STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST
(the “Trust”)
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

April 30, 2024

Fund	TICKER
STATE STREET AGGREGATE BOND INDEX FUND
Class A	SSFCX
Class I	SSFDX
Class K	SSFEX
STATE STREET BALANCED INDEX FUND
Class K	SSBIX
STATE STREET EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY INDEX FUND
Class K	SSKEX
STATE STREET EQUITY 500 INDEX FUND
Administrative Shares	STFAX
Class R Shares	SSFRX
Service Shares	STBIX
Class A	SSSVX
Class I	SSSWX
Class K	SSSYX
STATE STREET GLOBAL ALL CAP EQUITY EX-U.S. INDEX FUND
Class A	SSGHX
Class I	SSGJX
Class K	SSGLX
STATE STREET HEDGED INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPED EQUITY INDEX FUND
Class K	SSHQX
STATE STREET INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPED EQUITY INDEX FUND
Class K	SSIWX
STATE STREET SMALL/MID CAP EQUITY INDEX FUND
Class A	SSMJX
Class I	SSMLX
Class K	SSMKX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2020 FUND
Class I	SSBNX
Class K	SSBOX
Class R3	SSADX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2025 FUND
Class I	SSBRX
Class K	SSBSX
Class R3	SSAHX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2030 FUND
Class I	SSBWX
Class K	SSBYX
Class R3	SSAJX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2035 FUND
Class I	SSCJX
Class K	SSCKX
Class R3	SSAZX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2040 FUND
Class I	SSCNX
Class K	SSCQX

Fund	TICKER
Class R3	SSAKX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2045 FUND
Class I	SSDDX
Class K	SSDEX
Class R3	SSAOX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2050 FUND
Class I	SSDJX
Class K	SSDLX
Class R3	SSAUX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2055 FUND
Class I	SSDOX
Class K	SSDQX
Class R3	SSAWX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2060 FUND
Class I	SSDWX
Class K	SSDYX
Class R3	SSAYX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT 2065 FUND
Class I	SSFJX
Class K	SSFKX
Class R3	SSFPX
STATE STREET TARGET RETIREMENT FUND
Class I	SSFNX
Class K	SSFOX
Class R3	SSFQX

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates to the prospectuses dated April 30, 2024, as may be revised and/or supplemented from time to time thereafter for each of the Funds listed above (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”).

The SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectuses. A copy of each Prospectus can be obtained free of charge by calling (800) 647-7327 or by written request to the Trust at the address listed above.

The Trust's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including the independent registered public accounting firm reports thereon, are included in the Trust's annual reports and are incorporated into this SAI by reference. Copies of the Trust's annual reports and semiannual reports are available, without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 647-7327 or by written request to the Trust at the address above.

General

The Trust was organized as a business trust under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts on February 16, 2000.

The Trust is an open-end management investment company. The Trust includes the following diversified series:

•State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund (the “Aggregate Bond Index Fund”);

•State Street Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio (the “Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio”);

•State Street Balanced Index Fund;

•State Street Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund (the “Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund”);

•State Street Equity 500 Index Fund (the “Equity 500 Index Fund”);

•State Street Equity 500 Index II Portfolio (the “Equity 500 Index II Portfolio”);

•State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund (the “Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund”);

•State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Portfolio (the “Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Portfolio”);

•State Street Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund (the “Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund”);

•State Street Income Fund;

•State Street International Developed Equity Index Fund (the “International Developed Equity Index Fund”);

•State Street Institutional Liquid Reserves Fund;

•State Street Institutional Treasury Money Market Fund;

•State Street Institutional Treasury Plus Money Market Fund;

•State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund;

•State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund (the “Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund”);

•State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Portfolio (the “Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Portfolio”);

•State Street Target Retirement Fund (the “Retirement Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2020 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2025 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2030 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2035 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2040 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2045 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2050 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2055 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2060 Fund”);

•State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund (the “Target Retirement 2065 Fund”);

•State Street Treasury Obligations Money Market Fund;

•State Street U.S. Core Equity Fund.

The Aggregate Bond Index Fund, the Balanced Index Fund, the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, the Equity 500 Index Fund, the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund, the International Developed Equity Index Fund, the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund, the Retirement Fund, the Target Retirement 2020 Fund, the Target Retirement 2025 Fund, the Target Retirement 2030 Fund, the Target Retirement 2035 Fund, the Target Retirement 2040 Fund, the Target Retirement 2045 Fund, the Target Retirement 2050 Fund, the Target Retirement 2055 Fund, the Target Retirement 2060 Fund, and the Target Retirement 2065 Fund are referred to in this SAI as the “Funds,” and each Fund may be referred to in context as the “Fund.”

The Aggregate Bond Index Fund, the Balanced Index Fund, the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, the Equity 500 Index Fund, the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund, the International Developed Equity Index Fund and the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund are referred to in this SAI as the “Index Funds.” The Retirement Fund, Target Retirement 2020 Fund, Target Retirement 2025 Fund, Target Retirement 2030 Fund, Target Retirement 2035 Fund, Target Retirement 2040 Fund, Target Retirement 2045 Fund, Target Retirement 2050 Fund, Target Retirement 2055 Fund, Target Retirement 2060 Fund and Target Retirement 2065 Fund are referred to collectively in this SAI as the “Target Retirement Funds.”

Each Fund listed below as a feeder fund (each a “Feeder Fund” and collectively the “Feeder Funds”) seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing substantially all of its investable assets in a corresponding master portfolio in the Trust or, as indicated below, the State Street Master Funds that has substantially similar investment strategies to those of the Feeder Fund. The table below shows the respective Portfolio in which each Feeder Fund invests. All Portfolios together are referred to in this SAI as the “Portfolios” and each Portfolio may be referred to in context as the “Portfolio” as appropriate.

Feeder Fund	Master Portfolio
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio
Equity 500 Index Fund	Equity 500 Index II Portfolio
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Portfolio
International Developed Equity Index Fund	State Street International Developed Equity Index Portfolio (“International Developed Equity Index Portfolio”)*
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Portfolio

This Portfolio is in the State Street Master Funds.

The Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund seeks to gain its investment exposure to the constituents of the MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, Far East) 100% Hedged to USD Index by investing in the International Developed Equity Index Portfolio. In managing its portfolio of investments, the Portfolio may purchase various securities and investment related instruments and make use of various investment techniques, including, but not limited to, those described below.

Effective October 9, 2019, the State Street Global Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund changed its name to State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund.

Description of the Funds and Their Investments and Risks

Each Fund's Prospectus contains information about the investment objective and policies of that Fund. This SAI should only be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Fund or Funds in which you intend to invest.

In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Funds described in each Fund's Prospectus, a Fund may employ other investment practices and may be subject to additional risks, which are described below. In reviewing these practices of the Feeder Funds, you should assume that the practices of the corresponding Portfolio are the same in all material respects.

Each Target Retirement Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a combination of domestic and international mutual funds and exchange-traded funds sponsored by SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (the “Adviser” or “SSGA FM”) or its affiliates (“Underlying Funds”) using an asset allocation strategy. In managing their portfolios of investments, the Underlying Funds may purchase various securities and investment related instruments and make use of various investment techniques, including, but not limited to, those described below. Except as otherwise stated, references in this section to “the Funds,” “each Fund,” or “a Fund” may, as applicable, refer to the Funds, one or more Underlying Funds, or more than one of the foregoing.

Additional Information Concerning the MSCI All Country World Index ex USA Investable Market Index (the “MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index” or sometimes referred to in context as the “Index”)

The Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Morgan Stanley Capital International Inc. (“MSCI”). MSCI makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund particularly or the ability of the MSCI Index to track general performance. MSCI's only relationship to the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund is the licensing of certain trademarks and trade names of MSCI and of the MSCI Index, which is determined, composed and calculated by MSCI without regard to the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund. MSCI has no obligation to take the needs of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund or the owners of shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the MSCI Index. MSCI is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the price and number of shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund or the timing of the issuance or sale of shares of Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, or calculation of the equation by which shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund are redeemable for cash. MSCI has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund.

MSCI does not guarantee the accuracy or the completeness of the MSCI Index or any data included therein and MSCI shall have no liability for any errors, omissions or interruptions therein. MSCI makes no warranty, express or implied, as to results to be obtained by the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, owners of shares of the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund or any other person or entity from the use of the MSCI Index or any data included therein. MSCI makes no express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the MSCI Index or any data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall MSCI have any liability for any special, punitive, indirect or consequential damages (including lost profits), even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

Additional Investments and Risks

To the extent consistent with its investment objective and restrictions, each Fund or Portfolio may invest in the following instruments and use the following techniques, and is subject to the following additional risks.

Bonds

The Funds may invest a portion of their assets in bonds. A bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a company, governmental unit or, in some cases, a non-U.S. entity. The issuer of a bond has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond's face value) periodically or on a specified maturity date; provided, however, a zero-coupon bond pays no interest to its holder during its life. The value of a zero-coupon bond to a Fund consists of the difference between such bond's face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which may be an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a “deep discount” price).

An issuer may have the right to redeem or “call” a bond before maturity, in which case the investor may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower market rates. Most bonds bear interest income at a “coupon” rate that is fixed for the life of the bond. The value of a fixed rate bond usually rises when market interest rates fall, and falls when market interest rates rise. Accordingly, a fixed rate bond's yield (income as a percent of the bond's current value) may differ from its coupon rate as its value rises or falls. Fixed rate bonds generally are also subject to inflation risk, which is the risk that the value of the bond or income from the bond will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. This could mean that, as inflation increases, the “real” value of the assets of a Fund holding fixed rate bonds can decline, as can the value of the Fund's distributions. Other types of bonds bear income at an interest rate that is adjusted periodically. Because of their adjustable interest rates, the value of “floating-rate” or “variable-rate” bonds fluctuates much less in response to market interest rate movements than the value of fixed rate bonds. A Fund may treat some of these bonds as having a shorter maturity for purposes of calculating the weighted average maturity of its investment portfolio. Bonds may be senior or subordinated obligations. Senior obligations generally have the first claim on a corporation's earnings and assets and, in the event of liquidation, are paid before subordinated obligations. Bonds may be unsecured (backed only by the issuer's general creditworthiness) or secured (also backed by specified collateral). The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest on the bond and changes in the market value of the bond. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation's performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by such a security.

Cash Reserves

Each Fund may hold portions of its assets in cash or short-term debt instruments with remaining maturities of 397 days or less pending investment or to meet anticipated redemptions and day-to-day operating expenses. Short-term debt instruments consist of: (i) short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities, authorities or political subdivisions; (ii) other short-term debt securities rated at the time of purchase Aa or higher by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody's”) or AA or higher by S&P or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of SSGA FM; (iii) commercial paper; (iv) bank obligations, including negotiable certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers' acceptances; and (v) repurchase agreements.

Cleared Derivatives Transactions

Transactions in some types of swaps are required to be centrally cleared by applicable rules and regulations and a Fund may also voluntarily centrally clear other transactions that are available for clearing. In a cleared derivatives transaction, a Fund's counterparty to the transaction is a central derivatives clearing organization, or clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Because the Funds are not members of a clearing house, and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Funds hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, a Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients' obligations to the clearing house. Centrally cleared derivatives arrangements may be less favorable to a Fund than bilateral (non-cleared) arrangements. For example, a Fund may be required to provide greater amounts of margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, in some cases following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate transactions at any time. A Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or which the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on a Fund's behalf. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and a Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between a Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to a Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Fund's clearing member. Also, such documentation typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent.

Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives has been and will continue to be affected by rules and regulations relating to the derivatives market. With respect to a centrally cleared transaction, a party is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position. Credit risk of market participants with respect to centrally cleared derivatives is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by contract and regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives positions from the clearing member's proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from its customers with respect to cleared derivatives are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in an omnibus account (which can be invested in instruments permitted under the regulations). Therefore, a Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund's clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers, with a claim against the clearing member for any deficiency. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives, which amount is generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not accurately report the Fund's initial margin, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the assets attributable to it in the clearing house's omnibus account to satisfy payment obligations a defaulting customer of the clearing member has to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers, rather than individually for each customer. A Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that the Fund will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the

clearing house will move the Fund's cleared derivatives positions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Fund, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.

Russia Sanctions Risk

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, various countries, including the U.S. and the U.K., as well as the E.U., issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia. The U.S. and other countries have also imposed economic sanctions on Belarus and may impose sanctions on other countries that support Russia's invasion. A large number of corporations and U.S. states have also announced plans to divest interests or otherwise curtail business dealings with certain Russian businesses. These sanctions and any additional sanctions or other intergovernmental actions that have been or may be undertaken in the future, against Russia, Russian entities or Russian individuals, or other countries that support Russia's military invasion, may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country's credit rating, an immediate freeze of Russian assets, a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests, and/or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy or a Fund. The scope and scale of sanctions in place at a particular time may be expanded or otherwise modified in a way that have negative effects on a Fund. Sanctions, or the threat of new or modified sanctions, could impair the ability of a Fund to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver or otherwise transact in certain affected securities or other investment instruments. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or other actions in response (including cyberattacks and espionage), which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of a Fund, even if a Fund does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers. As a collective result of the imposition of sanctions, Russian government countermeasures and the impact that they have had on the trading markets for Russian securities, certain Funds have used, and may in the future use, fair valuation procedures approved by the Fund's Board to value certain Russian securities, which could result in such securities being deemed to have a zero value.

Swap Execution Facilities

Certain derivatives contracts are required to be executed through swap execution facilities (“SEFs”). A SEF is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. Such requirements may make it more difficult and costly for investment funds, such as a Fund, to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions. Trading swaps on a SEF may offer certain advantages over traditional bilateral over-the-counter trading, such as ease of execution, price transparency, increased liquidity and/or favorable pricing. Execution through a SEF is not, however, without additional costs and risks, as parties are required to comply with SEF and CFTC rules and regulations, including disclosure and recordkeeping obligations, and SEF rights of inspection, among others. SEFs typically charge fees, and if a Fund executes derivatives on a SEF through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. A Fund also may be required to indemnify a SEF, or a broker intermediary who executes swaps on a SEF on the Fund's behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund's transactions on the SEF. In addition, a Fund may be subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared, and no clearing member is willing to clear the transaction on the Fund's behalf. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the trade.

Risks Associated with Derivatives Regulation

The U.S. government has enacted and is continuing to implement legislation that provides for regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (“E.U.”), the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”) and some other countries have also adopted and are continuing to implement similar requirements, which will affect a Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country's derivatives regulations. Such rules and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, restrict a Fund's ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. While the rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Funds to new kinds of costs and risks.

For example, in the event of a counterparty's (or its affiliate's) insolvency, a Fund's ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the E.U., the U.K. and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the E.U. and the U.K. the liabilities of such counterparties to the Funds could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act providing for the regulation of registered investment companies' use of derivatives and certain related instruments. The rule, among other things, limits derivatives exposure through one of two value-at-risk tests and eliminates the asset segregation framework for covering derivatives and certain financial instruments arising from the SEC's Release 10666 and ensuing staff guidance. The rule also requires funds to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program (including the appointment of a derivatives risk manager and the implementation of certain testing requirements) and subjects funds to certain reporting requirements in respect of derivatives. Limited derivatives users (as determined by Rule 18f-4) are not, however, subject to the full requirements under the rule.

Additionally, U.S. regulators, the E.U., the U.K. and certain other jurisdictions have adopted minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared derivatives transactions. These rules impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between a Fund and its counterparties and may increase the amount of margin a Fund is required to provide. They impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring margin and the types of collateral that parties are permitted to exchange.

Since 2021, the SEC has proposed and, in some cases, finalized several new rules regarding a wide range of topics related to the Fund. For example, the SEC has proposed new rules requiring the reporting and public disclosure of a manager's positions in security-based swaps, including CDS, equity total return swaps and related positions. The SEC has also finalized new rules restricting activities that could be considered to be manipulative in connection with security-based swaps, new rules requiring managers to file monthly confidential reports with the SEC regarding equity short sales and related activity, new rules regarding regulatory and public reporting of certain securities lending transactions, and new rules requiring the central clearing of certain cash and repurchase transactions involving U.S. Treasuries. These and other proposed new rules, whether assessed on an individual or collective basis, could fundamentally change the current regulatory framework for relevant markets and market participants, including having a material impact on activities of investment managers and their funds. While it is currently difficult to predict the full impact of these new rules, these rules could make it more difficult for the Fund to execute certain investment strategies and may have an adverse effect on the Fund's ability to generate returns.

These and other regulations are relatively new and evolving, so their full impact on the Funds and the financial system are not yet known.

Commodities

General. The Funds may invest in commodities. There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts, swaps on commodity futures contracts, commodity forward contracts and other commodities instruments. In the commodity instruments markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling commodity instruments today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same commodity instrument, the commodity producer generally must sell the commodity instrument at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the commodity instruments market are purchasing commodity instruments to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the commodity instrument at a higher future price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Funds. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in commodity instruments markets has shifted when it is time for a Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new commodity instrument, the Fund might reinvest at a higher or lower future price, or choose to pursue other investments. The commodities which underlie commodity instruments may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, war and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other

materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks. which subject a Fund's investments to greater volatility than other investments. Also, unlike the financial instruments markets, in the commodity instruments markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity instruments contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while a Fund is invested in instruments on that commodity, the value of the commodity instrument may change proportionately.

Commodity-Linked Investments. The Funds may invest in commodity-linked investments. The Funds may seek to provide exposure to the investment returns of real assets that trade in the commodity markets through commodity-linked derivatives securities, such as structured notes, discussed below, which are designed to provide this exposure without direct investment in physical commodities or commodities futures contracts. Real assets are assets such as oil, gas, industrial and precious metals, livestock, and agricultural or meat products, or other items that have tangible properties, as compared to stocks or bonds, which are financial instruments. In choosing investments, the Adviser seeks to provide exposure to various commodities and commodity sectors. The value of commodity-linked derivatives securities held by a Fund may be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of particular industries or commodities, such as weather, disease, embargoes, acts of war or terrorism, or political and regulatory developments.

The prices of commodity-linked derivatives securities may move in different directions than investments in traditional equity and debt securities when the value of those traditional securities is declining due to adverse economic conditions. As an example, during periods of rising inflation, debt securities have historically tended to decline in value due to the general increase in prevailing interest rates. Conversely, during those same periods of rising inflation, the prices of certain commodities, such as oil and metals, have historically tended to increase. Of course, there cannot be any guarantee that these investments will perform in that manner in the future, and at certain times the price movements of commodity-linked instruments have been parallel to those of debt and equity securities. Commodities have historically tended to increase and decrease in value during different parts of the business cycle than financial assets. Nevertheless, at various times, commodities prices may move in tandem with the prices of financial assets and thus may not provide overall portfolio diversification benefits. Under favorable economic conditions, a Fund's investments may be expected to underperform an investment in traditional securities. Over the long term, the returns on the Fund's investments are expected to exhibit low or negative correlation with stocks and bonds.

Because commodity-linked investments are available from a relatively small number of issuers, a Fund's investments will be particularly subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the issuer of the commodity-linked derivatives (which issuer may also serve as counterparty to a substantial number of the Fund's commodity-linked and other derivatives investments) will not fulfill its contractual obligations.

A Fund's ability to invest in commodity-linked investments may be limited by the Fund's intention to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) and could bear on the ability of a Fund to so qualify. See “Taxation of the Funds” below.

Credit Default Swaps and Total Return Swaps

The Funds may enter into credit default swaps or total return swaps to gain market exposure, manage liquidity, increase total returns or for hedging purposes. Credit default swaps and total return swaps are typically governed by the standard terms and conditions of an ISDA Master Agreement.

A credit default swap involves a protection buyer and a protection seller. The Funds may be either a protection buyer or seller. The protection buyer in a credit default swap makes periodic premium payments to the protection seller during the swap term in exchange for the protection seller agreeing to make certain defined payments to the protection buyer in the event certain defined credit events occur with respect to a particular security, issuer or basket of securities. A total return swap involves a total return receiver and a total return payor. The Funds may either be a total return receiver or payor. Generally, the total return payor sells to the total return receiver an amount equal to all cash flows and price appreciation on a defined security or asset payable at periodic times during the swap term (i.e., credit risk) in return for a periodic payment from the total return receiver based on a designated interest rate and spread plus the amount of any price depreciation on the reference security or asset. The total return payor does not need to own the underlying security or asset to enter into a total return swap. The final payment at the end of the swap term includes final settlement of the current market price of the underlying reference security or asset, and payment by the applicable party for any appreciation or depreciation in value. Usually, collateral must be posted by the total return receiver to secure the periodic

interest-based and market price depreciation payments depending on the credit quality of the underlying reference security and creditworthiness of the total return receiver, and the collateral amount is marked-to-market daily equal to the market price of the underlying reference security or asset between periodic payment dates.

In both credit default swaps and total return swaps, the same general risks inherent to derivatives transactions are present; however, the use of credit default swaps and total return swaps can involve greater risks than if the Funds had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps and total return swaps are subject to counterparty credit risk, leverage risk, hedging risk, correlation risk and liquidity risk. The Funds will enter into credit default swap or a total return swap only with counterparties that the Adviser determines to meet certain standards of creditworthiness. In a credit default swap, a buyer generally also will lose its premium and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. A Fund's obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund).

Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with the ownership of stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a swap agreement requires an understanding not only of the referenced obligation, reference rate, or index, but also of the swap agreement itself. Because some swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.

Custodial Risk

There are risks involved in dealing with the custodians or brokers who hold a Fund's investments or settle a Fund's trades. It is possible that, in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of a custodian or broker, a Fund would be delayed or prevented from recovering its assets from the custodian or broker, or its estate, and may have only a general unsecured claim against the custodian or broker for those assets. In recent insolvencies of brokers or other financial institutions, the ability of certain customers to recover their assets from the insolvent's estate has been delayed, limited, or prevented, often unpredictably, and there is no assurance that any assets held by a Fund with a custodian or broker will be readily recoverable by the Fund. In addition, there may be limited recourse against non-U.S. sub-custodians in those situations in which a Fund invests in markets where custodial and/or settlement systems and regulations are not fully developed, including emerging markets, and the assets of the Fund have been entrusted to such sub-custodians. SSGA FM or an affiliate may serve as the custodian of the Funds.

Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (“ECDs”), Eurodollar Time Deposits (“ETDs”) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (“YCDs”)

The Funds may invest in ECDs, ETDs and YCDs. ECDs and ETDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits, respectively, issued by non-U.S. branches of domestic banks and non-U.S. banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of non-U.S. banks.

Different risks than those associated with the obligations of domestic banks may exist for ECDs, ETDs and YCDs because the banks issuing these instruments, or their domestic or non-U.S. branches, are not necessarily subject to the same regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as loan limitations, examinations and reserve, accounting, auditing, recordkeeping and public reporting requirements. Obligations of non-U.S. issuers also involve risks such as future unfavorable political and economic developments, withholding or other taxes, seizures of non-U.S. deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, and other governmental restrictions that might affect repayment of principal or payment of interest, or the ability to honor a credit commitment.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Foreign Currency Derivatives

The Funds may enter into a variety of different foreign currency transactions, including, by way of example, currency forward transactions, spot transactions, futures and forward contracts, swaps, or options. Most of these transactions are entered into “over the counter,” and a Fund assumes the risk that the counterparty may be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations, in addition to the risk of unfavorable or unanticipated changes in the values of the currencies underlying the transactions. Certain types of over-the-counter currency transactions may be uncollateralized, and a Fund may not be able to recover all or any of the assets owed to it under such transactions if its counterparty should default. In some markets or in respect of certain currencies, a Fund may be required, or agree, in SSGA FM's discretion, to enter into foreign currency transactions via the custodian's relevant sub-custodian. SSGA FM may be subject to a conflict of interest

in agreeing to any such arrangements on behalf of a Fund. Such transactions executed directly with the sub-custodian are executed at a rate determined solely by such sub-custodian. Accordingly, a Fund may not receive the best pricing of such currency transactions. Regulatory changes in a number of jurisdictions may require that certain currency transactions be subject to central clearing, or be subject to new or increased collateral requirements. These changes could increase the costs of currency transactions to a Fund and may make certain transactions unavailable; they may also increase the credit risk of such transactions to a Fund.

Foreign Securities

The Funds are permitted to invest in foreign securities. Foreign securities include securities of foreign companies and foreign governments (or agencies or subdivisions thereof). If a Fund's securities are held abroad, the countries in which such securities may be held and the sub-custodian holding them must be approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board of Trustees” or the “Board”) or its delegate under applicable rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In buying foreign securities, the Fund may convert U.S. dollars into foreign currency, but only to effect securities transactions on foreign securities exchanges and not to hold such currency as an investment.

The globalization and integration of the world economic system and related financial markets have made it increasingly difficult to define issuers geographically. Accordingly, each Fund intends to construe geographic terms such as “foreign,” “non-U.S.” “European,” “Latin American,” and “Asian,” in the manner that affords to the Fund the greatest flexibility in seeking to achieve its investment objective(s). Specifically, in circumstances where the investment objective and/or strategy is to invest at least some percentage of the Fund's assets in foreign securities, etc., the Funds will take the view that a security meets this description so long as the issuer of a security is tied economically to the particular country or geographic region indicated by words of the relevant investment objective and/or strategy (the “Relevant Language”). For these purposes the issuer of a security is deemed to have that tie if:

(i)

The issuer is organized under the laws of the country or a country within the geographic region suggested by the Relevant Language or maintains its principal place of business in that country or region; or

(ii)

The securities are traded principally in the country or region suggested by the Relevant Language; or

(iii)

The issuer, during its most recent fiscal year, derived at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed in the country or region suggested by the Relevant Language or has at least 50% of its assets in that country or region.

In addition, the Funds intend to treat derivatives securities (e.g., call options) by reference to the underlying security. Conversely, if the investment objective and/or strategy of the Fund limits the percentage of assets that may be invested in “foreign securities,” etc. or prohibits such investments altogether, the Funds intend to categorize securities as “foreign,” etc. only if the security possesses all of the attributes described above in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).

Investments in foreign securities involve special risks and considerations. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic companies and such practices and standards may vary significantly from country to country. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a domestic company. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which regulates auditors of U.S. public companies, is unable to inspect audit work papers in certain foreign countries. Investors in foreign countries often have limited rights and few practical remedies to pursue shareholder claims, including class actions or fraud claims, and the ability of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice and other authorities to bring and enforce actions against foreign issuers or foreign persons is limited. Foreign markets have different clearance and settlement procedures. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of a Fund are uninvested. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause it to miss certain investment opportunities. They may also entail certain other risks, such as the possibility of one or more of the following: imposition of dividend or interest withholding or other taxes (in each case, which taxes could potentially be confiscatory), higher brokerage costs, thinner trading markets, currency blockages or transfer restrictions, expropriation, nationalization, military coups or other adverse political or economic developments; less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies; and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. Purchases of foreign securities are usually made in foreign currencies and, as a result, a Fund may incur currency conversion costs and may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar. Further, it may be more difficult for a Fund's agents to keep currently informed about corporate actions, which may affect the prices of portfolio securities. Communications between the United States and foreign countries may be less reliable than within the United States, thus

increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery. A Fund's ability and decisions to purchase and sell portfolio securities may be affected by laws or regulations relating to the convertibility of currencies and repatriation of assets.

A number of current significant political, demographic and economic developments may affect investments in foreign securities and in securities of companies with operations overseas. Such developments include dramatic political changes in government and economic policies in several Eastern European countries and the republics composing the former Soviet Union, as well as the unification of the European Economic Community. The course of any one or more of these events and the effect on trade barriers, competition and markets for consumer goods and services are uncertain. Similar considerations are of concern with respect to developing countries. For example, the possibility of revolution and the dependence on foreign economic assistance may be greater in these countries than in developed countries. Management seeks to mitigate the risks associated with these considerations through diversification and active professional management.

Forward Commitments

Each Fund may invest in forward commitments. Each Fund may contract to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time consistent with the Fund's ability to manage its investment portfolio and meet redemption requests. A Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if it is appropriate to do so and realize short-term profits or losses upon such sale. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures

Each Fund may enter into futures contracts on securities in which it may invest or on indices comprised of such securities and may purchase and write call and put options on such contracts.

Futures contracts. A financial futures contract is a contract to buy or sell a specified quantity of financial instruments such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell specified units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The value of a unit is based on the current value of the index. Under such contracts no delivery of the actual securities making up the index takes place. Rather, upon expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of the index at expiration, net of variation margin previously paid. Futures contracts are traded in the United States only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade — known as “contract markets” — approved for such trading by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market.

Although many futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery, but rather by entering into an offsetting contract (a “closing transaction”). Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund is required to deposit initial margin with the futures broker. The initial margin serves as a “good faith” deposit that a Fund will honor its potential future commitments. Subsequent payments (called “variation margin” or “maintenance margin”) to and from the broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or commodity fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” If a Fund is unable to enter into a closing transaction, the amount of the Fund's potential loss may be unlimited. Futures contracts also involve brokerage costs.

Each Fund will not commit more than 5% of the market value of its total assets to initial margin deposits on futures and premiums paid for options on futures.

Registration under the Commodity Exchange Act. The Funds are operated by the Adviser, which has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Funds, under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. As a result, the Funds are limited in their ability to trade instruments subject to the CFTC's jurisdiction, including commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes, interest rate futures and currency futures), options on commodity futures, certain swaps or other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles).

Under this exclusion, a Fund must satisfy one of the following two trading limitations whenever it enters into a new commodity trading position: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Fund's positions in CFTC-regulated instruments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund's portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Fund's portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). A Fund would not be required to consider its exposure to such instruments if they were held for “bona fide hedging” purposes, as such term is defined in the rules of the CFTC. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the markets for CFTC-regulated instruments.

Options on futures contracts. In return for the premium paid, options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option. Options on futures are similar to options on securities except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to its expiration date, the settlement will be made entirely in cash. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the expiration date suffer a loss of the premium paid.

As with options on securities, the holder or writer of an option may terminate his position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.

A Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers' requirements similar to those described above in connection with the discussion of futures contracts.

Risks of transactions in futures contracts and related options. Successful use of futures contracts by a Fund is subject to the Adviser's ability to predict movements in various factors affecting financial markets. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts involves less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a Fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments. The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those risks relating to the sale of futures contracts.

The use of options and futures strategies involves the risk of imperfect correlation among movements in the prices of the securities underlying the futures and options purchased and sold by the Fund, of the options and futures contracts themselves, and, in the case of hedging transactions, of the securities which are the subject of a hedge. The successful use of these strategies further depends on the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and market movements correctly.

There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain market clearing facilities inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by exchanges of special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customer orders.

To reduce or eliminate a position held by a Fund, the Fund may seek to close out such a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract or option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts or options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts or options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts or options (or a particular class or series of contracts or options), in which event the

market on that exchange for such contracts or options (or in the class or series of contracts or options) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts or options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would likely continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person or entity may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts. In addition, federal position limits apply to swaps that are economically equivalent to futures contracts on certain agricultural, metals and energy commodities. Unless an exemption applies, all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be aggregated for purposes complying with position limits. It is possible that positions of different clients managed by the Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore, the trading decisions of the Adviser may have to be modified and positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the Fund's investment strategy.

Futures and options transactions on markets located outside the United States, including markets formally linked to a United States market, may be subject to regulations which offer different or diminished protection to a Fund and its investors. Further, United States regulatory authorities may be unable to compel the enforcement of the rules of regulatory authorities or markets in non-United States jurisdictions where transactions for the Fund may be effected.

U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and options. Some U.S. Treasury security futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of U.S. Treasury security called for in the contract at a specified date and price; others may be settled in cash. Options on U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a U.S. Treasury security futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option.

Successful use of U.S. Treasury security futures contracts by a Fund is subject to the Adviser's ability to predict movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting markets for debt securities. For example, if a Fund has sold U.S. Treasury security futures contracts in order to hedge against the possibility of an increase in interest rates which would adversely affect the values of securities held in its portfolio, and the prices of the Fund's securities increase instead as a result of a decline in interest rates, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily maintenance margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

There is also a risk that price movements in U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for particular securities. For example, if a Fund has hedged against a decline in the values of tax-exempt securities held by it by selling Treasury security futures and the values of Treasury securities subsequently increase while the values of the Fund's tax-exempt securities decrease, the Fund would incur losses on both the Treasury security futures contracts written by it and the tax-exempt securities held in its portfolio.

Government Mortgage-Related Securities

The Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA” or “Ginnie Mae”) is the principal federal government guarantor of mortgage-related securities. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-related securities. GNMA pass-through securities are considered to have a relatively low risk of default in that (1) the underlying mortgage loan portfolio is comprised entirely of government-backed loans and (2) the timely payment of both principal and interest on the securities is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, regardless of whether they have been collected. GNMA pass-through securities are, however, subject to the same interest rate risk as comparable privately issued mortgage-related securities. Therefore, the effective maturity and market value of a Fund's GNMA securities can be expected to fluctuate in response to changes in interest rate levels.

Residential mortgage loans are also pooled by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”), a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government. The mortgage loans in FHLMC's portfolio are not government backed; FHLMC, not the U.S. Government, guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on FHLMC securities. FHLMC also issues guaranteed mortgage certificates, on which it guarantees semiannual interest payments and a specified minimum annual payment of principal.

The Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”) is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which include savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FNMA, not the U.S. Government.

High Yield Securities

The Funds may invest a portion of their assets in high yield debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Investment in high yield securities generally provides greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and credit risk. These high yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high yield may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities. In addition, high yield securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged (indebted) firms, but can also be issued by governments. Such issuers are generally less able than more financially stable issuers to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The risks posed by securities issued under such circumstances are substantial.

Investing in high yield debt securities involves risks that are greater than the risks of investing in higher quality debt securities. These risks include: (i) changes in credit status, including weaker overall credit conditions of issuers and risks of default; (ii) industry, market and economic risk; and (iii) greater price variability and credit risks of certain high yield securities such as zero-coupon and payment-in-kind securities. While these risks provide the opportunity for maximizing return over time, they may result in greater volatility of the value of the Fund than a fund that invests in higher-rated securities.

Furthermore, the value of high yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic, company or industry conditions than is the case for higher quality securities. The market values of certain of these lower-rated and unrated debt securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates, and tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. Adverse market, credit or economic conditions could make it difficult at certain times to sell certain high yield securities held by a Fund.

The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which a Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value (“NAV”) per share of a Fund. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because there is less reliable, objective data available. However, an Index seeks to include primarily high yield securities that the Index provider believes have greater liquidity than the broader high yield securities market as a whole.

The use of credit ratings as a principal method of selecting high yield securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated.

