Prospectus

 

December 31, 2023

 

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

Institutional Class (Ticker: PSHNX)

 

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

Institutional Class (Ticker: PHYNX)

 

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

Institutional Class (Ticker: PSMPX)

 

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

Institutional Class (Ticker: PSCNX)

 

LIKE ALL MUTUAL FUNDS, THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE “SEC”) HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

   

SUMMARY SECTIONS

1

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

1

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

9

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

17

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

23

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

29

PRINCIPAL RISKS

34

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

42

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS OF SHARES

45

HOW TO BUY, SELL, EXCHANGE AND TRANSFER SHARES

47

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS

52

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

53

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

55

PRIVACY POLICY

58

FOR MORE INFORMATION

60

 

 



i

 

 

 

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

 

 

SUMMARY SECTIONS

 

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide a high level of current income.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Class

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the original purchase price)

None

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

0.45%

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.77%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1)

0.03%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

1.25%

Less Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

-0.68%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)

0.57%

 

(1)

“Acquired fund fees and expenses” are indirect fees and expenses that the Fund incurs from investing in the shares of other mutual funds, including money market funds and exchange-traded funds. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses may differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which does not include acquired fund fees and expenses because the Financial Highlights reflect the actual operating expenses of the Fund.

 

(2)

The RBB Fund Trust (the “Trust”) and Penn Capital Management Company, LLC (the “Advisor”), have entered into an expense limitation agreement under which the Advisor has agreed to waive management fees and/or pay Fund expenses to the extent necessary so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (including any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in other investment companies managed by the Advisor, but excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in unaffiliated investment companies, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) through the period ending December 31, 2024 do not exceed 0.54% for Institutional Class shares. Under the agreement, the Advisor is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for any fees it waived and expenses it paid for a period of three years following the month of the fee waiver or payment, to the extent such reimbursement will not cause the Fund to exceed any applicable expense limit that was in place when the fees were waived or expenses paid. The expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board” or “Trustees”) at any time and also will terminate automatically upon the expiration or termination of the Fund’s advisory contract with the Advisor.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and that the expense limitation applies only for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Institutional Class

$58

$329

$621

$1,451

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund was 67% of the average value of its portfolio.

 



1

 

 

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in fixed income securities and senior floating rate loans that are rated below investment grade. Below-investment grade debt instruments (commonly called “high yield” or “junk”) are those instruments rated BB+ or lower by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. Fixed income securities in which the Fund invests include debt securities such as bonds, notes and debentures. Within the high yield market, the Fund expects to invest primarily in high yield fixed income securities and senior floating rate loans, including covenant lite loans, that are generally rated at the time of purchase BB+ or lower by S&P or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable credit quality. The Advisor seeks to pursue a conservative (defensive) investment strategy within the high yield debt market by generally avoiding the lowest rated (i.e., riskiest) debt instruments in the high yield market. The Fund invests in split rated securities (securities which have different ratings from the rating agencies) if one of the ratings is at least a B- rating from S&P or B3 from Moody’s. The Fund will not invest in high yield bonds or senior floating rate loans rated CCC+ or lower by S&P, and Caa1 or lower by Moody’s because the Advisor has determined that such bonds and loans are the riskiest or lowest quality segment of the market and that they have historically been the most likely to default.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates environmental, social, and governance-related (“ESG”) issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Although the Fund has the ability to invest in securities of any maturity, the Fund will normally target a dollar-weighted average maturity of three years or less in an effort to emphasize a more defensive overall portfolio positioning. Maturity is a measure of the time until the principal amount of a bond or loan is due. The Fund typically focuses on instruments that have short durations and seeks to maintain a duration of no more than three years. Duration is an approximate measure of the underlying portfolio’s price sensitivity to changes in prevailing interest rates. Higher duration securities typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes. Conversely, bonds and loans with a shorter duration are typically less sensitive to interest rate changes. For example, the approximate percentage decrease in the price of a security with a three-year duration would be 3% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates. Duration takes into account a debt instrument’s cash flows over time, including the possibility that a debt instrument might be prepaid by the issuer or redeemed by the holder prior to the stated maturity date. Since shorter duration bonds are typically less volatile than longer duration bonds, the Fund’s defensive positioning is expected to generally result in lower volatility relative to the overall high yield market.

 

The Fund’s investments in fixed income securities and loans will typically consist of U.S. dollar denominated high yield corporate bonds and notes and senior floating rate loans. The Fund also will invest in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign fixed-income securities, including those denominated in U.S. dollars or other currencies, or in loans issued by lenders based outside of the U.S.

 

The Fund is permitted to invest in privately placed Rule 144A fixed-income securities. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in convertible bonds. The Fund intends to invest primarily in below-investment grade loans and other debt instruments, including bonds, notes, debentures and debt obligations issued by real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The Fund also will invest in loans issued by banks, as well as investment grade loans and other debt instruments. To achieve its objective, the Fund is permitted to invest in other investment companies, including affiliated investment companies, and in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein.

 

The Fund’s investments in senior floating rate loans will be through syndicated loans. Syndicated loans are an extension of credit provided by a group of lenders and are structured, arranged, syndicated and administered by one or more banks. Loan coupons are typically “floating” rate. Floating rate securities generally pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or is reset on predetermined dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). Floating rate coupons have historically been set using the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus the spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over LIBOR). The coupon determines the periodic interest payment that the loan holder will receive. At the end of 2021, certain LIBOR rates were discontinued and an increasing number of floating rate coupons are being set using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over SOFR). Coupons are expected to be consistent with respect to the rate used (e.g., LIBOR or SOFR). Refer to “Principal Investment Risks - LIBOR Transition Risk.” The Fund may obtain exposure to senior floating rate loans through investments in affiliated investment companies.

 



2

 

 

 

The Fund may invest in “covenant lite” loans. Certain financial institutions may define “covenant lite” loans differently. Covenant lite loans may have tranches that contain fewer or no restrictive covenants. The tranche of the covenant lite loan that has fewer restrictions typically does not include the legal clauses which allows an investor to proactively enforce financial tests or prevent or restrict undesired actions taken by the company or sponsor. Covenant lite loans also generally give the borrower/issuer more flexibility if they have met certain loan terms and provide fewer investor protections if certain criteria are breached.

 

The Advisor considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its evaluation and selection of investments for the Fund. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s projected future financial position. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a particular security if, for example, it no longer satisfies specific criteria based on the quantitative and qualitative factors outlined above, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. The following principal risks could affect the value of your investment and the Fund’s performance:

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security or a counterparty in respect of a derivative instrument will not be able to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. Securities rated in the four highest categories by the rating agencies are considered investment grade but they may also have some speculative characteristics. Investment grade ratings do not guarantee that bonds will not lose value or default. In addition, the credit quality of securities may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The Fund could also be delayed or hindered in its enforcement of rights against an issuer, guarantor, or counterparty.

 

High Yield Securities Risk. High yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality, commonly known as “junk” bonds, have speculative characteristics and involve greater volatility of price and yield, greater risk of loss of principal and interest, a greater level of liquidity risk, and generally reflect a greater possibility of an adverse change in financial condition that could affect an issuer’s ability to honor its obligations.

 

Debt/Fixed Income Securities Risk. The values of fixed income securities typically will decline during periods of rising interest rates, and can also decline in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral assets, or changes in market, economic, industry, political, and regulatory conditions affecting a particular type of security or issuer or fixed income securities generally. Fixed income securities are generally subject to interest rate risk, prepayment/extension risk, and credit risk.

 

Leveraged Companies Risk. Securities of leveraged companies tend to be more sensitive to issuer, political, market and economic developments than the market as a whole and the securities of other types of companies. A decrease in the credit quality of a leveraged company can lead to a significant decrease in the value of the company’s securities. Leveraged companies can have limited access to additional capital.

 

Management Risk. The Fund may not meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement the Fund’s investment strategies.

 

Prepayment/Extension Risk. In connection with the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities, the Fund may be forced to invest in securities with lower yields and thus reducing its income if issuers prepay certain fixed income securities. Issuers may decrease prepayments of principal when interest rates increase, extending the average life and duration of a fixed income security and causing the value of the security to decline.

