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The Small Cap Fund was created to acquire the assets and liabilities of the shares of the Rockland Small Cap Growth Fund, a series of The Rockland Funds Trust. Institutional Class shares of the Small Cap Fund were added to acquire the assets and liabilities of the Class I shares of the Jacob Small Cap Growth Fund II (formerly PineBridge US Small Cap Growth Fund), a series of Jacob Funds II (formerly PineBridge Mutual Funds). The Discovery Fund was created to acquire the assets and liabilities of the shares of the Jacob Micro Cap Growth Fund (formerly PineBridge US Micro Cap Growth Fund), a series of Jacob Funds II.

The Internet Fund’s primary investment objective is long-term growth of capital and a secondary objective is current income. The Internet Fund seeks to achieve its objectives by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in the securities of companies engaged in Internet and Internet-related industries. For purposes of such 80% policy, the term “assets” means the Fund’s net assets, including any borrowings for investment purposes, consistent with SEC requirements. The Fund does not, however, intend to borrow money for the purpose of making investments.

The Small Cap Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital. The Small Cap Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in small capitalization companies. Small capitalization companies are defined as those companies with market capitalizations (share price multiplied by number of shares outstanding) within the capitalization range of the Russell 2000® Growth Index at the time of purchase. For purposes of such 80% policy, the term “assets” means the Fund’s net assets, including any borrowings for investment purposes, consistent with SEC requirements. The Fund does not, however, intend to borrow money for the purpose of making investments.

The Discovery Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital. The Discovery Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in micro capitalization companies. Micro capitalization companies are defined as those companies with market capitalizations (share price multiplied by number of shares outstanding) of (1) less than or equal to $600 million; or (2) within the capitalization range of the Russell Micro Cap® Growth Index at the time of purchase. For purposes of such 80% policy, the term “assets” means the Fund’s net assets, including any borrowings for investment purposes, consistent with SEC requirements. The Fund does not, however, intend to borrow money for the purpose of making investments.

The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) with respect to each Fund and, therefore, the Adviser is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Funds. The terms of this exclusion limit the ability of each Fund to enter into futures, options on futures or engage in swaps transactions for non-hedging purposes. However, the Funds are not intended as vehicles for trading in the futures, commodity options or swaps markets.

Recent Market Developments. The Fund is subject to investment and operational risks associated with financial, economic and other global market developments and disruptions, including those arising from war, terrorism, market manipulation, government interventions, defaults and shutdowns, political changes or diplomatic developments, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, epidemics and pandemics) and natural/environmental disasters, which can all negatively impact the securities markets and cause the Fund to lose value. These events can also impair the technology and other operational systems upon which the Fund’s service providers, including the Adviser, rely, and could otherwise disrupt the Fund’s service providers’ ability to fulfill their obligations to the Fund.

The foregoing could lead to a significant economic downturn or recession, increased market volatility, a greater number of market closures, low or negative interest rates, higher default rates and adverse effects on the values and liquidity of securities or other assets. Such impacts, which may vary across asset classes, may adversely affect the performance of a Fund. In certain cases, an exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities or even the entire market, which may result in a Fund being, among other things, unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments or to accurately price its investments.

The Computer/Internet Technology Area. The Adviser believes that because of rapid advances in computer/Internet technology, an investment in companies with business operations in these areas will offer substantial opportunities for long-term capital appreciation. Of course, prices of common stocks of even the best managed, most profitable corporations are subject to market risk, which means their stock prices can decline. In addition, swings in investor psychology or significant trading by large institutional investors can result in price fluctuations. The Internet Fund may also invest in the stocks of companies that should benefit from the commercialization of technological advances, although they may not be directly involved in research and development.

Companies in the rapidly changing field of computer/Internet technology face special risks. For example, their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. The value of the Internet Fund’s shares may be susceptible to factors affecting the computer/Internet technology area and to greater risk and market fluctuation than an investment in a fund that invests in a broader range of portfolio securities not concentrated in any particular industry. As such, the Internet Fund is not an appropriate investment for individuals who are not long-term investors and who, as their primary objective, require safety of principal or stable income from their investments. The computer/Internet technology area may be subject to greater governmental regulation than many other areas and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have a material adverse effect on these areas. Additionally, companies in these areas may be subject to risks of developing technologies, competitive pressures and other factors and are dependent upon consumer and business acceptance as new technologies evolve.

Foreign Securities. The Internet Fund may invest without limitation in foreign securities, including securities of emerging market countries. The Internet Fund may invest directly in foreign companies or purchase foreign company securities traded on U.S. exchanges. The Internet Fund may also invest in foreign companies by purchasing depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates normally issued by U.S. banks that evidence the ownership of shares of a foreign issuer, as described below.

legal interpretations or less defined legal and regulatory provisions or because of corruption or influence on local courts. Foreign securities markets generally have substantially less volume than domestic securities exchanges and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies. Indirect costs, such as brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States. Dividends and interest paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on foreign investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Internet Fund by domestic companies. The foreign securities in which the Internet Fund invests may indirectly be affected, favorably or unfavorably, by the relative strength of the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency and U.S. dollar exchange rates and exchange control regulations. Additional risks include future political and economic developments, the possibility that a foreign jurisdiction might impose or increase withholding taxes on income payable with respect to foreign securities, the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the foreign issuer or foreign deposits (in which the Internet Fund could lose its entire investment in a certain market) and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls.

Emerging Market Securities. The Fund, subject to its investment strategies and policies, may invest in emerging markets investments, which have exposure to the risks discussed above relating to foreign instruments more generally, as well as certain additional risks. A high proportion of the shares of many issuers in emerging market countries may be held by a limited number of persons and financial institutions, which may limit the number of shares available for investment. The prices at which investments may be acquired may be affected by trading by persons with material non-public information and by securities transactions by brokers in anticipation of transactions by the Fund in particular securities. In addition, emerging market investments are susceptible to being influenced by large investors trading significant blocks of securities.

Emerging market stock markets continue to undergo growth and change which may result in trading volatility and difficulties in the settlement and recording of transactions, and in interpreting and applying the relevant law and regulations. The securities industries in these countries are comparatively underdeveloped. Stockbrokers and other intermediaries in the emerging markets may not perform as well as their counterparts in the United States and other more developed securities markets. Additionally, companies in emerging market countries may not be subject to accounting, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping requirements that are as robust as those in more developed countries and therefore, material information about a company may be unavailable or unreliable, and U.S. regulators may be unable to enforce a company’s regulatory obligations.

Emerging market debt securities may be more volatile, relatively less liquid and more difficult to value than debt securities economically tied to developed foreign countries. If the Fund’s investments need to be liquidated quickly, the Fund could sustain significant transaction costs. Further, investing in emerging market debt securities may present a greater risk of loss resulting from problems in security registration and custody or substantial economic, social, or political disruptions. In addition, rising interest rates, combined with widening credit spreads, could negatively impact the value of emerging market debt and increase funding costs for foreign issuers. In such a scenario, foreign issuers might not be able to service their debt obligations, the market for emerging market debt could suffer from reduced liquidity, and the Fund could lose money. Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than traditional emerging markets, and, as a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

Emerging market securities may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing in securities and instruments economically tied to developed foreign countries. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries are undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Certain of such countries may have, in the past, failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. As a result, the risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened. In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of investments in those countries and the availability of additional investments in those countries. The laws of countries in emerging markets relating to limited liability of corporate shareholders, fiduciary duties of officers and directors, and the bankruptcy of state enterprises are generally less well developed than or different from such laws in the United States. It may be more difficult to obtain or enforce a judgment in the courts of these countries than it is in the United States. Emerging securities markets are substantially smaller, relatively less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the United States. Although some governments in emerging markets have instituted economic reform policies, there can be no assurances that such policies will continue or succeed.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other forms of depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts are issued by banks or trust companies and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. ADRs are receipts issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign issuers. ADRs may be listed on a national securities exchange or may be traded in the over-the-counter market. EDRs also represent securities of foreign issuers and are designated for use in European markets. A GDR represents ownership in a non-U.S. company’s publicly traded securities that are traded on foreign stock exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. Depositary receipts are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, depositary receipts continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include foreign exchange risk as well as the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country as detailed in the Internet Fund’s prospectus.

The Internet Fund may purchase depositary receipts whether they are “sponsored” or “unsponsored.” “Sponsored” depositary receipts are issued jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depository, whereas “unsponsored” depositary receipts are issued without participation of the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. Therefore, there may not be a correlation between information concerning the issuer of the security and the market value of an unsponsored depositary receipt. Depositary receipts may result in a withholding tax by the foreign country of source, which will have the effect of reducing the income distributable to shareholders.

U.S. Government Obligations and U.S. Government Agency Obligations. U.S. government obligations are debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, which are direct obligations of the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury obligations differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance as follows: U.S. Treasury bills (maturity of one year or less), U.S. Treasury notes (maturity of one year or ten years), U.S. Treasury bonds (generally maturities of more than ten years). U.S. government agency obligations are issued or guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities and federal agencies, which have different levels of credit support. The U.S. government agency obligations include, but are not limited to, securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, such as the Federal Housing Administration and Ginnie Mae (i.e., the Government National Mortgage Association), including Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates. Other securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government may be supported only by the issuer’s right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain limits, such as securities issued by Federal Home Loan Banks, or are supported only by the credit of such agencies, such as Freddie Mac (i.e., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation) and Fannie Mae (i.e., the Federal National Mortgage Association). The maturities of U.S. government obligations usually range from three months to thirty years.

Repurchase Agreements. The Internet Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with member banks of the Federal Reserve System and with broker-dealers who are recognized as primary dealers in U.S. government securities by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Repurchase agreements involve an agreement to purchase a security and to sell that security back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price and an agreed-upon time. Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. Although the securities subject to the repurchase agreement might bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase would never be more than 397 days after the Internet Fund’s acquisition of the securities and normally would be within a shorter period of time. The resale price of the security back to the original seller will be in excess of the purchase price, reflecting an agreed upon market rate effective for the period of time the Internet Fund’s money will be invested in the security, and will not be related to the coupon rate of the purchased security. In the event that the repurchase agreement is held for more than one day, the security serving as collateral for the repurchase agreement will be marked-to-market daily to ensure that the value of the collateral does not decrease below the purchase price, plus accrued interest. If a decrease occurs, the seller will provide additional collateral to add to the account to maintain appropriate collateralization.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the Internet Fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. Delays may result in possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Internet Fund seeks it rights thereto, possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during the delayed period, and expenses in enforcing the Internet Fund’s rights.