Illiquid Securities

Each Fund may invest in illiquid investments. Each Fund will invest no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, including repurchase agreements and time deposits of more than seven days' duration. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid investments imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid investments may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay.

The SEC has adopted a liquidity risk management rule (the “Liquidity Rule”) that requires the Funds to establish a liquidity risk management program (the “LRMP”). The Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees (defined infra), have designated the Adviser to administer the Funds' LRMP. Under the LRMP, the Adviser assesses, manages, and periodically reviews the Funds' liquidity risk. The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that the Funds could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Funds without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in the Funds. The liquidity of the Funds' portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the LRMP. To the extent that an investment is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, the Funds can expect to be exposed to greater liquidity risk. While the liquidity risk management program attempts to assess and manage liquidity risk, there is no guarantee it will be effective in its operations and may

not reduce the liquidity risk inherent in a Fund's investments. The SEC has recently proposed amendments to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act and Rule 22c-1 under the 1940 Act that, if adopted, would, among other things, cause more investments to be treated as illiquid, and could prevent a Fund from investing in securities that the Adviser believes are appropriate or desirable.

Infrastructure-Related Companies Risk

Infrastructure-related companies include companies that primarily own, manage, develop and/or operate infrastructure assets, including transportation, utility, energy and/or telecommunications assets. Infrastructure-related businesses are subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, insurance costs, costs associated with environmental and other regulations, the effects of an economic slowdown, surplus capacity or technological obsolescence, industry competition, labor relations, rate caps or rate changes, uncertainties concerning availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other factors. Certain infrastructure-related entities, particularly telecommunications and utilities companies, are subject to extensive regulation by various governmental authorities. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failures to receive required regulatory approvals or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may adversely affect infrastructure-related companies. Infrastructure-related companies may also be affected by service interruption and/or legal challenges due to environmental, operational or other conditions or events, and the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards. There is also the risk that corruption may negatively affect publicly-funded infrastructure projects, especially in non-U.S. markets, resulting in work stoppage, delays and cost overruns. Other risks associated with infrastructure-related companies include uncertainties resulting from such companies' diversification into new domestic and international businesses, as well as agreements by any such companies linking future rate increases to inflation or other factors not directly related to the actual operating profits of the enterprise.

Investment Grade Bonds

The Funds may invest in corporate notes and bonds that are rated investment-grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) or, if unrated, are of comparable quality to the rated securities described above, as determined by the Adviser, in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees. Investment-grade securities include securities rated Baa or higher by Moody's or BBB- or higher by S&P (and securities of comparable quality); securities rated Baa by Moody's or BBB by S&P may have speculative characteristics.

Lending of Fund Securities

Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers in U.S. and non-U.S. markets in an amount not to exceed 40% of the value of its net assets. The borrowers provide collateral that is marked to market daily in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the securities loaned. A Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities. A Fund cannot vote proxies for securities on loan, but may recall loans to vote proxies if a material issue affecting the Fund's economic interest in the investment is to be voted upon. Efforts to recall such securities promptly may be unsuccessful, especially for foreign securities or thinly traded securities. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.

With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower typically will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain high quality short-term instruments either directly on behalf of the lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or funds, which may include those managed by the Adviser. A Fund could lose money due to a decline in the value of collateral provided for loaned securities or any investments made with cash collateral.

A Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) who administer the lending program for the Funds in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent provides the following services to the Funds in connection with the Funds' securities lending activities: (i) locating borrowers among an approved list of prospective borrowers; (ii) causing the delivery of loaned securities from a Fund to borrowers; (iii) monitoring the value of loaned securities, the value of collateral received, and other lending parameters; (iv) seeking additional collateral, as necessary, from borrowers; (v) receiving and holding collateral from borrowers, and facilitating the investment and reinvestment of all or substantially all cash collateral in an investment vehicle designated by

the Funds; (vi) returning collateral to borrowers; (vii) facilitating substitute dividend, interest, and other distribution payments to the Funds from borrowers; (viii) negotiating the terms of each loan of securities, including but not limited to the amount of any loan premium, and monitoring the terms of securities loan agreements with prospective borrowers for consistency with the requirements of the Funds' Securities Lending Authorization Agreement; (ix) selecting securities, including amounts (percentages), to be loaned; (x) recordkeeping and accounting servicing; and (xi) arranging for return of loaned securities to the Fund in accordance with the terms of the Securities Lending Authorization Agreement. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), an affiliate of the Trust, has been approved by the Board to serve as securities lending agent for each Fund and the Trust has entered into an agreement with State Street for such services. Among other matters, the Trust has agreed to indemnify State Street for certain liabilities. State Street has received an order of exemption from the SEC under Sections 17(a), 17(d) and 12(d)(1) under the 1940 Act to serve as the lending agent for affiliated investment companies such as the Trust, to invest the cash collateral received from loan transactions in an affiliated cash collateral fund and to receive a fee based on a share of the revenue generated from such transactions.

Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process especially so in certain international markets such as Taiwan), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), risk of loss of collateral, credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral (or the proceeds of its liquidation) or in recovering the loaned securities. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund's securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. Although State Street has agreed to provide a Fund with indemnification in the event of a borrower default, a Fund is still exposed to the risk of losses in the event a borrower does not return a Fund's securities as agreed. For example, delays in recovery of lent securities may cause a Fund to lose the opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price with guaranteed delivery provisions.

In response to market events, the SEC has adopted new reporting requirements for securities loans which include the public dissemination of certain information about such loans. These new reporting requirements may negatively impact a Fund's ability to execute certain of its investment strategies.

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk

The Funds are subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, epidemics or pandemics, such as that caused by COVID-19, and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in non-U.S. and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of a Fund's investments. Given the increasing interdependence between global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely impact markets, issuers and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EMU”) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU, or any continued uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of a Fund's investments. The EU faces challenges related to member states seeking to change their relationship with the European Union, exemplified by the United Kingdom's (“UK”) withdrawal from the EU in 2020 (an event commonly known as “Brexit”). Brexit has resulted in volatility in European and global markets and could have negative long-term impacts on financial markets in the UK and throughout Europe. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including how negotiations for new trade agreements will be conducted and whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU.

Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of a Fund.

For example, London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) was the offered rate at which major international banks could obtain wholesale, unsecured funding. Certain of the Funds' investments, payment obligations, financing terms and other transactions (including certain derivatives transactions) have historically been tied to LIBOR. In connection with the global

transition away from LIBOR led by regulators and market participants, LIBOR was last published on a representative basis at the end of June 2023. Alternative reference rates to LIBOR have been established in most major currencies (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR and the Sterling Overnight Index Average for GBP LIBOR) and the transition to new reference rates continues. The transition away from LIBOR to the use of replacement rates has gone relatively smoothly but the full impact of the transition on the Funds or the financial instruments in which the Funds invest cannot yet be fully determined. In addition, the Funds' investments, payment obligations, financing terms and other transactions (including certain derivatives transactions) may be tied to other floating rates such as Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) and other similar types of reference rates including as a result of the transition away from LIBOR to new alternative reference rates (each, a “Reference Rate”). Such Reference Rates as well as other types of rates and indices are classed as “benchmarks” and have been the subject of ongoing national and international regulatory reform, including under the European Union regulation on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts (known as the “Benchmarks Regulation”). The Benchmarks Regulation has been enacted into United Kingdom law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (as amended), subject to amendments made by the Benchmarks (Amendment and Transitional Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/657) and other statutory instruments. Following the implementation of these reforms, the manner of administration of benchmarks has changed and may further change in the future, with the result that relevant benchmarks may perform differently than in the past, the use of benchmarks that are not compliant with the new standards by certain supervised entities may be restricted, and certain benchmarks may be eliminated entirely. Such changes could cause increased market volatility and disruptions in liquidity for instruments that rely on or are impacted by such benchmarks. Additionally, there could be other consequences which cannot be predicted.

Recent political activity in the U.S. has increased the risk that the U.S. could default on some or any of its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Funds' investments. Similarly, political events within the U.S. at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many Fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets. To the extent a Fund has focused its investments in the stock market index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Fund.

Market Turbulence Resulting from Infectious Illness

A widespread outbreak of an infectious illness, such as COVID-19, may lead to governments and businesses world-wide taking aggressive measures, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines of large populations. As occurred in the wake of COVID-19, the spread of such an illness may result in the disruption of and delays in the delivery of healthcare services and processes, the cancellation of organized events and educational institutions, the disruption of production and supply chains, a decline in consumer demand for certain goods and services, and general concern and uncertainty, all of which may contribute to increased volatility in global markets. COVID-19, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations, the global economy, individual companies, economic sectors and industries, and capital markets in ways that cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the impact of infectious diseases in developing or emerging market countries may be greater due to limited health care resources. Political, economic and social stresses caused by an infectious illness also may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries. The duration of such an illness and its effects cannot be determined at this time, but the effects could be present for an extended period of time.

Mortgage-Backed Security Rolls

The Funds, except for the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund and the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund, may enter into “forward roll” transactions with respect to mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. In a forward roll transaction, a Fund will sell a mortgage-related security to a bank or other permitted entity and simultaneously agree to repurchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed upon price. The mortgage securities that are repurchased will typically bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. A Fund that engages in a forward roll transaction forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities sold during the roll period, but is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase. In addition, a Fund earns interest by investing the

transaction proceeds during the roll period. A forward roll transaction may create investment leverage. A Fund is subject to the risk that the value of securities to be purchased pursuant to a forward roll transaction will decline over the roll period, and that the Fund's counterparty may be unwilling or unable to perform its obligations to the Fund.

Mortgage-Related Securities

The Funds, except for the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities represent an interest in a pool of, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities may be issued or guaranteed by (i) U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities such as GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC or (ii) other issuers, including private companies.

Many mortgage-related securities provide regular payments which consist of interest and, in most cases, principal. In contrast, other forms of debt securities normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. In effect, payments on many mortgage-related securities are a “pass-through” of the payments made by the individual borrowers on their mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.

Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will typically result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by a variety of factors, including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage, and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-related securities.

Because of the possibility of prepayments (and due to scheduled repayments of principal), mortgage-related securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of “locking in” attractive long-term interest rates. Prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Funds.

Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) may be issued by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. CMOs are typically structured with classes or series that have different maturities and are generally retired in sequence. Each class of obligations receives periodic interest payments according to its terms. However, monthly principal payments and any prepayments from the collateral pool are generally paid first to the holders of the most senior class. Thereafter, payments of principal are generally allocated to the next most senior class of obligations until that class of obligations has been fully repaid. Any or all classes of obligations of a CMO may be paid off sooner than expected because of an increase in the payoff speed of the pool. Changes in prepayment rates may have significant effects on the values and the volatility of the various classes and series of a CMO. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of a CMO may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages.

Ongoing developments in the residential and commercial mortgage markets may have additional consequences for the market for mortgage-backed securities. During the periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving mortgage loans. Many sub-prime mortgage pools have become distressed during the periods of economic distress and may trade at significant discounts to their face value during such period.

Stripped mortgage-related securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or “IO” class of stripped mortgage-related securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on a Fund's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup fully, or at all, its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only securities or “POs” tend to increase in value if prepayments are

greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-related securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-related securities, potentially limiting a Fund's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.

Municipal and Municipal-Related Securities

Municipal securities may bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest or may be zero-coupon securities. Municipal securities are generally of two types: general obligations and revenue obligations. General obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuer. These securities include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, general obligation bonds and commercial paper. Revenue obligations are backed by the revenues generated from a specific project or facility and include industrial development bonds and private activity bonds. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities and are generally issued in anticipation of future tax revenues. Bond anticipation notes are issued in expectation of the issuer obtaining longer-term financing.

Options

The Funds may purchase and sell put and call options to enhance investment performance and to protect against changes in market prices. There is no assurance that a Fund's use of put and call options will achieve its desired objective, and a Fund's use of options may result in losses to the Fund.

Covered call options. A Fund may write (i.e., sell) covered call options to realize a greater current return through the receipt of premiums than it would realize on its securities alone. Such option transactions may also be used as a limited form of hedging against a decline in the price of securities owned by a Fund.

A call option gives the holder the right to purchase, and obligates the writer to sell, a security at the exercise price at any time before the expiration date. A call option is “covered” if the writer, at all times while obligated as a writer, either owns the underlying securities (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of the securities exchanges), or has the right to acquire such securities through immediate conversion of securities. A Fund may write covered call options or uncovered call options.

A Fund will receive a premium from writing a call option, which increases the Fund's return on the underlying security in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security.

In return for the premium received when it writes a covered call option, a Fund gives up some or all of the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the securities covering the call option during the life of the option. A Fund retains the risk of loss should the price of such securities decline. If the option expires unexercised, a Fund realizes a gain equal to the premium, which may be offset by a decline in price of the underlying security. If the option is exercised, a Fund realizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the Fund's cost for the underlying security and the proceeds of sale (exercise price minus commissions) plus the amount of the premium.

A Fund may terminate a call option that it has written before it expires by entering into a closing purchase transaction. A Fund may enter into closing purchase transactions in order to free itself to sell the underlying security or to write another call on the security, realize a profit on a previously written call option, or protect a security from being called in an unexpected market rise. Any profits from a closing purchase transaction may be offset by a decline in the value of the underlying security. Conversely, because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction is likely to be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security owned by a Fund.

Uncovered call options. Writing uncovered call options may enable a Fund to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments, however writing uncovered calls are riskier than writing covered calls because there is no underlying security held by a Fund that can act as a partial hedge. When a Fund has written an uncovered call option, the Fund will not necessarily hold securities offsetting the risk to the Fund. As a result of writing a call option without holding the underlying the securities, if the call option were exercised, a Fund might be required to purchase the security that is the subject of the call at the market price at the time of exercise. The Fund's exposure on such an option is theoretically unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the security may not be available for purchase. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics.

Covered put options. A Fund may write covered put options in order to enhance its current return. Such options transactions may also be used as a limited form of hedging against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund plans to purchase. A put option gives the holder the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, a security at the exercise price at any time before the expiration date. A put option may be “covered” if the writer earmarks or otherwise segregates liquid assets equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised minus margin on deposit.

By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security later appreciates in value.

A Fund may terminate a put option that it has written before it expires by entering into a closing purchase transaction. Any loss from this transaction may be partially or entirely offset by the premium received on the terminated option.

Purchasing put and call options. A Fund may also purchase put options to protect portfolio holdings against a decline in market value. This protection lasts for the life of the put option because a Fund, as a holder of the option, may sell the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any decline in its market price. In order for a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs that a Fund must pay. These costs will reduce any profit the Fund might have realized had it sold the underlying security instead of buying the put option.

A Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since a Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security's market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.

A Fund may also purchase put and call options to attempt to enhance its current return.

Options on foreign securities. A Fund may purchase and sell options on foreign securities if the Adviser believes that the investment characteristics of such options, including the risks of investing in such options, are consistent with the Fund's investment objective. It is expected that risks related to such options will not differ materially from risks related to options on U.S. securities. However, position limits and other rules of foreign exchanges may differ from those in the United States. In addition, options markets in some countries, many of which are relatively new, may be less liquid than comparable markets in the United States.

Options on securities indices. A Fund may write or purchase options on securities indices. Index options are similar to options on individual securities in that the purchaser of an index option acquires the right to buy (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put), and the writer undertakes the obligation to sell or buy (as the case may be), units of an index at a stated exercise price during the term of the option. Instead of the right to take or make actual delivery of securities, the holder of an index option has the right to receive a cash “exercise settlement amount.” This amount is equal to the amount by which the fixed exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of the exercise, multiplied by a fixed “index multiplier.”

Price movements in securities which a Fund owns or intends to purchase probably will not correlate perfectly with movements in the level of a securities index and, therefore, if the Fund uses an option for hedging purposes, it bears the risk of a loss on a securities index option which is not completely offset by movements in the price of such securities. Because securities index options are settled in cash, a call writer cannot determine the amount of its settlement obligations in advance and, unlike call writing on a specific security, cannot provide in advance for, or cover, its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding underlying securities. A Fund may, however, cover call options written on a securities index by holding a mix of securities which substantially replicate the movement of the index or by holding a call option on the securities index with an exercise price no higher than the call option sold.

Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on an index involves less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options plus transactions costs. The writing of a put or call option on an index involves risks similar to those risks relating to the purchase or sale of index futures contracts.

Risks involved in the use of options. The successful use of a Fund's options strategies depends on the ability of the Adviser to forecast correctly interest rate and market movements. For example, if a Fund were to write a call option based on the Adviser's expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund

could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if a Fund were to write a put option based on the Adviser's expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the Fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

When a Fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, a Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by a Fund in the underlying security, since the Fund will not realize a loss if the security's price does not change.

The effective use of options also depends on a Fund's ability to terminate option positions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that a Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price.

If a secondary market in options were to become unavailable, a Fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. Lack of investor interest might adversely affect the liquidity of the market for particular options or series of options. A market may discontinue trading of a particular option or options generally. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events — such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability — were to interrupt its normal operations.

A market may at times find it necessary to impose restrictions on particular types of options transactions, such as opening transactions. For example, if an underlying security ceases to meet qualifications imposed by the market or the Options Clearing Corporation, new series of options on that security will no longer be opened to replace expiring series, and opening transactions in existing series may be prohibited. If an options market were to become unavailable, a Fund as a holder of an option would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising the option, and the Fund, as option writer, would remain obligated under the option until expiration or exercise.

Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with considerable losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the Options Clearing Corporation or options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at the time when trading in the option has also been halted, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If the Options Clearing Corporation were to determine that the available supply of an underlying security appears insufficient to permit delivery by the writers of all outstanding calls in the event of exercise, it may prohibit indefinitely the exercise of put options. A Fund, as holder of such a put option, could lose its entire investment if the prohibition remained in effect until the put option's expiration.

Foreign-traded options are subject to many of the same risks presented by internationally-traded securities. In addition, because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.

Over-the-counter (“OTC”) options purchased by a Fund and assets held to cover OTC options written by the Fund may, under certain circumstances, be considered illiquid securities for purposes of any limitation on the Fund's ability to invest in illiquid securities.

Other Asset-Backed Securities

In addition to the mortgage related securities discussed above, the Funds may invest in asset-backed securities that are not mortgage-related. Asset-backed securities other than mortgage-related securities represent undivided fractional interests in pools of instruments, such as consumer loans, and are typically similar in structure to mortgage-related pass-through securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to holders of the securities and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity, or by priority to certain of the borrower's other securities. The degree of credit-enhancement, if any, varies, applying only until exhausted and generally covering only a fraction of the security's par value.

The value of such asset-backed securities is affected by changes in the market's perception of the asset backing the security, changes in the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the instrument pool, the originator of the instruments, or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement and the expenditure of any portion of any credit enhancement. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities are ultimately dependent upon payment of the underlying instruments by the obligors, and a Fund would generally have no recourse against the obligee of the instruments in the event of default by an obligor. The underlying instruments are subject to prepayments which shorten the duration of asset-backed securities and may lower their return, in generally the same manner as described above for prepayments of pools of mortgage loans underlying mortgage-related securities. During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving loans, sales contracts, receivables and other obligations underlying asset-backed securities.

Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities

The interest and principal payments on pre-refunded municipal securities are typically paid from the cash flow generated from an escrow fund consisting of U.S. Government securities. These payments have been “pre-refunded” using the escrow fund.

Private Placements and Restricted Securities

Each Fund may invest in securities that are purchased in private placements and, accordingly, are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. While such private placements may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market, the securities so purchased are often “restricted securities,” i.e., securities which cannot be sold to the public without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or which are not readily marketable because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Generally speaking, restricted securities may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers, or in a privately negotiated transaction to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration, or in a public offering for which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act.

Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such investments, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when the Adviser believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. Market quotations for such securities are generally less readily available than for publicly traded securities. The absence of a trading market can make it difficult to ascertain a market value for such securities for purposes of computing the Fund's net asset value, and the judgment of the Adviser may at times play a greater role in valuing these securities than in the case of publicly traded securities. Disposing of such securities, which may be illiquid investments, can involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and it may be difficult or impossible for the Fund to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. The Fund may have to bear the extra expense of registering such securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting such registration.

A Fund may be deemed to be an “underwriter” for purposes of the Securities Act when selling restricted securities to the public, and in such event the Fund may be liable to purchasers of such securities if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading.

Purchase of Other Investment Company Shares

The Funds may, to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, invest in shares of other investment companies, which include funds managed by SSGA FM, which invest exclusively in money market instruments or in investment companies with investment policies and objectives which are substantially similar to those of the Funds. These investments may be made temporarily, for example, to invest uncommitted cash balances or, in limited circumstances, to assist in meeting shareholder redemptions, or as long-term investments. In general, the 1940 Act prohibits a Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any one other investment company, and prohibits a Fund investing more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one other investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies in the aggregate. The percentage limitations above apply to investments in any investment company. Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, the Funds may invest in excess of these limitations if the Fund and the investment company in which the Fund would like to invest comply with certain conditions. Certain of the conditions do not apply if the Fund is investing in shares issued by affiliated funds. In addition, the Funds may invest in shares issued by money market funds, including certain unregistered money market funds, in excess of the limitations.

The Funds' investments in another investment company will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment company's portfolio securities. The Funds' shareholders must bear not only their proportionate share of the Funds' fees and expenses, but they also must bear indirectly the fees and expenses of the other investment company.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)

Each Fund may invest in REITs. REITs pool investors' funds for investment primarily in income producing real estate or real estate loans or interests. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year. REITs can generally be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. A Fund will not invest in real estate directly, but only in securities issued by real estate companies. However, a Fund may be subject to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate (in addition to securities markets risks) because of its policy of concentration in the securities of companies in the real estate industry. These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependency on management skill, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems, liability to third-parties for damages resulting from environmental problems, casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants and changes in interest rates. Investments in REITs may subject Fund shareholders to duplicate management and administrative fees.

In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, Equity and Mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, if applicable, Equity and Mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the favorable tax treatment available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower's or a lessee's ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting investments.

Repurchase Agreements

The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements with banks, other financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, and other institutional counterparties. Under a repurchase agreement, a Fund purchases securities from a financial institution that agrees to repurchase the securities at the Fund's original purchase price plus interest within a specified time. A Fund will limit repurchase transactions to those member banks of the Federal Reserve System, broker-dealers and other financial institutions whose creditworthiness the Adviser considers satisfactory. Should the counterparty to a transaction fail financially, the Fund may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the securities, or may be prevented from realizing on the securities. Further, the amount realized upon the sale of the securities may be less than that necessary to fully compensate the Fund. The SEC has finalized new rules requiring the central clearing of certain repurchase transactions involving U.S. Treasuries. Historically, such transactions have not been required to be cleared and voluntary clearing of such transactions has generally been limited. The new clearing requirements could make it more difficult for a Fund to execute certain investment strategies.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing. Under reverse repurchase agreements, a Fund transfers possession of portfolio securities to financial institutions in return for cash in an amount equal to a percentage of the portfolio securities' market value and agrees to repurchase the securities at a future date by repaying the cash with interest. Each Fund retains the right to receive interest and principal payments from the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the buyer of the securities sold might be unable to deliver them when a Fund seeks to repurchase the securities. If the buyer files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund may be delayed or prevented from recovering the security that it sold. The SEC

has finalized new rules requiring the central clearing of certain repurchase transactions involving U.S. Treasuries. Historically, such transactions have not been required to be cleared and voluntary clearing of such transactions has generally been limited. The new clearing requirements could make it more difficult for a Fund to execute certain investment strategies.

Special Risk Considerations of Investing in China.

Certain Funds may invest in securities of Chinese issuers. Investing in securities of Chinese issuers, including by investing in A Shares, involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including, among others, (i) more frequent (and potentially widespread) trading suspensions and U.S. or foreign government interventions or restrictions with respect to Chinese issuers, which could preclude the Fund from making certain investments or result in the Fund selling investments at disadvantageous times and which may also cause reduced liquidity and increased price volatility in such investments, (ii) currency revaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations or blockage, (iii) the nature and extent of intervention by the Chinese government in the Chinese securities markets, whether such intervention will continue and the impact of such intervention or its discontinuation, (iv) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, (v) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support economic reform programs, (vi) limitations on the use of brokers, (vii) potentially higher rates of inflation, (viii) the unavailability of consistently-reliable economic data, (ix) the relatively small size and absence of operating history of many Chinese companies, (x) accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards in China are different from U.S. standards and, therefore, disclosure of certain material information may not be available, (xi) greater political, economic, social, legal and tax-related uncertainty, (xii) higher market volatility caused by any potential regional territorial conflicts or natural disasters, (xiii) higher dependence on exports and international trade, (xiv) the risk of increased trade tariffs, sanctions, embargoes and other trade limitations, (xv) restrictions on foreign ownership, (xvi) risks associated with variable interest entity (“VIE”) structures, and (xvii) custody risks associated with investing through programs to access Chinese securities. Significant portions of the Chinese securities markets may become rapidly illiquid, as Chinese issuers have the ability to suspend the trading of their equity securities, and have shown a willingness to exercise that option in response to market volatility and other events. The liquidity of Chinese securities may shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political events, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate.

Certain Funds may also gain investment exposure to Chinese companies through VIE structures. Such investments are subject to the investment risks associated with the Chinese-based company. The VIE structure enables foreign investors, such as the Funds, to obtain investment exposure to a Chinese company in situations in which the Chinese government has prohibited or limited non-Chinese ownership of such company. The VIE structure does not involve direct equity ownership in a China-based company, but rather involves claims to the China-based company's profits and control of the assets that belong to the China-based company through contractual arrangements. The contractual arrangements in place with the China-based company provide limited ability for the VIE to exercise control over the China-based company and the China-based company's actions may negatively impact the investment value of the VIE. Control over a VIE may also be jeopardized if a natural person who holds the equity interest in the VIE breaches the terms of the contractual arrangements, is subject to legal proceedings, or if any physical instruments such as chops and seals are used without authorization.

Intervention by the Chinese government with respect to the VIE structure could significantly affect the Chinese operating company's performance and thus, the value of a Fund's investment through a VIE structure, as well as the enforceability of the contractual arrangements of the VIE structure. In the event of such an occurrence, a Fund, as a foreign investor, may have little or no legal recourse. If the Chinese government were to determine that the contractual arrangements establishing the VIE structure did not comply with Chinese law or regulations, the Chinese operating company could be subject to penalties, revocation of its business and operating license, or forfeiture of ownership interests. In addition to the risk of government intervention, investments through a VIE structure are subject to the risk that the China-based company (or its officers, directors, or Chinese equity owners) may breach the contractual arrangements, or Chinese law changes in a way that adversely affects the enforceability of the arrangements, or the contracts are otherwise not enforceable under Chinese law, in which case a Fund may suffer significant losses on its investments through a VIE structure with little or no recourse available.

In addition, unexpected political, regulatory and diplomatic events, such as the U.S.-China “trade war” that intensified in 2018, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The current political climate and the renewal or escalation of a trade war between China and the United States may have an adverse effect on both the U.S. and Chinese economies,

including as the result of one country's imposition of tariffs on the other country's products. In addition, sanctions or other investment restrictions could preclude a Fund from investing in certain Chinese issuers or cause a Fund to sell investments at disadvantageous times. Events such as these and their impact on the Funds are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

Moreover, the Chinese government is involved in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan that has included threats of invasion. If the political climate between the U.S. and China does not improve or continues to deteriorate, if China were to attempt unification of Taiwan by force, or if other geopolitical conflicts develop or get worse, economies, markets, and individual securities may be severely affected both regionally and globally, and the value of the Fund's assets may go down.

Total Return Swaps, Equity Swaps and Interest Rate Swaps

The Funds may contract with a counterparty to pay a stream of cash flows and receive the total return of an index or a security for purposes of attempting to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to a Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. A Fund's return on a swap will depend on the ability of its counterparty to perform its obligations under the swap. The Adviser will cause a Fund to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Fund's repurchase agreement guidelines.

The Funds may enter into interest rate swap transactions with respect to any security they are entitled to hold. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by a Fund with another party of their respective rights to receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Funds expect to enter into these transactions primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or to protect against any increase in the price of securities it anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Funds generally intend to use these transactions as a hedge and not as a speculative investment. For example, a Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Funds. In such an instance, the Fund may agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty to pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of a Fund, the Fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value; if interest rates fall, the Fund would likely lose money on the swap transaction.

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities

The Funds may invest in Inflation-Protection Securities (“TIPSs”), a type of inflation-indexed Treasury security. TIPSs typically provide for semiannual payments of interest and a payment of principal at maturity. In general, each payment will be adjusted to take into account any inflation or deflation that occurs between the issue date of the security and the payment date based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”).

Each semiannual payment of interest will be determined by multiplying a single fixed rate of interest by the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the security for the date of the interest payment. Thus, although the interest rate will be fixed, the amount of each interest payment will vary with changes in the principal of the security as adjusted for inflation and deflation.

TIPSs also provide for an additional payment (a “minimum guarantee payment”) at maturity if the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date is less than the security's principal amount at issuance. The amount of the additional payment will equal the excess of the security's principal amount at issuance over the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date.

U.S. Government Securities

The Funds may purchase U.S. Government securities. The types of U.S. Government obligations in which the Funds may at times invest include: (1) U.S. Treasury obligations and (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Treasury, (c) discretionary authority of the U.S. Government agency or instrumentality, or (d) the credit of the instrumentality (examples of agencies and instrumentalities are: Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Farm Credit Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, General Services Administration, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Development Bank, Asian-American Development Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Federal National Mortgage Association). No assurance can be given that in the future the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government securities it is not obligated to support.

U.S. Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers

The Funds may purchase publicly traded common stocks of non-U.S. corporations.

Investing in U.S. registered, dollar-denominated, securities issued by non-U.S. issuers involves some risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation taxation (which could potentially be confiscatory), adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions of the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. companies may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.

A Fund's investment in common stock of non-U.S. corporations may also be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust company, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. corporation. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designated for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.

Variable Amount Master Demand Notes

The Funds may invest in variable amount master demand notes which are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand and are typically unrated. These instruments are issued pursuant to written agreements between their issuers and holders. The agreements permit the holders to increase (subject to an agreed maximum) and the holders and issuers to decrease the principal amount of the notes, and specify that the rate of interest payable on the principal fluctuates according to an agreed formula. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of these securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Thus, investing in these securities generally allows less opportunity for capital appreciation and depreciation than investing in comparable fixed income securities. There may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable rate instrument.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities

The Funds may invest in variable and floating rate securities. In general, variable rate securities are instruments issued or guaranteed by entities such as (1) U.S. Government, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, (2) corporations, (3) financial institutions, (4) insurance companies or (5) trusts that have a rate of interest subject to adjustment at regular intervals but less frequently than annually. A variable rate security provides for the automatic establishment of a new interest rate on set dates. Interest rates on these securities are ordinarily tied to, widely recognized market rates, which are typically set once a day. These rates may change as often as twice daily. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of variable and floating rate securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Variable rate obligations will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate.

When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions

To secure an advantageous price or yield, certain Funds may purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery, to-be-announced (“TBA”) or forward commitment basis and may sell securities on a forward commitment or delayed delivery basis. A Fund will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery, TBA or forward commitment transactions for the purpose of acquiring securities and not for the purpose of leverage.

When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, TBA or forward commitment basis, a Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its NAV. When such transactions are negotiated, certain terms may be fixed at the time the

commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. In general, a Fund does not pay for the securities until received and does not start earning interest or other income until the contractual settlement date. A Fund may take delivery of the securities or it may sell the securities before the settlement date.

At the time of delivery of the securities, the value may be more or less than the purchase or sale price. If a Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery, TBA or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage and give rise to increased volatility of the Fund's NAV. Default by, or bankruptcy of, a counterparty to a when-issued, delayed delivery, TBA or forward commitment transaction would expose the Fund to possible losses because of an adverse market action, expenses or delays in connection with the purchase or sale of the pools specified in such transaction. Purchases of when-issued, delayed delivery, TBA or forward commitment securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to deliver after the value of the securities has risen.

A TBA transaction involves a commitment to purchase securities sold for a fixed price where the underlying securities are announced at a future date. The seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, a Fund agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms. For example, in a TBA mortgage-backed security transaction, a Fund and the seller would agree upon the issuer, interest rate and terms of the underlying mortgages. The seller would not identify the specific underlying mortgages until it issues the security. For this reason, in a TBA transaction, a Fund commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not yet known at the time of the trade, particularly the exact face amount in forward commitment mortgage-backed securities transactions. The purchaser in a TBA transaction generally is subject to increased market risk and interest rate risk because the delivered securities may be less favorable than anticipated by the purchaser.

Certain Funds may also enter into a forward commitment to sell securities it owns. The use of forward commitments enables a Fund to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. In a forward sale, a Fund does not participate in gains or losses on the security occurring after the commitment date. Forward commitments to sell securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to take delivery after the value of the securities has declined. Forward commitment transactions involve additional risks similar to those associated with investments in options and futures contracts.

Rule amendments recently finalized by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) will impose, effective May 22, 2024, mandatory margin requirements for “Covered Agency Transactions,” which include TBA Transactions, certain transactions in pass-through mortgage-backed securities or small-business administration-backed asset-backed securities and transactions in CMOs, in each case where such transactions have delayed contractual settlement dates of a specified period. There are limited exceptions to these margin requirements. Covered Agency Transactions historically have not been required to be collateralized. The collateralization of Covered Agency Transactions is intended to mitigate counterparty credit risk between trade and settlement, but could increase the cost of such transactions and impose added operational complexity.

Zero-Coupon Securities

The Funds may invest in zero-coupon securities. Zero-coupon securities are notes, bonds and debentures that: (1) do not pay current interest and are issued at a substantial discount from par value; (2) have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts; or (3) pay no interest until a stated date one or more years into the future. These securities also include certificates representing interests in such stripped coupons and receipts. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a greater impact on the market value of a zero-coupon security than on the market value of the comparable securities that pay interest periodically during the life of the instrument. In the case of any zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are treated as issued originally at a discount, a Fund (or a Portfolio or Underlying Fund, as applicable) will be required to accrue original issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may as a result be required to pay out as an income distribution an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions to maintain its qualification for treatment as a RIC, a Fund (or a Portfolio or Underlying Fund, as applicable) may be required to sell investments, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so.

Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. Government, but the future payment of principal or interest on U.S. Treasury obligations which they represent is so guaranteed.

Master/Feeder Structure

The Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund and the Target Retirement Funds may in the future determine to become a “feeder” fund that invests all of its assets in another open-end investment company (a “master fund”) that has substantially similar investment strategies as the Fund. This structure is sometimes called a “master/feeder” structure.

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

The Portfolios in which the Feeder Funds invest each have substantially the same investment restrictions as their corresponding Funds. In reviewing the description of a Feeder Fund's investment restrictions below, you should assume that the investment restrictions of the corresponding Portfolio are the same in all material respects as those of the Feeder Fund.