 

Income Risk. Income risk is the possibility that the Fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates.

 

Interest Rate Risk. An increase in interest rates may cause a fall in the value of the fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest. Declines in value are greater for fixed income securities, as well as funds, with longer maturities or durations. Duration measures the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. This measure incorporates a security’s coupon, maturity, and call features, among other factors.

 



3

 

 

 

LIBOR Transition Risk. Many financial instruments were historically tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies or investment value. As of June 30, 2023, almost all settings of LIBOR have ceased to be published, except that certain widely used U.S. dollar LIBORs will continue to be published on a temporary, synthetic and non-representative basis through at least September 30, 2024. In some instances, regulators have restricted new use of LIBORs prior to the date when synthetic LIBORs will cease to be published. SOFR, which has been used increasingly on a voluntary basis in new instruments and transactions, is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement market. On December 16, 2022, the Federal Reserve Board adopted regulations implementing the Adjustable Interest Rate Act, which provides a statutory fallback mechanism to replace LIBOR, by identifying benchmark rates based on SOFR that will replace LIBOR in certain financial contracts after June 30, 2023.The full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to determine. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, and there may be a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund.

 

Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in floating rate senior secured bank loans, including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in excess of seven days all would likely impair the Fund’s ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations.

 

Bank loans in which the Fund invests have similar risks to below investment grade fixed income securities. Changes in the financial condition of the borrower or economic conditions or other circumstances could reduce the capacity of the borrower to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Secured bank loans are supported by collateral; however, the value of the collateral may be insufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. If the Fund relies on a third party to administer a loan, the Fund is subject to the risk that the third party will fail to perform its obligations. In addition, if the Fund holds only a participation interest in a loan made by a third party, the Fund’s receipt of payments on the loan will be dependent on the third party’s willingness and ability to make those payments to the Fund.

 

Loans generally are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The liquidity of loans, including the volume and frequency of secondary market trading in such loans, varies significantly over time and among individual loans. For example, if the credit quality of a loan unexpectedly declines significantly, secondary market trading in that loan can also decline for a period of time. During periods of infrequent trading, valuing a loan can be more difficult and buying and selling a loan at an acceptable price can be more difficult and delayed. Difficulty in selling a loan can result in a loss. Due to their subordination in the borrower’s capital structure, subordinated loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior bank loans of the same borrower.

 

A significant portion of bank loans may be “covenant lite” loans that may contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower or other borrower-friendly characteristics. The Fund may experience relatively greater realized or unrealized losses or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of certain covenant lite loans than its holdings of loans with the usual covenants.

 

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund’s investment performance is affected by the investment performance of the underlying funds in which the Fund may invest. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the other investment companies and these fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. In addition, shareholders will be indirectly subject to the investment risks of the other investment companies.

 

Rating Agencies Risk. The value of your investment in the Fund may change in response to changes in the credit ratings of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Generally, investment risk and price volatility increase as a security’s credit rating declines. Ratings are not an absolute standard of quality, but rather general indicators that reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies from which an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of such ratings, or either of them, may have an effect on the liquidity or market price of the securities in which the Fund invests. The ratings of securitized assets may not adequately reflect the credit risk of those assets due to their structure.

 



4

 

 

 

Private Placement Risk. The Fund may invest in privately issued securities, including those which may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Privately issued securities are restricted securities that are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific privately issued securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to the Fund. Privately issued securities that the Advisor determines to be “illiquid” are subject to the Fund’s policy of not investing more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Advisor’s tactical investment process is expected to result in a high portfolio turnover rate. Frequent trading increases the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and taxes. Increased transaction costs could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Redemption Risk. The Fund may need to sell securities at times it would not otherwise do so in order to meet shareholder redemption requests. Selling securities to meet such redemptions could cause the Fund to experience a loss, increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or have tax consequences. To the extent that a large shareholder invests, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions if such shareholder reallocates its assets.

 

Liquidity Risk. Certain securities may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price. Liquid portfolio investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund due to low trading volume, adverse investor perceptions and/or other market developments. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the Fund will experience significant net redemptions at a time when it cannot find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or can only sell its portfolio securities at a material loss. Liquidity risk can be more pronounced in periods of market turmoil. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine an accurate good faith fair value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable investment. If the Fund sells investments with extended settlement times, such as loans, the settlement proceeds from the sales may not be available to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time.

 

Market Risk. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, as a result of unfavorable market-induced changes affecting particular industries, sectors, or issuers. The Fund is subject to risks affecting issuers, such as management performance, financial leverage, industry problems, and reduced demand for goods or services. Events such as war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, social unrest, natural disasters, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, sanctions, the spread of infectious illness or other public health threats could also significantly impact the Fund and its investments.

 

Volatility Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may go down. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in the prices of individual portfolio securities or general changes in securities valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s share price may decline and you could lose money.

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company or of the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

REIT Risk. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and (may be) unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs. A REIT’s performance depends on the types, values and locations of the properties it owns and how well those properties are managed. Because a REIT may be invested in a limited number of projects or in a particular market segment, it may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting a single project or market segment than more broadly diversified investments. The risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages (which refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments, and second-lien mortgage loans), and a decline in or flattening of property values also may exacerbate losses. Loss of status as a qualified REIT under the U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect the value of a particular REIT or the market for REITs as a whole.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and fixed income securities when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible fixed income security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.

 



5

 

 

 

Agent Insolvency Risk. In a syndicated loan, the agent bank is the bank in the syndicate that undertakes the bulk of the administrative duties involved in the day-to-day administration of the loan. In the event of the insolvency of an agent bank, a loan could be subject to settlement risk as well as the risk of interruptions in the administrative duties performed in the day to day administration of the loan.

 

ETF Risk. The Fund’s investment in ETFs may subject the Fund to additional risks than if the Fund would have invested directly in the ETF’s underlying securities. These risks include the possibility that an ETF may trade at a discount to the aggregate value of the underlying securities and although expense ratios for ETFs are generally low, frequent trading of ETFs by the Fund can generate brokerage expenses. In addition, because ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange, (1) the Fund may acquire ETF shares at a discount or premium to their net asset value per share (“NAV”) and (2) ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Trading of ETFs may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts, or if the ETFs are delisted from an exchange. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.

 

Foreign Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of foreign investments may be negatively affected by changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency rates. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.

 

Maturity Risk. Generally, a bond with a longer maturity will entail greater interest rate risk but have a higher yield. Conversely, a bond with a shorter maturity will entail less interest rate risk but have a lower yield.

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund may apply in selecting securities. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor. Investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not use ESG ratings.

 

Performance Information

 

The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from year to year. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund for various periods compare with those of ICE BofA 1-3 Year BB US Cash Pay High Yield Index, a broad measure of market performance. The table also compares the Fund’s performance against the returns of ICE BofA US High Yield Cash Pay BB-B Rated 1-3 Years Index, a benchmark that has investment characteristics similar to the Fund. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.penncapitalfunds.com or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Calendar Year Returns as of December 31

 

The Fund’s calendar year-to-date return as of September 30, 2023 was 4.62%. During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 4.37% (quarter ended June 30, 2020), and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -8.75% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 



6

 

 

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the Periods Ended December 31, 2022)

 

 

One Year

Five Years

Since Inception
(7/17/17)

Institutional Class Shares

     

Return Before Taxes

-2.26%

1.96%

1.86%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-3.62%

0.53%

0.43%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-1.35%

0.89%

0.81%

ICE BofA 1-3 Year BB US Cash Pay High Yield Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-3.07%

3.05%

2.99%

ICE BofA US High Yield Cash Pay BB-B Rated 1-3 Years Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-2.62%

2.90%

2.95%

 

Actual after-tax returns depend on each shareholder’s individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return after Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period, since a higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-advantaged account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan.

 

Management

 

Investment Advisor:

 

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 

Portfolio Managers:

 

The Fund is managed using a team-based approach, with the following team members being jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Name

Title

Service to the Fund

Randall Braunfeld

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Joseph C. Maguire, CFA

Director of Research, Senior Portfolio Manager, and Senior Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Christopher Paciello, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Bradley Tesoriero, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $10,000.

