,503 |
$ |
4,091.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jeffrey Walkenhorst, CFA |
6 |
$ |
763.7 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2,503 |
$ |
4,091.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
John Cummings, CFA |
6 |
$ |
763.7 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2,503 |
$ |
4,091.4 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† Copeland utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include registered investment companies, other types of pooled accounts (e.g., collective investment funds), and separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). The portfolio managers make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that portfolio.
When the portfolio managers have responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, Copeland may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, the portfolio managers may have an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Small Cap II and Small/Mid Cap Equity Funds. Copeland has adopted policies and procedures designed to address these potential material conflicts. For instance, Copeland utilizes a system for allocating investment opportunities among portfolios that is designed to provide a fair and equitable allocation.
The portfolio manager's compensation is based upon their ownership share of the profits, if any, of Copeland.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Copeland has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Cullen
Compensation. SIMC pays Cullen a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Cullen and SIMC. Cullen pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
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James Cullen owns 75.01% of the voting equity of Cullen Capital Management LLC. In his ownership capacity, Mr. Cullen shares commensurately in the profits and losses of Cullen. Mr. Cullen also receives a fixed base salary from Cullen and participates in its 401(k) / Profit Sharing Plan.
Jennifer Chang owns non-voting interests in Cullen which provide her a percentage of annual after-tax profits and losses and receives a fixed salary and bonus from Cullen. Bonus amounts are determined by the overall profitability of Cullen and are not directly related to the performance of any one fund or product. Ms. Chang also participates in Cullen's 401(k) / Profit Sharing plan.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Cullen's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Fund, Cullen's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
James Cullen |
8 |
$ |
2,152 |
11 |
$ |
2,060 |
7,803 |
$ |
18,969 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
21.2 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jennifer Chang |
4 |
$ |
943 |
7 |
$ |
1,866 |
5,775 |
$ |
13,786 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Large Cap Fund, which may have similar or different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Large Cap Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. This conflict of interest may arise as a result of Cullen's management of the Large Cap Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Cullen to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Large Cap Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Cullen or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Large Cap Fund. Cullen (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Large Cap Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Large Cap Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Large Cap Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Cullen determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Large Cap Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Cullen has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
DIFA
Compensation. SIMC pays DIFA a fee based on the assets under management of the World Equity Ex-US Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between DIFA and SIMC. DIFA pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Equity Ex-US Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Base Salary. Each portfolio manager receives a fixed base salary. Salaries are determined by a comparison to industry data prepared by third parties to ensure that portfolio manager salaries are in line with salaries paid at peer investment advisory firms.
Bonus. Global Value Equity Portfolio Managers (Hansen, Petersen, Annerstedt, Jensen, Juul). Each named portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus. The bonus pool is determined by the revenues associated with the products a portfolio manager manages. Macquarie Asset Management keeps a percentage
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of the revenues and the remaining percentage of revenues (minus appropriate expenses associated with relevant product and the investment management team) creates the "bonus pool" for the product. Various members of the team have the ability to earn a percentage of the bonus pool. Individual allocations of the bonus pool are based on individual performance measurements, both objective and subjective, as determined by senior management.
Bonus. International Value Equity Portfolio Manager (Growlland). Fixed remuneration takes into consideration the role of individuals and market conditions. Remuneration is reviewed on a yearly basis in February/March and takes effect from April 1 of that year. Aggregate staff profit share is linked to Macquarie's profitability and return on ordinary equity, with the allocation of individual profit share being based on factors including contribution to profit, use of capital, funding, and risk. Macquarie operates profit share retention arrangements for employees meeting certain pay thresholds, to ensure an appropriate balance between short and longer-term incentives. Compensation is not directly based on the pre or post tax performance of the World Equity Ex-US Fund over a certain period. However, performance of the World Equity Ex-US Fund may be one factor taken into account in determining compensation.
Portfolio managers participate in retention programs, including the Macquarie Asset Management Public Investments Notional Investment Plan and the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan, for alignment of interest purposes.
MAM Public Investments Notional Investment Plan—A portion of a portfolio manager's retained profit share may be notionally exposed to the return of certain funds within Macquarie Asset Management Funds pursuant to the terms of the MAM Public Investments Notional Investment Plan. The retained amount will vest in equal tranches over a period ranging from four to five years after the date of investment (depending on the level of the employee).
Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan—A portion of a portfolio manager's retained profit share may be invested in the Macquarie Group Employee Retained Equity Plan ("MEREP"), which is used to deliver remuneration in the form of Macquarie equity. The main type of award currently being offered under the MEREP is units comprising a beneficial interest in a Macquarie share held in a trust for the employee, subject to the vesting and forfeiture provisions of the MEREP. Subject to vesting conditions, vesting and release of the shares occurs in a period ranging from four to five years after the date of investment (depending on the level of the employee).
Other Compensation—Portfolio managers may also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all similarly situated employees.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, DIFA's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Equity Ex-US Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Equity Ex-US Fund, DIFA's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Jens Hansen |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
5 |
$ |
1,997 |
5 |
$ |
1,880 |
||||||||||||||||||
Klaus Petersen |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
5 |
$ |
1,997 |
5 |
$ |
1,880 |
||||||||||||||||||
Claus Juul |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
5 |
$ |
1,997 |
5 |
$ |
1,880 |
||||||||||||||||||
Asa Annerstedt |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
5 |
$ |
1,997 |
5 |
$ |
1,880 |
||||||||||||||||||
Allen Saustrup Jensens, CFA |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
5 |
$ |
1,997 |
5 |
$ |
1,880 |
||||||||||||||||||
Chris Gowlland, CFA |
1 |
$ |
400.2 |
1 |
$ |
90.1 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
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Conflicts of Interest. Individual portfolio managers may perform investment management services for other funds or accounts similar to those provided to the World Equity Ex-US Fund and the investment action for each other fund or account and the World Equity Ex-US Fund may differ. For example, one account or fund may be selling a security, while another account or fund maybe purchasing or holding the same security. As a result, transactions executed for one account and the World Equity Ex-US Fund may adversely affect the value of securities held by another fund or account. Additionally, the management of multiple other funds or accounts and the World Equity Ex-US Fund may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, as a portfolio manager must allocate time and effort to multiple funds or accounts and the World Equity Ex-US Fund. A portfolio manager may discover an investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one account or fund. The investment opportunity may be limited, however, so that all funds or accounts for which the investment would be suitable may not be able to participate. DIFA has adopted procedures designed to allocate investments fairly across multiple funds or accounts.
A portfolio manager's management of personal accounts also may present certain conflicts of interest. While DIFA's Code of Ethics is designed to address these potential conflicts, there is no guarantee that it will do so.
When DIFA and its affiliates establish proprietary accounts, provide the initial seed capital in connection with the creation of a new investment product or style, and manage affiliate accounts, these accounts may not exhibit the same performance results as a similarly managed fund for a variety of reasons, including regulatory restrictions on the type and amount of securities in which the proprietary capital invests, differential credit and financing terms, and the use of hedging transactions that differ from those used to implement investment strategies for advisory clients.
EAM Investors
Compensation. SIMC pays EAM Investors a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between EAM Investors and SIMC. EAM Investors pays its professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024. EAM Investors' portfolio managers are paid a competitive salary and participate in the firm's revenue share plan. The portfolio managers are also equity owners and are eligible for equity based distributions from profits.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, EAM Investors' portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Small Cap or Small Cap II Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds, EAM Investors' portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Montie L. Weisenberger |
2 |
$ |
165 |
2 |
$ |
199 |
2 |
$ |
106 |
||||||||||||||||||
Travis T. Prentice |
2 |
$ |
165 |
3 |
$ |
239 |
4 |
$ |
143 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. All EAM Investors portfolios within a specific style, i.e. small cap growth, are managed in parallel with the same holdings and approximately the same weights of securities, except for client specific guidelines and restrictions. EAM Investors does not currently have any performance based fee schedules with clients. The firm's personal trading policy restricts personal trading in any security with a market cap below $25 billion, well above the range of all EAM Investors portfolios. Because of these factors EAM Investors would not expect the portfolio manager to have a material conflict of interest in managing any client's portfolios.
S-114
EIP
Compensation. SIMC pays EIP a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap II Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between EIP and SIMC. EIP pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap II Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
EIP's Senior Portfolio Managers and Portfolio Managers are paid a competitive base salary, a discretionary bonus, and are, or will, be equity holders of the firm. Approximately one-third to one-half of their overall compensation is tied to a subjective analysis of their respective products' performance as well as the overall profitability of the firm. EIP's Senior Analysts and Analysts are paid a competitive base salary and a discretionary bonus that is based on their individual performance relative to expectations and the overall profitability of the firm. Approximately one-third to one-half of their overall compensation is bonus.
Key EIP employees have, after meeting certain performance objectives, an option to participate in direct equity ownership. All EIP Portfolio Managers and Senior Analysts are designated as key employees. All EIP equity holders are required to enter into employment agreements, which include non-compete provisions.
EIP attempts to benchmark compensation and benefits with other firms in the industry and/or market. EIP's objective is to provide total cash compensation that is competitive on a national basis and supplement with equity awards to provide long term incentive and retention.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, EIP's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Small Cap II Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap II Fund, EIP's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Joshua Schachter, CFA |
1 |
$ |
26.3 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
750 |
$ |
1,076.73 |
||||||||||||||||||
Philip Greenblatt, CFA |
1 |
$ |
26.3 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
499 |
$ |
556.2 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Small Cap II Fund which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Small Cap II Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of EIP's management of the Small Cap II Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow EIP to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Small Cap II Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that EIP or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Small Cap II Fund. EIP (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Small Cap II Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Small Cap II Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Small Cap II Fund and the other accounts in a manner that EIP determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Small Cap II Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, EIP has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, trade allocation and trade aggregation policies, portfolio manager assignment practices and oversight by investment management and the Compliance team.
S-115
FAV
Compensation. SIMC pays FAV a fee based on the assets under management of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between FAV and SIMC. FAV pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Franklin Compensation. The investment manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager's level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base Salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual Bonus. Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund's shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and funds advised by the investment manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the investment manager and/or other officers of the investment manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
• Investment performance. Primary consideration is given to the historic investment performance over the 1, 3 and 5 preceding years of all accounts managed by the portfolio manager. The pre-tax performance of each fund managed is measured relative to a relevant peer group and/or applicable benchmark as appropriate.
• Non-investment performance. The more qualitative contributions of the portfolio manager to the investment manager's business and the investment management team, including professional knowledge, productivity, responsiveness to client needs and communication, are evaluated in determining the amount of any bonus award.
• Responsibilities. The characteristics and complexity of funds managed by the portfolio manager are factored in the investment manager's appraisal. Additional long-term equity-based compensation. Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Benefits. Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, FAV's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund.
S-116
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, FAV's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Chris Floyd |
27 |
$ |
8,232.0 |
7 |
$ |
1,515.7 |
6 |
$ |
84.9 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jose Maldonado |
7 |
$ |
2,159.2 |
6 |
$ |
2,384.3 |
7 |
$ |
51.2 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of FAV's management of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow FAV to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that FAV or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. FAV (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund and the other accounts in a manner that FAV determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, FAV has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Fred Alger
Compensation. SIMC pays Alger a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Alger and SIMC. Alger pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024:
An Alger portfolio manager's compensation generally consists of salary and an annual bonus. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for health and retirement benefits available to all Alger employees, including a 401(k) plan sponsored by Alger. A portfolio manager's base salary is typically a function of the portfolio manager's experience (with consideration given to type, investment style and size of investment portfolios previously managed), education, industry knowledge and the individual's performance in his or her role. Base salaries will grow over time for Alger's superior employees, rewarding their performance and contributions to the firm.
Cash bonus may be a significant portion of an individual's compensation and can vary from year to year. The annual bonus considers various factors, including:
• the firm's overall financial results and profitability;
• the firm's collective investment management performance;
• an individual's adherence to Alger's investment process, generating investment ideas and overall performance of its clients' portfolios (both relative and absolute;
• qualitative assessment of an individual's performance with respect to Alger's standards; and
• the individual's leadership contribution within the firm.
S-117
While the benchmarks and peer groups used in determining a portfolio manager's compensation may change from time to time, Alger may refer to benchmarks, such as those provided by Russell Investments and S&P Global Ratings, and peer groups, such as those provided by Lipper Inc. and Morningstar Inc., that are widely-recognized by the investment industry.
Alger has implemented a profit participation plan ("PPP") that gives key personnel the opportunity to have equity-like participation in the long-term growth and profitability of the firm. Senior members of the firm are eligible to receive awards annually in the PPP. The PPP reinforces the portfolio managers' commitment to generating superior investment performance for the firm's clients. The awards are invested in Alger's mutual funds and have a four-year vesting schedule. The total award earned can increase or decrease with the firm's investment and earnings results over the four-year period.
Additionally, the Alger Partners Plan provides key investment executives with phantom equity that allows participants pro-rata rights to growth in the firm's book value, dividend payments and participation in any significant corporate transactions (e.g. partial sale, initial public offering, merger, etc.). The firm does not have a limit on the overall percentage of the firm's value it will convey through this program. Participation in this program is determined annually.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Alger's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Fund, Alger's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Patrick Kelly, CFA |
7 |
$ |
9,844.5 |
8 |
$ |
1,407.9 |
41 |
$ |
3,059.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
326.3 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ankur Crawford, Ph.D. |
7 |
$ |
9,843.0 |
8 |
$ |
1,407.9 |
41 |
$ |
3,059.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
326.3 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts can emerge due to how Alger manages client accounts and allocates investment opportunities. To treat all clients reasonably in light of all factors relevant to managing an account, aggregated trades will generally be allocated pro rata among the accounts whenever possible. There are exceptions to this practice, however. Some of these exceptions include periods of unusual market conditions, the availability of certain investments, and differing account guidelines, objectives and time horizons. Additionally, while Alger will aggregate trades on behalf of similarly situated clients, there are instances when Alger places a trade ahead of, or contemporaneously with, trades for another account. In such cases, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the second account receiving less favorable trading results. The costs of implementing trades could be increased or the other account could otherwise be disadvantaged.
If Alger believes that the purchase or sale of a security is in the best interest of more than one client/proprietary account, it has the option (but is not obligated) to aggregate these orders. When trades are aggregated, prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices are generally averaged, and a participating account will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of an individual account. Alger maintains policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to deal equitably with conflicts of interest that may arise when orders are aggregated.
S-118
Alger is under common ownership with Fred Alger & Company, LLC, a registered broker-dealer. Fred Alger & Company, Alger is under common ownership with Fred Alger & Company, LLC ("FAC"), a registered broker-dealer. FAC serves as the principal underwriter for the U.S. registered mutual funds and ETFs advised by Alger, as a placement agent for certain private funds managed by Alger and its affiliates, and as a broker-dealer for U.S. listed equity securities trades placed on behalf of certain clients of Alger, and provides distribution support to certain foreign affiliates. FAC does not conduct public brokerage business and substantially all of its transactions are for those Alger clients who authorize Alger to use FAC as a broker, provided that relevant regulations that govern their accounts allow it. FAC does not act as principal in any client trade nor does it underwrite the offering of securities (except as the principal underwriter for certain U.S. registered mutual funds and ETFs advised by Alger). On a regular basis, Alger evaluates whether the commissions, rates and fees charged by FAC are commercially reasonable. Certain employees and officers of Alger serve as registered representatives and principals of FAC.
Consistent with the "safe harbor" provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Alger will sometimes select brokers that charge higher commissions to provide brokerage and research services than would be charged by brokers providing trade execution services only. This benefits Alger because it does not have to pay for the research products or services. Such benefit gives Alger an incentive to select a broker-dealer based on its interest in receiving the research, products, or services rather than on its clients' interest in receiving the most favorable execution.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Alger has adopted compliance policies and proceduresthat it believes are reasonably designed to deal equitably with these and other conflicts of interest.
Geneva
Compensation. SIMC pays Geneva a fee based on the assets under management of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Geneva and SIMC. Geneva pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024. Geneva investment professionals receive a competitive market based salary and discretionary bonus. The size of the bonus pool is a function of firm revenues. Bonuses at the individual level will be based on a number of factors including analyst productivity, performance of coverage universe and a discretionary component. This discretionary component is meant to encourage teamwork and collaboration and reward individuals who make a positive long-term impact on the business. In addition to bonus and salary most members of the investment team are shareholders of the firm and receive profit distributions based on their ownership stake in the company. Additionally, Geneva continually evaluates ways to incent investment professionals who make a positive long term impact. This may include an opportunity to purchase equity in the Firm, which is offered on an invitation only basis. Geneva believes this compensation plan encourages investment professionals to focus on the long term success of the business.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Geneva's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, Geneva's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
W. Scott Priebe |
6 |
$ |
2,053.9 |
2 |
$ |
99.2 |
234 |
$ |
3,759.6 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jose Munoz |
6 |
$ |
2,053.9 |
2 |
$ |
99.2 |
208 |
$ |
3,674.1 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund which may have different investment guidelines
S-119
and objectives. In addition to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Geneva's management of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Geneva to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Geneva or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. Geneva (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Geneva determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Geneva has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
GMO
Compensation. SIMC pays GMO a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between GMO and SIMC. GMO pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, GMO's portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, GMO's portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Tina Vandersteel |
1 |
$ |
2,277.54 |
4 |
$ |
2,310.7 |
5 |
$ |
949.71 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
385.19 |
5 |
* |
$ |
949.71 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Because each senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including potential conflicts between the investment strategy of a fund and the investment strategy of the other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between a fund and the other accounts.
Senior members of each team are generally members (partners) of GMO. The compensation of each senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary and an additional, discretionary, bonus and, in the case of partners, a partnership interest in the firm's profits. Base salary is determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a competitive base salary. The discretionary bonus is paid on the basis of a number of factors, including features designed to align the compensation of the senior
S-120
members with the performance of the accounts they manage, such as a fund, over various periods. In some cases, the performance of a fund relative to an index (which may or may not be the fund's benchmark) is considered. Such features are intended to promote a closer alignment of interests between those accounts and the senior members managing those accounts. Individual senior members may, however, have some or all of the same economic incentives that GMO itself may have when GMO is eligible to earn a performance fee. Specifically, even if GMO is not earning or eligible to earn a performance fee (none of the funds pay GMO a performance-based fee), individual senior members may have compensation-related incentives to make riskier investments, pursue riskier fund strategies, seek less downside risk when a fund has outperformed its benchmark and allocate superior investment ideas to GMO client accounts capable of generating higher performance-related compensation. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account the individual's contribution to GMO. Because each senior member's compensation is based, in part, on his or her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus and other compensation.
Please refer to GMO's Form ADV for additional information on conflicts of interest.
IR+M
Compensation. SIMC pays IR+M a fee based on the assets under management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between IR+M and SIMC. IR+M pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio managers are compensated through a fixed competitive salary plus bonus. Bonus is generally dictated by the profitability of IR+M as well as the portfolio manager's overall contribution to the firm's success. Portfolio managers also receive competitive health benefits and may participate in IR+M's company-funded profit sharing plan after completing the required length of service with the firm. Separate from compensation, as a long-term incentive, portfolio managers may be offered to purchase equity in IR+M. Equity participation is driven by significant and consistent contribution and demonstrated commitment to the firm.
Compensation is one component of IR+M's total rewards package. The firm invests in its employees by offering them tangible rewards—like competitive compensation and medical benefits as well as attractive retirement benefits, vacation time, unlimited sick time, floating holidays, and tuition and certification reimbursement. Equally important are the intangible benefits. The firm's status as an employee-owned firm allows it to maintain its unique culture of collaboration and collegiality. This environment provides individuals access to senior leaders, and the firm is committed to helping individuals grow their careers at IR+M through its learning and development opportunities.
Specific to compensation, all employees, including all members of the Investment Team, are compensated with a competitive salary plus bonus. The firm bonus pool is dictated by the firm's ability to achieve its annual goals, which includes the profitability of IR+M. An individual's bonus is based on the employee's overall contribution to the firm's and their team's success. IR+M's goal is to have collaborative high-performing teams that deliver for its clients, not to incentivize individual contributions over results. The qualitative drivers of bonus decisions are the beliefs represented in its Core Values: Invested, Respectful, Positive, and Motivated.
Portfolio Managers are evaluated based upon factors such as team contribution, input to risk management and the overall investment management process, contributions to client service, and contributions to firm culture. For Analysts and Traders, evaluations are based upon factors including team contribution, quality of research within assigned sectors and the broader market, input to risk management and the overall investment management process, and contributions to firm culture.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, IR+M's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, IR+M's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Bill O'Malley, CFA |
9 |
$ |
5,143 |
25 |
$ |
15,694 |
754 |
$ |
81,352 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jake Remley, CFA |
9 |
$ |
5,143 |
25 |
$ |
15,694 |
754 |
$ |
81,352 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jim Gubitosi, CFA |
9 |
$ |
5,143 |
25 |
$ |
15,694 |
754 |
$ |
81,352 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† IR+M utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. IR+M's management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with its management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds' investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds or hold, purchase or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. IR+M does not believe that these conflicts, if any, are material or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, IR+M believes that it has designed policies and procedures to manage those conflicts in an appropriate way.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of IR+M's portfolio managers' day-to-day management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. Because of their positions with the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds trades. It is theoretically possible that IR+M's portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. However, IR+M has adopted policies and procedures believed to be reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of IR+M's portfolio managers' management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow them to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that IR+M or its portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of certain other accounts, that have higher base fee rates or incentives fees, than from the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. Notwithstanding this theoretical conflict of interest, it is IR+M's policy to manage each account based on its investment objectives and related restrictions and, as discussed above, IR+M has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time and in a manner consistent with each account's investment objectives and related restrictions. For example, while IR+M's portfolio managers may buy for other accounts securities that differ in identity or quantity from securities bought for the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, such securities might not be suitable for the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds given their investment objectives and related restrictions.
IR+M maintains a matrix of all actual or potential conflicts of interest and fully disclose in the ADV those that may appear to be a conflict of interest to a third-party. IR+M believes it has reasonable policies and procedures in place to mitigate risk and prevent harm because of any conflict.
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Jackson Creek
Compensation. SIMC pays Jackson Creek a fee based on the assets under management of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Jackson Creek and SIMC. Jackson Creek pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Each portfolio manager receives a fixed base salary from Jackson Creek. In addition, each portfolio manager shares in the profitability of Jackson Creek from the portfolio manager's equity ownership of Jackson Creek. The portfolio managers' compensation arrangements are not determined on the basis of specific funds or accounts managed.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Jackson Creek's portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, Jackson Creek's portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
John R. Riddle, CFA |
1 |
$ |
85,460 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
131 |
$ |
127,815 |
No account listed above is subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Jackson Creek's management of the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Jackson Creek to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, or alternatively favors the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund over other accounts. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Jackson Creek or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. Jackson Creek (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Jackson Creek determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Jackson Creek has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Jennison
Compensation. SIMC pays Jennison a fee based on the assets under management of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration and Long Duration Credit Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Jennison and SIMC. Jennison pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration and Long Duration Credit Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
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Jennison seeks to maintain a highly competitive compensation program designed to attract and retain outstanding investment professionals and to align the interests of investment professionals with those of clients and overall firm results. Jennison recognizes individuals for their achievements and contributions and continues to promote those who exemplify the same values and level of commitment that are hallmarks of the organization.
Jennison sponsors a profit sharing retirement plan for all eligible employees. The contribution to the profit sharing retirement plan for portfolio managers is based on a percentage of the portfolio manager's total compensation, subject to a maximum determined by applicable law. In addition to eligibility to participate in retirement and welfare plans, senior investment professionals, including portfolio managers and senior research analysts, are eligible to participate in a voluntary deferred compensation program where all or a portion of the cash bonus can be deferred. Participants in the deferred compensation plan are permitted to allocate the deferred amounts among various options that track the gross-of-fee pre-tax performance of accounts or composites of accounts managed by Jennison.
Investment professionals are typically compensated with a combination of base salary and cash bonus. Overall firm profitability determines the size of the investment professional incentive compensation pool. In general, the cash bonus represents the majority of an investment professional's compensation.
Investment professional total compensation for Jennison's fixed income team is determined through a process that evaluates numerous qualitative factors. Not all factors are applicable to every investment professional, and there is no particular weighting or formula for considering the factors. Jennison's compensation system values both individual impact and teamwork.
The portfolio managers' compensation is expected to be derived from their impact on overall client investment performance and overall business performance of Jennison's fixed income business and not the specific investment performance or value of an account or grouping of accounts.
The qualitative factors reviewed for the portfolio managers may include:
• The quality of the portfolio manager's investment ideas and consistency of the portfolio manager's judgment;
• Qualitative factors such as teamwork and responsiveness;
• Individual factors such as years of experience and responsibilities specific to the individual's role such as being a team leader or supervisor are also factored into the determination of an investment professional's total compensation; and
• Historical and long-term business potential of the product strategies.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Jennison's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration or Long Duration Credit Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration and Long Duration Credit Funds, Jennison's portfolio managers were responsible for the day to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
James Gaul, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
Miriam Zussman |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
Eric G. Staudt, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
Samuel B. Kaplan, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
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Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Dmitri Rabin, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
David Morse, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
Natalia Glekel, CFA |
1 |
$ |
354,418 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
||||||||||||||||||
Griffin Sullivan, CFA |
0 |
$ |
0 |
8 |
$ |
7,671,621 |
83 |
$ |
32,983,180 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
1,107,817 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† Jennison utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. Jennison manages accounts with asset-based fees alongside accounts with performance-based fees. This side-by-side management creates an incentive for Jennison and its investment professionals to favor one account over another. Specifically, Jennison has the incentive to favor accounts for which it receives performance fees, and possibly take greater investment risks in those accounts, in order to bolster performance and increase its fees.
Other types of side-by-side management of multiple accounts create incentives for Jennison to favor one account over another. Examples are detailed below, followed by a discussion of how Jennison addresses these conflicts.
• Long only accounts/long-short accounts: Jennison manages accounts in strategies that hold only long securities positions as well as accounts in strategies that are permitted to sell securities short. As a result, Jennison may hold a long position in a security in some client accounts while selling the same security short in other client accounts. For example, Jennison permits quantitatively hedged strategies to short securities that are held long in other strategies. Jennison also permits securities that are held long by one fundamental portfolio manager to be held short by another fundamental portfolio manager. Additionally, Jennison permits securities that are held long in quantitatively derived strategies to be shorted by other strategies. The strategies that sell a security short held long by another strategy could lower the price for the security held long. Similarly, if a strategy is purchasing a security that is held short in other strategies, the strategies purchasing the security could increase the price of the security held short. By the same token, sales in a long only account can increase the value of a short position while shorting could create an opportunity to purchase a long position at a lower price. As a result, we have conflicts of interest in determining the timing and direction of investments.
• Multiple strategies: Jennison may buy or sell, or may direct or recommend that one client buy or sell, securities of the same kind or class that are purchased or sold for another client, at prices that may be different. Jennison may also, at any time, execute trades of securities of the same kind or class in one direction for an account and in the opposite direction for another account, due to differences in investment strategy or client direction. Different strategies effecting trading in the same securities or types of securities may appear as inconsistencies in Jennison's management of multiple accounts side-by-side.
• Investments at different levels of an issuer's capital structure: To the extent different clients invest across multiple strategies or asset classes, Jennison may invest client assets in the same issuer, but at different levels in the capital structure. Interests in these positions could be inconsistent or in potential or actual conflict with each other.
S-125
• Affiliated accounts/unaffiliated accounts and seeded/non-seeded accounts and accounts receiving asset allocation assets from affiliated investment advisers: Jennison manages accounts for its affiliates and accounts in which it has an interest alongside unaffiliated accounts. This creates an incentive to favor its affiliated accounts over unaffiliated accounts. Additionally, at times Jennison's affiliates provide initial funding or otherwise invest in vehicles managed by Jennison. When an affiliate provides "seed capital" or other capital for a fund or account, it may do so with the intention of redeeming all or part of its interest at a particular future point in time or when it deems that sufficient additional capital has been invested in that fund or account. Jennison typically requests seed capital to start a track record for a new strategy or product. Managing "seeded" accounts alongside "non-seeded" accounts creates an incentive to favor the "seeded" accounts to establish a track record for a new strategy or product. Additionally, Jennison's affiliated investment advisers could allocate their asset allocation clients' assets to Jennison, which creates an incentive for Jennison to favor accounts used by its affiliate for their asset allocation clients to receive more assets from the affiliate.
• Non-discretionary accounts or models: Jennison provides non-discretionary model portfolios to some clients and manages other portfolios on a discretionary basis. Recommendations for some non-discretionary models that are derived from discretionary portfolios are communicated after the discretionary portfolio has traded. The non-discretionary clients could be disadvantaged if Jennison delivers the model investment portfolio to them after Jennison initiates trading for the discretionary clients. Discretionary clients could be disadvantaged if the non-discretionary clients receive their model investment portfolio and start trading before Jennison has started trading for the discretionary clients.
• Higher fee paying accounts or products or strategies: In general, Jennison receives more revenues from (1) larger accounts or client relationships than smaller accounts or client relationships and from (2) managing discretionary accounts than advising non-discretionary models and from (3) non-wrap fee accounts than from wrap fee accounts and from (4) charging higher fees for some strategies than others. The differences in revenue that Jennison receives could create an incentive for Jennison to favor the higher fee paying or higher revenue generating account or product or strategy over another.
• Personal interests: The performance of one or more accounts managed by Jennison's investment professionals is taken into consideration in determining their compensation. Jennison also manages accounts that are investment options in its employee benefit plans such as its defined contribution plans or deferred compensation arrangements and where its employees may have personally invested alongside other accounts where there is no personal interest. These factors create an incentive for Jennison to favor the accounts where it has a personal interest over accounts where Jennison does not have a personal interest.
• Side Letters. Jennison has entered into side letters with respect to certain of the funds that Jennison manages, and will likely do so with respect to funds that Jennison manages in the future. Such side letters are agreements with investors in the funds (including affiliated investors) that grant such investors terms and conditions more advantageous than those granted to other investors. For example, some investors have side letters granting reduced fees or expenses, or access to more frequent or detailed information regarding the fund's investments. In some instances, Jennison could have multiple side letters with respect to a single fund, each with a different investor.