The Trust has adopted the following fundamental investment restrictions with respect to the Funds, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund, which is defined in the 1940 Act to mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund and (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present at the meeting in person or by proxy.

A Fund may borrow money and issue senior securities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.

A Fund may make loans, including to affiliated investment companies, to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.

A Fund may purchase or sell commodities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.

A Fund may purchase, sell or hold real estate to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.

A Fund may underwrite securities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.

For the State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund, the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, the State Street Equity 500 Index Fund, State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund, the International Developed Equity Index Fund and the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund:

A Fund may not purchase any security if, as a result, 25% or more of the Fund's total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in a particular industry (for purposes of this restriction, investment companies are not considered to constitute a particular industry or group of industries), except as is consistent with applicable law from time to time and as follows: each Fund is permitted to invest without limit in “government securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act) and tax-exempt securities issued by a U.S. territory or possession, a state or local government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing. Each Fund may concentrate its investments in securities of issuers in the same industry as may be necessary to approximate the composition of the Fund's underlying Index.

For the Target Retirement Funds:

For purposes of the above investment limitation number 6, in the case of a tax-exempt bond issued by a non-governmental user, where the tax-exempt bond is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user, then such non-governmental user would be deemed to be the sole issuer. For each Fund, all percentage limitations (except the limitation to borrowings) on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment. Except for the investment restrictions expressly identified as fundamental, or to the extent designated as such in the Prospectus with respect to a Fund, the other investment policies described in this SAI or in the Prospectus are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees without shareholder approval.

Names Rule Policy

To the extent a Fund is subject to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund has an investment policy, described in the Fund's prospectus, to, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of its assets in the particular types of investments suggested by the Fund's name (a “Name Policy”). “Assets” for the purposes of a Name Policy are net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. The percentage limitation applies at the time of purchase of an investment. A Fund's Name Policy may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. However, to the extent required by SEC regulations, shareholders will be provided with at least sixty (60) days' notice prior to any change in a Fund's Name Policy.

Additional Information

Fundamental Investment Restrictions (1) through (5), as numbered above limit a Fund's ability to engage in certain investment practices and purchase securities or other instruments to the extent consistent with applicable law as that law changes from time to time. Applicable law includes the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder and applicable orders of the SEC as are currently in place. In addition, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account, where deemed appropriate by a Fund, to determine if an investment practice or the purchase of securities or other instruments is permitted by applicable law. As such, the effects of these limitations will change as the statute, rules, regulations or orders (or, if applicable, interpretations) change, and no shareholder vote will be required or sought when such changes permit or require a resulting change in practice.

Additional Strategy Information

For the Target Retirement Funds (subject to each Fund's respective glide path allocations):

•With respect to Target Retirement 2020 Fund (the “2020 Fund”), at least 30% of the 2020 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 10% of the 2020 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2025 Fund (the “2025 Fund”), at least 45% of the 2025 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 8% of the 2025 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2030 Fund (the “2030 Fund”), at least 55% of the 2030 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 6% of the 2030 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2035 Fund (the “2035 Fund”), at least 65% of the 2035 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2035 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2040 Fund (the “2040 Fund”), at least 70% of the 2040 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2040 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2045 Fund (the “2045 Fund”), at least 75% of the 2045 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2045 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2050 Fund (the “2050 Fund”), at least 80% of the 2050 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2050 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2055 Fund (the “2055 Fund”), at least 80% of the 2055 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2055 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2060 Fund (the “2060 Fund”), at least 80% of the 2060 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2060 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement 2065 Fund (the “2065 Fund”), at least 80% of the 2065 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 4% of the 2065 Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

•With respect to Target Retirement Fund (the “Retirement Fund”), at least 25% of the Retirement Fund's assets will be invested in underlying equity funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in public equity securities included in such underlying equity fund's index, and at least 28% of the Retirement Fund's assets will be invested in underlying government securities index funds that each invest at least 80% of their respective assets in government securities included in such underlying government fund's index.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

Introduction

The policies set forth below to be followed by State Street and SSGA FM (collectively, the “Service Providers”) for the disclosure of information about the portfolio holdings of SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, and State Street Institutional Investment Trust (each, a “Trust”). These disclosure policies are intended to ensure compliance by the Service Providers and the Trust with applicable regulations of the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Board of Trustees must approve all material amendments to the policy.

General Policy

It is the policy of the Service Providers to protect the confidentiality of client holdings and prevent the selective disclosure of non-public information concerning the Trust.

No information concerning the portfolio holdings of the Trust may be disclosed to any party (including shareholders) except as provided below. The Service Providers are not permitted to receive compensation or other consideration in connection with disclosing information about a Fund's portfolio to third-parties. In order to address potential conflicts between the interest of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Service Providers or any affiliated person of those entities or of the Fund, on the other hand, the Fund's policies require that non-public disclosures of information regarding the Fund's portfolio may be made only if there is a legitimate business purpose consistent with fiduciary duties to all shareholders of the Fund.

The Board of Trustees exercises continuing oversight over the disclosure of each Fund's holdings by (i) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the portfolio holding disclosure policy, Codes of Ethics and other relevant policies of each Fund and its Service Providers by the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), and (ii) considering reports and recommendations by the Trust's CCO concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). The Board reserves the right to amend the policy at any time without prior notice in its sole discretion.

Publicly Available Information. Any party may disclose portfolio holdings information after the holdings are publicly available.

Disclosure of the complete holdings of each Fund is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarter in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to Fund shareholders and in the monthly holdings report on Form N-PORT, with every third month made available to the public by the SEC 60 days after the end of the Portfolios' fiscal quarter. You can find SEC filings on the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. Information about a Fund's 10 largest holdings generally is posted on the Fund's website at SSGA.com, within 30 days following the end of each month. Each Fund will also make complete portfolio holdings available generally no later than 60 calendar days after the end of the Funds' fiscal quarter or subsequent to periodic portfolio holdings disclosure in the Fund's filings with the SEC or on their website.

Press Interviews, Brokers and Other Discussions

Portfolio managers and other senior officers or spokespersons of the Service Providers or the Trust may disclose or confirm the ownership of any individual portfolio holding position to reporters, brokers, shareholders, consultants or other interested persons only if such information has been previously publicly disclosed in accordance with these disclosure policies. For example, a portfolio manager discussing the Trust may indicate that he owns XYZ Company for the Trust only if the Trust's ownership of such company has previously been publicly disclosed.

Trading Desk Reports

State Street Global Advisors' (“SSGA”) trading desk may periodically distribute lists of investments held by its clients (including the Trust) for general analytical research purposes. In no case may such lists identify individual clients or individual client position sizes. Furthermore, in the case of equity securities, such lists shall not show aggregate client position sizes.

Miscellaneous

Confidentiality Agreement. No non-public disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings will be made to any party unless such party has signed a written Confidentiality Agreement. For purposes of the disclosure policies, any Confidentiality Agreement must be in a form and substance acceptable to, and approved by, the Trust's officers.

Evaluation Service Providers. There are numerous mutual fund evaluation services (such as Morningstar, Inc. and Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., formerly Lipper, Inc.) and due diligence departments of broker-dealers and wirehouses that regularly analyze the portfolio holdings of mutual funds in order to monitor and report on various attributes. These services and departments then distribute the results of their analysis to the public, paid subscribers and/or in-house brokers. In order to facilitate the review of the Trust by these services and departments, the Trust may distribute (or authorize the Service Providers and the Trust's custodian or fund accountants to distribute) month-end portfolio holdings to such services and departments only if such entity has executed a confidentiality agreement.

Additional Restrictions. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Board of Trustees, State Street and SSGA FM may, on a case-by-case basis, impose additional restrictions on the dissemination of portfolio information beyond those found in these disclosure policies.

Waivers of Restrictions. These disclosure policies may not be waived, or exceptions made, without the consent of the Trust's officers. All waivers and exceptions involving the Trust will be disclosed to the Board of Trustees no later than its next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting.

Disclosures Required by Law. Nothing contained herein is intended to prevent the disclosure of portfolio holdings information as may be required by applicable law. For example, SSGA FM, State Street, the Trust or any of its affiliates or service providers may file any report required by applicable law (such as Schedules 13D, 13G and 13F or Form N-MFP), respond to requests from regulators and comply with valid subpoenas.

State Street Master Funds' Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Policy: State Street Master Funds have adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about their portfolio holdings. The Board of Trustees of State Street Master Funds must approve all material amendments to each policy. A Portfolio's portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Portfolio is open for business through financial reporting and news services, including publicly accessible Internet web sites. State Street Master Funds, the Adviser, or State Street will not disseminate non-public information concerning State Street Master Funds to any party unless such party has signed a written confidentiality agreement.

Management of the Trust and State Street Master Funds

The Board of Trustees is responsible for overseeing generally the management, activities and affairs of the Funds and has approved contracts with various organizations to provide, among other services, day-to-day management required by the Trust (see the section called “Investment Advisory and Other Services”). The Board has engaged the Adviser to manage the Funds on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operation of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable Massachusetts law and regulation, other applicable laws and regulations, and the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust. The Trustees listed below are also Trustees of SSGA Funds, the State Street Master Funds and the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the “Navigator Trust”), State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc., Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts (collectively, the “Elfun Funds”), and their respective series. The following table provides information with respect to each Trustee, including those Trustees who are not considered to be “interested” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”), and each officer of the Trusts.

Name, Address, and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Trust	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation During Past Five Years and Relevant Experience	Number of Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee†	Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
PATRICK J. RILEY c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1948	Trustee and Chairperson of the Board	Term: Indefinite Elected: 1/14	Associate Justice of the Superior Court, Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2002 – May 2010); Partner, Riley, Burke & Donahue, L.L.P. (law firm) (1985 – 2002); Independent Director, State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited (investment company) (1998 – 2023); Independent Director, SSGA Liquidity plc (formerly, SSGA Cash Management Fund plc) (1998 – 2023); Independent Director, SSGA Fixed Income plc (January 2009 – 2023); and Independent Director, SSGA Qualified Funds plc (January 2009 - 2019).	54	Board Director and Chairman, SSGA SPDR ETFs Europe I plc (2011 – March 2023); Board Director and Chairman, SSGA SPDR ETFs Europe II plc (2013 – March 2023); Board Director, State Street Liquidity plc (1998 – March 2023).
JOHN R. COSTANTINO c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1946	Trustee and Chairperson of the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee	Term: Indefinite Elected: 12/18	Executive, Kleinfeld Bridal Corp. (January 2023 – present); Senior Advisor to NGN Capital LLC (January 2020 – present); Managing General Partner, NGN Capital LLC (2006 – December 2019).	54	Director of Kleinfeld Bridal Corp. (January 2016 – present); Trustee of Neuroscience Research Institute (1986 – 2017); Trustee of Fordham University (1989 – 1995 and 2001 – 2007) and Trustee Emeritus (2007 – present); Trustee and Independent Chairperson of GE Funds (1993 – February 2011); Director, Muscular Dystrophy Association (2019 – present); Trustee of Gregorian University Foundation (1992 – 2007); Chairman of the

Name, Address, and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Trust	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation During Past Five Years and Relevant Experience	Number of Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee†	Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
					Board of Directors, Vivaldi Biosciences Inc. (May 2017 - present); Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Vivaldi Biosciences AG. (May 2017 - present); Trustee, Gallim Dance (December 2021 - present).
MICHAEL A. JESSEE c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1946	Trustee and Chairperson of the Valuation Committee	Term: Indefinite Appointed: 7/16 Elected: 12/18	Retired; formerly, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (1989 – 2009); Trustee, Randolph-Macon College (2004 – 2016).	54	None.
MARGARET K. MCLAUGHLIN c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1967	Trustee; Vice-Chairperson of the Audit Committee and Vice-Chairperson of the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee	Term: Indefinite Appointed: 9/22	Consultant, Bates Group (consultants) (September 2020 – January 2023); Consultant, Madison Dearborn Partners (private equity) (2019 – 2020); General Counsel/CCO, Kramer Van Kirk Credit Strategies L.P./Mariana Systems LLC (Investment Adviser/SaaS Technology) (2011 – 2019).	54	Director, Manning & Napier Fund Inc (2021 – 2022).
GEORGE M. PEREIRA c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1964	Trustee; Chairperson of the Nominating Committee and Chairperson of the Governance Committee	Term: Indefinite Appointed: 9/22	Chief Operating Officer (January 2011 – September 2020) and Chief Financial Officer (November 2004 – September 2020), Charles Schwab Investment Management.	54	Director, Pave Finance Inc. (May 2023 – present); Director, Pacific Premier Bancorp, Pacific Premier Bank (2021 – present); Director, Charles Schwab Asset Management (Ireland) Ltd., & Charles Schwab Worldwide Funds plc. (2005 – 2020); Director, Rotaplast International, Inc. (non-profit providing free medical services to children worldwide) (2012 – 2018).
DONNA M. RAPACCIOLI c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1962	Trustee; Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Vice-Chairperson of the Nominating Committee and Vice-Chairperson of the Governance Committee	Term: Indefinite Elected: 12/18	Dean of the Gabelli School of Business (2007 – June 2022) and Accounting Professor (1987 – present) at Fordham University.	54	Director- Graduate Management Admissions Council (2015 – present); Trustee of Emmanuel College (2010 – 2019).

Name, Address, and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Trust	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation During Past Five Years and Relevant Experience	Number of Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee†	Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past Five Years
MARK E. SWANSON c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1963	Trustee and Vice-Chairperson of the Valuation Committee	Term: Indefinite Appointed: 3/23	Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Russell Investment Funds (“RIF”) (1998 – 2022); Global Head of Fund Services, Russell Investments (2013 - 2022); Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Russell Investment Company (“RIC”) (1998 - 2022); President and Chief Executive Officer, RIF (2016 - 2017 and 2020 - 2022); President and Chief Executive Officer, RIC (2016 - 2017 and 2020 - 2022)	54	Director and President, Russell Investments Fund Services, LLC (2010 - 2023); Director, Russell Investment Management, LLC, Russell Investments Trust Company and Russell Investments Financial Services, LLC (2010 - 2023).

†

For the purpose of determining the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustees, “Fund Complex” comprises registered investment companies for which SSGA FM serves as investment adviser.

The following lists the principal officers for the Trust and State Street Master Funds, as well as their mailing addresses and ages, positions with the Trusts and length of time served, and present and principal occupations:

Name, Address, and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Trust	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation During Past Five Years
OFFICERS:
ANN M. CARPENTER SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1966	President and Principal Executive Officer; Deputy Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 5/23 Term: Indefinite Served: since 4/19	Chief Operating Officer, SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (April 2005 – present); Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors. (April 2005 – present).
BRUCE S. ROSENBERG SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1961	Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 2/16	Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2015 – present).
CHAD C. HALLETT SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1969	Deputy Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 2/16	Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (November 2014 – present).
DARLENE ANDERSON-VASQUEZ SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1968	Deputy Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 11/16	Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (May 2016 – present).
ARTHUR A. JENSEN SSGA Funds Management, Inc. 1600 Summer Street Stamford, CT 06905 YOB: 1966	Deputy Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 11/16	Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2016 – present).

Name, Address, and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Trust	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation During Past Five Years
DAVID LANCASTER SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1971	Assistant Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 11/20	Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2017 – present).*
JOHN BETTENCOURT SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210 YOB:1976	Assistant Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 5/22	Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (March 2020 – present); Assistant Vice President, State Street Global Advisors (June 2007 – March 2020).
VEDRAN VUKOVIC SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210 YOB:1985	Assistant Treasurer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 2/24	Vice President, State Street Global Advisors (2023 – present); Assistant Vice President, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (2011 – 2023).
BRIAN HARRIS SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1973	Chief Compliance Officer; Anti-Money Laundering Officer; Code of Ethics Compliance Officer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 7/16	Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (June 2013 – present).*
ANDREW J. DELORME SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1975	Chief Legal Officer	Term: Indefinite Served: since 2/24	Managing Director and Managing Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (March 2023 – present); Counsel, K&L Gates (February 2021 – March 2023); Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (August 2014 – February 2021).
DAVID BARR SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1974	Secretary	Term: Indefinite Served: since 9/20	Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (October 2019 – present); Vice President and Counsel, Eaton Vance Corp. (October 2010 – October 2019).
E. GERARD MAIORANA, JR. SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1971	Assistant Secretary	Term: Indefinite Served: since 5/23	Assistant Vice President, State Street Global Advisors (July 2014 – present).
DAVID URMAN SSGA Funds Management, Inc. One Iron Street Boston, MA 02210 YOB: 1985	Assistant Secretary	Term: Indefinite Served: since 8/19	Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (April 2019 – present); Vice President and Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (August 2015 – April 2019).

Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.

The By-Laws of the Trust provide that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is or was a Trustee of the Trust against all expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceedings if the person in good faith and reasonably believes that his or her conduct was in the Trust's best interest. The Trust, at its expense, provides liability insurance for the benefit of its Trustees and officers.

Summary of Trustees' Qualifications

Following is a summary of the experience, attributes and skills which qualify each Trustee to serve on the Boards of Trustees of the Trust and State Street Master Funds.

Patrick J. Riley: Mr. Riley is an experienced business executive with over 46 years of experience in the legal and financial services industries; his experience includes service as a trustee or director of various investment companies and Associate Justice of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related committees of the Trust for 34 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Riley serves as a Trustee of the Navigator Trust, SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

John R. Costantino: In addition to his tenure as a board member of various other funds advised by SSGA FM, Mr. Costantino has over 34 years of private equity investing experience. He has also served as an officer or a board member of charitable organizations and public and private companies for over 33 years. Mr. Costantino is an attorney and a certified public accountant. Mr. Costantino serves as a Trustee of the Navigator Trust, SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds (independent chairperson through 2016) and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (independent chairperson through 2016).

Michael A. Jessee: Mr. Jessee is an experienced business executive with approximately 46 years of experience in the banking industry. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston as well as various senior executive positions of major banks. Mr. Jessee has served on the Navigator Trust's Board of Trustees and related committees for 27 years and possesses significant experience regarding the Trust's operations and history. Mr. Jessee also serves as a Trustee of the Navigator Trust, SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

Margaret K. McLaughlin: Ms. McLaughlin has over 26 years of experience she has gained in a variety of roles encompassing regulatory, operating, legal, and compliance functions, serving both firms and their boards. Ms. McLaughlin formerly served as a founding member of the executive management team for Kramer Van Kirk Credit Strategies L.P. and its technology affiliate, Mariana Systems LLC, where she was integrally involved in corporate strategy, operational oversight, risk management and board governance. Prior to Kramer Van Kirk, Ms. McLaughlin was Assistant General Counsel to Harris Associates L.P., where she was responsible for legal, regulatory and compliance activities related to the Oakmark Mutual Funds. Ms. McLaughlin has an extensive understanding and perspective on governance, oversight, regulation, policies and procedures from these positions as well as her prior experience with both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. Most recently, Ms. McLaughlin has held consulting positions at major private equity and management consulting firms. Ms. McLaughlin serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

George M. Pereira: Mr. Pereira has over thirty-one years of experience in executive management with financial institutions, including extensive experience relating to financial reporting, operations, cybersecurity oversight, and enterprise risk management. Mr. Pereira recently retired from Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc., having served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer during his tenure. Previously, Mr. Pereira also served as Head of Financial Reporting for Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Earlier in his career, Mr. Pereira gained valuable regulatory experience and perspective while serving as managing director at the New York Stock Exchange. With this professional experience, Mr. Pereira has developed wide-ranging expertise in building and managing financial, operational, technology and risk control platforms for growth and scale within the financial services industry. Additionally, Mr. Pereira is a member of the Latino Corporate Directors Association. Mr. Pereira serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

Donna M. Rapaccioli: Ms. Rapaccioli has over 34 years of service as a full-time member of the business faculty at Fordham University, where she developed and taught undergraduate and graduate courses, including International Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis, has taught at the executive MBA level and served as Dean of the Gabelli School of Business for 15 years. She has served on Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation team visits, lectured on accounting and finance topics and consulted for numerous investment banks. Ms. Rapaccioli also serves as a Trustee of the Navigator Trust, SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

Mark E. Swanson: Mr. Swanson has over 26 years of experience in executive management with financial services institutions, including extensive experience relating to, fund operations, financial reporting, fund accounting, and fund services. Mr. Swanson recently retired from Russell Investments, having served most recently as the Global Head of Fund Services. Additionally, Mr. Swanson served as Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Russell Investment Company (“RIC”) and Russell Investment Funds (“RIF”). Previously, Mr. Swanson served as Global Head of Fund Operations for Russell, as well as serving in different directorships with RIC, RIF and other Russell entities. Mr. Swanson serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Trusts, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Funds, Inc.

References to the experience, attributes and skills of Trustees above are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.

Standing Committees

The Board of Trustees has established various committees to facilitate the timely and efficient consideration of various matters of importance to Independent Trustees, the Trust, and the Trust's shareholders and to facilitate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Currently, the Board has created an Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Valuation Committee, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (the “QLCC”).

The Audit Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee meets twice a year, or more often as required, in conjunction with meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee oversees and monitors the Trust's internal accounting and control structure, its auditing function and its financial reporting process. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting and retaining the independent accountants for the Trust. The Audit Committee is responsible for approving the audit plans, fees and other material arrangements in respect of the engagement of the independent accountants, including non-audit services performed. The Audit Committee reviews the qualifications of the independent accountant's key personnel involved in the foregoing activities and monitors the independent accountant's independence. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Audit Committee held four meetings.

Each of the Governance Committee and the Nominating Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the Governance Committee and the Nominating Committee are to review and evaluate the composition and performance of the Board; make nominations for membership on the Board and committees; review the responsibilities of each committee; and review governance procedures, compensation of Independent Trustees, and independence of outside counsel to the Trustees. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees to the Board recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter and should be submitted in writing to the Trust, to the attention of the Trust's Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Trust. Shareholder recommendations must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Trust not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee candidate would be considered for election. The Governance Committee performs an annual self-evaluation of Board members. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee held three combined meetings.

The Valuation Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The Valuation Committee's primary purpose is to review the actions and recommendations of the Adviser's Oversight Committee no less often than quarterly. The Trust has established procedures and guidelines for valuing portfolio securities and making fair value determinations from time to time through the Valuation Committee, with the assistance of the Oversight Committee, State Street and SSGA FM. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Valuation Committee held four meetings.

The QLCC is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the QLCC are to receive quarterly reports from the CCO; to oversee generally the Trust's responses to regulatory inquiries; and to investigate matters referred to it by the Chief Legal Officer and make recommendations to the Board regarding the implementation of an appropriate response to evidence of a material violation of the securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers or the Trustees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the QLCC held four meetings.

Leadership Structure and Risk Management Oversight

The Board has chosen to select different individuals as Chairperson of the Board of the Trust, as Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of the Committees of the Board, and as President of the Trust. Currently, Mr. Riley, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board, Ms. Rapaccioli serves as Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Mr. Costantino serves as Chairperson of the QLCC, Mr. Jessee serves as Chairperson of the Valuation Committee, and Mr. Pereira serves as Chairperson of each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee.

Ms. McLaughlin serves as Vice-Chairperson of the Audit Committee and Vice-Chairperson of the QLCC, Mr. Swanson serves as Vice-Chairperson of the Valuation Committee, and Ms. Rapaccioli serves as Vice-Chairperson of each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee. Ms. Carpenter, who is an employee of the Adviser, serves as

President of the Trust. The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate. Ms. Carpenter is available to provide the Board with insight regarding the Trust's day-to-day management when requested, while Mr. Riley provides an independent perspective on the Trust's overall operation and Ms. Rapaccioli provides a specialized perspective on audit matters.

The Board has delegated management of the Trust to service providers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks applicable to the Trust. The Board oversees risk management for the Trust in several ways. The Board receives regular reports from both the CCO and administrator for the Trust, detailing the results of the Trust's compliance with its Board-adopted policies and procedures, the investment policies and limitations of the Funds, and applicable provisions of the federal securities laws and the Code. As needed, the Adviser discusses management issues regarding the Trust with the Board, soliciting the Board's input on many aspects of management, including potential risks to the Funds. The Board's Audit Committee also receives reports on various aspects of risk that might affect the Trust and offers advice to management, as appropriate. The Trustees also meet in executive session with the independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, the independent registered public accounting firm, counsel to the Trust, the CCO and representatives of management, as needed. Through these regular reports and interactions, the Board oversees the risk management parameters for the Trust, which are effected on a day-to-day basis by service providers to the Trust.

Trustee Ownership of Securities of the Trust, Adviser and Distributor

As of December 31, 2023 none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members had any ownership of securities of the Adviser, State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (“SSGA FD” or the “Distributor”), the Trust's distributor, or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser or SSGA FD.

The following table sets forth information describing the dollar range of the Trust's equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2023.

Name of Independent Trustee	Dollar Range Of Equity Securities In The Funds	Aggregate Dollar Range Of Equity Securities In All Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustees In Family of Investment Companies
Patrick J. Riley	None	Over $100,000
John R Costantino	None	None
Michael A. Jessee	None	None
Margaret McLaughlin	None	None
George M. Pereira	None	None
Donna M. Rapaccioli	None	None
Mark E. Swanson(1)	None	None

(1)

Mr. Swanson was appointed as an Independent Trustee effective March 2, 2023.

Trustee Compensation

Independent Trustees are compensated on a calendar year basis. Any Trustee who is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds does not receive compensation from the Funds for his or her service as a Trustee. As of January 1, 2024, except as noted below, each Independent Trustee will receive for his or her services to the State Street Master Funds, the Trust, SSGA Funds, the Elfun Funds, Navigator Trust, State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (together, the “Fund Entities”) a $390,000 annual base retainer in addition to $25,000 for each special in-person meeting and $5,000 for each special telephonic meeting from the Trust. The Chairperson of the Board receives an additional $100,000 annual retainer. As of January 1, 2023, the total annual compensation paid to the Independent Trustees (other than telephonic and special meeting fees) will be allocated to each Fund Entity as follows: a fixed amount of $21,000 is allocated to each Fund Entity or, if applicable, each series thereof; and the remainder will be allocated among the Fund Entities or, if applicable, each series thereof based on relative net assets excluding, however, any feeder fund that invests in a master fund that is a Fund Entity or series thereof. The Independent Trustees are reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with meeting attendance. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees were not paid pension or retirement benefits as part of the Trust's expenses.

The Trust's officers are compensated by the Adviser and its affiliates.

The following table sets forth the total remuneration of Trustees and officers of the Trust for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:

Name of Trustee	Aggregate Compensation from the Trust	Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Trust Expenses	Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement	Total Compensation from the Trust and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees
Independent Trustees:
Patrick J. Riley	$124,424	$0	$0	$450,000
John R. Costantino	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
Michael A. Jessee	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
Donna M. Rapaccioli	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
Richard D. Shirk(1)	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
Margaret McLaughlin	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
George M. Pereira	$99,539	$0	$0	$360,000
Mark E. Swanson(2)	$77,617	$0	$0	$300,000

(1)

Mr. Shirk served as a Trustee until December 31, 2023.

(2)

Mr. Swanson was appointed as Trustee effective March 2, 2023.

Proxy Voting Procedures

The Board has delegated the responsibility to vote proxies on securities held by the Funds and Portfolios to the Adviser for all Funds and Portfolios, subject to certain exceptions. The Board has retained authority to vote proxies for certain bank and bank holding company securities (“Bank Securities”) that may be held by one or more Funds and Portfolios from time to time. The Board has adopted the Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.'s (“ISS”) benchmark proxy voting policy with respect to voting such Bank Securities' proxies. The Board has retained this authority in order to permit the Adviser to utilize exemptions from limitations arising under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, that might otherwise prevent the Adviser from investing a Fund' or Portfolio's s assets in Bank Securities.

Certain Funds and Portfolios that employ an equity index strategy (each such Fund, an “Eligible Fund” and, collectively, the “Eligible Funds”) participate in a proxy voting program (the “Program”) administered by the Adviser through which Eligible Fund shareholders identified by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (as described below) have the option of selecting an alternative, third-party proxy voting policy that the Fund will use to vote proxies on securities, including Bank Securities, corresponding to the percentage of the Eligible Fund owned by the shareholder as of the record date of the applicable shareholder meeting. The proxy voting policies made available through the Program comprise proxy voting policies maintained by ISS (each such proxy voting policy, a “Program Proxy Voting Policy”). If an Eligible Fund shareholder does not make a Program Proxy Voting Policy selection, the Eligible Fund's proxies corresponding to the percentage of such shareholder's ownership of the Eligible Fund will be voted in accordance with the Adviser's proxy voting policy, except with respect to proxies on Bank Securities, which will be voted in accordance with the ISS benchmark proxy voting policy. In an unusual case, the Adviser may override a vote that would otherwise be made pursuant to a Program Proxy Voting Policy if the Adviser determines that it is not in the best interests of the Eligible Fund and its shareholders to vote pursuant to such Program Proxy Voting Policy. This might be the case, for example, if the Adviser becomes aware that ISS is planning to vote in a way that creates material concerns related to a conflict of interest with ISS; if the Adviser believes that the voting position, if successful, might have a material impact on an Eligible Fund's ability to trade the security; if the Adviser determines that sanctions affecting a company or an individual prevent such a vote; if issuer specific documentation or market confirmation is required; or if the Adviser determines that custodial restrictions or expenses make voting in accordance with the policy inadvisable or impracticable. In the unusual event the Adviser overrides a proxy vote that would otherwise be made pursuant to a Program Proxy Voting Policy, such proxy will be voted in accordance with the Adviser's proxy voting policy, except with respect to proxies on Bank Securities, which will be voted in accordance with the ISS benchmark proxy voting policy.

As a shareholder of a Portfolio, each of the Feeder Funds that invests in a Portfolio that is an Eligible Fund (each such Feeder Fund, an “Eligible Feeder Fund” and each such Portfolio, an “Eligible Portfolio”) will pass through to its eligible shareholders the ability to participate in in the Program. Eligible Feeder Fund shareholders will have the option of selecting a Program Proxy Voting Policy that the Eligible Feeder Fund will then select as its Program Proxy Voting Policy

with respect to the portion of Eligible Portfolio beneficial interests owned by the Feeder Fund that corresponds to the percentage of Eligible Feeder Fund shares beneficially owned by the shareholder. The Eligible Portfolio will vote proxies on securities, including Bank Securities, using the Program Proxy Voting Policies corresponding to the percentage of the Eligible Portfolio beneficial interests owned by the Eligible Feeder Fund as of the record date of the applicable shareholder meeting. The Adviser has engaged Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”) to periodically, but at least annually, identify beneficial owners of Eligible Fund shares held through a financial intermediary for participation in the Program. Eligible Fund shareholders that hold Eligible Fund shares in an account directly with the Eligible Fund and not through a financial intermediary currently are not able to participate in the Program. Eligible Fund shareholders that do not own their Eligible Fund shares as of the most recent date used by Broadridge for shareholder identification purposes will not be able to participate in the Program (but may be eligible to participate in the future if identified as an Eligible Fund shareholder by Broadridge at a later date). It is also possible that some Eligible Fund shareholders that own Eligible Fund shares as of the most recent date used by Broadridge for shareholder identification purposes may not be able to participate in the Program if the beneficial ownership information for their shares is not immediately available to Broadridge (e.g., where a shareholder's financial intermediary is not part of Broadridge's network of financial intermediaries that provides shareholder information to Broadridge or where a shareholder has objected to its financial intermediary releasing the shareholder's personal information to issuers for proxy voting purposes). Eligible Fund shareholders identified by Broadridge will receive a communication that will invite such shareholders to participate in the Program by selecting a Program Proxy Voting Policy on the Program's website. Shareholders should carefully read Program communications and the Program's website for more details regarding how Eligible Fund shareholders may participate in the Program, how Eligible Fund shareholders may change or cancel their Program Proxy Voting Policy selection, risk factors associated with the Program and how an Eligible Fund shareholder's selection of a specific Program Proxy Voting Policy will be implemented. Shareholders may call 1-866-787-2257 for a list of Funds that are currently participating in the Program.

Each of the Trust's and the Adviser's proxy voting policy, ISS' benchmark proxy voting policy, as well as each Program Proxy Voting Policy, is attached as an appendix to this SAI. Information regarding how a Fund and a Portfolio voted proxies relating to its portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available: (1) without charge by calling 1-866-787-2257; (2) on the Funds' and Portfolios' website at https://www.ssga.com/us/en/intermediary/ic; and (3) on the SEC's website at https://www.sec.gov.

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

As of March 31, 2024, the Trustees and officers of the Trust owned in the aggregate less than 1% of the shares of each class (if applicable) of each Fund.

Persons or organizations owning 25% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund may be presumed to “control” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) a Fund. As a result, these persons or organizations could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the shareholders of such Fund for their approval.

As of March 31, 2024, to the knowledge of the Trust, the following persons held of record or beneficially through one or more accounts 25% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund.

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	63.65 %
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class I Reliance Trust CO FBO Comerica Non-EB R/R P.O. Box 570788 Atlanta, GA 30357-3114	43.7 %
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class K National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	26.91 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Administrative Shares American United Life Insurance Company C/O American Unit Trust Attn: Separate Accounts P.O. Box 368 Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368	99.81 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	94.61 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Service Shares Nationwide Trust Company FSB FBO Participating Retirement Plans NTC/PLNS C/O IPO Portfolio Accounting P.O. Box 182029 Columbus, OH 43218-2029	99.59 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class R American United Life Insurance Company C/O American Unit Trust Attn: Separate Accounts P.O. Box 368 Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368	85.54 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class I SEI Private Trust Company C/O Principal Financial ID 636 Attn: Mutual Fund Administrator One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989	42.53 %
State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	27.13 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class K State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	31.1 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	89.1 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class I Reliance Trust CO FBO Comerica Non-EB R/R P.O. Box 570788 Atlanta, GA 30357-3114	88.04 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class K TIAA-CREFF TIAA Trust, N.A. as CUST/TTEE Retirement Plans For Which TIAA Acts As Recordkeeper Attn Fund Operations 8500 Andrew Carnegie Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262-8500	25.01 %
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	72.58 %
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class I SEI Private Trust Company C/O Principal Financial ID 636 Attn: Mutual Fund Administrator One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989	82.85 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class K National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	37.6 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	94.67 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	40.81 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	98.68 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	99.37 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	42.13 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	97.99 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	42.63 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.14 %
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	92.01 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	44.04 %
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	93.3 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	43.24 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.02 %
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	99.69 %
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	43.58 %
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.82 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	79.13 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	39.55 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.89 %
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class I State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	39.45 %

Name and Address	Percentage
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	31.99 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	28.48 %
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	34.15 %
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.92 %
State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	85.87 %
State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.97 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class I SSGA Private Funds LLC Attn Fund Services Team 1 Lincoln St Boston, MA 02111-2901	78.4 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class K BNY Mellon Asset Servicing MAC & Co A/C 471730 Attn: Mutual Fund Operations Room 151-1010 500 Grant Street Pittsburgh PA 15219-2502	32.17 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Balanced Index Fund-Class K SSGA Private Funds LLC Attn Fund Services Team 1 Lincoln St Boston, MA 02111-2901	96.62 %
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	32.9 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	90.82 %
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.46 %
State Street Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund-Class K Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	69.28 %
State Street Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund-Class K Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	93.15 %

As of March 31, 2024, to the knowledge of the Trust, the following persons held of record or beneficially through one or more accounts 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund.