 

The minimum subsequent purchase amount for Institutional Class is $100.

 

You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for trading, subject to certain restrictions. Purchases and redemptions may be made by mailing an application or redemption request to The RBB Fund Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by wire, or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366). You also may visit the Fund’s website at www.penncapitalfunds.com to access your mutual fund account information and request transactions including subsequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary should contact the intermediary regarding any fees charged directly by the intermediary and the hours during which orders to purchase or redeem shares may be placed.

 



7

 

 

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from such account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Fund shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or fund supermarket), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 



8

 

 

 

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide total return through interest income and capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Class

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the original purchase price)

None

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

0.69%

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.81%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1)

0.02%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(1)

1.52%

Less Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

-0.78%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)

0.74%

 

(1)

“Acquired fund fees and expenses” are indirect fees and expenses that the Fund incurs from investing in the shares of other mutual funds, including money market funds and exchange-traded funds. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses may differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which does not include acquired fund fees and expenses because the Financial Highlights reflect the actual operating expenses of the Fund.

 

(2)

The RBB Fund Trust (the “Trust”) and Penn Capital Management Company, LLC (the “Advisor”), have entered into an expense limitation agreement under which the Advisor has agreed to waive management fees and/or pay Fund expenses to the extent necessary so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (including any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in other investment companies managed by the Advisor, but excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in unaffiliated investment companies, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) through the period ending December 31, 2024, do not exceed 0.72% for Institutional Class shares. Under the agreement, the Advisor is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for any fees it waived and expenses it paid for a period of three years following the month of the fee waiver or payment, to the extent such reimbursement will not cause the Fund to exceed any applicable expense limit that was in place when the fees were waived or expenses paid. The expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board” or “Trustees”) at any time and also will terminate automatically upon the expiration or termination of the Fund’s advisory contract with the Advisor.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and that the expense limitation applies only for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Institutional Class

$76

$404

$755

$1,746

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund was 61% of the average value of its portfolio.

 



9

 

 

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in high yield debt instruments. High yield debt instruments include high yield fixed income securities and senior floating rate bank loans that are generally rated at the time of purchase below investment grade. Below-investment grade debt instruments (commonly called “high yield” or “junk”) are those instruments rated BB+ or lower by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. High yield securities include bonds, notes, debentures, preferred stock, payment-in-kind bonds, debt obligations issued by real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and convertible securities. The Advisor expects to engage in tactical allocations of direct investments as well as investment in other investment companies to achieve its investment objective. As a result of this tactical allocation strategy, the Advisor is permitted to invest a significant portion of the Fund’s assets directly in bank loans, including covenant lite loans, or in instruments with exposure to bank loans, and alternatively, could invest significant amounts in bonds or other instruments identified herein, and less significantly in bank loans, depending upon the Advisor’s determination of market conditions as it considers the Fund’s tactical investment allocation.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates environmental, social, and governance-related (“ESG”) issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

The Fund is also permitted to invest in private placements, including Rule 144A fixed-income securities, in these types of securities. The Fund also can invest in common stock received through restructuring of a defaulted bond or from the conversion of a convertible security, and investment grade debt instruments. The Fund is permitted to invest in instruments of any maturity. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund will invest in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund’s investments also can include the securities of companies that are experiencing financial distress, are on the brink of a restructuring or liquidation, or are currently undergoing a restructuring or liquidation under or outside of Federal Bankruptcy Code proceedings, if the Advisor believes that such securities are undervalued and have potential for capital appreciation.

 

The Fund intends to invest primarily in debt securities that are U.S. dollar denominated, although the Fund may invest in debt securities denominated in foreign currencies. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in debt of foreign companies.

 

To obtain exposure to bank loans, as well as other high yield instruments, the Fund also will invest in other investment companies, including affiliated investment companies, and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. The Fund will obtain exposure to senior floating rate loans through (at times significant) investments in affiliated investment companies.

 

The Fund’s investments directly in bank loans will be through syndicated loans. Syndicated loans are an extension of credit provided by a group of lenders and are structured, arranged, syndicated and administered by one or more banks. A syndicated bank loan is purchased either via “assignment” or “participation”. When a loan is purchased via assignment, the buyer is approved by the borrower and becomes the legal lender of record. When a loan is purchased via participation, the buyer receives the right to repayment but is not the legal lender of record. Most loans acquired by the Fund will be via assignment. Loan coupons are typically “floating” rate. Floating rate securities generally pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or reset on predetermined dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). Floating rate coupons have historically been set using the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus the spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over LIBOR). The coupon determines the periodic interest payment that the loan holder will receive. At the end of 2021, certain LIBOR rates were discontinued and an increasing number of floating rate coupons are being set using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over SOFR). Coupons are expected to be consistent with respect to the rate used (e.g., LIBOR or SOFR). Refer to “Principal Investment Risks - LIBOR Transition Risk.”

 

The Fund may invest in “covenant lite” loans. Certain financial institutions may define “covenant lite” loans differently. Covenant lite loans may have tranches that contain fewer or no restrictive covenants. The tranche of the covenant lite loan that has fewer restrictions typically does not include the legal clauses which allow an investor to proactively enforce financial tests or prevent or restrict undesired actions taken by the company or sponsor. Covenant lite loans also generally give the borrower/issuer more flexibility if they have met certain loan terms and provide fewer investor protections if certain criteria are breached.

 



10

 

 

 

The Fund seeks to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of credit instruments with dual objectives of interest income and total return opportunities. The Advisor considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its evaluation and selection of investments for the Fund. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s projected future financial position. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a particular security if, for example, it no longer satisfies specific criteria based on the quantitative and qualitative factors outlined above, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. The following principal risks could affect the value of your investment and the Fund’s performance:

 

Debt/Fixed Income Securities Risk. The values of fixed income securities typically will decline during periods of rising interest rates, and can also decline in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral assets, or changes in market, economic, industry, political, and regulatory conditions affecting a particular type of security or issuer or fixed income securities generally. Fixed income securities are generally subject to interest rate risk, prepayment/extension risk, and credit risk.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security or a counterparty in respect of a derivative instrument will not be able to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. Securities rated in the four highest categories by the rating agencies are considered investment grade but they may also have some speculative characteristics. Investment grade ratings do not guarantee that bonds will not lose value or default. In addition, the credit quality of securities may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The Fund could also be delayed or hindered in its enforcement of rights against an issuer, guarantor, or counterparty.

 

High Yield Securities Risk. High yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality, commonly known as “junk” bonds, have speculative characteristics and involve greater volatility of price and yield, greater risk of loss of principal and interest, a greater level of liquidity risk, and generally reflect a greater possibility of an adverse change in financial condition that could affect an issuer’s ability to honor its obligations.

 

Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in floating rate senior secured bank loans, including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in excess of seven days all would likely impair the Fund’s ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations.

 

Bank loans in which the Fund invests have similar risks to below investment grade fixed income securities. Changes in the financial condition of the borrower or economic conditions or other circumstances could reduce the capacity of the borrower to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Secured bank loans are supported by collateral; however, the value of the collateral may be insufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. If the Fund relies on a third party to administer a loan, the Fund is subject to the risk that the third party will fail to perform its obligations. In addition, if the Fund holds only a participation interest in a loan made by a third party, the Fund’s receipt of payments on the loan will be dependent on the third party’s willingness and ability to make those payments to the Fund.

 

Loans generally are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The liquidity of loans, including the volume and frequency of secondary market trading in such loans, varies significantly over time and among individual loans. For example, if the credit quality of a loan unexpectedly declines significantly, secondary market trading in that loan can also decline for a period of time. During periods of infrequent trading, valuing a loan can be more difficult and buying and selling a loan at an acceptable price can be more difficult and delayed. Difficulty in selling a loan can result in a loss. Due to their subordination in the borrower’s capital structure, subordinated loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior bank loans of the same borrower.

 

A significant portion of bank loans may be “covenant lite” loans that may contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower or other borrower-friendly characteristics. The Fund may experience relatively greater realized or unrealized losses or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of certain covenant lite loans than its holdings of loans with the usual covenants.