How Jennison Addresses These Conflicts of Interest
The conflicts of interest described above create incentives for Jennison to favor one or more accounts or types of accounts over others in the allocation of investment opportunities, aggregation and timing of investments. Portfolios in a particular strategy with similar objectives are managed similarly to the extent possible. Accordingly, portfolio holdings and industry and sector exposure tend to be similar across a group of accounts in a strategy that have similar objectives, which tends to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest among accounts within a product strategy. While these accounts have many similarities, the investment performance of each account will be different primarily due to differences in guidelines, individual portfolio manager's decisions, timing of investments, fees, expenses and cash flows.
S-126
Additionally, Jennison has developed policies and procedures that seek to address, mitigate and assess these conflicts of interest.
• Jennison has adopted trade aggregation and allocation procedures that seek to treat all clients (including affiliated accounts) fairly. These policies and procedures address the allocation of limited investment opportunities, such as iniIPOs) and new issues, and the allocation of transactions across multiple accounts.
• Jennison has policies that limit the ability to short securities in portfolios that primarily rely on its fundamental research and investment processes (fundamental portfolios) if the security is held long by the same portfolio manager.
• Jennison has adopted procedures to review allocations or performance dispersion between accounts with performance fees and non-performance fee based accounts and to review overlapping long and short positions among long accounts and long-short accounts.
• Jennison has adopted a code of ethics and policies relating to personal trading.
• Jennison has adopted a conflicts of interest policy and procedures.
• Jennison provides disclosure of these conflicts as described in its Form ADV brochure.
JOHCM
Compensation. SIMC pays JOHCM a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between JOHCM and SIMC. JOHCM pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Compensation is based on the value of the assets in the Emerging Markets Equity Fund's portfolio. The remuneration structure for investment professionals includes a base salary, a revenue share (proportion of the management fee generated), and a share of performance fees (on selected vehicles). A significant proportion of any variable award to fund managers is deferred into holdings in the funds managed by the team. These awards are subject to malus and clawback provisions and all remuneration is overseen and approved by the Board of JO Hambro Capital Management Limited.
The JOHCM business has operated as an investment boutique within the Pendal Group since 2011. In January 2023, Pendal Group Limited was acquired by Perpetual. Perpetual is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX code: PPT) and is a diversified financial services company providing asset management, private wealth and trustee services. There are no changes to key investment teams or capabilities and JOHCM maintains its investment autonomy and its unique value proposition
The approach taken to remuneration is to support the strategy of generating successful long-term sustainable investment returns for clients. Incentives are designed to align the remuneration of investment managers with investment outcomes for clients and is linked directly to our purpose to achieve attractive long-term returns through active portfolio management. Each investment team has its own independent approach to generating returns driven by their clearly stated investment objective and style. This independence of thought and focus on performance is part of the culture of the firm and the remuneration structure provides clarity and simplicity on how success is rewarded.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, JOHCM's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, JOHCM's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Emery Brewer** |
2 |
$ |
407 |
4 |
$ |
401 |
2 |
$ |
175 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
201 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Dr. Ivo Kovachev** |
2 |
$ |
407 |
4 |
$ |
401 |
2 |
$ |
175 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
201 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Stephen Lew** |
1 |
$ |
71 |
1 |
$ |
77 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
77 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
** Emery Brewer, Dr. Ivo Kovachev and Stephen Lew manage some of the assets in partnership. Mr. Lew's main focus is on Emerging Markets Small Cap.
AUM is available on a quarterly basis.
Conflicts of Interest. The following are the types of conflicts of interest that may arise within the JOHCM Group, and the way in which they are managed. Further information about the Conflicts of Interest Policy is available on request.
Ownership and Group Relationships
The JOHCM Group business has operated as an investment boutique within the Pendal Group since 2011. In January 2023, Pendal Group Limited was acquired by Perpetual. Perpetual is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX code: PPT) and is a diversified financial services company providing asset management, private wealth and trustee services. There are no changes to key investment teams or capabilities and JOHCM maintains its investment autonomy and its unique value proposition.
As part of its governance remit, the JOHCM Board may consider it appropriate to promote the success of Perpetual or any one of its subsidiaries, but each director, and the firm in general, must also comply with the rules, regulations and principles of both the SEC and the FCA, which require clients to be treated fairly, their interests to be served, and the effective mitigation and management of the risk of conflict with those interests.
On this basis, no conflicts thus arise from the firm's corporate structure beyond those inherent and commonplace in a shareholder ownership model.
Separate teams/timing of investment decisions/executions
JOHCM acts as discretionary investment manager for a number of separate publicly available funds and segregated institutional accounts. The investment mandates for these clients are such that a particular investment will be suitable for inclusion in a number of different portfolios.
Each strategy is managed by a named senior fund manager, or by a senior fund manager and deputy/ies, or by named co-lead managers. It is a key part of the group's decentralized investment philosophy that these investment teams have the freedom, subject to agreed mandate restrictions, to make their own investment decisions.
JOHCM has policies in place to address the potential for conflicts that this creates, that are designed to ensure the fair allocation of investment opportunities among clients. Compliance with these policies is reviewed ex post by various means, including performance dispersion analysis and monitoring order handling.
S-128
Basis of Remuneration—the firm and fund managers
The agreements with clients vary for different portfolios and therefore annual management charges and performance fees differ based on portfolio type. It is therefore important to ensure fair treatment is given to each portfolio. The firms policies and monitoring ensure fair allocation of investment opportunities. Individual fund managers' remuneration includes salary and management and performance fee share awards. Oversight of awards is provided by the Perpetual Remuneration Committee and JOHCML Board who ensure alignment between the fund managers interests and their clients and FCA Rules.
Inside Information
The misuse of inside information amounts to a breach of the SEC regulations and FCA Rules and in some cases may be a criminal offense. It creates an inherent conflicts of interest because it gives the holder of the information an unfair advantage over other market participants who do not have that knowledge.
The firm has various safeguards in place that are designed to protect clients and other market participants against the potential for conflict involved following receipt of material non-public information, including staff training on the issue and a policy that requires any employee in receipt of inside information to report it immediately to Compliance. This results in an embargo on further orders being placed in the securities of the relevant company by all JOHCM investment teams, whether or not they are themselves in actual receipt of the inside Information.
Identification and Correction of Errors
The risk of conflicts of interest is inherent in any scenario where an error has potentially been made, but JOHCM confronts this risk firstly by promoting a culture of collaboration, transparency and fairness in the analysis and correction of any error. JOHCM has established procedures to ensure any such incident is effectively escalated, that JOHCM takes appropriate action to correct the accounts of any clients adversely affected by the issue, and also learns from the incident and strengthens controls, including by providing additional training where appropriate, to minimize the risk of recurrence. JOHCM policy is that clients should be compensated for all direct monetary losses that they may suffer as a result of any error.
Procurement of investment research
JOHCM pays for all investment research out of its own resources.
JOHCM has controls in place designed to ensure that the only research consumed is research that the firm pays for, and that any other information or commentary about securities, markets or investing that the firm receives for free is simply 'generic information' in line with the FCA Rules. These controls aim to mitigate the risk that 'free' research may create an inducement in the context of the firm's relationship with the research provider.
Relationships with Service Providers
From time to time, JOHCM may engage a service provider on its own behalf that is also a client of the firm, or an investor in or distributor of the firm's products. In such cases, JOHCM aims to ensure that the selection of any such service provider is made on an independent basis through a comparison of the available services from multiple potential service providers and by selecting the most suitable provider based upon the overall needs of the firm.
Outside Business Interests
There is a clear potential for conflicts of interest where employees pursue other business activities outside their main employment. JOHCM's standard employment contract therefore requires the employee to obtain prior written consent for any outside business interests. Such external appointments are rare.
Directors are also subject to particular statutory and policy driven obligations in managing any conflicts of interest which may arise or exist within their role.
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Gifts and Entertainment
The giving and receiving of gifts or entertainment are subject to JOHCM's policy, which is designed to ensure that staff do not offer or give, solicit or accept any inducement which is likely to conflict with their duties to clients or would be in breach of any statutory or regulatory restrictions.
Employee Personal Dealing
To manage the obvious risk of conflict of interest arising in this area, all employees are made subject to JOHCM's Employee Dealing Rules which place clear parameters on how and when they may deal in securities for their own account and their immediate families and include regular reporting of personal transactions and holdings.
JPMIM
Compensation. SIMC pays JPMIM a fee based on the assets under management of the High Yield Bond Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between JPMIM and SIMC. JPMIM pays its portfolio managers out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the High Yield Bond Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
JPMIM's compensation programs are designed to align the behavior of employees with the achievement of its short- and long-term strategic goals, which revolve around client investment objectives. This is accomplished in part, through a balanced performance assessment process and total compensation program, as well as a clearly defined culture that rigorously and consistently promotes adherence to the highest ethical standards.
The compensation framework for JPMIM Portfolio Managers participating in public market investing activities is based on several factors that drive alignment with client objectives, the primary of which is investment performance, alongside of the firm-wide performance dimensions. The framework focuses on Total Compensation—base salary and variable compensation. Variable compensation is in the form of cash incentives, and/or long-term incentives in the form of fund-tracking incentives (referred to as the "Mandatory Investment Plan" or "MIP") and/or equity-based JPMorgan Chase Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") with defined vesting schedules and corresponding terms and conditions. Long-term incentive awards may comprise up to 60% of overall incentive compensation, depending on an employee's pay level.
The performance dimensions for Portfolio Managers are evaluated annually based on several factors that drive investment outcomes and value—aligned with client objectives—including, but not limited to:
• Investment performance, generally weighted more to the long-term, with specific consideration for Portfolio Managers of investment performance relative to competitive indexes or peers over one-, three-, five- and ten-year periods, or, in the case of funds designed to track the performance of a particular index, the Portfolio Managers success in tracking such index;
• The scale and complexity of their investment responsibilities;
• Individual contribution relative to the client's risk and return objectives;
• Business results, as informed by investment performance; risk, controls and conduct objectives; client/customer/stakeholder objectives, teamwork and leadership objectives; and
• Adherence with JPMorgan's compliance, risk, regulatory and client fiduciary responsibilities, including, as applicable, adherence to the JPMorgan Asset Management Sustainability Risk Integration Policy, which contains relevant financially material Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance ("ESG") factors that are intended to be assessed in investment decision-making.
In addition to the above performance dimensions, the firm-wide pay-for-per performance framework is integrated into the final assessment of incentive compensation for an individual Portfolio Manager. Feedback from JPMorgan's risk and control professionals is considered in assessing performance and compensation.
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Portfolio Managers are subject to a mandatory deferral of long-term incentive compensation under JPMorgan's "MIP". In general, the MIP provides for a rate of return equal to that of the particular fund(s), thereby aligning the Portfolio Manager's pay with that of the client's experience/return.
For Portfoli Managers participating in public market investing activities, 50% of their long-term incentives are subject to a mandatory deferral in the MIP, and the remaining 50% can be granted in the form of RSUs or additional participation in MIP at the election of the Portfolio Manager.
For the portion of long-term incentives subject to mandatory deferral in the MIP (50%), the incentives are allocated to the fund(s) the Portfolio Manager manages, as determined by the employee's respective manager and reviewed by senior management.).
In addition, named Portfolio Managers on a sustainable fund(s) are required to allocate at least 25% of their mandatory deferral in at least one dedicated sustainable fund(s).
To hold individuals responsible for taking risks inconsistent with JPMorgan's risk appetite and to discourage future imprudent behavior, we have policies and procedures that enable us to take prompt and proportionate actions with respect to accountable individuals, including:
• Reducing or altogether eliminating annual incentive compensation;
• Canceling unvested awards (in full or in part);
• Clawback/recovery of previously paid compensation (cash and / or equity);
• Demotion, negative performance rating or other appropriate employment actions; and
• Termination of employment.
The precise actions we take with respect to accountable individuals are based on circumstances, including the nature of their involvement, the magnitude of the event and the impact on JPMorgan.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, the portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the High Yield Bond Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the High Yield Bond Fund, JPMIM's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies** |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles** |
Other Accounts** |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Robert Cook |
13 |
$ |
9,419,586 |
10 |
$ |
16,676,976 |
42 |
$ |
16,433,249 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
25,151 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Thomas Hauser |
16 |
$ |
47,883,055 |
12 |
$ |
26,502,332 |
43 |
$ |
16,066,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
19,037 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
* The total value and number of accounts managed by a portfolio manager may include sub-accounts of asset allocation, multi-managed and other accounts.
† JPMIM utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. The potential for conflicts of interest exists when portfolio managers manage other accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies as the fund ("Similar Accounts"). Potential conflicts may include, for example, conflicts between investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities.
Responsibility for managing J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (JP Morgan)'s and its affiliates clients' portfolios is organized according to investment strategies within asset classes. Generally, client portfolios with
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similar strategies are managed by portfolio managers in the same portfolio management group using the same objectives, approach and philosophy. Underlying sectors or strategy allocations within a larger portfolio are likewise managed by portfolio managers who use the same approach and philosophy as similarly managed portfolios. Therefore, portfolio holdings, relative position sizes and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios and strategies, which minimize the potential for conflicts of interest.
JPMorgan and/or its affiliates ("JPMorgan Chase") perform investment services, including rendering investment advice, to varied clients. JPMorgan, JPMorgan Chase and its or their directors, officers, agents, and/or employees may render similar or differing investment advisory services to clients and may give advice or exercise investment responsibility and take such other action with respect to any of its other clients that differs from the advice given or the timing or nature of action taken with respect to another client or group of clients. It is JPMorgan's policy, to the extent practicable, to allocate, within its reasonable discretion, investment opportunities among clients over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis. One or more of JPMorgan's other client accounts may at any time hold, acquire, increase, decrease, dispose, or otherwise deal with positions in investments in which another client account may have an interest from time-to-time.
Acting for Multiple Clients. In general, JPMIM faces conflicts of interest when it renders investment advisory services to several clients and, from time to time, provides dissimilar investment advice to different clients. For example, when funds or accounts managed by JPMIM ("Other Accounts") engage in short sales of the same securities held by a Fund, JPMIM could be seen as harming the performance of a Fund for the benefit of the Other Accounts engaging in short sales, if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. In addition, a conflict could arise when one or more Other Accounts invest in different instruments or classes of securities of the same issuer than those in which a Fund invests. In certain circumstances, Other Accounts have different investment objectives or could pursue or enforce rights with respect to a particular issuer in which a Fund has also invested and these activities could have an adverse effect on the Fund. For example, if a Fund holds debt instruments of an issuer and an Other Account holds equity securities of the same issuer, then if the issuer experiences financial or operational challenges, the Fund (which holds the debt instrument) may seek a liquidation of the issuer, whereas the Other Account (which holds the equity securities) may prefer a reorganization of the issuer. In addition, an issuer in which the Fund invests may use the proceeds of the Fund's investment to refinance or reorganize its capital structure which could result in repayment of debt held by JPMorgan or an Other Account. If the issuer performs poorly following such refinancing or reorganization, the Fund's results will suffer whereas the Other Account's performance will not be affected because the Other Account no longer has an investment in the issuer. Conflicts are magnified with respect to issuers that become insolvent. It is possible that in connection with an insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization, or similar proceeding, a Fund will be limited (by applicable law, courts or otherwise) in the positions or actions it will be permitted to take due to other interests held or actions or positions taken by JPMorgan or Other Accounts
JPMorgan, JPMorgan Chase, and any of its or their directors, partners, officers, agents or employees, may also buy, sell, or trade securities for their own accounts or the proprietary accounts of JPMorgan and/or JPMorgan Chase. JPMorgan and/or JPMorgan Chase, within their discretion, may make different investment decisions and other actions with respect to their own proprietary accounts than those made for client accounts, including the timing or nature of such investment decisions or actions. Further, JPMorgan is not required to purchase or sell for any client account securities that it, JPMorgan Chase, and any of its or their employees, principals, or agents may purchase or sell for their own accounts or the proprietary accounts of JPMorgan, or JPMorgan Chase or its clients.
JP Morgan and/or its affiliates may receive more compensation with respect to certain Similar Accounts than that received with respect to the fund or may receive compensation based in part on the performance of certain Similar Accounts. This may create a potential conflict of interest for JP Morgan and its affiliates or its portfolio managers by providing an incentive to favor these Similar Accounts when, for example, placing securities transactions. In addition, JP Morgan or its affiliates could be viewed as having a conflict of interest to the extent that JP Morgan or an affiliate has a proprietary investment in Similar Accounts, the portfolio managers have personal investments in Similar Accounts or the Similar Accounts are investment options in JP Morgan's or its affiliate's employee benefit plans. Potential conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and
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allocation of securities transactions and allocation of investment opportunities because of market factors or investment restrictions imposed upon JP Morgan and its affiliates by law, regulation, contract or internal policies. Allocations of aggregated trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially completed due to limited availability and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as JP Morgan or its affiliates may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to favored accounts. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. JP Morgan and its affiliates may be perceived as causing accounts they manages to participate in an offering to increase JP Morgan's or its affiliates' overall allocation of securities in that offering.
A potential conflict of interest also may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by another account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. If JP Morgan or its affiliates manage accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which the fund invests, JP Morgan or its affiliates could be seen as harming the performance of the fund for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall.
As an internal policy matter, JP Morgan may from time to time maintain certain overall investment limitations on the securities positions or positions in other financial instruments JP Morgan or its affiliates will take on behalf of its various clients due to, among other things, liquidity concerns and regulatory restrictions. Such policies may preclude a fund from purchasing particular securities or financial instruments, even if such securities or financial instruments would otherwise meet the fund's objectives.
The goal of JP Morgan and its affiliates is to meet their fiduciary obligation with respect to all clients. JP Morgan and its affiliates have policies and procedures that seek to manage conflicts. JP Morgan and its affiliates monitor a variety of areas, including compliance with fund guidelines, review of allocation decisions and compliance with JP Morgan's Codes of Ethics and JPMC's Code of Conduct. With respect to the allocation of investment opportunities, JP Morgan and its affiliates also have certain policies designed to achieve fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities among its clients over time. For example: Orders received in the same security and within a reasonable time period from a market event (e.g., a change in a security rating) are continuously aggregated on the appropriate trading desk so that new orders are aggregated with current outstanding orders, consistent with JPMorgan's duty of best execution for its clients. However, there are circumstances when it may be appropriate to execute the second order differently due to other constraints or investment objectives. Such exceptions often depend on the asset class. Examples of these exceptions, particularly in the fixed-income area, are sales to meet redemption deadlines or orders related to less liquid assets.
If aggregated trades are fully executed, accounts participating in the trade will typically be allocated their pro rata share on an average price basis. Partially filled orders generally will be allocated among the participating accounts on a pro-rata average price basis, subject to certain limited exceptions. Use of average price for execution of aggregated trade orders is particularly true in the equity area. However, certain investment strategies, such as the use of derivatives, or asset classes, such as fixed-income that use individual trade executions due to the nature of the strategy or supply of the security, may not be subject to average execution price policy and would receive the actual execution price of the transaction. Additionally, some accounts may be excluded from pro rata allocations. Accounts that would receive a de minimis allocation relative to their size may be excluded from the order. Another exception may occur when thin markets or price volatility require that an aggregated order be completed in multiple executions over several days. Deviations from pro rata allocations are documented by the business. JPMorgan attempts to mitigate any potential unfairness by basing non-pro-rata allocations traded through a single trading desk or system upon an objective predetermined criteria for the selection of investments and a disciplined process for allocating securities with similar duration, credit quality and liquidity in the good faith judgment of JPMorgan so that fair and equitable allocation will occur over time.
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Purchases of money market instruments and fixed income securities cannot always be allocated pro-rata across the accounts with the same investment strategy and objective. However, the Adviser and its affiliates attempt to mitigate any potential unfairness by basing non-pro rata allocations traded through a single trading desk or system upon objective predetermined criteria for the selection of investments and a disciplined process for allocating securities with similar duration, credit quality and liquidity in the good faith judgment of the Adviser or its affiliates so that fair and equitable allocation will occur over time.
Jupiter
Compensation. SIMC pays Jupiter a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Jupiter and SIMC. Jupiter pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Jupiter's approach to remuneration is designed to ensure that Jupiter Fund Management plc and all of its subsidiary companies ("the Group") has a robust governance framework which is in line with the Group's risk appetite, and which supports the Group's business objectives and values. Jupiter aims to deliver value for money to its clients through active fund management that delivers long-term investment outperformance, after all fees. Jupiter has a strong focus on variable compensation, which ensures that decisions on pay are driven by the achievement of sustainable long-term performance including corporate and investment performance, and that fixed costs are contained. Risk is an important factor in the performance review process and is taken account of in the measurement of individuals' performance.
The composition of the elements within an individual's overall remuneration is the result of the function and performance of the individual, including alignment with the Group's risk tolerances, market competitiveness and overall profitability. The Group's total compensation approach comprises fixed and variable compensation.
Fixed compensation includes base salary, which reflects the individual's skills, the size and scope of their role, and the market rate for the role at comparator companies and benefits. The same range and level of benefits is available to all UK employees regardless of seniority.
Variable compensation is awarded annually and is dependent on individual and corporate performance based on achievement of strategic and personal objectives. The variable compensation pool (from which annual bonuses are paid) is based on Jupiter's profits, ensuring that any bonuses are affordable and aligned to Jupiter's success. All employees are considered for a performance based discretionary bonus. The entitlement to variable compensation is not guaranteed and the Committee and/or Board of Directors of the local entity may withhold the payment of bonuses entirely or partly when performance criteria are not met.
For investment management staff, various quantitative and qualitative factors are applied when assessing individual performance so that remuneration is aligned to client outcomes. Investment Management bonus pools are generally aligned to revenues and performance against appropriate peer groups or benchmarks over 1, 3 and 5 years.
A portion of any discretionary bonus will be subject to deferral, vesting annually over 3 years; the deferral will be wherever possible into units of the fund that generated the bonus and Jupiter shares. The amount of deferral will be set by the Remuneration Committee and reflect Jupiter's regulatory requirements, risk profile and corporate objectives.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Jupiter's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US or Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, Jupiter's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Dermot Murphy |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
$ |
828.8 |
2 |
$ |
183.9 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ben Whitmore |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
$ |
2,623.6 |
6 |
$ |
2,039.9 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Please note Dermot Murphy and Ben Whitmore are co-managers for the Jupiter Global Value Equity Fund.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Jupiter's management of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Jupiter to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Jupiter or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. Jupiter (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and the other accounts in a manner that Jupiter determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Jupiter has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Lazard
Compensation. SIMC pays Lazard a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Lazard and SIMC. Lazard pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Lazard compensates portfolio managers by a competitive salary and bonus structure, which is determined both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Salary and bonus are paid in cash, stock and restricted interests in funds managed by Lazard or its affiliates. Portfolio managers are compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of portfolios managed by the teams of which they are a member rather than for a specific fund or account. Various factors are considered in the determination of a portfolio manager's compensation. All of the portfolios managed by a portfolio manager are comprehensively evaluated to determine his or her positive and consistent performance contribution over time. Further factors include the amount of assets in the portfolios as well as qualitative aspects that reinforce Lazard's investment philosophy.
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Total compensation is generally not fixed, but rather is based on the following factors: (i) leadership, teamwork and commitment, (ii) maintenance of current knowledge and opinions on companies owned in the portfolio; (iii) generation and development of new investment ideas, including the quality of security analysis and identification of appreciation catalysts; (iv) ability and willingness to develop and share ideas on a team basis; and (v) the performance results of the portfolios managed by the investment teams of which the portfolio manager is a member.
Variable bonus is based on the portfolio manager's quantitative performance as measured by his or her ability to make investment decisions that contribute to the pre-tax absolute and relative returns of the accounts managed by the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member, by comparison of each account to a predetermined benchmark (generally as set forth in the prospectus or other governing document) over the current fiscal year and the longer-term performance of such account, as well as performance of the account relative to peers. In addition, the portfolio manager's bonus can be influenced by subjective measurement of the manager's ability to help others make investment decisions.
A portion of a portfolio manager's variable bonus is awarded under a deferred compensation arrangement pursuant to which the portfolio manager may allocate certain amounts awarded among certain accounts in shares that vest in two to three years. Certain portfolio managers' bonus compensation may be tied to a fixed percentage of revenue or assets generated by the accounts managed by such portfolio management teams.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Lazard's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, Lazard's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Louis Florentin-Lee |
7 |
$ |
31,265.94 |
20 |
$ |
4,593.34 |
106 |
$ |
9,763.25 |
||||||||||||||||||
2 |
* |
$ |
22,113.47 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
149.60 |
|||||||||||||||||
Barnaby Wilson, CFA |
3 |
$ |
403.26 |
19 |
$ |
4,427.29 |
42 |
$ |
4,139.74 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
149.60 |
||||||||||||||||||
Robert Failla, CFA |
0 |
$ |
0 |
5 |
$ |
392.86 |
6 |
$ |
177.10 |
||||||||||||||||||
Paul Moghtader, CFA |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
30 |
$ |
3,894.13 |
79 |
$ |
16,784.82 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
Susanne Willumsen |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
28 |
$ |
3,885.31 |
78 |
$ |
16,784.54 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
Taras Ivanenko |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
28 |
$ |
3,885.31 |
78 |
$ |
16,784.54 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
Peter Kashanek |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
30 |
$ |
3,894.13 |
79 |
$ |
16,784.82 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
Alex Lai |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
28 |
$ |
3,885.31 |
78 |
$ |
16,784.54 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ciprian Marin |
13 |
$ |
1,810.83 |
28 |
$ |
3,885.31 |
78 |
$ |
16,784.54 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
7 |
* |
$ |
462.57 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Although the potential for conflicts of interest exist when an investment adviser and portfolio managers manage other accounts that invest in securities in which the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds may invest or that may pursue a strategy similar to World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds' investment strategies implemented
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by Lazard (collectively, "Similar Accounts"), Lazard has procedures in place that are designed to ensure that all accounts are treated fairly and that the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds are not disadvantaged, including procedures regarding trade allocations and "conflicting trades" (e.g., long and short positions in the same or similar securities). In addition, the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds are subject to different regulations than certain of the Similar Accounts, and, consequently, may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions, or to engage in such techniques or transactions to the same degree, as the Similar Accounts.
Potential conflicts of interest may arise because of Lazard's management of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and Similar Accounts, including the following:
1. Similar Accounts may have investment objectives, strategies and risks that differ from those of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. In addition, the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds are registered investment companies, subject to different regulations than certain of the Similar Accounts and, consequently, may not be permitted to invest in the same securities, exercise rights to exchange or convert securities or engage in all the investment techniques or transactions, or to invest, exercise or engage to the same degree, as the Similar Accounts. For these or other reasons, the portfolio managers may purchase different securities for the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds and the corresponding Similar Accounts, and the performance of securities purchased for the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds may vary from the performance of securities purchased for Similar Accounts, perhaps materially.
2. Conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of limited investment opportunities. Lazard may be perceived as causing accounts it manages to participate in an offering to increase Lazard's overall allocation of securities in that offering, or to increase Lazard's ability to participate in future offerings by the same underwriter or issuer. Allocations of bunched trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially filled due to limited availability, and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as Lazard may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to preferred accounts. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. A potential conflict of interest may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by the other account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account.
3. Portfolio managers may be perceived to have a conflict of interest because of the large number of Similar Accounts, in addition to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, that they are managing on behalf of Lazard. Although Lazard does not track each individual portfolio manager's time dedicated to each account, Lazard periodically reviews each portfolio manager's overall responsibilities to ensure that he or she is able to allocate the necessary time and resources to effectively manage the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds. As illustrated in the table above, most of the portfolio managers manage a significant number of Similar Accounts (10 or more) in addition to the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
4. Generally, Lazard and/or its portfolio managers have investments in Similar Accounts. This could be viewed as creating a potential conflict of interest, since certain of the portfolio managers do not invest in the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
5. The portfolio managers noted with an * in the table above manage Similar Accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account, which could give the portfolio managers and Lazard an incentive to favor such Similar Accounts over the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
6. Portfolio managers may place transactions on behalf of Similar Accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made for the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World
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Equity Ex-US Funds, which could have the potential to adversely impact the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, depending on market conditions. In addition, if the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds' investment in an issuer is at a different level of the issuer's capital structure than an investment in the issuer by Similar Accounts, in the event of credit deterioration of the issuer, there may be a conflict of interest between the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds' and such Similar Accounts' investments in the issuer. If Lazard sells securities short, including on behalf of a Similar Account, it may be seen as harmful to the performance of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds to the extent it invests "long" in the same or similar securities whose market values fall as a result of short-selling activities.
7. Investment decisions are made independently from those of the Similar Accounts. If, however, such Similar Accounts desire to invest in, or dispose of, the same securities as the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated equitably to each. In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtained for or disposed of by the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds or the price paid or received by the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds.
8. Under Lazard's trade allocation procedures applicable to domestic and foreign initial and secondary public offerings and Rule 144A transactions (collectively herein a "Limited Offering"), Lazard will generally allocate Limited Offering shares among client accounts, including the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US and Screened World Equity Ex-US Funds, pro rata based upon the aggregate asset size (excluding leverage) of the account. Lazard may also allocate Limited Offering shares on a random basis, as selected electronically, or other basis. It is often difficult for the Investment Manager to obtain a sufficient number of Limited Offering shares to provide a full allocation to each account. Lazard's allocation procedures are designed to allocate Limited Offering securities in a fair and equitable manner.
Leeward
Compensation. SIMC pays Leeward a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap II Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Leeward and SIMC. Leeward pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap II Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio managers and other investment team members at Leeward are compensated through a combination of base salary, incentive bonus and equity ownership. Leeward's base salaries are competitive within the industry. Leeward's incentive bonus plan for these investment personnel is a revenue-share model based on strategy performance relative to a peer group universe of institutional managers. Incentive bonuses are not calculated on specific client or specific fund assets. Investment team members are also equity owners at Leeward, which further aligns investment team incentives with client success.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Leeward's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Small Cap II Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap II Fund, Leeward's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
R. Todd Vingers, CFA |
7 |
$ |
1,342.0 |
22 |
$ |
695.8 |
31 |
$ |
917.8 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jay C. Willadsen, CFA |
7 |
$ |
1,342.0 |
22 |
$ |
695.8 |
31 |
$ |
917.8 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
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Conflicts of Interest. Leeward's portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more funds as well as other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. A portfolio manager may also manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Small Cap II Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds and other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. Leeward has fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. It seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. Similarly, trading in securities by Leeward personnel for their own accounts potentially could conflict with the interest of clients. Leeward has policies and procedures in place to detect, monitor and resolve these and other potential conflicts of interest that are inherent to its business as a registered investment adviser.