Hedging Transactions. The Internet Fund may, but does not currently intend to, enter into hedging transactions. Hedging is a means of transferring risk that an investor does not desire to assume during an uncertain market environment. The Internet Fund is permitted to enter into the transactions solely (a) to hedge against changes in the market value of portfolio securities or (b) to close out or offset existing positions. The transactions must be appropriate to reduction of risk; they cannot be for speculation. In particular, the Internet Fund may write covered call options on securities or stock indices. By writing call options, the Internet Fund limits its profit to the amount of the premium received. By writing a covered call option, the Internet Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to deliver the security having a market value higher than its market value at the time the option was written. The Internet Fund will not write options if immediately after such sale the aggregate value of the obligations under the outstanding options would exceed 25% of the Internet Fund’s net assets.

Options Transactions. The Internet Fund may, but does not currently intend to, enter into options transactions. The Internet Fund may purchase call and put options on securities and on stock indices in an attempt to hedge its portfolio and to increase its total return. Call options may be purchased when it is believed that the market price of the underlying security or index will increase above the exercise price. Put options may be purchased when the market price of the underlying security or index is expected to decrease below the exercise price. The Internet Fund may also purchase all options to provide a hedge against an increase in the price of a security sold short by it. When the Internet Fund purchases a call option, it will pay a premium to the party writing the option and a commission to the broker selling the option. If the option is exercised by the Internet Fund, the amount of the premium and the commission paid may be greater than the amount of the brokerage commission that would be charged if the security were purchased directly.

In addition, the Internet Fund may write covered call options on securities or stock indices. By writing options, the Internet Fund limits its profits to the amount of the premium received. By writing a call option, the Internet Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to deliver the security at a market value higher than its market value at the time the option was written plus the difference between the original purchase price of the stock and the strike price. By writing a put option, the Internet Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security at a price in excess of its current market value.

Lending of Securities. The Internet Fund may lend its portfolio securities to qualified institutions as determined by the Adviser. By lending its portfolio securities, the Internet Fund attempts to increase its income through the receipt of interest on the loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that may occur during the term of the loan will be for the account of the Internet Fund in such transaction. The Internet Fund will not lend portfolio securities if, as a result, the aggregate of such loans exceeds 33% of the value of its total assets (including such loans). All relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the qualified institution, will be monitored by the Adviser, and will be considered in making decisions with respect to lending of securities, subject to review by the Internet Fund’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Internet Fund may pay reasonable negotiated fees in connection with loaned securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and their reasonableness is determined by the Board.

Variable-Amount Master Demand Notes. The Internet Fund may purchase variable amount master demand notes (“VANs”). VANs are debt obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the instrument and permit the holder to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest at specified intervals upon a specified number of days’ notice either from the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit, a guarantee, insurance or other credit facility issued with respect to such instrument.

The VANs in which the Internet Fund may invest are payable on not more than seven calendar days’ notice either on demand or at specified intervals not exceeding one year depending upon the terms of the instrument. The terms of the instruments provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to up to one year and their adjustments are based upon the prime rate of a bank or other appropriate interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective instruments. The Internet Fund will decide which variable rate demand instruments it will purchase in accordance with procedures prescribed by its Board to minimize credit risks.

The VANs that the Internet Fund may invest in include participation certificates purchased by the Internet Fund from banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions in fixed or variable rate, or taxable debt obligations (VANs) owned by such institutions or affiliated organizations. A participation certificate gives the Internet Fund an undivided interest in the obligation in the proportion that the Internet Fund’s participation interest bears to the total principal amount of the obligation and provides the demand repurchase feature described below. Where the institution issuing the participation does not meet the Internet Fund’s high quality standards, the participation is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guaranty of a bank (which may be a bank issuing a confirming letter of credit, or a bank serving as agent of the issuing bank with respect to the possible repurchase of the certificate of participation or a bank serving as agent of the issuer with respect to the possible repurchase of the issue) or insurance policy of an insurance company that the Board has determined meets the prescribed quality standards for the Internet Fund. The Internet Fund has the right to sell the participation certificate back to the institution and, where applicable, draw on the letter of credit, guarantee or insurance after no more than 30 days’ notice either on demand or at specified intervals not exceeding 397 days (depending on the terms of the participation), for all or any part of the full principal amount of the Internet Fund’s participation interest in the security, plus accrued interest. The Internet Fund intends to exercise the demand only (1) upon a default under the terms of the bond documents, (2) as needed to provide liquidity to the Internet Fund in order to make redemptions of the Internet Fund’s shares, or (3) to maintain a high quality investment portfolio. The institutions issuing the participation certificates will retain a service and letter of credit fee (where applicable) and a fee for providing the demand repurchase feature, in an amount equal to the excess of the interest paid on the instruments over the negotiated yield at which the participations were purchased by the Internet Fund. The total fees generally range from 5% to 15% of the applicable prime rate* or other interest rate index. With respect to insurance, the Internet Fund will attempt to have the

issuer of the participation certificate bear the cost of the insurance, although the Internet Fund retains the option to purchase insurance if necessary, in which case the cost of insurance will be an expense of the Internet Fund. The Adviser has been instructed by the Board to continually monitor the pricing, quality and liquidity of the variable rate demand instruments held by the Internet Fund, including the participation certificates, on the basis of published financial information and reports of the rating agencies and other bank analytical services to which the Internet Fund may subscribe. Although these instruments may be sold, the Internet Fund intends to hold them until maturity, except under the circumstances stated above.

While the value of the underlying variable rate demand instruments may change with changes in interest rates generally, the variable rate nature of the underlying variable rate demand instruments should minimize changes in value of the instruments. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation and the risk of potential capital depreciation is less than would be the case with a portfolio of fixed income securities. The Internet Fund may contain VANs on which stated minimum or maximum rates, or maximum rates set by state law, limit the degree to which interest on such VANs may fluctuate. To the extent that the Internet Fund holds VANs with these limits, increases or decreases in value may be somewhat greater than would be the case without such limits. In the event that interest rates increased so that the variable rate exceeded the fixed-rate on the obligations, the obligations could no longer be valued at par and this may cause the Internet Fund to take corrective action, including the elimination of the instruments. Because the adjustment of interest rates on the VANs is made in relation to movements of the applicable banks’ “prime rate,”1 or other interest rate adjustment index, the VANs are not comparable to long-term fixed-rate securities. Accordingly, interest rates on the VANs may be higher or lower than current market rates for fixed-rate obligations or obligations of comparable quality with similar maturities.

For purposes of determining whether a VAN held by a Fund matures within 397 days from the date of its acquisition, the maturity of the instrument will be deemed to be the longer of (1) the period required before the Internet Fund is entitled to receive payment of the principal amount of the instrument or (2) the period remaining until the instrument’s next interest rate adjustment. If a variable rate demand instrument ceases to meet the investment criteria of the Internet Fund, it will be sold in the market or through exercise of the repurchase demand.

Investment Companies. The Internet Fund may purchase securities of other investment companies only to the extent that (i) not more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund, except as such securities may be acquired as part of a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets and further, except as may be permitted by Section 12(d) of the 1940 Act, or an SEC rule or order.

In accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, the provisions of Section 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price including a sales load that exceeds the limits set forth in Rule 2830

The SEC adopted certain regulatory changes and took other actions related to the ability of an investment company to invest in the securities of another investment company. These changes include, among other things, the adoption of Rule 12d1-4, which permits a Fund to invest in other investment companies in excess of statutory limits without an exemptive order, subject to certain conditions. Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act also is designed to limit the use of complex fund structures. Under Rule 12d1-4, an acquired fund is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring the securities of another investment company or private fund if, immediately after the purchase, the securities of investment companies and private funds owned by the acquired fund have an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the acquired fund’s total assets, subject to certain limited exceptions. Accordingly, to the extent the Fund’s shares are sold to other investment companies in reliance on Rule 12d1-4, the Fund will be limited in the amount it could invest in other investment companies and private funds. In addition to Rule 12d1-4, the 1940 Act and related rules provide certain other exemptions from these restrictions.

Illiquid Investments. The Internet Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. Under the supervision of the Company’s Board of Directors (each a “Director” and collectively, “Directors”), the Adviser determines the liquidity of the Internet Fund’s investments, and through reports from the Adviser, the Directors monitor investments in illiquid instruments. In determining the liquidity of the Internet Fund’s investments, the Adviser may consider various factors including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations, (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market, (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features), and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Internet Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment). If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, more than 15% of the Internet Fund’s net assets were invested in illiquid securities, the Internet Fund would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.

Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), securities which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered under the 1933 Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Registered investment companies do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. A fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.

Rule 144A securities will be considered illiquid and therefore subject to the Internet Fund’s limit on the purchase of illiquid securities unless the Directors or their delegates determine that the Rule 144A securities are liquid. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Directors and their delegates may consider, among other things, the following factors: (i) the unregistered nature of the security; (ii) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (iii) the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (iv) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (v) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer).

Borrowing. Currently, the 1940 Act permits the Fund to borrow money from banks in amounts up to one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed.) To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, the Fund may also borrow an additional 5% of its total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as the clearance of portfolio transactions. The Internet Fund may not, however, purchase additional securities while borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets. Interest paid on borrowings will reduce net income. The use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since substantially all of the Fund’s assets fluctuate in value, while the interest obligations resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund’s agreement with its lender, the NAV per share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. The Fund will reduce its borrowing amount within three days, if the Fund’s asset coverage falls below the amount required by the 1940 Act.

Cyber security risk. Investment companies, such as the Internet Fund, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investments in such portfolio companies to lose value.

Foreign Securities. Each Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign securities, including securities of emerging market countries. Each Fund may invest directly in foreign companies or purchase foreign company securities traded on U.S. exchanges. Each Fund may also invest in foreign companies by purchasing depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates normally issued by U.S. banks that evidence the ownership of shares of a foreign issuer, as described below.

Investment in foreign companies, including issuers located in emerging market countries, involves somewhat different investment risks from those of investing in U.S. domestic companies. There may be limited publicly available information with respect to foreign issuers and foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards, including recordkeeping standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the United States. It may also be difficult to enforce legal rights in foreign countries because of inconsistent legal interpretations or less defined legal and regulatory provisions or because of corruption or influence on local courts. Foreign securities markets generally have substantially less volume than domestic securities exchanges and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies. Indirect costs, such as brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States. Dividends and interest paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on foreign investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to each Fund by domestic companies. The foreign securities in which each Fund invests may indirectly be affected, favorably or unfavorably, by the relative strength of the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency and U.S. dollar exchange rates and exchange control regulations. Additional risks include future political and economic developments, the possibility that a foreign jurisdiction might impose or increase withholding taxes on income payable with respect to foreign securities, the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the foreign issuer or foreign deposits (in which each Fund could lose its entire investment in a certain market) and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls.