 



11

 

 

 

Leveraged Companies Risk. Securities of leveraged companies tend to be more sensitive to issuer, political, market and economic developments than the market as a whole and the securities of other types of companies. A decrease in the credit quality of a leveraged company can lead to a significant decrease in the value of the company’s securities. In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, a company’s creditors take precedence over the company’s stockholders. Leveraged companies can have limited access to additional capital.

 

LIBOR Transition Risk. Many financial instruments were historically tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies or investment value. As of June 30, 2023, almost all settings of LIBOR have ceased to be published, except that certain widely used U.S. dollar LIBORs will continue to be published on a temporary, synthetic and non-representative basis through at least September 30, 2024. In some instances, regulators have restricted new use of LIBORs prior to the date when synthetic LIBORs will cease to be published. SOFR, which has been used increasingly on a voluntary basis in new instruments and transactions, is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement market. On December 16, 2022, the Federal Reserve Board adopted regulations implementing the Adjustable Interest Rate Act, which provides a statutory fallback mechanism to replace LIBOR, by identifying benchmark rates based on SOFR that will replace LIBOR in certain financial contracts after June 30, 2023.The full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to determine. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, and there may be a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund.

 

Market Risk. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, as a result of unfavorable market-induced changes affecting particular industries, sectors, or issuers. The Fund is subject to risks affecting issuers, such as management performance, financial leverage, industry problems, and reduced demand for goods or services. Events such as war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, social unrest, natural disasters, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, sanctions, the spread of infectious illness or other public health threats could also significantly impact the Fund and its investments.

 

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund’s investment performance is affected by the investment performance of the underlying funds in which the Fund may invest. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the other investment companies and these fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. In addition, shareholders will be indirectly subject to the investment risks of the other investment companies.

 

Liquidity Risk. Certain securities may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price. Liquid portfolio investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund due to low trading volume, adverse investor perceptions and/or other market developments. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the Fund will experience significant net redemptions at a time when it cannot find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or can only sell its portfolio securities at a material loss. Liquidity risk can be more pronounced in periods of market turmoil. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine an accurate good faith fair value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable investment. If the Fund sells investments with extended settlement times, such as loans, the settlement proceeds from the sales may not be available to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time.

 

Redemption Risk. The Fund may need to sell securities at times it would not otherwise do so in order to meet shareholder redemption requests. Selling securities to meet such redemptions could cause the Fund to experience a loss, increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or have tax consequences. To the extent that a large shareholder invests, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions if such shareholder reallocates its assets.

 

Interest Rate Risk. An increase in interest rates may cause a fall in the value of the fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest. Declines in value are greater for fixed income securities, as well as funds, with longer maturities or durations. Duration measures the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. This measure incorporates a security’s coupon, maturity, and call features, among other factors.

 

Income Risk. Income risk is the possibility that the Fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Advisor’s tactical investment process is expected to result in a high portfolio turnover rate. Frequent trading increases the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and taxes. Increased transaction costs could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Maturity Risk. Generally, a bond with a longer maturity will entail greater interest rate risk but have a higher yield. Conversely, a bond with a shorter maturity will entail less interest rate risk but have a lower yield.

 



12

 

 

 

Rating Agencies Risk. The value of your investment in the Fund may change in response to changes in the credit ratings of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Generally, investment risk and price volatility increase as a security’s credit rating declines. Ratings are not an absolute standard of quality, but rather general indicators that reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies from which an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of such ratings, or either of them, may have an effect on the liquidity or market price of the securities in which the Fund invests. The ratings of securitized assets may not adequately reflect the credit risk of those assets due to their structure.

 

Management Risk. The Fund may not meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement the Fund’s investment strategies.

 

Prepayment/Extension Risk. In connection with the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities, the Fund may be forced to invest in securities with lower yields and thus reducing its income if issuers prepay certain fixed income securities. Issuers may decrease prepayments of principal when interest rates increase, extending the average life and duration of a fixed income security and causing the value of the security to decline.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and fixed income securities when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible fixed income security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.

 

Agent Insolvency Risk. In a syndicated loan, the agent bank is the bank in the syndicate that undertakes the bulk of the administrative duties involved in the day-to-day administration of the loan. In the event of the insolvency of an agent bank, a loan could be subject to settlement risk as well as the risk of interruptions in the administrative duties performed in the day to day administration of the loan.

 

Payment-In-Kind Securities Risk. The value, interest rates, and liquidity of non-cash paying instruments, such as payment-in-kind securities, are subject to greater fluctuation than other types of securities. The higher yields and interest rates on payment-in-kind securities reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with such instruments and that such investments may represent a higher credit risk than coupon loans. Payment-in-kind securities may have a potential variability in valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral.

 

ETF Risk. The Fund’s investment in ETFs may subject the Fund to additional risks than if the Fund would have invested directly in the ETF’s underlying securities. These risks include the possibility that an ETF may trade at a discount to the aggregate value of the underlying securities and although expense ratios for ETFs are generally low, frequent trading of ETFs by the Fund can generate brokerage expenses. In addition, because ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange, (1) the Fund may acquire ETF shares at a discount or premium to their net asset value per share (“NAV”) and (2) ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Trading of ETFs may be halted by the activation of individual or market-wide trading halts, or if the ETFs are delisted from an exchange. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.

 

Private Placement Risk. The Fund may invest in privately issued securities, including those which may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Privately issued securities are restricted securities that are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific privately issued securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to the Fund. Privately issued securities that the Advisor determines to be “illiquid” are subject to the Fund’s policy of not investing more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 



13

 

 

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company or of the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

REIT Risk. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs. A REIT’s performance depends on the types, values and locations of the properties it owns and how well those properties are managed. Because a REIT may be invested in a limited number of projects or in a particular market segment, it may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting a single project or market segment than more broadly diversified investments. The risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages (which refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments, and second-lien mortgage loans), and a decline in or flattening of property values also may exacerbate losses. Loss of status as a qualified REIT under the U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect the value of a particular REIT or the market for REITs as a whole.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.

 

Foreign Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of foreign investments may be negatively affected by changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency rates. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

 

Volatility Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may go down. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in the prices of individual portfolio securities or general changes in securities valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s share price may decline and you could lose money.

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund may apply in selecting securities. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor. Investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not use ESG ratings.

 



14

 

 

 

Performance Information

 

The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Class shares has varied from year to year. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares for various periods compare with those of ICE BofA US High Yield Constrained Index, a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.penncapitalfunds.com or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Calendar Year Returns as of December 31

 

 Year

The Fund’s calendar year-to-date return as of September 30, 2023 was 4.74%. During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 7.99% (quarter ended December 31, 2020), and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -15.08% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the Periods Ended December 31, 2022)

 

 

One Year

Five Years

Since Inception
(11/30/15)

Institutional Class Shares

     

Return Before Taxes

-10.94%

1.51%

3.64%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-12.88%

-0.75%

1.02%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-6.46%

0.23%

1.67%

ICE BofA US High Yield Constrained Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-11.21%

2.10%

4.48%

 

Actual after-tax returns depend on each shareholder’s individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return after Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period, since a higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-advantaged account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan.

 

Management

 

Investment Advisor:

 

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 



15

 

 

 

Portfolio Managers:

 

The Fund is managed using a team-based approach, with the following team members being jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Name

Title

Service to the Fund

Randall Braunfeld

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Joseph C. Maguire, CFA

Director of Research, Senior Portfolio Manager, and Senior Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Christopher Paciello, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Bradley Tesoriero, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $10,000. The minimum subsequent purchase amount for Institutional Class is $100.

