(CUTLER LOGO)

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

October 30, 2023

 

 

 

Cutler Equity Fund

Ticker: DIVHX

 

 

 

 

 

Fund Information:

 

The Cutler Trust

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450

Cincinnati, Ohio 45246

1-888-CUTLER4

http://www.cutler.com

 

Investment Adviser:

 

Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, Oregon 97530

(541) 770-9000

(800) 228-8537

Account Information

and Shareholder Services:

 

The Cutler Trust

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450

Cincinnati, Ohio 45246

Toll free 1-888-CUTLER4

 

 

This Statement of Additional Information, or SAI, supplements the Prospectus dated October 30, 2023, as amended from time to time, offering shares of the Cutler Equity Fund (the “Fund” or the “Equity Fund”), a series of The Cutler Trust (the “Trust”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should only be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Prospectus may be obtained by an investor without charge by contacting Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC at the address or telephone number listed above.

 

Financial statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 are included in the Annual Report to shareholders and are incorporated into this SAI by reference. Additional copies of the Annual Report may be obtained, without charge, upon request by contacting Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC at the address or telephone number listed above.

 

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Glossary 1
General Information 2
Investment Policies and Risks 2
Investment Limitations 6
Management 7
Portfolio Transactions 15
Policy Regarding Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 17
Additional Purchase and Redemption Information 19
Taxation 21
Calculation of Performance Data 25
Other Matters 26
Appendix A: Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B: Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

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Glossary

 

“Administrator” means Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, the Trust’s administrator.

 

“Adviser” means Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser.

 

“Board” means the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

 

“CFTC” means Commodity Futures Trading Commission. 

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the rules promulgated therewith, IRS interpretations and any private letter ruling or similar ruling upon which the Funds may rely.

 

“Custodian” means US Bank, N.A, the Trust’s custodian.

 

“Distributor” means Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC, the Trust’s principal underwriter.

 

“Dodd-Frank Act” means Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

 

“FATCA” means Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.

 

“FDIC” means Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

 

“Fitch” means Fitch Ratings.

 

“Fund” means the Cutler Equity Fund.

 

“Independent Trustee” means a Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

 

“IRS” means Internal Revenue Service.

 

“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

“NAV” means net asset value.

 

“NRSRO” means a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

 

“SAI” means this Statement of Additional Information.

 

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services.

 

“Transfer Agent” means Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC.

 

“Trust” means The Cutler Trust.

 

“1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the rules promulgated thereunder, and any interpretations of or exemptive letters related thereto, upon which the Fund may rely.

 

“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the rules promulgated thereunder, and any interpretations of or exemptive letters related thereto, upon which the Fund may rely.

 

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General Information

 

The Cutler Trust was organized as a business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 2, 1992. The Trust has operated under that name and as an investment company since that date.

 

The Trust is registered as an open-end, management investment company under the 1940 Act. The Trust offers one series of shares of beneficial interest, the Cutler Equity Fund. The Fund is diversified as that term is defined by the 1940 Act. The Fund offers one class of shares identified by Ticker: DIVHX (previously named the Class II Shares) as discussed in this SAI and the corresponding Prospectus dated October 30, 2023. Prior to October 28, 2020, the Fund offered Class I Shares identified by TICKER: CALEX. On October 28, 2020, all existing Class I Shares of the Fund were converted into the current class of shares of the Fund identified by TICKER: DIVHX (previously named Class II Shares). After October 28, 2020 Class I Shares were no longer offered by the Fund. The Trust has an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest. The Board may, without shareholder approval, divide the authorized shares into an unlimited number of separate series and may divide series into classes of shares; the costs of doing so will be borne by the Trust.

 

The Trust will continue indefinitely until terminated.

 

Investment Policies and Risks

 

The following discussion supplements the disclosure in the Prospectus about the Fund’s investment techniques, strategies and risks. The Fund is designed for investment of that portion of an investor’s assets that can appropriately bear the special risks associated with certain types of investments (e.g., investments in equity securities or investments in fixed income securities).

 

Under normal conditions, at least 80% of the Fund’s assets will be invested in a diversified portfolio of common stocks according to the Adviser’s investment style. For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy, “assets” shall mean net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes (although the Fund is not currently permitted to do so).

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in fixed income securities. The Fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to credit risks relating to the financial condition of the issuers of the securities that the Fund holds. To the extent that the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the Fund will invest primarily in “investment grade” securities. “Investment grade” means rated in the top four long-term rating categories or top two short-term rating categories by an NRSRO or, if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The lowest long-term ratings that are investment grade for corporate bonds, including convertible bonds, are “Baa” in the case of Moody’s and “BBB” in the case of S&P and Fitch; for preferred stocks are “Baa” in the case of Moody’s and “BBB” in the case of S&P and Fitch; and for short-term debt, including commercial paper, are “P-2” in the case of Moody’s, “A-2” in the case of S&P and “F-2” in the case of Fitch.

 

Unrated securities may not be as actively traded as rated securities. The Fund may retain a security whose rating has been lowered below the lowest permissible rating category (or that is unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to a security whose rating has been lowered below the lowest permissible rating category) if the Adviser determines that retaining such security is in the best interests of the Fund. Because a downgrade often results in a reduction in the market price of the security, the sale of a downgraded security may result in a loss.

 

Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other NRSROs are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities. A description of the range of ratings assigned to various types of bonds and other securities by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch is included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Fund may use these ratings to determine whether to purchase, sell or hold a security. Ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Securities with the same maturity, interest rate and rating may have different market prices. If an issuer of securities ceases to be rated or if its rating is reduced after it is purchased by the Fund (neither event requiring the sale of such security by the Fund), the Adviser will determine whether the Fund should continue to hold the obligation. To the extent that the ratings given by a NRSRO may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, the Adviser will attempt to substitute comparable ratings. Credit ratings attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. Also, rating agencies may fail to move quickly enough to change ratings in response to changing circumstances and may not reflect the fine shadings of risks with a given quality grade. An issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. The Adviser performs independent analysis in an attempt to identify issuers within a given quality grade that, because of improving fundamental or other factors, are likely to result in improving quality, greater market value and lower risk.

 

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Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which include convertible debt, convertible preferred stock and other securities exchangeable under certain circumstances for shares of common stock, are fixed income securities or preferred stock which generally may be converted at a stated price within a specific amount of time into a specified number of shares of common stock. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible debt securities or preferred equity in that they ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than do those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers. These securities are usually senior to common stock in a company’s capital structure, but usually are subordinated to non-convertible debt securities.

 

Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics in that they generally have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities. Convertible securities are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics; and they provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

 

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party.

 

Investment in convertible securities generally entails less risk than investment in an issuer’s common stock. The extent to which such risk is reduced, however, depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security.

 

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” and its “conversion value.” The investment value of a convertible security is determined by comparing its yield with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege. The conversion value is the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline.

 

The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may affect the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value and generally the conversion value decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. In addition, a convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value determined by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security.

 

Foreign Issuers and ADRs

 

The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers. The Trust considers “foreign issuers” to be those issuers whose securities are traded only on foreign markets. American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NYSE MKT LLC are not considered foreign securities by the Fund for the purpose of this limitation. ADRs are receipts, typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation or other entity. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for trading in U.S. securities markets. The underlying securities are not always denominated in the same currency as the ADRs. Although investment in the form of ADRs facilitates trading in foreign securities, it does not mitigate all the risks associated with investing in foreign securities.

 

ADRs are available through facilities which may be either “sponsored” or “unsponsored.” Only sponsored ADRs may be listed on the NYSE or the NYSE MKT LLC. If sponsored, the foreign issuer establishes the facility, pays some or all of the depository’s fees, and usually agrees to provide shareholder communications. If unsponsored, the foreign issuer is not involved, and the ADR holders pay the fees of the depository. Sponsored ADRs are generally more advantageous to the ADR holders and the issuer than unsponsored arrangements. More and higher fees are generally charged in an unsponsored arrangement compared to a sponsored arrangement. Unsponsored ADRs are generally considered more risky due to: (a) the additional costs involved; (b) the relative illiquidity of the issue in U.S. markets; and (c) the possibility of higher trading costs associated with trading in the over-the-counter market. Unsponsored ADRs are considered foreign securities by the Fund for the purpose of calculating the limitation on investments in foreign securities.

 

Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers. All foreign investments are subject to risks of: (1) foreign political and economic instability;

 

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(2) adverse movements in foreign exchange rates; (3) the imposition or tightening of exchange controls or other limitations on repatriation of foreign capital; and (4) changes in foreign governmental attitudes towards private investment, including potential nationalization, increased taxation or confiscation of the Fund’s assets.

 

In addition, dividends payable on foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thereby reducing the income available for distribution. Some foreign brokerage commissions and custody fees are higher than those in the United States. Foreign accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards differ from those in the United States and therefore, less information may be available about foreign companies than is available about comparable U.S. companies. Foreign securities also may trade less frequently and with lower volume and may exhibit greater price volatility than U.S. securities.

 

Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the U.S. dollar value of all foreign currency-denominated securities held by the Fund. Exchange rates are influenced generally by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign currency markets and by numerous other political and economic events occurring outside the United States, many of which may be difficult, if not impossible, to predict.

 

Income from foreign securities will be received and realized in foreign currencies and the Funds are required to compute and distribute income in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. dollar after a Fund’s income has been earned and computed in U.S. dollars may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities to acquire sufficient U.S. dollars to make a distribution. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time a Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund may be required to liquidate additional foreign securities to purchase the U.S. dollars required to meet such expenses.

 

Bank Debt Instruments

 

The Fund may invest in bank debt instruments, which may consist of certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits issued by national banks and state banks, trust companies and mutual savings banks, or by banks or institutions the accounts of which are insured by the FDIC or the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates evidencing the indebtedness of a commercial bank to repay funds deposited with it for a definite period of time (usually from fourteen days to one year) at a stated or variable interest rate. Bankers’ acceptances are credit instruments evidencing the obligation of a bank to pay a draft which has been drawn on it by a customer, which instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the face amount of the instrument upon maturity. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate.

 

These bank debt instruments are generally not insured by the FDIC or any other government agency, except that certificates of deposit may be insured for up to $250,000. The profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. New government regulations, a downturn in general economic conditions or exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers may impact the value of bank debt instruments.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

 

The Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyberattacks. Cyberattacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cybersecurity breaches. Cyberattacks affecting the Fund, the Adviser, Custodian, Administrator, Transfer Agent, Distributor, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyberattacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the ability to calculate the Fund’s share price, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines, financial losses, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or cause reputational damage. Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investment in such companies to lose value. There is no guarantee that efforts designed to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity will succeed, especially since there are inherent limitations in the efforts, including that certain risks have not been identified. Moreover, because the Fund does not directly control the cybersecurity systems of issuers or third-party service providers, there is no guarantee that their efforts will be successful.