Emerging Market Securities. Each Fund, subject to its investment strategies and policies, may invest in emerging markets investments, which have exposure to the risks discussed above relating to foreign instruments more generally, as well as certain additional risks. A high proportion of the shares of many issuers in emerging market countries may be held by a limited number of persons and financial institutions, which may limit the number of shares available for investment. The prices at which investments may be acquired may be affected by trading by persons with material non-public information and by securities transactions by brokers in anticipation of transactions by the investing Fund in particular securities. In addition, emerging market investments are susceptible to being influenced by large investors trading significant blocks of securities.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts include ADRs, EDRs, GDRs or other forms of depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts are issued by banks or trust companies and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. ADRs are receipts issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign issuers. ADRs may be listed on a national securities exchange or may be traded in the over-the-counter market. EDRs also represent securities of foreign issuers and are designated for use in European markets. A GDR represents ownership in a non-U.S. company’s publicly traded securities that are traded on foreign stock exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. Depositary receipts are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, depositary receipts continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include foreign exchange risk as well as the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country as detailed in each Fund’s Prospectus.

Each Fund may purchase depositary receipts whether they are “sponsored” or “unsponsored.” “Sponsored” depositary receipts are issued jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depository, whereas “unsponsored” depositary receipts are issued without participation of the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. Therefore, there may not be a correlation between information concerning the issuer of the security and the market value of an unsponsored depositary receipt. Depositary receipts may result in a withholding tax by the foreign country of source, which will have the effect of reducing the income distributable to shareholders.

Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with member banks of the Federal Reserve System and with broker-dealers who are recognized as primary dealers in U.S. government securities by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Repurchase agreements involve an agreement to purchase a security and to sell that security back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price and an agreed-upon time. Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. Although the securities subject to the repurchase agreement might bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase would never be more than 397 days after each Fund’s acquisition of the securities and normally would be within a shorter period of time. The resale price of the security back to the original seller will be in excess of the purchase price, reflecting an agreed upon market rate effective for the period of time each Fund’s money will be invested in the security, and will not be related to the coupon rate of the purchased security. In the event that the repurchase agreement is held for more than one day, the security serving as collateral for the repurchase agreement will be marked-to-market daily to ensure that the value of the collateral does not decrease below the purchase price, plus accrued interest. If a decrease occurs, the seller will provide additional collateral to add to the account to maintain appropriate collateralization.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, each Fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. Delays may result in possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks it rights thereto, possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during the delayed period, and expenses in enforcing the Fund’s rights.

Hedging Transactions. Each Fund may, but does not currently intend to, enter into hedging transactions. Hedging is a means of transferring risk that an investor does not desire to assume during an uncertain market environment. Each Fund is permitted to enter into the transactions solely (a) to hedge against changes in the market value of portfolio securities or (b) to close out or offset existing positions. The transactions must be appropriate to reduction of risk; they cannot be for speculation. In particular, each Fund may write covered call options on securities or stock indices. By writing call options, a Fund limits its profit to the amount of the premium received. By writing a covered call option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to deliver the security having a market value higher than its market value at

Options Transactions. Each Fund may, but does not currently intend to, enter into options transactions. A Fund may purchase call and put options on securities and on stock indices in an attempt to hedge its portfolio and to increase its total return. Call options may be purchased when it is believed that the market price of the underlying security or index will increase above the exercise price. Put options may be purchased when the market price of the underlying security or index is expected to decrease below the exercise price. Each Fund may also purchase all options to provide a hedge against an increase in the price of a security sold short by it. When a Fund purchases a call option, it will pay a premium to the party writing the option and a commission to the broker selling the option. If the option is exercised by a Fund, the amount of the premium and the commission paid may be greater than the amount of the brokerage commission that would be charged if the security were purchased directly.

In addition, each Fund may write covered call options on securities or stock indices. By writing options, a Fund limits its profits to the amount of the premium received. By writing a call option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to deliver the security at a market value higher than its market value at the time the option was written plus the difference between the original purchase price of the stock and the strike price. By writing a put option, each Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security at a price in excess of its current market value.

Lending of Securities. Each Fund may lend its portfolio securities to qualified institutions as determined by the Adviser. By lending its portfolio securities, a Fund attempts to increase its income through the receipt of interest on the loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that may occur during the term of the loan will be for the account of the Fund in such transaction. A Fund will not lend portfolio securities if, as a result, the aggregate of such loans exceeds 33% of the value of its total assets (including such loans). All relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the qualified institution, will be monitored by the Adviser, and will be considered in making decisions with respect to lending of securities, subject to review by the Board. Each Fund may pay reasonable negotiated fees in connection with loaned securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and their reasonableness is determined by the Board.

Investment Companies. Each Fund may purchase securities of other investment companies only to the extent that (i) not more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by a Fund, except as such securities may be acquired as part of a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets and further, except as may be permitted by Section 12(d) of the 1940 Act, or an SEC rule or order.

Illiquid Investments. Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. Under the supervision of the Company’s Directors, the Adviser determines the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, and through reports from the Adviser, the Directors monitor investments in illiquid instruments. In determining the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, the Adviser may consider various factors including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations, (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market, (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features), and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment). If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, more than 15% of a Fund’s net assets were invested in illiquid securities, the Fund would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.

Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act, securities which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered under the 1933 Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Registered investment companies do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. A mutual fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.

A large institutional market has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities, and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments.

Rule 144A securities will be considered illiquid and therefore subject to each Fund’s limit on the purchase of illiquid securities unless the Directors or their delegates determine that the Rule 144A securities are liquid. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Directors and their delegates may consider, among other things, the following factors: (i) the unregistered nature of the security; (ii) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (iii) the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (iv) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (v) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer).

Borrowing. Currently, the 1940 Act permits the Funds to borrow money from banks in amounts up to one-third of their total assets (including the amount borrowed.) To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, the Funds may also borrow an additional 5% of their total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as the clearance of portfolio transactions. Each Fund may not, however, purchase additional securities while borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets. Interest paid on borrowings will reduce net income. The use of borrowing by the Funds involves special risk considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since substantially all of a Fund’s assets fluctuate in value, while the interest obligations resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of a Fund’s agreement with its lender, the NAV per share of a Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Funds might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. Each Fund will reduce its borrowing amount within three days, if such Fund’s asset coverage falls below the amount required by the 1940 Act.

Cyber security risk. Investment companies, such as the Funds, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting a Fund or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact a Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject a Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause a Fund’s investments in such portfolio companies to lose value.

The Internet Fund has adopted the following fundamental investment restrictions which may not be changed unless approved by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares. As used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term “majority of the outstanding shares” of the Internet Fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Internet Fund present at the meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Internet Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Internet Fund.

(9)Make loans to others, except through the purchase of portfolio investments, including repurchase agreements, exceeding in the aggregate one-third of the market value of the Internet Fund’s total assets less liabilities other than obligations created by these transactions. Securities lending, as described on page 4, is not included in the fundamental investment restriction with respect to making loans. The Internet Fund is permitted to lend its portfolio securities, provided that the aggregate of such loans does not exceed 33% of the value of its total assets (including such loans).

The Internet Fund is subject to the requirements of Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4, the Internet Fund may not acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” means any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of Rule 22e-4.

The Small Cap Fund and Discovery Fund have adopted the following investment restrictions, some of which are fundamental investment restrictions that cannot be changed without the approval of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund means the vote of: (i) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund; or (ii) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy, whichever is less. In cases where the current legal or regulatory limitations are explained in the investment restrictions, such explanations are not part of the fundamental investment restriction and may be modified without shareholder approval to reflect changes in the legal and regulatory requirements.

(1)Borrow money or issue senior securities, except as the 1940 Act, any rule thereunder, or SEC staff interpretation thereof, may permit. The following sentence is intended to describe the current regulatory limits relating to senior securities and borrowing activities that apply to mutual funds and the information in the sentence may be changed without shareholder approval to reflect legal or regulatory changes. The Fund may borrow up to 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes and may also borrow from banks, provided that if borrowings exceed 5%, a Fund must have assets totaling at least 300% of the borrowing when the amount of the borrowing is added to the Fund’s other assets. The effect of this provision is to allow a Fund to borrow from banks amounts up to one-third (33 1/3%) of its total assets (including those assets represented by the borrowing).

(5)Make investments that will result in the concentration (as that term may be defined in the 1940 Act, any rules or orders thereunder, or SEC staff interpretation thereof) of its total assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies). The following sentence is intended to describe the current definition of concentration and the information in the sentence may be changed without shareholder approval to reflect legal or regulatory changes. Currently, to avoid concentration of investments, the Fund may not invest 25% or more of its total assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies).

(7)Change its classification under the 1940 Act from “diversified” to “non-diversified.” The following sentence describes the current regulatory definition of “diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act, and the information in the sentence may be changed without shareholder approval to reflect legal or regulatory changes. A diversified fund is one that does not: (1) as to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the United States Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies), if immediately after and as a result of such purchase (a) the value of the holdings of the Fund in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets, or (b) the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, or any other class of securities, of such issuer.

The Small Cap Fund and Discovery Fund are subject to the requirements of Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4, each of the Small Cap Fund and Discovery Fund may not acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, a Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” means any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the provisions of Rule 22e-4.

When the Adviser believes that market conditions warrant a temporary defensive position, a Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in short-term instruments such as commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, variable rate demand instruments or repurchase agreements for such securities and securities of the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies. Investments in domestic bank certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances will be limited to banks that have total assets in excess of $500 million and are subject to regulatory supervision by the U.S. government or state governments. A Fund’s investments in foreign short-term instruments will be limited to those that, in the opinion of the Adviser, equate generally to the standards established for U.S. short-term instruments.

The annual portfolio turnover rate indicates changes in the Funds’ portfolios, and is calculated by dividing the lesser of long-term purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of portfolio long-term securities owned by the Funds during the fiscal year. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Funds’ portfolios, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to high transaction costs and might result in a greater number of taxable transactions. Each Fund’s rate of portfolio turnover for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

The Funds publicly disclose 100% of their portfolio holdings within sixty days after each fiscal quarter end in SEC filings as required by SEC rules. This information for the second and fourth fiscal quarters is also included in the annual and semi-annual reports sent to shareholders. In addition, to facilitate timely release of information to ratings agencies and others, the Funds expect to publicly disclose 100% of their portfolio holdings on their website no earlier than 30 days after each calendar quarter end and will provide such information to ratings agencies and others thereafter. Finally, the Funds intend to disclose their top 25 holdings on a monthly basis on their website no earlier than 30 days after the month end, along with information regarding the percentage of the portfolio that each holding comprises.

Under the Funds’ portfolio holdings disclosure policy and relevant SEC rules, the Funds may not make non-public disclosure of portfolio holdings information to third parties, unless the third party agrees to keep the information confidential and to follow appropriate limitations on trading. The Funds and/or the Adviser share portfolio holdings information with certain primary service providers that have a legitimate business need that is related to the services they provide to the Funds. The service providers that may receive portfolio holdings information include the custodian, the administrator, the proxy voting vendor, legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm. The Funds’ service arrangements with each of these entities include a duty of confidentiality (including appropriate limitations on trading) regarding portfolio holdings data by each service provider and its employees,

The Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser is the only person authorized to disclose each Fund’s portfolio holdings. The Chief Compliance Officer will conduct periodic reviews of compliance with the disclosure of portfolio holdings policy and will provide a written report at least annually to the Company’s Board regarding the operations of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The Chief Compliance Officer will supply the Board annually with a list of exceptions granted from the policy, if any, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose relevant to each exception. However, it is not currently anticipated that any exceptions will be granted.