 

You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for trading, subject to certain restrictions. Purchases and redemptions may be made by mailing an application or redemption request to The RBB Fund Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by wire, or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366). You also may visit the Fund’s website at www.penncapitalfunds.com to access your mutual fund account information and request transactions including subsequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary should contact the intermediary regarding any fees charged directly by the intermediary and the hours during which orders to purchase or redeem shares may be placed.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from such account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Fund shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or fund supermarket), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 



16

 

 

 

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Class

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the original purchase price)

None

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

0.90%

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.89%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.79%

Less Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(1)

-0.73%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)

1.06%

 

(1)

The RBB Fund Trust (the “Trust”) and Penn Capital Management Company, LLC (the “Advisor”), have entered into an expense limitation agreement under which the Advisor has agreed to waive management fees and/or pay Fund expenses to the extent necessary so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) through the period ending December 31, 2024, do not exceed 1.06% for Institutional Class shares. Under the agreement, the Advisor is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for any fees it waived and expenses it paid for a period of three years following the month of the fee waiver or payment, to the extent such reimbursement will not cause the Fund to exceed any applicable expense limit that was in place when the fees were waived or expenses paid. The expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board” or “Trustees”) at any time and also will terminate automatically upon the expiration or termination of the Fund’s advisory contract with the Advisor.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and that the expense limitation applies only for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Institutional Class

$108

$492

$901

$2,045

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund was 94% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of mid-capitalization companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% investment policy. Mid-capitalization companies are defined for this purpose as companies with market capitalizations at the time of purchase between (i) the lesser of $2 billion or the market capitalization of the smallest company included in the Bloomberg US 2500 Index, and (ii) the greater of $20 billion or the market capitalization of the largest company included in the Bloomberg US

 



17

 

 

 

2500 Index. As of October 31, 2023, the minimum and maximum market capitalizations included in the Bloomberg US 2500 Index were approximately $100 million and $17.3 billion, respectively. The Fund is not required to sell equity securities whose market values appreciate or depreciate outside this market capitalization range.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates environmental, social, and governance-related (“ESG”) issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Equity securities in which the Fund invests include common stock; preferred stock; equity-equivalent securities such as convertible securities; other investment companies, including exchange traded funds (“ETFs”); American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”); and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The Fund is also permitted to invest in private placements in these types of securities. ADRs are equity securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges, which are generally issued by banks or trust companies to evidence ownership of foreign equity securities. The Fund generally invests in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund also has the ability to invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s, or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. Investments in investment companies and ETFs also are permitted to manage the Fund’s cash holdings. The Fund may invest more than 25% in dividend-paying securities. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund also may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign equity securities.

 

The Fund generally intends to invest in approximately 50 to 90 equity securities identified by the Advisor’s fundamental, bottom-up value driven research. The portfolio construction process involves both quantitative and qualitative fundamental analysis. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s financial metrics relative to its peer group. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a security when, for example, in the Advisor’s determination, it no longer represents an attractive growth prospect, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. The following principal risks could affect the value of your investment and the Fund’s performance:

 

Market Risk. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, as a result of unfavorable market-induced changes affecting particular industries, sectors, or issuers. The Fund is subject to risks affecting issuers, such as management performance, financial leverage, industry problems, and reduced demand for goods or services. Events such as war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, social unrest, natural disasters, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, sanctions, the spread of infectious illness or other public health threats could also significantly impact the Fund and its investments.

 

Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk. Mid-capitalization companies may not have the size, resources and other assets of large capitalization companies. As a result, the securities of mid-capitalization companies may be subject to greater market risks and fluctuations in value than large capitalization companies or may not correspond to changes in the stock market in general. In addition, mid-capitalization companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.

 

Volatility Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may go down. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in the prices of individual portfolio securities or general changes in securities valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s share price may decline and you could lose money.

 

Management Risk. The Fund may not meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement the Fund’s investment strategies.

 

Focused Investment Risk. If the Fund focuses its investments in the securities of a particular issuer or companies in a particular country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class, the Fund’s exposure to various risks will be heightened, including price volatility and adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting that issuer, country, group of countries region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class.

 



18

 

 

 

Redemption Risk. The Fund may need to sell securities at times it would not otherwise do so in order to meet shareholder redemption requests. Selling securities to meet such redemptions could cause the Fund to experience a loss, increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or have tax consequences. To the extent that a large shareholder invests, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions if such shareholder reallocates its assets.

 

Leveraged Companies Risk. Securities of leveraged companies tend to be more sensitive to issuer, political, market and economic developments than the market as a whole and the securities of other types of companies. A decrease in the credit quality of a leveraged company can lead to a significant decrease in the value of the company’s securities. In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, a company’s creditors take precedence over the company’s stockholders. Leveraged companies can have limited access to additional capital.

 

Small-Capitalization Companies Risk. Small-capitalization companies may not have the size, resources and other assets of large capitalization companies. As a result, the securities of small-capitalization companies may be subject to greater market risks and fluctuations in value than large capitalization companies or may not correspond to changes in the stock market in general. In addition, small-capitalization companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Advisor’s tactical investment process is expected to result in a high portfolio turnover rate. Frequent trading increases the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and taxes. Increased transaction costs could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Liquidity Risk. Certain securities may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price. Liquid portfolio investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund due to low trading volume, adverse investor perceptions and/or other market developments. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the Fund will experience significant net redemptions at a time when it cannot find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or can only sell its portfolio securities at a material loss. Liquidity risk can be more pronounced in periods of market turmoil. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine an accurate good faith fair value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable investment. If the Fund sells investments with extended settlement times, the settlement proceeds from the sales may not be available to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time.

 

Dividend-Paying Securities Risk. Investment in dividend-paying stocks could cause the Fund to underperform similar medium capitalization funds that invest without consideration of a company’s track record of paying dividends. Stocks of companies with a history of paying dividends may not participate in favorable markets to the same degree as other stocks, and other factors, such as an increase in interest rates or severe economic downturn could cause a company to unexpectedly decrease or even eliminate its dividend.

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company or of the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

Health Care Sector Risk. Health care companies may rely significantly on government funding or subsidies. If government support for health care companies is reduced or discontinued, the profitability of these companies could be adversely affected. The health care sector may also be affected by evolving government regulation. Health care companies are also subject to the risk of malpractice and products liability claims or other litigation. Intense competition may also adversely impact the profitability of issuers in the health care sector.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology (IT) sector has historically been relatively volatile due to the rapid pace of product development within the sector. Products and services of IT companies may not achieve commercial success or may become obsolete quickly. Stock prices of companies operating within this sector may be subject to abrupt or erratic movements. Additionally, these companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing and tight profit margins. The activities of these companies may also be adversely affected by changes in government regulations.

 

REIT Risk. A REIT’s performance depends on the types, values and locations of the properties it owns and how well those properties are managed. Because a REIT may be invested in a limited number of projects or in a particular market segment, it may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting a single project or market segment than more broadly diversified investments. The risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages (which refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments, and second-lien mortgage loans), and a decline in or flattening of property values also may exacerbate losses. Loss of status as a qualified REIT under the U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect the value of a particular REIT or the market for REITs as a whole.

 



19

 

 

 

Industrials Sector Risk. Companies in the industrials sector could be affected by, among other things, government regulation, world events and economic conditions, insurance costs, and labor relations issues.

 

Foreign Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of foreign investments may be negatively affected by changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency rates. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

 

ADR Risk. ADRs are subject to some of the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies, which includes international trade, currency, political, regulatory and diplomatic risks. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees. Under an unsponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligations and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid directly by the ADR holders. Because unsponsored ADR arrangements are organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities, available information concerning the foreign issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs and voting rights with respect to the deposited securities are not passed through.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investing in foreign securities (including ADRs) typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.

 

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund’s investment performance is affected by the investment performance of the underlying funds in which the Fund may invest. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the other investment companies in which the Fund invests and these fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. In addition, shareholders will be indirectly subject to the investment risks of the other investment companies.

 

ETF Risk. The Fund’s investment in ETFs may subject the Fund to additional risks than if the Fund would have invested directly in the ETF’s underlying securities. These risks include the possibility that an ETF may trade at a discount to the aggregate value of the underlying securities and although expense ratios for ETFs are generally low, frequent trading of ETFs by the Fund can generate brokerage expenses. In addition, because ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange, (1) the Fund may acquire ETF shares at a discount or premium to their net asset value per share (“NAV”) and (2) ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Trading of ETFs may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts, or if the ETFs are delisted from an exchange. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and fixed income securities when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible fixed income security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.