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	63.65 %
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class I Reliance Trust CO FBO Comerica Non-EB R/R P.O. Box 570788 Atlanta, GA 30357-3114	43.7 %
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co as Custodian for 0540062 140 Broadway St New York, NY 010005-1108	17.56 %
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co as Custodian for 8078511 140 Broadway St New York, NY 010005-1108	8.02 %
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. As Custodian for Dreyfus Sons & CO LTD Omnibus account 8052003 CASH 140 Broadway St. New York, NY 010005-1108	5.98 %
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. As Custodian For Banque Pictet & Cie SA, Ref: FACTA WHT 30% 6661318 140 Broadway New York, NY 10005-1108	5.2 %
State Street Aggregate Bond Index Fund- Class K National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	26.91 %
Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	18.69 %

Name and Address	Percentage
TIAA-CREFF TIAA Trust, N.A. as CUST/TTEE Retirement Plans For Which TIAA Acts As Recordkeeper Attn Fund Operations 8500 Andrew Carnegie Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262-8500	11.75 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Administrative Shares American United Life Insurance Company C/O American Unit Trust Attn: Separate Accounts P.O. Box 368 Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368	99.81 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	94.61 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Service Shares Nationwide Trust Company FSB FBO Participating Retirement Plans NTC/PLNS C/O IPO Portfolio Accounting P.O. Box 182029 Columbus, OH 43218-2029	99.59 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class R American United Life Insurance Company C/O American Unit Trust Attn: Separate Accounts P.O. Box 368 Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368	85.54 %
American United Life Insurance Company Group Retirement Account II Attn: Separate Accounts P.O. Box 368 Indianapolis, IN 46206-0368	14.46 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class I SEI Private Trust Company C/O Principal Financial ID 636 Attn: Mutual Fund Administrator One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989	42.53 %
State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	27.13 %
Reliance Trust CO FBO Comerica Non-EB R/R P.O. Box 570788 Atlanta, GA 30357-3114	16.6 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	9.32 %
State Street Equity 500 Index Fund- Class K State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	31.1 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	18.62 %

Name and Address	Percentage
TIAA-CREFF TIAA Trust, N.A. as CUST/TTEE Retirement Plans For Which TIAA Acts As Recordkeeper Attn Fund Operations 8500 Andrew Carnegie Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262-8500	13.53 %
MSCS Financial Services, LLC Amanda Yohannes TTEE Capinco C/O US Bank NA UA DTD 02/21/2020 FBO Harold Bloom P.O. BOX 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787	6.18 %
Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	6.02 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	89.1 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class I Reliance Trust CO FBO Comerica Non-EB R/R P.O. Box 570788 Atlanta, GA 30357-3114	88.04 %
Pershing LLC P.O. Box 2052 Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052	10.24 %
State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund- Class K TIAA-CREFF TIAA Trust, N.A. as CUST/TTEE Retirement Plans For Which TIAA Acts As Recordkeeper Attn Fund Operations 8500 Andrew Carnegie Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262-8500	25.01 %
MSCS Financial Services, LLC Attn: Mutual Funds Admin C/O ID 370 SEI Private Trust Company One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989	24.5 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	17.88 %
MSCS Financial Services, LLC Capinco C/O US Bank NA 1555 N Rivercenter Dr Ste 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958	5.37 %
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class A State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	72.58 %
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class I SEI Private Trust Company C/O Principal Financial ID 636 Attn: Mutual Fund Administrator One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989	82.85 %

Name and Address	Percentage
Pershing LLC P.O. Box 2052 Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052	6.81 %
State Street Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund -Class K National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	37.6 %
TIAA-CREFF TIAA Trust, N.A. as CUST/TTEE Retirement Plans For Which TIAA Acts As Recordkeeper Attn Fund Operations 8500 Andrew Carnegie Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262-8500	23.39 %
T Rowe Price Retirement Reliance Trust Company FBO P.O. Box 78446 Atlanta, GA 30357	8.4 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	94.67 %
Pershing LLC P.O. Box 2052 Jersey City, NJ 07303-2052	5.33 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	40.81 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	15.06 %
DCGT as TTEE and/or CUST FBO PLIC Various Retirement Plans Omnibus Attn NPIO Trade Desk Attn NPIO Trade Desk 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001	7.1 %
State Street Target Retirement 2020 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	98.68 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	99.37 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	42.13 %

Name and Address	Percentage
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	12.2 %
State Street Target Retirement 2025 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	97.99 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	42.63 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	9.57 %
DCGT as TTEE and/or CUST FBO PLIC Various Retirement Plans Omnibus Attn NPIO Trade Desk Attn NPIO Trade Desk 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001	6.54 %
State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.14 %
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	92.01 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	7.6 %
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	44.04 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	8.54 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	5.66 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement 2035 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	93.3 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	43.24 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	7.48 %
DCGT as TTEE and/or CUST FBO PLIC Various Retirement Plans Omnibus Attn NPIO Trade Desk Attn NPIO Trade Desk 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001	6.87 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	5.65 %
State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.02 %
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	99.69 %
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	43.58 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	6.75 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	6.41 %
Mid Atlantic Trust Company FBO Paychex Pooled Employer 401(K) 1251 Waterfront Place, Suite 525 Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228	5.38 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement 2045 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.82 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	79.13 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	17.06 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	39.55 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	6.66 %
Mid Atlantic Trust Company FBO Paychex Pooled Employer 401(K) 1251 Waterfront Place, Suite 525 Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228	6.31 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	6.09 %
DCGT as TTEE and/or CUST FBO PLIC Various Retirement Plans Omnibus Attn NPIO Trade Desk Attn NPIO Trade Desk 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001	5.52 %
State Street Target Retirement 2050 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.89 %
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class I State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	39.45 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	31.99 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	28.48 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	34.15 %
Mid Atlantic Trust Company FBO Paychex Pooled Employer 401(K) 1251 Waterfront Place, Suite 525 Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228	7.59 %
BNY Mellon Asset Servicing MAC & CO A/C 471712 Attn: Mutual Fund Operations Room 151-1010 500 Grant Street Pittsburgh PA 15219-2502	7.12 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	6.79 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	6.74 %
DCGT as TTEE and/or CUST FBO PLIC Various Retirement Plans Omnibus Attn NPIO Trade Desk Attn NPIO Trade Desk 711 High Street Des Moines, IA 50392-0001	5.28 %
State Street Target Retirement 2055 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.92 %
State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	85.87 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	9.53 %
State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	22.65 %
Mid Atlantic Trust Company FBO Paychex Pooled Employer 401(K) 1251 Waterfront Place, Suite 525 Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4228	12.96 %
BNY Mellon Asset Servicing MAC & CO A/C 471727 Attn: Mutual Fund Operations Room 151-1010 500 Grant Street Pittsburgh PA 15219-2502	11.99 %

Name and Address	Percentage
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	5.3 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	5.08 %
State Street Target Retirement 2060 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.97 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class I SSGA Private Funds LLC Attn Fund Services Team 1 Lincoln St Boston, MA 02111-2901	78.4 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	10.83 %
GWFS Equities Inc. Empower Trust FBO Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002	10.77 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class K BNY Mellon Asset Servicing MAC & Co A/C 471730 Attn: Mutual Fund Operations Room 151-1010 500 Grant Street Pittsburgh PA 15219-2502	32.17 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	18.03 %
BNY Mellon Asset Servicing MAC & CO A/C 992756 Attn: Mutual Fund Operations Room 151-1010 500 Grant Street Pittsburgh PA 15219-2502	6.86 %
MSCS Financial Services, LLC Matrix Trust Company Trustee FBO Eplan SVCS Group Trust P.O. Box 52129 Phoenix, Az 85072-2129	5.85 %
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	100 %
State Street Balanced Index Fund-Class K SSGA Private Funds LLC Attn Fund Services Team 1 Lincoln St Boston, MA 02111-2901	96.62 %

Name and Address	Percentage
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class K National Financial Services Corporation For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn Mutual Funds 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	32.9 %
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust CO FBO 401K Clients Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 VM L20 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	13.78 %
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class I National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	90.82 %
MSCS Financial Services, LLC Matrix Trust Company Trustee FBO RCG LLC 401(K) Plan 717 17th Street Suite 1300 Denver, CO 80202-3304	7.43 %
State Street Target Retirement Fund-Class R3 State Street Bank & Trust as Trustee and/or Cust FBO ADP Access Product 1 Lincoln St. Boston, MA 02111-2900	99.46 %
State Street Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund-Class K Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	69.28 %
National Financial Services LLC For the exclusive benefit of our customers Attn Mutual Funds Department 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995	11.02 %
Charles Schwab & Co Inc. Special Cust A/C FBO our Customers Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery street San Francisco, CA 94104-4151	10.23 %
State Street Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund-Class K Goldman Sachs & Co C/O Mutual Funds OPS 222 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, UT 84101-2199	93.15 %

Investment Advisory and Other Services

Investment Advisory Agreement

SSGA FM is responsible for the investment management of the Funds pursuant to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 17, 2015, as amended from time to time (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and between the Adviser and the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company. State Street is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation.

For the services provided under the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays the Adviser a fee at an annual rate set forth below of the Fund's average daily net assets.

Fund	Fee Rate
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	0.025 %
Balanced Index Fund	0.05 %
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	0.14 %
Equity 500 Index Fund	0.02 %
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	0.06 %
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	0.14 %
International Developed Equity Index Fund	0.11 %
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	0.03 %
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	0.05 %
Target Retirement Fund	0.05 %

Each Feeder Fund currently invests all of its assets in a related Portfolio, which has substantially similar investment strategies as the relevant Fund. The Equity 500 Index II Portfolio, Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio, Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Portfolio, and the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Portfolio pay no investment advisory fees to SSGA FM.

For the Aggregate Bond Index Fund, the Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio, the Equity 500 Index Fund, the Equity 500 Index II Portfolio, the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund, the Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Portfolio, the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund, the Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Portfolio, the International Developed Index Fund, the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, and the Hedged International Developed Index Fund, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive up to the portion of the advisory fee and/or expenses attributable to the Funds' or the Portfolios' acquired fund fees and expenses, excluding acquired fund fees and expenses derived from the Funds' or Portfolios' holdings in acquired funds for cash management purposes.

For the Balanced Index Fund per the services provided under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee at an annual rate of 0.05% of the Fund's average daily net assets.

For the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund and the International Developed Equity Index Fund, the amount each Fund pays under its Investment Advisory Agreement is reduced by the amount of the advisory fee it bears indirectly through its investment in the International Developed Equity Index Portfolio. For the services provided under its Investment Advisory Agreement, the Portfolio pays the Adviser a management fee at the annual rate of 0.11% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets.

The Advisory Agreement will continue from year to year provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, and (b) vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Adviser or the Trust without penalty upon sixty days' notice and will terminate automatically upon its assignment.

The Adviser and its affiliates may have deposit, loan and other commercial banking relationships with the issuers of obligations that may be purchased on behalf of the Funds, including outstanding loans to such issuers that could be repaid in whole or in part with the proceeds of securities so purchased. Such affiliates deal, trade and invest for their own accounts in such obligations and are among the leading dealers of various types of such obligations. The Adviser has informed the Funds that, in making its investment decisions, it will not obtain or use material non-public information in its possession or in the possession of any of its affiliates. In making investment recommendations for a Fund, the Adviser will

not inquire or take into consideration whether an issuer of securities proposed for purchase or sale by the Fund is a customer of the Adviser, its parent or its subsidiaries or affiliates and, in dealing with its customers, the Adviser, its parent, subsidiaries and affiliates will not inquire or take into consideration whether securities of such customers were held by any fund managed by the Adviser or any such affiliate.

In certain instances, there may be securities that are suitable for a Fund as well as for one or more of the Adviser's other clients. Investment decisions for the Trust and for the Adviser's other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. The Trust recognizes that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as a Fund is concerned. However, it is believed that the ability of each Fund to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds.

The advisory fees paid to SSGA FM for the last three fiscal years are as follows.

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$184,362	$152,091	$140,367
Balanced Index Fund	$1,871	$—	$—
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$846,898	$1,045,110	$1,248,080
Equity 500 Index Fund	$841,011	$656,771	$558,597
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$777,600	$670,847	$583,715
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	$4,570,952	$5,746,363	$5,825,774
International Developed Equity Index Fund(1)	$—	$—	$—
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$132,436	$109,694	$107,142
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$446,410	$447,164	$469,961
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$889,000	$817,148	$775,356
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$1,184,698	$993,294	$893,879
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$1,118,615	$905,628	$795,783
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$1,014,793	$807,491	$716,612
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$898,356	$686,487	$585,911
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$722,183	$512,759	$416,862
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$508,473	$337,699	$248,221
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$300,756	$175,833	$114,697
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$71,749	$31,222	$9,683
Target Retirement Fund	$321,223	$306,217	$301,176

(1)

The International Developed Equity Index Fund has not yet commenced operations.

From time to time, the Adviser may contractually agree to waive the advisory fee and/or reimburse certain Fund expenses in excess of a certain percentage of average daily net assets on an annual basis (an “expense limitation”). The amount of advisory fees waived and/or reimbursed during the last three fiscal years are shown below.

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$879,619	$780,471	$564,132
Balanced Index Fund	$52,334	$—	$—
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$843,391	$1,207,827	$1,135,049
Equity 500 Index Fund	$3,528,078	$2,742,824	$2,138,050
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$2,249,871	$1,814,506	$1,596,750
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	$5,268,166	$6,539,343	$6,373,153
International Developed Equity Index Fund(1)	$—	$—	$—
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$489,703	$458,467	$381,985
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$1,377,105	$1,454,097	$1,419,642
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$2,359,531	$2,212,156	$1,922,610
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$2,494,736	$2,130,378	$1,731,460

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$1,909,785	$1,676,231	$1,372,153
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$1,515,831	$1,338,529	$1,133,921
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$1,405,992	$1,252,125	$1,023,593
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$1,263,073	$1,085,967	$841,507
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$1,015,829	$870,893	$655,351
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$835,104	$699,178	$515,056
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$337,606	$259,121	$232,052
Target Retirement Fund	$1,095,438	$1,115,266	$1,084,717

(1)

The International Developed Equity Index Fund has not yet commenced operations.

Total Annual Fund Operating Expense Waivers and Reimbursements. The Adviser has contractually agreed with the Trust, through April 30, 2025 to (1) waive advisory fees and/or (2) reimburse the Funds for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (subject to certain exclusions as described in each Fund's Prospectus) exceed the following percentage of average daily net assets on an annual basis with respect to the Funds.:

Fund	Expense Limitation
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	0.025 %
Balanced Index Fund	0.05 %
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	0.12 %
Equity 500 Index Fund	0.02 %
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	0.015 %
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	0.15 %
International Developed Equity Index Fund	0.09 %
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	0.045 %
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	0.09 %
Target Retirement Fund	0.09 %

Administrator

SSGA FM serves as the administrator for the Funds pursuant to an Amended and Restated Administration Agreement. Under the Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, SSGA FM is obligated to continuously provide business management services to the Trust and the Funds and will generally, subject to the general oversight of the Trustees and except as otherwise provided in the Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, manage all of the business and affairs of the Trust. The nature and amount of services provided by SSGA FM under the Amended and Restated Administration Agreement may vary as between classes of shares of a Fund, and a Fund may pay fees to SSGA FM under that Agreement at different rates in respect of its different share classes. The Funds reimburse SSGA FM for certain out-of-pocket travel expenses of the CCO and compliance team incurred on the Funds' behalf.

As consideration for SSGA FM's services as administrator with respect to each Fund, SSGA FM receives a fee at the annual rate of 0.05% of the average daily net assets attributable to each class of shares of the Fund. The fees are accrued daily at the rate of 1/365th and payable monthly on the first business day of each month.

The administration fees paid to SSGA FM as the administrator for the last three fiscal years are set forth in the table below:

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$368,725	$304,182	$280,735
Balanced Index Fund	$1,871	$—	$—
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$302,463	$373,254	$445,743
Equity 500 Index Fund	$2,102,527	$1,641,927	$1,396,492
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$648,000	$559,039	$486,430
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	$1,632,483	$2,052,272	$2,080,634
International Developed Equity Index Fund(1)	$—	$—	$—
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$220,726	$182,824	$178,570
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$446,410	$447,164	$469,961
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$889,000	$817,148	$775,356
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$1,184,698	$993,294	$893,879
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$1,118,615	$905,628	$795,783
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$1,014,793	$807,491	$716,612
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$898,356	$686,487	$585,910
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$722,183	$512,759	$416,862
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$508,473	$337,699	$248,221
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$300,756	$175,833	$114,699
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$71,749	$31,222	$9,683
Target Retirement Fund	$321,223	$306,217	$301,176

(1)

The International Developed Equity Index Fund has not yet commenced operations.

SUB-ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODY AND FUND ACCOUNTING

State Street serves as the sub-administrator for the Trust, pursuant to a sub-administration agreement dated June 1, 2015 (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”). State Street serves as the custodian for the Trust, pursuant to a custody agreement dated April 11, 2012 (the “Custody Agreement”). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain sub-administrative services to the Trust. Under the Custody Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain custody services to the Trust, as well as basic portfolio recordkeeping required by the Trust for regulatory and financial reporting purposes. State Street is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company, and is affiliated with the Adviser. State Street's mailing address is State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2900.

State Street receives an annual fee from the Adviser (payable monthly), as consideration for sub-administration services provided to each Fund, except for the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund (the “Stand-Alone Fund”). As consideration for custody and fund accounting services, each Fund, except the Stand-Alone Fund, pays State Street an annual fee (payable monthly) based on the average monthly net assets of each Fund. As consideration for sub-administration, custody and fund accounting services provided to the Stand-Alone Fund, the Adviser and the Stand-Alone Fund each pays State Street a portion of the annual fee (payable monthly). Each Fund also pays State Street transaction and service fees for these services and reimburses State Street for out-of-pocket expenses.

The sub-administration (if applicable), custodian and fund accounting fees paid by certain Funds to State Street for the last three fiscal years are set forth in the table below.

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$36,170	$36,379	$38,390
Balanced Index Fund	$2,572	$—	$—
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$412,780	$688,528	$602,058
Equity 500 Index Fund	$49,074	$46,200	$47,927
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$36,186	$36,249	$39,495
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	$251,961	$187,846	$175,931
International Developed Equity Index Fund(1)	$—	$—	$—
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$36,166	$36,296	$38,223
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$51,878	$57,708	$49,523

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$51,214	$56,659	$49,259
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$51,957	$56,188	$48,838
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$51,658	$56,201	$48,446
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$51,657	$55,858	$48,352
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$51,602	$55,947	$48,367
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$51,441	$56,453	$48,410
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$51,623	$56,216	$48,514
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$51,944	$56,404	$48,517
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$54,343	$54,056	$48,754
Target Retirement Fund	$53,323	$56,380	$58,810

(1)

The International Developed Equity Index Fund has not yet commenced operations .

Transfer Agent and Dividend Paying Agent

SS&C GIDS, Inc. serves as the Transfer and Dividend Paying Agent. SS&C GIDS, Inc. is paid for the following annual account services and activities including but not limited to: establishment and maintenance of each shareholder's account; closing an account; acceptance and processing of trade orders; preparation and transmission of payments for dividends and distributions declared by each Fund; customer service support including receipt of correspondence and responding to shareholder and financial intermediary inquiries; investigation services; tax related support; financial intermediary commission and fee payment processing; and charges related to compliance and regulatory services.

Portfolio fees are allocated to each Fund based on the average NAV of each Fund and are billable on a monthly basis at the rate of 1/12 of the annual fee. SS&C GIDS, Inc. is reimbursed by each Fund for supplying certain out-of-pocket expenses including confirmation statements, investor statements, banking fees, postage, forms, audio response, telephone, records retention, customized programming/enhancements, reports, transcripts, microfilm, microfiche, and expenses incurred at the specific direction of the Fund. SS&C GIDS, Inc. principal business address is 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, MA 02169.

Securities Lending

The Fund's Board has approved each Fund's participation in a securities lending program. Under the securities lending program, each Fund has retained State Street to serve as the securities lending agent.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the income earned by each Fund as well as the fees and/or compensation paid by each Fund (in dollars) pursuant to the Master Amended and Restated Securities Lending Authorization Agreement among SSGA Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, and State Street Master Funds, each on behalf of its respective series, and State Street (the “Securities Lending Authorization Agreement”) were as follows:

	Gross income earned by the Fund from securities lending activities	Fees and/or compensation paid by the Fund for securities lending activities and related services						Aggregate fees and/or compensation paid by the Fund for securities lending activities and related services	Net income from securities lending activities
		Fees paid to State Street from a revenue split	Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split	Admini- strative fees not included in a revenue split	Indemnifi- cation fees not included in a revenue split	Rebate (paid to borrower)	Other fees not included in a revenue split		Net income from securities lending activities
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$344,610	$15,510	$1,709	$0	$0	$203,617	$0	$220,836	$123,774

	Gross income earned by the Fund from securities lending activities	Fees and/or compensation paid by the Fund for securities lending activities and related services						Aggregate fees and/or compensation paid by the Fund for securities lending activities and related services	Net income from securities lending activities
		Fees paid to State Street from a revenue split	Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in a revenue split	Admini- strative fees not included in a revenue split	Indemnifi- cation fees not included in a revenue split	Rebate (paid to borrower)	Other fees not included in a revenue split		Net income from securities lending activities
State Street Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$15,504	$188	$132	$0	$0	$14,119	$0	$14,439	$1,065
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$2,100,416	$38,815	$15,386	$0	$0	$1,715,569	$0	$1,769,770	$330,647
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$3,284,329	$73,680	$23,826	$0	$0	$2,566,709	$0	$2,664,215	$620,115
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$2,914,113	$76,843	$20,717	$0	$0	$2,172,939	$0	$2,270,499	$643,614
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$1,955,499	$45,762	$14,144	$0	$0	$1,504,592	$0	$1,564,498	$391,001
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$377,763	$7,004	$2,808	$0	$0	$307,668	$0	$317,480	$60,283
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$150,464	$1,118	$1,154	$0	$0	$140,133	$0	$142,405	$8,059
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$71,581	$501	$544	$0	$0	$66,920	$0	$67,965	$3,616
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$55,525	$317	$411	$0	$0	$52,027	$0	$52,755	$2,770
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$91,499	$581	$674	$0	$0	$85,747	$0	$87,001	$4,499
Target Retirement Fund	$1,661,055	$29,834	$12,052	$0	$0	$1,374,879	$0	$1,416,764	$244,291

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, State Street, acting as agent of the Funds, provided the following services to the Funds in connection with the Funds' securities lending activities: (i) locating borrowers among an approved list of prospective borrowers; (ii) monitoring the value of loaned securities, the value of collateral received and other lending parameters; (iii) seeking additional collateral, as necessary, from borrowers; (iv) receiving and holding collateral from borrowers, and facilitating the investment and reinvestment of all or substantially all cash collateral in an investment vehicle designated by the Funds; (v) returning collateral to borrowers; (vi) facilitating substitute dividend, interest, and other distribution payments to the Funds from borrowers; (vii) negotiating the terms of each loan of securities, including but not limited to the amount of any loan premium, and monitoring the terms of securities loan agreements with prospective borrowers for consistency with the requirements of the Funds' Securities Lending Authorization Agreement; (viii) selecting securities, including amounts (percentages), to be loaned; (ix) recordkeeping and accounting servicing; and (x) arranging for return of loaned securities to the Fund in accordance with the terms of the Securities Lending Authorization Agreement.

Code of Ethics

The Adviser, SSGA FD and the Trust have each adopted a code of ethics (the Trust's code being referred to herein as the “Code of Ethics”) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics, by relying on the codes of the underlying service providers, permits personnel of the Funds' Adviser, Distributor and officers, subject to the provisions of the relevant code of ethics, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Adviser or the Trust. Under the relevant code of ethics, all employees or officers who are deemed to be access persons (persons who have interaction

with funds or accounts managed by the Adviser or SSGA FD as part of their job function) must pre-clear personal securities transactions. Each code of ethics is designed to ensure that employees conduct their personal securities transactions in a manner that does not create an actual or potential conflict of interest to the business or fiduciary responsibilities of the Trust's service providers or officers. In addition, the Code of Ethics establishes standards prohibiting the trading in or recommending of securities based on material, nonpublic information or the divulgence of such information to others.

Distributor

SSGA FD serves as the distributor of the Funds. SSGA FD is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. SSGA FD's mailing address is One Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210. The distribution expenses each Fund accrued to SSGA FD for the last three fiscal years are set forth in the table below.

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund
Class A Shares	$38,081	$31,398	$27,643
Balanced Index Fund
Class K Shares	$—	$—	$—
Equity 500 Index Fund
Administrative Shares	$225,103	$269,012	$372,960
Service Shares	$19,367	$16,808	$47,900
Class R Shares	$174,113	$186,061	$228,263
Class A Shares	$208,809	$202,636	$206,377
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund
Class A Shares	$33,008	$30,087	$29,385
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund
Class A Shares	$76,442	$84,102	$100,274
Target Retirement Fund	$7,187	$6,133	$—
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$33,197	$32,548	$—
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$29,389	$25,233	$—
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$74,775	$61,735	$—
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$35,154	$27,539	$—
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$59,724	$52,513	$—
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$33,454	$22,187	$—
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$44,003	$30,049	$—
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$26,548	$17,535	$—
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$11,094	$6,056	$—
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$886	$166	$—

Distribution Plan

To compensate SSGA FD for the services it provides and for the expenses it bears in connection with the distribution of shares of the Funds, SSGA FD will be entitled to receive any front-end sales load applicable to the sale of shares of the Fund. Each Fund may make payments from the assets attributable to certain classes of its shares to SSGA FD under a distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Distribution Plan”). The Distribution Plan is a compensation plan that provides for payments at annual rates (based on average daily net assets) described below. Because Rule 12b-1 Fees are paid on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales loads. The principal business address of SSGA FD is One Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210.

The Board, including all of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Distribution Plan or any related agreements, (the “Qualified Distribution Plan Trustees”) approved the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan will continue in effect with respect to a class of shares of a Fund only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of both a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Qualified Distribution Plan Trustees. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of a Fund's permitted expenses thereunder without the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of the affected share class and may not be materially amended in any case without a vote of the majority of both the Trustees and the Qualified Distribution Plan Trustees. As of

December 31, 2023 none of the Independent Trustees had a direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plan. The Distribution Plan calls for payments at an annual rate (based on each Fund's average net assets) as follows:

Class	Annual 12b-1 Fee
Administrative Shares	0.15 %
Service Shares	0.25 %
Class R Shares	0.60 %
Class A	0.25 %
Class I	None
Class K	None
Class R3	0.25 %

The Distribution Plan may benefit the Funds by increasing sales of shares and reducing redemptions of shares, resulting potentially, for example, in economies of scale and more predictable flows of cash into and out of the Funds. Because Rule 12b-1 fees are paid out of a Fund's assets, all shareholders share in that expense; however, because shareholders hold their shares through varying arrangements (for example, directly or through financial intermediaries), they may not share equally in the benefits of the Distribution Plan.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

Financial intermediaries are firms that, for compensation, sell shares of mutual funds, including the Funds, and/or provide certain administrative and account maintenance services to mutual fund shareholders. Financial intermediaries may include, among others, brokers, financial planners or advisors, banks, and insurance companies. In some cases, a financial intermediary may hold its clients' Fund shares in nominee or street name. Shareholder services provided by a financial intermediary may (though they will not necessarily) include, among other things: processing and mailing trade confirmations, periodic statements, prospectuses, annual reports, semi-annual reports, shareholder notices, and other SEC-required communications; capturing and processing tax data; issuing and mailing dividend checks to shareholders who have selected cash distributions; preparing record date shareholder lists for proxy solicitations; collecting and posting distributions to shareholder accounts; and establishing and maintaining systematic withdrawals and automated investment plans and shareholder account registrations. Some portion of SSGA FD's payments to financial intermediaries will be made out of amounts received by SSGA FD under the Funds' Distribution Plans. In addition, the Funds may reimburse SSGA FD for payments SSGA FD makes to financial intermediaries that provide recordkeeping, shareholder servicing, sub-transfer agency, administrative and/or account maintenance services (collectively, “servicing”). The amount of the reimbursement for servicing compensation and the manner in which it is calculated are reviewed by the Trustees periodically.

The compensation paid by SSGA FD to a financial intermediary may be paid continually over time, during the period when the intermediary's clients hold investments in the Funds. The compensation to financial intermediaries may include networking fees and account-based fees. The amount of continuing compensation paid by SSGA FD to different financial intermediaries varies. In the case of most financial intermediaries, compensation for servicing in excess of any amount covered by payments under a Distribution Plan is generally paid at an annual rate of 0.10% – 0.20% of the aggregate average daily NAV of Fund shares held by that financial intermediary's customers, although in some cases the compensation may be paid at higher annual rates (which may, but will not necessarily, reflect enhanced or additional services provided by the financial intermediary). SSGA FD and its affiliates (including SSGA FM), at their own expense and out of their own assets, may also provide compensation to financial intermediaries in connection with sales of the Funds' shares or the servicing of shareholders or shareholder accounts by financial intermediaries. Such compensation may include, but is not limited to, ongoing payments, financial assistance to financial intermediaries in connection with conferences, sales, or training programs for their employees, seminars for the public, advertising or sales campaigns, or other financial intermediary-sponsored special events. In some instances, this compensation may be made available only to certain financial intermediaries whose representatives have sold or are expected to sell significant amounts of shares. Financial intermediaries may not use sales of the Funds' shares to qualify for this compensation to the extent prohibited by the laws or rules of any state or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. The level of payments made to a financial intermediary in any given year will vary and, in the case of most financial intermediaries, will not exceed 0.20% of the value of assets attributable to the financial intermediary invested in shares of funds in the SSGA FM-fund complex. In certain cases, the payments described in the preceding sentence are subject to minimum payment levels.

If payments to financial intermediaries by the distributor or adviser for a particular mutual fund complex exceed payments by other mutual fund complexes, your financial advisor and the financial intermediary employing him or her may have an incentive to recommend that fund complex over others. Please speak with your financial advisor to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial advisor and his or her firm by SSGA FD and its affiliates, and by sponsors of other mutual funds he or she may recommend to you. You should also consult disclosures made by your financial intermediary at the time of purchase.

Because the Funds pay distribution, service and other fees for the sale of their shares and for services provided to shareholders out of the Funds' assets on an ongoing basis, over time those fees will increase the cost of an investment in a Fund.

A Fund may pay distribution fees, service fees and other amounts described above at a time when shares of the Fund are not being actively promoted to new investors generally, or when shares of that Fund are unavailable for purchase.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Funds have been informed by SSGA FD that the following expenditures were made using the amounts each Fund's Class A, Administrative, Service and Class R shares paid under its Rule 12b-1 Distribution Plan:

Fund	Advertising	Printing	Compensation to Dealers	Compensation to Sales Personnel	Other*
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$0	$1	$37,853	$381	$315
Equity 500 Index Fund	$6	$24	$627,921	$6,765	$5,592
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$0	$1	$33,014	$330	$273
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$1	$3	$76,101	$765	$632

Includes such items as compensation for travel, conferences and seminars for staff, professional fees, technology, services, and overhead (including space/facilities and management).

Set forth below is a list of those financial intermediaries to which SSGA FD (and its affiliates) expects, as of April 30, 2024, to pay compensation in the manner described in this “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” section. This list may change over time. Please contact your financial intermediary to determine whether it or its affiliate currently may be receiving such compensation and to obtain further information regarding any such compensation.

•ADP Broker Dealer, Inc.

•Ariel Distributors Inc.

•Ascensus Broker Dealer Services, LLC

•BMO Capital Markets Corp.

•Blaylock Van, LLC

•Cabrera Capital Markets LLC

•Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.

•Citibank, N.A.

•Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

•Commerce Bank

•FIS Brokerage & Securities Services LLC

•State Street Brokerage Services, Inc.

•Goldman Sachs & Co

•GWFS Equities, Inc.

•Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC

•J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

•JP Morgan Chase bank, N.A.

•Lasalle Street Securities

•LPL Financial Corporation

•Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith

•Mid-Atlantic Capital Corporation

•Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC

•MSCS Financial Services LLC

•MUFG Union Bank, National Association

•National Financial Services, LLC

•Pershing LLC

•PNC Capital Markets, LLC

•RBC Capital Markets, LLC

•Reliance Trust Company

•Securities Finance Trust Company

•SEI Trust Company

•State Street Bank and Trust Company – Global Services Business Units

•State Street Global Markets, LLC

•TD Ameritrade, Inc.

•TD Prime Services LLC

•The Bank of New York Mellon

•Treasury Curve

•UBS Financial Services Inc.

•US Bank, National Association

•Valic Financial Advisors, Inc.

•Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

•Wells Fargo Clearing Services

•Wells Fargo Securities LLC

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the Trust. The principal business address of Ropes & Gray LLP is 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.

Ernst & Young LLP serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust and provides (i) audit services and (ii) tax services. In connection with the audit of the 2023 financial statements, the Trust entered into an engagement agreement with Ernst & Young LLP that sets forth the terms of Ernst & Young LLP's audit engagement. The principal business address of Ernst & Young LLP is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Portfolio Managers

The Adviser manages the Funds using a team of investment professionals. The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each of the key professionals involved in the day-to-day portfolio management for each Fund and assets under management in those accounts. The total number of accounts and assets have been allocated to each respective manager. Therefore, some accounts and assets have been counted twice.

Portfolio Manager	Registered Investment Company Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Other Pooled Investment Vehicle Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Other Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Total Assets Managed (billions)
Karl Schneider	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36
David Chin	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36
Thomas Coleman	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36
Ted Janowsky	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36

Portfolio Manager	Registered Investment Company Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Other Pooled Investment Vehicle Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Other Accounts	Assets Managed (billions)	Total Assets Managed (billions)
Amy Scofield	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36
Olga Winner	127	$1,052.26	363	$809.62	478	$502.48	$2,364.36
Marc DiCosimo	39	$99.03	130	$190.01	163	$110.07	$399.11
Joanna Madden	39	$99.03	130	$190.01	163	$110.07	$399.11
Michael Przygoda	39	$99.03	130	$190.01	163	$110.07	$399.11
Leo Law	17	$6.11	155	$248.36	173 (1)	$136.07 (1)	$390.54
Michael Narkiewicz	17	$6.11	155	$248.36	173 (1)	$136.07 (1)	$390.54
Seamus Quinn	17	$6.11	155	$248.36	173 (1)	$136.07 (1)	$390.54

(1)

Includes 3 accounts (totaling $235.49 million in assets under management) with performance-based fees.