The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the overall management and supervision of the Funds. Like most mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Funds is performed by various service providers, such as an investment adviser, administrator, transfer agent, distributor and custodians. The Board is responsible for selecting these service providers, approving the terms of their contracts regarding the Funds, and exercising general service provider oversight. The Board employs Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC (the “Adviser”) as the investment adviser for the Funds. The Adviser supervises all aspects of the Funds’ operations and provides investment advice and portfolio management services to the Funds. Subject to the Board’s supervision, the Adviser makes all of the day-to-day investment decisions, arranges for the execution of portfolio transactions and generally manages the portfolio investments. The Board has appointed employees of certain of these service providers as officers of the Company, with responsibility for supervising actively the day-to-day operations and reporting to the Board regarding operations. The Board has also appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Company’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board on compliance matters. The role of the Board and any individual Director is one of oversight and not of active management of the day-to-day operations or affairs of the Company.

Name, Address and Age

Position(s) Held with the Company

Term of Office & Length of Time Served(1)

Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director

Other Directorships Held By Director

Independent Directors:

William B. Fell
Age: 55

Director

Since 1999

Chief Financial Officer, Rhoads Industries, Inc., since 2012.

None

Christopher V. Hajinian
Age: 55

Director

Since 1999

Media Production, since 2011; Property Management, since 2008.

None

Jeffrey I. Schwarzschild
Age: 53

Director

Since 1999

Chief Counsel, California Conservation Corps, since September 2011.

None

Interested Director:

Ryan I. Jacob(2)
Age: 56

Director, President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Since 1999

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser since 1999.

None

Officers:

Name, Address and Age

Position(s) Held with the Company

Term of Office & Length of Time Served(1)

Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Director

Other Directorships Held By Director

Hayden Cook

Age: 32

Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer

Since 2024

Director of Operations for the Adviser since March 2024; Director of Marketing and Equity Analyst for the Adviser since 2015.

N/A

Francis J. Alexander
Age: 80

Secretary and Treasurer

Since 2024

Member of the Adviser and portfolio manager of the Internet Fund since inception in 1999; director of the Internet Fund, 1999- October 2003; President Alexander Capital Management, Inc., March 1985-June 2017.

N/A

Audit Committee. The Board has established an Audit Committee made up of the Independent Directors. The function of the Audit Committee is oversight; it is management’s responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control over financial reporting, and the independent registered public accounting firm’s responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit. The Audit Committee (1) oversees the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, its internal control over financial reporting and, as appropriate, inquiries into the internal control over financial reporting of certain service providers; (2) oversees the quality and objectivity of the Company’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (3) approves, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and, in connection therewith, reviews and evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm; and (4) acts as a liaison between the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board. The Audit Committee is composed of Messrs. Fell, Hajinian and Schwarzschild. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, the Audit Committee held two meetings.

Oversight of Risk. The Board oversees risk as part of its general oversight of the Funds. The Funds are subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, financial, liquidity, operational and valuation risks. The Company’s officers, the Adviser and other Fund service providers perform risk management as part of the day-to-day operations of the Funds and the Board receives related reports regarding risk-management and related findings. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all risks that may affect the Funds, and that it is not possible to develop processes or controls to eliminate all risks and their possible effects. Risk oversight is addressed as

part of various Board and Committee activities, including the following: (1) at regular Board meetings, and on an ad hoc basis as needed, receiving and reviewing reports related to the performance and operations of the Company; (2) reviewing and approving, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Company, Adviser, principal underwriter, and fund administrator and transfer agent; (3) meeting with investment personnel to review investment strategies, techniques and the processes used to manage related risks; (4) receiving and reviewing reports regarding key service providers; (5) meeting with and receiving reports from the Chief Compliance Officer and other senior officers of the Company and the Adviser regarding the compliance procedures of the Company and its service providers; and (6) meeting with outside counsel to discuss risks related to the Funds’ investments and operations. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role.

Directors’ Qualifications and Experience. The Board believes that each of the Directors has the qualifications, experiences, attributes and skills appropriate to continued service as a Director of the Company in light of the Company’s business and structure. Among the attributes and skills common to all Directors are the ability to review, evaluate and discuss information and proposals provided to them regarding the Funds, the ability to interact effectively with the Adviser and other service providers, and the ability to exercise independent business judgment. Also, in addition to a demonstrated record of academic, business and professional accomplishment, all of the Directors have served on the Board for a number of years. In their service to the Company, the Directors have gained substantial insight into the operation of the Company and have demonstrated a commitment to discharging oversight duties as Directors in the interests of shareholders. Generally, no one factor was decisive in determining that an individual should serve as a Director. Set forth below is a brief description of the specific experience ad attributes of each Director. Additional details regarding the background of each Director is included in the chart earlier in this section.

The Board believes that the Company’s leadership and committee structure is appropriate because it provides a structure for the Board to work effectively with management and service providers and facilitates the exercise of the Board’s independent judgment. The Board’s leadership structure permits important roles for the President of the Adviser, who serves as Chairman of the Company and oversees the Advisor’s day-to-day management of the Funds. The independent Directors work closely on all Fund matters, including Audit Committee matters, and have not seen


COMPENSATION TABLE (For the Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2024)
Name of Person Position with the Fund	Aggregate Compensation from the Funds	Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Funds Expenses	Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement	Total Compensation from the Funds
Independent Directors
William B. Fell Director	$34,000	$0	$0	$34,000
Christopher V. Hajinian Director	$32,000	$0	$0	$32,000
Jeffrey I. Schwarzschild Director	$32,000	$0	$0	$32,000
Interested Director
Ryan I. Jacob Director, President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer	$0	$0	$0	$0


Name of Director	Fund	Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund
Independent Directors
William B. Fell	Internet Fund	$1-$10,000
	Small Cap Fund	$0
	Discovery Fund	$0
Christopher V. Hajinian	Internet Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Small Cap Fund	$1-$10,000
	Discovery Fund	$10,001-$50,000
Jeffrey I. Schwarzschild	Internet Fund	$50,001-$100,000
	Small Cap Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Discovery Fund	$50,001-$100,000
Interested Director
Ryan I. Jacob	Internet Fund	$50,001-$100,000
	Small Cap Fund	$50,001- $100,000
	Discovery Fund	$10,001-$50,000
Francis Alexander	Internet Fund	Over $100,000

The Company and the Adviser have adopted a Joint Code of Ethics that governs the conduct of employees of the Company and Adviser who may have access to information about the Company’s securities transactions. The Joint Code of Ethics recognizes that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the Funds’ shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of their own interests. Among other things, the Joint Code of Ethics requires the preclearance of personal securities transactions; certain blackout periods for personal trading of securities which may be considered for purchase or sale by the Company; and contains prohibitions against personal trading of initial public offerings. Violations of the Code are subject to review by the Board and could result in severe penalties.

The Board delegated proxy voting authority to the Adviser and adopted proxy voting guidelines (“Guidelines”) to be used by the Adviser in voting the proxies of a Fund’s portfolio securities. In general, proxies are voted in a manner that is consistent with the best interest of Fund shareholders. Proxies are divided into routine and non-recurring/extraordinary matters. The routine matters are generally voted in accordance with management’s recommendations, absent a particular reason to vote in a contrary manner. Non-recurring/extraordinary matters are voted on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the best interests of shareholders. Generally, for non-recurring extraordinary matters, the Adviser will: (i) accept proposals that support best practices for corporate governance, or restore or protect shareholders’ authority; (ii) reject proposals that protect management from results of mergers and acquisitions, have the effect of diluting the value of existing shares, or reduce shareholders’ power over any company actions; and (iii) vote with management on proposals that address social or moral issues.

In general, the proxies of a Fund’s portfolio securities are to be voted in the Fund shareholders’ best interest without regard to any other relationship, business or otherwise, between (i) the issuer of the portfolio security, and (ii) the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliated person thereof. The Guidelines contain provisions to address potential conflicts of interest. The Adviser is responsible for identifying conflicts of interest and determining whether the conflict is material. If a conflict of interest is determined to be material, the conflict of interest must be resolved before the portfolio security proxy is voted. Resolutions of material conflicts of interest include: disclosing the conflict to the Board and obtaining Board consent before voting; engaging a third party to vote the proxy or recommend a vote of the proxy utilizing the Guidelines; or utilizing any other method deemed appropriate given the circumstances of the conflict.


Fund (Class)	Name and Address	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Type of Ownership
Small Cap Fund (Investor Class)

	Charles Schwab & Co. Inc	23.38%	Record
	211 Main Street
	San Francisco, CA 94105-1905

	National Financial Services LLC	10.65%	Record
	499 Washington Boulevard, 4th Floor
	Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995

	US Bank N.A.	9.73%	Beneficial
	FBO J Stuart
	c/o Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC
	727 2nd Street #106
	Hermosa Beach, CA 90254

	Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC	5.12%	Record
	2000 Westchester Avenue
	Purchase, NY 10577-2539

Small Cap Fund (Institutional Class)

	Paine Webber Incorporated	15.36%	Record
	FBO. Shoemaker F T
	1000 Harborside Boulevard
	Weehawken, NJ 07087

	Charles Schwab & Co. Inc	14.05%	Record
	211 Main Street
	San Francisco, CA 94105-1905

	National Financial Services LLC	7.63%	Record
	499 Washington Boulevard Floor 5
	Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010

Discovery Fund (Investor Class)

	National Financial Services LLC	46.69%	Record
	499 Washington Boulevard Floor 5
	Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010


Fund (Class)	Name and Address	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Type of Ownership


	Charles Schwab & Co. Inc	26.03%	Record
	211 Main Street
	San Francisco, CA 94105-1905

	Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC	7.50%	Record
	2000 Westchester Avenue
	Purchase, NY 10577-2539

	Pershing LLC	5.21%	Record
	1 Pershing Plz Fl 14
	Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002

Discovery Fund (Institutional Class)

	M Woodhouse	47.47%	Beneficial
	c/o Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC
	727 2nd Street #106,
	Hermosa Beach, California 90254

	Charles Schwab & Co. Inc	12.23%	Record
	211 Main Street
	San Francisco, CA 94105-1905

	National Financial Services LLC	9.61%	Record
	499 Washington Boulevard Floor 5
	Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010

	W Metcalfe	6.99%	Beneficial
	c/o Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC
	727 2nd Street #106,
	Hermosa Beach, California 90254

General Information. Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC (the “Adviser”), a registered investment adviser, is a Delaware limited liability company with its principal office located at 727 2nd Street #106, Hermosa Beach, California 90254. The Adviser supervises all aspects of the Funds’ operations and provides investment advice and portfolio management services to the Funds. Pursuant to the Funds’ Investment Advisory Agreements (the “Advisory Agreements”) and subject to the supervision of the Company’s Board, the Adviser makes each Fund’s day-to-day investment decisions, arranges for the execution of portfolio transactions and generally manages each Fund’s investments.