LGIM America
Compensation. SIMC pays LGIM America a fee based on the assets under management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between LGIM America and SIMC. LGIM America pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The portfolio managers are compensated with a fixed salary, a discretionary or structured bonus, equity participation in Legal & General Group plc and a benefits package. The discretionary bonus is based on the achievement of predetermined objectives laid down for the previous calendar year, conduct and behaviors (including the approach to risk controls), the role performed during that period, and internal relativities. Investment personnel may alternatively participate in a structured bonus plan that predominantly ties awards, on a formulaic basis, to the performance of their particular portfolios against a relevant peer group or index (the "hurdle"). If a portfolio manager's performance is above the hurdle, a bonus payment will be triggered and will increase with relative outperformance up to a specified performance target. If performance is below the hurdle, a portfolio's performance will not generate a bonus payment. Outperformance beyond the hurdle increases the bonus pay-out up to a maximum level. Hurdles consider the expected risk profile of the fund or account, ensuring that portfolio managers are taking appropriate risks according to the applicable risk profile of the product. These hurdles are applied to portfolio performance over one and three-year (or since inception if less than three years) time periods, to focus portfolio managers on long-term outperformance of a portfolio rather than strictly focusing on short-term performance. The plans also reward contributions of a qualitative nature such as team management and other personal objectives.
Bonuses above a predetermined threshold will have a proportion deferred into the Legal & General share bonus plan. In addition, there is a long-term incentive plan for key employees, which is measured against long-term profit growth targets for LGIM America. Plans, which last for three years, are launched on an annual basis.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, LGIM America's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, LGIM America's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager Team |
0 |
$ |
0 |
15 |
$ |
8,399.528 |
99 |
$ |
32,352.555 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† The portfolio managers—Jason Shoup, Patrick Dan, Jordan Bond, Tim Bacik, CFA, and Magdalena Szudy—use a team approach to manage LGIM America's portfolios. In total the team manages over 110 accounts across its credit strategies. This number does not include non-discretionary assets managed for LGIM America's affiliate.
Conflicts of Interest. LGIM America and its portfolio managers serve as portfolio managers and investment adviser to other client accounts, may have additional accounts in the future and may conduct investment activities for their own accounts (collectively, the "Other Clients"), and may serve as officers, directors, consultants, members, partners or stockholders of one or more investment funds, partnerships, securities firms or advisory firms. The Other Clients may have investment objectives or may implement investment strategies similar to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and may invest in the same or similar securities as such funds. LGIM America or a portfolio manager may give advice or take action with respect to the Other Clients that differs from the advice given with respect to the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. It may not always be possible or consistent with the investment objectives of the various persons or entities described above and of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds for the same investment positions to be taken or liquidated at the same time or at the same price.
The conflict of side-by-side management of the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds with Other Clients is mitigated by limiting the portfolio managers' activity to portfolio modeling and the raising of orders with the basket of securities to be traded. LGIM America's Global trading Team aggregates multiple orders of the same security and executes the order in the marketplace. These orders may include IPOs, private placements or other thinly traded investment opportunities. Simultaneous identical portfolio transactions may tend to decrease the prices received, and increase the prices required to be paid. Where less than the maximum desired number of securities to be purchased is available at a favorable price, the securities purchased will be allocated among the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and the Other Clients in accordance with LGIM America's policies and procedures, with the objective of fair and equitable treatment of all clients. All funds and accounts are subject to LGIM America's Allocation Policy and Best Execution Policy, and LGIM America's policies and controls are intended to address the impact of the foregoing and other conflicts of interest. The application of these rules is monitored by LGIM America's Compliance Team.
As a result of the foregoing, LGIM America and the portfolio managers may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time and activity between the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and Other Clients, in allocating investments among the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and Other Clients and in effecting transactions for the Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and the Other Clients, including ones in which LGIM America and the portfolio managers may have a greater financial interest.
Los Angeles Capital
Compensation. SIMC pays Los Angeles Capital a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Los Angeles Capital and SIMC. Los Angeles Capital pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources,
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including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Los Angeles Capital's portfolio managers participate in a competitive compensation program that is aimed at attracting and retaining talented employees with an emphasis on disciplined risk management, ethics and compliance-centered behavior. No component of Los Angeles Capital's compensation policy or payment scheme is tied directly to the performance of one or more client portfolios or funds.
Each of Los Angeles Capital's portfolio managers receives a base salary fixed from year to year. In addition, portfolio managers participate in the Los Angeles Capital's profit sharing plan. The aggregate amount of the contribution to Los Angeles Capital's profit sharing plan is based on overall firm profitability with amounts paid to individual employees based on their relative overall compensation up to applicable legal limits. Each of the portfolio managers also is a shareholder of Los Angeles Capital and receives compensation based upon Los Angeles Capital's overall profits. Certain portfolio managers are also eligible to receive a discretionary bonus from Los Angeles Capital.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Los Angeles Capital's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Small Cap or Small Cap II Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap and Small Cap II Funds, Los Angeles Capital's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Hal W. Reynolds, CFA |
17 |
$ |
9,659 |
20 |
$ |
12,977 |
43 |
$ |
13,279 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
4,962 |
4 |
* |
$ |
1,720 |
9 |
* |
$ |
9,573 |
||||||||||||||||
Daniel E. Allen, CFA |
15 |
$ |
4,641 |
20 |
$ |
12,977 |
36 |
$ |
13,255 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
4 |
* |
$ |
1,720 |
9 |
* |
$ |
9,573 |
|||||||||||||||||
Kristin Ceglar, CFA |
5 |
$ |
5,267 |
2 |
$ |
99 |
14 |
$ |
8,746 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
4,962 |
1 |
* |
$ |
96 |
4 |
* |
$ |
7,673 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Los Angeles Capital has implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which Los Angeles Capital believes are reasonably designed to manage, monitor and prevent the Firm from inappropriately favoring one account over another. Procedures adopted by Los Angeles Capital seek to treat all clients fairly and equally over time and to mitigate conflicts among accounts. Client accounts are managed independent of one another in accordance with client specific mandates, restrictions, and instructions as outlined in the client's investment management agreement, and such restrictions and instructions are monitored for compliance with the client's investment guidelines.
Side-by-side management can result in investment positions or actions taken for one client account that differ from those taken in another client account. For example, one client account can engage in short sales of or take a short position in an investment that at the same time is owned or being purchased long by another client account. However, simultaneously purchasing and selling the same security in the same account without the intent to take a bona fide market position ("wash trades") is prohibited. Accordingly, it is possible for Los Angeles Capital to purchase or sell the same security for different accounts during the same trading day but at different execution prices. These positions and actions can adversely affect or benefit different clients at different times.
Los Angeles Capital manages client accounts that have different investment strategies, objectives, restrictions, constraints, launch dates, and overlapping benchmark constituents. Client accounts also have
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different account trading strategies that include, but are not limited to, varying the frequency and order of account rebalances (e.g., weekly, semi-monthly, monthly, or quarterly), varying the grouping of accounts or markets to be traded within accounts on a particular day (e.g., trading U.S. accounts before global accounts, or rotating weeks between strategies), varying account turnover, aggregating trades lists, aggregating specific names within trade lists, varying names traded as a block, using third-party algorithms, use of limit-orders, and adjusting executing broker trade strategy instructions. The Firm reserves the right to explore trading strategies, methods, and processes to further its best execution mandate for client accounts. Given these customizations and differences, it is possible that Los Angeles Capital may be purchasing or holding a security for one account and simultaneously selling the same security for another account.
The decision as to which accounts participate in an investment opportunity will take into account, among other things, the quantitative model's outlook on the account's strategy, the account's investment guidelines, and risk metrics. Global accounts' orders are sent to the market simultaneously subject to prevailing market conditions, client flows, and liquidity. Emerging markets account orders are aggregated during account rebalances, but Los Angeles Capital is not required to do so.
While each client account is managed individually, with trade allocation determined prior to placing each trade with the broker, Los Angeles Capital may, at any given time, purchase or sell the same security in a block that is allocated amongst multiple accounts. Los Angeles Capital will generally execute transactions for clients on an aggregate basis when it believes that to do so would allow it to obtain best execution and remain consistent with the account's investment guidelines. As such, Los Angeles Capital, from time to time, evaluates account trade lists for sizable or potentially illiquid transactions that may be aggregated among several concurrent account rebalances. There are a number of variables that can influence a decision to aggregate purchases or sales into a block, including but not limited to, order size, liquidity, client trading directives, regulatory limitations, round lot requirements, and cash flows. When there is decision making on whether to include or exclude certain accounts from a block transaction, there is always the potential for conflicts of interest. Furthermore, the effect of trade aggregation may work on some occasions to the account's disadvantage. Los Angeles Capital's policies and procedures in allocating trades are structured to treat all clients fairly. Los Angeles Capital is not required to aggregate any particular trade. For example, an account with directed brokerage may not participate in certain block trades. The implementation of portfolio decisions is decided without consideration of the Firm's (or any of its personnel's) pecuniary investment, or other financial interests, including without consideration of the different fees or compensation the Firm receives from clients. Furthermore, Los Angeles Capital does not invest the assets of separately managed client accounts in commingled funds sponsored by Los Angeles Capital.
The firm's strategies predominantly invest in liquid common stocks. Based on a variety of factors including the strategy, guidelines, risk metrics and turnover goals, Los Angeles Capital determines the trading frequency for each account. Most accounts currently trade at least semi-monthly and others may trade more or less frequently depending on such things as turnover goals, market conditions and other factors unique to the strategy or markets in which they are invested.
Los Angeles Capital has designed a proprietary Brokerage Allocation Randomization system for objectively pairing which equity broker-dealer to use when executing an account's transactions based on regional market eligibility/suitability characteristics, as well as perceived execution capability of the equity broker-dealer in such regional markets. Los Angeles Capital's proprietary accounts, which are invested in liquid, benchmark securities, may be traded in rotation with client accounts or on a particular day of the week depending on liquidity, size, and model constraints. The order of account rebalances may work on some occasions to the account's advantage or disadvantage.
Los Angeles Capital's portfolio managers manage accounts that are charged a performance-based fee alongside accounts in the same strategy with standard asset-based fee schedules. While performance-based fee arrangements may be viewed as creating an incentive to favor certain accounts over others in the allocation of investment opportunities, Los Angeles Capital has adopted policies and procedures that that are reasonably designed to monitor and prevent the Firm from inappropriately favoring one account over another. Management and performance fees inure to the benefit of Los Angeles Capital as a whole and not to specific individuals or
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groups of individuals. Further, Los Angeles Capital employs a quantitative investment process which utilizes Los Angeles Capital's proprietary investment model technology to identify securities that will be used to and construct a portfolio.
Los Angeles Capital has adopted a Code of Ethics that includes procedures on ethical conduct and personal trading and requires pre-clearance authorization from both the Trading and Compliance and Regulatory Risk Departments for certain personal security transactions. Nonetheless, because the Code of Ethics in some circumstances would permit employees to invest in the same securities as clients, there is a possibility that employees might benefit from market activity by a client in a security held by an employee. Employee trading is monitored under the Code of Ethics, and is designed to reasonably identify and prevent conflicts of interest between the firm and its clients.
Investment personnel of Los Angeles Capital or its affiliate may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. There is a potential risk that Los Angeles Capital personnel may place their own interests (resulting from outside employment/directorships) ahead of the interests of Los Angeles Capital clients. Before engaging in any outside business activity, employees must obtain approval of the CCO as well as other personnel. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement are monitored for compliance with Los Angeles Capital's Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics also governs employees giving or accepting gifts and entertainment.
LSV
Compensation. SIMC pays LSV a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between LSV and SIMC. LSV pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
LSV's portfolio managers' compensation consists of a fixed salary and discretionary bonus. Each of the portfolio managers is a partner of LSV and thereby receives a portion of the overall profit of the firm as part of his ownership interests. The bonus is based upon the profitability of the firm and individual performance. None of the portfolio managers' compensation is based on the performance of, or the value of assets held in, the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds.
Individual performance is subjective and may be based on a number of factors, such as the individual's leadership and contribution to the strategic planning and development of the investment group. The portfolio managers' compensation is not tied to any one account, including the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds, and bonuses are not awarded or calculated based upon performance.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, LSV's portfolio managers have the opportunity to participate in the 401(k) plan sponsored by SEI Investments. Such plan could utilize some of the funds offered by the Trust. As such, as of the end of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds' most recently completed fiscal year, LSV's portfolio managers may beneficially own shares of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds, LSV's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Josef Lakonishok, Ph.D. |
29 |
$ |
14,093 |
60 |
$ |
22,636 |
295 |
$ |
57,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
6 |
†* |
$ |
2,160 |
60 |
* |
$ |
14,532 |
|||||||||||||||||
Menno Vermeulen, CFA |
29 |
$ |
14,093 |
60 |
$ |
22,636 |
295 |
$ |
57,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
6 |
†* |
$ |
2,160 |
60 |
* |
$ |
14,532 |
|||||||||||||||||
Puneet Mansharamani, CFA |
29 |
$ |
14,093 |
60 |
$ |
22,636 |
295 |
$ |
57,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
6 |
†* |
$ |
2,160 |
60 |
* |
$ |
14,532 |
|||||||||||||||||
Greg Sleight |
29 |
$ |
14,093 |
60 |
$ |
22,636 |
295 |
$ |
57,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
6 |
†* |
$ |
2,160 |
60 |
* |
$ |
14,532 |
|||||||||||||||||
Guy Lakonishok, CFA |
29 |
$ |
14,093 |
60 |
$ |
22,636 |
295 |
$ |
57,739 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
6 |
†* |
$ |
2,160 |
60 |
* |
$ |
14,532 |
|||||||||||||||||
Jason Karceski, Ph.D. |
4 |
$ |
813 |
3 |
$ |
747 |
11 |
$ |
829 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† These accounts are Limited Partnerships to which LSV acts as General Partner and are an aggregation of underlying investors who have negotiated a performance fee.
Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers' management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds' investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts include separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds or hold, purchase or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. While the portfolio managers' management of other accounts may give rise to the following potential conflicts of interest, LSV does not believe that the conflicts, if any, are material or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, LSV believes that it has designed policies and procedures to manage those conflicts in an appropriate way.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers' day-to-day management of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. Because of their positions with the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. However, LSV has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio managers' management of the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow them to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that LSV or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their
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management of the other accounts than the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds. Notwithstanding this theoretical conflict of interest, it is LSV's policy to manage each account based on its investment objectives and related restrictions and, as discussed above, LSV has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time and in a manner consistent with each account's investment objectives and related restrictions. For example, while the portfolio managers may buy for other accounts securities that differ in identity or quantity from securities bought for the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds, such an approach might not be suitable for the Large Cap, Small Cap, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Managed Volatility, Global Managed Volatility and World Select Equity Funds given their investment objectives and related restrictions.
The same team of portfolio managers is responsible for the day-to-day management of all of LSV's accounts. LSV uses a proprietary quantitative investment model to manage all of LSV's accounts. LSV relies extensively on its quantitative investment model regarding the advisability of investing in a particular company. Any investment decisions are generally made based on whether a buy or sell signal is received from the proprietary quantitative investment model. Accounts or funds with performance-based fees and accounts or funds in which employees may be invested could create an incentive to favor those accounts or funds over other accounts or funds in the allocation of investment opportunities. In addition, it is possible that a short position may be taken on a security that is held long in another portfolio. LSV seeks to make allocations of investment opportunities in a manner that it considers fair, reasonable and equitable without favoring or disfavoring, consistently or consciously, any particular client. LSV has procedures designed to ensure that all clients are treated fairly and to prevent these potential conflicts from influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among clients. On a quarterly basis, LSV's Forensic Testing Committee, consisting of the Chief Compliance Officer, Compliance Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Compliance Analyst, reviews, among other things, allocations of investment opportunities among clients and allocations of partially-filled block trades, including allocations to accounts or funds with performance-based fees or in which employees may be invested, to confirm consistency with LSV's policies and procedures.
LSV provides model portfolios to a number of clients, (each a "Model Adviser" and collectively the "Model Advisers") including SIMC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEI. These model portfolios are currently utilized in relation to a managed account program and several registered investment company sub-advisory relationships and may be offered in additional ways in the future. The model portfolios utilize some of the same strategies that are offered to LSV's other accounts. After LSV has provided the model portfolio to the Model Adviser, both initially and at each rebalance of the model portfolio, the Model Adviser or its delegates determine the timing and manner of purchase or sale with respect to the model portfolio recommendations. Some Model Advisers may generally implement the model portfolio recommendations as provided by LSV, while others may retain complete discretion as to the extent to which the model recommendations are implemented. The portfolio management team maintains a calendar of rebalance dates for the model portfolios similar to other LSV portfolios. In order to seek to ensure the fair treatment of all clients, LSV provides model portfolios to the Model Advisers on a staggered schedule relative to our other portfolios, so that the Portfolio Management Team delivers the model portfolios on a rebalance schedule that differs from the rebalance schedule of the other portfolios. As a result, the model portfolios may experience different account performance, including potentially less favorable prices, than LSV's accounts that it trades directly. However, the same software and procedures that are used for other LSV portfolios are also used with respect to the model portfolios. In addition, the model portfolios are constructed based on the most up-to-date rankings in LSV's quantitative investment model. LSV's policies require that the Chief Compliance Officer be made aware of any changes to this process.
On a quarterly basis, LSV's Forensic Testing Committee reviews a report which shows the timing of the submission of the model portfolios with respect to the rebalancing of certain portfolios in applicable strategies actively managed by LSV and the timing of the submission of model portfolios in the same strategies sent to the Model Advisers to be used to rebalance the applicable model portfolios.
LSV or its funds may contract for services with an entity or person with whom LSV or its employees has a relationship or from which LSV or its employees otherwise derives financial or other benefits. The existence of
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and nature of such relationships raises conflicts of interest between LSV and/or its employees, on the one hand, and LSV's clients and funds, on the other hand, in determining whether to engage such service providers and, if engaged, on what terms and conditions. LSV or its employees may, because of its or such person's financial or other benefits, have an incentive to engage a service provider even if a different entity or person is more qualified to provide the applicable services and/or can provide such services at a lesser cost. These entities are subject to the same vendor management policies and procedures that apply to all third party vendors, which are designed to manage any such conflict, including an annual review by persons at LSV that do not have such a conflict. For example, LSV currently has a relationship with a data services provider in which certain of LSV's employees have a minority investment. The services are provided directly to and paid for by LSV and not any client or fund. LSV believes the services offered by the provider are at least as good as or better than the services provided by the provider's competitors and that the provider's services have comparable (or in some cases, more desirable) terms and conditions.
Mackenzie
Compensation. SIMC pays Mackenzie a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Mackenzie and SIMC. Mackenzie pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Mackenzie's portfolio managers are paid fixed and variable compensation. Such variable compensation is calculated by reference to: (i) a peer relative ranking that the portfolio managers achieve in the relevant strategy, and (ii) sales related factors. The peer relative ranking element is determined by comparing the performance (net of non-reclaimable withholdings taxes) of a representative account in the relevant strategy against the investment performance generated by peer investment managers in similar strategies.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Mackenzie's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, Mackenzie's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Arup Datta, CFA |
2 |
$ |
766 |
42 |
$ |
7,132 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Nicholas Tham, CFA |
2 |
$ |
766 |
42 |
$ |
7,132 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† Mackenzie utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed in the table is jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts may arise in situations where the interests of Mackenzie and those of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund are inconsistent. For example, a conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Mackenzie's management of the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Mackenzie to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Mackenzie or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. Mackenzie (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund. To the extent
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a particular investment is suitable for both the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund and the other accounts on a pro rata basis. If a pure pro-rata allocation is not feasible, allocations are made on an otherwise fair and equitable basis.
Generally, Mackenzie takes steps to identify all existing material conflicts of interest and those that are reasonably expected to arise. To address and manage these conflicts, Mackenzie maintains policies and procedures to ensure that the firm manages all accounts in a manner consistent with the fiduciary duties Mackenzie owes its clients and with all applicable laws.
Manulife
Compensation. SIMC pays Manulife a fee based on the assets under management of the Opportunistic Income Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Manulife and SIMC. Manulife pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Opportunistic Income Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Manulife has designed its compensation plan to effectively attract, retain and reward top investment talent. The incentive plan is designed to align and reward investment teams that deliver consistent value added performance for the company's clients and partners through world-class investment strategies and solutions.
Investment professionals are compensated with a combination of base salary, short-term and long-term incentives as detailed below.
Base salaries
Base salaries are market-based and salary ranges are periodically reviewed. Individual salary adjustments are based on individual performance against mutually-agreed-upon objectives and development of technical skills.
Incentives—Short-and Long-Term
All investment professionals (including portfolio managers, analysts and traders) are eligible for participation in a short and long term investment incentive plan. These incentives are tied to performance against various objective and subjective measures, including:
• Investment Performance—Performance of portfolios managed by the investment team. This is the most heavily weighted factor and it is measured relative to an appropriate benchmark or universe over established time periods.
• Financial Performance—Performance of Manulife and its parent corporation.
• Non-Investment Performance—Derived from the contributions an investment professional brings to Manulife Investment Management.
Awards under this plan include:
• Annual Cash Awards
• Deferred Incentives—One hundred percent of this portion of the award is invested in strategies managed by the team/individual as well as other Manulife strategies.
• Manulife equity awards—Investment professionals that are considered officers of Manulife receive a portion of their award in Manulife Restricted Share Units or stock options. This plan is based on the value of the underlying common shares of Manulife.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Manulife portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Opportunistic Income Fund.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Opportunistic Income Fund, Manulife's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
David Bees, CFA |
2 |
$ |
995.6 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Connor Minnaar, CFA |
2 |
$ |
995.6 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† Manulife utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed above are jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. Manulife's and the portfolio managers' management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Opportunistic Income Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts include registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and various institutional clients. Any such conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Manulife or the portfolio managers receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Opportunistic Income Fund.
Manulife and the portfolio managers may invest for other accounts in debt obligations that would be appropriate for the Opportunistic Income Fund and have no duty, in making such investments, to act in a way that is favorable to the Opportunistic Income Fund or investors in the Opportunistic Income Fund. Such investments may be different from those made on behalf of the Opportunistic Income Fund. Manulife and its affiliates may have economic interests in or other relationships with issuers in whose obligations or securities the Opportunistic Income Fund may invest. In particular, such persons may make or hold an investment in an issuer's securities that may be pari passu, senior or junior in ranking to an investment in such issuer's securities made or held by the Opportunistic Income Fund or in which affiliates of such persons serve on boards of directors or otherwise have ongoing relationships. Each of such ownership and other relationships, including the ownership by Manulife, its affiliates or other accounts of securities of different ranking and with different rights than those owned by the Opportunistic Income Fund, may result in securities laws restrictions on transactions in such securities by the Opportunistic Income Fund and otherwise create conflicts of interest for the Opportunistic Income Fund. In such instances, Manulife and its affiliates may, in their discretion, make investment decisions that may be the same as or different from those made with respect to the Opportunistic Income Fund's investments.
Although Manulife and the portfolio managers will commit a significant amount of their efforts to the management of the Opportunistic Income Fund, they will manage other accounts and are not required (and will not be able) to devote all of their time to the management of the Opportunistic Income Fund. The portfolio managers may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among the Opportunistic Income Fund and the other accounts.
Manulife or any of its affiliates may from time to time simultaneously or at different times seek to purchase or sell investments for the Opportunistic Income Fund and the other accounts. It is Manulife's policy to allocate investment opportunities to the extent practicable to each account, including the Opportunistic Income Fund, over time in a manner that Manulife believes is fair and equitable to each such account (considering applicable account investment constraints). Nevertheless, under some circumstances, such allocation may adversely affect the Opportunistic Income Fund with respect to the price or size of the investments obtainable or saleable.
Mar Vista
Compensation. SIMC pays Mar Vista a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Mar Vista and SIMC. Mar Vista pays its investment
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professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The investment team receives compensation consisting of salary, bonus and equity distributions. Mar Vista is majority employee-owned and the investment team is therefore rewarded based on annual profit distributions. The investment team is evaluated based on the overall performance of the strategies rather than individual contributions. Mar Vista believes equity ownership by the investment team is a unique and powerful attribute in an investment management firm.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Mar Vista's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Fund, Mar Vista's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Silas A. Myers, CFA |
3 |
$ |
448.4 |
2 |
$ |
115.0 |
334 |
$ |
3,250.3 |
||||||||||||||||||
Brian L. Massey, CFA |
3 |
$ |
448.4 |
2 |
$ |
115.0 |
334 |
$ |
3,250.3 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Large Cap Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Large Cap Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Mar Vista's management of the Large Cap Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Mar Vista to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the Large Cap Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Mar Vista or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts than the Large Cap Fund. Mar Vista may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the Large Cap Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for the Large Cap Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the Large Cap Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Mar Vista determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the Large Cap Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Mar Vista has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Mar Vista is dedicated to providing effective and professional investment advisory services to its clients and is dependent upon a high level of public and client confidence for its success. That confidence can only be maintained if the Mar Vista's supervised persons observe the highest standards of ethical behavior in the performance of their duties. Mar Vista has the obligation to exercise its authority for the benefit of its clients, to place the interest of its clients before its own and to refrain from having outside interests that conflict with the interests of its clients. Mar Vista and its supervised persons must avoid any circumstances that might adversely affect or appear to affect Mar Vista's duty of complete loyalty to clients.
Marathon
Compensation. SIMC pays Marathon a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Marathon and SIMC. Marathon pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. Such compensation consists of an annual salary and a discretionary year-end bonus for Marathon's employees. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Marathon's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Marathon's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Lou Hanover |
8 |
$ |
948.63 |
110 |
$ |
19,912.06 |
27 |
$ |
3,486.82 |
||||||||||||||||||
3 |
$ |
370.09 |
79 |
* |
$ |
15,019.58 |
12 |
* |
$ |
1,664.31 |
|||||||||||||||||
Andrew Szmulewicz |
7 |
$ |
779.56 |
13 |
$ |
4,324.87 |
16 |
$ |
1,824.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
2 |
$ |
201.03 |
9 |
* |
$ |
2,169.96 |
7 |
* |
$ |
602.35 |
|||||||||||||||||
Fernando Phillips |
7 |
$ |
779.56 |
13 |
$ |
4,324.87 |
16 |
$ |
1,824.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
2 |
$ |
201.03 |
9 |
* |
$ |
2,169.96 |
7 |
* |
$ |
602.35 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Please note that the number of accounts and corresponding AUM listed in the above table includes each individual entity related to that fund or account. For instance, in the case of a master fund with two related feeders, Marathon has counted three accounts.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies for which Marathon serves as sub-advisor, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. Marathon has adopted aggregation and allocation of investments procedures designed to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly and equitably over time and to prevent this form of conflict from influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among its clients. As a general matter, Marathon will offer clients the right to participate in all investment opportunities that it determines are appropriate for the client in view of relative amounts of capital available for new investments, each client's investment program, and the then current portfolios of its clients at the time an allocation decision is made. As a result, in certain situations priority or weighted allocations can be expected to occur in respect of certain accounts, including but not limited to situations where clients have differing: (A) portfolio concentrations with respect to geography, asset class, issuer, sector or rating, (B) investment restrictions, (C) tax or regulatory limitations, (D) leverage limitations or volatility targets, (E) ramp up or ramp down scenarios or (F) counterparty relationships. Marathon maintains conflicts of interest policies and procedures containing provisions designed to prevent potential conflicts related to personal trading, allocation, and fees among other potential conflicts of interest. Such potential conflicts and others are disclosed in Marathon's Form ADV Part 2A filing.
Martingale
Compensation. SIMC pays Martingale a fee based on the assets under management of the Small Cap Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Martingale and SIMC. Martingale pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Small Cap Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Compensation. Martingale's compensation approach aims to foster team building and promote collaboration among employees to best serve Martingale's clients. Firmwide, Martingale's compensation structure includes annual base salary and attractive employee benefits, plus opportunities to receive additional compensation in the form of an annual bonus, a tax-deferred SEP retirement plan and participation in the firm's profitability through equity ownership. Changes in salary and bonuses are based on traditional employee performance evaluation criteria that consider an individual's performance and contributions within his/her immediate area of responsibility as well as broader contributions to Martingale's overall success. In addition,
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attractive non-financial benefits are provided to all employees. Within the Investment Team, compensation considerations include contributions to investment research, product development, implementation, and the success of Martingale's investment strategies.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Mr. Eysenbach and the investment team did not beneficially own any shares of the Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Small Cap Fund, Martingale's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Eysenbach, CFA |
1 |
$ |
279.42 |
10 |
$ |
1,656.88 |
18 |
$ |
2,859.66 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
599.66 |
1 |
* |
$ |
174.66 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio manager's management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with the management of the Small Cap Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts include all other Martingale accounts. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives as the Small Cap Fund or hold, purchase or sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Small Cap Fund. While the portfolio manager's management of other accounts may give rise to the following potential conflicts of interest, Martingale does not believe that the conflicts, if any, are material or, to the extent any such conflicts are material, Martingale believes that it has designed policies and procedures to manage conflicts in an appropriate way.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager's day-to-day management of the Small Cap Fund. Because of the position with the Small Cap Fund, the portfolio manager knows the size, timing and possible market impact of Small Cap Fund trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts managed and to the possible detriment of the Small Cap Fund. However, Martingale has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities on a fair and equitable basis over time.
MetWest
Compensation. SIMC pays MetWest a fee based on the assets under management of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Limited Duration Bond Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between MetWest and SIMC. MetWest pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Limited Duration Bond Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Because MetWest is a subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc. ("TCW"), MetWest's investment professionals are compensated under the TCW compensation structure as detailed below.
The overall objective of TCW's compensation program for portfolio managers is to attract experienced and expert investment professionals and to retain them over the long-term. Compensation is comprised of several components which, in the aggregate, are designed to achieve these objectives and to reward the portfolio managers for their contributions to the successful performance of the accounts they manage. Portfolio managers are compensated through a combination of base salary, fee sharing based compensation ("fee sharing"), bonus and equity incentive participation in TCW's parent company ("equity incentives"). Fee sharing and equity incentives generally represent most of the portfolio managers' compensation. In some cases, portfolio managers are eligible for discretionary bonuses.
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Salary. Salary is agreed to with portfolio managers at the time of employment and is reviewed from time to time. It does not change significantly and often does not constitute a significant part of a portfolio manager's compensation.