 

Illiquid Investments

 

An illiquid investment is any investment that may not reasonably be expected to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the conversion to cash significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund is prohibited from acquiring any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund

 

4

 

 

would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, the Fund were in a position where more than 15% of its net assets were invested in illiquid investments, it would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity pursuant to the Trust’s liquidity risk management program. The sale of some illiquid and other types of securities may be subject to legal restrictions. It may be difficult to sell restricted securities at prices representing their fair market value. If registration of restricted securities is necessary, a considerable period of time may elapse between the decision to sell and the effective date of the registration statement. During that time, the price of the securities to be sold may be affected by adverse market conditions.

 

Investment Company Securities

 

Investment company securities are securities of other open-end or closed-end investment companies. Except for a so-called fund-of-funds, the 1940 Act generally prohibits a fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting shares of an investment company and limits such investments to no more than 5% of a fund’s total assets in any investment company and no more than 10% in any combination of unaffiliated investment companies. The 1940 Act further prohibits a fund from acquiring in the aggregate more than 10% of the outstanding voting shares of any registered closed-end investment company. Under certain conditions, the Fund may invest in other investment companies, including money market funds, in excess of these limitations. The SEC has granted orders for exemptive relief to certain ETFs that permit investments in those ETFs by other investment companies (such as the Fund) in excess of these limits. Investments by the Fund in shares of other investment companies will result in duplication of advisory, administrative and distribution fees. An investment in securities of an investment company is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.

 

Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”)

 

Shares of ETFs and other similar instruments may be purchased by the Fund. An ETF is an investment company that may be registered under the 1940 Act that holds a portfolio of common stocks designed to track the performance of a particular index or sector of an index. ETFs sell and redeem their shares at NAV, are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market like ordinary stocks in lots of any size at any time during the trading day. An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in its underlying stocks or the sectors the ETF is designed to track, in addition to the following risks: (1) the market price of ETF shares may trade at a discount to their NAV; (2) an active trading market for ETF shares may not develop or be maintained; (3) trading of ETF shares may be halted if deemed appropriate by the listing exchange; and (4) ETF shares may be delisted from their trading exchange, or their trading may be temporarily halted. Because ETFs and pools that issue similar instruments bear various fees and expenses, the Fund would pay a proportionate share of these expenses, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions.

 

Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”) 

 

ETNs are a type of senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by financial institutions that combines aspects of both bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns are based on the performance of a market index or other reference asset minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN’s maturity, at which time the issuer will pay a return linked to the performance of the market index or other reference asset to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs typically do not make periodic interest payments and principal typically is not protected.

 

ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by their applicable index. The market value of an ETN is determined by supply and demand, the current performance of the index or other reference asset, and the credit rating of the ETN issuer. The market value of ETN shares may differ from their intraday indicative value. The value of an ETN may also change due to a change in the issuer’s credit rating. As a result, there may be times when an ETN’s share trades at a premium or discount to its NAV. Some ETNs that use leverage in an effort to amplify the returns of an underlying index or other reference asset can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs may offer the potential for greater return, but the potential for loss and speed at which losses can be realized also are greater.

 

Temporary Defensive Position

 

The Fund may assume a temporary defensive position and may invest without limit in commercial paper and other money market instruments that are of prime quality. When the Fund assumes a temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective. Prime quality instruments are those instruments that are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by an NRSRO or, if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.

 

Money market instruments usually have maturities of one year or less and fixed rates of return. The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest include short-term U.S. Government securities, interest-bearing savings deposits and certificates of deposit of domestic commercial banks and money market mutual funds. The Fund will only invest in money market mutual funds to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.

 

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The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest may have variable or floating rates of interest. These obligations include master demand notes that permit investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements with the issuer of the instrument. The issuer of these obligations often has the right, after a given period, to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the obligations upon a specified number of days’ notice. These obligations generally are not traded, nor generally is there an established secondary market for these obligations. To the extent a demand note does not have a seven-day or shorter demand feature and there is no readily available market for the obligation, it is treated as an illiquid security.

 

COVID-19 Risk

 

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that it had made the assessment that COVID-19 could be characterized as a pandemic. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention ended the public health emergency in the U.S. on May 11, 2023. The value of the Fund and the securities in which the Fund invests may be adversely affected by impacts caused by COVID-19 and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future.

 

Investment Limitations

 

Except as required by the 1940 Act as to borrowing or otherwise, if a percentage restriction on investment or utilization of assets is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of the Fund’s assets or a change in status of a security or purchases and redemptions of Fund shares will not be considered a violation of the limitation.

 

A fundamental policy of the Fund cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund; or (2) 67% of the shares of the Fund present or represented at a shareholders meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented. The Board may change a non-fundamental policy of the Fund without shareholder approval.

 

Fundamental Limitations

 

The Fund’s investment objective is considered fundamental. In addition, the Fund has adopted the following investment limitations, which are fundamental policies of the Fund. The Equity Fund may not:

 

Diversification

 

With respect to 75% of its assets, purchase a security other than an obligation issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States Government, its agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”) if, as a result, more than 5% of the Equity Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of a single issuer.

 

Concentration

 

Purchase a security other than a U.S. Government Security if, immediately after the purchase, more than 25% of the value of the Equity Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry.

 

Underwriting Activities

 

Underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Equity Fund may be considered to be acting as an underwriter in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities.

 

Purchases and Sales of Real Estate

 

Purchase or sell real estate or any interest therein, except that the Equity Fund may invest in debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein.

 

Purchases and Sales of Commodities and Options; Borrowing; Margin Purchases and Short Sales

 

Purchase or sell physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities; borrow money; purchase or write options or invest in futures contracts; or purchase securities on margin or make short sales of securities, except for the use of short-term credit necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities.

 

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Issuance of Senior Securities

 

Issue senior securities except as appropriate to evidence indebtedness that the Equity Fund may be permitted to incur, and provided that the Equity Fund may issue shares of additional series or classes that the Board may establish.

 

Repurchase Agreements; Making Loans

 

Enter into repurchase agreements, lend securities or otherwise make loans; except through the purchase of debt securities that may be purchased by the Equity Fund.

 

Non-Fundamental Limitations

 

The Fund has adopted the following non-fundamental investment limitations that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. The Fund may not:

 

Invest in securities (other than fully-collateralized debt obligations) issued by companies that have conducted continuous operations for less than three years, including the operations of predecessors (unless guaranteed as to principal and interest by an issuer in whose securities the Equity Fund could invest) if, as a result, more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be so invested.

 

Invest in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs, or leases, or in real estate limited partnerships; provided that the Fund may invest in securities issued by companies engaged in such activities.

 

Under normal conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in a diversified portfolio of common stocks.

 

Management

 

Trustees and Executive Officers

 

The business and affairs of the Trust are managed under the direction of the Board in compliance with the laws of the State of Delaware. Among its duties, the Board generally meets and reviews on a quarterly basis the operations of the Fund as conducted by the Fund’s service providers. The Trustees’ management of the Trust also includes a periodic review of the service providers’ agreements and fees charged to the Fund. The names of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust, each person’s position with the Trust and length of time served, address, date of birth and principal occupation(s) during the past five years are set forth below. For each Trustee, information concerning the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustee and other directorships held by the Trustee has also been included. Interested and Independent Trustees have been identified.

 

Name,
Date of Birth and
Address

Position

with the

Trust

Length of

Time

Served(1)

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past Five Years

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

Other
Directorships of
Public
Companies
Held by Trustee
During the Past
Five Years

Interested Trustee:          

Matthew C. Patten(2)(3)

Year of Birth: 1975

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, OR 97530

Chairman/ Trustee/

Treasurer

Treasurer Since March 2004

 

Trustee Since September 2006

Chief Executive Officer and Partner of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (since 2014); Portfolio Manager of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (since 2003); President of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (2004-2014). 1 None

 

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Name,
Date of Birth and
Address

 

Position

with the

Trust

 

Length of

Time

Served(1)

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past Five Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee

Other
Directorships of
Public
Companies
Held by Trustee
During the Past
Five Years

Independent Trustees:          

Robert F. Turner
Year of Birth: 1946
525 Bigham Knoll
Jacksonville, OR 97530

Lead Independent Trustee

Since September 2012

Retired 1 None

Michael E. Burrill Jr.

Year of Birth: 1969

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, OR 97530

Trustee Since August 2023 President of Burrill Resources, a real estate holding company since 2005. Board member of Mercy Flights, Inc., a medical transportation company since 2008 and Chair of Mercy Flights, Inc. from February 2013 until 2019. Mr. Burrill is a Board member of Jacksonville Boosters Foundation, a charitable non-profit foundation. He also served as a board member of Britt Festival, a non-profit performing arts festival, from 2010 until 2019, and served as Chair from 2015 until 2017. 1 None

Edward T. Alter, CPA

Year of Birth: 1941

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, OR 97530

Trustee Since August 2013 Retired 1 None

 

Name,

Date of Birth and
Address

Position

with the

Trust

Length of

Time

Served(1)

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past Five Years

Executive Officers      

Erich M. Patten(3)

Year of Birth: 1977

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, OR 97530

President

Since March

2004

Portfolio Manager, Chief Investment Officer and Partner of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (since 2003).

Brooke C. Ashland(3)

Year of Birth: 1951

525 Bigham Knoll

Jacksonville, OR 97530

Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

Since

June

2002

Chair of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (since 2014); Chief Compliance Officer of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (since 2003); Chief Executive Officer of Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (2003 to 2014).

 

8

 

 

Name,

Date of Birth and
Address

Position

with the

Trust

Length of

Time

Served(1)

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During the Past Five Years

Jennifer L. Merchant

Year of Birth : 1975

225 Pictoria Drive

Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

Secretary

Since August
2022 

Assistant Vice President, Legal Administration, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since February 2022); Legal Services Director (October 2021 to February 2022) and Legal Counsel (September 2019 to October 2021), Washington State Treasurer; Investment Officer, Washington State Investment Board (October 2010 to August 2019).

Jennifer L. Leamer

Year of Birth : 1976

225 Pictoria Drive

Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

Vice President Since November 2020

Senior Vice President, Fund Accounting of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since 2014).

Stephen L. Preston

Year of Birth : 1966

225 Pictoria Drive

Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

Anti-Money Laundering Officer and AVP Since November 2016 Chief Compliance Officer, Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC (since June 2011); Chief Compliance Officer, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (June 2011 to August 2019).