The Adviser provides persons satisfactory to the Board to serve as officers of the Company. Such officers, as well as certain other employees and Directors of the Company, may be directors, officers or employees of the Adviser or its affiliates. The Adviser may also provide the Funds with supervisory personnel who will be responsible for supervising the performance of administrative services, accounting and related services, net asset value and yield calculation, reports to and filings with regulatory authorities, and services relating to such functions. However, the Administrator will provide personnel who will be responsible for performing the operational components of such services. The personnel rendering such supervisory services may be employees of the Adviser, of its affiliates or of other organizations.

Adviser’s Fees. The Advisory Agreement with respect to a Fund will continue automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the Directors who are not parties to the Agreement or “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities.


Fund	Annual Advisory Fee	Net Management Fee Received (after waivers or recoupments) as of August 31, 2024
Internet Fund	1.25% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets up to $250 million, and 0.90% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets over $250 million.	1.25%
Small Cap Fund	0.80% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets up to $250 million, and 0.70% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets over $250 million.	0.00%
Discovery Fund	1.10% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets up to $250 million, and 0.80% of the Fund’s annual average daily net assets over $250 million.	0.45%

The Funds have, under the Advisory Agreements, confirmed their obligation for payment of all other expenses, including without limitation: (i) fees payable to the Adviser, Administrator, Custodian, Transfer Agent and Dividend Agent; (ii) brokerage and commission expenses; (iii) federal, state or local taxes; (iv) certain insurance premiums and membership fees and dues in investment company organizations; (v) interest charges on borrowings; (vii) legal and accounting expenses; (viii) costs of organizing and maintaining a Fund’s registration under federal and state laws; (ix) compensation, including Directors’ fees, of any Directors, officers or employees who are not also officers of the Adviser or its affiliates and costs of other personnel providing administrative and clerical services; (x) costs of

The Funds have adopted distribution and service plans, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Plans”). Rule 12b-1 provides that an investment company that bears any direct or indirect expense of distributing its shares must do so only in accordance with a plan permitted by the Rule. The Plans, together with related Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Agreements, provides for the Funds to make payments of up to 0.25% of the average annual net assets for distribution and shareholder servicing activities (for Investor Class shares only and including the fees payable under the Shareholder Servicing Agreement for the Internet Fund described below). Such payments are intended to reimburse the Distributor or others for, among other things: (a) expenses incurred by such parties in the promotion and distribution of the shares, including but not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, expenses of preparation and distribution of sales literature and related expenses, advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses, as well as any distribution fees paid to securities dealers or others; and (b) furnishing personal services and maintaining shareholder accounts, which services include, among other things, assisting in, establishing and maintaining customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in maintaining their respective customers; all such services being provided in connection with the Fund’s shares. The Distributor or the Adviser monitors and administers the documentation of payments made under the Plans and furnishes the Board of Directors, for their review and approval on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies paid under the Plans, as well as the purpose(s) for which such payments were made, as well as such other information as the Board may reasonably request in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether to approve such payments and whether a Plan should be continued for a Fund.

The Internet Fund has entered into a Shareholder Servicing Agreement with the Adviser, which is designed to compensate the Adviser for certain expenses and costs incurred in connection with providing shareholder servicing and maintaining shareholder accounts and to compensate parties with which it has written agreements and whose clients own shares of the Investor Class of the Internet Fund for providing servicing to their clients (“Shareholder Servicing”). These fees are subject to a maximum of 0.15% per annum of the Internet Fund’s average daily net assets. Rule 12b-1 fees are a portion of the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

The Funds sell and redeem their shares on a continuing basis at their net asset value. The Funds have also entered into a Distribution Agreement with Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), a federally registered broker dealer and a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Distributors, LLC. The Distributor will use reasonable efforts to facilitate sales of the Funds’ shares. The Distributor will assist with processing and analyzing sales literature and advertising for regulatory compliance. The Distribution Agreement provides for a total annual amount payable of 0.10 of 1% (ten basis points) of each Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Total Distribution Fee”). Out of the Total Distribution Fee, the Distributor is paid a fee of 0.01% of each Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Distribution Fee”) on an annual basis subject to an annual minimum of $15,000 plus out of pocket expenses. In addition, the Total Distribution Fee will be used for advertising compliance reviews, FINRA filings and licensing of Adviser’s staff. Finally, the Adviser may direct the Distributor to pay a portion of the Total Distribution Fee to third parties. Fees paid under the Plan may not be waived for individual shareholders.

The Adviser may make payments from time to time from its own resources which may include the advisory fee and past profits for the following purposes: (i) to defray the costs of and to compensate others, including financial intermediaries for performing shareholder servicing and related administrative functions on behalf of the Funds; (ii) to compensate certain financial intermediaries for providing assistance in distributing Fund shares; (iii) to pay the costs of printing and distributing the Funds’ Prospectus to prospective investors; and (iv) to defray the cost of the preparation and printing of brochures and other promotional materials, mailings to prospective shareholders, advertising, and other promotional activities, including the salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Funds’ shares. Further, the Shareholder Servicing Agreement for the Internet Fund provides that the Adviser may use its service fee for the purposes enumerated in (i) above. Also, any distribution fees payable under the Distribution Agreement may be used for purposes of (ii), (iii), or (iv) above. The Adviser, in its sole discretion, will determine the amount of such payments made pursuant to the Plan to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries, provided that such payments made pursuant to the Plan will not increase the amount which the Funds is required to pay for any fiscal year under the Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan.

Financial intermediaries may charge investors a fee in connection with their use of specialized purchase and redemption procedures offered to investors. In addition, financial intermediaries offering purchase and redemption procedures similar to those offered to shareholders who invest in the Funds directly may impose charges, limitations, minimums and restrictions in addition to or different from those applicable to shareholders who invest in the Funds directly. Accordingly, the net yield to investors who invest through financial intermediaries may be less than realized by investing in the Funds directly. An investor should read the Prospectus in conjunction with the materials provided by the shareholder servicing agent and broker-dealer describing the procedures under which Fund shares may be purchased and redeemed through the shareholder servicing agent and broker-dealer.

In accordance with Rule 12b-1, the Plans provide that all written agreements relating to the Plans entered into by the Company, the Distributor or the Adviser, and financial intermediaries, must be in a form satisfactory to the Funds’ Board. In addition, the Plans requires the Company and the Distributor to prepare, at least quarterly, written reports for the Board that set forth all amounts expended for distribution purposes by the Funds and the Distributor pursuant to the Plans and identify the distribution activities for which those expenditures were made.


Total payments pursuant to the Plans
	Internet Fund (for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024)	Small Cap Fund (for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024)	Discovery Fund (for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024)
Distribution Expenses
Advertising	$0	$0	$0
Printing and Mailing of Prospectuses to other than Current Shareholders	$2,875	$173	$622
Compensation to Distributors	$6,241	$946	$3,203
Compensation to Broker/Dealers1	$16,902	$16,467	$24,647
Compensation to Sales Personnel	$24,835	$0	$0
Interest or Other Finance Charges	$0	$0	$0
Other Fees (Website Expenses1)	$2,025	$305	$1,084
Total Distribution Expenses	$52,878	$17,891	$29,556

Shareholder Servicing Expenses
Advertising/Marketing	$0	$0	$0
Compensation to Distributor	$9,361	$0	$0
Compensation to Broker/Dealers1	$39,437	$0	$0
Compensation to Personnel	$18,623	$0	$0
Website Expenses1	$3,035	$0	$0
Total Shareholder Servicing Expenses	$70,456	$0	$0

Total Payments Pursuant to the Plan	$123,334	$17,891	$29,556
1 Expenses for the Website and Broker/Dealer payments are allocated to both Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Expenses for the Internet Fund.

Revenue Sharing. The Adviser may pay additional compensation, at its own expense and not as an expense of the Funds, to certain unaffiliated “financial advisers” such as brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators and other financial intermediaries that have a selling, servicing, administration or similar agreement with the Adviser. These payments may be for marketing, promotional or related services in connection with the sale or retention of Fund shares and/or for shareholder servicing. Such payments may also be paid to financial advisers for providing recordkeeping, sub-accounting, transaction processing and other shareholder or administrative services in connection with investments in the Funds. The existence or level of payments made to a qualifying financial adviser in any year would vary and may be substantial. Such payments would be based on factors that include differing levels of services provided by the financial adviser, the level of assets maintained in the financial adviser’s customer accounts, sales of new shares by the financial adviser, the placing of the Funds on a recommended or preferred list, providing the Funds with “shelf space” and/or a higher profile for the financial adviser’s consultants, sales personnel and customers, access to a financial adviser’s sales personnel and other factors. These payments to financial advisers would be in addition to the distribution and service fees and sales charges described in the Prospectus. Revenue sharing payments would be from the Adviser’s own profits and resources. Generally, the Adviser would pay such amounts when the selling and/or servicing fees required by financial advisers exceed the amount of 12b-1 fees that may be available from the Funds. Any such revenue sharing payments would not change the net asset value or the price of the Funds’ shares. To the extent permitted by SEC and FINRA rules and other applicable laws and regulations, the Adviser may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to financial advisers.

Revenue sharing payments may create a financial incentive for financial advisers and their sales personnel to highlight, feature or recommend funds based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid by such fund’s adviser or distributor. If one mutual fund sponsor or distributor makes greater payments for distribution assistance than sponsors or distributors of other mutual funds, a financial adviser and its salespersons may have a financial incentive to favor sales of shares of the higher paying mutual fund complex over another or over other investment options. You should consult with your financial adviser and review carefully any disclosures they provide regarding the potential conflicts of interest associated with the compensation it receives in connection with investment products it recommends or sells to you.

General Information. The Administrator and Fund Accountant for the Funds is U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (the “Administrator”), which has its principal office at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 and is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and stock transfer services to retail and institutional mutual funds. The Administrator performs these services pursuant to two separate agreements, a Fund Administration Servicing Agreement and a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement.