None of the portfolio managers listed above beneficially owned shares of any Fund as of December 31, 2023.

A portfolio manager that has responsibility for managing more than one account may be subject to potential conflicts of interest because he or she is responsible for other accounts in addition to the Funds. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of: (a) the portfolio manager's execution of different investment strategies for various accounts; or (b) the allocation of resources or of investment opportunities.

Portfolio managers may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include registered investment companies, other types of pooled accounts (e.g., collective investment funds), and separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that portfolio. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager's responsibility for multiple accounts with similar investment guidelines. Under these circumstances, a potential investment may be suitable for more than one of the portfolio manager's accounts, but the quantity of the investment available for purchase is less than the aggregate amount the accounts would ideally allocate to the opportunity. Similar conflicts may arise when multiple accounts seek to dispose of the same investment. The portfolio managers may also manage accounts whose objectives and policies differ from that of the Funds. These differences may be such that under certain circumstances, trading activity appropriate for one account managed by the portfolio manager may have adverse consequences for another account managed by the portfolio manager. For example, an account may sell a significant position in a security, which could cause the market price of that security to decrease, while a Fund maintained its position in that security.

A potential conflict may arise when the portfolio managers are responsible for accounts that have different advisory fees—the difference in fees could create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another, for example, in terms of access to investment opportunities. This conflict may be heightened if an account is subject to a performance-based fee, as applicable. Another potential conflict may arise when the portfolio manager has a personal investment in one or more accounts that participate in transactions with other accounts. His or her personal investment(s) may create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to address these potential material conflicts. For instance, portfolio managers are normally responsible for all accounts within a certain investment discipline and do not, absent special circumstances, differentiate among the various accounts when allocating resources. Additionally, the Adviser and its advisory affiliates have processes and procedures for allocating investment opportunities among portfolios that are designed to provide a fair and equitable allocation. With respect to conflicts arising from personal investments, all employees, including portfolio managers, must comply with personal trading controls established by each of the Adviser's and Trust's Code of Ethics.

SSGA's culture is complemented and reinforced by a total rewards strategy that is based on a pay for performance philosophy which seeks to offer a competitive pay mix of base salary, benefits, cash incentives and deferred compensation.

Salary is based on a number of factors, including external benchmarking data and market trends, and performance both at the business and individual level. SSGA's Global Human Resources department regularly participates in compensation surveys in order to provide SSGA with market-based compensation information that helps support individual pay decisions.

Additionally, subject to State Street and SSGA business results, an incentive pool is allocated to SSGA to reward its employees. The size of the incentive pool for most business units is based on the firm's overall profitability and other factors, including performance against risk-related goals. For most SSGA investment teams, SSGA recognizes and rewards performance by linking annual incentive decisions for investment teams to the firm's or business unit's profitability and business unit investment performance over a multi-year period.

Incentive pool funding for most active investment teams is driven in part by the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team versus the return levels of the benchmark index(es) of the fund(s) on a one-, three- and, in some cases, five-year basis. For most active investment teams, a material portion of incentive compensation for senior staff is deferred over a four-year period into the SSGA Long-Term Incentive (“SSGA LTI”) program. For these teams, The SSGA LTI program indexes the performance of these deferred awards against the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team. This is intended to align our investment team's compensation with client interests, both through annual incentive compensation awards and through the long-term value of deferred awards in the SSGA LTI program.

For the index equity investment team, incentive pool funding is driven in part by the post-tax 1 and 3-year tracking error of the funds managed by the team against the benchmark indexes of the funds.

The discretionary allocation of the incentive pool to the business units within SSGA is influenced by market-based compensation data, as well as the overall performance of each business unit. Individual compensation decisions are made by the employee's manager, in conjunction with the senior management of the employee's business unit. These decisions are based on the overall performance of the employee and, as mentioned above, on the performance of the firm and business unit. Depending on the job level, a portion of the annual incentive may be awarded in deferred compensation, which may include cash and/or Deferred Stock Awards (State Street stock), which typically vest over a four-year period. This helps to retain staff and further aligns SSGA employees' interests with SSGA clients' and shareholders' long-term interests.

SSGA recognizes and rewards outstanding performance by:

•Promoting employee ownership to connect employees directly to the company's success.

•Using rewards to reinforce mission, vision, values and business strategy.

•Seeking to recognize and preserve the firm's unique culture and team orientation.

•Providing all employees the opportunity to share in the success of SSGA.

Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

Feeder Funds (and the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund)

Each Feeder Fund invests all, and the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund invests substantially all, of its investable assets in a corresponding Portfolio and therefore does not directly incur transactional costs for purchases and sales of portfolio investments (except in the case of Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund's currency hedging and related positions). The Funds generally purchase and redeem shares of the corresponding Portfolio each day depending on the number of shares of such Fund purchased or redeemed by investors on that day. Shares of the Portfolios are available for purchase by the Funds at their NAV without any sales charges, transaction fees, or brokerage commissions being charged.

All portfolio transactions are placed on behalf of a Fund by the Adviser. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are affected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. Ordinarily commissions are not charged on over-the-counter orders (e.g., fixed income securities) because the Funds pay a spread which is included in the cost of the security and represents the difference between the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to sell the security and the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to buy the security. When a Fund executes an over-the-counter order with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system, a commission is charged by such electronic communications networks and alternative trading systems as they execute such orders on an agency basis. Securities may be purchased from underwriters at prices that include underwriting fees.

In placing a portfolio transaction, the Adviser seeks to achieve best execution. The Adviser's duty to seek best execution requires the Adviser to take reasonable steps to obtain for the client as favorable an overall result as possible for Fund portfolio transactions under the circumstances, taking into account various factors that are relevant to the particular transaction.

The Adviser refers to and selects from the list of approved trading counterparties maintained by the Adviser's Credit Risk Management team. In selecting a trading counterparty for a particular trade, the Adviser seeks to weigh relevant factors including, but not limited to the following:

•Prompt and reliable execution;

•The competitiveness of commission rates and spreads, if applicable;

•The financial strength, stability and/or reputation of the trading counterparty;

•The willingness and ability of the executing trading counterparty to execute transactions (and commit capital) of size in liquid and illiquid markets without disrupting the market for the security;

•Local laws, regulations or restrictions;

•The ability of the trading counterparty to maintain confidentiality;

•The availability and capability of execution venues, including electronic communications networks for trading and execution management systems made available to Adviser;

•Market share;

•Liquidity;

•Price;

•Execution related costs;

•History of execution of orders;

•Likelihood of execution and settlement;

•Order size and nature;

•Clearance and settlement capabilities, especially in high volatility market environments;

•Availability of lendable securities;

•Sophistication of the trading counterparty's trading capabilities and infrastructure/facilities;

•The operational efficiency with which transactions are processed and cleared, taking into account the order size and complexity;

•Speed and responsiveness to the Adviser;

•Access to secondary markets;

•Counterparty exposure; and

•Depending upon the circumstances, the Adviser may take other relevant factors into account if the Adviser believes that these are important in taking all sufficient steps to obtain the best possible result for execution of the order.

In selecting a trading counterparty, the price of the transaction and costs related to the execution of the transaction typically merit a high relative importance, depending on the circumstances. The Adviser does not necessarily select a trading counterparty based upon price and costs but may take other relevant factors into account if it believes that these are important in taking reasonable steps to obtain the best possible result for a Fund under the circumstances. Consequently, the Adviser may cause a client to pay a trading counterparty more than another trading counterparty might have charged for the same transaction in recognition of the value and quality of the brokerage services provided. The following matters may influence the relative importance that the Adviser places upon the relevant factors:

(i)

The nature and characteristics of the order or transaction. For example, size of order, market impact of order, limits, or other instructions relating to the order;

(ii)

The characteristics of the financial instrument(s) or other assets which are the subject of that order. For example, whether the order pertains to an equity, fixed income, derivatives or convertible instrument;

(iii)

The characteristics of the execution venues to which that order can be directed, if relevant. For example, availability and capabilities of electronic trading systems;

(iv)

Whether the transaction is a ‘delivery versus payment' or ‘over-the-counter' transaction. The creditworthiness of the trading counterparty, the amount of existing exposure to a trading counterparty and trading counterparty settlement capabilities may be given a higher relative importance in the case of ‘over-the-counter' transactions; and/or

(v)

Any other circumstances that the Adviser believes are relevant at the time.

The process by which trading counterparties are selected to effect transactions is designed to exclude consideration of the sales efforts conducted by broker-dealers in relation to the Funds.

The Adviser does not currently use the Funds' assets in connection with third-party soft dollar arrangements. While the Adviser does not currently use “soft” or commission dollars paid by the Funds for the purchase of third-party research, the Adviser reserves the right to do so in the future.

The brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the last three fiscal years are shown below:

Fund	2023	2022	2021
Aggregate Bond Index Fund	$0	$—	$—
Balanced Index Fund	$393	$—	$—
Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund	$69,829	$219,439	$141,047
Equity 500 Index Fund	$0	$—	$—
Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index Fund	$0	$—	$—
Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund	$89,592	$90,876	$61,819
Small/Mid Cap Equity Index Fund	$0	$—	$—
Target Retirement 2020 Fund	$48,433	$51,426	$62,241
Target Retirement 2025 Fund	$102,346	$74,386	$92,653
Target Retirement 2030 Fund	$145,686	$64,035	$90,636
Target Retirement 2035 Fund	$96,790	$31,969	$60,039
Target Retirement 2040 Fund	$93,062	$28,360	$55,125
Target Retirement 2045 Fund	$74,395	$25,822	$44,152
Target Retirement 2050 Fund	$64,299	$20,081	$31,704
Target Retirement 2055 Fund	$42,771	$15,393	$18,507
Target Retirement 2060 Fund	$28,160	$9,091	$8,249
Target Retirement 2065 Fund	$7,284	$2,406	$1,303
Target Retirement Fund	$30,805	$37,882	$63,485

The increase in brokerage commissions paid by the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was generally due to an increase in trading activity.

The brokerage commission fees paid by the International Developed Equity Index Fund have been omitted because the Fund had not commenced investment operations as of December 31, 2023.

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealer.” Each Trust is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust's portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust's shares.

The Trust's holdings in Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

UBS AG	$8,766,036.00
ICICI Bank Ltd.	$5,711,702.00
Itau International Securities Inc.	$3,788,667.00
Santander Securities LLC	$846,448.00
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC	$139,652.00
Mirae Asset Securities (USA) Inc	$121,053.00
BofA Securities, Inc.	$64,141.00
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC	$35,491.00
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC	$34,596.00
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.	$25,874.00

Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses or transaction costs. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions and transaction costs is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions and transaction costs paid by other institutional investors for comparable services.

Declaration of Trust, Capital Stock and Other Information

Capitalization

Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees are authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of each Fund. Upon liquidation or dissolution of a Fund, investors are entitled to share pro rata in the Fund's net assets available for distribution to its investors. Investments in a Fund have no preference, preemptive, conversion or similar rights, except as determined by the Trustees or as set forth in the Bylaws, and are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below.

Declaration of Trust

The Declaration of Trust of the Trust provides that the Trust may redeem shares of a Fund at the redemption price that would apply if the share redemption were initiated by a shareholder. It is the policy of the Trust that, except upon such conditions as may from time to time be set forth in the then current prospectus of the Trust or to facilitate the Trust's or a Fund's compliance with applicable law or regulation, the Trust would not initiate a redemption of shares unless it were to determine that failing to do so may have a substantial adverse consequence for a Fund or the Trust.

The Trust's Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee who is not an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust will be deemed independent and disinterested with respect to any demand made in connection with a derivative action or proceeding. It is the policy of the Trust that it will not assert that provision to preclude a shareholder from claiming that a trustee is not independent or disinterested with respect to any demand made in connection with a derivative action or proceeding; provided, however, that the foregoing policy will not prevent the Trust from asserting applicable law (including Section 2B of Chapter 182 of the Massachusetts General Laws) to preclude a shareholder from claiming that a trustee is not independent or disinterested with respect to any demand made in connection with a derivative action or proceeding.

The Trust will not deviate from the foregoing policies in a manner that adversely affects the rights of shareholders of a Fund without the approval of “a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of such Fund.

Voting

Each investor is entitled to a vote in proportion to the number of Fund shares it owns. Shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees, and investors holding more than 50% of the aggregate outstanding shares in the Trust may elect all of the Trustees if they choose to do so. The Trust is not required and has no current intention to hold annual meetings of investors but the Trust will hold special meetings of shareholders when in the judgment of the Trustees it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote.

Massachusetts Business Trust

Under Massachusetts law, shareholders in a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides for indemnification out of the property of the applicable series of the Trust for any

loss to which the shareholder may become subject by reason of being or having been a shareholder of that series and for reimbursement of the shareholder for all expense arising from such liability. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability should be limited to circumstances in which the series would be unable to meet its obligations.

Pricing of Shares

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, called its NAV. The price per share for each class of each Fund is determined each business day (unless otherwise noted) at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern time).

Pricing of shares of the Funds does not occur on New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) holidays. The NYSE is open for trading every weekday except for: (a) the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Birthday, Washington's Birthday (the third Monday in February), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas; and (b) the preceding Friday or the subsequent Monday when one of the calendar-determined holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Purchases and withdrawals will be effected at the time of determination of NAV next following the receipt of any purchase or withdrawal order which is determined to be in good order.

The Funds' securities will be valued pursuant to guidelines established by the Board of Trustees.

Taxation of the Funds

The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Funds is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this SAI. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.

Each of the Index Funds (other than the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund) invests substantially all of its assets in the corresponding Portfolio, and each of the Target Retirement Funds invests in the Underlying Funds, and so substantially all of each such Fund's income will result from distributions or deemed distributions, or allocations, from the corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Funds, as the case may be. Therefore, as applicable, references to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of these Funds, including to the assets owned and the income earned by these Funds, will be to, or will include, such treatment of the corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Funds, and, as applicable, the assets owned and the income earned by the corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Funds. See “Tax Considerations Applicable to Funds Investing in Portfolios Treated as Partnerships” and “Tax Considerations Applicable to Funds Investing in Portfolios or Underlying Funds Treated as RICs” below for further information.

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans or tax-advantaged arrangements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and arrangements and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situations.

Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company

Each Fund has elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) no more than 25% of its assets are invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades and businesses, or (y) in the

securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid — generally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt income, for such year.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in section (a)(i) of the preceding paragraph), will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, because they meet the passive income requirement under Code section 7704(c)(2). Further, although U.S. in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect a Fund's ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.

If a Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If a Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax, paying interest or disposing of certain assets. If such Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if such Fund were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the Fund would be subject to tax at the Fund level on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income (if any) and net capital gains ( as defined below), would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of a Fund's shares (each as described below). In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.

Each Fund intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), and may distribute its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If a Fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder's gross income under clause (a) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (b) of the preceding sentence. The Funds are not required to, and there can be no assurance a Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to any such

portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss, if any, from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss, if any, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

If a Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal, in general, to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year (or November 30 or December 31, if the Fund is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a RIC's ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30, if the Fund makes the election referred to above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a Fund with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. Each Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Distributions declared by a Fund during October, November and December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which declared.

Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a Fund's net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, a Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains. A Fund may carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. The Fund must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character. See a Fund's most recent annual shareholder report for the Fund's available capital loss carryovers as of the end of its most recently ended fiscal year.

Taxation of Distributions Received by Shareholders

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Fund shares. In general, a Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of assets the Fund has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of investments the Fund has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net-capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that are properly reported by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) generally will be taxable to a shareholder receiving such distributions as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative to ordinary income. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting “applicable partnership interests” under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income properly reported by a Fund and, in the case of a Fund investing in a Portfolio treated as a RIC, the Portfolio, as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at each of the shareholder, the Portfolio and, in the case of a Fund investing in a Portfolio treated as a RIC, the Fund level. The Aggregate Bond Index Fund does not expect its distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by a Fund of net investment income and capital gains, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in a Fund.

If a Fund makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder's tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.

Shareholders of a Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxes as described herein on distributions made by the Fund whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.

Distributions with respect to a Fund's shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund's realized income and gains, even though such distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder's investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when a Fund's NAV includes either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of the Fund's shares below the shareholder's cost basis in those shares. As described above, a Fund is required to distribute realized income and gains regardless of whether the Fund's NAV also reflects unrealized losses.

In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be “qualified dividend income,” the Fund or corresponding Portfolio must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stocks held by the Fund or Portfolio, the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund's shares, and in the case of a Fund investing in a Portfolio treated as a RIC, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to its shares in the Portfolio. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at any of the Portfolio, Fund or shareholder level, as applicable) (a) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (b) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (c) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (d) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (i) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (ii) treated as a passive foreign investment company.

In general, distributions of investment income properly reported by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Fund's shares. If the aggregate qualified dividends (a) received by a Fund (including from a Portfolio that is treated as a RIC) or (b) allocated to a Fund by a Portfolio that is treated as a partnership, during any taxable year are 95% or more of the Fund's gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Fund's dividends (other than dividends properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of a Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends (a) received by a Fund from domestic corporations (including a corresponding Portfolio that is treated as a RIC) or (b) allocated to a Fund by a corresponding Portfolio that is treated as a partnership for the taxable year. A dividend will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (at any of the Portfolio, Fund or shareholder level, as applicable) (a) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund or Portfolio has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (b) to the extent that the Fund or Portfolio is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, a Fund that invests in a corresponding Portfolio that is treated as a RIC must meet similar requirements with respect to its shares of the corresponding Portfolio. Finally, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (x) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (y) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). The Aggregate Bond Index Fund does not expect Fund distributions to be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

Any distribution of income that is attributable to (a) income received by a Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (b) dividend income received by a Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

Distributions by a Portfolio to its shareholders that the Portfolio properly reports as “Section 199A dividends,” as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a U.S. federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a “Section 199A dividend” is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs (as defined below), to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A Section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. A Portfolio is permitted to report such part of its dividends as Section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.

If a Fund holds, directly or indirectly, one or more “tax credit bonds” issued on or before December 31, 2017, on one or more applicable dates during a taxable year, the Fund may elect to permit its shareholders to claim a tax credit on their income tax returns equal to each shareholder's proportionate share of tax credits from the bond otherwise allowed to the Fund. In such a case, a shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution of money with respect to its Fund shares equal to the shareholder's proportionate share of the amount of such credits and be allowed a credit against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability equal to the amount of such deemed distribution. A shareholder's ability to claim a tax credit associated with one or more tax credit bonds may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, and the amount of the tax credits may not exceed the amount reported by the Fund in a written notice to shareholders. Even if a Fund is eligible to pass through tax credits to shareholders, the Fund may choose not to do so.

As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.

Tax Considerations Applicable to Funds Investing in Portfolios Treated as Partnerships

The International Developed Equity Index Fund and the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund invest substantially all of their investable assets in a corresponding Portfolio that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The nature and character of each such Fund's income, gains, losses and deductions will generally be determined at the Portfolio level and each such Fund will be allocated its share of Portfolio income and gains. As applicable, references to income, gains, losses and deductions of a Fund will be to income, gains and losses recognized and deductions accruing at the Portfolio level and allocated to or otherwise taken into account by the Fund, and references to assets of a Fund will be to the Fund's allocable share of the assets of the corresponding Portfolio.

Such a Fund may be required to redeem a portion of its interest in a Portfolio in order to obtain sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions to maintain its qualification for treatment as a RIC. The Portfolio in turn may be required to sell investments in order to meet such redemption requests, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so.

A Fund is permitted to realize a loss on a redemption of Portfolio shares only if and when all Portfolio shares held by the Fund are completely redeemed for cash.

Tax Considerations Applicable to Funds Investing in Portfolios and Underlying Funds Treated as RICs

Each of the Index Funds (other than the Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund, the International Developed Equity Index Fund and the Hedged International Developed Equity Index Fund) seek to achieve their investment objectives by investing substantially all of their investable assets in a corresponding Portfolio, which itself intends to elect to be treated and to qualify and be eligible each year to be treated as a RIC. Whether each such Fund meets the asset diversification test described above will depend on whether the corresponding Portfolio meets each of the income, asset diversification and distribution tests. If a Portfolio were to fail to meet any such test and were ineligible to or otherwise were not to cure such failure, the corresponding Fund would as a result itself fail to meet the asset diversification test and might be ineligible or unable to or might otherwise not cure such failure.

Each Target Retirement Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing substantially all of its investable assets in one or more Underlying Funds and each such Underlying Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify and be eligible each year to be treated as a RIC. Whether a Target Retirement Fund meets the asset diversification test

described above will thus depend in part on whether the Underlying Funds in which it invests meet each of the income, asset diversification, and distribution tests. If an Underlying were to fail to meet any such test and were ineligible to or otherwise were not to cure such failure, the corresponding Fund might as a result itself fail to meet the asset diversification test and might be ineligible or unable to or might otherwise not cure such failure.

Each such Fund's distributable income and gains will normally consist substantially of distributions from the corresponding Portfolio or the Underlying Funds in which it invests. To the extent that a Portfolio or Underlying Fund realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the corresponding Fund will not be able to benefit from those losses until and only to the extent that (i) the Portfolio or Underlying Fund realizes gains that it can reduce by those losses, or (ii) the Fund recognizes its share of those losses when it disposes of shares of the Portfolio or Underlying Fund in a transaction qualifying for sale or exchange treatment. Moreover, even when a Fund does make such a disposition, any loss will be recognized as a capital loss, a portion of which may be a long-term capital loss. A Fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of shares of the corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Funds against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by a Portfolio or Underlying Fund), and the Fund's long-term capital losses first offset its long-term capital gains, increasing the likelihood that the Fund's short-term capital gains are distributed to shareholders as ordinary income.

In addition, in certain circumstances, the “wash sale” rules under Section 1091 of the Code may apply to these Funds' sales of the corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Fund shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if shares of an issuer are sold by a Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional shares of that same issuer 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules could defer losses in these Funds' hands on corresponding Portfolio or Underlying Fund shares (to the extent such sales are wash sales) for extended (and, in certain cases, potentially indefinite) periods of time.

The foregoing rules may cause the tax treatment of these Funds' gains, losses and distributions to differ at times from the tax treatment that would apply if the Fund invested directly in the types of securities held by the Underlying Funds. As a result, investors may receive taxable distributions earlier and recognize higher amounts of capital gain or ordinary income than they otherwise would.

Finally, a RIC generally must look through its 20 percent voting interest in a corporation, including a RIC, to the underlying assets thereof for purposes of the diversification test; special rules potentially provide limited relief from the application of this rule where a RIC owns such an interest in an underlying RIC (as defined below), such as a Portfolio or Underlying Fund.

Tax Implications of Certain Fund Investments

Investments in Other RICs. If a Fund receives dividends from a Portfolio treated as a RIC, or an Underlying Fund, or another underlying RIC (each, an “underlying RIC”) or a Portfolio or an Underlying Fund receives dividends from an underlying RIC, and the underlying RIC reports such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund, the Portfolio or the Underlying Fund, as applicable, is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of such dividends as “qualified dividend income” when it distributes such portion to its shareholders, provided holding period and other requirements are met.

If a Fund, a Portfolio or Underlying Fund receives dividends from an underlying RIC, and the underlying RIC reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund, the Portfolio or the Underlying Fund, as applicable, is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction as well when it distributes such portion to its shareholders, provided holding period and other requirements are met.

If an underlying RIC in which a Fund, a Portfolio or Underlying Fund invests elects to pass through tax credit bond credits to its shareholders, then the Fund, the Portfolio or Underlying Fund is permitted in turn to elect to pass through its proportionate share of those tax credits to its shareholders, provided that the Fund, the Portfolio or the Underlying Fund, as applicable, meets shareholder notice and other requirements.

The foregoing rules may cause the tax treatment of a Fund's gains, losses and distributions to differ at times from the tax treatment that would apply if the Fund invested directly in the types of securities held by the underlying RIC. As a result, investors may receive taxable distributions earlier and recognize higher amounts of capital gain or ordinary income than they otherwise would.

Special Rules for Debt Obligations. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, OID is treated as interest income and is included in a Fund's income and required to be distributed by the Fund over the term of the debt obligation, even though

payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. In addition, payment-in-kind obligations will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the obligation receives no interest payment in cash on the obligation during the year.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired in the secondary market by a Fund may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt obligation. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. If a Fund makes the election referred to in the preceding sentence, then the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in a Fund's income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

If a Fund holds the foregoing kinds of obligations, or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These dispositions may cause a Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend than they would have if the Fund had not held such obligations.

A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.

Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where a Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity – that is, at a premium — the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if a Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.

At-risk or Defaulted Securities. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Funds. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount; whether, when or to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on debt obligations; when and to what extent a Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities; and how a Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by a Fund in equity securities of real estate investment trusts qualifying as such under Subchapter M of the Code (“REITs”) may result in the Fund's receipt of cash in excess of the REIT's earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.

Certain Investments in Mortgage Pooling Vehicles. Certain Funds may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund's income (including income allocated to the Fund from certain pass-through entities) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are

expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a RIC investing in such securities may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”), as noted below.

In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and that otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.

Foreign Currency Transactions. Any transaction by a Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate a Fund's distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Equity investments by a Fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could potentially subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, a Fund may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, a Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (i.e., make a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the PFIC 's income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. A Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund's taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Either of these elections therefore may require a Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund's total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.”

Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, a Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.

Options and Futures. In general, option premiums received by a Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by a Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of a Fund's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

A Fund's options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are “covered” by a Fund's long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to

“substantially similar or related property,” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by a Fund, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, a Fund's transactions in other derivatives instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund's securities, thereby affecting whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Fund-level tax.

Commodity-Linked Instruments. A Fund's direct or indirect investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments can be limited by the Fund's intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Fund's ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments does not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which a Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If a Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund's nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level.

Book-Tax Differences. Certain of a Fund's investments in derivatives instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Fund's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and a Fund's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if a Fund's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

Foreign Taxation

A Fund's income, proceeds and gains from sources within foreign countries may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If, at the close of a Fund's taxable year, more than 50% of the assets of the Fund consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by a Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by such Fund. A shareholder's ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by a Fund is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder's not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if a Fund were eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so.

If a Fund does not qualify for or does not make such election, shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund; in that case the foreign tax will nonetheless reduce the Fund's taxable income. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund, if any. Under certain circumstances, if the Fund receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of Fund Shares could be affected or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Fund's foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.

If at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the total assets of a Fund consists of interests in other RICs (such as a Portfolio or Underlying Fund treated as a RIC), such Fund will be a “qualified fund of funds.” In that case, the Fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income and other similar taxes paid by the Fund in respect of foreign securities held directly by the Fund or by the underlying RIC in which it invests that itself elected to pass such taxes through to shareholders. However, even if a Fund qualifies to make such election for any year, it may determine not to do so. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in a Fund through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Fund.

Backup Withholding

A Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

Income of a RIC that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally constitute UBTI when distributed to a tax-exempt shareholder of the RIC. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).

A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund's investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI.

Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a RIC that recognizes “excess inclusion income.” Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a RIC that recognizes “excess inclusion income,” then the RIC will be subject to a tax on that portion of its “excess inclusion income” for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder's distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder's interest in a Fund. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in each Fund.

Redemptions and Exchanges

Redemptions and exchanges of each Fund's shares are taxable events and, accordingly, shareholders may realize gain or loss on these transactions. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares generally will be disallowed under the Code's “wash sale” rule if other substantially identical shares are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

Upon the redemption or exchange of shares of a Fund, the Fund or, in the case of shares purchased through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary may be required to provide you and the IRS with cost basis and certain other related tax information about the Fund shares you redeemed or exchanged. See the Funds' prospectuses for more information.

Tax Shelter Reporting

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of at least $2 million in any single taxable year or $4 million in any combination of taxable years for an individual shareholder or at least $10 million in any taxable year or $20 million in any combination of taxable years for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Non-U.S. Shareholders

Non-U.S. shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of ownership of shares in the Fund. Distributions by a Fund to shareholders that are not “U.S. persons” within the meaning of the Code ( “foreign shareholders”) properly reported by the Fund as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, and (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.

In general, the Code defines (1) “short-term capital gain dividends” as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) “interest-related dividends” as distributions from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by a Fund in a written notice to shareholders.

The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) as described below. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (i) that has not provided a satisfactory

statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (ii) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (iii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iv) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation). If a Fund invests in a RIC that pays such distributions to the Fund, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Fund to foreign shareholders. A RIC is permitted to report such parts of its dividends as are eligible to be treated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, but it is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.

Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.

Distributions by a Fund to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).

A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of a Fund unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (b) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (c) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder's sale of shares of the Fund (as described below).

Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from a Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign person within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.

Special rules would apply if a Fund were a qualified investment entity (“QIE”) because it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation's USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A Fund that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether a Fund is a QIE. If an interest in a Fund were a USRPI, the Fund would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.

If a Fund were a QIE under a special “look-through” rule, any distributions by the Fund to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund, would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Fund's foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder's current and past ownership of the Fund. Each Fund generally does not expect that it will be a QIE.

Foreign shareholders of a Fund also may be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and –payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.

Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in a Fund.

In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from back-up withholding, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisers in this regard. Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.

A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax on income referred to above.

Shareholder Reporting Obligations with Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts

Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of a Fund by vote or value could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund's “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (“FBAR”). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in a Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements

Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require a Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that these withholding rules will not apply to the gross proceeds of share redemptions or Capital Gain Dividends a Fund pays. If a payment by a Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).

Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor's own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

General Considerations

The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the Fund, as well as the effects of state, local, foreign, and other tax laws and any proposed tax law changes.

Underwriter

SSGA FD serves as the Funds' distributor pursuant to the Distribution Agreement by and between SSGA FD and the Trust. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Funds pay SSGA FD fees under the Rule 12b-1 Plan in effect for the Funds. For a description of the fees paid to SSGA FD under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, see “Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Plans,” above. SSGA FD is not obligated to sell any specific number of shares and will sell shares of a Fund on a continuous basis only against orders to purchase shares. The principal business address of SSGA FD is One Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210.

APPENDIX A

RATINGS OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS

MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (“MOODY'S”)

GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATING SCALE

Ratings assigned on Moody's global long-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.

Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*

By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE

Ratings assigned on Moody's global short-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.

P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.

P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.

P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

A-1

S&P GLOBAL RATINGS (“S&P”)

ISSUE CREDIT RATING DEFINITIONS

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings' view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS*

AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA: An obligation rated ‘AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

A: An obligation rated ‘A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated ‘BB', ‘B', ‘CCC', ‘CC', and ‘C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B: An obligation rated ‘B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

C: An obligation rated ‘C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

D: An obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

NR: This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.

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Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

FITCH RATINGS. (“FITCH”)

ISSUER DEFAULT RATINGS

Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities in global infrastructure and project finance. IDRs opine on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.

In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency's view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.

AAA: Highest credit quality.

‘AAA' ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA: Very high credit quality.

‘AA' ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A: High credit quality.

‘A' ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

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BBB: Good credit quality.

‘BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

BB: Speculative.

‘BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.

B: Highly speculative.

‘B' ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

CCC: Substantial credit risk.

Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.

CC: Very high levels of credit risk.

Default of some kind appears probable.

C: Near default

A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C' category rating for an issuer include:

the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;

the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;

a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.

RD: Restricted default.

‘RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced:

an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but

has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and

has not otherwise ceased operating.

This would include:

the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;

ii.

the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;

iii.

the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

D: Default.

‘D' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.

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Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.

SHORT-TERM RATINGS ASSIGNED TO ISSUERS AND OBLIGATIONS

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C: High Short-Term Default risk. Default is a real possibility.

RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA' has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+'; ‘AA'; ‘AA-'; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA' ratings and ratings below the 'CCC' category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1', a ‘+' may be appended. For Viability Ratings, the modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within categories from ‘AA' to ‘CCC'. For derivative counterparty ratings the modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to the ratings within ‘AA(dcr)' to ‘CCC(dcr)' categories.

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APPENDIX B – TRUST'S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES

SSGA FUNDS
STATE STREET MASTER FUNDS
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST
ELFUN GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
ELFUN TAX-EXEMPT INCOME FUND
ELFUN INCOME FUND
ELFUN DIVERSIFIED FUND
ELFUN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
ELFUN TRUSTS
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
STATE STREET VARIABLE INSURANCE SERIES FUNDS, INC. (THE “COMPANY”)1

PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES

As of September 20, 2017

The Board of Trustees/Directors of the Trust/Company (each series thereof, a “Fund”) have adopted the following policy and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company's investment portfolios.

1. Proxy Voting Policy

The policy of the Trust/Company is to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., the Trust/Company's investment adviser (the “Adviser”), subject to the Trustees/Directors' continuing oversight.

2. Fiduciary Duty

The right to vote proxies with respect to a portfolio security held by the Trust/Company is an asset of the Trust/Company. The Adviser acts as a fiduciary of the Trust/Company and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Trust/Company and its shareholders.

3. Proxy Voting Procedures

A. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policies, procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies (“Policy”) and the policy of any Sub-adviser (as defined below) to which proxy voting authority has been delegated (see Section 9 below). In addition, the Adviser shall notify the Trustees/Directors of material changes to its Policy or the policy of any Sub-adviser promptly and not later than the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such amendment is implemented.

B. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policy for managing conflicts of interests that may arise through the Adviser's proxy voting activities. In addition, the Adviser shall report any Policy overrides involving portfolio securities held by a Fund to the Trustees/Directors at the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such override(s) occur.

C. At least annually, the Adviser shall inform the Trustees/Director that a record is available with respect to each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company during the year. Also see Section 5 below.

4. Revocation of Authority to Vote

The delegation by the Trustees/Directors of the authority to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company may be revoked by the Trustees/Directors, in whole or in part, at any time.

____________

Unless otherwise noted, the singular term “Trust/Company” used throughout this document means each of SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Trusts, State Street Institutional Funds, and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.

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5. Annual Filing of Proxy Voting Record

The Adviser shall provide the required data for each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company to the Trust/Company or its designated service provider in a timely manner and in a format acceptable to be filed in the Trust/Company's annual proxy voting report on Form N-PX for the twelve-month period ended June 30. Form N-PX is required to be filed not later than August 31 of each year.

6. Retention and Oversight of Proxy Advisory Firms

A. In considering whether to retain or continue retaining a particular proxy advisory firm, the Adviser will ascertain whether the proxy advisory firm has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, act as proxy voting agent as requested, and implement the Policy. In this regard, the Adviser will consider, at least annually, among other things, the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm's staffing and personnel and the robustness of its policies and procedures regarding its ability to identify and address any conflicts of interest. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the results of this review.