 

(1) Each Trustee holds office until he resigns or is removed. Officers are elected annually.
(2) Matthew C. Patten is an Interested Trustee because of the positions he holds with the Adviser and its affiliates.
(3) Matthew C. Patten and Erich M. Patten are brothers and the sons of Brooke C. Ashland.

 

Leadership Structure and Qualifications of Trustees

 

The Board consists of four Trustees, three of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board is responsible for the oversight of the Trust. The Board is responsible for overseeing the investment adviser and the Trust’s other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the 1940 Act, other applicable federal and state laws, and the Trust Instrument.

 

The Board meets in person or by telephone at regularly scheduled meetings four times throughout the year. In addition, the Trustees may meet in person or by telephone at special meetings or on an informal basis at other times. The Independent Trustees also meet at least quarterly without the presence of any representatives of management. The Board has established four standing committees and may also establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel, and may from time to time engage consultants and other advisors to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board is led by its Chairman, Matthew C. Patten. Mr. Matthew Patten is affiliated with the Trust’s investment adviser and is considered to be an “interested person” of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act because he is the President of the Adviser. As Chairman, Mr. Matthew Patten has primary responsibility for setting the agenda for each Board meeting, presiding at each Board meeting and acting as the Board’s liaison with the various service providers.

 

Robert F. Turner serves as the Lead Independent Trustee. He presides at all Executive Sessions of the Independent Trustees and has the authority to preside at meetings of the Board at which the Chairman of the Board is not present. In his role as Lead Independent Trustee, Mr. Robert Turner facilitates communication and coordination between the Independent Trustees and Trust management. He also reviews meeting agendas for the Board and the information provided by management to the Independent Trustees as needed.

 

The Board reviews its structure regularly and believes that its leadership structure, including having a majority of Independent Trustees, coupled with the responsibilities undertaken by Mr. Matthew Patten as Chairman and Mr. Robert Turner as Lead Independent Trustee, is appropriate and in the best interests of the Trust, given its specific characteristics such as the Board’s size (four Trustees), the size of the fund complex (currently one Fund) and the Fund’s investment style (publicly traded, primarily large-cap equity securities). The Board also believes its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Trust management.

 

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Board Committees. The Board has established an Audit Committee, a Nominating Committee and a Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”). The Board has determined that its committees help ensure that the Fund has effective and independent governance and oversight. The members of the Audit and Nominating Committees and the QLCC are the three Independent Trustees: Edward T. Alter, Michael E. Burrill Jr. and Robert F. Turner. Mr. Burrill serves as the Chairman of the Nominating Committee and QLCC and Mr. Edward Alter serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Each Committee Chairman has primary responsibility for setting the agendas and presides at all meetings of the Committee for which he serves as Chairman. Each Committee Chairman facilitates communications and coordination between the Independent Trustees and Trust management with respect to the matters overseen by that Committee.

 

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the quality and integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the Trust. It also selects the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, reviews the methods, scope, and result of the audits, approves the fees charged for audit and non-audit services, and reviews the Trust’s internal accounting procedures and controls. The Audit Committee met twice during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee is charged with the duty of nominating all Independent Trustees and committee members, and presenting these nominations to the Board. The Nominating Committee does not currently consider shareholder nominations. The Nominating Committee, which meets when necessary, did not meet during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is responsible for receiving and investigating reports from attorneys representing the Trust of material violations of securities laws, a material breach of fiduciary duty or a similar material violation. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 because no such reports were made during that period.

 

Valuation Designee and Adviser’s Pricing Committee. The Adviser serves as the Fund’s Valuation Designee. The Valuation Designee shall determine, in good faith, the fair value of securities and other assets of a Fund for which market quotations are not readily available (or for which market quotations are deemed unreliable) at a Valuation Time. To carry out the responsibility to determine the fair value of any securities or other assets for which market quotations are not readily available, the Board has approved the Valuation Designee’s use of the Adviser’s Pricing Committee to assist in making fair value determinations. The members of the Pricing Committee are Brooke C. Ashland, Erich M. Patten and Matthew C. Patten. The Pricing Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Qualifications of the Trustees. The Nominating Committee reviews the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of potential candidates for nomination or election by the Board. In evaluating a candidate for nomination or election as a Trustee, the Committee takes into account the contribution that the candidate would be expected to make to the diverse mix of experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that the Committee believes contribute to good governance for the Trust. The Board has concluded, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with the other Trustees, that each Trustee is qualified to serve on the Board. The Board believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them; to interact effectively with the Adviser, other service providers, legal counsel and independent public accountants; and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees, support this conclusion. In determining that a particular Trustee is and will continue to be qualified to serve as a Trustee, the Board considers a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, is controlling.

 

Matthew Patten has served as a Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and its affiliates since 2003, President of the Adviser from 2004-2014 and Chief Executive Officer since 2014. He holds a B.A. degree in Economics and Environmental Geo-Science from Boston College and was awarded his M.B.A. from the University of Chicago. Mr. Matthew Patten has served as a Trustee since 2004. The Board has concluded that Mr. Matthew is suitable to serve as a Trustee because of his past service and experience as a Trustee of the Trust, his professional investment and business experience, and his academic background.

 

Robert F. Turner retired in February 2012 as Chairman of Jeld-Wen, Inc., a manufacturing company. He previously had served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Jeld-Wen, Inc. from 1999 to 2010. Mr. Turner holds a B.S. degree in Business from the University of Oregon. Mr. Turner has served on the Boards of several nonprofit organizations, including the University of Oregon Foundation and Jeld-Wen Foundation. The Board has concluded that Mr. Turner is suitable to serve as a Trustee because of his business experience, his academic background and his service on other boards.

 

Michael Burrill Jr. is the President of Burrill Resources in Medford, Oregon. His primary focus is development and management of commercial real estate. He also currently serves on the Board of Directors for Mercy Flights, Jackson County’s non-profit ground and air ambulance provider. Mike’s past non-profit experience includes the Board of Directors

 

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  and Board Chair for Britt Festivals as well as service on the Board of Directors for the Special Olympics of Oregon and Community Works. Mr. Burrill holds a B.B.A. degree from Southern Oregon University. He has served as a Trustee of the Trust since 2023. The Board has concluded that Mr. Burrill is suitable to serve as a Trustee because of his leadership, business, and community experience.

 

Edward T. Alter retired in January 2009 after 28 years as Treasurer of the State of Utah. He holds a B.A. degree in Banking and Finance and an M.B.A. from the University of Utah. Mr. Alter is a Certified Public Accountant and has over 40 years of accounting and financial management experience. He was formerly a member of the Utah State Bonding Commission, the Private Activity Bond Review Board and the Utah Housing and Finance Agency Board. Mr. Alter was a board member of the Utah Retirement System where he served for 36 years including 9 years as Board President. He has also served as a member of the Utah Educational Savings Plan (My 529) Board and the Utah Higher Education Assistance Board. The Board has concluded that Mr. Alter is suitable to serve as a Trustee because of his professional investment and business experience, his academic background and his service and leadership on other boards.

 

Risk Oversight. An integral part of the Board’s overall responsibility for overseeing the management and operations of the Trust is the Board’s oversight of the risk management of the Trust’s investment programs and business affairs. The Fund is subject to a number of risks, such as investment risk, credit risk, valuation risk, operational risk, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk. The Trust, the Adviser and the other service providers have implemented various processes, procedures and controls to identify risks to the Fund, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and to mitigate any adverse effect should they occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. These systems include those that are embedded in the conduct of the regular operations of the Board and in the regular responsibilities of the officers of the Trust and the other service providers.

 

The Board exercises oversight of the risk management process through the Board itself and through its various committees. In addition to adopting, and periodically reviewing, policies and procedures designed to address risks to the Fund, the Board requires management of the Adviser and the Trust, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, to report to the Board and the committees on a variety of matters, including matters relating to risk management, at regular and special meetings. The Board and the committees receive regular reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least an annual basis, the Independent Trustees meet separately with the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, outside the presence of management, to discuss issues related to compliance. Furthermore, the Board receives an annual report from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer regarding the operation of the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust and its primary service providers.

 

The Board also receives quarterly reports from the Adviser on the investments and securities trading of the Fund, including the investment performance of the Fund, as well as reports regarding the valuation of the Fund’s securities. In addition, in its annual review of the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, the Board reviews information provided by the Adviser relating to its operational capabilities, financial condition and resources. The Board also conducts an annual self-evaluation that includes a review of its effectiveness in overseeing, among other things, the number of funds in the Trust and the effectiveness of its committee structure.

 

Although the risk management policies of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers are designed to be effective, those policies and their implementation vary among service providers and over time, and there is no guarantee that they will be effective. Not all risks that may affect the Trust can be identified or processes and controls developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and some risks are simply beyond the control of the Trust, the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers to the Trust. The Board may at any time, and in its sole discretion, change the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role.

 

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

 

Trustee*

Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership in the
Fund as of December 31, 2022

Interested Trustee
Matthew C. Patten Over $100,000
Independent Trustees
Michael E. Burrill Jr. None
Robert F. Turner None
Edward T. Alter None

 

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Ownership of Securities of the Adviser and Principal Underwriter

 

As of December 31, 2022, no Independent Trustee or any of his immediate family members owned beneficially or of record securities of the Fund’s investment adviser or principal underwriter, or any person directly or indirectly, controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Fund’s investment adviser or principal underwriter.

 

Compensation of Trustees and Officers

 

For his service to the Trust, each Independent Trustee of the Trust is paid an annual retainer fee of $7,500, plus a fee of $1,250 per Board meeting attended. In addition, the Audit Committee Chair receives annual compensation of $5,000. The Trustees are also reimbursed for travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings. Mr. Matthew Patten receives no compensation (other than reimbursement for travel and related expenses) for his service as a Trustee of the Trust. No officer or employee of the Trust is compensated by the Trust but officers are reimbursed for travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings. The following table sets forth the fees paid to each current Trustee by the Trust and the Fund Complex during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Trustee

Aggregate

Compensation
from the Fund

Pension or
Retirement

Benefits Accrued

Estimated Annual

Benefits upon

Retirement

Total Compensation

from Trust and

Fund Complex

Matthew C. Patten(1) $0 $0 $0 $0
John P. Cooney(2) $9,375 $0 $0 $9,375
Robert F. Turner $12,500 $0 $0 $12,500
Edward T. Alter $17,500 $0 $0 $17,500
Michael E. Burrill Jr.(3) $0 $0 $0 $0

 

(1) Mr. Patten is an Interested Trustee because of the positions he holds with the Adviser and its affiliates.
(2) Mr. Cooney retired from the Board effective April 20, 2023, and the amount stated in the table above reflects the compensation paid to him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
(3) Mr. Burrill was elected to serve on the Board on August 24, 2023, therefore he was not paid any compensation for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

Investment Adviser

 

Services of Adviser

 

The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser furnishes at its own expense all services, facilities and personnel necessary in connection with managing the Fund’s investments and effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund.