 

Private Placement Risk. The Fund may invest in privately issued securities, including those which may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Privately issued securities are restricted securities that are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific privately issued securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to the Fund. Privately issued securities that the Advisor determines to be “illiquid” are subject to the Fund’s policy of not investing more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund may apply in selecting securities. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor. Investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not use ESG ratings.

 



20

 

 

 

Performance Information

 

The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares has varied from year to year. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares for various periods compare with those of the Bloomberg US 2500 Index, a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.penncapitalfunds.com or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Calendar Year Returns as of December 31

 

 

 

The Fund’s calendar year-to-date return as of September 30, 2023 was 2.06%. During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 22.36% (quarter ended June 30, 2020), and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -29.45% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the Periods Ended December 31, 2022)

 

 

One Year

Five Years

Since Inception
(11/30/15)

Institutional Class Shares

     

Return Before Taxes

-20.75%

3.83%

6.91%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-20.84%

2.49%

5.87%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-12.21%

2.89%

5.42%

Bloomberg US 2500 Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-18.67%

5.70%

8.16%

 

Actual after-tax returns depend on each shareholder’s individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return after Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period, since a higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-advantaged account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan.

 

Management

 

Investment Advisor:

 

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 



21

 

 

 

Portfolio Managers:

 

The Fund is managed using a team-based approach, with the following team members being jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Name

Title

Service to the Fund

Chad Bolen, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Steven Civera, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Eric J. Green, CFA

Chief Investment Officer, Senior Portfolio Manager and Senior Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $10,000. The minimum subsequent purchase amount for Institutional Class is $100.

 

You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for trading, subject to certain restrictions. Purchases and redemptions may be made by mailing an application or redemption request to The RBB Fund Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by wire, or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366). You also may visit the Fund’s website at www.penncapitalfunds.com to access your mutual fund account information and request transactions including subsequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary should contact the intermediary regarding any fees charged directly by the intermediary and the hours during which orders to purchase or redeem shares may be placed.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from such account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Fund shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or fund supermarket), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 



22

 

 

 

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Class

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the original purchase price)

None

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

0.95%

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

0.00%

Other Expenses

0.78%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.73%

Less Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(1)

-0.64%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)

1.09%

 

(1)

The RBB Fund Trust (the “Trust”) and Penn Capital Management Company, LLC (the “Advisor”), have entered into an expense limitation agreement under which the Advisor has agreed to waive management fees and/or pay Fund expenses to the extent necessary so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) through the period ending December 31, 2024, do not exceed 1.09% for Institutional Class shares. Under the agreement, the Advisor is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for any fees it waived and expenses it paid for a period of three years following the month of the fee waiver or payment, to the extent such reimbursement will not cause the Fund to exceed any applicable expense limit that was in place when the fees were waived or expenses paid. The expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board” or “Trustees”) at any time and also will terminate automatically upon the expiration or termination of the Fund’s advisory contract with the Advisor.

 

Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and that the expense limitation applies only for the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your cost would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Institutional Class

$111

$483

$879

$1,988

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund was 69% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small-capitalization companies. Small-capitalization companies are defined for this purpose as companies with market capitalizations at the time of purchase between the lesser of $100 million or the market capitalization of the smallest company included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index and the greater of $4 billion or the market capitalization of the largest company included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index. As of October 31, 2023, the minimum and maximum market capitalizations included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index were approximately $100 million and $6.7 billion, respectively. The Fund is not required to sell equity securities whose market values appreciate or depreciate outside this market capitalization range.

 



23

 

 

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates environmental, social, and governance-related (“ESG”) issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Equity securities in which the Fund invests include common stock; preferred stock; equity-equivalent securities such as convertible securities; other investment companies, including exchange traded funds (“ETFs”); American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”); and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The Fund also is permitted to invest in private placements in these types of securities. ADRs are equity securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges, which are generally issued by banks or trust companies to evidence ownership of foreign equity securities. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials and consumer discretionary sectors. The Fund generally invests in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund also has the ability to invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign equity securities.

 

The Fund generally intends to invest in approximately 50 to 90 equity securities identified by the Advisor’s fundamental, bottom-up value driven research. The portfolio construction process involves both quantitative and qualitative fundamental analysis. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s financial metrics relative to its peer group. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a security when, for example, in the Advisor’s determination, it no longer represents an attractive growth prospect, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. The following principal risks could affect the value of your investment and the Fund’s performance:

 

Market Risk. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, as a result of unfavorable market-induced changes affecting particular industries, sectors, or issuers. The Fund is subject to risks affecting issuers, such as management performance, financial leverage, industry problems, and reduced demand for goods or services. Events such as war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, social unrest, natural disasters, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, sanctions, the spread of infectious illness or other public health threats could also significantly impact the Fund and its investments.

 

Small-Capitalization Companies Risk. Small-capitalization companies may not have the size, resources and other assets of large capitalization companies. As a result, the securities of small-capitalization companies may be subject to greater market risks and fluctuations in value than large capitalization companies or may not correspond to changes in the stock market in general. In addition, small-capitalization companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.

 

Volatility Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may go down. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in the prices of individual portfolio securities or general changes in securities valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s share price may decline and you could lose money.

 

Management Risk. The Fund may not meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement the Fund’s investment strategies.

 

Leveraged Companies Risk. Securities of leveraged companies tend to be more sensitive to issuer, political, market and economic developments than the market as a whole and the securities of other types of companies. A decrease in the credit quality of a leveraged company can lead to a significant decrease in the value of the company’s securities. In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, a company’s creditors take precedence over the company’s stockholders. Leveraged companies can have limited access to additional capital.

 

Redemption Risk. The Fund may need to sell securities at times it would not otherwise do so in order to meet shareholder redemption requests. Selling securities to meet such redemptions could cause the Fund to experience a loss, increase the Fund’s transaction costs, or have tax consequences. To the extent that a large shareholder invests, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions if such shareholder reallocates its assets.

 



24

 

 

 

Focused Investment Risk. If the Fund focuses its investments in the securities of a particular issuer or companies in a particular country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class, the Fund’s exposure to various risks will be heightened, including price volatility and adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting that issuer, country, group of countries region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Advisor’s tactical investment process is expected to result in a high portfolio turnover rate. Frequent trading increases the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and taxes. Increased transaction costs could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Liquidity Risk. Certain securities may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price. Liquid portfolio investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund due to low trading volume, adverse investor perceptions and/or other market developments. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the Fund will experience significant net redemptions at a time when it cannot find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or can only sell its portfolio securities at a material loss. Liquidity risk can be more pronounced in periods of market turmoil. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine an accurate good faith fair value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable investment. If the Fund sells investments with extended settlement times, the settlement proceeds from the sales may not be available to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. Companies engaged in the consumer discretionary sector are affected by fluctuations in supply and demand and changes in consumer preferences, social trends and marketing campaigns. Changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion or resources and labor relations also may adversely affect these companies.

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company or of the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

Health Care Sector Risk. Health care companies may rely significantly on government funding or subsidies. If government support for health care companies is reduced or discontinued, the profitability of these companies could be adversely affected. The health care sector may also be affected by evolving government regulation. Health care companies are also subject to the risk of malpractice and products liability claims or other litigation. Intense competition may also adversely impact the profitability of issuers in the health care sector.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology (IT) sector has historically been relatively volatile due to the rapid pace of product development within the sector. Products and services of IT companies may not achieve commercial success or may become obsolete quickly. Stock prices of companies operating within this sector may be subject to abrupt or erratic movements. Additionally, these companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing and tight profit margins. The activities of these companies may also be adversely affected by changes in government regulations.

 

REIT Risk. A REIT’s performance depends on the types, values and locations of the properties it owns and how well those properties are managed. Because a REIT may be invested in a limited number of projects or in a particular market segment, it may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting a single project or market segment than more broadly diversified investments. The risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages (which refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments, and second-lien mortgage loans), and a decline in or flattening of property values also may exacerbate losses. Loss of status as a qualified REIT under the U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect the value of a particular REIT or the market for REITs as a whole.