B. The Adviser will request quarterly and annual reporting from any proxy advisory firm retained by the Adviser, and hold ad hoc meetings with such proxy advisory firm, in order to determine whether there has been any business changes that might impact the proxy advisory firm's capacity or competency to provide proxy voting advice or services or changes to the proxy advisory firm's conflicts policies or procedures. The Adviser will also take reasonable steps to investigate any material factual error, notified to the Adviser by the proxy advisory firm or identified by the Adviser, made by the proxy advisory firm in providing proxy voting services.

7. Periodic Sampling

The Adviser will periodically sample proxy votes to review whether they complied with the Policy. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to the Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the frequency and results of the sampling performed.

8. Disclosures

The Trust/Company shall include in its registration statement:

1. A description of this policy and of the policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities; and

1. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the Securities and Exchange Commission's (the “SEC”) website.

The Trust/Company shall include in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders:

1. A statement disclosing that a description of the policies and procedures used by or on behalf of the Trust/Company to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; through a specified Internet address, if applicable; and on the SEC's website; and

2. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the SEC's website.

9. Sub-Advisers

For certain Funds, the Adviser may retain investment management firms (“Sub-advisers”) to provide day-to-day investment management services to the Funds pursuant to sub-advisory agreements. It is the policy of the Trust/Company that the Adviser may delegate proxy voting authority with respect to a Fund to a Sub-adviser. Pursuant to such delegation, a Sub-adviser is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of the applicable Fund or Funds for which it serves as sub-adviser, in accordance with the Sub-adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures.

10. Review of Policy

The Trustees/Directors shall review this policy to determine its continued sufficiency as necessary from time to time.

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APPENDIX C - ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES


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Effective March 25, 2024, for voting decisions as of March 26, 2024

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Policy

State Street Global Advisors is the investment management arm of State Street Corporation, a leading provider of financial services to institutional investors. As an asset manager, State Street Global Advisors votes its clients’ proxies where the client has delegated proxy voting authority to it, and State Street Global Advisors votes these proxies and engages with companies in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments, as described in this document.¹

This Policy is applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation.

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Table of Contents	4	Introduction
	4	Our Asset Stewardship Program
	5	The State Street Global Advisors Proxy Voting Program
	5	Securities Not Voted Pursuant to the Policy
	6	Regional Nuances

	6	Our Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles
	6	Effective Board Oversight
	7	Disclosure
	7	Shareholder Protection
	7	Shareholder Proposals
	7	Engagement

	8	Section I. Effective Board Oversight
	8	Board Independence
	9	Board Composition
	11	Board Accountability

	15	Section II. Disclosure
	15	Board Composition Disclosures
	15	Reporting

	17	Section III. Shareholder Protection
	17	Capital
	19	Shareholder Rights
	21	Governance Documents & Miscellaneous Items

	22	Section IV. Shareholder Proposals

	23	Section V. Engagement
	23	Equity Engagements
	23	Fixed Income Engagements
	24	The Use of R-Factor in Engagements
	24	Engaging with Other Investors Soliciting State Street Global Advisors’ Votes in Connection with Vote-No Campaigns or Shareholder Proposals

	25	Section VI. Other Matters
	25	Securities On Loan
	25	Reporting

	26	Appendix A: Assessment Criteria for Common Disclosure Topics
	26	Climate Disclosure Criteria
	27	Say-on-Climate Criteria
	28	Climate Transition Plan Disclosure Criteria for Companies that Have Adopted a Climate Transition Plan
	30	Methane Disclosure Criteria

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		30		Nature-Related Disclosure: Biodiversity, Deforestation, Water Management, Wastewater Management, Plastics and Packaging, Waste Management, Product Lifecycle
		30		Human Capital Management Disclosure Criteria
		31		Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Disclosure Criteria
		32		Pay Equity Disclosure Criteria (United States and United Kingdom Only)
		32		Civil Rights Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)
		32		Human Rights Disclosure Criteria
		33		Political Contributions Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)
		33		Lobbying Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)
		33		Trade Association Alignment Disclosure Criteria

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Introduction				At State Street Global Advisors, we take our fiduciary duties as an asset manager very seriously. Our primary fiduciary obligation to our clients is to maximize the long-term value of their investments. State Street Global Advisors focuses on risks and opportunities that may impact long-term value creation for our clients. We rely on the elected representatives of the companies in which we invest — the board of directors — to oversee these firms’ strategies. We expect effective independent board oversight of the material risks and opportunities to its business and operations. We believe that appropriate consideration of these risks and opportunities is an essential component of a firm’s long-term business strategy, and expect boards to actively oversee the management of this strategy.

Our Asset Stewardship Program				State Street Global Advisors’ Asset Stewardship Team is responsible for developing and implementing this Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Policy (the “Policy”), the implementation of third-party proxy voting guidelines where applicable, case-by- case voting items, issuer engagement activities, and research and analysis of corporate governance issues and proxy voting items. The Asset Stewardship Team’s activities are overseen by our internal governance body, State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). The ESG Committee is responsible for reviewing State Street Global Advisors’ stewardship strategy, engagement priorities, the Policy, and for monitoring the delivery of voting objectives. In order to facilitate our proxy voting process, we retain Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), a firm with expertise in proxy voting and corporate governance. We utilize ISS to: (1) act as our proxy voting agent (providing State Street Global Advisors with vote execution and administration services), (2) assist in applying the Policy, and (3) provide research and analysis relating to general corporate governance issues and specific proxy items. All voting decisions and engagement activities for which State Street Global Advisors has been given voting discretion are undertaken in accordance with this Policy, ensuring that the interests of our clients remain the sole consideration when discharging our stewardship responsibilities. Exceptions to this policy is the use of an independent third party to vote on State Street Corporation (“State Street”) stock and the stock of other State Street affiliated entities, to mitigate a conflict of interest of voting on our parent company or affiliated entities, and other situations where we believe we may be conflicted from voting (for example, stock of a public company for which a State Street director also serves as a director, or due to an outside business interest). In such cases, delegated third parties exercise vote decisions based upon their independent voting policy. We aim to vote at all shareholder meetings where our clients have given us the authority to vote their shares and where it is feasible to do so. However, when we deem appropriate, we could refrain from voting at meetings in cases where:

				• Power of attorney documentation is required.

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				• Voting will have a material impact on our ability to trade the security.

				• Voting is not permissible due to sanctions affecting a company or individual.

				• Issuer-specific special documentation is required or various market or issuer certifications are required.

				• Unless a client directs otherwise, in so-called “share blocking” markets (markets where proxy voters have their securities blocked from trading during the period of the annual meeting).

				Additionally, we are unable to vote proxies when certain custodians, used by our clients, do not offer proxy voting in a jurisdiction or when they charge a meeting-specific fee in excess of the typical custody service agreement. Voting authority attached to certain securities held by State Street Global Advisors pooled funds may be delegated to an independent third party as required by regulatory or other requirements. Under such arrangements, voting will be conducted by the independent third party pursuant to its proxy voting policy and not pursuant to this Policy.

The State Street Global Advisors Proxy Voting Program				In addition to the option of delegating proxy voting authority to State Street Global Advisors pursuant to this Policy, clients may alternatively choose to participate in the State Street Global Advisors Proxy Voting Program (the “Proxy Voting Program”) which empowers clients to direct the proxy voting of shares held by the eligible fund or segregated account² they own. Clients that participate in the Proxy Voting Program have the option of selecting a third-party proxy voting guideline from among policies included in the Proxy Voting Program to apply to the vote of the client’s pro rata share of the securities held by the eligible fund or segregated account they own. This Policy does not apply to shares voted under the Proxy Voting Program.

Securities Not Voted Pursuant to the Policy				Where State Street Global Advisors’ clients have asked it to vote their shares on the client’s behalf, including where a pooled fund fiduciary has delegated the responsibility to vote the fund’s securities to State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors votes those securities in a unified manner, consistent with the principles described in this Policy. Exceptions to this unified voting policy are: (1) where State Street Global Advisors has made its Proxy Voting Program available to its separately managed account clients and investors within a fund managed by State Street Global Advisors, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund or segregated account attributable to clients who choose to participate in the Proxy Voting Program will be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting guidelines selected by the clients, (2) where a pooled investment vehicle managed by State Street

				2 “Eligible funds and segregated accounts” include all fund and client accounts managed by State Street Global Advisors that employ an equity index strategy and which have granted, or are able to grant, proxy voting authority to State Street Global Advisors.

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				Global Advisors utilizes a third party proxy voting guideline as set forth in that fund’s organizational and/or offering documents, and (3) where voting authority with respect to certain securities held by State Street Global Advisors pooled funds may be delegated to an independent third party as required by regulatory or other requirements. With respect to such funds and separately managed accounts utilizing third-party proxy voting guidelines, the terms of the applicable third-party proxy voting guidelines shall apply in place of the Policy described herein and the proxy votes implemented with respect to such a fund or account may differ from and be contrary to the votes implemented for other portfolios managed by State Street Global Advisors pursuant to this Policy.

Regional Nuances				When voting and engaging with companies, we may consider market-specific nuances that may be relevant to that company. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes and to publicly disclose their level of compliance with the applicable provisions and requirements. Except where specified, this Policy applies globally.

Our Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles				We have organized our proxy voting and engagement program around three broad principles:

Effective Board Oversight				We believe that well-governed companies can protect and pursue shareholder interests better and withstand the challenges of an uncertain economic environment. As such, we seek to vote director elections in a way that we believe will maximize long-term value. Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors undertake activities that include setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, selecting the CEO and other senior executives, overseeing executive management, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective oversight of material risks and opportunities relevant to their business. Further, good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We believe independent directors are crucial to good corporate governance; they help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board is key to effectively monitoring management, maintaining appropriate governance practices, and performing oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests. We also believe the right mix of skills, independence, diversity, and qualifications among directors provides boards with the knowledge and direct experience to manage risks and operating structures that are often complex and industry-specific. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various

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				factors set forth in this Policy, including, but not limited to, board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise. When voting in director elections, we do so on behalf of and in the best interest of the funds and client accounts we manage and do not seek to change or influence control of the company.

Disclosure				It is important for shareholders to receive timely and accurate reporting of a company’s financial performance and strategy so that they are able to assess both the value and risk of their investment. In addition to information related to strategy and performance, companies should also provide disclosure relating to their approach to corporate governance and shareholder rights. Such information allows investors to determine whether their economic interests have been protected by the board and provides insights into the quality of the board’s oversight of management. Ultimately, the board of directors is accountable for the oversight and disclosure of the material risks and opportunities faced by the company.

Shareholder Protection				State Street Global Advisors believes it is in the best interest of shareholders for companies to have appropriate shareholder rights and accountability mechanisms in place. As a starting place for voting rights, it is necessary for ownership rights to reflect one vote for one share to ensure that economic interests and proxy voting power are aligned. This share structure best supports the shareholders’ right to exercise their proxy vote on matters that are important to the protection of their investment such as share issuances and other dilutive events, authorization of strategic transactions, approval of a shareholder rights plan, and changes to the corporate bylaws or charter, among others. In terms of accountability mechanisms, we believe there should be annual elections of the full board of directors. The ability to elect, remove and nominate directors on at least an annual basis provides the appropriate checks and balances to ensure that the board of directors are undertaking their responsibilities in the best interests of their shareholders.

Shareholder Proposals				When voting our clients’ proxies, we may be presented with shareholder proposals at portfolio companies that must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and in accordance with the principles set forth above. For proposals related to commonly requested disclosure topics, we have also developed the criteria found in Appendix A to assess the effectiveness of disclosure on such topics in connection with these types of proposals.

Engagement				State Street Global Advisors’ engagement activities provides a meaningful shareholder tool that we believe protects and enhances the long-term economic value of the holdings in our clients’ accounts. We conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies to discuss the principles set forth in this Policy, including sustainability-related risks and opportunities. In addition, we encourage issuers to increase the amount of direct communication board members have with shareholders. We believe direct communication with

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				executive board members and independent non-executive directors is critical to helping companies understand shareholder concerns.

Section I. Effective Board Oversight

Board Independence				We believe independent directors are crucial to good corporate governance; they help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board is key to effectively monitoring management, maintaining appropriate governance practices, and performing oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests. We have developed a set of criteria for determining board independence, which varies by region and/or local jurisdiction. These criteria generally follow relevant listing standards, local regulatory requirements and/or local market practice standards. Such criteria, may include, for example:

				• Participation in related-party transactions and other material business relations with the company

				• Employment history with company

				• Founder and member of founding family

				• Government representative

				• Excessive tenure and a preponderance of long-tenured directors

				• Relations with significant shareholders

				• Close family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

				• Cross-directorships

				• Receipt of non-board related compensation from the issuer, its auditors or advisors

				• Company classification of a director as non-independent

				In some cases, State Street Global Advisors’ criteria may be more rigorous than applicable local or listing requirements.

				Separation of Chair/CEO Our primary focus is to ensure there is strong independent leadership of the board, in accordance with the principles discussed above. We generally support the board choosing the governance structure that is most appropriate for that company.

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				We may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at companies in the following indexes that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed a lead independent director:

				• S&P 500

				• STOXX Europe 600

				Board Committees We believe that board committees are crucial to robust corporate governance and should be composed of a sufficient number of independent directors. We use the same criteria for determining committee independence as we do for determining director independence, which varies by region and/or local jurisdiction. Although we recognize that board structures may vary by jurisdiction, where a board has established an audit committee and/or compensation/remuneration committee, we generally expect the committee to be primarily, and in some cases, fully independent.

Board Composition				State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise, and independence, provides the foundation for a well-governed company.

				Refreshment and Tenure We may withhold votes from directors if overall average board tenure is excessive. In assessing excessive tenure, we consider factors such as the preponderance of long tenured directors, board refreshment practices, and classified board structures.

				Generally, we may vote against age and term limits unless the company is found to have poor board refreshment and director succession practices, and has a preponderance of non-executive directors with excessively long tenures serving on the board.

				Director Time Commitments We consider if a company publicly discloses its director time commitment policy (e.g., within corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:

				• Description of the annual review process undertaken by the nominating committee to evaluate director time commitments

				• Numerical limit(s) on public company board seat(s) the company’s directors can serve on

				For companies in the S&P 500, we may vote against the nominating committee chair at companies that do not publicly disclose a policy compliant with the above criteria, or do not commit to doing so within a reasonable timeframe.

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				For other companies in certain markets³that do not publicly disclose a policy compliant with the above criteria, we will consider the number of outside board directorships that the company’s non-executive and executive directors may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:⁴

				• Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

				• Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

				• Non-executive directors who sit on more than four public company boards

				If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.

				Board Diversity We believe effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity.

				a. Board Gender Diversity

				We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

				In addition, we expect the boards of companies in the following indices to be composed of at least 30-percent female directors.

				• Russell 3000

				• TSX

				• FTSE 350

				• STOXX 600

				3. Such markets include the United States (ex-S&P 500), Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.

				4. Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

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				• ASX 300

				If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee.

				We may waive the 30-percent voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for reaching the 30-percent threshold.

				b. Board Racial & Ethnic Diversity (US & UK Only)

				We may withhold support from the chair of the nominating committee when a company in the S&P 500 or FTSE 100 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial/ethnic community on its board. We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for reaching this threshold.

				Board Member Expertise We believe board members should have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including sustainability-related issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint. We believe nominating committees are best positioned to evaluate the skillset and expertise of both existing and prospective board members. However, we may take such considerations into account in certain circumstances, such as contested elections.

Board Accountability				Oversight of Strategy and Risk We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

				As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively manage and assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders. Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio

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				companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe that a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the responsible directors. We may withhold votes from directors who we determine have been remiss in their duties.

				We may vote against directors due to failure to demonstrate effective oversight in the following three areas for relevant companies:

				• Governance

				• Climate risk management at companies in carbon-intensive industries⁵or companies receiving shareholder proposals that exhibit significant misalignment with our TCFD disclosure assessment criteria

				• Human capital management at our largest global holdings

				When evaluating a board’s oversight of risks and opportunities, we assess the following factors, based on disclosures by, and engagements with, portfolio companies:

				• Oversees Long-term Strategy

				— Articulates the material risks and opportunities and how those risks and opportunities fit into the firm’s long-term business strategy

				— Regularly assesses the effectiveness of the company’s long-term strategy, and management’s execution of this strategy

				• Demonstrates an Effective Oversight Process

				— Describes which committee(s) have oversight over specific risks and opportunities, as well as which topics are overseen and/or discussed at the full-board level

				— Includes risks and opportunities in board and/or committee agendas, and articulates how often specific topics are discussed at the committee and/or full-board level

				5 State Street Global Advisors defines carbon-intensive industries as the following Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) subindustries: Electric Utilities, Integrated Oil &Gas, Multi-Utilities, Steel, Construction Materials, Independent Power Producers & Energy Traders, Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing, Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, Diversified Metals & Mining, Airlines, Commodity Chemicals, Industrial Gases, Aluminum, Oil & Gas Storage & Transportation, Multi-Sector Holdings, Diversified Chemicals, Fertilizers & Agricultural Chemicals, Air Freight & Logistics, Agricultural Products, Environmental & Facilities Services, Coal & Consumable Fuels, Paper Packaging, Railroads, Marine, Automotive Retail, Oil & Gas Drilling, Food Retail, Paper Products, Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines, Internet & Direct Marketing Retail, Hypermarkets & Supercenters, Precious Metals & Minerals.

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				— Utilizes KPIs or metrics to assess the effectiveness of risk management processes

				— Engages with key stakeholders including employees and investors

				• Ensures Effective Leadership

				— Holds management accountable for progress on relevant metrics and targets

				— Integrates necessary skills and perspectives into the board nominating and executive hiring processes, and provides training to directors and executives on topics material to the company’s business or operations

				— Conducts a periodic effectiveness review

				• Ensures Disclosures of Material Information

				— Ensures publication of relevant disclosures, including those regarding material topics

				— For example, we expect companies to disclose against the four pillars of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework.

				Proxy Contests We believe nominating committees that are comprised of independent directors are best placed to assess which individuals can properly fulfill the duties of the board, and act as effective fiduciaries. As long-term shareholders, we vote proxies in director elections, including related to nominating committee members, who play a critical role in determining board composition. While our default position is to support the committees’ judgement, we consider the following factors when evaluating dissident nominees:

				• Strategy presented by dissident nominees versus that of current management, as overseen by the incumbent board

				• Effectiveness, quality, and experience of the management slate

				• Material governance failures and the level of responsiveness to shareholder concerns and market signals by the incumbent board

				• Quality of disclosure and engagement practices to support changes to shareholder rights, capital allocation and/or governance structure

				• Company performance and, if applicable, the merit of a recovery plan

				Board Oversight of Geopolitical Risk As stewards of our clients’ assets, we are aware of the financial risks associated with geopolitical risk, including risks arising from unexpected conflict between or among nations. We expect our portfolio companies that may be impacted by geopolitical risk to:

				• Manage and mitigate risks related to operating in impacted markets, which may include financial, sanctions-related, regulatory, and/or reputational risks, among others;

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				• Strengthen board oversight of these efforts; and

				• Describe these efforts in public disclosures.

				Compensation and Remuneration We consider it the board’s responsibility to identify the appropriate level of executive compensation. Despite the differences among the possible types of plans and the awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive compensation: we believe that there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term.

				Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also consider executive compensation practices when re-electing members of the compensation committee.

				For example, criteria we may consider include the following:

				• Overall quantum relative to company performance

				• Vesting periods and length of performance targets

				• Mix of performance, time and options-based stock units

				• Use of special grants and one-time awards

				• Retesting and repricing features

				• Disclosure and transparency

				Board Responsiveness to Advisory Votes

				a. Executive Pay

				We may vote against the re-election of members of the compensation committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder feedback to review its approach. In addition, if the level of dissent against a management proposal on executive pay is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee.

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				b. Shareholder Proposals with Significant Shareholder Support

				We may withhold votes from directors of companies that have not been responsive to a shareholder proposal that received a majority shareholder support at the last annual or special meeting.

				Attendance We may withhold votes from directors if they attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without providing appropriate explanation for their failure to meet the attendance threshold.

Section II. Disclosure				It is important for shareholders to receive timely and accurate reporting of a company’s financial performance and strategy so that they are able to assess both the value and risk of their investment. In addition to information related to strategy and performance, companies should provide disclosure relating to their approach to corporate governance and shareholder rights. Such information allows investors to determine whether their economic interests have been protected by the board and provides insights into the quality of the board’s oversight of management. Ultimately, the board of directors is accountable for the oversight and disclosure of the material risks and opportunities faced by the company.

Board Composition Disclosures				We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We also believe the right mix of skills, independence, diversity, and qualifications among directors provides boards with the knowledge and direct experience to manage risks and operating structures that are often complex and industry-specific.

				Board Demographics (US and UK) If a company in the Russell 1000 or FTSE 350 does not disclose the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. Acceptable disclosures include:

				• Aggregate-level (e.g., “5% of our Directors are Black”, “Seven of our Directors are people of color”, “30% chose not to self-identify”); or

				• Individual-level (e.g., “Jane Doe is African-American, John Smith is Caucasian,” etc.)

Reporting				Financial Statements We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for investment analysis. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if (i) they have not been disclosed or audited; (ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or (iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

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				Climate-Related Disclosures We believe that managing climate-related risks and opportunities is a key element in maximizing long-term risk-adjusted returns for our clients. As a result, we have a longstanding commitment to enhancing investor-useful disclosure around this topic.

				We find that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide an effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities. We believe all companies should provide public disclosures in accordance with the following four pillars of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework:

				• Governance The TCFD recommends companies describe the board’s oversight of, and management’s role in, assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities.

				• Strategy The TCFD recommends companies describe identified climate-related risks and opportunities and the impact of these risks and opportunities on their businesses, strategy, and financial planning.

				• Risk Management The TCFD recommends companies describe processes for identifying, assessing, and managing climate-related risks and describe how these processes are integrated into overall risk management.

				• Metrics and Targets The TCFD recommends companies disclose metrics and targets used to assess and manage climate-related risks and opportunities.

				— State Street Global Advisors is not prescriptive on target setting. We expect companies that have adopted net zero ambitions to disclose interim climate targets.⁶If a company chooses not to disclose any climate targets, we expect the company to provide an explanation on how the company measures and monitors progress on managing climate-related risks and opportunities in line with the recommendations of TCFD.

				— TCFD recommends the disclosure of Scope 1, Scope 2, and, if appropriate, Scope 3 emissions. We expect companies to identify and disclose the most relevant categories of Scope 3 emissions as defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard. However, we recognize that Scope 3 emissions estimates have a high degree of uncertainty; therefore, if the company determines that categories of Scope 3 are impracticable to estimate, we instead encourage companies to explain these limitations. We do not expect companies to set Scope 3 targets. We do encourage companies to explain any efforts to address Scope 3 emissions in line with TCFD, such as engagement with suppliers, customers, or other stakeholders across the value chain, where relevant.

				6. “Net zero ambitions” are defined by State Street Global Advisors as a public statement/commitment to align the company’s emissions to third party frameworks or pathways for net zero.

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				We may take voting action against directors serving at companies in the following indexes that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding: (i) board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities; (ii) total direct and indirect GHG emissions (“Scope 1” and “Scope 2” emissions); (iii) climate-related targets, in accordance with the TCFD framework:

				• S&P 500

				• S&P/TSX Composite

				• FTSE 350

				• STOXX 600

				• ASX 200

				• TOPIX 100

				• Hang Seng

				• Straits Times Index

				We may waive the guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for providing the expected disclosures.

				Say-on-Climate Proposals While we are generally supportive of effective climate- related disclosure, we currently do not endorse an annual advisory climate vote. We have reservations with the potential unintended consequences of such a vote, including insulating directors from accountability, distracting from existing disclosure frameworks, and straining investors’ limited proxy voting resources. Where management chooses to include a Say-on-Climate vote, we assess the company’s disclosure in accordance with the criteria listed in Appendix A.

				Workforce Disclosures (US Only) We may vote against the chair of the compensation committee at companies in the S&P 500 that do not disclose their EEO-1 reports. Acceptable disclosures include:

				• The original EEO-1 report response; or

				• The exact content of the report translated into custom graphics

Section III. Shareholder Protection

Capital				Share Capital Structure The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to a shareholder’s

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				ability to monitor the amounts of proceeds and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. Altering the capital structure of a company is a critical decision for boards. When making such a decision, we believe the company should disclose a comprehensive business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and not overly dilutive to its shareholders.

				Our approach to share capital structure matters may vary by local market and jurisdiction, due to regional nuances. Such proposals may include:

				• Increase in Authorized Common Shares

				• Increase in Authorized Preferred Shares

				• Unequal Voting Rights

				• Share Repurchase Programs

				Dividend Payouts We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation. We may also vote against if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be warranted when the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.

				Reorganization, Mergers and Acquisitions The reorganization of the structure of a company or mergers often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.

				Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will generally be supported.

				We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:

				• Offer premium

				• Strategic rationale

				• Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/ or management conflicts of interest

				• Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

				• Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

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				We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

				• Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

				• Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

				• The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

				Related-Party Transactions Some companies have a controlled ownership structure and complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). Such structures may result in the prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management, subsidiaries and shareholders. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to disclose details of the transaction, such as the nature, the value and the purpose of such a transaction. We also encourage independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related-party transactions.

				Cross-Shareholdings (Japan Only) “Cross-shareholdings” are a long-standing feature of the balance sheets of many Japanese companies, but, in our view, can be detrimental for corporate governance practices and ultimately shareholder returns.

				Therefore, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the board leader at the TOPIX 500 companies where the “cross-shareholdings” (strategic listed shares) held by a company exceed 30 percent of the company’s net assets (as in the securities report disclosed for the previous fiscal year).

				We may waive the guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound, and publicly available plan for reducing its exposure to “cross-shareholdings”:

				• To less than 30% by 2025; or

				• By 50% of current level by 2025

Shareholder Rights				Proxy Access (North America Only) In general, we believe that proxy access is a fundamental right and an accountability mechanism for all long-term shareholders. We consider proposals relating to proxy access on a case-by-case basis. We generally support shareholder proposals that set parameters to empower long-term shareholders while providing management the flexibility to design a process that is appropriate for the company’s circumstances.

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				Vote Standards

				a. Annual Elections We generally support the establishment of annual elections of the board of directors. Consideration is given to the overall level of board independence and the independence of the key committees, as well as the existence of a shareholder rights plan.

				b. Majority Voting We generally support a majority vote standard based on votes cast for the election of directors. We generally vote to support amendments to bylaws that would require simple majority of voting shares (i.e. shares cast) to pass or to repeal certain provisions.

				Shareholder Meetings

				a. Special Meetings and Written Consent In general, we support the ability for shareholders to call special meetings, as well as act by written consent. We believe an appropriate threshold for both calling a special meeting and acting by written consent can be 25% of outstanding shares or less.

				b. Notice Period to Convene a General Meeting We expect companies to give as much notice as is practicable when calling a general meeting. Generally, we are not supportive of authorizations seeking to reduce the notice period to less than 14 days.

				c. Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings We generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

				• Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

				• Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

				• Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

				• Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

				• If a company breaches any of the criteria above, we may vote against the chair of the nominating committee.

				• In evaluating these proposals we also consider the operating environment of the company, including local regulatory developments and specific market circumstances impacting virtual meeting practices.

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Governance Documents & Miscellaneous Items				Article Amendments
				a. Unilateral Amendments We may withhold votes from directors of companies that have unilaterally adopted/amended company bylaws that negatively impact shareholder rights (such as fee-shifting, forum selection, and exclusion service bylaws) without putting such amendments to a shareholder vote.

				b. Super-Majority We generally vote against amendments to bylaws requiring super-majority shareholder votes to pass or repeal certain provisions. We generally vote for the reduction or elimination of super-majority vote requirements, unless management of the issuer was concurrently seeking to or had previously made such a reduction or elimination.

				c. Board Size We generally support proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size and vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.

				Anti-Takeover Issues Occasionally, companies add anti-takeover provisions that reduce the chances of a potential acquirer to make an offer, or to reduce the likelihood of a successful offer. We generally do not support proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights, entrench management, or reduce the likelihood of shareholders’ right to vote on reasonable offers. Our approach to anti-takeover issues may vary by local market and jurisdiction, due to regional nuances. However, we will generally support mandates requiring shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”) and repeals of various anti-takeover related provisions.

				When appropriate, we may vote for an amendment to a shareholder rights plan where the terms of the new plans are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers (i.e., if one of the following conditions are met: (i) minimum trigger, flip-in or flip-over of 20 percent, (ii) maximum term of three years, (iii) no “dead hand,” “slow hand,” “no hand” nor similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill, and (iv) inclusion of a shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause), permitting ten percent of the shares to call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced).

				Accounting and Audit-Related Issues Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have independent non-executive directors designated as members.

				We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for investment analysis. As a result, board oversight of the internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. It is important

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				for the audit committee to appoint external auditors who are independent from management as we expect auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition.

				State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s external auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external independent assurance. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or to re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we will take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures. We generally do not support resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and/or if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.

				In circumstances where “other” fees include fees related to initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs, and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are determined to be an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.

				We generally support the discharge of auditors in the absence of pending litigation, governmental investigation, charges or fraud or other indication of significant concern, as well as requirements that auditors attend the annual meeting of shareholders.

				Indemnification and Liability Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’⁷liability and/ or expand indemnification and liability protection if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

Section IV. Shareholder Proposals				We believe that company boards do right by investors and are responsible for overseeing strategy and company management. Towards that end, we generally vote against a shareholder proposal if it appears to impose changes to business strategy or operations, such as increasing or decreasing investment in certain products or businesses or phasing out a product or business line or if it is not a topic that the company has deemed to be material in their public disclosure documents.

				When assessing shareholder proposals, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of the resolution would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of our core governance principles:

				1. Effective board oversight

				7. In Japan, this includes statutory auditors.

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				2. Quality disclosure

				3. Shareholder protection

				We will consider supporting a shareholder proposal if:

				• the request is focused on enhanced disclosure of the company’s governance and/or risk oversight

				• the adoption of the request would protect our clients’ interests as minority shareholders; or

				• for common proposal topics for which we have developed assessment criteria, the extent to which the request satisfies the criteria found in Appendix A

Section V. Engagement				As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies. Our stewardship prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation.

Equity Engagements				In general, there are three types of engagements that State Street Global Advisors may hold on behalf of equity holders:

				1. Engagements with Portfolio Companies in Connection with a Ballot Item or Other Topic In our Policy — Engagements held with portfolio companies to discuss a ballot item, event or other established topic found in our Policy. Such engagements generally, but not necessarily, occur during “proxy season.” They may be held at the request of State Street Global Advisors or the portfolio company.

				2. Off-Season Engagement at the Request of a Portfolio Company — From time-to-time, portfolio companies may seek to engage with State Street Global Advisors in the ‘off- season’ to discuss a particular topic.

				3. Off-Season Proactive Engagement Campaigns — Each year, State Street Global Advisors will identify thematic engagement campaigns on important topics for which we are seeking more information to potentially inform our future voting positions.

Fixed Income Engagements				From time-to-time, certain corporate action election events, reclassifications or other changes to the investment terms of debt holdings may occur or an issuer may seek to engage with State Street Global Advisors to discuss matters pertaining to the debt instruments that State Street Global Advisors holds on behalf of its clients. In such instances, State Street Global Advisors may

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				engage with the issuer to obtain further information about the matter for purposes of its investment decision making. Such engagements are the responsibility of the Fixed Income portfolio management team, but may be supported by State Street Global Advisors’ Asset Stewardship Team. All election decisions are the responsibility of the relevant portfolio management team.

				In addition, State Street Global Advisors may also identify themes for engagement campaigns with issuers on topics that it believes may affect value of its clients’ debt investments. State Street Global Advisors may proactively engage with portfolio companies on these topics to help inform our views on the subject. Where such themes align with those relating to equities, such engagements may be carried out jointly on behalf of both equity and fixed income holdings where there is mutual benefit for both asset classes. Such engagements are led by the State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team, but could be attended by the relevant portfolio management teams.

The Use of R-Factor in Engagements				R-Factor^™ is a scoring system created by State Street Global Advisors that leverages multiple data sources and aligns them to widely accepted, transparent Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Materiality Framework for over 12,000 publicly listed companies. R-Factor^™ scores are among the many inputs the Asset Stewardship Team may review when performing analysis on portfolio companies before engagements.

				State Street Global Advisors uses R-Factor as a consideration when prioritizing engagements. State Street Global Advisors may also engage with a company regarding its R-Factor score at the request of the company.

Engaging with Other Investors Soliciting State Street Global Advisors’ Votes in Connection with Vote-No Campaigns or Shareholder Proposals				We believe it is good practice for us to speak to other investors that are running proxy contests, putting forth vote-no campaigns, or proposing shareholder proposals at investee companies. However, we generally limit such discussions with investors to one engagement with the proponent unless we believe that it is necessary for us to have a follow-up discussion, and will seek to also engage with the company. We welcome the opportunity to review materials sent in advance of the proposed discussion. To the extent possible, we review all materials made publicly available by the investor or the company on a contested ballot item before making our own independent voting decision.

				Our primary purpose of engaging with investors is:

				• To gain a better understanding of their position or concerns at investee companies.

				• In proxy contest situations:

				— To assess possible director candidates where investors are seeking board representation in proxy contest situations

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				— To understand the investor’s proposed strategy for the company and investment time horizon to assess their alignment with State Street Global Advisors’ views and interests as a long-term shareholder
				All requests for engagement should be sent to [email protected].

Section VI. Other Matters

Securities On Loan				As a responsible investor and fiduciary, we recognize the importance of balancing the benefits of voting shares and the incremental lending revenue for the pooled funds that participate in State Street Global Advisors’ securities lending program (the “Funds”). Our objective is to recall securities on loan and restrict future lending until after the record date for the respective vote in instances where we believe that a particular vote could have a material impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.

				Accordingly, we have set systematic recall and lending restriction criteria for shareholder meetings involving situations with the highest potential financial implications (such as proxy contests and strategic transactions including mergers and acquisitions, going dark transactions, change of corporate form, or bankruptcy and liquidation).

				Generally, these criteria for recall and restriction for lending only apply to certain large cap indices in developed markets.

				State Street Global Advisors monitors the forgone lending revenue associated with each recall to determine if the impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.

				Although our objective is to systematically recall securities based on the aforementioned criteria, we must receive notice of the vote in sufficient time to recall the shares on or before the record date. When we do not receive timely notice, we may be unable to recall the shares on or before the record date.