 

Ownership of Adviser/Affiliations

 

Brooke C. Ashland, Vice President of the Trust, is mother to both Erich Patten and Matthew Patten, who control the Adviser. The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Trustees or executive officers of the Trust who are employed by the Adviser (or affiliates of the Adviser) are Brooke C. Ashland, Matthew C. Patten and Erich M. Patten. The titles for each as they relate to the Trust, the Adviser and affiliates of the Adviser are located in the table in this section under the caption “Trustees and Executive Officers.”

 

Fees Paid to the Adviser

 

The Adviser’s advisory fee is calculated as a percentage of the Fund’s average net assets.

 

The advisory fee for the Fund, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, is equal to 0.75% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Effective as of the date of this SAI and its accompanying Prospectus, the Fund’s Adviser has contractually agreed, until October 31, 2024, to reduce its management fees and to pay the Fund’s ordinary operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit Annual Fund Operating Expenses to an amount not exceeding 0.99% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Any management fees reduced and ordinary operating expenses paid by the Adviser are subject to repayment by the Fund for a period of three years after such fees and expenses were reduced or paid, provided that the repayments do not cause Annual Fund Operating Expenses to exceed the foregoing expense limitation. Annual Fund Operating Expenses exclude brokerage costs, taxes, interest, acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses.

 

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Prior to October 31, 2024, the expense limitation agreement may be modified or terminated only with approval by the Board.

 

Prior to the expense limitation as stated in the preceding paragraph becoming effective on October 28, 2021, the Adviser had entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement under which it had contractually agreed, until October 31, 2021, to reduce its advisory fees and to pay the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to limit annual ordinary operating expenses to 1.15% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Ordinary operating expenses exclude brokerage costs, taxes, interest, acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses.

 

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Adviser did not waive or reduce any advisory fees. As of June 30, 2023, no prior year fee reductions are available for repayment to the Adviser.

 

The following table provides compensation payable to the Adviser by the Fund, advisory fee reductions (if any), advisory fees recouped (if any) and advisory fees received by the Adviser during each of the last three fiscal years, as applicable.

 

Fund/Fiscal Year Ended

Advisory Fees
Accrued by the
Equity Fund
Advisory Fee
Reductions and/or
Expense Payments
Advisory Fees
and/or Expense
Payments
Recouped
Advisory Fees
Received by the
Adviser
Cutler Equity Fund        
June 30, 2023 $1,362,475 $0 $0 $1,362,475
June 30, 2022 $1,436,512 $0 $0 $1,436,512
June 30, 2021 $1,292,387 $0 $41,417 $1,333,804

 

Other Provisions of the Advisory Agreement

 

Unless sooner terminated, the Advisory Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year with respect to the Fund so long as it is approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of the Fund’s shareholders, and in either case by a majority of the Independent Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Board recently approved a new advisory agreement that would become effective, subject to shareholder approval. The terms of the new advisory agreement are the same as the current Advisory Agreement, but the initial term would be for two years, then subject to annual renewal thereafter.

 

The Advisory Agreement may be terminated with respect to the Fund without penalty by the Trust on 60 days written notice when authorized either by vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding securities or by a vote of a majority of the Board on 60 days written notice to the Adviser, or by the Adviser on 60 days written notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, as defined by the 1940 Act.

 

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law, except that the Advisory Agreement does not protect the Adviser against any liability by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

In addition to the Funds, the portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts. The table below shows the number of, and total assets in, such other accounts as of June 30, 2023.

 

Other Accounts Managed (as of June 30, 2023)

 

Name of
Portfolio
Manager
Type of Accounts

Total
Number of
Other
Accounts

Managed

Total
Assets of
Other
Accounts
Managed
Number of
Accounts
Managed
with
Advisory Fee
Based on
Performance

Total Assets
of Accounts
with
Advisory

Fee Based on
Performance

Matthew C. Patten Other Registered Investment Companies: 0 $0 0 $0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 0 $0 0 $0
Other Accounts: 1856 $951 million 0 $0

 

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Erich M. Patten Other Registered Investment Companies: 0 $0 0 $0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 0 $0 0 $0
Other Accounts: 1856 $951 million 0 $0

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

The Adviser does not believe there are any material conflicts of interest in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Fund’s investments and the investments of other accounts listed above. However, potential conflicts of interest may arise where the Fund and other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers follow the same investment strategy and the Adviser is purchasing the same securities for the Fund and its other clients or where a portfolio manager is trading personally in the same securities.

 

In the event that more than one account managed by the Adviser is trading the same security, the Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to allocate trades on a pro rata basis across all accounts managed by the Adviser. These policies are designed to ensure equitable treatment of all accounts and to protect the Fund from disparate treatment due to any conflicts of interest. In addition, procedures are in place to monitor personal trading by the portfolio managers to ensure that the interests of the Adviser’s clients, including the Fund, come first.

 

Compensation

 

Each portfolio manager is an equity owner of the Adviser and his compensation, consisting of a fixed annual salary plus the potential for a discretionary bonus, varies with the general success of the Adviser as a firm. The portfolio managers’ compensation is not directly linked to any specific factors, such as the Fund’s performance or asset levels, but these factors may nevertheless affect the performance and profitability of the Adviser and may, as a result, affect the portfolio managers’ compensation.

 

Ownership of Fund Shares

 

The following table indicates the dollar value of shares of the Fund beneficially owned by the portfolio managers as of June 30, 2023.

 

Name of

Portfolio Manager

Dollar Value of

Cutler Equity Fund Shares

Beneficially Owned

Erich M. Patten Over $100,000
Matthew C. Patten Over $100,000

 

Distributor

 

The principal underwriter of the shares of the Fund is Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), located at 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, the Trust’s administrator. Stephen L. Preston is an officer of the Trust and an officer of the Distributor. The Distributor serves as principal underwriter for the Trust pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. Shares of the Fund are sold on a continuous basis by the Distributor. The Distributor has agreed to use its best efforts to solicit orders for the sale of the Fund’s shares, but it is not obliged to sell any particular amount of shares.

 

The Distribution Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect from year to year so long as such continuance is approved. The Distribution Agreement must be approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of the shareholders, and in either case by a majority of the Independent Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

 

The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days written notice when authorized either by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding securities or by a vote of a majority of the Board on 60 days written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor on 60 days written notice to the Trust. The Distribution Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, as defined by the 1940 Act.

 

Other Service Providers to the Fund

 

Administrator, Accountant and Transfer Agent

 

The Trust retains Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (the “Administrator”), located at 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, to provide the Fund with administrative, pricing, accounting, dividend disbursing, shareholder servicing and transfer agent services. The Administrator maintains the records of each shareholder’s account, answers shareholders’

 

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inquiries concerning their accounts, processes purchases and redemptions of the Fund’s shares, acts as dividend and distribution disbursing agent and performs other shareholder service functions. The Administrator also provides accounting and pricing services to the Fund and supplies non-investment related statistical and research data, internal regulatory compliance services and executive and administrative services. The Administrator supervises the preparation of tax returns, reports to shareholders of the Fund, reports to and filings with the SEC and state securities commissions, and materials for meetings of the Board.

 

For the performance of these services the Administrator receives a monthly fee from the Fund based on its average daily net assets (subject to a minimum fee per month), plus out-of-pocket expenses. The following table indicates the fees paid by the Fund to the Administrator for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Fiscal Year Ended

Fees Paid to the
Administrator by the
Cutler Equity Fund

June 30, 2023 $181,634
June 30, 2022 $191,502
June 30, 2021 $172,585

 

Custodian

 

The Fund’s custodian is US Bank, N.A. (the “Custodian”), located at 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. The Custodian, pursuant to an agreement with the Trust, safeguards and controls the Fund’s cash and securities and collects income on the Fund’s investments. The Custodian may employ subcustodians to provide custody of the Fund’s assets.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Cohen & Company, Ltd. has been selected as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Cohen & Company, Ltd., located at 1350 Euclid Ave., Suite 800, Cleveland, OH 44115, audits the annual financial statements of the Fund and prepares the Fund’s tax returns.

 

Portfolio Transactions

 

How Securities are Purchased and Sold

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are fixed income securities (for instance, money market instruments and bonds, notes and bills) usually are principal transactions. In a principal transaction, the party from whom the Fund purchases or to whom the Fund sells is acting on its own behalf (and not as the agent of some other party such as its customers). These securities normally are purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the securities. There usually are no brokerage commissions paid for these securities.

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are equity securities (for instance common stock and preferred stock) are generally effected: (1) if the security is traded on an exchange, through brokers who charge commissions; and (2) if the security is traded in the “over-the-counter” markets, in a principal transaction directly from a market maker. In transactions on stock exchanges, commissions are negotiated. When transactions are executed in an over-the-counter market, the Adviser will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary in order to obtain best execution, the Adviser will utilize the services of others.

 

Purchases of securities from underwriters of the securities include a disclosed fixed commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers include the spread between the bid and asked price.

 

In the case of fixed income and equity securities traded in the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup.

 

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Commissions Paid

 

The following table shows the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during each of the past three fiscal years.

 

Fiscal Year Ended Aggregate
Brokerage Commissions
Paid by the Fund
June 30, 2023 $9,682
June 30, 2022 $3,594
June 30, 2021 $7,848

 

Adviser Responsibility for Purchases and Sales

 

Subject to any applicable policies adopted by the Trust, the Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of securities with brokers and dealers selected by the Adviser in its discretion. The Fund does not have any obligation to deal with any specific broker or dealer in the execution of portfolio transactions. Allocations of transactions to brokers and dealers and the frequency of transactions are determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of the Fund rather than by any formula.

 

The Adviser seeks “best execution” for all portfolio transactions. This means that the Adviser seeks the most favorable price and execution available. The Adviser’s primary consideration in placing trades for the Fund is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner and at the most favorable price available.

 

Choosing Broker-Dealers

 

The Fund may not always pay the lowest commission or spread available. Rather, in determining the amount of commissions (including certain dealer spreads) paid in connection with securities transactions, the Adviser takes into account factors such as size of the order, difficulty of execution, efficiency of the executing broker’s facilities (including the research services described below) and any risk assumed by the executing broker.