The Administration Agreement is terminable by the Board or the Administrator on sixty days’ written notice and may be assigned provided the non-assigning party provides prior written consent. The Administration Agreement shall remain in effect for five years from the date of its initial approval, and subject to annual approval of the Board for one-year periods thereafter. The Administration Agreement provides that in the absence of the Administrator’s refusal or willful failure to comply with the Agreement or bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Administrator, the Administrator shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides all administrative services, including, without limitation: (i) providing services of persons competent to perform such administrative and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Funds; (ii) overseeing the performance of administrative and professional services to the Funds by others, including the Funds’ Custodian; (iii) preparing, but not paying for, the periodic updating of the Funds’ Registration Statements, Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information in conjunction with Fund counsel, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, preparing the Funds’ tax returns, and preparing reports to the Funds’ shareholders and the SEC; (iv) calculation of yield and total return for the Funds; (v) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Funds (vi) preparing in conjunction with Fund counsel, but not paying for, all filings under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Distributor, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Funds and/or their shares under such laws; (vii) preparing notices and agendas for meetings of the Company’s Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by the 1940 Act to be acted upon by the Board; and (viii) monitoring periodic compliance with respect to all requirements and restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and the Prospectus.

Accounting Agreement. The Fund Accountant, pursuant to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (“Accounting Agreement”), provides the Funds with all accounting services, including, without limitation: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Fund’s listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; and (v) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Funds’ Custodian and Adviser.

U.S. Bank N.A., Custody Operations, 1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as custodian for the Funds’ assets. Pursuant to a Custodian Servicing Agreement with the Funds, it is responsible for maintaining the books and records of the Funds’ assets. The Custodian does not assist in, and is not responsible for, investment decisions involving assets of the Funds. U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, the Funds’ Administrator, also acts as the Fund’s transfer and dividend agent. U.S. Bank Global Fund Services has its principal office at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.

The Adviser makes the decisions to buy or sell securities in the Funds’ portfolio. In the over-the-counter market, where a majority of the portfolio securities are expected to be traded, orders are placed with responsible primary market-makers unless a more favorable execution or price is believed to be obtainable. Regarding exchange-traded securities, the Adviser determines the broker to be used in each specific transaction with the objective of obtaining a favorable commission rate and transaction price on each transaction (best execution). The Adviser will also consider the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer, the size of and difficulty in executing the order, the value of the expected contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Funds on a continuing basis, as well as other factors such as the broker-dealer’s ability to engage in transactions in securities of issuers which are thinly traded. The Adviser does not intend to employ a broker-dealer whose commission rates fall outside of the prevailing ranges of execution costs charged by other broker-dealers offering similar services.

When consistent with the objective of obtaining best execution, brokerage may be directed to persons or firms supplying investment information or research and brokerage services to the Adviser, or portfolio transactions may be effected by brokers or dealers affiliated with the Adviser or Distributor. To the extent that such persons or firms supply investment information or research and brokerage services to the Adviser, such information is supplied at no cost to the Adviser and, therefore, may have the effect of reducing the expenses of the Adviser in rendering advice to the Funds.

The investment information or research and brokerage services provided to the Adviser is of the type described in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is designed to augment the Adviser’s own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. Research services furnished by brokers through which a Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser in carrying out its investment management responsibilities with respect to all of its clients’ accounts. There may be occasions where the transaction cost charged by a broker may be greater than that which another broker may charge if the Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of such transaction cost is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker.

Investment decisions for the Funds will be made independently from those for any other investment companies or accounts that may become managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. If, however, the Funds and other investment companies or accounts managed by the Adviser are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the transactions will be averaged as to price and allocated equitably to each account. In some cases, this policy might adversely affect the price paid or received by the Funds or the size of the position obtainable for the Funds. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for the Funds and for other investment companies managed by the Adviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantage available to large denomination purchasers or sellers.

Each Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers and dealers” of the Company are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Company’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Company; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s Shares. As of August 31, 2024, the Funds did not own any securities of their regular brokers or dealers.

The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of twenty billion shares of stock having a par value of one-tenth of one cent ($.001) per share. The Board is authorized to divide the unissued shares into separate classes and series of stock, each series representing a separate, additional investment portfolio. Shares of any class or series will have identical voting rights, except where, by law, certain matters must be approved by a majority of the shares of the affected class or series. Each share of any class or series of shares when issued has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights within the class or series for which it was issued, and each fractional share has those rights in proportion to the percentage that the fractional share represents of a whole share. Shares will be voted in the aggregate.

As a general matter, the Funds will not hold annual or other meetings of the Funds’ shareholders. This is because the By-laws of the Company provide for annual meetings only (a) for the election of directors, (b) for approval of revisions to a Fund’s investment advisory agreement, (c) for approval of revisions to the Company’s distribution agreement with respect to a particular class or series of stock, and (d) upon the written request of holders of shares entitled to cast not less than twenty-five percent of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Annual and other meetings may be required with respect to such additional matters relating to a Fund as may be required by the 1940 Act including the removal of Company Directors and communication among shareholders, any registration of the Fund with the SEC or any state, or as the Directors may consider necessary or desirable. Each Director serves until the next meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of considering the election or reelection of such Director or of a successor to such Director, and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, elected at such meeting, or until such Director sooner dies, resigns, retires or is removed by the vote of the shareholders.

The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (sometimes referred to as a “regulated investment company,” “RIC” or “fund”) under Subchapter M of the Code. If the Fund so qualifies, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, generally, taxable interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains, and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes to shareholders.

•Income Requirement ⎯ the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”).

•Asset Diversification Test ⎯ the Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, in the securities of one or more QPTPs.

In some circumstances, the character and timing of income realized by the Fund for purposes of the Income Requirement or the identification of the issuer for purposes of the Asset Diversification Test is uncertain under current law with respect to a particular investment, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to such type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to satisfy these requirements. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions” below with respect to the application of these requirements to certain types of investments. In other circumstances, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio holdings in order to meet the Income Requirement, Distribution Requirement, or Asset Diversification Test, which may have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance.

capital gain to redemptions of Fund shares and will correspondingly reduce the amount of such income and gains that it distributes in cash. If the IRS determines that the Fund’s allocation is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax. If, as a result of such adjustment, the Fund fails to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, the Fund will not qualify that year as a regulated investment company the effect of which is described in the following paragraph.

If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the corporate income tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders, and the dividends would be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. Subject to savings provisions for certain failures to satisfy the Income Requirement or Asset Diversification Test, which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.

Portfolio Turnover. For investors that hold their Fund shares in a taxable account, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in higher taxes. This is because a fund with a high turnover rate is likely to accelerate the recognition of capital gains and more of such gains are likely to be taxable as short-term rather than long-term capital gains in contrast to a comparable fund with a low turnover rate. Any such higher taxes would reduce the Fund’s after-tax performance. See, “Taxation of Fund Distributions - Distributions of Capital Gains” below. For non-U.S. investors, any such acceleration of the recognition of capital gains that results in more short-term and less long-term capital gains being recognized by the Fund may cause such investors to be subject to increased U.S. withholding taxes. See, “Non-U.S. Investors – Capital Gain Dividends” and “– Interest-Related Dividends and Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends” below.

Capital Loss Carryovers. The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% “change in ownership” of the Fund. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or more of the Fund increase their aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate, thereby reducing the Fund’s ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to the Fund’s shareholders could result from an ownership change. The Fund undertakes no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and redemptions or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another fund. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond the Fund’s control, there can be no assurance that the Fund

will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change. Additionally, if the Fund engages in a tax-free reorganization with another fund, the effect of these and other rules not discussed herein may be to disallow or postpone the use by the Fund of its capital loss carryovers (including any current year losses and built-in losses when realized) to offset its own gains or those of the other fund, or vice versa, thereby reducing the tax benefits Fund shareholders would otherwise have enjoyed from use of such capital loss carryovers.

Deferral of Late Year Losses. The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year (see, “Taxation of Fund Distributions - Distributions of Capital Gains” below). A “qualified late year loss” includes:

The terms “specified losses” and “specified gains” mean ordinary losses and gains from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property), foreign currency losses and gains, and losses and gains resulting from holding stock in a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. The terms “ordinary losses” and “ordinary income” mean other ordinary losses and income that are not described in the preceding sentence.

Undistributed Capital Gains. The Fund may retain or distribute to shareholders its net capital gain for each taxable year. The Fund currently intends to distribute net capital gains. If the Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, the Fund will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the corporate income tax rate. If the Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, it is expected that the Fund also will elect to have shareholders treated as if each received a distribution of its pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, will receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by the Fund on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for its shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.

Federal Excise Tax. To avoid a 4% non-deductible excise tax, the Fund must distribute by December 31 of each year an amount equal to at least: (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (that is, the excess of the gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for the one-year period ended on October 31 of such calendar, and (3) any prior year undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income. The Fund may elect to defer to the following year any net ordinary loss incurred for the portion of the calendar year which is after the beginning of the Fund’s taxable year. Also, the Fund will defer any “specified gain” or “specified loss” which would be properly taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31. Any net ordinary loss, specified gain, or specified loss deferred shall be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. Generally, the Fund intends to make sufficient distributions prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid any material liability for federal income and excise tax, but can give no assurances that all or a portion of such liability will be avoided. In addition, under certain

Foreign Income Tax. Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income tax withheld at the source and the amount of tax withheld generally will be treated as an expense of the Fund. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries which entitle the Fund to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax on such income. Some countries require the filing of a tax reclaim or other forms to receive the benefit of the reduced tax rate; whether or when the Fund will receive the tax reclaim is within the control of the individual country. Information required on these forms may not be available such as shareholder information; therefore, the Fund may not receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries have conflicting and changing instructions and restrictive timing requirements which may cause the Fund not to receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries may subject capital gains realized by the Fund on sale or disposition of securities of that country to taxation. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Fund’s assets to be invested in various countries is not known. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to pass-through foreign taxes paid by the Fund to shareholders, although it reserves the right not to do so. If the Fund makes such an election and obtains a refund of foreign taxes paid by the Fund in a prior year, the Fund may be eligible to reduce the amount of foreign taxes reported by the Fund to its shareholders, generally by the amount of the foreign taxes refunded, for the year in which the refund is received.

Distributions of Net Investment Income. The Fund receives ordinary income generally in the form of dividends and/or interest on its investments. The Fund may also recognize ordinary income from other sources, including, but not limited to, certain gains on foreign currency-related transactions. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund’s net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, distributions of net investment income generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. In the case of a Fund whose strategy includes investing in stocks of corporations, a portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed to noncorporate taxpayers at reduced rates or for the dividends-received deduction available to corporations. See the discussion below under the headings, “⎯ Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals” and “⎯ Dividends-Received Deduction for Corporations.”

Distributions of Capital Gains. The Fund may derive capital gain and loss in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Distributions derived from the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions paid from the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your shares in the Fund. Any net short-term or long-term capital gain realized by the Fund (net of any capital loss carryovers) generally will be distributed once each year and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund.

Returns of Capital. Distributions by the Fund that are not paid from earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder’s tax basis in his shares; any excess will be treated as gain from the sale of his shares. Thus, the portion of a distribution that constitutes a return of capital will decrease the shareholder’s tax basis in his Fund shares (but not below zero), and will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on the later sale of such Fund shares. Return of capital distributions can occur for a number of reasons including, among others, the Fund over-estimates the income to be received from certain investments such as those classified as partnerships or equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) (see, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions ⎯ Investments in U.S. REITs” below).

Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals. Ordinary income dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals and other noncorporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. “Qualified dividend income” means dividends paid to the Fund (a) by domestic corporations, (b) by foreign corporations that are either (i) incorporated in a possession of the United States, or (ii) are eligible for benefits under certain income tax treaties with the United States that include an exchange of information program, or (c) with respect to stock of a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Both the Fund and the investor must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, investors must hold their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. Income derived from investments in derivatives, fixed-income securities, U.S. REITs, PFICs, and income received “in lieu of” dividends in a securities lending transaction generally is not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income. If the qualifying dividend income received by the Fund is equal to or greater than 95% of the Fund’s gross income (exclusive of net capital gain) in any taxable year, all of the ordinary income dividends paid by the Fund will be qualifying dividend income.

Dividends-Received Deduction for Corporations. For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the 50% corporate dividends-received deduction. The portion of dividends paid by the Fund that so qualifies will be reported by the Fund to shareholders each year and cannot exceed the gross amount of dividends received by the Fund from domestic (U.S.) corporations. The availability of the dividends-received deduction is subject to certain holding period and debt financing restrictions that apply to both the Fund and the investor. Specifically, the amount that the Fund may report as eligible for the dividends-received deduction will be reduced or eliminated if the shares on which the dividends earned by the Fund were debt-financed or held by the Fund for less than a minimum period of time, generally 46 days during a 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, if your Fund shares are debt-financed or held by you for less than a 46-day period then the dividends-received deduction for Fund dividends on your shares may also be reduced or eliminated. Income derived by the Fund from investments in derivatives, fixed-income and foreign securities generally is not eligible for this treatment.

Impact of Realized but Undistributed Income and Gains, and Net Unrealized Appreciation of Portfolio Securities. At the time of your purchase of shares (except in a money market fund that maintains a stable net asset value), the Fund’s net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities held by the Fund. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable, and would be taxed as ordinary income (some portion of which may be taxed as qualified dividend income), capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a

Pass-Through of Foreign Tax Credits. If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a fiscal year is invested in foreign securities, the Fund may elect to pass-through to you your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, the Fund may report more taxable income to you than it actually distributes. You will then be entitled either to deduct your share of these taxes in computing your taxable income, or to claim a foreign tax credit for these taxes against your U.S. federal income tax (subject to limitations for certain shareholders). The Fund will provide you with the information necessary to claim this deduction or credit on your personal income tax return if it makes this election. No deduction for foreign tax may be claimed by a noncorporate shareholder who does not itemize deductions or who is subject to the alternative minimum tax. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate shares of the foreign income tax paid by the Fund due to certain limitations that may apply. The Fund reserves the right not to pass-through to its shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. Additionally, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions – Securities Lending” below.

U.S. Government Securities. Income earned on certain U.S. government obligations is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. Income on investments by the Fund in certain other obligations, such as repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., GNMA or FNMA obligations), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.

Dividends Declared in October, November or December and Paid in January. Ordinarily, shareholders are required to take distributions by the Fund into account in the year in which the distributions are made. However, dividends declared in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month will be deemed to have been received by the shareholders (and made by the Fund) on December 31 of such calendar year if such dividends are actually paid in January of the following year. Shareholders will be advised annually as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year in accordance with the guidance that has been provided by the IRS.

Medicare Tax. A 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on net investment income earned by certain individuals, estates and trusts. “Net investment income,” for these purposes, means investment income, including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, reduced by the deductions properly allocable to such income. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (1) the shareholder’s net investment income or (2) the amount by which the shareholder’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case). This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

Sales, exchanges and redemptions (including redemptions in kind) of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you redeem your Fund shares, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your redemption. If you held your shares as a capital asset, the gain or loss that you realize will be a capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term, generally depending on how long you have held your shares. Any redemption fees you incur on shares redeemed will decrease the amount of any capital gain (or increase any capital loss) you realize on the sale. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a noncorporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income.

Tax Basis Information. The Fund is required to report to you and the IRS annually on Form 1099-B the cost basis of shares purchased or acquired on or after January 1, 2012 where the cost basis of the shares is known by the Fund (referred to as “covered shares”) and which are disposed of after that date. However, cost basis reporting is not required for certain shareholders, including shareholders investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, or shareholders investing in a money market fund that maintains a stable net asset value. When required to report cost basis, the Fund will calculate it using the Fund’s default method of average cost, unless you instruct the Fund in writing to use a different calculation method. In general, average cost is the total cost basis of all your shares in an account divided by the total number of shares in the account. To determine whether short-term or long-term capital gains taxes apply, the IRS presumes you redeem your oldest shares first.

The IRS permits the use of several methods to determine the cost basis of mutual fund shares. The method used will determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing share prices, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Fund does not recommend any particular method of determining cost basis, and the use of other methods may result in more favorable tax consequences for some shareholders. It is important that you consult with your tax advisor to determine which method is best for you and then notify the Fund in writing if you intend to utilize a method other than average cost for covered shares.

You may elect any of the available methods detailed above for your covered shares. If you do not notify the Fund in writing of your elected cost basis method upon the initial purchase into your account, the default method of average cost will be applied to your covered shares. The cost basis for covered shares will be calculated separately from any shares purchased prior to January 1, 2012 or shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 for which cost basis information is not known by the Fund (“noncovered shares”) you may own, unless you elect single account average cost. You may change from average cost to another cost basis method for covered shares at any time by notifying the Fund in writing, but only for shares acquired after the date of the change (the change is prospective). The basis of the shares that were averaged before the change will remain averaged after the date of the change.

The Fund may also provide Fund shareholders (but not the IRS) with information concerning the average cost basis of their noncovered shares in order to assist you with the calculation of gain or loss from a sale or redemption of noncovered shares. With the exception of the specific lot identification method, the Company first depletes noncovered shares with unknown cost basis in first in, first out order and then noncovered shares with known basis in first in, first out order before applying your elected method to your remaining covered shares. If you want to deplete your shares in a different order then you must elect specific lot identification and choose the lots you wish to deplete first. Shareholders that use the average cost method for noncovered shares must make the election to use the average cost method for these shares on their federal income tax returns in accordance with Treasury regulations. This election for noncovered shares cannot be made by notifying the Fund.

The Fund will compute and report the cost basis of your Fund shares sold or exchanged by taking into account all of the applicable adjustments to cost basis and holding periods as required by the Code and Treasury regulations for purposes of reporting these amounts to you and, in the case of covered shares, to the IRS. However, the Fund is not required to, and in many cases the Fund does not possess the information to, take all possible basis, holding period or other adjustments into account in reporting cost basis information to you. Therefore shareholders should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Fund, whether this information is provided pursuant to compliance with cost basis reporting requirements for shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, or is provided by the Fund as a service to shareholders for shares acquired prior to that date, and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required by the Code and Treasury regulations when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns. Shareholders remain solely responsible for complying with all federal income tax laws when filing their federal income tax returns.

Reportable Transactions. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities, investment techniques and transactions that may apply to a fund and, in turn, affect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the fund to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion above under “Descriptions of the Funds and Their Investment Strategies and Risks” for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to the Fund.

In General. In general, gain or loss recognized by a fund on the sale or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character, of certain gains or losses.

Certain Fixed-Income Investments. Gain recognized on the disposition of a debt obligation purchased by a fund at a market discount (generally, at a price less than its principal amount) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of the market discount which accrued during the period of time the fund held the debt obligation unless the fund made a current inclusion election to accrue market discount into income as it accrues. If a fund purchases a debt obligation (such as a zero coupon security or pay-in-kind security) that was originally issued at a discount, the fund generally is required to include in gross income each year the portion of the original issue discount which accrues during such year. Therefore, a fund’s investment in such securities may cause the fund to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on the securities. To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, a fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of fund shares.

Investments in Debt Obligations that are at Risk of or in Default Present Tax Issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent a fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when a fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent a fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how a fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a fund in order to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company.

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts, Swap Agreements and Hedging Transactions. In general, option premiums received by a fund are not immediately included in the income of the fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If an option written by a fund is exercised and the fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by

the fund minus (b) the fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by a fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of a fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a fund expires unexercised, the fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a fund as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by the fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) may be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, any section 1256 contracts held by a fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable. Section 1256 contracts do not include any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement.

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, a fund’s transactions in other derivative instruments (including options, forward contracts and swap agreements) as well as its other hedging, short sale, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including the constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the fund, defer losses to the fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Moreover, because the tax rules applicable to derivative instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

Certain of a fund’s investments in derivatives and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and the fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, may produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company. If a fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution of any such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including current earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income, reduced by related deductions), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

Foreign Currency Transactions. A fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease a fund’s ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the fund’s previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, a fund may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.

PFIC Investments. A fund may invest in securities of foreign companies that may be classified under the Code as PFICs. In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, a fund intends to mark-to-market these securities under certain provisions of the Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the fund’s fiscal and excise tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that a fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by a fund. Foreign companies are not required to identify themselves as PFICs. Due to various complexities in identifying PFICs, a fund can give no assurances that it will be able to identify portfolio securities in foreign corporations that are PFICs in time for the fund to make a mark-to-market election. If a fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on a fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

Investments in U.S. REITs. A U.S. REIT is not subject to federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to shareholders. Dividends paid by a U.S. REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the U.S. REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a U.S. REIT to a fund will be treated as long-term capital gains by the fund and, in turn, may be distributed by the fund to its shareholders as a capital gain distribution. Because of certain noncash expenses, such as property depreciation, an equity U.S. REIT’s cash flow may exceed its taxable income. The equity U.S. REIT, and in turn a fund, may distribute this excess cash to shareholders in the form of a return of capital distribution. However, if a U.S. REIT is operated in a manner that fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the U.S. REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the U.S. REIT would be subject to federal income tax at the corporate tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the U.S. REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Also, see, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions ⎯ Investment in Taxable Mortgage Pools (Excess Inclusion Income)” and “Non-U.S. Investors ⎯ Investment in U.S. Real Property” below with respect to certain other tax aspects of investing in U.S. REITs.

Investment in Non-U.S. REITs. While non-U.S. REITs often use complex acquisition structures that seek to minimize taxation in the source country, an investment by a fund in a non-U.S. REIT may subject the fund, directly or indirectly, to corporate taxes, withholding taxes, transfer taxes and other indirect taxes in the country in which the real estate acquired by the non-U.S. REIT is located. A fund’s pro rata share of any such taxes will reduce the fund’s return on its investment. A fund’s investment in a non-U.S. REIT

may be considered an investment in a PFIC, as discussed above in “PFIC Investments.” Additionally, foreign withholding taxes on distributions from the non-U.S. REIT may be reduced or eliminated under certain tax treaties, as discussed above in “Fund Taxation – Foreign Income Tax.” Also, a fund in certain limited circumstances may be required to file an income tax return in the source country and pay tax on any gain realized from its investment in the non-U.S. REIT under rules similar to those in the United States which tax foreign persons on gain realized from dispositions of interests in U.S. real estate.