Fee sharing. Fee sharing for investment professionals is based on revenues generated by accounts in the investment strategy area for which the investment professionals are responsible. In most cases, revenues are allocated to a pool and fee sharing compensation is allocated among members of the investment team after the deduction of certain expenses (including compensation over a threshold level) related to the strategy group. The allocations are based on the investment professionals' contribution to TCW and its clients, including qualitative and quantitative contributions.
In general, the same fee sharing percentage is used to compensate a portfolio manager for investment services related to a Fund as that used to compensate portfolio managers for other client accounts in the same strategy managed by TCW or an affiliate of TCW (collectively, the "TCW Group"). In some cases, the fee sharing pool includes revenues related to more than one product, in which case each participant in the pool is entitled to fee sharing derived from his or her contributions to all the included products.
Investment professionals are not directly compensated for generating performance fees. In some cases, the overall fee sharing pool is subject to fluctuation based on the relative pre-tax performance of the investment strategy composite returns, net of fees and expenses, to that of the benchmark. The measurement of performance relative to the benchmark can be based on single year or multiple year metrics, or a combination thereof. The benchmark used is the one associated with the Fund managed by the portfolio manager as disclosed in the prospectus. Benchmarks vary from strategy to strategy but, within a given strategy, the same benchmark applies to all accounts, including the Funds.
Discretionary Bonus/Guaranteed Minimums. Discretionary bonuses may be paid out of an investment team's fee sharing pool, as determined by the supervisor(s) in the department. In other cases where portfolio managers do not receive fee sharing or where it is determined that the combination of salary and fee sharing does not adequately compensate the portfolio manager, discretionary bonuses may be paid by the applicable TCW entity. Also, pursuant to contractual arrangements, some portfolio managers received minimum bonuses.
Equity Incentives. Management believes that equity ownership aligns the interests of portfolio managers with the interests of the firm and its clients. Accordingly, TCW Group's key investment professionals participate in equity incentives through ownership or participation in restricted unit plans that vest over time or unit appreciation plans of TCW's parent company. The plans include the Fixed Income Retention Plan, Restricted Unit Plan and 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan.
Under the Fixed Income Retention Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income area were awarded cash and/or partnership units in TCW's parent company, either on a contractually-determined basis or on a discretionary basis. Awards under this plan were made in 2010 that vest over time.
Under the Restricted Unit Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded partnership units in TCW's parent company. Awards under this plan have vested over time, subject to satisfaction of performance criteria.
Under the 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded options to acquire partnership units in TCW's parent company with a strike price equal to the fair market value of the option at the date of grant. The options granted under this plan are subject to vesting and other conditions. Other Plans and Compensation Vehicles. Portfolio managers may also elect to participate in the applicable TCW Group's 401(k) plan, to which they may contribute a portion of their pre- and post-tax compensation to the plan for investment on a tax-deferred basis.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, MetWest's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit or Limited Duration Bond Funds.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Core Fixed Income, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit and Limited Duration Bond Funds, MetWest's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Stephen Kane, CFA |
25 |
$ |
74,287.1 |
23 |
$ |
15,356.3 |
171 |
$ |
47,833.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
272.8 |
9 |
* |
$ |
4,268.4 |
|||||||||||||||||
Bryan Whalen, CFA |
24 |
$ |
75,586.8 |
31 |
$ |
17,766.9 |
212 |
$ |
62,183.5 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
4 |
* |
$ |
475.3 |
11 |
* |
$ |
6,913.3 |
|||||||||||||||||
Jerry Cudzil |
24 |
$ |
74,512.9 |
32 |
$ |
21,282.2 |
183 |
$ |
50,591.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
8 |
* |
$ |
3,192.7 |
6 |
* |
$ |
3,248.4 |
|||||||||||||||||
Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA |
23 |
$ |
73,956.5 |
19 |
$ |
15,581.3 |
167 |
$ |
45,725.1 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
272.8 |
6 |
* |
$ |
3,248.4 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. TCW's approach to handling conflicts of interest is multi-layered starting with its policies and procedures, the maintenance of a conflicts of interest matrix, reporting and pre-clearance of personal trading and oversight by various committees. On an annual basis TCW reviews its conflicts of interests across its products and businesses, and may update and add specific conflicts of interests pertaining to new products, regulatory priorities, market events, etc. TCW has policies and controls to avoid and/or mitigate conflicts of interest across its businesses. The policies and procedures in TCW's Code of Ethics (the "Code") serve to address or mitigate both conflicts of interest and the appearance of any conflict of interest. The Code contains several restrictions and procedures designed to eliminate conflicts of interest relating to personal investment transactions, including (i) reporting account openings, changes, or closings (including accounts in which an Access Person has a "beneficial interest"), (ii) pre-clearance of non-exempt personal investment transactions (make a personal trade request for Securities) and (iii) the completion of timely required reporting (Initial Holdings Report, Quarterly Transactions Report, Annual Holdings Report and Annual Certificate of Compliance).
In addition, the Code addresses potential conflicts of interest through its policies on insider trading, anti-corruption, an employee's outside business activities, political activities and contributions, confidentiality and whistleblower provisions.
Conflicts of interest may also arise in the management of accounts and investment vehicles. These conflicts may raise questions that would allow TCW to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors certain accounts or investment vehicles over other accounts or investment vehicles, or incentivize a TCW portfolio manager to receive greater compensation with regard to the management of certain account or investment vehicles. TCW may give advice or take action with certain accounts or investment vehicles that could differ from the advice given or action taken on other accounts or investment vehicles.
When an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one account or investment vehicle, such investments will be allocated in a manner that is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all TCW clients. As such, TCW has adopted policies and procedures around portfolio management and trading and brokerage to address most of these potential conflicts. In addition, TCW has created various committees to review trading and brokerage, the allocation of investment opportunities, performance dispersion, allocation dispersion, cross trades, performance fees and address other issues generally associated with side-by-side management in order to ensure that all of TCW's clients are treated on a fair and equitable basis.
The respective Equity and Fixed Income Trading and Allocation Committees review trading activities on behalf of client accounts, including the allocation of investment opportunities and address any issues with regard to side-by-side management in order to ensure that all of TCW's clients are treated on a fair and equitable
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basis. Further, the Portfolio Analytics Committee reviews TCW's investment strategies, evaluates various analytics to facilitate risk assessment, changes to performance composites and benchmarks and monitors the implementation and maintenance of the Global Investment Performance Standards or GIPS compliance.
MIM
Compensation. SIMC pays MIM a fee based on the assets under management of the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between MIM and SIMC. MIM pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. The following information relates to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.
MIM is a wholly owned subsidiary of MetLife and as such, its compensation program is the same as MetLife's. The compensation program is a combination of short and long term elements to compensate investment professionals, and non-investment professionals, based on the overall financial success of the firm. The incentive program is primarily comprised of three elements:
(i) Base salary: Base salaries are generally reviewed annually and are based on market competitiveness.
(ii) Short term awards: Individual awards in the form of an annual cash bonus are discretionary and non-formulaic based on firm as well as individual performance. Bonus compensation for senior investment professionals comprises a majority of their total compensation. This portion of compensation is determined subjectively based on qualitative and quantitative factors. Compensation is impacted by the performance of investments under management (i.e., delivering investment performance to clients consistent with portfolio objectives, guidelines and risk parameters) as well as an individual's qualitative contributions to the organization.
(iii) Long term awards: Senior level employees are eligible to receive long term equity incentives. These create the motivation for strong individual and business performance over time and the opportunity for long-term alignment with shareholder return and employee retention.
An investment professional's short and long term awards and compensation are not tied to any pre-determined or specified level of investment performance.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, MIM's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond or Intermediate Duration Credit Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, MIM's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Scott Pavlak, CFA |
3 |
$ |
1,856.0 |
4 |
$ |
427.5 |
47 |
$ |
12,780.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
Juan Peruyero |
3 |
$ |
1,856.0 |
4 |
$ |
427.5 |
47 |
$ |
12,780.7 |
||||||||||||||||||
Stephen A Mullin, CFA |
1 |
$ |
498.9 |
8 |
$ |
7,117.6 |
80 |
$ |
28,364.8 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
418.8 |
||||||||||||||||||
Joshua Lofgren, CFA |
11 |
$ |
4,048.9 |
8 |
$ |
890.6 |
33 |
$ |
8,923.4 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
201.1 |
1 |
$ |
27.0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
1,275.6 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
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Conflicts of Interest. Real, potential or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or account. MIM is wholly owned by MetLife and is part of MetLife Investment Management, MetLife's institutional investment management business, and is affiliated with many types of U.S. and non-U.S. financial service providers, including other investment advisers, broker-dealers and insurance companies.
MetLife affiliates also invest their own capital in a broad range of investments. These investments may give rise to numerous situations where interests may conflict, including issues arising out of the investments of MetLife affiliates in entities or assets in which the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds may invest or MIM may be prohibited from pursuing certain investment opportunities for the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds due to regulatory or legal restrictions or constraints that may not have been applicable had MetLife affiliates not also invested in the same entity.
MIM has adopted procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws and to mitigate the potential for conflicts of interest to affect portfolio management decisions; however, there can be no assurance that all conflicts will be identified or that all procedures will be effective in mitigating the potential for such risks.
MIM and/or its affiliates manage certain accounts subject to performance-based fees or may have proprietary investments in certain accounts. The side-by-side management of the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and these other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of investment opportunities because of market factors or investment restrictions. The performance of the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds' investments could be adversely affected by the manner in which MIM and/or its affiliates enter particular orders for all such accounts. Allocations of aggregated trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially completed due to limited supply and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as MIM and/or its affiliates may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to favored accounts. A potential conflict of interest also may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by another account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. The less liquid the market for the security or the greater the percentage that the proposed aggregate purchases or sales represent of average daily trading volume, the greater the potential for accounts that make subsequent purchases or sales to receive a less favorable price.
MIM and its affiliates have adopted a policy to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner among client accounts. Orders for the same security on the same day are generally aggregated consistent with MIM's duty of best execution; however, purchases of fixed income securities cannot always be allocated pro rata across all client accounts with similar investment strategies and objectives. MIM will attempt to mitigate any potential unfairness using an objective methodology that in the good faith judgment of MIM permits a fair and equitable allocation over time.
MIM will manage the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds and other client accounts in accordance with their respective investment objectives and guidelines. As a result, MIM and/or its affiliates may give advice, and take action with respect to any current or future other client accounts that may be opposed to or conflict with the advice MIM may give to the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds, or may involve a different timing or nature of action than with respect to the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. Where a portfolio manager is responsible for accounts with differing investment objectives and policies, it is possible that the portfolio manager will conclude that it is in the best interest of one account to sell a portfolio security while another account continues to hold or increases the
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holding in such security. The results of the investment activities of the Core Fixed Income, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Long Duration Credit, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds may differ significantly from the results achieved by MIM and/or its affiliates for other client accounts.
NBIA
Compensation. SIMC pays NBIA a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between NBIA and SIMC. NBIA pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
Compensation of Portfolio Managers
NBIA Compensation of Portfolio Managers
NBIA's compensation philosophy is one that focuses on rewarding performance and incentivizing its employees. NBIA is also focused on creating a compensation process that NBIA believes is fair, transparent, and competitive with the market.
Compensation for Portfolio Managers consists of either (i) fixed (salary) and variable (discretionary bonus) compensation but is more heavily weighted on the variable portion of total compensation, (ii) on a production model, whereby formulaic compensation is paid from the team compensation pool on a fixed schedule (typically monthly) or (iii) a combination of salary, bonus and/or production compensation.
Compensation is paid from a team compensation pool made available to the portfolio management team with which the Portfolio Manager is associated. The size of the team compensation pool is determined based on a formula that takes into consideration a number of factors including the pre-tax revenue that is generated by that particular portfolio management team, less certain adjustments. The amount allocated to individual Portfolio Managers is determined on the basis of a variety of criteria, including investment performance (including the aggregate multi-year track record), utilization of central resources (including research, sales and operations/support), business building to further the longer term sustainable success of the investment team, effective team/people management, and overall contribution to the success of NBIA. Certain Portfolio Managers may manage products other than mutual funds, such as high net worth separate accounts. The share of pre-tax revenue a Portfolio Manager receives pursuant to any such arrangement will vary based on certain revenue thresholds.
The terms of NBIA's long-term retention incentives are as follows:
Employee-Owned Equity. Certain employees (primarily senior leadership and investment professionals) participate in Neuberger Berman Organization's ("NB") equity ownership structure, which was launched as part of the firm's management buyout in 2009 and designed to incentivize and retain key personnel.
NBIA also offers an equity acquisition program which allows employees a more direct opportunity to invest in NB.
For confidentiality and privacy reasons, NBIA cannot disclose individual equity holdings or program participation.
Contingent Compensation. Certain employees may participate in NB's Contingent Compensation Plan (the "CCP") to serve as a means to further align the interests of NBIA's employees with the success of the firm and the interests of NBIA's clients, and to reward continued employment. Under the CCP, up to 20% of a participant's annual total compensation in excess of $500,000 is contingent and subject to vesting. The contingent amounts are maintained in a notional account that is tied to the performance of a portfolio of NB
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investment strategies as specified by the firm on an employee-by-employee basis. By having a participant's contingent compensation tied to NB investment strategies, each employee is given further incentive to operate as a prudent risk manager and to collaborate with colleagues to maximize performance across all business areas. In the case of members of investment teams, including Portfolio Managers, the CCP is currently structured so that such employees have exposure to the investment strategies of their respective teams as well as the broader NB portfolio.
Restrictive Covenants. Most investment professionals, including Portfolio Managers, are subject to notice periods and restrictive covenants which include employee and client non-solicit restrictions as well as restrictions on the use of confidential information. In addition, depending on participation levels, certain senior professionals who have received equity grants have also agreed to additional notice and transition periods and, in some cases, non-compete restrictions. For confidentiality and privacy reasons, NBIA cannot disclose individual restrictive covenant arrangements.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, NBIA's portfolio managers for the Fund did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, NBIA's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Rob Drijkoningen |
2 |
$ |
476 |
30 |
$ |
13,808 |
31 |
$ |
8,929 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
4 |
* |
$ |
1,044 |
||||||||||||||||||
Gorky Urquieta |
2 |
$ |
476 |
30 |
$ |
13,808 |
31 |
$ |
8,929 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
4 |
* |
$ |
1,044 |
||||||||||||||||||
Jennifer Gorgoll, CFA |
2 |
$ |
446 |
16 |
$ |
8,328 |
4 |
$ |
1,684 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
634 |
1 |
* |
$ |
21 |
|||||||||||||||||
Raoul Luttik |
2 |
$ |
446 |
13 |
$ |
3,335 |
5 |
$ |
2,291 |
||||||||||||||||||
Nish Popat |
2 |
$ |
446 |
15 |
$ |
7,023 |
9 |
$ |
2,143 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
394 |
||||||||||||||||||
Prashant Singh, CFA |
1 |
$ |
297 |
5 |
$ |
340 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Bart van der Made, CFA |
2 |
$ |
454 |
20 |
$ |
11,652 |
20 |
$ |
5,781 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
628 |
||||||||||||||||||
Vera Kartseva, CFA |
2 |
$ |
446 |
8 |
$ |
1,425 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Other Accounts include: Institutional Separate Accounts and Managed Accounts (WRAP), where managed accounts are counted as one account per strategy per managed account platform.
Conflicts of Interest. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a Portfolio Manager for NBIA has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. The management of multiple funds and accounts (including proprietary accounts) may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest if the funds and accounts have different or similar objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees, as the Portfolio Manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The Portfolio Manager may execute transactions for another fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities or instruments held by a fund, and which may include transactions that are directly contrary to the positions taken by a fund. For example, a Portfolio Manager may engage in short sales of securities or instruments for another account that are the same type of securities or instruments in which a fund it manages also invests. In such a case, the Portfolio Manager could be seen as harming the performance of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund for the benefit of the account engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities or instruments to fall. Additionally, if a Portfolio Manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, a fund may not
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be able to take full advantage of that opportunity. There may also be regulatory limitations that prevent a fund from participating in a transaction that another account or fund managed by the same Portfolio Manager will invest. For example, the 1940 Act prohibits the Emerging Markets Debt Fund from participating in certain transactions with certain of its affiliates and from participating in "joint" transactions alongside certain of its affiliates. The prohibition on "joint" transactions may limit the ability of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund to participate alongside its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions unless the transaction is otherwise permitted under existing regulatory guidance if granted and may reduce the amount of privately negotiated transactions that the Emerging Markets Debt Fund may participate in. Further, NBIA may take an investment position or action for a fund or account that may be different from, inconsistent with, or have different rights than (e.g., voting rights, dividend or repayment priorities or other features that may conflict with one another), an action or position taken for one or more other funds or accounts, including a fund, having similar or different objectives. A conflict may also be created by investing in different parts of an issuer's capital structure (e.g., equity or debt, or different positions in the debt structure). Those positions and actions may adversely impact, or in some instances benefit, one or more affected accounts, including the funds. Potential conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions and related actions regarding a position held for a fund or another account may not be in the best interests of a position held by another fund or account having similar or different objectives. If one account were to buy or sell portfolio securities or instruments shortly before another account bought or sold the same securities or instruments, it could affect the price paid or received by the second account. Securities selected for funds or accounts other than a fund may outperform the securities selected for the fund. Finally, a conflict of interest may arise if NBIA and a Portfolio Manager have a financial incentive to favor one account over another, such as a performance-based management fee that applies to one account but not all funds or accounts for which the Portfolio Manager is responsible. In the ordinary course of operations certain businesses within NB will seek access to material non-public information. For instance, NBIA portfolio managers may obtain and utilize material non-public information in purchasing loans and other debt instruments and certain privately placed or restricted equity instruments. From time to time, NBIA portfolio managers will be offered the opportunity on behalf of applicable clients to participate on a creditors or other similar committee in connection with restructuring or other "work-out" activity, which participation could provide access to material non-public information. NB maintains procedures that address the process by which material non-public information may be acquired intentionally by NB. When considering whether to acquire material non-public information, NB will attempt to balance the interests of all clients, taking into consideration relevant factors, including the extent of the prohibition on trading that would occur, the size of NB's existing position in the issuer, if any, and the value of the information as it relates to the investment decision-making process. The acquisition of material non-public information would likely give rise to a conflict of interest since NB may be prohibited from rendering investment advice to clients regarding the securities or instruments of such issuer and thereby potentially limiting the universe of securities or instruments that NB, including a fund, may purchase or potentially limiting the ability of NB, including a fund, to sell such securities or instruments. Similarly, where NB declines access to (or otherwise does not receive or share within NB) material non-public information regarding an issuer, the portfolio managers could potentially base investment decisions with respect to assets of such issuer solely on public information, thereby limiting the amount of information available to the portfolio managers in connection with such investment decisions. In determining whether or not to elect to receive material non-public information, NB will endeavor to act fairly to its clients as a whole. NB reserves the right to decline access to material non-public information, including declining to join a creditors or similar committee.
NBIA has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Ninety One UK Ltd.
Remuneration. SIMC pays Ninety One UK Ltd. a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Ninety One UK Ltd. and SIMC. Ninety One UK Ltd. pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Debt Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
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Ninety One's remuneration policy is designed to attract, retain and motivate staff and to reinforce the behaviours needed to support its culture and values over the short, medium and longer term in a risk conscious manner.
The remuneration for all employees of Ninety One including both its portfolio managers and analysts includes fixed pay, pension contributions (where relevant), employee benefits and may also include annual discretionary variable compensation, which can include both cash and deferred elements.
Fixed remuneration, pension contributions and employee benefits
Fixed remuneration (including salaries), is reviewed annually and designed to reflect the relative skills and experience of, and contribution made, by each employee.
Employee benefits typically include:
• Life and permanent health insurances and medical cover, which vary according to local market norms; and
• Employer pension contributions (where relevant), are based on annual salary only and not on other fixed remuneration, bonuses or the value of other benefits. No discretionary pension benefits are paid.
Discretionary annual variable compensation
Ninety One operates an annual discretionary cash bonus scheme and an annual discretionary deferred bonus scheme. The primary determinant of the variable compensation pool available for distribution is Ninety One's own annual profit. Given Ninety One's business is oriented towards meeting the long-term objectives of its clients, there are no significant fluctuations in profit levels (and therefore bonus pools) year on year. The pool is divided between the business divisions based on considerations of both financial and non-financial performance.
Currently, all Ninety One employees are eligible to be considered for a cash bonus payment under the scheme. Any payments made under the scheme are at the discretion of Ninety One and based on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors including multi-year performance and non-financial metrics such as compliance and risk awareness.
Where Ninety One's financial performance is subdued or negative, total variable remuneration would be contracted in line with weaker financial results, taking into account both current remuneration and potential reductions in payouts of amounts previously earned. Ninety One's total variable remuneration should therefore not limit its ability to strengthen its capital base as it is paid out of profits. This structure has been a key contributor to the long-term success of Ninety One and encourages its employees to behave like owners. Ninety One believes in aligning the long-term interests of clients, shareholders, and employees.
Deferred bonus scheme
Participation in the deferred bonus scheme is determined on an annual basis at the discretion of the Ninety One Remuneration Committee based on the roles of individual employees. The purpose of the deferred bonus scheme is to retain key employees and to provide better alignment of the interests with both clients and Ninety One.
The deferred bonus awards are made in the form of a combination of investments into:
• Investment funds managed by Ninety One, with specific allocations (normally 50%) for portfolio managers and analysts into the funds for which they are responsible; and
• Listed shares in Ninety One (normally allocations of at least 25%).
The deferral period is just over three years and awards are only paid out under specific listed conditions. The awards do not accrue to the employee until the end of the deferral period. For deferrals into investment funds, these awards remain both assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of Ninety One until that time.
S-159
Employees forfeit their allocations if they resign or their employment terminates prior to the vesting date unless discretion is otherwise exercised by Ninety One. Any sums deferred would be subject to forfeiture in the event of serious compliance or risk breach, or termination for gross misconduct prior to the end of the deferral period.
Ninety One UK Ltd. Equity Participation Programme
In August 2013, key employees of Ninety One acquired a 15% stake in the Ninety One business, ultimately through a trust structure in which each participant owns a portion of the underlying trust assets. This structure locks in key talent and aligns employees' interests with the interests of the firm as a whole, its shareholders and its clients. As of March 31, 2024, this stake had increased to 28.0%.
Ninety One UK Ltd. believes this compensation structure is balanced and competitive and positions Ninety One UK Ltd. to attract and retain the best industry skills.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Ninety One UK Ltd.'s portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, Ninety One UK Ltd.'s portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† | Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Werner Gey van Pittius |
2 |
$ |
410.5 |
8 |
$ |
4,914.4 |
7 |
$ |
2,024.0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Antoon de Klerk |
2 |
$ |
410.5 |
8 |
$ |
3,941.6 |
17 |
$ |
6,801.5 |
||||||||||||||||||
Christine Reed |
1 |
$ |
237.7 |
4 |
$ |
2,036.2 |
4 |
$ |
1,590.7 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† As of June 30, 2024, the portfolio managed by Ninety One is managed on a team basis.
The value of assets managed by Antoon De Klerk, Werner Gey van Pittius and Christine Reed includes the assets managed within the Emerging Markets Debt strategy of which Mr. De Klerk, Mr. Gey van Pittius and Ms. Reed are co-portfolio managers.
Conflicts of Interest. Real, potential or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or account.
Ninety One UK Ltd. is governed by all the rules and regulations of the relevant regulatory bodies in the jurisdictions in which it operates.
Ninety One UK Ltd. strongly believes in its fiduciary duty to clients and will always seek to manage any possible conflicts that may occur through its normal business activities so that there is no material risk of damage to clients. Ninety One UK Ltd. employs companywide measures to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest which may arise and maintains a Conflicts of Interest Policy, Compliance Manual and a Code of Ethics, which incorporate many of Ninety One UK Ltd. requirements on conflicts of interest. These documents are bound into employees' contracts of employment and a breach would therefore provide grounds for disciplinary action or dismissal.
An example of how Ninety One UK Ltd. manages/mitigates conflicts of interest is shown by the fact that Ninety One UK Ltd.'s portfolio managers focus entirely on portfolio management, while Ninety One UK Ltd.'s dedicated Trading Desk focuses on best execution of client orders; this avoids conflicts of interest between the two roles. The portfolio manager authorizes all orders which are then routed to the Trading Desk. This segregation of duties also removes any conflict of interest between the execution of trades on behalf of different portfolios. Ninety One UK Ltd.'s investment allocation policy aims to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly among Ninety One UK Ltd. clients. This means Ninety One UK Ltd. regularly aggregates client orders. Allocation is carried out strictly on a pro rata basis except where allocation is too small to split. If an allocation
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is so small that it makes it uneconomic for Ninety One UK Ltd. clients to split, then the Trading Desk has the discretion to allocate to a single client on a fair basis.
PineStone
Compensation. SIMC pays PineStone a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between PineStone and SIMC. PineStone pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The Investment Team's compensation structure comprises a competitive base salary and a performance-based incentive plan.
Base salaries generally align with the market median and are complemented by a target bonus above the industry average. This ensures continuity and the achievement of higher goals in line with its client objectives. Both portfolio managers and analysts are compensated on the performance of the total funds they manage instead of the performance of specific investment ideas or sectors. PineStone believes that this better aligns analysts' interests with those of portfolio managers and clients as they are incentivized to focus on the good of the Investment Team and its overall performance generated on behalf of clients.
To better align PineStone's Investment Team's interests with those of its clients, performance-based compensation is measured primarily in terms of the Investment Team's ability to meet and exceed their performance objective (based either on the value-added target or a universe of peers) in accordance with certain thresholds.
While the incentive compensation of portfolio managers is entirely based on quantitative metrics, analyst incentive compensation will vary based on the experience level of the analysts. As such, more junior analysts are qualitatively assessed and compensated on their overall work ethic and the quality of their work outputs. A quantitative performance-based component is introduced throughout time and becomes an increasing portion of variable compensation until it is entirely quantitative and performance-based.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, PineStone's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity Fund, PineStone's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Nadim Rizk, CFA
and Andrew Chan, CIM* |
4 |
$ |
1,555 |
41 |
$ |
15,492 |
67 |
$ |
35,530 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
* PineStone uses a team-based approach to portfolio management, and each of the portfolio managers listed in the table is jointly responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for conflicts of interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the World Select Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the World Select Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of PineStone's management of the World Select Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow PineStone to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the World Select Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that PineStone or
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the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the World Select Equity Fund. PineStone (or its members, employees, and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that PineStone determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the World Select Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, PineStone has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each client is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Poplar Forest
Compensation. SIMC pays Poplar Forest a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Poplar Forest and SIMC. Poplar Forest pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024. Both Mr. Harvey and Mr. Derman receive a fixed base salary, a discretionary bonus, and a share of the profits of Poplar Forest equal in proportion to his ownership of Poplar Forest. The bonus is qualitatively based with the profitability of Poplar Forest being the main driver of bonuses.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Poplar Forest's portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity Fund, Poplar Forest's portfolio manager were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
J. Dale Harvey |
3 |
$ |
402.14 |
2 |
$ |
215.68 |
26 |
$ |
682.58 |
||||||||||||||||||
Derek Derman |
3 |
$ |
402.14 |
2 |
$ |
215.68 |
9 |
$ |
663.82 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the World Select Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the World Select Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Poplar Forest's management of the World Select Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Poplar Forest to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the World Select Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Poplar Forest or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive a management fee) than the World Select Equity Fund. Poplar Forest (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Poplar Forest determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the World Select Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Poplar Forest has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
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Pzena
Compensation. SIMC pays Pzena a fee based on the assets under management of the World Equity Ex-US Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Pzena and SIMC. Pzena pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Equity Ex-US Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio managers and other investment professionals at Pzena are compensated through a combination of fixed base salary, annual performance bonus and equity ownership, if appropriate due to superior performance. Pzena avoids the compensation model that is driven by individual security performance, as this can lead to short-term thinking which is contrary to the firm's value investment philosophy. The portfolio managers' bonuses are not specifically dependent upon the performance of the portfolios relative to the performance of the portfolios' benchmarks. For investment professionals, we examine such things as effort, efficiency, ability to focus on the correct issues, stock modeling ability, and ability to successfully interact with company management. However, Pzena always looks at the person as a whole and the contributions that they have made and are likely to make in the future. Longer-term success is required for equity ownership consideration. Ultimately, equity ownership is the primary tool used by Pzena for attracting and retaining the best people.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Pzena's portfolio managers did not own any shares of the World Equity Ex-US Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Equity Ex-US Fund, Pzena's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Caroline Cai, CFA |
14 |
$ |
10,337 |
52 |
$ |
22,328 |
58 |
$ |
11,963 |
||||||||||||||||||
2 |
* |
$ |
2,118 |
4 |
* |
$ |
613 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||||
Allison Fisch |
13 |
$ |
8,407 |
29 |
$ |
2,724 |
38 |
$ |
7,624 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
188 |
1 |
* |
$ |
404 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||||||
John Goetz |
10 |
$ |
7,864 |
47 |
$ |
22,102 |
45 |
$ |
9,009 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
1,930 |
3 |
* |
$ |
209 |
1 |
* |
$ |
168 |
||||||||||||||||
Rakesh Bordia |
13 |
$ |
8,407 |
29 |
$ |
2,724 |
39 |
$ |
7,625 |
||||||||||||||||||
1 |
* |
$ |
188 |
1 |
* |
$ |
404 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. In Pzena's view, conflicts of interest may arise in managing the fund's portfolio investments, on the one hand, and the portfolios of Pzena's other clients and/or accounts (together "Accounts"), on the other. Set forth below is a brief description of some of the material conflicts that may arise and Pzena's policy or procedure for handling such conflicts.
Although Pzena has designed such procedures to prevent and address conflicts, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect every situation in which a conflict could arise.
The management of multiple Accounts inherently carries the risk that there may be competing interests for the portfolio management team's time and attention. Pzena seeks to minimize this by using one investment approach (i.e., classic value investing), and by managing all Accounts on a strategy-specific basis.
If the portfolio management team identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one Account, the fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity; however, Pzena has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across Accounts so that each Account is treated fairly. With respect to partial fills for an order, depending on the size of the execution, Pzena may choose to allocate the executed shares on a pro-rata basis, or on a random basis. As with all trade allocations each Account generally receives pro-rata allocations of any new issue or IPO security that is appropriate for its investment
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objective. Permissible reasons for excluding an Account from an otherwise acceptable IPO or new issue investment include the Account having FINRA restricted person status, lack of available cash to make the purchase, a client-imposed trading prohibition on IPOs or on the business of the issuer, and brokerage restrictions.