 

Obtaining Research from Brokers

 

The Adviser may give consideration to research services furnished by brokers to the Adviser for its use and may cause the Fund to pay these brokers a higher commission than may be charged by other brokers. This research is designed to augment the Adviser’s own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. This research may be used by the Adviser in connection with services to clients other than the Fund, and not all research services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Fund. The Adviser’s fees are not reduced by reason of the Adviser’s receipt of research services.

 

Subject to applicable regulations and the Adviser’s fiduciary duties, the Adviser has full brokerage discretion. It evaluates the range of quality of a broker’s services in placing trades including securing best price, confidentiality, clearance and settlement capabilities, promptness of execution and the financial stability of the broker-dealer. Under certain circumstances, the value of research provided by a broker-dealer may be a factor in the selection of a broker. This research would include reports that are common in the industry. Typically, the research will be used to service all of the Adviser’s accounts although a particular client may not benefit from all the research received on each occasion. The nature of the services purchased for clients include industry research reports and periodicals, quotation systems and formal databases.

 

Occasionally, the Adviser may place an order with a broker and pay a slightly higher commission than another broker might charge. If this is done it will be because of the Adviser’s need for specific research, for specific expertise a firm may have in a particular type of transaction (due to factors such as size or difficulty), or for speed/efficiency in execution. Since most of the Adviser’s brokerage commissions for research are for economic research on specific companies or industries and, since the Adviser follows a limited number of securities, most of the commission dollars spent for industry and stock research directly benefit the Adviser’s clients, including the Fund.

 

There are occasions on which portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same securities for more than one account served by the Adviser. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they will be effected only when the Adviser believes that to do so will be in the best interest of the affected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations occur, the objective will be to allocate the execution in a manner that is deemed equitable to the accounts involved. Clients are typically allocated securities with prices averaged on a per-share or per-bond basis.

 

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Transactions through Affiliates

 

The Adviser does not effect brokerage transactions through affiliates of the Adviser (or affiliates of those persons). The Board has not adopted procedures to allow such transactions.

 

Other Accounts of the Adviser

 

Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other account or investment company that is or may in the future become managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. Investment decisions are the product of many factors, including basic suitability for the particular client involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. It also sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously purchase or sell the same security. In that event, each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as is possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which, in the Adviser’s opinion, is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of a portfolio security for one client could have an adverse effect on another client that has a position in that security. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for the Fund and other client accounts managed by the Adviser occurs contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large denomination purchases or sales.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The frequency of portfolio transactions of the Fund (the portfolio turnover rate) will vary from year to year depending on many factors. From time to time the Fund may engage in active short-term trading to take advantage of price movements affecting individual issues, groups of issues or markets. The Fund expects normal turnover of less than 50%, although there can be periods of greater or lesser turnover based upon market and corporate earnings activity. An annual portfolio turnover rate of 100% would occur if all of the securities in the Fund were replaced once in a period of one year. Higher portfolio turnover rates may result in increased brokerage costs to the Fund and a possible increase in short-term capital gains.

 

During the last two fiscal years the portfolio turnover rates of the Fund were:

 

Fiscal Year Ended Portfolio
Turnover Rate
of the Fund
June 30, 2023 7%
June 30, 2022 1%

 

Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers

 

From time to time the Fund may acquire and hold securities issued by its “regular brokers and dealers” or the parents of those brokers and dealers. For this purpose, regular brokers and dealers means the 10 brokers or dealers that: (1) received the greatest amount of brokerage commissions during the Fund’s last fiscal year; (2) engaged in the largest amount of principal transactions for portfolio transactions of the Fund during the Fund’s last fiscal year; or (3) sold the largest amount of the Fund’s shares during the Fund’s last fiscal year. As of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Fund did not own securities of regular broker/dealers.

 

Policy Regarding Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Board has adopted the Policy Regarding Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings set forth below to govern the circumstances under which disclosure regarding portfolio securities held by the Fund, and disclosure of purchases and sales of such securities, may be made to shareholders of the Fund or other persons. The Board has delegated to the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer the responsibility for ongoing monitoring and supervision of the policy to ensure compliance. The Board provides ongoing oversight of compliance with the policy and, as part of this oversight function, the Board receives from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer reports on any material violations of or exceptions to this policy. Although no material conflicts of interest are believed to exist that could disadvantage the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders, various safeguards have been implemented to protect the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders from conflicts of interest, including: the adoption of Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act designed to prevent fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative acts by officers and employees of the Trust, its investment adviser and its principal underwriter in connection

 

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with their personal securities transactions; the adoption by the Fund’s investment adviser and principal underwriter of insider trading policies and procedures designed to prevent their employees’ misuse of material non-public information; and the adoption by the Trust of a Code of Ethics for principal officers of the Trust that requires such officers to avoid conflicts of interest and to report to the Chief Compliance Officer any affiliations or other relationships that could potentially create a conflict of interest with the Fund.

 

Public disclosure regarding the portfolio securities held by the Fund is made quarterly in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to shareholders and in monthly holdings reports on Form NPORT (“Official Reports”). Except for such Official Reports and as otherwise expressly permitted herein, shareholders and other persons may not be provided with information regarding portfolio securities held, purchased or sold by the Fund.

 

Information regarding portfolio securities, and other information regarding the investment activities of the Fund, may be disclosed to rating and ranking organizations for use in connection with their rating or ranking of the Fund, but only if such disclosure has been approved by the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

This policy relating to disclosure of the Fund’s holdings of portfolio securities does not prohibit: (i) disclosure of information to the Fund’s investment adviser or to other service providers, including but not limited to, the Trust’s administrator, distributor, custodian, legal counsel and auditors, or to brokers and dealers through whom the Fund purchases and sells portfolio securities; and (ii) disclosure of holdings of, or transactions in, portfolio securities by the Fund that is made on the same basis to all shareholders of the Fund.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer may approve other arrangements, not described herein, under which information relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund, or purchased or sold by the Fund (other than information contained in Official Reports), is disclosed to any shareholder or other person. The Chief Compliance Officer shall approve such an arrangement only if she concludes (based on a consideration of the information to be disclosed, the timing of the disclosure, the intended use of the information and other relevant factors) that the arrangement is reasonably necessary to aid in conducting the ongoing business of the Fund and is unlikely to affect adversely the Fund or any shareholder of the Fund. The Chief Compliance Officer shall inform the Board of any such arrangements that are approved, and the rationale supporting approval, at the next regular quarterly meeting of the Board following such approval. The Chief Compliance Officer shall also inform the Board at least quarterly of any violations of this policy.

 

Neither the Adviser nor the Trust (nor any affiliated person, employee, officer, trustee or director of the Adviser or the Trust) may receive any direct or indirect compensation in consideration of the disclosure of information relating to portfolio securities held, purchased or sold by the Fund.

 

Below is a table that lists each service provider and other entity receiving non-public portfolio information along with information regarding the frequency of access, lag time for disclosure of portfolio information, and limitations on use (including a prohibition on trading on non-public information) of portfolio information.

 

Type of Service Provider

Frequency of Access to
Portfolio Information

Restrictions on Use

Lag Time

Adviser Daily Contractual and Ethical None
Administrator and Distributor Daily Contractual and Ethical None
Custodian Daily Contractual and Ethical None
Auditor

During annual audit,

or as needed

Ethical None
Legal counsel Regulatory filings, board meetings, and if a legal issue regarding the portfolio requires counsel’s review Ethical None
Printers/Typesetters Twice a year – printing of semi-annual and annual reports No formal restrictions in place None
Broker/dealers through which the Fund purchases and sells portfolio securities Daily access to the relevant purchase and/or sale – no broker/dealer has access to the Fund’s entire portfolios Contractual and Ethical None

 

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Type of Service Provider

Frequency of Access to
Portfolio Information

Restrictions on Use

Lag Time

Independent Rating or Ranking Agencies:

Morningstar Inc., Lipper, Bloomberg L.P., and FactSet

Monthly No formal restrictions At least 30 days

 

The Board has determined that the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders are adequately protected by the restrictions on use in those instances listed above, including those where contractual obligations between the Trust and the party do not exist. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund’s Policy Regarding Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings will prevent the misuse of such information by firms or individuals that receive such information.

 

Additional Purchase and Redemption Information

 

General Information

 

You may effect purchases or redemptions or request any shareholder privilege in person at the Transfer Agent’s offices located at 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246.

 

The Fund accepts orders for the purchase or redemption of shares on any weekday except days when the NYSE is closed.

 

The Fund may not be available for sale in the state in which you reside. Please check with your investment professional to determine the Fund’s availability.

 

Additional Purchase Information

 

Shares of the Fund are sold on a continuous basis by the Distributor at the next calculated NAV per share, without any sales charge. Accordingly, the offering price per share is the same as the NAV.

 

The Fund reserves the right to refuse any purchase request in excess of 1% of the Fund’s total assets. The Fund also reserves the right to refuse any purchase request, particularly requests that could adversely affect the Fund or the Fund’s operations. This includes those from any individual or group who, in the Fund’s view, is likely to engage in excessive trading as described in the Prospectus.

 

The Fund’s shares are normally issued for cash only. At the Adviser’s discretion, however, the Fund may accept portfolio securities that meet the investment objective and policies of the Fund as payment for Fund shares. The Fund will only accept securities that: (1) are not restricted as to transfer by law and are not illiquid; and (2) have a value that is readily ascertainable (and not established only by fair valuation procedures).

 

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

 

All contributions into an IRA through the automatic investing plan are treated as IRA contributions made during the year the investment is received.

 

UGMAs/UTMAs

 

If the trustee’s name is not in the account registration of a uniform gift or transfer to minor (“UGMA/UTMA”) account, the investor must provide a copy of the trust document.

 

Purchases Through Financial Institutions

 

You may purchase and redeem shares through certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions. Financial institutions may charge their customers a fee for their services and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

 

If you purchase shares through a financial institution, you will be subject to the institution’s procedures, which may include charges, limitations, investment minimums, cutoff times and restrictions in addition to, or different from, those applicable when you invest in the Fund directly. When you purchase the Fund’s shares through a financial institution, you may or may not be the shareholder of record and, subject to your institution’s procedures, you may have the Fund’s shares transferred into your name. There is typically a three-day settlement period for purchases and redemptions through broker-dealers. Certain financial institutions may also enter purchase orders with payment to follow.

 

You may not be eligible for certain shareholder services when you purchase shares through a financial institution. Contact your institution for further information. If you hold shares through a financial institution, the Fund may confirm purchases and redemptions to the financial institution, which will provide you with confirmations and periodic statements. The Fund is not responsible for the failure of any financial institution to carry out its obligations to its customers.