Reporting				We provide transparency for our stewardship activities through our regular client reports and relevant information reported online. We publish an annual stewardship report that provides details of our stewardship approach, engagement and voting policies, and activities during the year. The annual stewardship report is complemented by quarterly stewardship activity reports as well as the publication of thought leadership on governance and sustainability on our website. Our voting record information is available on Vote View, an interactive platform that provides relevant company details, proposal types, resolution descriptions, and records of our votes cast.

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Appendix A

Assessment Criteria for Common Disclosure Topics				As outlined above, the pillars of our Asset Stewardship Program rest on effective board oversight, quality disclosure and shareholder protection. We are frequently asked to evaluate shareholder proposals on various topics, including requests for enhanced disclosure. We have developed the below criteria, which we believe represents quality disclosure on commonly requested disclosure topics.

Climate Disclosure Criteria				We expect all companies to provide public disclosures in accordance with the following four pillars of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework:

				• Governance The TCFD recommends companies describe the board’s oversight of, and management’s role in, assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities.

				• Strategy The TCFD recommends companies describe identified climate-related risks and opportunities and the impact of these risks and opportunities on their businesses, strategy, and financial planning.

				• Risk Management The TCFD recommends companies describe processes for identifying, assessing, and managing climate-related risks and describe how these processes are integrated into overall risk management.

				• Metrics and Targets The TCFD recommends companies disclose metrics and targets used to assess and manage climate-related risks and opportunities.

				— State Street Global Advisors is not prescriptive on target setting. We expect companies that have adopted net zero ambitions to disclose interim climate targets. If a company chooses not to disclose any climate targets, we expect the company to provide an explanation on how the company measures and monitors progress on managing climate-related risks and opportunities in line with the recommendations of TCFD.

				— TCFD recommends the disclosure of Scope 1, Scope 2, and, if appropriate, Scope 3 emissions. We expect companies to identify and disclose the most relevant categories of Scope 3 emissions as defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard. However, we recognize that Scope 3 emissions estimates have a high degree of uncertainty; therefore, if the company determines that categories of Scope 3 are impracticable to estimate, we instead encourage companies to explain these limitations. We do not expect companies to set Scope 3 targets. We do encourage

				8. “Net zero ambitions” are defined by State Street Global Advisors as a public statement/commitment to align the company’s emissions to third party frameworks or pathways for net zero.

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				companies to explain any efforts to address Scope 3 emissions in line with TCFD, such as engagement with suppliers, customers, or other stakeholders across the value chain, where relevant.

				Additionally, we expect companies in carbon-intensive industries⁹to disclose:

				• Public disclosure in accordance with all four pillars of Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework: (1) Governance, (2) Strategy, (3) Risk Management, (4) Metrics and Targets

				• Interim climate targets to accompany long-term climate ambitions

				• Discussion of scenario-planning on relevant risk assessment and strategic planning processes¹⁰

				• Incorporation of relevant climate considerations in financial planning and/or capital allocation decisions, and

				• Scope 1, 2, and relevant categories of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions¹¹

Say-on-Climate Criteria				While we are generally supportive of the goals of “Say-on-Climate” proposals because we support effective climate-related disclosure, we currently do not endorse an annual advisory climate vote. We have reservations with the potential unintended consequences of such a vote, including insulating directors from accountability, distracting from existing disclosure frameworks, and straining investors’ limited proxy voting resources. Where management chooses to include a Say-on-Climate vote, we assess the company’s disclosure on a case-by-case basis consistent with our Assessment Criteria for Climate Transition Plan Disclosure outlined below.

				9. State Street Global Advisors defines carbon-intensive industries as the following Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) subindustries: Electric Utilities, Integrated Oil &Gas, Multi-Utilities, Steel, Construction Materials, Independent Power Producers & Energy Traders, Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing, Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, Diversified Metals & Mining, Airlines, Commodity Chemicals, Industrial Gases, Aluminum, Oil & Gas Storage & Transportation, Multi-Sector Holdings, Diversified Chemicals, Fertilizers & Agricultural Chemicals, Air Freight & Logistics, Agricultural Products, Environmental & Facilities Services, Coal & Consumable Fuels, Paper Packaging, Railroads, Marine, Automotive Retail, Oil & Gas Drilling, Food Retail, Paper Products, Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines, Internet & Direct Marketing Retail, Hypermarkets & Supercenters, Precious Metals & Minerals.

				10. As recommended by TCFD, we believe quality disclosure on scenario analysis includes the following: (i) the company has evaluated and disclosed the resilience of their strategy and business model to climate-related risks and opportunities using climate-related scenario analysis (ii) the company has described the implications of the scenario-planning exercise on the business including relevant risk assessment and strategic planning processes. We are not prescriptive on scenario selection. The company may choose to evaluate a range of scenarios aligned with relevant jurisdictional commitments, sectoral decarbonization approaches, or publicly available scenarios aligned with limiting global temperature rise as recommended by TCFD.

				11. TCFD recommends the disclosure of Scope 1, Scope 2, and, if appropriate, Scope 3 emissions. We expect companies to identify and disclose the most relevant categories of Scope 3 emissions as defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard. However, we recognize that Scope 3 emissions estimates have a high degree of uncertainty and therefore if the company determines that categories of Scope of 3 are impracticable to estimate, we instead encourage companies to explain these limitations.

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				We would consider supporting a “Say-on-Climate” shareholder proposal if the company has not provided investors with meaningful climate-related disclosure in line with our expectations, nor signaled the intention to enhance disclosure in the future.

Climate Transition Plan Disclosure Criteria for Companies that Have Adopted a Climate Transition Plan				We do not require companies to adopt net zero ambitions¹²or join relevant industry initiatives. For companies that have adopted a net zero ambition and/or climate transition plan, the disclosure criteria set out below serve to provide transparency on the criteria we assess.¹³Given that climate-related risks present differently across industries, our assessment of the below criteria may vary to account for best practices in specific industries.

				• Ambition

				— Disclosure of long-term climate ambitions

				• Targets

				— Disclosure of short- and/or medium-term interim climate targets

				— Disclosure of alignment of climate targets with relevant jurisdictional commitments, specific temperature pathways, and/or sectoral decarbonization approaches

				• TCFD Disclosure

				— As recommended by TCFD:

				^○ Description of approach to identifying and assessing climate-related risks and opportunities

				^○ Disclosure of resilience of the company’s strategy, taking into consideration a range of climate-related scenarios

				^○ Disclosure of Scope 1, Scope 2, and relevant categories of Scope 3 emissions and any assurance

				• Decarbonization Strategy

				^○ Disclosure of plans and actions to support stated climate targets and ambitions

				^○ Disclosure of emissions management efforts within the company’s operations and, as applicable, across the value chain

				^○ Disclosure of carbon offsets utilization, if any

				12. “Net zero ambitions” are defined by State Street Global Advisors as a public statement/commitment to align the company’s emissions to third party frameworks or pathways for net zero.

				13. State Street Global Advisors does not require companies to adopt a climate transition plan.

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				^○ Disclosure of the role of climate solutions (e.g., carbon capture and storage)

				^○ Disclosure of potential social risks and opportunities¹⁴related to climate transition plan, if any

				• Capital Allocation

				^○ Disclosure of integration of relevant climate considerations in financial planning

				^○ Disclosure of total actual and planned capital deployed toward climate transition plan

				^○ Disclosure of approach to assessing and prioritizing investments toward climate transition plan (e.g., marginal abatement cost curves, internal carbon pricing, if any)

				• Climate Policy Engagement

				^○ Disclosure of position on climate-related topics relevant to the company’s decarbonization strategy

				^○ Disclosure of assessment of stated positions on relevant climate-related topics versus those of associations and other relevant policy-influencing entities, such as trade associations, industry bodies, or coalitions, to which the company belongs, and any efforts taken as a result of this review to address potential misalignment.

				• Climate Governance

				^○ Disclosure of the board’s role in overseeing climate transition plan

				^○ Disclosure of management’s role in overseeing climate transition plan

				• Physical Risk

				^○ Disclosure of assessment of climate-related physical risks

				^○ Disclosure of approach to managing identified climate-related physical risks

				14. Social risks and opportunities refer to the potential impacts on stakeholders, such as a company’s workforce, customers, communities, or supply chains related to the company’s climate transition plan, which may give rise to risks or opportunities related to human capital management, human rights, and economic development, among others.

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				• Stakeholder Engagement

				^○ Disclosure of engagement with relevant internal stakeholders related to climate transition plan (e.g., workforce training, cross-functional collaboration)

				^○ Disclosure of engagement with relevant external stakeholders related to climate transition plan (e.g., industry collaboration, customer engagement)

Methane Disclosure Criteria				For companies that own or operate oil and gas assets we believe quality disclosure includes the following:

				• Describe methane emissions detection and monitoring efforts

				• Explain efforts to enhance measurement, reporting, and verification

				• Describe the company’s strategy to manage methane emissions

				• Disclose any methane-related metrics and targets utilized

Nature-Related Disclosure: Biodiversity, Deforestation, Water Management, Wastewater Management, Plastics and Packaging, Waste Management, Product Lifecycle				For companies that have determined Biodiversity, Deforestation, Water Management, Wastewater Management, Plastics and Packaging, Waste Management, or Product Lifecycle to present a long-term risk and/or opportunity to their business and/or operations we believe quality disclosure should include the following, which aligns with the pillars of the TCFD framework:
				• Governance
				• Strategy

				• Risk management

				• Metrics and targets (when relevant)

				In assessing these criteria, we may review the company’s disclosure against industry and market practice (e.g., peer disclosure, relevant frameworks, relevant industry guidance).

Human Capital Management Disclosure Criteria				We believe quality public disclosure includes the following:
Human Capital Management Disclosure Criteria				• Board oversight Methods outlining how the board oversees human capital-related risks and opportunities

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				• Strategy Approaches to human capital management and how these advance the long- term business strategy

				• Compensation Strategies throughout the organization that aim to attract and retain employees, and incentivize contribution to an effective human capital strategy

				• Voice Channels to ensure the concerns and ideas from workers are solicited and acted upon, and how the workforce is engaged and empowered in the organization, and

				• Diversity, equity, and inclusion Efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Disclosure				We believe quality public disclosure includes the following:
Criteria				• Board Oversight Describe how the board executes its oversight role in risks and opportunities related to diversity and inclusion

				• Strategy Articulate the role that diversity (of race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum) plays in the company’s broader human capital management practices and long-term strategy

				• Goals Describe what diversity, equity, and inclusion-related goals exist, how these goals contribute to the company’s overall strategy, and how they are managed and progressing

				• Metrics Provide measures of the diversity of the company’s global employee base and board, including:

				^○ Workforce Employee diversity by race, ethnicity, and gender (at minimum). We expect to see this information to be broken down by industry-relevant employment categories or levels of seniority, for all full-time employees. In the US, companies are expected to at least use the disclosure framework set forth by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey. Non-US companies are encouraged to disclose this information in alignment with SASB guidance and nationally appropriate frameworks; and,

				^○ Board Diversity characteristics, including racial, ethnic, and gender makeup (at minimum) of the board of directors; and

				^○ Board Diversity Articulate goals and strategy related to diverse representation at the board (including race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum), including how the board reflects the diversity of the company’s workforce, community, customers, and other key stakeholders.

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Pay Equity Disclosure Criteria (United States and United Kingdom				We believe quality disclosure for companies in the United States and the United Kingdom includes the following:
Only)				• Adjusted pay gaps related to race and gender within the company (disclosure of the unadjusted pay gap is also encouraged, but not expected outside of the United Kingdom market at this time);

				• Strategy to achieve and maintain pay equity; and

				• Role of the board in overseeing pay strategies as well as diversity, equity and inclusion efforts

Civil Rights Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)				We believe quality disclosure for companies in the United States includes the following:
				• Risks related to civil rights, including risks associated with products, practices, and services;

				• Plans to manage and mitigate these risks; and

				• Processes at the board for overseeing such risks (e.g., committee responsible, frequency of discussions, etc.).

Human Rights Disclosure Criteria				We expect portfolio companies to regularly identify whether there are risks related to human rights¹⁵in their operations and manage any material risks that emerge, providing relevant disclosures to investors.

				We believe all companies should disclose whether they have established processes for identifying risks related to human rights. For companies where material human rights risks are identified, we believe quality disclosure includes the following:

				• Human rights-related risks the company considers most material

				• Plans to manage and mitigate these risks

				• Board oversight of these risks, and

				• Assessment of the effectiveness of the human rights risk management program

				15. As defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

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Political Contributions Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)				We believe quality disclosure companies in the United States includes the following information:
				• All contributions, no matter the dollar value, made by the company, its subsidiaries, and/ or affiliated Political Action Committees (PACs) to individual candidates, PACs, and other political organizations at the state and federal levels in the United States; and

				• The role of the board in oversight of political contributions.

Lobbying Disclosure Criteria (United States Only)				We believe quality disclosure for companies in the United States includes the following:
				• Membership in United States trade associations (to which payments are above $50,000 per year) and

				• The role of the board in overseeing lobbying activities.

Trade Association Alignment Disclosure				We believe quality disclosure for companies includes the following:
Criteria				• The board’s role in overseeing the company’s participation in the political process, including membership in trade associations or other policy-influencing entities; and

				• Whether the company regularly performs a gap analysis of its stated positions on relevant issues versus those of the trade associations or other policy-influencing organizations of which it is a member, and

				• Whether the company disclosed a list of its trade association memberships

				Note:We believe that management is best suited to take positions on the matters related to their company, and therefore we do not recommend any specific position. Our support of these types of shareholder proposals, if any, solely reflects our support for enhanced disclosure on assessing alignment between stated company positions and the positions of associations and other relevant policy-influencing entities to which the company belongs in line with market expectations and effective risk management.

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About State Street Global Advisors				For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. As pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth- largest asset manager* with US $4.13 trillion^† under our care.

				* Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2022.
				^† This figure is presented as of December 31, 2023 and includes approximately $64.44 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated.

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The U.S. research team provides proxy analyses and voting recommendations for the common shareholder meetings of U.S. - incorporated companies that are publicly-traded on U.S. exchanges, as well as certain OTC companies, if they are held in our institutional investor clients’ portfolios. Coverage generally includes corporate actions for common equity holders, such as written consents and bankruptcies. ISS’ U.S. coverage includes investment companies (including open-end funds, closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds, and unit investment trusts), limited partnerships (“LPs”), master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), limited liability companies (“LLCs”), and business development companies. ISS reviews its universe of coverage on an annual basis, and the coverage is subject to change based on client need and industry trends.

In addition to U.S.- incorporated, U.S.- listed companies, ISS’ U.S. policies are applied to certain foreign-incorporated company analyses. Like the SEC, ISS distinguishes two types of companies that list but are not incorporated in the U.S.:

U.S. incorporated companies listed only on non-U.S. exchanges are generally covered under the ISS guidelines for the market on which they are traded.

An FPI is generally covered under ISS’ approach to FPIs outlined above, even if such FPI voluntarily files a proxy statement and/or other filing normally required of a U.S. Domestic Issuer, so long as the company retains its FPI status.

In all cases – including with respect to other companies with cross-market features that may lead to ballot items related to multiple markets – items that are on the ballot solely due to the requirements of another market (listing, incorporation, or national code) may be evaluated under the policy of the relevant market, regardless of the

Independence: Boards should be sufficiently independent from management (and significant shareholders) to ensure that they are able and motivated to effectively supervise management’s performance for the benefit of all shareholders, including in setting and monitoring the execution of corporate strategy, with appropriate use of shareholder capital, and in setting and monitoring executive compensation programs that support that strategy. The chair of the board should ideally be an independent director, and all boards should have an independent leadership position or a similar role in order to help provide appropriate counterbalance to executive management, as well as having sufficiently independent committees that focus on key governance concerns such as audit, compensation, and nomination of directors.

Composition: Companies should ensure that directors add value to the board through their specific skills and expertise and by having sufficient time and commitment to serve effectively. Boards should be of a size appropriate to accommodate diversity, expertise, and independence, while ensuring active and collaborative participation by all members. Boards should be sufficiently diverse to ensure consideration of a wide range of perspectives.

Responsiveness: Directors should respond to investor input, such as that expressed through significant opposition to management proposals, significant support for shareholder proposals (whether binding or non-binding), and tender offers where a majority of shares are tendered.

Accountability: Boards should be sufficiently accountable to shareholders, including through transparency of the company’s governance practices and regular board elections, by the provision of sufficient information for shareholders to be able to assess directors and board composition, and through the ability of shareholders to remove directors.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new nominees¹ considered on case-by-case basis):

Vote against² or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and Non-Independent Non-Executive Directors per ISS’ Classification of Directors) when:

¹ A “new nominee” is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.

² In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.

Executive Director

1.1.

Current officer¹of the company or one of its affiliates².

Non-Independent Non-Executive Director

Board Identification

2.1.

Director identified as not independent by the board.

Controlling/Significant

Shareholder

2.2.

Beneficial owner of more than 50 percent of the company’s voting power (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a group).

Current Employment at Company or Related Company

2.3.

Non-officer employee of the firm (including employee representatives).

2.4.

Officer¹, former officer, or general or limited partner of a joint venture or partnership with the company.

Former Employment

2.5.

Former CEO of the company. ^{3, 4}

2.6.

Former non-CEO officer¹of the company or an affiliate²within the past five years.

2.7.

Former officer¹of an acquired company within the past five years.⁴

2.8.

Officer¹of a former parent or predecessor firm at the time the company was sold or split off within the past five years.

2.9.

Former interim officer if the service was longer than 18 months. If the service was between 12 and 18 months an assessment of the interim officer’s employment agreement will be made.⁵

Family Members

2.10.

Immediate family member⁶of a current or former officer¹of the company or its affiliates²within the last five years.

2.11.

Immediate family member⁶of a current employee of company or its affiliates²where additional factors raise concern (which may include, but are not limited to, the following: a director related to numerous employees; the company or its affiliates employ relatives of numerous board members; or a non- Section 16 officer in a key strategic role).

Professional, Transactional, and Charitable Relationships

2.12.

Director who (or whose immediate family member⁶) currently provides professional services⁷in excess of $10,000 per year to: the company, an affiliate², or an individual officer of the company or an affiliate; or who is (or whose immediate family member⁶is) a partner, employee, or controlling shareholder of an organization which provides the services.

2.13.

Director who (or whose immediate family member⁶) currently has any material transactional relationship⁸with the company or its affiliates²; or who is (or whose immediate family member⁶is) a partner in, or a controlling shareholder or an executive officer of, an organization which has the material transactional relationship⁸(excluding investments in the company through a private placement).

2.14.

Director who (or whose immediate family member⁶) is a trustee, director, or employee of a charitable or non-profit organization that receives material grants or endowments⁸from the company or its affiliates².

Other Relationships

2.15.

Party to a voting agreement⁹to vote in line with management on proposals being brought to shareholder vote.

2.16.

Has (or an immediate family member⁶has) an interlocking relationship as defined by the SEC involving members of the board of directors or its Compensation Committee.¹⁰

2.17.

Founder¹¹of the company but not currently an employee.

2.18.

Director with pay comparable to Named Executive Officers.

2.19.

Any material¹²relationship with the company.

Independent Director

3.1.

No material¹²connection to the company other than a board seat.

Footnotes:

1. The definition of officer will generally follow that of a “Section 16 officer” (officers subject to Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934) and includes the chief executive, operating, financial, legal, technology, and accounting officers of a company (including the president, treasurer, secretary, controller, or any vice president in charge of a principal business unit, division, or policy function). Current interim officers are included in this category. For private companies, the equivalent positions are applicable. A non-employee director serving as an officer due to statutory requirements (e.g. corporate secretary) will generally be classified as a Non-Independent Non-Executive Director under “Any material relationship with the company.” However, if the company provides explicit disclosure that the director is not receiving additional compensation exceeding $10,000 per year for serving in that capacity, then the director will be classified as an Independent Director.

2. “Affiliate” includes a subsidiary, sibling company, or parent company. ISS uses 50 percent control ownership by the parent company as the standard for applying its affiliate designation. The manager/advisor of an externally managed issuer (EMI) is considered an affiliate.

3. Includes any former CEO of the company prior to the company’s initial public offering (IPO).

4. When there is a former CEO of a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) serving on the board of an acquired company, ISS will generally classify such directors as independent unless determined otherwise taking into account the following factors: the applicable listing standards determination of such director’s independence; any operating ties to the firm; and the existence of any other conflicting relationships or related party transactions.

5. ISS will look at the terms of the interim officer’s employment contract to determine if it contains severance pay, long-term health and pension benefits, or other such standard provisions typically contained in contracts of permanent, non-temporary CEOs. ISS will also consider if a formal search process was under way for a full-time officer at the time.

6. “Immediate family member” follows the SEC’s definition of such and covers spouses, parents, children, step-parents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company.

7. Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature, generally involve access to sensitive company information or to strategic decision-making, and typically have a commission- or fee-based payment structure. Professional services generally include but are not limited to the following: investment banking/financial advisory services, commercial banking (beyond deposit services), investment services, insurance services, accounting/audit services, consulting services, marketing services, legal services, property management services, realtor services, lobbying services, executive search services, and IT consulting services. The following would generally be considered transactional relationships and not professional services: deposit services, IT tech support services, educational services, and construction services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transactional (and hence subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional relationship. “Of Counsel” relationships are only considered immaterial if the individual does not receive any form of compensation (in excess of $10,000 per year) from, or is a retired partner of, the firm providing the professional service. The case of a company providing a professional service to one of its directors or to an entity with which one of its directors is affiliated, will be considered a transactional rather than a professional relationship. Insurance services and marketing services are assumed to be professional services unless the company explains why such services are not advisory.

8. A material transactional relationship, including grants to non-profit organizations, exists if the company makes annual payments to, or receives annual payments from, another entity, exceeding the greater of: $200,000 or 5 percent of the recipient’s gross revenues, for a company that follows NASDAQ listing standards; or the greater of $1,000,000 or 2 percent of the recipient’s gross revenues, for a company that follows NYSE listing standards. For a company that follows neither of the preceding standards, ISS will apply the NASDAQ-based materiality test. (The recipient is the party receiving the financial proceeds from the transaction).

9. Dissident directors who are parties to a voting agreement pursuant to a settlement or similar arrangement may be classified as Independent Directors if an analysis of the following factors indicates that the voting agreement does not compromise their alignment with all shareholders’ interests: the terms of the agreement; the duration of the standstill provision in the agreement; the limitations and requirements of actions that are agreed upon; if the dissident director nominee(s) is subject to the standstill; and if there any conflicting relationships or related party transactions.

10. Interlocks include: executive officers serving as directors on each other’s compensation or similar committees (or, in the absence of such a committee, on the board); or executive officers sitting on each other’s boards and at least one serves on the other’s compensation or similar committees (or, in the absence of such a committee, on the board).

11. The operating involvement of the founder with the company will be considered; if the founder was never employed by the company, ISS may deem him or her an Independent Director.

Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings: Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees who served only part of the fiscal year³) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

In cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.

If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.

Overboarded Directors: Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:

Gender Diversity: Generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company’s board. An exception will be made if there was at least one woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to return to a gender-diverse status within a year.

Racial and/or Ethnic Diversity: For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) where the board has no apparent racially or ethnically diverse members⁵. An exception will be made if there was racial and/or ethnic diversity on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to appoint at least one racial and/or ethnic diverse member within a year.

³ Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from the attendance policy.

⁴ Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (>50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.

⁵ Aggregate diversity statistics provided by the board will only be considered if specific to racial and/or ethnic diversity.

Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:

Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:

Poison Pills: Generally vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees¹, who should be considered case-by-case) if:

⁶ If a short-term pill with a deadhand or slowhand feature is enacted but expires before the next shareholder vote, ISS will generally still recommend withhold/against nominees at the next shareholder meeting following its adoption.

Vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial short-term pill⁶ (with a term of one year or less) without shareholder approval, taking into consideration:

Unequal Voting Rights: Generally vote withhold or against directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees¹, who should be considered case-by-case), if the company employs a common stock structure with unequal voting rights⁸.

Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.

Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board structure.

Problematic Governance Structure: For companies that hold or held their first annual meeting⁹ of public shareholders after Feb. 1, 2015, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees¹, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:

⁷ Approval prior to, or in connection, with a company’s becoming publicly-traded, or in connection with a de-SPAC transaction, is insufficient.

⁸ This generally includes classes of common stock that have additional votes per share than other shares; classes of shares that are not entitled to vote on all the same ballot items or nominees; or stock with time-phased voting rights (“loyalty shares”).

⁹ Includes companies that emerge from bankruptcy, SPAC transactions, spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.

A provision which specifies that the problematic structure(s) will be sunset within seven years of the date of going public will be considered a mitigating factor.

Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent years.

Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments: Generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees¹, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company’s bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders’ rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:

Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case-by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except new nominees¹, who should be considered case-by-case) if the directors:

Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals: Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:

Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders’ rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.

Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group

(Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:

Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions: Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:

Vote case-by-case on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:

In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other committee members, or potentially the full board if:

Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e. two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.

Problematic Pledging of Company Stock: Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:

For companies that are significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, through their operations or value chain¹⁰, generally vote against or withhold from the incumbent chair of the responsible committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) in cases where ISS determines that the company is not taking the minimum steps needed to understand, assess, and mitigate risks related to climate change to the company and the larger economy.

Minimum steps to understand and mitigate those risks are considered to be the following. Both minimum criteria will be required to be in alignment with the policy :

At this time, “appropriate GHG emissions reductions targets” will be medium-term GHG reduction targets or Net Zero-by-2050 GHG reduction targets for a company’s operations (Scope 1) and electricity use (Scope 2). Targets should cover the vast majority of the company’s direct emissions.

Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:

¹⁰ Companies defined as “significant GHG emitters” will be those on the current Climate Action 100+ Focus Group list.

¹¹Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; demonstrably poor risk oversight of environmental and social issues, including climate change; significant adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.

General Recommendation: In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public “vote-no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:

In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals seeking a policy that prohibits named executive officers from engaging in derivative or speculative transactions involving company stock, including hedging, holding stock in a margin account, or pledging stock as collateral for a loan. However, the company’s existing policies regarding responsible use of company stock will be considered.

Board refreshment is best implemented through an ongoing program of individual director evaluations, conducted annually, to ensure the evolving needs of the board are met and to bring in fresh perspectives, skills, and diversity as needed.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals regarding director term/tenure limits, considering:

Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking for the company to adopt director term/tenure limits, considering:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against management and shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of independent directors through mandatory retirement ages. Vote for proposals to remove mandatory age limits.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size.

Vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.

Vote for proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals seeking disclosure on a CEO succession planning policy, considering, at a minimum, the following factors:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against management proposals to eliminate cumulate voting, and for shareholder proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting, unless:

Vote for proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (insider voting power > 50%).

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals on director and officer indemnification, liability protection, and exculpation¹³.

Consider the stated rationale for the proposed change. Also consider, among other factors, the extent to which the proposal would:

Vote for those proposals providing such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if both of the following apply:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on the reasonableness of the criteria and the degree to which they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.

Vote case-by-case on shareholder resolutions seeking a director nominee who possesses a particular subject matter expertise, considering:

Limited liability: a person’s financial liability is limited to a fixed sum, or personal financial assets are not at risk if the individual loses a lawsuit that results in financial award/damages to the plaintiff.

Exculpation: to eliminate or limit the personal liability of a director or officer to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals to establish a new board committee, as such proposals seek a specific oversight mechanism/structure that potentially limits a company’s flexibility to determine an appropriate oversight mechanism for itself. However, the following factors will be considered:

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

Vote for proposals to restore shareholders’ ability to remove directors with or without cause.

Vote against proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.

Vote for proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following:

The following factors will increase the likelihood of a “for” recommendation:

General Recommendation: Vote for shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by ISS’ definition of Independent Director (See ISS’ Classification of Directors.)

Vote for shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors unless they currently meet that standard.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for management proposals to adopt a majority of votes cast standard for directors in uncontested elections. Vote against if no carve-out for a plurality vote standard in contested elections is included.

Generally vote for precatory and binding shareholder resolutions requesting that the board change the company’s bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast, provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated. Binding resolutions need to allow for a carve-out for a plurality vote standard when there are more nominees than board seats.

Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a post-election policy (also known as a director resignation policy) that will provide guidelines so that the company will promptly address the situation of a holdover director.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals for proxy access with the following provisions:

Review for reasonableness any other restrictions on the right of proxy access. Generally vote against proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.

General Recommendation: Vote against shareholder proposals that would require a company to nominate more candidates than the number of open board seats.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requesting that the board establish an internal mechanism/process, which may include a committee, in order to improve communications between directors and shareholders, unless the company has the following features, as appropriate:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the issue of auditor indemnification and limitation of liability. Factors to be assessed include, but are not limited to:

Vote against or withhold from members of an audit committee in situations where there is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to ratify auditors unless any of the following apply:

Tax compliance and preparation include the preparation of original and amended tax returns and refund claims, and tax payment planning. All other services in the tax category, such as tax advice, planning, or consulting, should be added to “Other” fees. If the breakout of tax fees cannot be determined, add all tax fees to “Other” fees.

In circumstances where “Other” fees include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events (such as initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs) and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees that are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on advance notice proposals, giving support to those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals/nominations as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory, and shareholder review.

To be reasonable, the company’s deadline for shareholder notice of a proposal/nominations must be no earlier than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the previous year’s meeting and have a submittal window of no shorter than 30 days from the beginning of the notice period (also known as a 90-120-day window). The submittal window is the period under which shareholders must file their proposals/nominations prior to the deadline.

In general, support additional efforts by companies to ensure full disclosure in regard to a proponent’s economic and voting position in the company so long as the informational requirements are reasonable and aimed at providing shareholders with the necessary information to review such proposals.

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws.

Vote case-by-case on proposals giving the board the ability to amend the bylaws in addition to shareholders, taking into account the following:

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.

Vote against proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.

Control share acquisition statutes function by denying shares their voting rights when they contribute to ownership in excess of certain thresholds. Voting rights for those shares exceeding ownership limits may only be restored by approval of either a majority or supermajority of disinterested shares. Thus, control share acquisition statutes effectively require a hostile bidder to put its offer to a shareholder vote or risk voting disenfranchisement if the bidder continues buying up a large block of shares.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to opt out of control share cash-out statutes.

Control share cash-out statutes give dissident shareholders the right to “cash-out” of their position in a company at the expense of the shareholder who has taken a control position. In other words, when an investor crosses a preset threshold level, remaining shareholders are given the right to sell their shares to the acquirer, who must buy them at the highest acquiring price.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.

Disgorgement provisions require an acquirer or potential acquirer of more than a certain percentage of a company’s stock to disgorge, or pay back, to the company any profits realized from the sale of that company’s stock purchased 24 months before achieving control status. All sales of company stock by the acquirer occurring within a certain period of time (between 18 months and 24 months) prior to the investor’s gaining control status are subject to these recapture-of-profits provisions.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to adopt fair price provisions (provisions that stipulate that an acquirer must pay the same price to acquire all shares as it paid to acquire the control shares), evaluating factors such as the vote required to approve the proposed acquisition, the vote required to repeal the fair price provision, and the mechanism for determining the fair price.

Generally vote against fair price provisions with shareholder vote requirements greater than a majority of disinterested shares.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to opt out of state freeze-out provisions. Freeze-out provisions force an investor who surpasses a certain ownership threshold in a company to wait a specified period of time before gaining control of the company.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.

Vote case-by-case on anti-greenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.

Greenmail payments are targeted share repurchases by management of company stock from individuals or groups seeking control of the company. Since only the hostile party receives payment, usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares, the practice discriminates against all other shareholders.

Federal forum selection provisions require that U.S. federal courts be the sole forum for shareholders to litigate claims arising under federal securities law.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for federal forum selection provisions in the charter or bylaws that specify “the district courts of the United States” as the exclusive forum for federal securities law matters, in the absence of serious concerns about corporate governance or board responsiveness to shareholders.

Vote against provisions that restrict the forum to a particular federal district court; unilateral adoption (without a shareholder vote) of such a provision will generally be considered a one-time failure under the Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.

Exclusive forum provisions in the charter or bylaws restrict shareholders’ ability to bring derivative lawsuits against the company, for claims arising out of state corporate law, to the courts of a particular state (generally the state of incorporation).

General Recommendation: Generally vote for charter or bylaw provisions that specify courts located within the state of Delaware as the exclusive forum for corporate law matters for Delaware corporations, in the absence of serious concerns about corporate governance or board responsiveness to shareholders.

For states other than Delaware, vote case-by-case on exclusive forum provisions, taking into consideration:

Generally vote against provisions that specify a state other than the state of incorporation as the exclusive forum for corporate law matters, or that specify a particular local court within the state; unilateral adoption of such a provision will generally be considered a one-time failure under the Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.

Fee-shifting provisions in the charter or bylaws require that a shareholder who sues a company unsuccessfully pay all litigation expenses of the defendant corporation and its directors and officers.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against provisions that mandate fee-shifting whenever plaintiffs are not completely successful on the merits (i.e., including cases where the plaintiffs are partially successful).

Unilateral adoption of a fee-shifting provision will generally be considered an ongoing failure under the Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals to adopt a protective amendment for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (NOL) if the effective term of the protective amendment would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.

Vote case-by-case, considering the following factors, for management proposals to adopt an NOL protective amendment that would remain in effect for the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:

General Recommendation: Vote for shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it unless the company has: (1) A shareholder-approved poison pill in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:

If the shareholder proposal calls for a time period of less than 12 months for shareholder ratification after adoption, vote for the proposal, but add the caveat that a vote within 12 months would be considered sufficient implementation.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:

In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the company’s existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (NOL) if the term of the pill would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.

Vote case-by-case on management proposals for poison pill ratification, considering the following factors, if the term of the pill would be the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals regarding proxy voting mechanics, taking into consideration whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder rights. Specific issues covered under the policy include, but are not limited to, confidential voting of individual proxies and ballots, confidentiality of running vote tallies, and the treatment of abstentions and/or broker non-votes in the company’s vote-counting methodology.

While a variety of factors may be considered in each analysis, the guiding principles are: transparency, consistency, and fairness in the proxy voting process. The factors considered, as applicable to the proposal, may include:

Ratification Proposals: Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions

General Recommendation: Generally vote against management proposals to ratify provisions of the company’s existing charter or bylaws, unless these governance provisions align with best practice.

In addition, voting against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board may be warranted, considering:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.

When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, vote for the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.

Generally vote for shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following apply:

General Recommendation: Management or shareholder proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated case-by-case, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns including the following:

Vote for reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to act by written consent.

Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:

Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company has the following governance and antitakeover provisions:

General Recommendation: Vote against management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to call special meetings.

Generally vote for management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals that ask the board to consider non-shareholder constituencies or other non-financial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, and anti-greenmail provisions).