With respect to securities transactions for the Accounts, Pzena determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution. Pzena will bunch or aggregate like orders when it believes doing so will be beneficial to the Accounts. However, with respect to certain Accounts, Pzena may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Pzena may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for the fund and another Account, which may temporarily impact the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction to the detriment of one or the other.
Conflicts of interest may arise when members of the portfolio management team transact personally in securities investments made or to be made for the fund or other Accounts. To address this, Pzena has adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics designed to prevent and detect personal trading activities that may interfere or conflict with client interests (including fund shareholders' interests) or its current investment strategy. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics generally requires that most transactions in securities by Pzena's Access Persons and certain related persons, whether or not such securities are purchased or sold on behalf of the Accounts, be cleared prior to execution by appropriate approving parties and compliance personnel. Securities transactions for Access Persons' personal accounts also are subject to ongoing reporting requirements and annual and quarterly certification requirements. In addition, no Access Person shall be permitted to effect a short-term trade (i.e., to purchase and subsequently sell within 60 calendar days, or to sell and subsequently purchase, within 60 calendar days) of non-exempt securities. Finally, orders for proprietary accounts (i.e., accounts of Pzena's principals, affiliates or employees or their immediate family that are managed by Pzena) are subject to written trade allocation procedures designed to ensure fair treatment of client accounts.
Pzena manages some Accounts under performance-based fee arrangements. Pzena recognizes that this type of incentive compensation creates the risk for potential conflicts of interest. This structure may create inherent pressure to allocate investments having a greater potential for higher returns to accounts of those clients paying a performance fee. To prevent conflicts of interest associated with managing accounts with different compensation structures, Pzena generally requires portfolio decisions to be made on a product-specific basis. Pzena also requires pre-allocation of all client orders based on specific fee-neutral criteria set forth above. Additionally, Pzena requires average pricing of all aggregated orders. Finally, Pzena has adopted a policy prohibiting portfolio managers (and all employees) from placing the investment interests of one client or a group of clients with the same investment objectives above the investment interests of any other client or group of clients with the same or similar investment objectives. These measures help Pzena mitigate some of the conflicts that its management of private investment companies would otherwise present. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm's Code of Ethics.
Rhicon
Compensation. SIMC pays Rhicon a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Rhicon and SIMC. Rhicon pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. In addition to basic salary, Rhicon's portfolio managers are paid on net new profits they generate above a hurdle on those accounts where Rhicon receives incentive fees. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Rhicon's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity Fund.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity Fund, Rhicon's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Christopher Brandon |
2 |
$ |
38.51 |
2 |
$ |
26.45 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
26.45 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Peter Jacobson |
2 |
$ |
38.51 |
2 |
$ |
26.45 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
26.45 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Erik Bjåstad |
2 |
$ |
25.67 |
2 |
$ |
17.63 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
17.63 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the World Select Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the World Select Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Rhicon's management of the World Select Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Rhicon to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the World Select Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Rhicon or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts (some of which receive both a management and incentive fee) than the World Select Equity Fund. Rhicon (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Rhicon determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the World Select Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Rhicon has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
Robeco
Compensation. SIMC pays Robeco a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Robeco and SIMC. Robeco pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The members of the Emerging Markets team receive a market-based salary package comprising a base salary and variable compensation. Every employee's base salary is based on their position and experience, according to Robeco's salary ranges and using appropriate local industry benchmarks. In addition, specific temporary allowances may be granted for a maximum of three to five years:
• Strategic capability allowance to retain key investment professionals in strategic product capabilities
• Market-based scarcity allowance in tight labor markets
• New business market allowance to set up activities in new countries or markets
The granting of temporary allowance is entirely role-based and not related to the performance of the employee or the firm.
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Variable compensation
The variable compensation serves as a performance-driven remuneration component and is at the manager's discretion. It is based on the following factors:
• Achievement on business objectives. For investment professionals, these typically include risk-adjusted returns over one, three and five years.
• Business conduct and professional behavior, which includes acting in the best interest of the client and appropriate risk taking.
• Financial results of the company as measured by EBIT.
The award of variable compensation in excess of EUR 50,000 to regular employees is subject to a deferral scheme. This means that 60% of the total variable compensation is paid in cash in year one and the remaining 40% is deferred equally over the next three years and converted into 'Robeco Cash Appreciation Rights' (R-CARs). The value of these rights reflects the financial results of the firm.
Robeco uses a 'total compensation' approach. The award of overall compensation is assessed against local market remuneration practices for specific functions.
Robeco benchmarks the remuneration levels for all employees on an annual basis with McLagan, a primary market data provider. For specific teams or functions, we occasionally also request tailor made assessments.
Robeco aims to reward staff in an externally competitive and internally fair manner, with ample room for differentiation, based on relative market value and performance, using an integrated assessment of results and behavior. The reward framework reflects the firm's aim for long-term relationships with its clients and its staff.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Robeco's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Robeco's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies* |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles* |
Other Accounts* |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Jaap van der Hart |
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
** |
$ |
2,515 |
8 |
† |
$ |
2,651 |
||||||||||||||||
Karnail Sangha |
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
** |
$ |
2,515 |
8 |
† |
$ |
2,651 |
None of these accounts are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
* Assets reflected in the table represents assets under management for both Robeco and its affiliate, Robeco Institutional Asset Management BV. (Robeco BV) Jaap van der Hart and Karnail Sangha are employees of Robeco BV and as such also manage assets on their behalf Robeco BV.
** Other Pooled Investment Vehicles refers to the three Robeco funds managed by portfolio managers.
† Other Accounts refers to eight separately managed mandate clients.
Conflicts of Interest.
Robeco has identified the following potential conflicts of interest:
• An investment opportunity maybe suitable for the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as well as for the portfolios of the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager. However, the investment opportunity may not be available in sufficient quantity for all of the accounts to participate fully.
• There may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by both the Emerging Markets Equity Fund and the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager.
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• The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Emerging Markets Equity Fund and may sell securities that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
• A portfolio manager may be responsible for accounts that have different advisory fee schedules which may create the incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another in terms of access to investment opportunities.
• A portfolio manager may also manage accounts whose investment objectives and policies differ from those of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, which may cause the portfolio manager to effect trading in one account that may have an adverse effect on the value of the holdings within another account, including the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Robeco has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
RWC
Compensation. SIMC pays RWC a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between RWC and SIMC. RWC pays its professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The heads of the investment team are employees of RWC and are compensated via a share in the management fees and, where applicable, the performance fees generated by the funds managed directly by them. They are also incentivised through equity participation in RWC Partners Limited. The remaining investment team members are typically paid a salary and discretionary bonus, allocated to them by the heads of the investment team from the management and performance fee share.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, RWC's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, RWC's portfolio managers were responsible for the management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
James Johnstone |
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
$ |
877.4 |
1 |
$ |
423.6 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
129.9 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
John Malloy |
1 |
$ |
238.5 |
3 |
$ |
4,490.4 |
6 |
$ |
2,539.8 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
1,531.2 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, these accounts may include other mutual funds managed on an advisory or sub-advisory basis, separate accounts and collective trust accounts. An investment opportunity may be suitable for the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as well as for any of the other accounts. However, the investment may not be available in sufficient quantity for all of the accounts to participate fully. In addition, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Emerging Markets Equity Fund and the other accounts. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, may track the same benchmarks or indexes as the Emerging Markets Equity Fund tracks and may sell securities that are eligible to be held, sold or purchased by the Emerging
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Markets Equity Fund. A portfolio manager may be responsible for accounts that have different advisory fee schedules, which may create the incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another in terms of access to investment opportunities. A portfolio manager may also manage accounts whose investment objectives and policies differ from those of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, which may cause the portfolio manager to effect trading in one account that may have an adverse effect on the value of the holdings within another account, including the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. RWC or the Portfolio Managers may have a potential conflict of interest in allocating time and activity between the Emerging Markets Equity Fund and other client accounts. In addition, RWC and its officers and employees may have investments of their own in these other client accounts. To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, RWC has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, trade allocation and trade aggregation policies, and reviews are carried out by the compliance team.
SSGA FM
Compensation. SIMC pays SSGA FM a fee based on the assets under management of the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds as set forth in the respective investment sub-advisory agreements between SSGA FM and SIMC. SSGA FM pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
SSGA's culture is complemented and reinforced by a total rewards strategy that is based on a pay for performance philosophy which seeks to offer a competitive pay mix of base salary, benefits, cash incentives and deferred compensation.
Salary is based on a number of factors, including external benchmarking data and market trends, and performance, both at the business and individual level. SSGA's Global Human Resources department regularly participates in compensation surveys in order to provide SSGA with market-based compensation information that helps support individual pay decisions.
Additionally, subject to State Street and SSGA business results, an incentive pool is allocated to SSGA to reward its employees. The size of the incentive pool for most business units is based on SSGA's overall profitability and other factors, including performance against risk-related goals. For most SSGA investment teams, SSGA recognizes and rewards performance by linking annual incentive decisions for investment teams to SSGA's or business unit's profitability and business unit investment performance over a multi-year period.
Incentive pool funding for most active investment teams is driven in part by the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team versus the return levels of the benchmark index(es) of the fund(s) on a one-, three- and, in some cases, five-year basis. For most active investment teams, a material portion of incentive compensation for senior staff is deferred over a four-year period into the SSGA Long-Term Incentive ("SSGA LTI") program. For these teams, The SSGA LTI program indexes the performance of these deferred awards against the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team. This is intended to align the investment team's compensation with client interests, both through annual incentive compensation awards and through the long-term value of deferred awards in the SSGA LTI program.
For the index equity investment team, incentive pool funding is driven in part by the post-tax 1- and 3-year tracking error of the funds managed by the team against the benchmark indexes of the funds.
The discretionary allocation of the incentive pool to the business units within SSGA is influenced by market-based compensation data, as well as the overall performance of each business unit. Individual compensation decisions are made by the employee's manager, in conjunction with the senior management of the employee's business unit. These decisions are based on the overall performance of the employee and, as mentioned above, on the performance of SSGA and business unit. Depending on the job level, a portion of the annual incentive may be awarded in deferred compensation, which may include cash and/or Deferred Stock Awards (State Street
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stock), which typically vest over a four-year period. This helps to retain staff and further aligns SSGA employees' interests with SSGA clients' and shareholders' long-term interests.
SSGA recognizes and rewards outstanding performance by:
• Promoting employee ownership to connect employees directly to the company's success.
• Using rewards to reinforce mission, vision, values and business strategy.
• Seeking to recognize and preserve SSGA's unique culture and team orientation.
• Providing all employees the opportunity to share in the success of SSGA.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, SSGA FM's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index or Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds.
Other Accounts. The Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index and Extended Market Index Funds are managed by the Systematic Equity Beta Group. Karl Schneider, CAIA, Amy Scofield and Emiliano Rabinovich, CFA have day-to-day management responsibility of the Large Cap Index and Extended Market Index Funds. Karl Schneider, CAIA, Mark Krivitsky and Emiliano Rabinovich, CFA have day-to-day management responsibility of the S&P 500 Index Fund. Michael Finocchi, Karl Schneider, CAIA, Emiliano Rabinovich, CFA, and Xianhang Wu manage a portion of the Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds, the portfolio managers were also responsible for the management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in billions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Karl Schneider, CAIA |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Amy Scofield |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Mark Krivitsky |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Emiliano Rabinovich, CFA |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Michael Finocchi |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
||||||||||||||||||
Xianhang Wu |
128 |
$ |
1,156.08 |
363 |
$ |
900.10 |
464 |
$ |
537.55 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A portfolio manager that has responsibility for managing more than one account may be subject to potential conflicts of interest because he or she is responsible for other accounts in addition to the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of: (a) the portfolio manager's execution of different investment strategies for various accounts; or (b) the allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. Portfolio managers may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include registered investment companies, other types of pooled accounts (e.g., collective investment funds), and separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that portfolio.
A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager's responsibility for multiple accounts with similar investment guidelines. Under these circumstances, a potential investment may be suitable for more than one of the portfolio managers' accounts, but the quantity of the investment available for purchase is less than the aggregate amount the accounts would ideally allocate to the opportunity. Similar conflicts may arise when multiple accounts seek to dispose of the same investment. The portfolio managers may also manage accounts whose objectives and policies differ from that of the Large Cap Index, S&P 500 Index, Extended Market Index and Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds. These differences may be such that under certain circumstances, trading activity appropriate for one account managed by the portfolio manager may have adverse consequences for another account managed by the portfolio manager. For example, an account may sell a significant position
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in a security, which could cause the market price of that security to decrease, while a Fund maintained its position in that security.
A potential conflict may arise when the portfolio managers are responsible for accounts that have different advisory fees—the difference in fees could create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another, for example, in terms of access to investment opportunities. This conflict may be heightened if an account is subject to a performance-based fee, as applicable. Another potential conflict may arise when the portfolio manager has a personal investment in one or more accounts that participate in transactions with other accounts. His or her personal investment(s) may create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another. SSGA FM has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to address these potential material conflicts. For instance, portfolio managers are normally responsible for all accounts within a certain investment discipline and do not, absent special circumstances, differentiate among the various accounts when allocating resources. Additionally, SSGA FM and its advisory affiliates have processes and procedures for allocating investment opportunities among portfolios that are designed to provide a fair and equitable allocation. With respect to conflicts arising from personal investments, all employees, including portfolio managers, must comply with personal trading controls established by each of SSGA FM's and the SSGA Trusts' Code of Ethics.
Towle
Compensation. SIMC pays Towle a fee based on the assets under management of the World Select Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Towle and SIMC. Towle pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Investment team members who are not shareholders of Towle receive a competitive base salary, annual retirement plan contribution, and discretionary annual bonus based on Towle's profits and individual performance. The annual bonus can be 100% or more of the base salary. Additionally, Towle strives to provide an environment that rewards hard work, fosters personal development, and promotes a wholesome work-life balance.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Towle's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the World Select Equity Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the World Select Equity Fund, Towle's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Christopher D. Towle |
1 |
$ |
107.58 |
3 |
$ |
213.07 |
71 |
$ |
403.22 |
||||||||||||||||||
Peter J. Lewis, CFA |
1 |
$ |
107.58 |
3 |
$ |
213.07 |
71 |
$ |
403.22 |
||||||||||||||||||
James M. Shields, CFA |
1 |
$ |
107.58 |
3 |
$ |
213.07 |
71 |
$ |
403.22 |
||||||||||||||||||
Wesley R. Tibbetts, CFA |
1 |
$ |
107.58 |
3 |
$ |
213.07 |
71 |
$ |
403.22 |
||||||||||||||||||
G. Lukas Barthelmess, CFA |
1 |
$ |
107.58 |
3 |
$ |
213.07 |
71 |
$ |
403.22 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the World Select Equity Fund, which may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the World Select Equity Fund, these accounts may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In particular, this conflict of interest may arise as a result of Towle's management of the World Select Equity Fund and other accounts, which, in theory, may allow Towle to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors other accounts over the World Select Equity Fund. This conflict of interest may be exacerbated to the extent that Towle or the portfolio manager receive, or expect to receive, greater compensation from their management of the other accounts
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than the World Select Equity Fund. Towle (or its members, employees and affiliates) may give advice or take action with respect to the other accounts that differs from the advice given with respect to the World Select Equity Fund. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for both the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts, such investments will be allocated between the World Select Equity Fund and the other accounts in a manner that Towle determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all clients, including the World Select Equity Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, Towle has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis.
T. Rowe Price
Compensation. SIMC pays T. Rowe Price a fee based on the assets under management of the High Yield Bond Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between T. Rowe Price and SIMC. T. Rowe Price pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the High Yield Bond Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Portfolio manager compensation consists primarily of a base salary, a cash bonus, and an equity incentive that usually comes in the form of restricted stock grants. Compensation is variable and is determined based on the following factors.
Investment performance over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods is the most important input. The weightings for these time periods are generally balanced and are applied consistently across similar strategies. T. Rowe Price (and T. Rowe Price Australia, T. Rowe Price Hong Kong, T. Rowe Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price Japan, T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Investment Management, as appropriate) evaluates performance in absolute, relative, and risk-adjusted terms. Relative performance and risk-adjusted performance are typically determined with reference to the broad-based index (e.g., S&P 500 Index) and the Lipper average or index (e.g., Large-Cap Growth Index) set forth in the total returns table in the fund's prospectus, although other benchmarks may be used as well. Investment results are also measured against comparably managed funds of competitive investment management firms. The selection of comparable funds is approved by the applicable investment steering committee and is the same as the selection presented to the directors of the T. Rowe Price funds in their regular review of fund performance. Performance is primarily measured on a pretax basis, although tax efficiency is considered.
Compensation is viewed with a long-term time horizon. The more consistent a portfolio manager's performance over time, the higher the compensation opportunity. The increase or decrease in a fund's assets due to the purchase or sale of fund shares is not considered a material factor. In reviewing relative performance for fixed income funds, a fund's expense ratio is usually taken into account. Contribution to T. Rowe Price's overall investment process is an important consideration as well. Leveraging ideas and investment insights across the global investment platform; working effectively with and mentoring others; and other contributions to the firm's clients, the firm, or its culture are important components of T. Rowe Price's long-term success and are generally taken into consideration.
All employees of T. Rowe Price, including portfolio managers, can participate in a 401(k) plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price Group. In addition, all employees are eligible to purchase T. Rowe Price common stock through an employee stock purchase plan that features a limited corporate matching contribution. Eligibility for and participation in these plans is on the same basis for all employees. Finally, all vice presidents of T. Rowe Price Group, including all portfolio managers, are eligible to participate in a supplemental savings plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price Group, and certain vice presidents of T. Rowe Price Group receive supplemental medical/hospital reimbursement benefits.
This compensation structure is used when evaluating the performance of all portfolios managed by the portfolio manager.
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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, T. Rowe Price's portfolio manager did not beneficially own any shares of the High Yield Bond Fund.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the High Yield Bond Fund, T. Rowe Price's portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Kevin Loome, CFA |
4 |
$ |
1,202.4 |
5 |
$ |
828.0 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
None of the accounts listed above are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Portfolio managers at T. Rowe Price and its affiliates may manage multiple accounts. These accounts may include, among others, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, business development companies, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, colleges and universities, and foundations), offshore funds, private funds, and common trust funds. T. Rowe Price also provides non-discretionary advice to institutional investors in the form of delivery of model portfolios. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, and other relevant investment considerations that they believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. T. Rowe Price and its affiliates have adopted brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that they believe are reasonably designed to address any potential conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts. Investments made by a fund and the results achieved by a fund at any given time are not expected to be the same as those made by other funds for which T. Rowe Price acts as investment adviser, including funds with names, investment objectives and policies, and/or portfolio management teams, similar to a fund. This may be attributable to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, large shareholder purchases or redemptions or specific investment restrictions.
The T. Rowe Price funds may, from time to time, own shares of Morningstar, Inc. Morningstar is a provider of investment research to individual and institutional investors, and publishes ratings on funds, including the T. Rowe Price funds. T. Rowe Price acts as Sub-Adviser to two mutual funds offered by Morningstar. T. Rowe Price and its affiliates pay Morningstar for a variety of products and services. Morningstar may provide investment consulting and investment management services to clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates. The T. Rowe Price funds may generally not purchase shares of stock issued by T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. However, a T. Rowe Price Index Fund is permitted to make such purchases to the extent T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. is represented in the benchmark index the fund is designed to track.
Additional potential conflicts may be inherent in the firm's use of multiple strategies. For example, conflicts will arise in cases where different clients invest in different parts of an issuer's capital structure, including circumstances in which one or more clients may own private securities or obligations of an issuer and other clients may own or seek to acquire securities of the same issuer. For example, a client may acquire a loan, loan participation or a loan assignment of a particular borrower in which one or more other clients have an equity investment or may invest in senior debt obligations of an issuer for one client and junior debt obligations or equity of the same issuer for another client. Similarly, if an issuer in which a client and one or more other clients directly or indirectly hold different classes of securities (or other assets, instruments or obligations issued by such issuer or underlying investments of such issuer) encounters financial problems, is involved in a merger or acquisition or a going private transaction, decisions over the terms of any workout or transaction will raise conflicts of interests. While it is appropriate for different clients to hold investments in different parts of the same issuer's capital structure under normal circumstances, the interests of stockholders and debt holders may conflict, as the securities they hold will likely have different voting rights, dividend or repayment priorities or other features that could be in conflict with one another. Clients should be aware that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of their interests.
In some cases, T. Rowe Price or its affiliates may refrain from taking certain actions or making certain investments on behalf of clients in order to avoid or mitigate certain conflicts of interest or to prevent adverse
S-172
regulatory actions or other implications for T. Rowe Price or its affiliates, or may sell investments for certain clients, in such case potentially disadvantaging the clients on whose behalf the actions are not taken, investments not made, or investments sold. In other cases, T. Rowe Price or its affiliates may take actions in order to mitigate legal risks to T. Rowe Price or its affiliates, even if disadvantageous to a client.
Conflicts such as those described above may also occur between clients on the one hand, and T. Rowe Price or its affiliates, on the other. These conflicts will not always be resolved in the favor of the client. In addition, conflicts may exist between different clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates. T. Rowe Price and one or more of its affiliates may operate autonomously from each other and may take actions that are adverse to other clients managed by an affiliate. In some cases, T. Rowe Price or its affiliates will have limited or no ability to mitigate those actions or address those conflicts, which could adversely affect T. Rowe Price or its affiliates' clients. Additional potential conflicts may be inherent in the firm's use of multiple strategies. Regulatory requirements may prohibit T. Rowe Price or its affiliates from investing in certain companies on behalf of some of their clients, including the T. Rowe Price funds, while at the same time not prohibiting T. Rowe Price or its affiliates from making those same investments on behalf of other clients that are not subject to such requirements. T. Rowe Price or its affiliates' ability to negotiate certain rights, remedies, or take other actions on behalf of the Price Funds with respect to an investment also may be limited in situations in which an affiliate of the Price Funds (or certain other interested persons) have a direct or indirect interest in the same issuer. When permitted by applicable law, other clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates, on the one hand, and one or more T. Rowe Price funds, on the other hand, may invest in or extend credit to different classes of securities or different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer. T. Rowe Price or its affiliates may pursue rights, provide advice or engage in other activities, or refrain from pursuing rights, providing advice or engaging in other activities, on behalf of themselves or one or more clients other than the T. Rowe Price funds with respect to an issuer in which a T. Rowe Price fund has invested, and such actions (or refraining from action) may have a material adverse effect on such T. Rowe Price fund. In addition, as a result of regulatory requirements or otherwise, in situations in which T. Rowe Price clients hold positions in multiple parts of the capital structure of an issuer, T. Rowe Price or its affiliates may not pursue certain actions that may otherwise be available. T. Rowe Price and its affiliates address these and other potential conflicts of interest based on the facts and circumstances of particular situations. For example, T. Rowe Price may determine to rely on one or more information barriers between different advisers, business units, or portfolio management teams, or to rely on the actions of similarly situated holders of loans or securities rather than, or in connection with, taking such actions itself on behalf of a client. In these situations, investment personnel are mindful of potentially conflicting interests of our clients with investments in different parts of an issuer's capital structure and seek to take appropriate measures to ensure that the interests of all clients are fairly represented. As a result of the various conflicts and related issues described in this paragraph, a T. Rowe Price fund could sustain losses during periods in which T. Rowe Price or its affiliates and other clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates achieve profits generally or with respect to particular holdings, or could achieve lower profits or higher losses than would have been the case had the conflicts described above not existed.
UBS AM LLC
Compensation. SIMC pays UBS AM LLC a fee based on the assets under management of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Multi-Asset Real Return Fund, as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between UBS AM LLC and SIMC. UBS AM LLC pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
The compensation to portfolio managers at UBS AM LLC includes both a fixed base salary component and bonus component. The discretionary bonus for each portfolio manager is not tied by formula to the performance of any fund or account. The factors taken into account in determining a portfolio manager's bonus include the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.'s performance, assets held in the MARR Commodity Strategy
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Subsidiary Ltd., and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, business growth, team work, management, corporate citizenship, etc.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, UBS AM LLC's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd., UBS AM LLC's portfolio manager was equally responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager† | Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Christopher Burton, CFA |
4 |
$ |
2,378 |
6 |
$ |
457 |
2 |
$ |
1,178 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
115 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Scott Ikuss |
4 |
$ |
2,378 |
6 |
$ |
457 |
2 |
$ |
1,178 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
115 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
† UBS AM LLC utilizes a team-based approach to portfolio management, and the portfolio managers listed above are responsible for the management of a portion of the accounts listed in each category.
Conflicts of Interest. It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers' management of the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.'s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts on the other. For example, the portfolio managers may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and other accounts they advise, which may include accounts of registered investment companies, private pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions between the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and such other accounts, the portfolio managers may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. To the extent that a particular investment is suitable for both the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd. and such other accounts, such investment will be allocated in a manner that UBS AM LLC determines is fair and equitable under the circumstances for all clients, including the MARR Commodity Strategy Subsidiary Ltd.
UBS AM LLC has adopted policies and procedures designed to minimize the effects of these conflicts and to ensure that that all clients are treated fairly and equitably in the allocation of investment opportunities.
WCM
Compensation. SIMC pays WCM a fee based on the assets under management of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between WCM and SIMC. WCM pays its professionals out of its total revenues and other resources, including the sub-advisory fees earned with respect to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
WCM's portfolio managers are compensated with a fixed base salary and share in the profitability of WCM from their equity ownership. Gregory Ise and Michael Tian also receive a portion of the revenue generated by the strategies for which they serve as portfolio manager. On occasion, WCM has agreed to a performance-based fee arrangement. In these arrangements, the fee is generally the greater of a "base" component or a "performance" component as measured against a benchmark. Performance fees are charged only in compliance with Rule 205-3 under the Advisers Act, as amended and only to "qualified clients" as defined in that rule. Portfolio managers' compensation arrangements are not directly linked to any such arrangement.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, WCM's portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund.
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Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Emerging Markets Equity Fund, WCM's portfolio managers were responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Sanjay Ayer |
26 |
$ |
29,723.62 |
33 |
$ |
11,866.89 |
496 |
$ |
45,914.42 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
4 |
* |
$ |
606.51 |
8 |
* |
$ |
1,824.85 |
|||||||||||||||||
Gregory S. Ise |
7 |
$ |
1,915.97 |
8 |
$ |
1,124.74 |
6 |
$ |
392.47 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
1 |
* |
$ |
41.58 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
||||||||||||||||||
Michael Z. Tian |
5 |
$ |
1,260.40 |
5 |
$ |
777.71 |
1 |
$ |
2.09 |
||||||||||||||||||
Michael B. Trigg |
23 |
$ |
29,100.81 |
28 |
$ |
10,969.32 |
488 |
$ |
45,627.18 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
3 |
* |
$ |
564.93 |
8 |
* |
$ |
1,824.85 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. The management of multiple funds and accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees (including performance-based fees) as the portfolio manager must allocate his time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. WCM seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. The separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the fund may outperform the securities selected for the fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. WCM seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While WCM has adopted a code of ethics that contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
In addition, WCM has adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Wellington Management
Compensation. Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds as set forth in an investment sub-advisory agreement between Wellington Management and SIMC. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the advisory fees earned with respect to the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds. The following information relates to the period ended June 30, 2024.
Wellington Management's compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. Wellington Management's compensation of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds' manager listed in the prospectus who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Opportunistic
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Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds (the "Portfolio Manager") includes a base salary and incentive components. The base salary for each Portfolio Manager who is a partner (a "Partner") of Wellington Management Group LLP, the ultimate holding company of Wellington Management, is generally a fixed amount that is determined by the managing partners of Wellington Management Group LLP. Each Portfolio Manager is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the funds managed by the Portfolio Manager and generally each other account managed by such Portfolio Manager. The Portfolio Manager's incentive payment relating to the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds is linked to the gross pre-tax performance of the portion of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds managed by the Portfolio Manager compared to the benchmark index and/or peer group identified below over one, three and five year periods, with an emphasis on five year results. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods and rate may differ) to other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, including accounts with performance fees.
Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional's overall compensation. Incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Portfolio Manager may also be eligible for bonus payments based on his overall contribution to Wellington Management's business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on other factors. Each Partner is eligible to participate in a Partner-funded tax qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Mr. Piccuirro is a Partner.
Fund |
Benchmark Index and/or Peer Group for Incentive Period |
||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
ICE BofA US Dollar 3-Month LIBOR Constant Maturity |
||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
Bloomberg Short Tsy 9-12 Month |
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2024, Wellington Management's Portfolio Manager did not beneficially own any shares of the Opportunistic Income or Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds.
Other Accounts. As of June 30, 2024, in addition to the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds, Wellington Management's Portfolio Manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as follows:
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
Number of Accounts |
Total Assets (in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Marc Piccuirro |
3 |
$ |
2,417.11 |
3 |
$ |
107.41 |
95 |
$ |
25,405.57 |
||||||||||||||||||
0 |
$ |
0 |
2 |
* |
$ |
83.96 |
0 |
$ |
0 |
* These accounts, which are a subset of the accounts in the preceding row, are subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
Conflicts of Interest. Individual investment professionals at Wellington Management manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions, such as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations or separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries), bank common trust accounts and hedge funds.
Each Fund's manager(s) listed in the prospectus, who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds ("Portfolio Managers"), generally manage accounts in several different investment styles. These accounts may have investment objectives, strategies, time horizons, tax considerations and risk profiles that differ from those of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds. The Portfolio Managers make investment decisions for each account, including the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Portfolio Managers may purchase or sell securities, including initial public offerings, for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities
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purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds and thus the accounts may have similar, and in some cases nearly identical, objectives, strategies and/or holdings to that of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds.
A Portfolio Manager or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, a Portfolio Manager may purchase the same security for the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds and for one or more other accounts at or at about the same time. In those instances, the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds' holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the Opportunistic Income and Ultra Short Duration Bond Funds. Mr. Piccuirro also manages accounts which pay performance allocations to Wellington Management or its affiliates. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Portfolio Managers are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by a given Portfolio Manager. Finally, the Portfolio Managers may hold shares or investments in the other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts identified above.