Investment in Taxable Mortgage Pools (Excess Inclusion Income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of a fund’s income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) or equity interests in a “taxable mortgage pool” (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, 401(k) plans, Keogh plans or other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the corporate income tax rate. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that a fund will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.

Investments in Partnerships and QPTPs. For purposes of the Income Requirement, income derived by a fund from a partnership that is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the fund. While the rules are not entirely clear with respect to a fund investing in a partnership outside a master-feeder structure, for purposes of testing whether a fund satisfies the Asset Diversification Test, the fund generally is treated as owning a pro rata share of the underlying assets of a partnership. See, “Fund Taxation.” In contrast, different rules apply to a partnership that is a QPTP. A QPTP is a partnership (a) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market, (b) that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (c) that derives less than 90% of its income from sources that satisfy the Income Requirement (e.g., because it invests in commodities). All of the net income derived by a fund from an interest in a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income but the fund may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in one or more QPTPs. However, there can be no assurance that a partnership classified as a QPTP in one year will qualify as a QPTP in the next year. Any such failure to annually qualify as a QPTP might, in turn, cause a fund to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do

Securities Lending. While securities are loaned out by a fund, the fund generally will receive from the borrower amounts equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made “in lieu of” dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the 50% dividends-received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders. Additionally, in the case of a fund with a strategy of investing in tax-exempt securities, any payments made “in lieu of” tax-exempt interest will be considered taxable income to the fund, and thus, to the investors, even though such interest may be tax-exempt when paid to the borrower.

Investments in Convertible Securities. Convertible debt is ordinarily treated as a “single property” consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest. If the security is issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium unrelated to the conversion feature of the security over the life of the bond. If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt. The creditor-holder’s exercise of the conversion privilege is treated as a nontaxable event. Mandatory convertible debt (e.g., an exchange traded note or ETN issued in the form of an unsecured obligation that pays a return based on the performance of a specified market index, exchange currency, or commodity) is often, but not always, treated as a contract to buy or sell the reference property rather than debt. Similarly, convertible preferred stock with a mandatory conversion feature is ordinarily, but not always, treated as equity rather than debt. Dividends received generally are qualified dividend income and eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction. In general, conversion of preferred stock for common stock of the same corporation is tax-free. Conversion of preferred stock for cash is a taxable redemption. Any redemption premium for preferred stock that is redeemable by the issuing company might be required to be amortized under original issue discount principles.

Investments in Securities of Uncertain Tax Character. A fund may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by a fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the fund, requiring the fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

In General. The U.S. imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a withholding tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends, including on income dividends paid to you by the Fund, subject to certain exemptions described below. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares, will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

Interest-Related Dividends and Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends. Generally, dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as interest-related dividends and paid from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. “Qualified interest income” includes, in general, U.S. source (1) bank deposit interest, (2) short-term original discount, (3) interest (including original issue discount, market discount, or acquisition discount) on an obligation that is in registered form, unless it is earned on an obligation issued by a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is a 10-percent shareholder or is contingent interest, and (4) any interest-related dividend from another regulated investment company. Similarly, short-term capital gain dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as paid from its net short-term capital gains, other than short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see the discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you were a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year. The Fund reserves the right to not report interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund’s reporting of interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints.

Net Investment Income from Dividends on Stock and Foreign Source Interest Income Continue to be Subject to Withholding Tax; Foreign Tax Credits. Ordinary dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax. Foreign shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% on the income resulting from an election to pass through foreign tax credits to shareholders, but may not be able to claim a credit or deduction with respect to the withholding tax for the foreign tax treated as having been paid by them.

The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain when a RIC is classified as a qualified investment entity. A RIC will be classified as a qualified investment entity if, in general, 50% or more of the RIC’s assets consist of interests in U.S. REITs and other U.S. real property holding corporations (“USRPHC”). If a RIC is a qualified investment entity and the non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the FIRPTA distribution, the FIRPTA distribution to the non-U.S. shareholder is treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distribution to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the applicable corporate tax rate (unless reduced by future regulations), and requiring the non-US shareholder to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. In addition, even if the non-U.S. shareholder does not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, the FIRPTA distribution will be taxable as ordinary dividends (rather than as a capital gain or short-term capital gain dividend) subject to withholding at 30% or lower treaty rate.

U.S. Estate Tax. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a foreign shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. An individual who, at the time of death, is a non-U.S. shareholder will nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal estate tax with respect to Fund shares at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents, unless a treaty exemption applies. If a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nonetheless need to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption in order to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) as to which the U.S. federal estate tax lien has been released. In the absence of a treaty, there is a $13,000 statutory estate tax credit (equivalent to U.S. situs assets with a value of $60,000). For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000, the Fund may accept, in lieu of a transfer certificate, an affidavit from an appropriate individual evidencing that decedent’s U.S. situs assets are below this threshold amount.

U.S. Tax Certification Rules. Special U.S. tax certification requirements may apply to non-U.S. shareholders both to avoid U.S. backup withholding imposed at a rate of 24% and to obtain the benefits of any treaty between the United States and the shareholder’s country of residence. In general, if you are a non-U.S. shareholder, you must provide a Form W-8 BEN (or other applicable Form W-8) to establish that you are not a U.S. person, to claim that you are the beneficial owner of the income and, if applicable, to claim a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding as a resident of a country with which the U.S. has an income tax treaty. A Form W-8 BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number will remain in effect for a period beginning on the date signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless an earlier change of circumstances makes the information on the form incorrect. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). Under FATCA, a Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on income dividends made by the Fund to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions (“FFI”) or non-financial foreign entities (“NFFE”). After December 31, 2018, FATCA withholding also would have applied to certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares; however, based on proposed regulations issued by the IRS, which can be relied upon currently, such withholding is no longer required unless final regulations provide other (which is not expected). The FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it meets certification requirements described below. The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with a number of other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA; an entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding if it is deemed compliant or by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code (“FFI agreement”) under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and meet certain other specified requirements. The FFI will either report the specified information about the U.S. accounts to the IRS, or, to the government of the FFI’s country of residence (pursuant to the terms and conditions of applicable law and an applicable IGA entered into between the United States and the FFI’s country of residence), which will, in turn, report the specified information to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the United States to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of these requirements on their investment in the Fund. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation.

The foregoing general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Future legislative or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and any such changes or decisions may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein. Rules of state and local taxation of ordinary income, qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends may differ from the rules for U.S. federal income taxation described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in the Fund.

The Company has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). In order to ensure compliance with this law, the Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, delegating responsibilities to the Funds’ service providers who sell and process purchases of Fund shares and these service providers, in turn, report suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, check shareholder names against designated government lists, including Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”), and engage in a complete and thorough review of all new account applications. The Funds will not transact business with any person or legal entity opening a new account whose identity and beneficial owners, if applicable, cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

Each Fund may compare its investment performance to appropriate market and mutual fund indices and investments for which reliable performance data is available. Such indices are generally unmanaged and are prepared by entities and organizations that track the performance of investment companies or investment advisers. Unmanaged indices often do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs and expenses. The performance of the Funds may also be compared in publications to averages, performance rankings, or other information prepared by recognized mutual fund statistical services. Any performance information should be considered in light of each Fund’s investment objectives and policies, characteristics and the quality of the portfolio and market conditions during the time period indicated and should not be considered to be representative of what may be achieved in the future.

The audited financial statements and financial highlights report on Form N-CSR of the Funds for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which appear in the Funds’ report on Form N-C SR and the report thereon by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. No other parts of the report on Form N-CSR are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information and are not part of this Registration Statement. A copy of the Funds’ Annual, Semi-Annual Reports and report on Form N-CSR may be obtained upon request and without charge, on the Funds’ website www.jacobmutualfunds.com or by calling the Funds at the toll-free number listed on the cover page of this Statement of Additional Information. The Funds’ Annual Report to Shareholders and report on Form N-CSR were filed with the SEC on November 8, 2024.


I.	FUND HISTORY	1

II.	DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS AND THEIR INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS	1

III.	MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS	23

IV.	CODE OF ETHICS	28

V.	PROXY VOTING POLICIES	28

VI.	CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES	29

VII.	INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES	32

VIII.	PORTFOLIO MANAGERS	40

IX.	BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES	41

X.	CAPITAL STOCK	43

XI.	PURCHASE, REDEMPTION, EXCHANGE AND PRICING OF SHARES	43

XII.	TAXATION OF THE FUNDS	43

XIII.	ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM	60

XIV.	PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS	60

XV.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	61


	Expense Caps
Fund	Investor Class	Institutional Class
Internet Fund	2.95%	n/a
Small Cap Fund	2.25%	1.95%
Discovery Fund	2.30%	2.00%


Fiscal year ending August 31, 2024	Gross Advisory Fee	Expenses Waived or Reimbursed/(Recouped)	Net Advisory Fees Paid
Internet Fund	$609,229	$0	$609,229
Small Cap Fund	$56,241	$56,241	$0
Discovery Fund	$197,816	$117,505	$80,311


Fiscal year ending August 31, 2023	Gross Advisory Fee	Expenses Waived or Reimbursed/(Recouped)	Net Advisory Fees Paid
Internet Fund	$656,733	$0	$656,733
Small Cap Fund	$63,547	$63,547	$0
Discovery Fund	$311,099	$75,376	$235,723


Fiscal year ending August 31, 2022	Gross Advisory Fee	Expenses Waived or Reimbursed/(Recouped)	Net Advisory Fees Paid
Internet Fund	$1,408,148	$0	$1,408,148
Small Cap Fund	$119,783	$65,582	$54,201
Discovery Fund	$771,714	$0	$771,714


Fund	2024	2023
Internet Fund	42%	45%
Small Cap Fund	54%	64%
Discovery Fund	20%	16%


	Registered Investment Companies*		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles*		Other Accounts*
Name	Number of Accounts	Total Assets	Number of Accounts	Total Assets	Number of Accounts	Total Assets
Ryan I. Jacob	1	$2.3m	0	$0	0	$0
Darren Chervitz	1	$2.3m	0	$0	0	$0
Francis J. Alexander	0	$0	0	$0	0	$0


Portfolio Manager	Fund	Dollar Range of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned
Francis J. Alexander	Internet Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Small Cap Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Discovery Fund	$10,001-$50,000
Ryan I. Jacob	Internet Fund	$50,001-$100,000
	Small Cap Fund	$50,001-$100,000
	Discovery Fund	$10,001-$50,000
Darren Chervitz	Internet Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Small Cap Fund	$10,001-$50,000
	Discovery Fund	$50,001-$100,000