 

Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through a financial institution should read any materials and information provided by the financial institution to acquaint themselves with its procedures and any fees that the institution may charge.

 

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Additional Redemption Information

 

The Fund may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse the Fund for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased by the shareholder or to collect any charge relating to transactions in Fund shares effected for the benefit of a shareholder, as provided in the Prospectus.

 

Suspension of Right of Redemption

 

The Fund may suspend the right of redemption when: (1) the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the SEC determines that trading thereon is restricted; (2) an emergency (as determined by the SEC) exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of its securities is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly determine the value of its net assets; or (3) the SEC by order has permitted a suspension for the protection of the shareholders of the Fund.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

Redemption proceeds normally are paid in cash. However, payments may be made wholly or partly in portfolio securities if management of the Trust determines conditions exist which would make payment in cash detrimental to the best interests of the Fund. If redemption proceeds are paid wholly or partly in portfolio securities, brokerage costs may be incurred by the shareholder in converting the securities to cash. In addition, the shareholder will bear the risk of any market fluctuation in the price of a security from the time of valuation by the Fund to the time of transfer to the shareholder. Accordingly, the redeeming shareholder, when selling a security received in-kind, may receive cash of a lesser or greater amount than the total value of the portfolio securities received in redemption of Fund shares. The Fund will endeavor to transfer the security to the shareholder as quickly as practicable, subject to the shareholder’s timely provision of information pertaining to the custodial account to which such securities will be transferred. The shareholder will bear all costs associated with the in-kind distribution of portfolio securities. The Fund has filed an election with the SEC pursuant to which the Fund may effect a redemption in portfolio securities if the particular shareholder is redeeming more than $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s total net assets, whichever is less, during any 90-day period. In the opinion of management of the Trust, however, the amount of a redemption request would have to be significantly greater than $250,000 or 1% of total net assets before a redemption wholly or partly in portfolio securities would be made. In connection with a redemption in-kind, the shareholder has the option to receive in cash the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s net assets. The shareholder may waive this right.

 

NAV Determination

 

The price of the Fund’s shares on any given day is its NAV per share. NAV is calculated for the Fund on each day that the NYSE is open for trading. In determining the Fund’s NAV per share, securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at current market value using the last reported sales price provided by independent pricing services as of the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time). If no sale price is reported, the mean of the last bid and ask price is used. Non-exchange traded securities for which over-the-counter quotations are available are generally valued at the closing bid price. Money market instruments that mature within sixty days or less may be valued at amortized cost unless the Adviser, which is the Board’s valuation designee, believes another valuation is more appropriate. Investments in other open-end regulated investment companies are valued at NAV per share.

 

The Fund values securities at fair value pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board if: (1) market quotations are insufficient or not readily available; or (2) the Adviser believes that the prices or values available are unreliable due to, among other things, the occurrence of events after the close of the securities markets on which the Fund’s securities primarily trade but before the time as of which the Fund calculates its NAV.

 

Distributions

 

Unless a shareholder has elected to receive distributions in cash, distributions of net investment income will be reinvested at the Fund’s NAV per share calculated on the payment date. Distributions of capital gains will also be reinvested at the NAV per share of the Fund calculated on the payment date for the distribution.

 

A distribution will be treated as paid to you on December 31 of the current calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.

 

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Taxation

 

The tax information set forth in the Prospectus and the information in this section relates solely to U.S. Federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company (as discussed below). Such information is only a summary of certain key Federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the Federal tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications for shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning.

 

This “Taxation” section is based on the Code and applicable regulations in effect on the date hereof. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.

 

All investors should consult their own tax advisor as to the Federal, state, local and foreign tax provisions applicable to them.

 

Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company

 

The Fund intends to qualify each tax year as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. This qualification does not involve governmental supervision of management or investment practices or policies of the Fund.

 

The tax year of the Fund ends on June 30 (the same as the Fund’s fiscal year end).

 

Meaning of Qualification

 

As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to Federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (i.e., taxable interest, dividends and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses, and the excess of short-term capital gains over long-term capital losses) and net capital gains (i.e., the excess of long-term capital gains over short-term capital losses) that it distributes to shareholders. In order to qualify as a regulated investment company the Fund must satisfy the following requirements:

 

The Fund must distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the tax year. (Certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of the its tax year are considered distributions attributable to the previous tax year for purposes of satisfying this requirement.)

 

The Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities, or other income (including gains from options and futures contracts) derived from its business of investing in securities.

 

The Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of the issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), or in two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses.

 

Failure to Qualify

 

If for any tax year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gains) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends to shareholders, and the dividends will be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. A portion of these distributions generally may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders.

 

Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year.

 

Based on the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 (the “Modernization Act”), there is a remedy for failure of the Subchapter M asset diversification test, if the failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, subject to certain divestiture and procedural requirements and the payment of a tax. The Modernization Act also sets forth a de minimis exception to a potential failure of the Subchapter M asset diversification test, which would require corrective action but no tax. In addition, the Modernization Act allows for the remedy of a failure of the source-of-income requirement, if the failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, subject to certain procedural requirements and the payment of a tax.

 

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Fund Distributions

 

The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its investment company taxable income for each tax year. These distributions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. A portion of these distributions may qualify for the 50% dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

 

A portion of the Fund’s distributions may be treated as “qualified dividend income,” taxable to individuals at a maximum Federal tax rate of 20%. A distribution is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that the Fund receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met. To the extent a Fund’s distributions are attributable to other sources, such as interest or capital gains, the distributions generally are not treated as qualified dividend income.

 

The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its net capital gains for each tax year. These distributions generally are made only once a year, usually in December, but the Fund may make additional distributions of net capital gains at any time during the year. These distributions are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares.

 

The Fund’s net realized capital gains from securities transactions will be distributed only after reducing such gains by the amount of any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital losses generally may be carried forward indefinitely to offset net realized capital, if any, prior to distributing such gains to shareholders.

 

Distributions by the Fund that does not constitute ordinary income dividends or capital gains distributions will be treated as a return of capital. Return of capital distributions reduce the shareholder’s tax basis in the shares and are treated as gain from the sale of the shares to the extent the shareholder’s basis would be reduced below zero.

 

All distributions by the Fund will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether the distribution is paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. Shareholders receiving a distribution in the form of additional shares will be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares received, determined as of the reinvestment date.

 

A shareholder may purchase shares at a time when the Fund’s NAV reflects undistributed net investment income or realized capital gains, or unrealized appreciation in the value of the assets of the Fund. Distributions of these amounts are taxable to the shareholder in the manner described above, although the distribution economically constitutes a return of capital to the shareholder.

 

If a shareholder holds shares for six months or less and redeems shares at a loss after receiving a capital gains distribution, the loss will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the distribution.

 

Ordinarily, shareholders are required to take distributions by the Fund into account in the year in which they are made. A distribution declared in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in those months, however, is deemed to be received by the shareholders (and made by the Funds) on December 31 of that calendar year if the distribution is actually paid in January of the following year.

 

Shareholders will be advised annually as to the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) to them during the year.

 

Certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, are subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which should include dividends from the Fund and net gains from the disposition of Fund shares. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in the Fund.

 

Certain Tax Rules Applicable to the Fund’s Transactions

 

Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time a Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or losses from the disposition of foreign currencies, from the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, or from the disposition of a forward contract denominated in a foreign currency which are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses, referred to under the Code as “Section 988” gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of the Fund’s net capital gains.

 

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If the Fund owns shares in a foreign corporation that constitutes a “passive foreign investment company” (a “PFIC”) for Federal income tax purposes and the Fund does not elect to treat the foreign corporation as a “qualified electing fund” within the meaning of the Code, a Fund may be subject to U.S. Federal income taxation on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives from the PFIC or any gain it derives from the disposition of such shares, even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. The Fund may also be subject to additional interest charges in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Any tax paid by the Fund as a result of its ownership of shares in a PFIC will not give rise to any deduction or credit to the Fund or to any shareholder. A PFIC means any foreign corporation if, for the taxable year involved, either (1) it derives at least 75% of its gross income from “passive income” (including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, royalties, rents and annuities) or (2) on average, at least 50% of the value (or adjusted tax basis, if elected) of the assets held by the corporation produce “passive income.” The Fund could elect to “mark-to market” stock in a PFIC. Under such an election, the Fund would include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC stock as of the close of the taxable year over the Fund’s adjusted basis in the PFIC stock. The Fund would be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the PFIC stock over the fair market value of the PFIC stock as of the close of the taxable year, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included by the Fund for prior taxable years. The Fund’s adjusted basis in the PFIC stock would be adjusted to reflect the amounts included in, or deducted from, income under this election. Amounts included in income pursuant to this election, as well as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the PFIC stock, would be treated as ordinary income. The deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss, as well as loss realized on the sale or other disposition of the PFIC stock to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included by the Fund, would be treated as ordinary loss. The Fund generally would not be subject to the deferred tax and interest charge provisions discussed above with respect to PFIC stock for which a mark-to-market election has been made. If the Fund purchases shares in a PFIC and the Fund does elect to treat the foreign corporation as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, the Fund may be required to include in its income each year a portion of the ordinary income and net capital gains of the foreign corporation, even if this income is not distributed to the Fund. Any such income would be subject to the 90% distribution requirement described above and the excise tax distribution requirement described below. However, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.

 

Federal Excise Tax

 

A 4% non-deductible excise tax is imposed on a regulated investment company that fails to distribute in each calendar year an amount equal to: (1) 98% of its ordinary taxable income for the calendar year; (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ended on October 31 of the calendar year; and (3) the balance of any undistributed amounts from prior years. The Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to income tax for any tax year ending in a calendar year.

 

For purposes of calculating the excise tax, the Fund may: (1) reduce its capital gain net income (but not below its net capital gains) by the amount of any net ordinary loss for the calendar year and (2) exclude foreign currency gains and losses incurred after October 31 of any year in determining the amount of ordinary taxable income for the current calendar year. The Fund will include foreign currency gains and losses incurred after October 31 in determining ordinary taxable income for the succeeding calendar year.

 

The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions of ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the excise tax. Investors should note, however, that the Fund might in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise tax liability.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

In general, a shareholder will recognize gain or loss on the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund in an amount equal to the difference between the proceeds of the sale or redemption and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. All or a portion of any loss so recognized may be disallowed if the shareholder purchases other shares of the Fund within 30 days before or after the sale or redemption (a so-called “wash sale”). In general, any gain or loss arising from the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund will be considered capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for longer than one year. Any capital loss arising from the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less, however, is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of capital gains distributions received on such shares. For this purpose, the special holding period rules of Code Section 246(c)(3) and (4) generally will apply in determining the holding period of shares. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income. A corporate taxpayer may carryback excess capital losses to each of its three preceding tax years and may carry forward an excess capital loss for five years, and a non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward an excess capital loss indefinitely.