Wellington Management's goal is to meet its fiduciary obligation to treat all clients fairly and provide high quality investment services to all of its clients. Wellington Management has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, Wellington Management monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary account guidelines, the allocation of initial public offerings and compliance with Wellington's Code of Ethics and places additional investment restrictions on investment professionals who manage hedge funds and certain other accounts. Furthermore, senior investment and business personnel at Wellington Management periodically review the performance of Wellington Management's investment professionals. Although Wellington Management does not track the time an investment professional spends on a single account, Wellington Management does periodically assess whether an investment professional has adequate time and resources to effectively manage the investment professional's various client mandates.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING
General. SEI Investments Distribution Co. (the "Distributor") serves as each Fund's distributor. The Distributor, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEI, has its principal business offices at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456.
Distribution Agreement with the Trust. The Distributor serves as each Fund's distributor pursuant to a distribution agreement (the "Distribution Agreement") with the Trust. The Distribution Agreement is reviewed and approved at least annually by: (i) either the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust; and (ii) the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined under the 1940 Act) of any such party to the Distribution Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement will terminate in the event of any assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act, and is terminable with respect to a particular Fund on not less than 60 days' notice by the Trust's Trustees, by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund or by the Distributor. The Distributor will receive no compensation for the distribution of Fund shares.
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The Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through the Distributor, for which the Distributor may receive compensation.
The Distributor may, from time to time and at its own expense, provide promotional incentives, in the form of cash or other compensation, to certain financial institutions whose representatives have sold or are expected to sell significant amounts of the Funds' shares.
Distribution Expenses Incurred by Adviser. SEI Funds are typically combined into complete investment portfolios and strategies using asset allocation techniques to serve investor needs. In connection with its distribution activities, SIMC and its affiliates may, from time to time, provide certain financial institutions, without charge, asset allocation models and strategies, custody services, risk assessment tools and other investment information and services.
Payments may also be made by SIMC or its affiliates to financial institutions to compensate or reimburse them for administrative or other client services provided, such as sub-transfer agency services for shareholders or retirement plan participants, omnibus accounting or sub-accounting, participation in networking arrangements, account set-up, recordkeeping and other shareholder services. These fees may be used by the financial institutions to offset or reduce fees that would otherwise be paid directly to them by certain account holders, such as retirement plans.
The payments discussed above may be significant to the financial institutions receiving them and may create an incentive for the financial institutions or their representatives to recommend or offer shares of the SEI Funds to their customers rather than other funds or investment products. These payments are made by SIMC and its affiliates out of their past profits or other available resources and are not charged to the Funds.
Although a Fund may use broker-dealers that sell Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund's portfolio, the Fund, SIMC and the Funds' Sub-Advisers will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing broker-dealers to effect those transactions and will not direct brokerage transactions to broker-dealers as compensation for the sales of Fund shares.
SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITY
The table below sets forth the gross income received by certain Funds from securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024. The table also shows the fees and/or other compensation paid by the applicable Funds, any other fees or payments incurred by each Fund resulting from lending securities providers, and the net income earned by the Funds for securities lending activities.
Large Cap
Fund |
Large Cap
Disciplined Equity Fund |
Large Cap Index Fund |
S&P 500
Index Fund |
Extended Market Index Fund |
|||||||||||||||||||
Gross Income from
securities lending activities (including income from cash collateral reinvestment) |
$ |
157,486 |
$ |
74,279 |
$ |
203,508 |
$ |
68,171 |
$ |
2,403,924 |
|||||||||||||
Fees and/or
compensation for securities lending activities and related services |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees paid to
securities lending agent from a revenue split |
$ |
1,742 |
$ |
3,616 |
$ |
9,071 |
$ |
133 |
$ |
97,850 |
|||||||||||||
Fees paid for any
cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split |
$ |
1,441 |
$ |
534 |
$ |
1,341 |
$ |
645 |
$ |
17,187 |
|||||||||||||
Administrative fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||
Rebate (paid to borrower) |
$ |
138,087 |
$ |
38,071 |
$ |
111,066 |
$ |
66,294 |
$ |
1,406,790 |
|||||||||||||
Other fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||||
Aggregate
fees/compensation for securities lending activities |
$ |
141,270 |
$ |
42,221 |
$ |
121,478 |
$ |
67,072 |
$ |
1,521,827 |
|||||||||||||
Net Income from securities lending activities |
$ |
16,216 |
$ |
32,058 |
$ |
82,030 |
$ |
1,099 |
$ |
882,097 |
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Small Cap
Fund |
Small Cap II
Fund |
Small/Mid Cap
Equity Fund |
U.S. Managed
Volatility Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Gross Income from
securities lending activities (including income from cash collateral reinvestment) |
$ |
159,666 |
$ |
238,887 |
$ |
585,115 |
$ |
365,105 |
|||||||||||
Fees and/or
compensation for securities lending activities and related services |
|||||||||||||||||||
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split |
$ |
3,596 |
$ |
3,965 |
$ |
5,684 |
$ |
12,199 |
|||||||||||
Fees paid for any
cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split |
$ |
1,440 |
$ |
2,148 |
$ |
5,484 |
$ |
2,730 |
|||||||||||
Administrative fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Rebate (paid to borrower) |
$ |
122,404 |
$ |
195,655 |
$ |
523,394 |
$ |
239,401 |
|||||||||||
Other fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Aggregate
fees/compensation for securities lending activities |
$ |
127,440 |
$ |
201,768 |
$ |
534,562 |
$ |
254,330 |
|||||||||||
Net Income from securities lending activities |
$ |
32,226 |
$ |
37,119 |
$ |
50,553 |
$ |
110,775 |
|||||||||||
Global Managed Volatility |
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
Core Fixed
Income Fund |
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Gross Income from
securities lending activities (including income from cash collateral reinvestment) |
$ |
975,022 |
$ |
2,368,062 |
$ |
619,394 |
$ |
23,372 |
|||||||||||
Fees and/or
compensation for securities lending activities and related services |
|||||||||||||||||||
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split |
$ |
30,367 |
$ |
48,770 |
$ |
8,765 |
$ |
594 |
|||||||||||
Fees paid for any
cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split |
$ |
8,466 |
$ |
22,288 |
$ |
5,848 |
$ |
224 |
|||||||||||
Administrative fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Rebate (paid to borrower) |
$ |
674,713 |
$ |
1,883,009 |
$ |
524,030 |
$ |
17,234 |
|||||||||||
Other fees not included in revenue split |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Aggregate
fees/compensation for securities lending activities |
$ |
713,546 |
$ |
1,954,067 |
$ |
538,643 |
$ |
18,052 |
|||||||||||
Net Income from securities lending activities |
$ |
261,476 |
$ |
413,995 |
$ |
80,751 |
$ |
5,320 |
Goldman Sachs Bank USA, d/b/a Goldman Sachs Agency Lending ("Goldman Sachs") acts as securities lending agent for certain Funds.
The services provided by Goldman Sachs include facilitating the lending of the Funds' available securities to approved borrowers and negotiating the terms and conditions of each loan with a borrower; investing any collateral received in connection with securities loaned until contrary instructions are received by the lender; marking to market on a daily basis; monitoring the marked value of the collateral delivered in connection with a securities loan and requesting sufficient margin be delivered; and instructing a borrower to return loaned securities at the termination of a loan.
During the most recent fiscal year, the U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund, World Select Equity Fund, Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund, Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Opportunistic Income Fund, High Yield Bond Fund, Long Duration Fund, Long Duration Credit Fund, Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund, Real Return Fund, Limited Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Duration Credit Fund, Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund and Multi-Asset Real Return Fund did not engage in securities lending.
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TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
Board Responsibilities. The management and affairs of the Trust and its series, including the Funds described in this SAI, are overseen by the Trustees. The Board has approved contracts, as described above, under which certain companies provide essential management services to the Trust.
Like most mutual funds, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as SIMC, the Distributor and the Administrator. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the Trust's service providers and therefore have oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have adverse material effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Funds. The Funds and their service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such risks if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust's business (e.g., SIMC is responsible for the investment performance of the Funds and, along with the Board, is responsible for the oversight of the Funds' Sub-Advisers, which, in turn, are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the Funds' service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.
The Trustees' role in risk oversight begins before the inception of a Fund, at which time SIMC presents to the Board information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, each Sub-Adviser and SIMC provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer, as well as personnel of SIMC and other service providers, such as the Fund's independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Funds may be exposed.
The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Funds by the Adviser and Sub-Advisers and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, in connection with its consideration of whether to annually renew the Advisory Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and SIMC and the various Sub-Advisory Agreements between SIMC and the Sub-Advisers with respect to the Funds, the Board annually meets with SIMC and, at least every other year, the Sub-Advisers, to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Sub-Advisers' adherence to the Funds' investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer regularly reports to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and Fund, Adviser and Sub-Adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust's policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser and Sub-Advisers. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report, any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report, any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.
The Board receives reports from the Valuation Designee and the Funds' service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Valuation Designee provides quarterly reports to the Board concerning investments for which market prices are not readily available or may be unreliable. The independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Funds' financial statements annually, focusing on major areas of financial statement risk encountered by the Funds and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses that were identified in the Funds' internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Fund management's
S-180
implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust's internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust's financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust's financial statements.
From their respective reviews of these reports and discussions with SIMC, the Sub-Advisers, the Chief Compliance Officer, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn about the material risks of the Funds, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Funds' goals and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Funds' investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through SIMC, the Sub-Advisers and the Funds' other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management and each of which has policies and methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out. These risk management policies and methods may differ in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board's ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
Members of the Board. There are eight members of the Board, six of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act ("independent Trustees"). Robert A. Nesher, an interested person of the Trust, serves as Chairman of the Board. James M. Williams, an independent Trustee, serves as the lead independent Trustee. The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the independent Trustees constitute a super-majority (75%) of the Board, the fact that the chairperson of each Committee of the Board is an independent Trustee, the amount of assets under management in the Trust and the number of funds (and classes of shares) overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the independent Trustees from Fund management.
The Board has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Governance Committee. The Audit Committee and Governance Committee are each chaired by an independent Trustee and composed of all of the independent Trustees.
In his role as lead independent Trustee, Mr. Williams, among other things: (i) presides over Board meetings in the absence of the Chairman of the Board; (ii) presides over executive sessions of the independent Trustees; (iii) along with the Chairman of the Board, oversees the development of agendas for Board meetings; (iv) facilitates dealings and communications between the independent Trustees and management and among the independent Trustees; and (v) has such other responsibilities as the Board or independent Trustees determine from time to time.
Set forth below are the names, years of birth, position with the Trust, the year in which the Trustee was elected, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee of the Trust. There is no stated term of office for the Trustees of the Trust. However, each Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust must retire from the Board by the end of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of 75 years. Current members of the Board may, upon the unanimous vote of the Governance Committee and a majority vote of the full Board, continue to serve on the Board for a maximum of five successive one calendar year terms after attaining the age of 75. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each Trustee is SEI Investments Company, One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456.
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Interested Trustees.
ROBERT A. NESHER (Born: 1946)—Chairman of the Board of Trustees* (since 1995)—President and Chief Executive Officer of the Trust 2005. SEI employee since 1974; currently performs various services on behalf of SEI Investments for which Mr. Nesher is compensated. President and Director of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP. Director of SEI Global Master Fund plc, SEI Global Assets Fund plc, SEI Global Investments Fund plc, SEI Investments—Global Funds Services, Limited, SEI Investments Global, Limited, SEI Investments (Europe) Ltd., SEI Investments—Unit Trust Management (UK) Limited, SEI Multi-Strategy Funds PLC and SEI Global Nominee Ltd. Trustee of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund, The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, Frost Family of Funds and Catholic Responsible Investments Funds. President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee of SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds and SEI Alternative Income Fund. President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020. Trustee of The KP Funds from 2013 to 2020. Vice Chairman of Schroder Series Trust and Schroder Global Series Trust from 2017 to 2018. Vice Chairman of Gallery Trust from 2015 to 2018. Vice Chairman of Winton Diversified Opportunities Fund from 2014 to 2018. Vice Chairman of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund III from 2014 to 2018. Vice Chairman of Winton Series Trust from 2014 to 2017. Vice Chairman of O'Connor EQUUS (closed-end investment company) from 2014 to 2016. President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust from 1989 to 2016. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of SEI Alpha Strategy Portfolios, LP, from 2007 to 2013.
WILLIAM M. DORAN (Born: 1940)—Trustee* (since 1995)—Self-employed consultant since 2003. Counsel to the Trust, SEI Investments, SIMC, the Administrator and the Distributor. Director of the Distributor since 2003. Director of SEI Investments since 1985. Secretary of SEI since 1978. Director of SEI Investments—Global Funds Services, Limited, SEI Investments Global, Limited, SEI Investments (Europe), Limited, SEI Investments (Asia) Limited, SEI Global Nominee Ltd. and SEI Investments—Unit Trust Management (UK) Limited. Trustee of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund III, Gallery Trust, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Fund, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Master Fund, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Tender Fund, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust and SEI Exchange Traded Funds. Trustee of Schroder Global Series Trust and Schroder Series Trust from 2017 to 2021. Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020. Trustee of Winton Diversified Opportunities Fund (closed-end investment company) from 2014 to 2018. Trustee of The KP Funds from 2013 to 2018. Trustee of Bishop Street Funds from 2006 to 2018. Trustee of The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund and The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund II from 1991 to 2018. Trustee of Winton Series Trust from 2014 to 2017. Trustee of O'Connor EQUUS (closed-end investment company) from 2014 to 2016. Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust from 1982 to 2016. Director of SEI Alpha Strategy Portfolios, LP from 2007 to 2013. Partner of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP (law firm) from 1976 to 2003.
Independent Trustees.
NINA LESAVOY (Born: 1957)—Trustee (since 2003)—Founder and Managing Director, Avec Capital (strategic fundraising firm), since April 2008. Trustee/Director of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds and SEI Alternative Income Fund. Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020. Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust from 2003 to 2016. Director of SEI Alpha Strategy Portfolios, LP from 2007 to 2013. Managing Director, Cue Capital (strategic fundraising firm) from March 2002 to March 2008.
JAMES M. WILLIAMS (Born: 1947)—Trustee (since 2004)—Retired since June 2024. Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, J. Paul Getty Trust, Non Profit Foundation for Visual Arts, from December 2002 to June 2024. Trustee/Director of Ariel Mutual Funds, SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP, SEI Asset Allocation Trust,
* Messrs. Nesher and Doran are Trustees deemed to be "interested persons" (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds by virtue of their relationships with SEI.
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SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds and SEI Alternative Income Fund. Trustee/Director of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020. Trustee of SEI Liquid Asset Trust from 2004 to 2016. Director of SEI Alpha Strategy Portfolios, LP from 2007 to 2013. President of Harbor Capital Advisors and Harbor Mutual Funds from 2000 to 2002. Manager of Pension Asset Management for Ford Motor Company from 1997 to 1999.
SUSAN C. COTE (Born: 1954)—Trustee (since 2016)—Retired since July 2015. Trustee/Director of SEI Structured Credit Fund, LP, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds and SEI Alternative Income Fund. Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2015 to 2020. Treasurer and Chair of Finance of the Investment and Audit Committee of the New York Women's Foundation from 2012 to 2017. Member of the Ernst & Young LLP Retirement Investment Committee from 2009 to 2015. Global Asset Management Assurance Leader, Ernst & Young LLP from 2006 to 2015. Partner of Ernst & Young LLP from 1997 to 2015. Americas Director of Asset Management of Ernst & Young LLP from 2006 to 2013. Employee of Prudential from 1983 to 1997.
JAMES B. TAYLOR (Born: 1950)—Trustee (since 2018)—Retired since December 2017. Trustee of SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust and SEI Exchange Traded Funds. Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2018 to 2020. Chief Investment Officer, Georgia Tech Foundation from 2008 to 2017. Director, Assistant Vice President, and Chief Investment Officer, Delta Air Lines from 1983 to 2007. Member of the Investment Committee of Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers from 1999 to 2004. President, Vice President and Treasurer for Southern Benefits Conference from 1998 to 2000.
CHRISTINE REYNOLDS (Born 1958)—Trustee (since 2019)—Retired since December 2016. Trustee of SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust and SEI Exchange Traded Funds. Trustee of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2019 to 2020. Executive Vice President at Fidelity Investments from 2014 to 2016. President at Fidelity Pricing and Cash Management Services ("FPCMS") and Chief Financial Officer of Fidelity Funds from 2008 to 2014. Chief Operating Officer of FPCMS from 2007 to 2008. President, Treasurer at Fidelity Funds from 2004 to 2007. Anti-Money Laundering Officer at Fidelity Funds in 2004. Executive Vice President at Fidelity Funds from 2002 to 2004. Audit Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1992 to 2002.
THOMAS MELENDEZ (Born 1959)—Trustee (since 2021)—Retired since April 2019. Trustee of SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust and SEI Exchange Traded Funds. Independent Consultant of New Covenant Funds and SEI Catholic Values Trust. Trustee of Boston Children's Hospital, The Partnership Inc. (non-profit organizations) and Brae Burn Country Club. Investment Officer and Institutional Equity Portfolio Manager at MFS Investment Management from 2002 to 2019. Director of Emerging Markets Group, General Manager of Operations in Argentina and Portfolio Manager for Latin America at Schroders Investment Management from 1994 to 2002.
There are currently 27 Funds in the Trust and 101 Funds in the Fund Complex.
Individual Trustee Qualifications. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the Funds provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Funds and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Funds' shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.
S-183
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Nesher should serve as Trustee because of the experience he has gained in his various roles with SEI Investments Company, which he joined in 1974, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as Trustee of the various SEI Trusts since 1989.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Doran should serve as Trustee because of the experience he gained serving as a Partner in the Investment Management and Securities Industry Practice of a large law firm, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as Trustee of the various SEI Trusts since 1982.
The Trust has concluded that Ms. Lesavoy should serve as Trustee because of the experience she gained as a Director of several private equity fundraising firms and marketing and selling a wide range of investment products to institutional investors, her experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and the experience she has gained serving as Trustee of the various SEI Trusts since 2003 and the various SEI Trusts' Governance Chair since 2014.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Williams should serve as Trustee because of the experience he gained as Chief Investment Officer of a non-profit foundation, the President of an investment management firm, the President of a registered investment company and the Manager of a public company's pension assets, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as Trustee of the various SEI Trusts since 2004.
The Trust has concluded that Ms. Cote should serve as Trustee because of her education, knowledge of financial services and investment management, and the experience she has gained as a partner at a major accounting firm, where she served as both the Global Asset Management Assurance Leader and the Americas Director of Asset Management, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment and directorships.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Taylor should serve as Trustee because of his education, knowledge of financial services and investment management, and the experience he has gained as a Chief Investment Officer at an endowment of a large university, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment and leadership positions.
The Trust has concluded that Ms. Reynolds should serve as Trustee because of the experience she has gained in her various roles with Fidelity, which she joined in 2002, including Chief Financial Officer of Fidelity Funds, her experience as a partner of a major accounting firm, and her experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Melendez should serve as Trustee because of the experience he has gained as an executive and portfolio manager of an investment management firm, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment and leadership positions.
In its periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board's overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Funds. Moreover, references to the qualifications, attributes and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not be deemed to impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
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Board Standing Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees:
• Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: (i) recommending which firm to engage as the Trust's independent auditor and whether to terminate this relationship; (ii) reviewing the independent auditor's compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement and the firm's independence; (iii) pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by the Trust's independent auditor to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; (iv) serving as a channel of communication between the independent auditor and the Trustees; (v) reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent auditor's opinion, any related management letter, management's responses to recommendations made by the independent auditor in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Audit Committee by the internal auditing department of the Trust's Administrator that are material to the Trust as a whole, if any, and management's responses to any such reports; (vi) reviewing the Trust's audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust's management and the independent auditor that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; (vii) considering, in consultation with the independent auditor and the Trust's senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent auditor's report on the adequacy of the Trust's internal financial controls; (viii) reviewing, in consultation with the Trust's independent auditor, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing the Trust's financial statements; and (ix) other audit-related matters. In addition, the Audit Committee is responsible for the oversight of the Trust's compliance program. Messrs. Williams, Taylor and Melendez and Mmes. Lesavoy, Cote and Reynolds currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets periodically, as necessary, and met four (4) times during the Trust's most recently completed fiscal year.
• Governance Committee. The Board has a standing Governance Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Governance Committee include: (i) considering and reviewing Board governance and compensation issues; (ii) conducting a self-assessment of the Board's operations; (iii) selecting and nominating all persons to serve as Independent Trustees and evaluating the qualifications of "interested" (as defined under the 1940 Act) Trustee candidates; and (iv) reviewing shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board if such recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Governance Committee at the applicable Trust's offices. Messrs. Williams, Taylor and Melendez and Mmes. Lesavoy, Cote and Reynolds currently serve as members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee shall meet at the direction of its Chair as often as appropriate to accomplish its purpose. In any event, the Governance Committee shall meet at least once each year and shall conduct at least one meeting in person. The Governance Committee met four (4) times during the Trust's most recently completed fiscal year.
Fund Shares Owned by Board Members. The following table shows the dollar amount range of each Trustee's "beneficial ownership" of shares of each of the Funds and shares of funds in the Fund Complex as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the
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SEC. "Beneficial ownership" is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "1934 Act"). The Trustees and officers of the Trust own less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
Name |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares (Fund)* |
Aggregate Dollar
Range of Shares (Fund Complex)** |
|||||||||
Interested |
|||||||||||
Mr. Nesher |
Over $100,000 (Large Cap Fund) |
Over $100,000 |
|||||||||
$1-$10,000 (S&P 500 Index Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Extended Market Index Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Over $100,000 (Small Cap Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Over $100,000 (U.S. Managed Volatility Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Global Managed Volatility Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$1-$10,000 (World Equity Ex-US Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Emerging Markets Equity Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Core Fixed Income Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (High Yield Bond Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Emerging Markets Debt Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Real Return Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Limited Duration Bond Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$1-$10,000 (Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund) |
|
||||||||||
$10,001-$50,000 (Multi-Asset Real Return Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Mr. Doran |
Over $100,000 (World Equity Ex-US Fund) |
Over $100,000 |
|||||||||
$50,001-$100,000 (Emerging Markets Equity Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Over $100,000 (Core Fixed Income Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Over $100,000 (High Yield Bond Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Over $100,000 (Emerging Markets Debt Fund) |
|
||||||||||
Independent |
|||||||||||
Ms. Lesavoy |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|||||||||
Mr. Williams |
None |
$50,001-$100,000 | |||||||||
Ms. Cote |
None |
None |
|||||||||
Mr. Taylor |
None |
$50,001-$100,000 | |||||||||
Ms. Reynolds |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|||||||||
Mr. Melendez |
None |
None |
* Valuation date is December 31, 2023.
** The Fund Complex currently consists of the following trusts: SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust and SEI Exchange Traded Funds.
Board Compensation. The Trust and the Fund Complex paid the following fees to the Trustees during its most recently completed fiscal year.
Name |
Aggregate Compensation |
Pension
or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation from the Trust and Fund Complex |
|||||||||||||||
Interested |
|||||||||||||||||||
Mr. Nesher |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
|||||||||||
Mr. Doran |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
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Name |
Aggregate Compensation |
Pension
or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation from the Trust and Fund Complex |
|||||||||||||||
Independent |
|||||||||||||||||||
Ms. Lesavoy |
$ |
166,930 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
347,500 |
|||||||||||
Mr. Williams |
$ |
171,734 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
357,500 |
|||||||||||
Mr. Harris^ |
$ |
115,146 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
340,000 |
|||||||||||
Ms. Cote |
$ |
166,930 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
347,500 |
|||||||||||
Mr. Taylor |
$ |
154,921 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
322,500 |
|||||||||||
Ms. Reynolds |
$ |
154,921 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
322,500 |
|||||||||||
Mr. Melendez |
$ |
154,921 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
322,500 |
^ Mr. Hubert L. Harris retired from the Board of Trustees effective December 31, 2023, after having dutifully served on the SEI Funds' Board since 2008.
Trust Officers. Set forth below are the names, dates of birth, position with the Trust, length of term of office and the principal occupations for the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as Executive Officers of the Trust. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each officer is SEI Institutional Investments Trust, One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456. Stephen Panner, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust, receives compensation from the Trust for his services. The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer serves in the same capacity for the other SEI trusts included in the Fund Complex, and the Trust pays its pro rata share of the aggregate compensation payable to the Chief Compliance Officer for his services.
Certain officers of the Trust also serve as officers to one or more mutual funds to which SEI or its affiliates act as investment adviser, administrator or distributor.
The officers of the Trust have been elected by the Board. Each officer shall hold office until the election and qualification of his or her successor or until earlier resignation or removal.
ROBERT A. NESHER (Born: 1946)—President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2005)—See biographical information above under the heading "Interested Trustees."
TIMOTHY D. BARTO (Born: 1968)—Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer (since 2002)—Vice President and Secretary of SEI Institutional Transfer Agent, Inc. since 2009. General Counsel and Secretary of SIMC since 2004. Vice President and Assistant Secretary of SEI since 2001. Vice President of SIMC and the Administrator since 1999.
GLENN R. KURDZIEL (Born: 1974)—Controller and Chief Financial Officer (since 2023)—Controller and Chief Financial Officer of SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds and SEI Alternative Income Fund since August 2023. Assistant Controller of SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Institutional Investments Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds and SEI Catholic Values Trust from 2017 to 2023. Assistant Controller of SEI Exchange Traded Funds from 2022 to 2023. Senior Manager of Funds Accounting of SEI Investments Global Funds Services from 2005 to 2023.
STEPHEN F. PANNER (Born: 1970)—Chief Compliance Officer (since 2022)—Chief Compliance Officer of SEI Asset Allocation Trust, SEI Daily Income Trust, SEI Tax Exempt Trust, SEI Institutional International Trust, SEI Institutional Managed Trust, Adviser Managed Trust, New Covenant Funds, SEI Catholic Values Trust, SEI Exchange Traded Funds, SEI Structured Credit Fund LP, The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund, The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund II, Bishop Street Funds, Frost Family of Funds, The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund III, Gallery Trust, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Fund, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Master Fund, Delaware Wilshire Private Markets Tender Fund and Catholic Responsible Investments Funds since September 2022. Chief Compliance Officer of SEI Alternative Income Fund since 2023. Fund Compliance Officer of SEI Investments
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Company from February 2011 to September 2022. Fund Accounting Director and CFO and Controller for the SEI Funds from July 2005 to February 2011.
STEPHEN G. MACRAE (Born: 1967)—Vice President (since 2012)—Director of Global Investment Product Management, January 2004 to present. Vice President of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020.
DAVID F. MCCANN (Born: 1976)—Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2009)—General Counsel and Secretary of SEI Institutional Transfer Agent, Inc. from 2020 to 2023. Vice President and Assistant Secretary of SIMC since 2008. Vice President and Assistant Secretary of SEI Insurance Products Trust from 2013 to 2020. Attorney at Drinker Biddle & Reath, LLP (law firm) from May 2005 to October 2008.
KATHERINE MASON (Born: 1979)—Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2022)—Consulting Attorney at Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. (investment company) from October 2021 to June 2022. Attorney at Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP (law firm) from September 2007 to July 2012.
BRIDGET E. SUDALL (Born: 1980)—Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Privacy Officer (since April 2024 and previously from 2015 to May 2022 and November 2022 to June 2023)—Chief Compliance Officer of SEI Operations from May 2022 to November 2022 and June 2023 to present. Senior Associate and AML Officer at Morgan Stanley Alternative Investment Partners from April 2011 to March 2015. Investor Services Team Lead at Morgan Stanley Alternative Investment Partners from July 2007 to April 2011.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Funds have delegated proxy voting responsibilities to SIMC, subject to the Board's general oversight. As required by applicable regulations, SIMC must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of each investment advisory client who delegates voting responsibility to SIMC, which includes the Funds (each a "Client") and must not place its own interests above those of its Clients. SIMC has adopted its own written proxy voting policies, procedures and guidelines that are reasonably designed to meet this purpose (the "Procedures"). The Procedures may be changed as necessary to remain current with regulatory requirements and internal policies and procedures.
SIMC has elected to retain an independent proxy voting service (the "Service") to vote proxies with respect to its Clients. The Service votes proxies in accordance with guidelines (the "Proxy Guidelines") approved by SIMC's Proxy Voting Committee (the "Proxy Committee") with certain limited exceptions as outlined below. The Proxy Guidelines set forth the manner in which SIMC will vote, or the manner in which SIMC shall determine how to vote, with respect to matters that may come up for shareholder vote. The Service will review each matter on a case-by-case basis and, in most cases, vote the proxies in accordance with the Proxy Guidelines.
Prior to voting a proxy, the Service makes available to SIMC its recommendation on how to vote in light of the Proxy Guidelines. SIMC retains the authority to overrule the Service's recommendation in certain scenarios (as listed below) and instruct the Service to vote in a manner in variance with the Service's recommendation:
• Requests by Sub-Advisers to Direct Proxy Votes. Sub-Advisers retained by SIMC to manage the Funds may contact SIMC with requests that SIMC direct a proxy vote in a particular solicitation which would differ from the Service's recommendation.
• Recommendations by Engagement Vendor. In addition to retaining the Service, SIMC has also engaged a third party vendor to assist with engagement services (the "Engagement Service"). The Engagement Service strives to help investors manage reputational risk and increase corporate accountability through proactive, professional and constructive engagement. It does so by collaborating with investors, facilitating avenues of active ownership (including direct, constructive dialogue with companies) and assisting with shareholder resolutions and proxy voting decisions. As a result of this process, the Engagement Service will at times provide SIMC with proxy voting recommendations that may conflict with the Proxy Guidelines. Recommendations from the Engagement Service to potentially override the Service's recommendation are expected to be limited to proxy matters that bear on the subject of the engagement with that issuer.
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In all circumstances identified above, the Proxy Committee shall convene and adhere to the conflicts provisions of the Procedures. For any proposal where the Proxy Committee determines that SIMC does not have a material conflict of interest, the Proxy Committee may overrule the Service's recommendation if the Proxy Committee reasonably determines that doing so is in the best interest of the Clients. For any proposal where the Proxy Committee determines that SIMC has a material conflict of interest, SIMC must vote in accordance with the Service's recommendation unless it has first fully disclosed to each Client holding the security at issue the nature of the conflict and obtained each Client's consent as to how SIMC will vote on the proposal. If the Proxy Committee decides to overrule the Service's recommendation, the Proxy Committee shall maintain a written record setting forth the basis of its decision.