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.

Vote for management or shareholder proposals to reduce supermajority vote requirements. However, for companies with shareholder(s) who have significant ownership levels, vote case-by-case, taking into account:

¹⁴ “Unfettered” means no restrictions on agenda items, no restrictions on the number of shareholders who can group together to reach the 10 percent threshold, and only reasonable limits on when a meeting can be called: no greater than 30 days after the last annual meeting and no greater than 90 prior to the next annual meeting.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only¹⁵ meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in-person meeting.

Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals concerning virtual-only meetings, considering:

¹⁵ Virtual-only shareholder meeting” refers to a meeting of shareholders that is held exclusively using technology without a corresponding in-person meeting.

General Recommendation: Vote for management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock unless the action is being taken to facilitate an anti-takeover device or some other negative corporate governance action.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock that are to be used for general corporate purposes:

Generally vote against proposed increases, even if within the above ratios, if the proposal or the company’s prior or ongoing use of authorized shares is problematic, including, but not limited to:

However, generally vote for proposed increases beyond the above ratios or problematic situations when there is disclosure of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request, such as:

For companies incorporated in states that allow increases in authorized capital without shareholder approval, generally vote withhold or against all nominees if a unilateral capital authorization increase does not conform to the above policies.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with transaction(s) (such as acquisitions, SPAC transactions, private placements, or similar transactions) on the same ballot, or disclosed in the proxy statement, that warrant support. For such transactions, the allowable increase will be the greater of:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals to create a new class of common stock unless:

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a non-shareholder-approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that seek preemptive rights, taking into consideration:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock that are to be used for general corporate purposes:

Generally vote against proposed increases, even if within the above ratios, if the proposal or the company’s prior or ongoing use of authorized shares is problematic, including, but not limited to:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with transaction(s) (such as acquisitions, SPAC transactions, private placements, or similar transactions) on the same ballot, or disclosed in the proxy statement, that warrant support. For such transactions, the allowable increase will be the greater of:

¹⁶ To be acceptable, appropriate disclosure would be needed that the shares are “declawed”: i.e., representation by the board that it will not, without prior stockholder approval, issue or use the preferred stock for any defensive or anti-takeover purpose or for the purpose of implementing any stockholder rights plan.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on recapitalizations (reclassifications of securities), taking into account the following:

General Recommendation: Vote for management proposals to implement a reverse stock split if:

Vote case-by-case on proposals that do not meet either of the above conditions, taking into consideration the following factors:

General Recommendation: For U.S. domestic issuers incorporated outside the U.S. and listed solely on a U.S. exchange, generally vote for resolutions to authorize the issuance of common shares up to 20 percent of currently issued common share capital, where not tied to a specific transaction or financing proposal.

For pre-revenue or other early-stage companies that are heavily reliant on periodic equity financing, generally vote for resolutions to authorize the issuance of common shares up to 50 percent of currently issued common share capital. The burden of proof will be on the company to establish that it has a need for the higher limit.

Vote case-by-case on share issuances for a specific transaction or financing proposal.

General Recommendation: For U.S.-incorporated companies, and foreign-incorporated U.S. Domestic Issuers that are traded solely on U.S. exchanges, vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms, or to grant the board authority to conduct open-market repurchases, in the absence of company-specific concerns regarding:

Vote case-by-case on proposals to repurchase shares directly from specified shareholders, balancing the stated rationale against the possibility for the repurchase authority to be misused, such as to repurchase shares from insiders at a premium to market price.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Vote for the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for management proposals to increase the common share authorization for stock split or stock dividend, provided that the effective increase in authorized shares is equal to or is less than the allowable increase calculated in accordance with ISS’ Common Stock Authorization policy.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the creation of tracking stock, weighing the strategic value of the transaction against such factors as:

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to restore or provide shareholders with rights of appraisal.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on asset purchase proposals, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on asset sales, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on bundled or “conditional” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, vote against the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, support such proposals.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals regarding conversion of securities. When evaluating these proposals, the investor should review the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest.

Vote for the conversion if it is expected that the company will be subject to onerous penalties or will be forced to file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt restructuring plan, after evaluating:

Vote for the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals regarding the formation of a holding company, taking into consideration the following:

Absent compelling financial reasons to recommend for the transaction, vote against the formation of a holding company if the transaction would include either of the following:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on going private transactions, taking into account the following:

Vote case-by-case on going dark transactions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by taking into consideration:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to form joint ventures, taking into account the following:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on liquidations, taking into account the following:

Vote for the liquidation if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals regarding private placements, warrants, and convertible debentures taking into consideration:

Vote for the private placement, or for the issuance of warrants and/or convertible debentures in a private placement, if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to common shareholders on bankruptcy plans of reorganization, considering the following factors including, but not limited to:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on SPAC mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on SPAC extension proposals taking into account the length of the requested extension, the status of any pending transaction(s) or progression of the acquisition process, any added incentive for non-redeeming shareholders, and any prior extension requests.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals seeking to maximize shareholder value by:

Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.

Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or “SOP”) if:

Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices¹⁷, this analysis considers the following:

If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:

¹⁷ The Russell 3000E Index includes approximately 4,000 of the largest U.S. equity securities.

¹⁸ The revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group, and company’s selected peers’ GICS industry group, with size constraints, via a process designed to select peers that are comparable to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry, and also within a market-cap bucket that is reflective of the company’s market cap. For Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels companies, market cap is the only size determinant.

¹⁹ Only Russell 3000 Index companies are subject to the Absolute Alignment analysis.

Problematic pay elements are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company’s overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:

The list of examples below highlights certain problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:

The above examples are not an exhaustive list. Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for additional detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as problematic and may lead to negative vote recommendations.

The following factors should be examined case-by-case to allow for distinctions to be made between “sloppy” plan administration versus deliberate action or fraud:

Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:

General Recommendation: Vote for annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concerns about companies’ executive pay programs.

Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on say on Golden Parachute proposals, including consideration of existing change-in-control arrangements maintained with named executive officers but also considering new or extended arrangements.

Features that may result in an “against” recommendation include one or more of the following, depending on the number, magnitude, and/or timing of issue(s):

Recent amendment(s) that incorporate problematic features will tend to carry more weight on the overall analysis. However, the presence of multiple legacy problematic features will also be closely scrutinized.

In cases where the golden parachute vote is incorporated into a company’s advisory vote on compensation (management say-on-pay), ISS will evaluate the say-on-pay proposal in accordance with these guidelines, which may give higher weight to that component of the overall evaluation.

Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans²¹ depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an “Equity Plan Scorecard” (EPSC) approach with three pillars:

Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders’ interests, or if any of the following egregious factors (“overriding factors”) apply:

²¹ Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.

The cost of the equity plans is expressed as Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT), which is measured using a binomial option pricing model that assesses the amount of shareholders’ equity flowing out of the company to employees and directors. SVT is expressed as both a dollar amount and as a percentage of market value, and includes the new shares proposed, shares available under existing plans, and shares granted but unexercised (using two measures, in the case of plans subject to the Equity Plan Scorecard evaluation, as noted above). All award types are valued. For omnibus plans, unless limitations are placed on the most expensive types of awards (for example, full-value awards), the assumption is made that all awards to be granted will be the most expensive types.

For proposals that are not subject to the Equity Plan Scorecard evaluation, Shareholder Value Transfer is reasonable if it falls below a company-specific benchmark. The benchmark is determined as follows: The top quartile performers in each industry group (using the Global Industry Classification Standard: GICS) are identified. Benchmark SVT levels for each industry are established based on these top performers’ historic SVT. Regression analyses are run on each industry group to identify the variables most strongly correlated to SVT. The benchmark industry SVT level is then adjusted upwards or downwards for the specific company by plugging the company-specific performance measures, size, and cash compensation into the industry cap equations to arrive at the company’s benchmark.²²

A “Value-Adjusted Burn Rate” is used for stock plan evaluations. Value-Adjusted Burn Rate benchmarks are calculated as the greater of: (1) an industry-specific threshold based on three-year burn rates within the company’s GICS group segmented by S&P 500, Russell 3000 index (less the S&P 500) and non-Russell 3000 index; and (2) a de minimis threshold established separately for each of the S&P 500, the Russell 3000 index less the S&P 500, and the non-Russell 3000 index. Year-over-year burn-rate benchmark changes will be limited to a predetermined range above or below the prior year’s burn-rate benchmark.

Value-Adjusted Burn Rate = ((# of options * option’s dollar value using a Black-Scholes model) + (# of full-value awards * stock price)) / (Weighted average common shares * stock price).

Generally vote against equity plans if the plan has a liberal definition of change in control and the equity awards could vest upon such liberal definition of change in control, even though an actual change in control may not occur. Examples of such a definition include, but are not limited to, announcement or commencement of a tender offer, provisions for acceleration upon a “potential” takeover, shareholder approval of a merger or other transactions, or similar language.

²² For plans evaluated under the Equity Plan Scorecard policy, the company’s SVT benchmark is considered along with other factors.

Vote against plans that expressly permit the repricing or exchange of underwater stock options/stock appreciate rights (SARs) without prior shareholder approval. “Repricing” typically includes the ability to do any of the following:

While the above cover most types of repricing, ISS may view other provisions as akin to repricing depending on the facts and circumstances.

Also, vote against or withhold from members of the Compensation Committee who approved repricing (as defined above or otherwise determined by ISS), without prior shareholder approval, even if such repricings are allowed in their equity plan.

Vote against plans that do not expressly prohibit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval if the company has a history of repricing/buyouts without shareholder approval, and the applicable listing standards would not preclude them from doing so.

If the equity plan on the ballot is a vehicle for problematic pay practices, vote against the plan.

ISS may recommend a vote against the equity plan if the plan is determined to be a vehicle for pay-for-performance misalignment. Considerations in voting against the equity plan may include, but are not limited to:

Amending Cash and Equity Plans (including Approval for Tax Deductibility (162(m))

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on amendments to cash and equity incentive plans.

Generally vote for proposals to amend executive cash, stock, or cash and stock incentive plans if the proposal:

Vote against proposals to amend executive cash, stock, or cash and stock incentive plans if the proposal:

Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to amend cash incentive plans. This includes plans presented to shareholders for the first time after the company’s IPO and/or proposals that bundle material amendment(s) other than those for Section 162(m) purposes.

Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to amend equity incentive plans, considering the following:

In the first two case-by-case evaluation scenarios, the EPSC evaluation/score is the more heavily weighted consideration.

Options that have Dividend Equivalent Rights (DERs) associated with them will have a higher calculated award value than those without DERs under the binomial model, based on the value of these dividend streams. The higher value will be applied to new shares, shares available under existing plans, and shares awarded but not exercised per the plan specifications. DERS transfer more shareholder equity to employees and non-employee directors and this cost should be captured.

Operating Partnership (OP) Units in Equity Plan Analysis of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

For Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS), include the common shares issuable upon conversion of outstanding Operating Partnership (OP) units in the share count for the purposes of determining: (1) market capitalization in the Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) analysis and (2) shares outstanding in the burn rate analysis.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to implement an ESOP or increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, unless the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is excessive (more than five percent of outstanding shares).

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on qualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote for employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:

Vote against qualified employee stock purchase plans where when the plan features do not meet all of the above criteria.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote for nonqualified employee stock purchase plans with all the following features:

Vote against nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when the plan features do not meet all of the above criteria. If the matching contribution or effective discount exceeds the above, ISS may evaluate the SVT cost of the plan as part of the assessment.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options taking into consideration:

If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into consideration the company’s total cost of equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.

In addition to the above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous drop in the company’s stock price demonstrates poor timing and warrants additional scrutiny. Also, consider the terms of the surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that repricings are being done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of surrendered options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on plans that provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of their cash compensation in the form of stock.

Vote for non-employee director-only equity plans that provide a dollar-for-dollar cash-for-stock exchange.

Vote case-by-case on plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange. In cases where the exchange is not dollar-for-dollar, the request for new or additional shares for such equity program will be considered using the binomial option pricing model. In an effort to capture the total cost of total compensation, ISS will not make any adjustments to carve out the in-lieu-of cash compensation.

General Recommendation: One-time Transfers: Vote against or withhold from compensation committee members if they fail to submit one-time transfers to shareholders for approval.

Additionally, management should provide a clear explanation of why options are being transferred to a third-party institution and whether the events leading up to a decline in stock price were beyond management’s control. A review of the company’s historic stock price volatility should indicate if the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term.

Ongoing TSO program: Vote against equity plan proposals if the details of ongoing TSO programs are not provided to shareholders. Since TSOs will be one of the award types under a stock plan, the ongoing TSO program, structure, and mechanics must be disclosed to shareholders. The specific criteria to be considered in evaluating these proposals include, but not limited, to the following:

Amendments to existing plans that allow for introduction of transferability of stock options should make clear that only options granted post-amendment shall be transferable.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals seeking ratification of non-employee director compensation, based on the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on compensation plans for non-employee directors, based on:

On occasion, non-employee director stock plans will exceed the plan cost or burn-rate benchmarks when combined with employee or executive stock plans. In such cases, vote case-by-case on the plan taking into consideration the following qualitative factors:

General Recommendation: Vote against retirement plans for non-employee directors. Vote for shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for non-employee directors.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals seeking deferral of a portion of annual bonus pay, with ultimate payout linked to sustained results for the performance metrics on which the bonus was earned (whether for the named executive officers or a wider group of employees), taking into account the following factors:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the company, board, or compensation committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s), and fees paid.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company.

Generally vote against shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation (such as types of compensation elements or specific metrics) to be used for executive or directors.

Generally vote against shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.

Vote case-by-case on all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account relevant factors, including but not limited to: company performance, pay level and design versus peers, history of compensation concerns or pay-for-performance disconnect, and/or the scope and prescriptive nature of the proposal.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals calling for companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals for which the broad-based employee population is eligible.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring senior executive officers to retain a portion of net shares acquired through compensation plans. The following factors will be taken into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals calling for an analysis of the pay disparity between corporate executives and other non-executive employees. The following factors will be considered:

Generally vote against proposals calling for the company to use the pay disparity analysis or pay ratio in a specific way to set or limit executive pay.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals requesting that a significant amount of future long-term incentive compensation awarded to senior executives shall be performance-based and requesting that the board adopt and disclose challenging performance metrics to shareholders, based on the following analytical steps:

In general, vote for the shareholder proposal if the company does not meet both of the above two steps.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that request the board establish a pay-for-superior performance standard in the company’s executive compensation plan for senior executives. These proposals generally include the following principles:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals calling for the addition of certain safeguards in prearranged trading plans (10b5-1 plans) for executives. Safeguards may include:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals seeking a policy to prohibit any outside CEO from serving on a company’s compensation committee, unless the company has demonstrated problematic pay practices that raise concerns about the performance and composition of the committee.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to recoup incentive cash or stock compensation made to senior executives if it is later determined that the figures upon which incentive compensation is earned turn out to have been in error, or if the senior executive has breached company policy or has engaged in misconduct that may be significantly detrimental to the company’s financial position or reputation, or if the senior executive failed to manage or monitor risks that subsequently led to significant financial or reputational harm to the company. Many companies have adopted policies that permit recoupment in cases where an executive’s fraud, misconduct, or negligence significantly contributed to a restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of unearned incentive compensation. However, such policies may be narrow given that not all misconduct or negligence may result in significant financial restatements. Misconduct, negligence, or lack of sufficient oversight by senior executives may lead to significant financial loss or reputational damage that may have long-lasting impact.

In considering whether to support such shareholder proposals, ISS will take into consideration the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote for shareholder proposals requiring that golden parachutes or executive severance agreements be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts.

Vote case-by-case on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include, but is not limited to, the following:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting the company exclude the impact of share buybacks from the calculation of incentive program metrics, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

Generally vote for shareholder proposals requesting to limit the executive benefits provided under the company’s supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) by limiting covered compensation to a senior executive’s annual salary or those pay elements covered for the general employee population.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals calling for companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up payments to executives, except in situations where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as a relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.

Termination of Employment Prior to Severance Payment/Eliminating Accelerated Vesting of Unvested Equity

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals seeking a policy requiring termination of employment prior to severance payment and/or eliminating accelerated vesting of unvested equity.

Generally vote for proposals seeking a policy that prohibits automatic acceleration of the vesting of equity awards to senior executives upon a voluntary termination of employment or in the event of a change in control (except for pro rata vesting considering the time elapsed and attainment of any related performance goals between the award date and the change in control).

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal.

Vote for proposals that relate specifically to soliciting votes for a merger or transaction if supporting that merger or transaction. Vote against proposals if the wording is too vague or if the proposal includes “other business.”

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding, taking into consideration:

In general, a quorum threshold kept as close to a majority of shares outstanding as is achievable is preferred.

Vote case-by-case on directors who unilaterally lower the quorum requirements below a majority of the shares outstanding, taking into consideration the factors listed above.

General Recommendation: Vote for bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to change the corporate name unless there is compelling evidence that the change would adversely impact shareholder value.

General Recommendation: Vote for management proposals to change the date, time, or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.

Vote against shareholder proposals to change the date, time, or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals to approve other business when it appears as a voting item.

ISS applies a common approach globally to evaluating social and environmental proposals which cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.

General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals seeking a company’s endorsement of principles that support a particular public policy position. Endorsing a set of principles may require a company to take a stand on an issue that is beyond its own control and may limit its flexibility with respect to future developments.

Management and the board should be afforded the flexibility to make decisions on specific public policy positions based on their own assessment of the most beneficial strategies for the company.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals seeking a report on a company’s animal welfare standards, or animal welfare-related risks, unless:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals to phase out the use of animals in product testing, unless:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals requesting the implementation of Controlled Atmosphere Killing (CAK) methods at company and/or supplier operations unless such methods are required by legislation or generally accepted as the industry standard.

Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting a report on the feasibility of implementing CAK methods at company and/or supplier operations considering the availability of existing research conducted by the company or industry groups on this topic and any fines or litigation related to current animal processing procedures at the company.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals requesting that a company voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in its products. The labeling of products with GE ingredients is best left to the appropriate regulatory authorities.

Vote case-by-case on proposals asking for a report on the feasibility of labeling products containing GE ingredients, taking into account:

Generally vote against proposals seeking a report on the social, health, and environmental effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Studies of this sort are better undertaken by regulators and the scientific community.

Generally vote against proposals to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products, or proposals asking for reports outlining the steps necessary to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products. Such decisions are more appropriately made by management with consideration of current regulations.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company’s potentially controversial business or financial practices or products, taking into account:

Pharmaceutical Pricing, Access to Medicines, and Prescription Drug Reimportation

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry norms in its product pricing practices.

Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting that a company report on its product pricing or access to medicine policies, considering:

Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on the financial and legal impact of its prescription drug reimportation policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.

Generally vote against proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or constrain prescription drug reimportation. Such matters are more appropriately the province of legislative activity and may place the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its peers.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its policies, initiatives/procedures, and oversight mechanisms related to toxic/hazardous materials or product safety in its supply chain, unless:

Vote case-by-case on resolutions requesting that companies develop a feasibility assessment to phase-out of certain toxic/hazardous materials, or evaluate and disclose the potential financial and legal risks associated with utilizing certain materials, considering:

Generally vote against resolutions requiring that a company reformulate its products.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on resolutions regarding the advertisement of tobacco products, considering:

Generally vote against resolutions to cease production of tobacco-related products, to avoid selling products to tobacco companies, to spin-off tobacco-related businesses, or prohibit investment in tobacco equities. Such business decisions are better left to company management or portfolio managers.

Generally vote against proposals regarding tobacco product warnings. Such decisions are better left to public health authorities.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals that request shareholders to approve the company’s climate transition action plan²³, taking into account the completeness and rigor of the plan. Information that will be considered where available includes the following:

²³ Variations of this request also include climate transition related ambitions, or commitment to reporting on the implementation of a climate plan.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that request the company to disclose a report providing its GHG emissions levels and reduction targets and/or its upcoming/approved climate transition action plan and provide shareholders the opportunity to express approval or disapproval of its GHG emissions reduction plan, taking into account information such as the following:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering:

Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:

Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its energy efficiency policies, unless:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on the feasibility of developing renewable energy resources unless the report would be duplicative of existing disclosure or irrelevant to the company’s line of business.

Generally vote against proposals requesting that the company invest in renewable energy resources. Such decisions are best left to management’s evaluation of the feasibility and financial impact that such programs may have on the company.

Generally vote against proposals that call for the adoption of renewable energy goals, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on a company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless:

Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting a company disclose its diversity policies or initiatives, or proposals requesting disclosure of a company’s comprehensive workforce diversity data, including requests for EEO-1 data, unless:

Generally vote against proposals seeking information on the diversity efforts of suppliers and service providers. Such requests may pose a significant burden on the company.

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals seeking to amend a company’s EEO statement or diversity policies to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would be unduly burdensome.

Generally vote against proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from, domestic partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company’s pay data by gender or race/ ethnicity, or a report on a company’s policies and goals to reduce any gender or race/ethnicity pay gaps, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to conduct an independent racial equity and/or civil rights audit, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for workplace safety reports, including reports on accident risk reduction efforts, taking into account:

Vote case-by-case on resolutions requesting that a company report on safety and/or security risks associated with its operations and/or facilities, considering:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for reports on policies and/or the potential (community) social and/or environmental impact of company operations, considering:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s (natural gas) hydraulic fracturing operations, including measures the company has taken to manage and mitigate the potential community and environmental impacts of those operations, considering:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on potential environmental damage as a result of company operations in protected regions, unless:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to report on an existing recycling program, or adopt a new recycling program, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting a company report on, or adopt a new policy on, water-related risks and concerns, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals restricting a company from making charitable contributions. Charitable contributions are generally useful for assisting worthwhile causes and for creating goodwill in the community. In the absence of bad faith, self-dealing, or gross negligence, management should determine which, and if, contributions are in the best interests of the company.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting the disclosure or implementation of data security, privacy, or information access and management policies and procedures, considering:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals seeking a report or additional disclosure on the company’s approach, policies, and practices on incorporating environmental and social criteria into its executive compensation strategy, considering:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.

Vote case-by-case on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies, considering:

Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting that a company conduct an assessment of the human rights risks in its operations or in its supply chain, or report on its human rights risk assessment process, considering:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for a report on a company’s use of mandatory arbitration on employment-related claims, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for a report on a company’s potential financial and reputational risks associated with operations in “high-risk” markets, such as a terrorism-sponsoring state or politically/socially unstable region, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing/plant closures, considering:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for a report on company actions taken to strengthen policies and oversight to prevent workplace sexual harassment, or a report on risks posed by a company’s failure to prevent workplace sexual harassment, taking into account:

General Recommendation: Vote against reports on foreign military sales or offsets. Such disclosures may involve sensitive and confidential information. Moreover, companies must comply with government controls and reporting on foreign military sales.

Generally vote against proposals asking a company to cease production or report on the risks associated with the use of depleted uranium munitions or nuclear weapons components and delivery systems, including disengaging from current and proposed contracts. Such contracts are monitored by government agencies, serve multiple military and non-military uses, and withdrawal from these contracts could have a negative impact on the company’s business.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering:

General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities, considering:

Vote against proposals barring a company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.

Vote against proposals to publish in newspapers and other media a company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.

General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case on proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s alignment of political contributions, lobbying, and electioneering spending with a company’s publicly stated values and policies, considering:

Generally vote case-by-case on proposals requesting comparison of a company’s political spending to objectives that can mitigate material risks for the company, such as limiting global warming.

General Recommendation: Generally vote against proposals asking a company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace, so long as:

Vote against proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors and trustees, following the same guidelines for uncontested directors for public company shareholder meetings. However, mutual fund boards do not usually have compensation committees, so do not withhold for the lack of this committee.

General Recommendation: For closed-end management investment companies (CEFs), vote against or withhold from nominating/governance committee members (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at CEFs that have not provided a compelling rationale for opting-in to a Control Share Acquisition statute, nor submitted a by-law amendment to a shareholder vote.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on conversion proposals, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proxy contests, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on investment advisory agreements, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote for the establishment of new classes or series of shares.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the authorization for or increase in preferred shares, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on policies under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940, considering the following factors:

Generally vote for these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with the current SEC interpretation.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals to change a fund’s fundamental investment objective to non-fundamental.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on name change proposals, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on changes in a fund’s sub-classification, considering the following factors:

Business Development Companies—Authorization to Sell Shares of Common Stock at a Price below Net Asset Value

General Recommendation: Vote for proposals authorizing the board to issue shares below Net Asset Value (NAV) if:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to dispose of assets, to terminate or liquidate, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on changes to the charter document, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on re-incorporations, considering the following factors:

Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisers Without Shareholder Approval

General Recommendation: Vote against proposals authorizing the board to hire or terminate subadvisers without shareholder approval if the investment adviser currently employs only one subadviser.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on distribution agreement proposals, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Vote for the establishment of a master-feeder structure.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on merger proposals, considering the following factors:

General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When supporting the dissidents, vote for the reimbursement of the proxy solicitation expenses.

General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals to terminate the investment advisor, considering the following factors:

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Coverage			D-9

1. Board of Directors			D-10

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections			D-10

Independence			D-10

ISS Classification of Directors – U.S.			D-11

Composition			D-13

Attendance			D-13

Overboarded Directors			D-13

Gender Diversity			D-13

Racial and/or Ethnic Diversity			D-13

Responsiveness			D-14

Accountability			D-14

Poison Pills			D-14

Unequal Voting Rights			D-15

Classified Board Structure			D-15

Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards			D-15

Problematic Governance Structure			D-15

Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments			D-16

Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals			D-16

Director Performance Evaluation			D-16

Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions			D-17

Problematic Audit-Related Practices			D-17

Problematic Compensation Practices			D-17

Problematic Pledging of Company Stock			D-18

Climate Accountability			D-18

Governance Failures			D-18

Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections			D-19

Vote-No Campaigns			D-19

Proxy Contests/Proxy Access			D-19

Other Board-Related Proposals			D-19

Adopt Anti-Hedging/Pledging/Speculative Investments Policy			D-19

Board Refreshment			D-19

Term/Tenure Limits			D-20

Age Limits			D-20

Board Size			D-20

Classification/Declassification of the Board			D-20



CEO Succession Planning			D-20

Cumulative Voting			D-20

Director and Officer Indemnification, Liability Protection, and Exculpation			D-21

Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications			D-21

Establish Other Board Committee Proposals			D-22

Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors			D-22

Independent Board Chair			D-22

Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Independent Committees			D-23

Majority Vote Standard for the Election of Directors			D-23

Proxy Access			D-23

Require More Nominees than Open Seats			D-23

Shareholder Engagement Policy (Shareholder Advisory Committee)			D-24

2. Audit-Related			D-25

Auditor Indemnification and Limitation of Liability			D-25

Auditor Ratification			D-25

Shareholder Proposals Limiting Non-Audit Services			D-25

Shareholder Proposals on Audit Firm Rotation			D-26

3. Shareholder Rights & Defenses			D-27

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations			D-27

Amend Bylaws without Shareholder Consent			D-27

Control Share Acquisition Provisions			D-27

Control Share Cash-Out Provisions			D-27

Disgorgement Provisions			D-28

Fair Price Provisions			D-28

Freeze-Out Provisions			D-28

Greenmail			D-28

Shareholder Litigation Rights			D-28

Federal Forum Selection Provisions			D-28

Exclusive Forum Provisions for State Law Matters			D-29

Fee shifting			D-29

Net Operating Loss (NOL) Protective Amendments			D-30

Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)			D-30

Shareholder Proposals to Put Pill to a Vote and/or Adopt a Pill Policy			D-30

Management Proposals to Ratify a Poison Pill			D-30

Management Proposals to Ratify a Pill to Preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)			D-31

Proxy Voting Disclosure, Confidentiality, and Tabulation			D-31

Ratification Proposals: Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions			D-31

Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses			D-32



Reincorporation Proposals			D-32

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent			D-32

Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings			D-33

Stakeholder Provisions			D-33

State Antitakeover Statutes			D-33

Supermajority Vote Requirements			D-33

Virtual Shareholder Meetings			D-34

4. Capital/Restructuring			D-35

Capital			D-35

Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock			D-35

Common Stock Authorization			D-35

General Authorization Requests			D-35

Specific Authorization Requests			D-36

Dual Class Structure			D-36

Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan			D-36

Preemptive Rights			D-36

Preferred Stock Authorization			D-36

General Authorization Requests			D-36

Recapitalization Plans			D-38

Reverse Stock Splits			D-38

Share Issuance Mandates at U.S. Domestic Issuers Incorporated Outside the U.S.			D-38

Share Repurchase Programs			D-39

Share Repurchase Programs Shareholder Proposals			D-39

Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends			D-39

Tracking Stock			D-39

Restructuring			D-39

Appraisal Rights			D-39

Asset Purchases			D-40

Asset Sales			D-40

Bundled Proposals			D-40

Conversion of Securities			D-40

Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans			D-40

Formation of Holding Company			D-41

Going Private and Going Dark Transactions (LBOs and Minority Squeeze-outs)			D-41

Joint Ventures			D-42

Liquidations			D-42

Mergers and Acquisitions			D-42



Private Placements/Warrants/Convertible Debentures			D-43

Reorganization/Restructuring Plan (Bankruptcy)			D-44

Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs)			D-44

Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs) - Proposals for Extensions			D-45

Spin-offs			D-45

Value Maximization Shareholder Proposals			D-45

5. Compensation			D-46

Executive Pay Evaluation			D-46

Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Say-on-Pay)			D-46

Pay-for-Performance Evaluation			D-47

Problematic Pay Practices			D-48

Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness			D-49

Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say When on Pay”)			D-49

Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale			D-49

Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans			D-50

Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT)			D-51

Three-Year Value-Adjusted Burn Rate			D-51

Egregious Factors			D-51

Liberal Change in Control Definition			D-51

Repricing Provisions			D-52

Problematic Pay Practices or Significant Pay-for-Performance Disconnect			D-52

Amending Cash and Equity Plans (including Approval for Tax Deductibility (162(m))			D-52

Specific Treatment of Certain Award Types in Equity Plan Evaluations			D-53

Dividend Equivalent Rights			D-53

Operating Partnership (OP) Units in Equity Plan Analysis of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)			D-53

Other Compensation Plans			D-53

401(k) Employee Benefit Plans			D-53

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)			D-54

Employee Stock Purchase Plans—Qualified Plans			D-54

Employee Stock Purchase Plans—Non-Qualified Plans			D-54

Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options			D-54

Stock Plans in Lieu of Cash			D-55

Transfer Stock Option (TSO) Programs			D-55

Director Compensation			D-56

Shareholder Ratification of Director Pay Programs			D-56

Equity Plans for Non-Employee Directors			D-56

Non-Employee Director Retirement Plans			D-56

Shareholder Proposals on Compensation			D-57

Bonus Banking/Bonus Banking “Plus”			D-57



Compensation Consultants—Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization			D-57

Disclosure/Setting Levels or Types of Compensation for Executives and Directors			D-57

Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits			D-57

Hold Equity Past Retirement or for a Significant Period of Time			D-58

Pay Disparity			D-58

Pay for Performance/Performance-Based Awards			D-58

Pay for Superior Performance			D-59

Pre-Arranged Trading Plans (10b5-1 Plans)			D-59

Prohibit Outside CEOs from Serving on Compensation Committees			D-59

Recoupment of Incentive or Stock Compensation in Specified Circumstances			D-60

Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes			D-60

Share Buyback Impact on Incentive Program Metrics			D-60

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)			D-61

Tax Gross-Up Proposals			D-61

Termination of Employment Prior to Severance Payment/Eliminating Accelerated Vesting of Unvested Equity			D-61

6. Routine/Miscellaneous			D-62

Adjourn Meeting			D-62

Amend Quorum Requirements			D-62

Amend Minor Bylaws			D-62

Change Company Name			D-62

Change Date, Time, or Location of Annual Meeting			D-62

Other Business			D-62

7. Social and Environmental Issues			D-63

Global Approach – E&S Shareholder Proposals			D-63

Endorsement of Principles			D-63

Animal Welfare			D-63

Animal Welfare Policies			D-63

Animal Testing			D-64

Animal Slaughter			D-64

Consumer Issues			D-64

Genetically Modified Ingredients			D-64

Reports on Potentially Controversial Business/Financial Practices			D-64

Pharmaceutical Pricing, Access to Medicines, and Prescription Drug Reimportation			D-65

Product Safety and Toxic/Hazardous Materials			D-65

Tobacco-Related Proposals			D-66

Climate Change			D-66

Say on Climate (SoC) Management Proposals			D-66

Say on Climate (SoC) Shareholder Proposals			D-67

Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions			D-67



Energy Efficiency			D-68

Renewable Energy			D-68

Diversity			D-68

Board Diversity			D-68

Equality of Opportunity			D-69

Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits			D-69

Gender, Race/Ethnicity Pay Gap			D-69

Racial Equity and/or Civil Rights Audit Guidelines			D-69

Environment and Sustainability			D-70

Facility and Workplace Safety			D-70

General Environmental Proposals and Community Impact Assessments			D-70

Hydraulic Fracturing			D-70

Operations in Protected Areas			D-71

Recycling			D-71

Sustainability Reporting			D-71

Water Issues			D-71

General Corporate Issues			D-72

Charitable Contributions			D-72

Data Security, Privacy, and Internet Issues			D-72

ESG Compensation-Related Proposals			D-72

Human Rights, Human Capital Management, and International Operations			D-72

Human Rights Proposals			D-72

Mandatory Arbitration			D-73

Operations in High-Risk Markets			D-73

Outsourcing/Offshoring			D-73

Sexual Harassment			D-74

Weapons and Military Sales			D-74

Political Activities			D-74

Lobbying			D-74

Political Contributions			D-74

Political Expenditures and Lobbying Congruency			D-75

Political Ties			D-75

8. Mutual Fund Proxies			D-76

Election of Directors			D-76

Closed End Funds- Unilateral Opt-In to Control Share Acquisition Statutes			D-76

Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund			D-76

Proxy Contests			D-76

Investment Advisory Agreements			D-76

Approving New Classes or Series of Shares			D-77



Preferred Stock Proposals			D-77

1940 Act Policies			D-77

Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Nonfundamental Restriction			D-77

Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Nonfundamental			D-77

Name Change Proposals			D-77

Change in Fund’s Subclassification			D-78

Business Development Companies—Authorization to Sell Shares of Common Stock at a Price below Net Asset Value			D-78

Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation			D-78

Changes to the Charter Document			D-78

Changing the Domicile of a Fund			D-79

Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisers Without Shareholder Approval			D-79

Distribution Agreements			D-79

Master-Feeder Structure			D-79

Mergers			D-79

Shareholder Proposals for Mutual Funds			D-80

Establish Director Ownership Requirement			D-80

Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred			D-80

Terminate the Investment Advisor			D-80