 

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Backup Withholding Tax

 

The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of distributions and the proceeds of redemptions of shares paid to any shareholder: (1) who has failed to provide its correct taxpayer identification number; (2) who is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly; or (3) who has failed to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to backup withholding or that it is a corporation or other “exempt recipient.”

 

Foreign Shareholders

 

Taxation of a shareholder who under the Code is a nonresident alien individual, foreign trust or estate, foreign corporation, or foreign partnership (“foreign shareholder”), depends on whether the income from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the foreign shareholder.

 

If the income from the Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, ordinary income distributions paid to a foreign shareholder will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the distribution. The foreign shareholder generally would be exempt from U.S. Federal income tax on gain realized on the sale of Fund shares, capital gains distributions from the Fund and amounts retained by a Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains.

 

If the income from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income distributions, capital gains distributions and any gain realized upon the sale of Fund shares will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or U.S. corporations. A foreign corporate shareholder would also be subject to a branch profits tax.

 

In the case of a non-corporate foreign shareholder, the Fund may be required to withhold U.S. Federal income tax at a rate of 30% on distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding (or taxable at a reduced treaty rate), unless the shareholder furnishes the Funds with proper notification of its foreign status.

 

The tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty might be different from those described herein.

 

The tax rules of other countries with respect to distributions from the Fund can differ from the rules for U.S. Federal income taxation described above. These foreign rules are not discussed herein. Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the consequences of foreign tax rules with respect to an investment in the Fund, distributions from the Fund, the applicability of foreign taxes and related matters.

 

FATCA Reporting Requirements

 

FATCA generally requires the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on dividends, including capital gain dividends, and the proceeds of the sale, redemption or other disposition of Fund shares. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., capital gain dividends and short-term capital gain and interest-related dividends).

 

Each shareholder is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the shareholder’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

State and Local Taxes

 

The tax rules of the various states of the U.S. and their local jurisdictions with respect to distributions from a Fund can differ from the rules for U.S. Federal income taxation described above. These state and local rules are not discussed herein. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of state and local tax rules with respect to an investment in the Fund, distributions from the Fund, the applicability of state and local taxes and related matters.

 

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Calculation of Performance Data

 

The Fund may, from time to time, advertise certain total return information. The average annual total returns of the Fund are computed by finding the average compounded rates of return over the 1-, 5-, and 10-year periods (or for the period of the Fund’s operations) that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value (after adjusting for the reinvestment of any income dividends and capital gain distributions). In particular, the average annual total returns of the Fund (“T”) is computed by using the redeemable value at the end of a specified period of time (“ERV”) of a hypothetical initial investment of $1,000 (“P”) over a period of time (“n”) according to the formula P (l+T)n = ERV.

 

Average annual total returns may also be calculated (i) after taxes on distributions and (ii) after taxes on distributions and redemption of the Fund’s shares at the end of the period. The calculations assume deduction of all taxes due on such Fund distributions. The ending redeemable value is determined by assuming a complete redemption at the end of the period covered by the computation and, in the case of returns after taxes on distributions and redemption of a Fund’s shares, includes the deduction of capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption or, if appropriate, an adjustment to take into account the tax benefit from any capital losses that may have resulted from the redemption. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest applicable individual federal marginal tax rate in effect on the reinvestment date of a distribution. The tax rates used correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (that is, the ordinary income tax rate for ordinary income distributions and the long-term capital gains rate for capital gains distributions). The tax rates may vary over the course of the measurement period. State and local tax liabilities are disregarded, as are the effect of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions and credits at various income levels and the impact of the federal alternative minimum income tax. Actual after-tax returns will depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The after-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

 

The table below shows the Fund’s average annual total returns for periods ended June 30, 2023.

 

 

Average Annual Total Returns
of the Fund for the

Period Ended June 30, 2023

1 Year 11.18%
5 Years 10.15%
10 Years 9.77%

 

In addition, the Fund may advertise other total return performance data (“Nonstandardized Return”). Nonstandardized Return shows as a percentage rate of return encompassing all elements of return (i.e., income and capital appreciation or depreciation) and it assumes reinvestment of all dividends and capital gain distributions. Nonstandardized Return may consist of a cumulative percentage of return, actual year-by-year rates or any combination thereof.

 

From time to time, the Fund may advertise its yield. A yield quotation is based on a 30-day (or one month) period and is computed by dividing the net investment income per share earned during the period by the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period, according to the following formula:

 

Yield = 2[(a-b/cd + 1)6 – 1]

 

Where:

a = dividends and interest earned during the period

b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)

c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that were entitled to receive dividends

d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period

 

Solely for the purpose of computing yield, dividend income is recognized by accruing 1/360 of the stated dividend rate of the security each day that the Fund owns the security. Generally, interest earned (for the purpose of “a” above) on debt obligations is computed by reference to the yield to maturity of each obligation held based on the market value of the obligation (including actual accrued interest) at the close of business on the last business day prior to the start of the 30-day (or one month) period for which yield is being calculated, or, with respect to obligations purchased during the month, the purchase price (plus actual accrued interest). The Fund’s yield for the 30 days ended June 30, 2023 was 1.51%.

 

The Fund’s performance may be compared in advertisements, sales literature and other communications to the performance of other mutual funds having similar objectives or to standardized indices or other measures of investment performance. In particular, the Fund may compare its performance to the S&P 500® Index, which is generally considered to be representative

 

25

 

 

of the performance of unmanaged common stocks that are publicly traded in the United States securities markets. Comparative performance may also be expressed by reference to rankings or broad groups of mutual funds, as prepared or tracked and published by mutual fund monitoring services, such as Lipper or Morningstar, Inc., or by one or more newspapers, newsletters or financial periodicals. Performance comparisons may be useful to investors who wish to compare a Fund’s past performance to that of other mutual funds and investment products. Of course, past performance is not a guarantee of future results.

 

Lipper ranks funds in various fund categories by making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends and takes into account any change in NAV over a specific period of time.

 

Morningstar, Inc. rates mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for one month.

 

Investors may use such indices and averages in addition to the Fund’s Prospectus to obtain a more complete view of a Fund’s performance before investing. Of course, when comparing the Fund’s performance to any index, factors such as composition of the index and prevailing market conditions should be considered in assessing the significance of such comparisons. When comparing funds using reporting services or total return, investors should take into consideration any relevant differences in funds such as permitted portfolio compositions and methods used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. Advertisements and other sales literature for the Fund may quote total returns that are calculated on non-standardized base periods. The total returns represent the historic change in the value of an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and distributions over a specified period of time.

 

From time to time the Fund may include in advertisements and other communications information, charts, and illustrations relating to inflation and the effects of inflation on the dollar, including the purchasing power of the dollar at various rates of inflation. The Fund may also disclose from time to time information about portfolio allocation and holdings at a particular date (including ratings of securities assigned by independent rating services such as S&P and Moody’s). The Fund may also depict the historical performance of the securities in which the Fund may invest over periods reflecting a variety of market or economic conditions either alone or in comparison with alternative investments, performance indices of those investments, or economic indicators. The Fund may also present performance and other investment characteristics, such as volatility or a temporary defensive posture, in light of the Adviser’s view of current or past market conditions or historical trends. The Fund may also include in advertisements and in materials furnished to present and prospective shareholders statements or illustrations relating to the appropriateness of types of securities and/or mutual funds that may be employed to meet specific financial goals, such as saving for retirement, children’s education, or other future needs.

 

Other Matters

 

Shareholder Voting and Other Rights

 

Each share of the Fund has equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and voting rights, and fractional shares have those rights proportionately. Delaware law does not require the Fund to hold annual meetings of shareholders, and it is anticipated that shareholder meetings will be held only when specifically required by Federal or state law. There are no conversion or preemptive rights in connection with shares of the Fund.

 

All shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of this offering, will be fully paid and nonassessable.

 

A shareholder in the Fund is entitled to the shareholder’s pro rata share of all distributions arising from the Fund’s assets and, upon redeeming shares, will receive the portion of the Fund’s net assets represented by the redeemed shares.

 

Shareholders owning 25% or more of the Fund’s outstanding shares may, as set forth in the Trust Instrument, call meetings of the Fund for any purpose related to the Fund, including, in the case of a meeting of the Fund, the purpose of voting on removal of one or more Trustees.

 

Certain Reorganization Transactions

 

The Fund may be terminated upon the sale of its assets to, or merger with, another open-end, management investment company or series thereof, or upon liquidation and distribution of its assets. Generally such terminations must be approved by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. However, the Trustees may, without prior shareholder approval, change the form of organization of the Fund by merger, consolidation or incorporation.

 

26

 

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

 

Proxy Voting Policies

 

The Trust and the Adviser have adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures that describe how the Fund intends to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of the Trust and the Adviser are attached to this SAI as Appendix B. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to its portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge upon request by calling (888) CUTLER4, or on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Ownership of Fund Shares

 

As of October 6, 2023, the officers and Trustees of the Trust as a group owned of record and beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Equity Fund. On the same date, the following shareholders owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund:

 

Cutler Equity Fund:

 

Name and Address

of Record Owner

Amount

of Ownership

Percentage

Ownership

Charles Schwab & Co Inc.

Mutual Fund/Special Custody

A-C For Exclusive Benefit of Customer

211 Main Street

San Francisco, CA 94105

3,757,528.4810 shares 51.77%

 

A shareholder owning of record or beneficially more than 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares may be considered a controlling person. That shareholder’s vote could have a more significant effect on matters presented at a shareholders’ meeting than the vote of other shareholders.

 

Limitations on Liability of Shareholders, Trustees and Officers

 

Delaware law provides that the Fund’s shareholders are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit.

 

The Bylaws of the Trust provide that the Trustees and officers shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by applicable laws. However, any Trustee or officer will not be protected against liability to the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.

 

Registration Statement

 

This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered hereby. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or obtained on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, are qualified by, and reference is made to the copy of such contract or other documents filed as exhibits to the registration statement.

 

Financial Statements

 

The Fund’s financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2023 included in the Annual Report to shareholders of the Fund, which have been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated herein by reference.

 

27

 

 

Appendix A: Description of Securities Ratings

 

A. Long-Term Ratings

 

1. Moody’s Investors Service — Global Rating Scales

 

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.1 2

 

Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all structured finance ratings.3 The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same. The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies, however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.