 

Industrials Sector Risk. Companies in the industrials sector could be affected by, among other things, government regulation, world events and economic conditions, insurance costs, and labor relations issues.

 

Foreign Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of foreign investments may be negatively affected by changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency rates. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

 



25

 

 

 

ADR Risk. ADRs are subject to some of the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies, which includes international trade, currency, political, regulatory and diplomatic risks. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees. Under an unsponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligations and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid directly by the ADR holders. Because unsponsored ADR arrangements are organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities, available information concerning the foreign issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs and voting rights with respect to the deposited securities are not passed through.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investing in foreign securities (including ADRs) typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities, including risks related to currency exchange rates and policies, country or government specific issues, less favorable trading practices or regulation and greater price volatility. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.

 

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund’s investment performance is affected by the investment performance of the underlying funds in which the Fund may invest. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the other investment companies and these fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. In addition, shareholders will be indirectly subject to the investment risks of the other investment companies.

 

ETF Risk. The Fund’s investment in ETFs may subject the Fund to additional risks than if the Fund would have invested directly in the ETF’s underlying securities. These risks include the possibility that an ETF may trade at a discount to the aggregate value of the underlying securities and although expense ratios for ETFs are generally low, frequent trading of ETFs by the Fund can generate brokerage expenses. In addition, because ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange, (1) the Fund may acquire ETF shares at a discount or premium to their net asset value per share (“NAV”) and (2) ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Trading of ETFs may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts, or if the ETFs are delisted from an exchange. Shareholders will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and fixed income securities when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible fixed income security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.

 

Private Placement Risk. The Fund may invest in privately issued securities, including those which may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Privately issued securities are restricted securities that are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific privately issued securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to the Fund. Privately issued securities that the Advisor determines to be “illiquid” are subject to the Fund’s policy of not investing more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund may apply in selecting securities. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor. Investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not use ESG ratings.

 



26

 

 

 

Performance Information

 

The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares has varied from year to year. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund’s Institutional Class Shares for various periods compare with those of the Bloomberg US 2000 Index, a broad measure of market performance. The Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.penncapitalfunds.com or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Calendar Year Returns as of December 31

 

Year

 

The Fund’s calendar year-to-date return as of September 30, 2023 was 0.69%. During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 39.46% (quarter ended December 31, 2020), and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -39.71% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

Average Annual Total Returns
(for the Periods Ended December 31, 2022)

 

 

One Year

Five Years

Since Inception
(12/17/15)

Institutional Class Shares

     

Return Before Taxes

-17.98%

8.58%

11.29%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

-18.31%

6.75%

8.96%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

-10.40%

6.49%

8.41%

Bloomberg US 2000 Index

(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

-20.08%

5.15%

8.61%

 

Actual after-tax returns depend on each shareholder’s individual tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return after Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period, since a higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-advantaged account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan.

 

Management

 

Investment Advisor:

 

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 



27

 

 

 

Portfolio Managers:

 

The Fund is managed using a team-based approach, with the following team members being jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Name

Title

Service to the Fund

Chad Bolen, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Steven Civera, CFA

Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager and Partner of the Advisor

Since 2023

Eric J. Green, CFA

Chief Investment Officer, Senior Portfolio Manager and Senior Partner of the Advisor

Since 2015

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $10,000. The minimum subsequent purchase amount for Institutional Class $100.

 

You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for trading, subject to certain restrictions. Purchases and redemptions may be made by mailing an application or redemption request to The RBB Fund Trust, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, by wire, or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366). You also may visit the Fund’s website at www.penncapitalfunds.com to access your mutual fund account information and request transactions including subsequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary should contact the intermediary regarding any fees charged directly by the intermediary and the hours during which orders to purchase or redeem shares may be placed.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from such account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase Fund shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or fund supermarket), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 



28

 

 

 

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

PENN CAPITAL SHORT DURATION HIGH INCOME FUND

 

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund seeks to provide a high level of current income. This objective and the Fund’s investment strategies are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in fixed income securities and senior floating rate loans that are rated below investment grade. Below-investment grade debt instruments (commonly called “high yield” or “junk”) are those instruments rated BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s, or, if unrated, determined by the Penn Capital Management Company, LLC (the “Advisor” or “Penn Capital”) to be of comparable quality. Fixed income securities in which the Fund invests include debt securities such as bonds, notes and debentures. Within the high yield market, the Fund expects to invest primarily in those high yield fixed income securities and senior floating rate loans, including covenant lite loans, that are generally rated at the time of purchase BB+ or lower by S&P or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable credit quality. In pursuing its conservative (defensive) strategy, the Fund anticipates that it will normally invest in the higher credit quality tier of the overall high yield debt securities market through avoiding the lowest rated (i.e., riskiest) debt instruments. The Fund invests in split rated securities (securities which have different ratings from the rating agencies) if one of the ratings is at least a B- rating from S&P or B3 from Moody’s. The Fund will not invest in high yield bonds or senior floating rate loans rated CCC+ or lower by S&P, and Caa1 or lower by Moody’s because the Advisor has determined that such bonds and loans are the riskiest or lowest quality segment of the market and that they have historically been the most likely to default.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates ESG issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Although the Fund has the ability to invest in securities of any maturity, the Fund will normally target a dollar-weighted average maturity of three years or less in an effort to emphasize a more defensive overall portfolio positioning. Maturity is a measure of the time until the principal amount of a bond or loan is due. The Fund typically focuses on instruments that have short durations and seeks to maintain a duration of no more than three years. Duration is an approximate measure of the underlying portfolio’s price sensitivity to changes in prevailing interest rates. Higher duration securities typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes. Conversely, bonds and loans with a shorter duration are typically less sensitive to interest rate changes. For example, the approximate percentage decrease in the price of a security with a three-year duration would be 3% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates. Duration takes into account a debt instrument’s cash flows over time, including the possibility that a debt instrument might be prepaid by the issuer or redeemed by the holder prior to the stated maturity date. Since shorter duration bonds are typically less volatile than longer duration bonds, the Fund’s defensive positioning is expected to generally result in lower volatility relative to the overall high yield market.

 

The Fund’s investments in fixed income securities and loans will typically consist of U.S. dollar denominated high yield corporate bonds and notes and senior floating rate loans. The Fund also will invest in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign fixed-income securities, including those denominated in U.S. dollars or other currencies, or in loans issued by lenders based outside of the U.S.

 

The Fund is permitted to invest in privately placed Rule 144A fixed-income securities. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in convertible bonds. The Fund intends to invest primarily in below-investment grade loans and other debt instruments, including bonds, notes, debentures and debt obligations issued by REITs. The Fund also will invest in loans issued by banks, as well as investment grade loans and other debt instruments. To achieve its objective, the Fund is permitted to invest in other investment companies, including affiliated investment companies, and in ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. Investment in ETFs also is permitted to track fixed income indices in an effort to manage the Fund’s cash holdings.

 



29

 

 

 

The Fund’s investments in senior floating rate loans will be through syndicated loans. Syndicated loans are an extension of credit provided by a group of lenders and are structured, arranged, syndicated and administered by one or more banks. A syndicated bank loan is purchased either via “assignment” or “participation”. When a loan is purchased via assignment, the buyer is approved by the borrower and becomes the legal lender of record. When a loan is purchased via participation, the buyer receives the right to repayment but is not the legal lender of record. Most loans acquired by the Fund will be via assignment.

 

Loan coupons are typically “floating” rate. Floating rate securities generally pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or is reset on predetermined dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). Floating rate coupons have historically been set using the LIBOR plus the spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over LIBOR). The coupon determines the periodic interest payment that the loan holder will receive. Some loans contain a “LIBOR Floor,” which sets a minimum level on which to base the calculation of the coupon. Other loans do not contain a LIBOR Floor, and those coupons typically will be the sum of the 3-month market rate of LIBOR plus the spread. Coupons usually reset quarterly based upon the prevailing LIBOR rate. At the end of 2021, certain LIBOR rates were discontinued and an increasing number of floating rate coupons are being set using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over SOFR). Coupons are expected to be consistent with respect to the rate used (e.g., LIBOR or SOFR). Refer to “Principal Investment Risks - LIBOR Transition Risk.” The Fund may obtain exposure to senior floating rate loans through investments in affiliated investment companies.