In some circumstances, SIMC may determine it is in the best interest of its Clients to abstain from voting certain proxies. These include (but are not necessarily limited to) the following circumstances:
• Proxy Guidelines do not cover an issue;
• The Service does not make a recommendation on the issue;
• SIMC determines that the costs of voting exceed the expected benefits to Clients;
• The accounts engage in securities lending;
• The vote is subject to "share blocking," which requires investors who intend to vote to surrender the right to dispose of their shares until after the shareholder meeting, potentially creating liquidity issues; and
• The Proxy Committee is unable to convene to determine whether the proposal would be in the Client's best interests.
With respect to proxies of an affiliated investment company or series thereof, SIMC will vote such proxies in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the investment company or series thereof (i.e., "echo vote" or "mirror vote").
With respect to proxies in foreign jurisdictions, certain countries or issuers may require SIMC to have a duly executed power of attorney in place with such country or issuer in order to vote a proxy. The Service may execute, on behalf of SIMC, power of attorney requirements in order to satisfy these requirements. Under circumstances where the issuer, not the jurisdiction, requires an issuer-specific, shareholder-specific or other limited power of attorney in order to vote a proxy, the Service will coordinate with SIMC in order to execute such power of attorney. In these instances, it may not be convenient or practicable to execute a power of attorney in sufficient time to vote proxies in that meeting, and SIMC may abstain from voting.
For each proxy, SIMC maintains all related records as required by applicable law. The Trust is required to file how all proxies were voted with respect to portfolio securities held by the Funds. A Client may obtain, without charge, a copy of SIMC's Procedures and Proxy Guidelines, or information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, by calling SIMC at 1-800-DIAL-SEI, by writing to SIMC at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456 or on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Shares of a Fund may be purchased in exchange for securities included in the Fund subject to the Administrator's determination that the securities are acceptable. Securities accepted in an exchange will be valued at market value. All accrued interest and subscription of other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the Trust and must be delivered by the shareholder to the Trust upon receipt from the issuer. A shareholder may recognize a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in making the exchange.
The Administrator will not accept securities for a Fund unless: (i) such securities are appropriate for the Fund at the time of the exchange; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for resale; (iii) the shareholder represents and agrees that all securities offered to the Trust for the Fund are not subject to any
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restrictions upon their sale by the Fund under the 1933 Act or otherwise; (iv) such securities are traded on the American Stock Exchange, the NYSE or on NASDAQ in an unrelated transaction with a quoted sales price on the same day the exchange valuation is made or, if not listed on such exchanges or on NASDAQ, have prices available from an independent pricing service approved by the Board; and (v) the securities may be acquired under the investment restrictions applicable to the Fund.
It is currently the Trust's policy to pay all redemptions in cash. The Trust retains the right, however, to alter this policy to provide for redemptions in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities held by a Fund in lieu of cash. Shareholders may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any such securities so received in payment of redemptions.
A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes may be realized by a taxable shareholder upon an in-kind redemption depending upon the shareholder's basis in the shares of the Trust redeemed.
The Trust reserves the right to suspend the right of redemption and/or to postpone the date of payment upon redemption for any period during which trading on the NYSE is restricted, during the existence of an emergency (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) as a result of which disposal or evaluation of the Funds' securities is not reasonably practicable or for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit. The Trust also reserves the right to suspend sales of shares of the Funds for any period during which the NYSE, SIMC, the Administrator, the Distributor, the Funds' Sub-Advisers and/or the custodian are not open for business. Currently, the following holidays are observed by the Trust: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Additionally, the NYSE closes early on the following days: the day before Independence Day, the day after Thanksgiving and Christmas Eve.
REDEMPTIONS IN-KIND
Each Fund reserves the right, under certain conditions, to honor any request for redemption by making payment in whole or in part in securities valued as described in the prospectus. The specific security or securities to be distributed will be determined by the Fund and could include a pro-rata slice of the Fund's portfolio or a non-pro-rata slice of the Fund's portfolio, depending upon various circumstances and subject to any applicable laws or regulations.
Redemptions in-kind may reduce the need for a Fund to maintain cash reserves, reduce Fund transaction costs, reduce the need to sell Fund investments at inopportune times, and lower Fund capital gain recognition.
In some circumstances, a Fund, in its discretion, may accept large purchase orders from one or more financial institutions that are willing, upon redemption of their investment in the Fund, to receive their redemption in-kind rather than in cash. A Fund's ability to pay these redemption proceeds in-kind relieves the Fund of the need to sell the securities that are distributed in-kind and incur brokerage and other transaction costs associated with such sales. As with other redemption-in-kind transactions, a Fund would enter into these transactions only when the Fund determines it to be in the Fund's best interest to do so, and in accordance with the Fund's applicable policies on redemptions.
With any redemption in-kind, a shareholder who receives securities through a redemption in-kind and desires to convert them to cash may incur brokerage and other transaction costs in selling the securities. Also, there may be a risk that redemption in-kind activity could negatively impact the market value of the securities distributed in-kind and, in turn, the NAV of Funds that hold securities that are being distributed in-kind. SIMC believes that the benefits to a Fund of redemptions in-kind will generally outweigh the risk of any potential negative NAV impact.
TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain additional U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Funds or their shareholders and the discussion here and in the Funds'
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Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations.
This discussion of federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company and Taxation of the Funds. Each Fund has elected and intends to qualify to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code so that it will be relieved of federal income tax on that part of its income that is timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify as a RIC under the Code, each Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its net investment income (which, includes dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, less operating expenses) and at least 90% of its net tax exempt interest income, for each tax year, if any (the "Distribution Requirement") and also must meet certain additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund's gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (the "Qualifying Income Test"); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year: (A) at least 50% of the value of each Fund's total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of each Fund's total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, including the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (B) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets is invested, including through corporations in which a Fund owns a 20% or greater voting interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or the securities (other than the securities of another RIC) of two or more issuers that a Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the "Asset Test").
Although the Funds intend to distribute substantially all of their net investment income and may distribute their capital gains for any taxable year, the Funds will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. A Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. Losses in one Fund do not offset gains in another and the requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
If a Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income or Asset Tests in any taxable year, such Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If a Fund fails to maintain qualification as a RIC for a tax year, and the relief provisions are not available, such Fund will be subject to federal income tax at the regular corporate rate (currently 21%) without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such case, its shareholders would be taxed as if they received ordinary dividends to the extent of a Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits, although corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends received deduction (subject to certain limitations) and individuals may be able to benefit from the lower tax rates available to qualified dividend income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
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A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund's taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A "qualified late year loss" generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as "post-October losses") and certain other late-year losses.
The treatment of capital loss carryovers for RICs is similar to the rules that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals and provide that such losses are carried over by a Fund indefinitely. Thus, if a Fund has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) the excess of the Fund's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. In addition, the carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if a Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code. For more information about the amount of capital loss carry-forwards for the most recent fiscal year, please refer to the Annual Report of the Funds.
Excise Taxes. Notwithstanding the Distribution Requirement described above, which generally only requires a Fund to distribute at least 90% of its annual investment company taxable income and the excess of its exempt interest income (but does not require any minimum distribution of net capital gain), a Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of the calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for that year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of short- and long-term capital gain over short- and long-term capital loss) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions to avoid liability for the federal excise tax, but can make no assurances that such tax will be completely eliminated. For example, a Fund may receive delayed or corrected tax reporting statements from its investments that cause such Fund to accrue additional income and gains after such Fund has already made its excise tax distributions for the year. In such situation, a Fund may incur an excise tax liability resulting from such delayed receipt of such tax information statements. In addition, a Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate Fund investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid federal excise tax liability at a time when the investment advisor might not otherwise have chosen to do so, and liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of a Fund to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a RIC.
Fund Distributions. The Funds receive income generally in the form of dividends and interest on investments. This income, plus net short-term capital gains, if any, less expenses incurred in the operation of a Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. Any distributions by a Fund from such income will be taxable to you as ordinary income or at the lower capital gains rates that apply to individuals receiving qualified dividend income, whether you take them in cash or in additional shares.
Distributions by a Fund will be eligible for the reduced maximum tax rate to individuals of 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and the Fund reports the distributions as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (e.g., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that: (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for more than 60 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become "ex-dividend" (which is the day on which declared distributions (dividends or capital gains) are deducted from each Fund's assets before it calculates the net asset value) with respect to such dividend, (ii) each Fund has not satisfied similar holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder, (iii) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property, or (iv) the
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shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Code. Therefore, if you lend your shares in a Fund, such as pursuant to a securities lending arrangement, you may lose the ability to treat dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividend income. Distributions that the Funds receive from an underlying fund taxable as a RIC or from a REIT will be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent so reported by such underlying fund or REIT. The Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Real Return, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds are each expected to make primarily ordinary income distributions that will not be treated as qualified dividend income. In addition, the investment strategies of certain Funds may limit their ability to make distributions eligible to be reported as qualified dividend income.
In the case of corporate shareholders, Fund distributions (other than capital gain distributions) generally qualify for the dividends received deduction to the extent of the gross amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for the year. Generally, and subject to certain limitations (including certain holding period limitations), a dividend will be treated as a qualifying dividend if it has been received from a domestic corporation. The Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Emerging Markets Debt, Real Return, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds are each expected to make primarily ordinary income distributions that will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate taxpayers. In addition, the investment strategies of certain Funds may limit their ability to make distributions eligible for the dividends received deduction.
Distributions by the Funds of their net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Capital gain distributions consisting of a Fund's net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains for individual shareholders at a current maximum rate of 20% regardless of how long you have held your shares in such Fund. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards.
To the extent that a Fund makes a distribution of income received by such Fund in lieu of dividends (a "substitute payment") with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.
If a Fund's distributions exceed its current and accumulated earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder's cost basis in a Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.
A dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of shares reduces the net asset value of the shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and, although in effect a return of capital, will be taxable to the shareholder. If the net asset value of shares were reduced below the shareholder's cost by dividends or distributions representing gains realized on sales of securities, such dividends or distributions would be a return of investment, though taxable to the shareholder in the same manner as other dividends or distributions.
Dividends declared to shareholders of record in October, November or December and actually paid in January of the following year will be treated as having been received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared. Under this rule, therefore, a shareholder may be taxed in one year on dividends or distributions actually received in January of the following year.
A Fund (or its administrative agent) will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income and capital gain distributions shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have not held Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you, as ordinary income or capital gain, a percentage of income that is not equal to the actual percentage of such income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund.
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Net Investment Income Tax. U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a 3.8% tax on their "net investment income," including interest, dividends and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund).
Sales, Exchanges, or Redemptions of Shares. Any gain or loss recognized on a sale, exchange or redemption of shares of a Fund by a shareholder who holds Fund shares as capital assets will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than twelve months and otherwise will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. However, if shares on which a shareholder has received a net capital gain distribution are subsequently sold, exchanged or redeemed and such shares have been held for six months or less, any loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the net capital gain distribution. In addition, the loss realized on a sale or other disposition of shares will be disallowed to the extent a shareholder repurchases (or enters into a contract or option to repurchase) shares within a period of 61 days (beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares). This loss disallowance rule will apply to shares received through the reinvestment of dividends during the 61-day period. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale.
Each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to shareholders the cost basis information for shares. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of its shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) is also required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares have a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of its shares, each Fund will permit its shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average cost basis method. In the absence of an election, each Fund will use a default cost basis method, which has been separately communicated to you. The cost basis method elected by shareholders (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of a Fund's shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of a Fund's shares. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about cost basis reporting. Shareholders also should carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
Foreign Taxes. Dividends and interest received by a Fund from foreign sources may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and United States possessions that would reduce the yield on a Fund's securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate these taxes. Foreign countries generally do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund's total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, a Fund will be eligible to, and intends to, file an election with the IRS that will enable shareholders, in effect, to receive the benefit of the foreign tax credit with respect to any foreign and United States possessions income taxes paid by a Fund. Pursuant to the election, a Fund will treat those taxes as dividends paid to its shareholders. Each shareholder will be required to include a proportionate share of those taxes in gross income as income received from a foreign source and must treat the amount so included as if the shareholder had paid the foreign tax directly. The shareholder may then either deduct the taxes deemed paid by him or her in computing his or her taxable income or, alternatively, use the foregoing information in calculating the foreign tax credit (subject to significant limitations) against the shareholder's federal income tax. If a Fund makes the election, it will report annually to its shareholders the respective amounts per share of the Fund's income from sources within, and taxes paid to, foreign countries and United States possessions. If a Fund does not hold sufficient foreign securities to meet the above threshold, then shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or further deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
A shareholder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by a Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in a shareholder not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. In particular, shareholders must hold their Fund shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 additional days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a given dividend. Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but no
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deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if a Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by a Fund.
Foreign tax credits, if any, received by a Fund as a result of an investment in another RIC (including an ETF which is taxable as a RIC) will not be passed through to you unless the Fund qualifies as a "qualified fund-of-funds" under the Code. If a Fund is a "qualified fund-of-funds" it will be eligible to file an election with the IRS that will enable the Fund to pass along these foreign tax credits to its shareholders. A Fund will be treated as a "qualified fund-of-funds" under the Code if at least 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets (at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year) is represented by interests in other RICs.
Federal Tax Treatment of Certain Fund Investments. A Fund may invest in complex securities. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect a Fund's ability to qualify as a RIC, affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary income or loss or capital gain or loss, accelerate the recognition of income to a Fund and/or defer such Fund's ability to recognize losses, and, in limited cases, subject the Funds to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of their foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by such Fund.
Certain derivative investment by the Funds, such as exchange-traded products (including exchange-traded commodity pools) and OTC derivatives may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the "Qualifying Income Test" described above, which must be met in order for a Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code. In addition, the determination of the value and the identity of the issuer of such derivative investments are often unclear for purposes of the "Asset Test" described above. The Funds intend to carefully monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits and to ensure that they are adequately diversified under the Asset Test. The Funds, however, may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments and there are no assurances that the IRS will agree with the Funds' determination under the "Asset Test" with respect to such derivatives.
A Fund is required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures and options contracts subject to section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256 Contracts) as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. Gain or loss from Section 1256 Contracts on broad-based indexes required to be marked-to-market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders. A Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on Section 1256 Contracts to the extent of any unrecognized gains on offsetting positions held by such Fund. These provisions may also require the Funds to mark-to-market certain types of positions in their portfolios (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and for avoiding the excise tax discussed above. Accordingly, in order to avoid certain income and excise taxes, a Fund may be required to liquidate its investments at a time when the investment adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
A Fund's transactions in foreign currencies and forward currency contracts will be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by such Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and for avoiding the excise tax described above. The Funds intend to monitor their transactions, intend to make the appropriate tax elections, and intend to make the appropriate entries in their books and records when they acquire any foreign currency or forward foreign currency contract in order to mitigate the effect of these rules so as to prevent disqualification of a Fund as a RIC and minimize the imposition of income and excise taxes.
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Accordingly, in order to avoid certain income and excise taxes, each Fund may be required to liquidate its investments at a time when the investment advisor might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
The U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from the Qualifying Income Test described above if such gains are not directly related to a Fund's business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). Accordingly, regulations may be issued in the future that could treat some or all of a Fund's non-U.S. currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby potentially jeopardizing the Fund's status as a RIC for all years to which the regulations are applicable.
If a Fund owns shares in certain foreign investment entities, referred to as "passive foreign investment companies" or "PFICs," the Fund will be subject to one of the following special tax regimes: (i) the Fund would be liable for U.S. federal income tax, and an additional interest charge, on a portion of any "excess distribution" from such foreign entity or any gain from the disposition of such shares, even if the entire distribution or gain is paid out by the Fund as a dividend to its shareholders; (ii) if the Fund were able and elected to treat a PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" ("QEF") the Fund would be required each year to include in income, and distribute to shareholders in accordance with the distribution requirements set forth above, the Fund's pro rata share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the PFIC, whether or not such earnings or gains are distributed to the Fund; or (iii) the Fund may be entitled to mark-to-market annually shares of the PFIC, and in such event would be required to distribute to shareholders any such mark-to-market gains in accordance with the Distribution Requirement set forth above. Amounts included in income each year by a Fund arising from a QEF election, will be "qualifying income" under the Qualifying Income Test (as described above) even if not distributed to the Fund, if the Fund derives such income from its business of investing in stock, securities or currencies.
With respect to investments in STRIPS, TRs, and other zero coupon securities which are sold at original issue discount and thus do not make periodic cash interest payments, a Fund will be required to include as part of its current income the imputed interest on such obligations even though the Fund has not received any interest payments on such obligations during that period. Because each Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income to its shareholders, a Fund may have to sell Fund securities to distribute such imputed income which may occur at a time when the Adviser would not have chosen to sell such securities and which may result in taxable gain or loss.
Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by a Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund's disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.
A Fund may invest in inflation-linked debt securities. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-linked debt security will be original interest discount, which is taxable as ordinary income and is required to be distributed, even though the Fund will not receive the principal, including any increase thereto, until maturity. As noted above, if a Fund invests in such securities it may be required to liquidate other investments, including at times when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements and to eliminate any possible taxation at the Fund level.
Under final Treasury Regulations, a RIC that receives business interest income may pass through its net business interest income for purposes of the tax rules applicable to the interest expense limitations under section 163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code. A RIC's total "Section 163(j) Interest Dividend" for a tax year is limited to the excess of the RIC's business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. A RIC may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, which would allow the recipient shareholder to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining such shareholder's interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j). This can potentially increase the amount of a shareholder's interest expense deductible under Section 163(j). In general, to be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) Interest Dividend as interest income, you must have held your shares in a Fund for more than
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180 days during the 361-day period beginning on the date that is 180 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend. However, such holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, if so designated by a Fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the IRS.
A Fund may invest in REITs. Investments in REIT equity securities may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. A Fund's investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in a Fund's receipt of cash in excess of the REIT's earnings; if a Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to such Fund's shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid by a REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the REIT's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a REIT to a Fund will be treated as long-term capital gains by the Fund and, in turn, may be distributed by the Fund to its shareholders as a capital gain distribution. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends received deduction. If a REIT is operated in a manner such that it fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the REIT would be subject to federal income tax at the regular corporate rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the REIT's current and accumulated earnings and profits.
"Qualified REIT dividends" (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income eligible for capital gain tax rates) are eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). Distributions by a Fund to its shareholders that are attributable to qualified REIT dividends received by such Fund and which such Fund properly reports as "section 199A dividends," are treated as "qualified REIT dividends" in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. A Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. Unless later extended or made permanent, this 20% deduction will no longer be available for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
REITs in which a Fund invests often do not provide complete and final tax information to the Funds until after the time that the Funds issue a tax reporting statement. As a result, a Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify the amount and character of its distributions to you after it issues your tax reporting statement. When such reclassification is necessary, a Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a corrected, final Form 1099-DIV to reflect the reclassified information. If you receive a corrected Form 1099-DIV, use the information on this corrected form, and not the information on the previously issued tax reporting statement, in completing your tax returns.
The status of certain commodity-linked derivative instruments as qualifying income has been addressed in Revenue Ruling 2006-1 and Revenue Ruling 2006-31, which provide that income from certain commodity-linked derivative instruments that certain Funds may invest in, may not be considered qualifying income for purposes of satisfying the Qualifying Income Test for qualification as a RIC. Each Fund will attempt to restrict its income from commodity-linked derivative instruments that it believes do not generate qualifying income, to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income). However, a Fund may generate more non-qualifying income than anticipated, may not be able to generate qualifying income in a particular taxable year at levels sufficient to meet the qualifying income requirement, or may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments.
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Accordingly, the extent to which a Fund invests in commodities or commodity-linked derivative instruments directly may be limited by the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code, which each Fund must continue to satisfy to maintain its status as a RIC. Failure to comply with such requirements would have significant negative tax consequences to Fund shareholders. As described in more detail above under "Taxes—Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company and Taxation of the Funds" a Fund may be able to cure a failure to meet the qualifying income requirement in certain circumstances, but in order to do so the Fund may incur significant Fund-level taxes, which would effectively reduce (and could eliminate) the Fund's returns.
A U.S. person, including a Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of 10% or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a "U.S. Shareholder" for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. Because of its investment in the Subsidiary, each Commodity Fund is a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, each Commodity Fund is required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes for each taxable year of the Fund its pro rata share of its CFC's "Subpart F" income (discussed further below) and any GILTI for the CFC's taxable year ending within the Fund's taxable year whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC. GILTI generally includes the active operating profits of the CFC, reduced by a deemed return on the tax basis of the CFC's depreciable tangible assets.
Each of the Commodity Funds may gain most of its exposure to the commodities markets through its investment in its own Subsidiary, which invests directly in commodities and in equity-linked securities and commodity-linked derivative instruments, including options, futures contracts, swaps, options on futures contracts and commodity-linked structured notes. The Commodity Funds' investment in their respective Subsidiaries is expected to provide the Commodity Funds with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a RIC. The "Subpart F" income (defined in Section 951 of the Code to include passive income, including from commodity-linked derivatives) of the Commodity Funds attributable to their investment in a Subsidiary is "qualifying income" to the Commodity Funds to the extent that such income is derived with respect to the Commodity Fund's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Each Commodity Fund expects its "Subpart F" income attributable to its investment in its Subsidiary to be derived with respect to the Commodity Fund's business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Accordingly, each Commodity Fund expects its "Subpart F" income attributable to its investment in a Subsidiary to be treated as "qualifying income." The Adviser will carefully monitor the Commodity Funds' investments in their respective Subsidiaries to ensure that no more than 25% of a Commodity Fund's assets are invested in its Subsidiary.
Subpart F income and GILTI are treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFC's underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to the Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from the Fund's other investments. In addition, net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year generally cannot be carried forward by the CFC to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. To the extent a Commodity Fund invests in its Subsidiary and recognizes "Subpart F" income or GILTI in excess of actual cash distributions from the Subsidiary, if any, it may be required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level. "Subpart F" income also includes the excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and other similar transactions) in commodities.
A Commodity Fund's recognition of any "Subpart F" income or GILTI from an investment in its Subsidiary will increase the Commodity Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by a Subsidiary to a Commodity Fund, including in redemption of the Subsidiary's shares, will be tax free, to the extent of the Subsidiary's previously undistributed "Subpart F" income or GILTI, and will correspondingly reduce the Commodity Fund's tax basis in its Subsidiary, and any distributions in excess of the Commodity Fund's tax basis in its Subsidiary will be treated as realized gain. Any losses with respect to a Commodity Fund's shares of its Subsidiary will not be currently recognized. A Commodity Fund's investment in its Subsidiary will potentially have the effect of
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accelerating the Commodity Fund's recognition of income and causing its income to be treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of its Subsidiary's income. If a net loss is realized by a Subsidiary, such loss is generally not available to offset the income earned by a Commodity Fund. In addition, the net losses incurred during a taxable year by a Subsidiary cannot be carried forward by such Subsidiary to offset gains realized by it in subsequent taxable years. A Commodity Fund will not receive any credit in respect of any non-U.S. tax borne by its Subsidiary.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k)s and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI"). Tax-exempt entities are not permitted to offset losses from one trade or business against the income or gain of another trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, the Funds generally serve to block UBTI from being realized by their tax-exempt shareholders. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of an investment in a Fund where, for example: (i) a Fund invests in residual interests of REMICs; (ii) a Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) or that has a subsidiary that is TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC; or (iii) shares in a Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. There are no restrictions preventing a Fund from holding investments in REITs that generate UBTI to their shareholders. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisor. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding these issues.
The Funds' shares held in a tax-qualified retirement account will generally not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distributions from a Fund until a shareholder begins receiving payments from his or her retirement account. Because each shareholder's tax situation is different, shareholders should consult their tax advisor regarding the federal, state and local tax implications of investing in Fund shares.
Backup Withholding. A Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold, at a rate of 24%, and remit to the United States Treasury the amount withheld on amounts payable to any shareholder who: (i) has provided the Fund either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all; (ii) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends; (iii) has failed to certify to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding; or (iv) has failed to certify to the Fund that the shareholder is a U.S. person (including a resident alien). Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. If you are not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States, a Fund's ordinary income dividends will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies or unless such income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, designate all or a portion of a dividend as an "interest-related dividend" that if received by a nonresident alien or foreign entity would generally be exempt from the 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. A Fund may also, under certain circumstances, designate all or a portion of a dividend as a "qualified short-term capital gain dividend," which if received by a nonresident alien or foreign entity would generally be exempt from the 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless the foreign person is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year.
Under legislation generally known as "FATCA" (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act), a Fund is required to withhold 30% of certain ordinary dividends it pays to shareholders that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements. In general, no such withholding will be required with respect to a U.S. person or non-U.S. person that timely provides the certifications required by a Fund or its agent on a valid IRS Form W-9 or applicable series of IRS Form W-8, respectively. Shareholders potentially subject to withholding include foreign financial institutions ("FFIs"), such as non-U.S. investment funds, and non-financial foreign
S-199
entities ("NFFEs"). To avoid withholding under FATCA, an FFI generally must enter into an information sharing agreement with the IRS in which it agrees to report certain identifying information (including name, address, and taxpayer identification number) with respect to its U.S. account holders (which, in the case of an entity shareholder, may include its direct and indirect U.S. owners), and an NFFE generally must identify and provide other required information to a Fund or other withholding agent regarding its U.S. owners, if any. Such non-U.S. shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by regulations and other guidance. A non-U.S. shareholder resident or doing business in a country that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.
A non-U.S. entity that invests in a Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity's status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors in the Funds should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax, in addition to the federal income tax consequences referred to above. If a shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States.
Non-U.S. Investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisor prior to investing in a Fund.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, generally, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC such as a Fund are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
State Taxes. It is expected that each Fund will not be liable for any corporate excise or income tax in Massachusetts if it qualifies as a RIC for federal income tax purposes. Distributions by a Fund to shareholders and the ownership of shares may be subject to state and local taxes.
Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting an investment in Fund shares.
Many states grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. Government, subject in some states to minimum investment requirements that must be met by a Fund. Investment in Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae securities, bankers' acceptances, commercial paper and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities do not generally qualify for such tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are generally different for corporate shareholders.
FUND PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Brokerage Selection. The Trust has no obligation to deal with any broker or dealer or group of brokers or dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities. Subject to policies established by the Trustees, the SIMC and the Funds' Sub-Advisers are responsible for placing orders to execute Fund transactions. In placing orders, it is the Trust's policy to seek to obtain the best net results, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable dealer spread), size, type and difficulty of the transaction involved, the firm's general execution and operational facilities and the firm's risk in positioning the securities involved. While SIMC and the Sub-Advisers generally seek reasonably competitive spreads or brokerage commissions, the Trust will not
S-200
necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. The Trust will not purchase fund securities from any affiliated person acting as principal except in conformity with the regulations of the SEC.
The money market securities in which a Fund invests are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market. Bonds and debentures are usually traded over-the-counter, but may be traded on an exchange. Where possible, the advisers will deal directly with the broker-dealers who make a market in the securities involved except in those circumstances where better prices and execution are available elsewhere. Such broker-dealers usually act as principal for their own account. On occasion, securities may be purchased directly from the issuer. Money market securities are generally traded on a net basis and do not normally involve brokerage commissions, dealer spreads or underwriting discounts, transfer taxes or other direct transaction expenses.
It is expected that the Funds may execute a substantial portion of their brokerage or other agency transactions through the Distributor, a registered broker-dealer, for a commission, in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules of the SEC. Under these provisions, the Distributor is permitted to receive and retain compensation for effecting fund transactions for a Fund on an exchange. These provisions further require that commissions paid to the Distributor by the Trust for exchange transactions not exceed "usual and customary" brokerage commissions. The rules define "usual and customary" commissions to include amounts which are "reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time." In addition, a Fund may direct commission business to one or more designated broker-dealers, including the Distributor, in connection with such broker-dealer's payment of certain of the Fund's expenses. The Trustees, including those who are not "interested persons" (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to the Distributor and will review these procedures periodically.
The Trust does not expect to use one particular broker or dealer, and when one or more brokers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable, may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to SIMC or a Sub-Adviser. SIMC or a Sub-Adviser may pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers in return for such services only if a good faith determination is made that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act ("Section 28(e)") permits SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause a Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. Brokerage and research services include: (i) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (ii) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (iii) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement and custody). In the case of research services, SIMC and the Sub-Advisers believe that access to independent investment research is beneficial to their investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Funds. In addition to agency transactions, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, as defined by the Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), and in accordance with applicable SEC guidance.
The research services received from a broker-dealer may be complicated by MiFID II, which places restrictions on the receipt of research services by EU authorized investment firms and certain affiliated US asset managers.
To the extent research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic or institutional areas and information that assists in the valuation and pricing of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which SIMC or a Sub-Adviser might utilize Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, sectors, groups of
S-201
securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis.
SIMC or a Sub-Adviser may use research services furnished by brokers in servicing all client accounts and not all services may necessarily be used in connection with the account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. Information so received by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by SIMC or a Sub-Adviser under their Investment Advisory Agreements. Any advisory, sub-advisory or other fees paid to SIMC or a Sub-Adviser are not reduced as a result of the receipt of research services.
In some cases, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser receive a service from a broker that has both a "research" and a "non-research" use. When this occurs, SIMC or a Sub-Adviser, as applicable, makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while SIMC or a Sub-Adviser will use their own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, SIMC and the Sub-Advisers face a potential conflict of interest, but SIMC and the Sub-Advisers believe that their respective allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that they appropriately allocate the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.
From time to time, the Funds may purchase new issues of securities for clients in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the seller may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide SIMC or a Sub-Adviser with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the seller will provide research "credits" in these situations at a rate that is higher than that which is available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
SIMC also from time to time executes trades with the Distributor, acting as introducing broker, in connection with the transition of the securities and other assets included in a Fund's portfolio when there is a change in the Sub-Adviser(s) in the Fund or a reallocation of assets among the Fund's Sub-Adviser(s). An unaffiliated third-party broker selected by SIMC or the relevant Sub-Adviser provides execution and clearing services with respect to such trades and is compensated for such services out of the commission paid to the Distributor on the trades. All such transactions effected using the Distributor as introducing broker must be accomplished in a manner that is consistent with the Trust's policy to achieve best net results and must comply with the Trust's procedures regarding the execution of Fund transactions through affiliated brokers. The Funds do not direct brokerage to brokers in recognition of, or as compensation for, the promotion or sale of Fund shares.