 

1 For certain structured finance, preferred stock and hybrid securities in which payment default events are either not defined or do not match investors’ expectations for timely payment, long-term and short-term ratings reflect the likelihood of impairment (as defined below in this publication) and financial loss in the event of impairment.

 

2 Supranational institutions and central banks that hold sovereign debt or extend sovereign loans, such as the IMF or the European Central Bank, may not always be treated similarly to other investors and lenders with similar credit exposures. Long-term and short-term ratings assigned to obligations held by both supranational institutions and central banks, as well as other investors, reflect only the credit risks faced by other investors unless specifically noted otherwise.

 

3 Like other global scale ratings, (sf) ratings reflect both the likelihood of a default and the expected loss suffered in the event of default. Ratings are assigned based on a rating committee’s assessment of a security’s expected loss rate (default probability multiplied by expected loss severity), and may be subject to the constraint that the final expected loss rating assigned would not be more than a certain number of notches, typically three to five notches, above the rating that would be assigned based on an assessment of default probability alone. The magnitude of this constraint may vary with the level of the rating, the seasoning of the transaction, and the uncertainty around the assessments of expected loss and probability of default.

 

Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

Aa – Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A – Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa – Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such, may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Ba – Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

B – Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

Caa – Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca – Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery in principal and interest.

 

A-1

 

 

C – Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

 

2. Standard and Poor’s — Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings’ analysis of the following considerations:

 

Likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

Nature of and provisions of the obligation;

 

Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

 

AAA – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

BBB – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

BB, B, CCC, CC and C – Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

A-2

 

 

BB – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

B – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

CCC – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

CC – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

C – An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

 

D – An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

NR – This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.

 

Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

3. Fitch —Long-Term Rating Scales

 

Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities in global infrastructure and project finance. IDRs opine on an entity’s relative vulnerability to default (including by way of a distressed debt exchange) on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts. In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency’s view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.

 

AAA – Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA – Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A – High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

A-3

 

 

BBB – Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

BB – Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.

 

B – Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

 

CCC – Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility.

 

CC – Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind seems probable.

 

C – Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a “C’ category for an issuer include:

 

a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

 

b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;

 

c. the formal announcement by the issuer or its agent of a distressed debt exchange;

 

d. a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.

 

A-4

 

 

B. Short Term Ratings

 

1. Moody’s Investors Service

 

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. Moody’s employs the following designations.

 

P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations

 

NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

2. Standard and Poor’s

 

Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations.

 

A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
   
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
   
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
   
B A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
   
C A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
   
D A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

 

A-5

 

 

3. Fitch

 

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit 28 ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

 

F1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
   
F2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
   
F3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
   
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
   
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
   
RD Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
   
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

Note Within rating categories, Fitch may use modifiers. The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA’ has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+’; ‘AA’; ‘AA–’; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA’ ratings and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1’, a ‘+’ may be appended.

 

A-6

 

 

Appendix B:  Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

CUTLER INVESTMENT COUNSEL, LLC

PROXY VOTING POLICIES & PROCEDURES

 

Established August 20, 2003

Amended March 10, 2006

Amended May 20, 2008

Amended December 29, 2009

Amended April 2, 2015

Amended August 9, 2018

 

SEC rule 206(4)-6 requires each investment adviser that votes proxies for its clients to have Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. The Department of Labor requires that an investment adviser vote proxies for ERISA plan securities, unless the voting right has been expressly reserved to the plan trustees or other plan fiduciary. Cutler Investment Counsel, LLC (“Cutler”) votes proxies for all of our clients unless the client relieves us of that responsibility in writing. Specific treatment of client proxy votes may also be described in the client contract. Accordingly, we advise the custodian to forward all proxies to us. When designated, we retain final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting.

 

The rule requires that we describe how we address material conflicts between our interests and those of our clients with respect to proxy voting. Cutler votes securities based on a pre-determined policy assuming the decision involves little or no discretion. We recognize, however, that under certain circumstances we may have a conflict of interest in voting proxies on behalf of a fund or other client. A “conflict of interest,” means any circumstance when Cutler, a fund advised by us, the principal underwriter of the fund, or one or more of their affiliates (including officers, directors and employees) knowingly does business with, receives compensation from, or sits on the board of, a particular issuer or closely affiliated entity, and, therefore, may appear to have a conflict of interest between its own interests and the interests of fund shareholders in how proxies of that issuer are voted.

 

In the event of such a conflict of interest, we will vote proxies relating to such issuers in accordance with the following procedures:

 

(i) Routine Matters Consistent with Policies. Cutler may vote proxies for routine matters in accordance with these policies.

 

(ii) Immaterial Conflicts. Cutler may vote proxies in accordance with these Policies if it is determined that the conflict of interest is not material. A conflict of interest will be considered material to the extent that it is determined that such conflict has the potential to influence Cutler’s decision-making in voting a proxy. Materiality determinations will be based upon an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances.

 

(iii) Material Conflicts and Non-Routine Matters. If, with respect to any proxy to be voted on behalf of a series of the Cutler Trust (the “Trust”) (a “Fund”), Cutler believes that (A) it has a material conflict and (B) that the issue to be voted upon is non-routine or is not covered by these policies, then —

 

B-1

 

 

Cutler shall contact the proxy administrator for review and determination. In the event that the proxy administrator determines that he/she has a conflict of interest, the proxy administrator shall submit the matter for determination to a member of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) who is not an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. In making a determination, the proxy administrator or the Board member will consider the best interests of Fund shareholders and may consider the recommendations of independent third parties that evaluate proxy proposals.

 

If, with respect to any proxy to be voted on behalf of any other clients, Cutler believes that (A) it has a material conflict and (B) that the issue to be voted upon is non-routine or is not covered by these policies, then we would suggest the client engage a third party to vote their proxies.

 

The rule also requires us to disclose information to our client about our procedures and policies, and how the client may obtain information on how we voted their proxies. This disclosure is provided annually to clients as part of their ADV offering. We will send to our clients upon verbal or written request a copy of our policies and procedures or any request on how we voted their proxies.

 

Cutler uses Broadridge Proxy Voting Services to vote our proxies electronically. Broadridge receives all ballots and votes on the issues according to our pre-set voting policies. If there are any unusual or controversial issues that do not fall within our voting policies, Broadridge notifies the Proxy administrator who then consults with the Portfolio Managers and votes the issue manually. Any comments by the investment manager are noted on the proxy material. A permanent record of all votes is retained.

 

The proxy administrator is responsible for overseeing the proxy voting process to ensure that proxies are voted in accordance with the guidelines provided in these proxy voting policies and procedures. The proxy administrator also will, from to time, periodically review these policies and industry trends in comparable proxy voting policies and procedures. The proxy administrator may recommend, as appropriate, revisions to update these policies.

 

As described further below, after an initial review, we will generally vote with management on routine matters related to the operation of the company and not expected to have a significant economic impact on the company or shareholders. We review and analyze on a case-by-case basis, non-routine proposals that are more likely to affect the structure and operation of the issuer and to have a greater impact on the value of the investment. We review and consider corporate governance issues related to proxy matters and generally support proposals that foster good corporate governance practices.

 

Regarding special interest issues, we may consider the following factors when developing a position: (i) the long-term benefit to shareholders of promoting corporate accountability and responsibility on social issues; (ii) management’s responsibility with respect to special interest issues; (iii) any economic costs and restrictions on management; and (iv) the responsibility to vote proxies for the greatest long-term shareholder value.

 

Since the quality and depth of management is a primary factor considered when investing in an issuer, the recommendation of the issuer’s management on any issue will be given substantial weight. However, the position of the issuer’s management will not be supported in any situation where it is determined not to be in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.

 

B-2

 

 

a) Routine Matters

 

i. Election of Directors. Proxies should be voted for a management-proposed slate of directors unless there is a contested election of directors or there are other compelling corporate governance reasons for withholding votes for such directors. Management proposals to limit director liability consistent with state laws and director indemnification provisions should be supported because it is important for companies to be able to attract qualified candidates.

 

ii. Appointment of Auditors. Management recommendations will generally be supported.

 

iii. Changes in State of Incorporation or Capital Structure. Management recommendations about reincorporation should be supported unless the new jurisdiction in which the issuer is reincorporating has laws that would materially dilute the rights of shareholders of the issuer. Proposals to increase authorized common stock should be examined on a case-by-case basis. If the new shares will be used to implement a poison pill or another form of anti-takeover device, or if the issuance of new shares could excessively dilute the value of outstanding shares upon issuance, then such proposals should be evaluated to determine whether they are in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.

 

b) Non-routine Matters

 

i. Corporate Restructurings, Mergers and Acquisitions. These proposals should be examined on a case-by-case basis because they are an extension of an investment decision.

 

ii. Proposals Affecting Shareholder Rights. Proposals that seek to limit shareholder rights, such as the creation of dual classes of stock, generally should not be supported.

 

iii. Anti-takeover Issues. Measures that impede takeovers or entrench management will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis taking into account the rights of shareholders and the potential effect on the value of the company.

 

iv. Executive Compensation. Although management recommendations should be given substantial weight, proposals relating to executive compensation plans, including stock option plans, should be examined on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the long-term interests of management and shareholders are properly aligned.

 

v. Social and Political Issues. These types of proposals should generally not be supported if they are not supported by management unless they would have a readily- determinable, positive financial effect on shareholder value and would not be burdensome or impose unnecessary or excessive costs on the issuer.

 

Proxy ballots sometimes contain a proposal granting the board authority to “transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting.” We may consider the following factors when developing a position on this issue: (i) the board is limited to what actions it may legally take with such authority; and (ii) our responsibility to consider actions before supporting them.

 

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There are many other issues that may be on a company’s proxy. Whatever those issues are, we act prudently, solely in the interest of the client. Furthermore, to act prudently in the voting of proxies we must consider those factors which would affect the value of the plan’s investment.

 

As stated in SEC books and records rule 204-2, we retain the following:

 

Copy of proxy voting policies and procedures

 

A copy of each proxy voting statement received regarding client securities

 

A record of each vote cast on behalf of a client

 

A copy of any document created by the adviser that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies for a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision

 

A copy of each written client request for voting information and a copy of any written response to a client request.

 

Two years of the above records are kept in the office of the adviser. Five years are kept either in the office or off site at a storage unit. Form N-PX shall be filed with the SEC in a timely manner.

 

Any client accounts managed by sub-advisor relationships will be voted by Cutler and in accordance with the sub-advisor’s proxy policies and procedures. In the circumstance of securities owned by both sub-advisor and Cutler managed accounts, the proxies should be voted in accordance with Cutler’s policy, with exceptions determined by the appropriate proxy administrator.

 

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