Certain information about the Funds' brokerage activities, including brokerage activities with affiliated brokers, for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, is set forth below:
Total $ Amount of Brokerage Commissions Paid (000) |
Total $ Amount of Brokerage Commissions Paid to Affiliated Brokers (000) |
% of
Total Brokerage Commissions Paid to the Affiliated Brokers |
% of
Total Brokerage Transactions Effected Through Affiliated Brokers |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2024 |
2024 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
$ |
201 |
$ |
152 |
$ |
114 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
7 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap
Disciplined Equity Fund |
$ |
488 |
$ |
304 |
$ |
503 |
$ |
21 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
43 |
8.50 |
% |
10.50 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
$ |
28 |
$ |
39 |
$ |
50 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
$ |
66 |
$ |
81 |
$ |
176 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
$ |
67 |
$ |
82 |
$ |
199 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Fund |
$ |
262 |
$ |
276 |
$ |
267 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
21 |
7.90 |
% |
33.40 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
$ |
603 |
$ |
398 |
$ |
333 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
$ |
936 |
$ |
868 |
$ |
799 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor
Allocation Fund |
$ |
295 |
$ |
311 |
$ |
201 |
$ |
151 |
$ |
144 |
$ |
112 |
55.70 |
% |
72.50 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
$ |
108 |
$ |
102 |
$ |
90 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
S-202
Total $ Amount of Brokerage Commissions Paid (000) |
Total $ Amount of Brokerage Commissions Paid to Affiliated Brokers (000) |
% of
Total Brokerage Commissions Paid to the Affiliated Brokers |
% of
Total Brokerage Transactions Effected Through Affiliated Brokers |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2024 |
2024 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Managed
Volatility Fund |
$ |
550 |
$ |
481 |
$ |
369 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
$ |
280 |
$ |
183 |
$ |
209 |
$ |
4 |
$ |
8 |
$ |
13 |
6.20 |
% |
8.90 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
8,032 |
$ |
8,911 |
$ |
5,221 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
832 |
$ |
0 |
15.90 |
% |
2.10 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Screened World
Equity Ex-US Fund |
$ |
163 |
$ |
165 |
$ |
130 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets
Equity Fund |
$ |
1,924 |
$ |
1,098 |
$ |
2,379 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
$ |
2 |
$ |
1 |
$ |
1 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
$ |
656 |
$ |
710 |
$ |
875 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ |
33 |
$ |
10 |
$ |
7 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
$ |
16 |
$ |
18 |
$ |
15 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
47 |
$ |
46 |
$ |
42 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Ultra Short Duration
Bond Fund |
$ |
2 |
$ |
1 |
$ |
1 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets
Debt Fund |
$ |
20 |
$ |
17 |
$ |
25 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Real Return Fund |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
$ |
9 |
$ |
19 |
$ |
18 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Intermediate
Duration Credit Fund |
$ |
4 |
$ |
16 |
$ |
14 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Dynamic Asset
Allocation Fund |
$ |
37 |
$ |
22 |
$ |
50 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|||||||||||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real
Return Fund |
$ |
60 |
$ |
75 |
$ |
114 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
$ |
0 |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
The portfolio turnover rate for the Large Cap Fund, Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund, Large Cap Index Fund, S&P 500 Index Fund, Extended Market Index Fund, Small Cap Fund, Small Cap II Fund, Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund, U.S. Managed Volatility Fund, Global Managed Volatility Fund, World Select Equity Fund, World Equity Ex-US Fund, Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund, Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Opportunistic Income Fund, Core Fixed Income Fund, High Yield Bond Fund, Long Duration Fund, Long Duration Credit Fund, Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Real Return Fund, Limited Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Duration Credit Fund, Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund and Multi-Asset Real Return Fund for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2023 and 2024 was as follows:
Turnover Rate |
|||||||||||
Fund |
2023 |
2024 |
|||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
88 |
% |
77 |
% |
|||||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund |
118 |
% |
137 |
% |
|||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
11 |
% |
12 |
% |
|||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
6 |
% |
6 |
% |
|||||||
Extended Market Index Fund |
34 |
% |
34 |
% |
|||||||
Small Cap Fund |
114 |
% |
108 |
% |
|||||||
Small Cap II Fund |
107 |
% |
101 |
% |
|||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund |
79 |
% |
81 |
% |
|||||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund |
72 |
% |
50 |
% |
|||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund |
55 |
% |
59 |
% |
|||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
67 |
% |
57 |
% |
|||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
63 |
% |
79 |
% |
|||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
107 |
% |
76 |
% |
S-203
Turnover Rate |
|||||||||||
Fund |
2023 |
2024 |
|||||||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund |
93 |
% |
122 |
% |
|||||||
Emerging Markets Equity Fund |
61 |
% |
71 |
% |
|||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
33 |
% |
37 |
% |
|||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
321 |
% |
311 |
% |
|||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
42 |
% |
57 |
% |
|||||||
Long Duration Fund |
109 |
% |
105 |
% |
|||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
75 |
% |
84 |
% |
|||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
48 |
% |
53 |
% |
|||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
82 |
% |
102 |
% |
|||||||
Real Return Fund |
40 |
% |
45 |
% |
|||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
238 |
% |
284 |
% |
|||||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund |
136 |
% |
124 |
% |
|||||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund |
25 |
% |
2 |
% |
|||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
96 |
% |
44 |
% |
Pursuant to its investment strategy, the Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund seeks to implement a relatively small number of high confidence themes over a reasonable time horizon. The turnover experience in the Fund can differ substantially from year to year based on variations in the overall number of themes implemented in the portfolio (which can typically vary anywhere from 1 to 5) and the time horizon of each theme (which can typically vary from 3 months to 2 years).
The Trust is required to identify any securities of its "regular broker dealers" (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that the Trust has acquired during its most recent fiscal year. Certain information about these issuers is set forth below, as of May 31, 2024:
Fund |
Name of Issuer |
Type of Security |
Amount (000) |
||||||||||||
Large Cap Fund |
Morgan Stanley & Co, Inc |
Equity |
$ |
9,323 |
|||||||||||
JP Morgan Securities |
Equity |
$ |
9,099 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
8,141 |
||||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Equity |
$ |
6,536 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
4,462 |
||||||||||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund |
JP Morgan Securities |
Equity |
$ |
23,880 |
|||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
13,900 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co, Inc |
Equity |
$ |
11,098 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
9,012 |
||||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Equity |
$ |
7,458 |
||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund |
JP Morgan Securities |
Equity |
$ |
21,797 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Equity |
$ |
10,248 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
5,421 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
4,474 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co, Inc |
Equity |
$ |
4,287 |
||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund |
JP Morgan Securities |
Equity |
$ |
55,795 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Equity |
$ |
26,218 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
14,178 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
11,663 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
11,285 |
||||||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
8,267 |
|||||||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund |
HSBC |
Equity |
$ |
7,936 |
S-204
Fund |
Name of Issuer |
Type of Security |
Amount (000) |
||||||||||||
World Select Equity Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
1,863 |
|||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
42 |
||||||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund |
UBS Securities LLC |
Equity |
$ |
47,392 |
|||||||||||
HSBC |
Equity |
$ |
27,539 |
||||||||||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund |
UBS Securities LLC |
Equity |
$ |
857 |
|||||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund |
JP Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
888 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
471 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
445 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
431 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
300 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
299 |
||||||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund |
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
75,656 |
|||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
67,892 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
51,362 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
50,469 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
45,363 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
32,079 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
29,585 |
||||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
1,193 |
|||||||||||
Long Duration Fund |
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
6,728 |
|||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
4,766 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
4,080 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
2,429 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
2,270 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
2,102 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
16 |
||||||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund |
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
100,095 |
|||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
82,196 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
47,595 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
42,045 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
32,631 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
20,931 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
4,643 |
||||||||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund |
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
5,587 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
5,041 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
4,820 |
||||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
4,446 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
3,269 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
737 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
409 |
||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
5,033 |
|||||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund |
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
32,424 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
25,679 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
24,899 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
18,884 |
||||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
17,961 |
S-205
Fund |
Name of Issuer |
Type of Security |
Amount (000) |
||||||||||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund |
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
163,761 |
|||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
101,916 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
86,005 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
77,715 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
41,823 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
25,479 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
25,101 |
||||||||||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Equity |
$ |
16,880 |
|||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Equity |
$ |
7,937 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co |
Equity |
$ |
4,286 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Equity |
$ |
3,534 |
||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets |
Equity |
$ |
3,419 |
||||||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets |
Debt |
$ |
1,118 |
|||||||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities |
Debt |
$ |
935 |
||||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
Debt |
$ |
927 |
||||||||||||
HSBC |
Debt |
$ |
850 |
||||||||||||
UBS Securities LLC |
Debt |
$ |
814 |
||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
690 |
||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. |
Debt |
$ |
455 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
The Funds' portfolio holdings can be obtained on the Internet at the following address: http://www.seic.com/holdings (the "Portfolio Holdings Website"). The Board has approved a policy that provides that portfolio holdings may not be made available to any third party until after such information has been posted on the Portfolio Holdings Website, with limited exceptions noted below. This policy seeks to ensure that the disclosure of information regarding the Funds' portfolio securities is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, and includes procedures to address conflicts of interest.
Five calendar days after each month end, a list of all portfolio holdings in each Fund as of the end of such month shall be made available on the Portfolio Holdings Website. The portfolio holdings information placed on the Portfolio Holdings Website shall remain there until the fifth calendar day of the thirteenth month after the date to which the data relates, at which time it will be permanently removed from the site.
On the Monday following each week end, a list of all portfolio holdings in the Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund as of the end of such week shall be made available on the Portfolio Holdings Website. The portfolio holdings shall remain on the Portfolio Holdings Website until the following Monday at which time it will be permanently removed from the site.
Beginning on the day after any portfolio holdings information is posted on the Portfolio Holdings Website, such information will be delivered directly to any person that requests it, through electronic or other means.
Portfolio holdings information may be provided to independent third-party fund reporting services (e.g., Broadridge, Lipper or Morningstar) for a legitimate business purpose, but will be delivered no earlier than the date such information is posted on the Portfolio Holdings Website, unless the reporting service executes a confidentiality agreement with the Trust that is satisfactory to the Trust's officers and that provides that the reporting service will keep the information confidential and will not trade on the information.
Portfolio holdings information may also be provided at any time and as frequently as daily to the Funds' Trustees, SIMC, the Sub-Advisers, the Distributor, the Administrator and certain other service providers, as well as additional contractors and vendors that may include, but are not limited to: the custodian and sub-custodian, the transfer agent, attorneys, independent auditors, securities lending agents, tax filing and reclamation vendors, class-action monitoring and filing vendors, printing and filing vendors, proxy vendors and providers of portfolio
S-206
monitoring and analytical tools. Service providers will be subject to a duty of confidentiality with respect to any portfolio holdings information, whether imposed by a confidentiality agreement, the provisions of the service provider's contract with the Trust or by the nature of its relationship with the Trust, and such service providers will be prohibited from trading on the information.
Portfolio holdings of a Fund may also be provided to a prospective service provider for that Fund, so long as the prospective service provider executes a confidentiality agreement with the Fund in such form as deemed acceptable by an officer of the Fund. Additionally, a Sub-Adviser may provide portfolio holdings information to third-party service providers in connection with its duties as a Sub-Adviser, provided that the Sub-Adviser is responsible for such third-party's confidential treatment of such data. The Sub-Adviser is also obligated, pursuant to its fiduciary duty to the relevant Fund, to ensure that any third-party service provider will keep the information confidential and has a duty not to trade on any portfolio holdings information it receives other than subject to the Sub-Adviser's instruction.
The Board exercises on-going oversight of the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings by overseeing the implementation of the Funds' policies and procedures by the Chief Compliance Officer.
Neither the Funds, SIMC, nor any other service provider to the Funds may receive compensation or other consideration for providing portfolio holdings information.
The Trust files a complete schedule of the Funds' investments within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter pursuant to Form N-CSR and/or as exhibits to Form N-PORT.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of each Fund, each of which represents an equal proportionate interest in that Fund. Each share upon liquidation entitles a shareholder to a pro rata share in the net assets of that Fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights.
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees of the Trust may create additional series of shares or separate classes of such series. Share certificates representing the shares will not be issued.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES' LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful defaults and, if reasonable care has been exercised in the selection of officers, agents, employees or administrators, shall not be liable for any neglect or wrongdoing of any such person. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with actual or threatened litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust unless it is determined in the manner provided in the Declaration of Trust that they have not acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that their actions were in the best interests of the Trust. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Board has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. In addition, SIMC, the Sub-Advisers and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1. These Codes of Ethics apply to the personal investing activities of Trustees, officers and certain employees ("access persons"). Rule 17j-1 and the Codes of Ethics are reasonably designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by access persons. Under each Code of Ethics, access persons at most Sub-Advisers are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes. In addition, certain access persons are required to obtain approval before investing in initial public offerings or private placements or are prohibited from making such investments. Access persons at certain Sub-Advisers may be prohibited from engaging in personal securities transactions entirely. Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC and are available to the public.
S-207
VOTING
Each share held entitles the shareholder of record to one vote. The Shareholders of each Fund or class will vote separately on matters pertaining solely to that Fund or class, such as any distribution plan. As a Massachusetts business trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders, but approval will be sought for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. In addition, a Trustee may be removed by the remaining Trustees or by shareholders at a special meeting called upon written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Where the Prospectus for the Funds or SAI states that an investment limitation or a fundamental policy may not be changed without shareholder approval, such approval means the vote of: (i) 67% or more of the affected Fund's shares present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the affected Fund's outstanding shares, whichever is less.
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a "Massachusetts business trust." Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for the obligations of the Trust. Even if, however, the Trust were held to be a partnership, the possibility of the shareholders incurring financial loss for that reason appears remote because the Trust's Declaration of Trust: (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees; and (ii) provides for indemnification out of the Trust property for any shareholders held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of September 9, 2024, the following persons were the only persons who were record owners (or to the knowledge of the Trust, beneficial owners) of 5% and 25% or more of the shares of the Funds. Persons who own of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund's outstanding shares may be deemed to control the Fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Shareholders controlling the Fund could have the ability to vote a majority of the shares of the Fund on any matter requiring the approval of shareholders of the Fund.
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Large Cap Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
20,989,850.574 |
40.71 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank FBO Children's Mercy Hospital Core Investor CUST Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City, MO 64106 |
9,660,668.647 |
18.74 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Core Strategies
Collective Trust—SEI Large Cap Fund Portfolio Implementations & Trading One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
7,959,345.439 |
15.44 |
% |
S-208
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Large Cap Disciplined Equity Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
62,816,809.292 |
59.79 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
9,544,823.433 |
9.09 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank NA FBO Major League Baseball—Moderate 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
5,581,123.175 |
5.31 |
% |
||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
4,729,295.853 |
55.49 |
% |
||||||||
Mac &
Co ATTN: Mutual Fund Operations 500 Grant Street, Room 151-1010 Pittsburgh, PA 15219-2502 |
796,031.540 |
9.34 |
% |
||||||||
Vought Aircraft
Industries Inc Master Defined Benefit Trust C/O Triumph Group ATTN: Ray Branscome 899 Cassatt Rd STE 210 Berwyn, PA 19312-1190 |
748,972.145 |
8.79 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank FBO Childrens Mercy Hospital Core Investor CUST Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City MO 64106 |
746,692.204 |
8.76 |
% |
||||||||
S&P 500 Index Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
111,806,251.638 |
61.87 |
% |
||||||||
Extended Market Index Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
40,213,571.443 |
64.83 |
% |
S-209
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Small Cap Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
8,125,678.083 |
41.88 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank FBO Children's Mercy Hospital Core Investor CUST Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City, MO 64106 |
5,849,460.312 |
30.15 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Core Strategies
Collective Trust—SEI Small Cap Fund One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
3,672,473.475 |
18.93 |
% |
||||||||
Small Cap II Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
9,241,857.929 |
42.10 |
% |
||||||||
Vought Aircraft
Industries Inc Master Defined Benefit Trust C/O Triumph Group ATTN: Ray Branscome 899 Cassatt Rd STE 210 Berwyn, PA 19312-1190 |
3,970,183.094 |
18.08 |
% |
||||||||
Saxon &
Co PO Box 94597 Cleveland, OH 44101-4597 |
1,288,701.927 |
5.87 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank FBO NYSUT Employees Retirement Plan 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
1,254,468.258 |
5.71 |
% |
||||||||
Ardagh Glass Inc
Retirement Income Plan Trust PO Box 50487 Indianapolis, IN 46250-0487 |
1,246,122.169 |
5.68 |
% |
||||||||
Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
40,093,225.489 |
51.79 |
% |
S-210
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
US Bank NA FBO Major League Baseball—Moderate 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
4,525,605.084 |
5.85 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
4,216,061.468 |
5.45 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank FBO Major League Baseball—Conservative 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
4,115,295.182 |
5.32 |
% |
||||||||
U.S. Managed Volatility Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
16,687,247.517 |
27.41 |
% |
||||||||
Vought Aircraft
Industries Inc Master Defined Benefit Trust C/O Triumph Group ATTN: Ray Branscome 899 Cassatt Rd STE 210 Berwyn, PA 19312-1190 |
15,387,194.021 |
25.27 |
% |
||||||||
U.S. Bank FBO AK Steel Master Pension Trust SEI 1555 N Rivercenter Drive STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
7,952,535.194 |
13.06 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank FBO Children's Hospital Core Investor CUST Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City, MO 64106 |
7,894,041.475 |
12.97 |
% |
||||||||
Northern
Trust FBO Harnischfeger Master Retirement 50 S LaSalle Chicago, IL 60675-0001 |
3,295,310.274 |
5.41 |
% |
||||||||
U.S. Equity Factor Allocation Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
101,084,911.757 |
74.23 |
% |
S-211
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Global Managed Volatility Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
83,569,009.267 |
52.42 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank Children's Mercy Hospital Core Investor CUST 922 Walnut Street Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City, MO 64106-1871 |
26,051,610.169 |
16.34 |
% |
||||||||
Northern
Trust FBO Harnischfeger Master Retirement 50 S LaSalle Chicago, IL 60675-0001 |
9,821,893.341 |
6.16 |
% |
||||||||
World Select Equity Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
17,044,559.925 |
75.92 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company C/O Principal Financial FBO UNY Engineers Pension Fund One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
4,322,263.553 |
19.25 |
% |
||||||||
World Equity Ex-US Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
358,386,145.245 |
58.68 |
% |
||||||||
Screened World Equity Ex-US Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
6,896,840.382 |
49.52 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
4,681,935.205 |
33.62 |
% |
||||||||
U.S. Bank FBO MN JCF LLC Long Term Pool 1555 N Rivercenter Drive STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
2,294,238.379 |
16.47 |
% |
S-212
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Emerging Markets Equity Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
40,636,180.993 |
45.62 |
% |
||||||||
Commerce
Bank FBO Children's Mercy Hospital Core Investor CUST 922 Walnut Street Mailstop TBTS 2 Kansas City, MO 64106-1871 |
6,124,298.398 |
6.87 |
% |
||||||||
Opportunistic Income Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
32,169,700.511 |
72.37 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
4,593,663.278 |
10.33 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank NA FBO Major League Baseball—Growth ATTN Derek Rosenbauer 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
2,518,026.287 |
5.66 |
% |
||||||||
Core Fixed Income Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
479,554,676.359 |
52.79 |
% |
||||||||
The Northern Trust
CO As Trust FBO Pfizer DV P.O. Box 92994 Chicago, IL 60675-2994 |
58,057,146.673 |
6.39 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
45,764,781.921 |
5.04 |
% |
||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
144,739,478.215 |
53.35 |
% |
S-213
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Long Duration Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
46,900,364.825 |
75.66 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company C/O Principal Financial FBO Baker Commodities Pension Plan One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
6,070,778.788 |
9.79 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank NA FBO Major League Baseball—Growth ATTN Derek Rosenbauer 1555 N Rivercenter Dr STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
3,299,251.283 |
5.32 |
% |
||||||||
Long Duration Credit Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
158,173,294.366 |
40.80 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company C/O Principal Financial FBO IBC PEN PLN One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
27,730,694.657 |
7.15 |
% |
||||||||
Ardagh Glass Inc
Retirement Income Plan Trust LDI Funds PO Box 50487 Indianapolis, IN 46250-0487 |
26,580,808.326 |
6.86 |
% |
||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company C/O Principal Financial FBO NJ ED RET PL One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
21,609,326.763 |
5.57 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank NA FBO Major League Baseball Moderate LDI MPP Plan 1555 N Rivercenter Drive STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
21,387,579.044 |
5.52 |
% |
S-214
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
Ultra Short Duration Bond Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
21,817,738.155 |
50.65 |
% |
||||||||
Mac &
Co ATTN: Mutual Fund Operations 500 Grant Street Room 151-1010 Pittsburgh, PA 15219-2502 |
12,257,258.343 |
28.46 |
% |
||||||||
Emerging Markets Debt Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
102,225,830.656 |
51.41 |
% |
||||||||
Real Return Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
19,009,750.295 |
65.86 |
% |
||||||||
Principal Life Ins.
Company CUST FBO Schreiber Foods 401K Ret Svgs ATTN PLIC Proxy Coordinator 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001 |
2,344,647.230 |
8.12 |
% |
||||||||
Limited Duration Bond Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
137,377,060.648 |
60.52 |
% |
||||||||
Intermediate Duration Credit Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
233,740,583.534 |
50.54 |
% |
||||||||
US Bank as Trustee
FBO AK Steel Corporation Master Pension Trust 1555 N Rivercenter Dr. STE 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
43,728,883.558 |
9.46 |
% |
S-215
Name and Address |
Number of Shares |
Percent of Fund/Class |
|||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company C/O Principal Financial FBO The Brink's Company Frozen Pen One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
24,140,463.373 |
5.22 |
% |
||||||||
Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
50,154,235.166 |
64.81 |
% |
||||||||
Multi-Asset Real Return Fund—Class A Shares |
|||||||||||
SEI Private Trust
Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
70,104,020.362 |
69.61 |
% |
MASTER/FEEDER OPTION
The Trust may, in the future, seek to achieve any Fund's investment objective by investing all of that Fund's assets in another investment company having the same investment objective and substantially the same investment policies and restrictions as those applicable to that Fund. It is expected that any such investment company would be managed by SIMC in substantially the same manner as the existing Fund. The initial shareholder(s) of each Fund voted to vest such authority in the sole discretion of the Trustees and such investment may be made without further approval of the shareholders of the Funds. However, shareholders of the Funds will be given at least 30 days' prior notice of any such investment. Such investment would be made only if the Trustees determine it to be in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders. In making that determination the Trustees will consider, among other things, the benefits to shareholders and/or the opportunity to reduce costs and achieve operational efficiencies. Although the Funds believe that the Trustees will not approve an arrangement that is likely to result in higher costs, no assurance is given that costs will be materially reduced if this option is implemented.
DISCLAIMER
The Large Cap Index and Extended Market Index Funds are not promoted, sponsored or endorsed by, nor in any way affiliated with, Frank Russell Company. Frank Russell Company is not responsible for and has not reviewed the Large Cap Index and Extended Market Index Funds nor any associated literature or publications, and Frank Russell Company makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to their accuracy or completeness, or otherwise. Frank Russell Company reserves the right, at any time and without notice, to alter, amend, terminate or in any way change the Russell Indexes. Frank Russell Company has no obligation to take the needs of any particular fund or its participants or any other product or person into consideration in determining, composing or calculating any of the Russell Indexes.
Frank Russell Company's publication of the Russell Indexes in no way suggests or implies an opinion by Frank Russell Company as to the attractiveness or appropriateness of investment in any or all securities upon which the Russell Indexes are based. FRANK RUSSELL COMPANY MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR GUARANTEE AS TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, RELIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE OF THE RUSSELL INDEXES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED IN THE RUSSELL INDEXES. FRANK RUSSELL COMPANY MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE REGARDING THE USE, OR THE RESULTS OF USE, OF THE
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RUSSELL INDEXES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN, OR ANY SECURITY (OR COMBINATION THEREOF) COMPRISING THE RUSSELL INDEXES. FRANK RUSSELL COMPANY MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL INDEXES OR ANY DATA OR ANY SECURITY (OR COMBINATION THEREOF) INCLUDED THEREIN.
The S&P 500 Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P. S&P makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the purchasers of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in index funds generally or the Fund specifically or the ability of the S&P 500 Index to track general stock market performance. S&P's only relationship to the Trust, as licensee, is the licensing of certain trademarks and trade names of S&P and of the S&P 500 Index, which is determined, composed and calculated by S&P without regard to the Trust or the Fund. S&P has no obligation to take the needs of the Trust or the owners of the Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P 500 Index. S&P is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of, the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Fund to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Fund is to be converted into cash. S&P has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund.
S&P DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P 500 INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. S&P MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE FUND, OWNERS OF THE FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P 500 INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THE RIGHTS LICENSED HEREUNDER OR FOR ANY OTHER USE. S&P MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE S&P 500 INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL S&P HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
CUSTODIANS
U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank"), 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, acts as wire agent and custodian for the assets of the Large Cap, Large Cap Disciplined Equity, Large Cap Index, Extended Market Index, S&P 500 Index, Small Cap, Small Cap II, Small/Mid Cap Equity, U.S. Equity Factor Allocation, U.S. Managed Volatility, Opportunistic Income, Core Fixed Income, High Yield Bond, Long Duration, Long Duration Credit, Ultra Short Duration Bond, Limited Duration Bond and Intermediate Duration Credit Funds. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. ("BBH"), 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02109-3661, acts as wire agent and custodian for the assets of the World Select Equity, World Equity Ex-US, Screened World Equity Ex-US, Emerging Markets Equity, Emerging Markets Debt, Dynamic Asset Allocation, Global Managed Volatility, Real Return and Multi-Asset Real Return Funds. U.S. Bank and BBH hold cash, securities and other assets of the respective Funds for which they act as custodian as required by the 1940 Act.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP, located at 1735 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 2222 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as counsel to the Trust.
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION
OF RATINGS
Description of Ratings
The following descriptions of securities ratings have been published by Moody's Investors Services, Inc. ("Moody's"), S&P Global Ratings ("S&P"), and Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"), respectively.
Description of Moody's Global Ratings
Ratings assigned on Moody's global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.
Description of Moody's Global Long-Term Ratings
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Hybrid Indicator (hyb)
The hybrid indicator (hyb) is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms. By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
A-1
Description of Moody's Global Short-Term Ratings
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Moody's U.S. Municipal Short-Term Obligation Ratings
The Municipal Investment Grade ("MIG") scale is used to rate U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, the MIG scale is used to rate bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.
Moody's U.S. municipal short-term obligation ratings are as follows:
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Description of Moody's Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations ("VRDOs"), Moody's assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer's ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to meet any purchase price payment obligation resulting from optional tenders ("on demand") and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the Variable Municipal Investment Grade ("VMIG") scale. VMIG ratings with liquidity support use as an input the short-term counterparty risk assessment of the support provider, or the long-term rating of the underlying obligor in the absence of third party liquidity support. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer's long-term rating drops below investment grade. For VRDOs, Moody's typically assigns a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as "NR".
Moody's demand obligation ratings are as follows:
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protection.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
A-2
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections.
Description of S&P's Issue Credit Ratings
An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P's view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term issue credit ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market, typically with an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Short-term issue credit ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. S&P would typically assign a long-term issue credit rating to an obligation with an original maturity of greater than 365 days. However, the ratings S&P assigns to certain instruments may diverge from these guidelines based on market practices. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations:
• The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
• The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P imputes; and
• The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
NR indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
Description of S&P's Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*
AAA An obligation rated 'AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated 'AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated 'A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
A-3
BBB An obligation rated 'BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB; B;
CCC; Obligations rated 'BB', 'B', 'CCC', 'CC', and 'C' are regarded
as having significant
CC; and C speculative characteristics. 'BB'
indicates the least degree of speculation and 'C' the highest. While such
obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these
may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse
conditions.
BB An obligation rated 'BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B An obligation rated 'B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated 'BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated 'CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated 'CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The 'CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated 'C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
*Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Description of S&P's Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1 A short-term obligation rated 'A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated 'A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-4
A-3 A short-term obligation rated 'A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated 'B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated 'C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Description of S&P's Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P's opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P's analysis will review the following considerations:
• Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
• Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
S&P's municipal short-term note ratings are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D 'D' is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
Description of Fitch's Credit Ratings
Fitch's credit ratings relating to issuers are forward looking opinions on the relative ability of an entity or obligation to meet financial commitments. Credit ratings relating to securities and obligations of an issuer can include a recovery expectation. Credit ratings are used are indications of the likelihood of repayment in accordance with the terms of the issuance.
A-5
Fitch's credit rating scale for issuers and issues is expressed using the categories 'AAA' to 'BBB' (investment grade) and 'BB' to 'D' (speculative grade) with an additional +/- for AA through CCC levels indicating relative differences of probability of default or recovery for issues. The terms "investment grade" and "speculative grade" are market conventions and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative grade categories signal either a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.
Fitch may also disclose issues relating to a rated issuer that are not and have not been rated. Such issues are also denoted as 'NR' on its web page.
Fitch's credit ratings do not directly address any risk other than credit risk. Credit ratings do not deal with the risk of market value loss due to changes in interest rates, liquidity and/or other market considerations. However, market risk may be considered to the extent that it influences the ability of an issuer to pay or refinance a financial commitment. Ratings nonetheless do not reflect market risk to the extent that they influence the size or other conditionality of the obligation to pay upon a commitment (for example, in the case of payments linked to performance of an index).
Credit ratings are indications of the likelihood of repayment in accordance with the terms of the issuance. In limited cases, Fitch may include additional considerations (i.e. rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligation's documentation).
Description of Fitch's Long-Term Corporate Finance Obligations Ratings
AAA Highest credit quality. 'AAA' ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. 'AA' ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. 'A' ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. 'BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. 'BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Highly speculative. 'B' ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC Substantial credit risk. 'CCC' ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. 'CC' ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. 'C' ratings indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Ratings in the categories of 'CCC', 'CC' and 'C' can also relate to obligations or issuers that are in default. In this case, the rating does not opine on default risk but reflects the recovery expectation only.
A-6
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned 'RD' or 'D' ratings, but are instead rated in the 'CCC' to 'C' rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Description of Fitch's Short-Term Ratings
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as "short term" based on market convention (a long-term rating can also be used to rate an issue with short maturity). Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
Fitch's short-term ratings are as follows:
F1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A-7