 

The Fund may invest in “covenant lite” loans. Certain financial institutions may define “covenant lite” loans differently. Covenant lite loans may have tranches that contain fewer or no restrictive covenants. The tranche of the covenant lite loan that has fewer restrictions typically does not include the legal clauses which allow an investor to proactively enforce financial tests or prevent or restrict undesired actions taken by the company or sponsor. Covenant lite loans also generally give the borrower/issuer more flexibility if they have met certain loan terms and provide fewer investor protections if certain criteria are breached.

 

The Fund seeks to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of credit instruments with the objective to seek a high level of current income. The Advisor considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its evaluation and selection of investments for the Fund. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s projected future financial position. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor will closely examine the sources of a company’s liquidity, including cash, available bank lines and ability to refinance to determine the likelihood of maturity. The Advisor could choose to sell a particular security if, for example, it no longer satisfies specific criteria based on the quantitative and qualitative factors outlined above, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

PENN CAPITAL OPPORTUNISTIC HIGH INCOME FUND

 

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund seeks to provide total return through interest income and capital appreciation. This objective and the Fund’s investment strategies are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in high yield debt instruments. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% investment policy. High yield debt instruments include high yield fixed income securities and senior floating rate bank loans that are generally rated at the time of purchase below investment grade. Below-investment grade debt instruments (commonly called “high yield” or “junk”) are those instruments rated BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, or Ba1 or lower by Moody’s, or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. High yield securities include bonds, notes, debentures, preferred stock, payment-in-kind bonds, debt obligations issued by REITs, and convertible securities. The Advisor expects to engage in tactical allocations of direct investments as well as investment in other investment companies to achieve its investment objective. As a result of this tactical allocation strategy, the Advisor is permitted to invest a significant portion of the Fund’s assets directly in bank loans or in instruments with exposure to bank loans, including covenant lite loans, for a period of time, and alternatively, could invest significant amounts in bonds or other instruments identified herein, and less significantly in bank loans, depending upon the Advisor’s determination of market conditions as it considers the Fund’s tactical investment allocation.

 



30

 

 

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates ESG issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

The Fund is also permitted to invest in private placements, including Rule 144A fixed-income securities, in these types of securities. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. Convertible bond issues, unlike conventional high yield bonds, give the bondholder the right to convert the bond within a specified period of time and at a pre-stated price or formula into common stock or provide an opportunity for equity participation of the same or a different issuer. Such bonds will generally be more volatile because their market value is influenced by the price action of the underlying stock, and the conversion feature provides the possibility of capital appreciation beyond par value. The Fund also can invest in common stock received through restructuring of a defaulted bond or from the conversion of a convertible security, and investment grade debt instruments. The Fund is permitted to invest in instruments of any maturity. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund will invest in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund’s investments may include the securities of companies that are experiencing financial distress, are on the brink of a restructuring or liquidation, or are currently undergoing a restructuring or liquidation under or outside of Federal Bankruptcy Code proceedings, if the Advisor believes that such securities are undervalued and have potential for capital appreciation.

 

The Fund intends to invest primarily in debt securities that are U.S. dollar denominated, although the Fund may invest in debt securities denominated in foreign currencies. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in debt of foreign companies.

 

To obtain exposure to bank loans, as well as other high yield instruments, the Fund will invest in other investment companies, including affiliated investment companies, and in ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. Investment companies that have a policy of investing at least 80% of their assets in high yield debt instruments or investments that provide exposure to high yield debt instruments may be used to satisfy the Fund’s 80% investment policy. The Fund will obtain exposure to senior floating rate loans through (at times significant) investments in affiliated investment companies.

 

The Fund’s investments directly in bank loans will be through syndicated loans. Syndicated loans are an extension of credit provided by a group of lenders and are structured, arranged, syndicated and administered by one or more banks. A syndicated bank loan is purchased either via “assignment” or “participation”. When a loan is purchased via assignment, the buyer is approved by the borrower and becomes the legal lender of record. When a loan is purchased via participation, the buyer receives the right to repayment but is not the legal lender of record. Most loans acquired by the Fund will be via assignment. Loan coupons are typically “floating” rate. Floating rate securities generally pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or reset on predetermined dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). Floating rate coupons have historically been set using the LIBOR plus the spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over LIBOR). The coupon determines the periodic interest payment that the loan holder will receive. At the end of 2021, certain LIBOR rates were discontinued and an increasing number of floating rate coupons are being set using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread (i.e., the rate for such coupons will typically be a spread or margin over SOFR). Coupons are expected to be consistent with respect to the rate used (e.g., LIBOR or SOFR). Refer to “Principal Investment Risks - LIBOR Transition Risk.”

 

The Fund may invest in “covenant lite” loans. Certain financial institutions may define “covenant lite” loans differently. Covenant lite loans may have tranches that contain fewer or no restrictive covenants. The tranche of the covenant lite loan that has fewer restrictions typically does not include the legal clauses which allow an investor to proactively enforce financial tests or prevent or restrict undesired actions taken by the company or sponsor. Covenant lite loans also generally give the borrower/issuer more flexibility if they have met certain loan terms and provide fewer investor protections if certain criteria are breached.

 

The Fund seeks to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of credit instruments with dual objectives of interest income and total return opportunities. The Advisor considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its evaluation and selection of investments for the Fund. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s projected future financial position. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a particular security if, for example, it no longer satisfies specific criteria based on the quantitative and qualitative factors outlined above, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 



31

 

 

 

PENN CAPITAL MID CAP CORE FUND

 

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation. This objective and the Fund’s investment strategies are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of mid-capitalization companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% investment policy. Mid-capitalization companies are defined for this purpose as companies with market capitalizations at the time of purchase between (i) the lesser of $2 billion or the market capitalization of the smallest company included in the Bloomberg US 2500 Index, and (ii) the greater of $20 billion or the market capitalization of the largest company included in the Bloomberg US 2500 Index. As of October 31, 2023, the minimum and maximum market capitalizations included in the Bloomberg US 2500 Index were approximately $100 million and $17.3 billion, respectively. The Fund is not required to sell equity securities whose market values appreciate or depreciate outside this market capitalization range.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates ESG issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Equity securities in which the Fund invests include common stock; preferred stock; equity-equivalent securities such as convertible securities; other investment companies, including ETFs; ADRs; and REITs. The Fund is also permitted to invest in private placements in these types of securities. The Fund generally invests in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund also has the ability to invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. Investment companies that have a policy of investing at least 80% of their assets in equity securities of small and mid-capitalization companies or investments that provide exposure to small and mid-capitalization companies may be used to satisfy the Fund’s 80% investment policy. Investments in investment companies and ETFs also are permitted to manage the Fund’s cash holdings. ADRs are equity securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges, which are generally issued by banks or trust companies to evidence ownership of foreign equity securities. ADRs may be sponsored or unsponsored. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials sector. The Fund may invest more than 25% of its assets in dividend-paying securities. The Fund also may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign equity securities.

 

The Fund generally intends to invest in approximately 50 to 90 equity securities identified by the Advisor’s fundamental, bottom-up value driven research. The portfolio construction process involves both quantitative and qualitative fundamental analysis. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s financial metrics relative to its peer group. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a security when, for example, in the Advisor’s determination, it no longer represents an attractive growth prospect, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

PENN CAPITAL SPECIAL SITUATIONS SMALL CAP EQUITY FUND

 

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies

 

Investment Objective

 

The Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation. This objective and the Fund’s investment strategies are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

 



32

 

 

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of small-capitalization companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% investment policy. Small-capitalization companies are defined for this purpose as companies with market capitalizations at the time of purchase between the lesser of $100 million or the market capitalization of the smallest company included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index and the greater of $4 billion or the market capitalization of the largest company included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index. As of October 31, 2023, the minimum and maximum market capitalizations included in the Bloomberg US 2000 Index were approximately $100 million and $6.7 billion, respectively. The Fund is not required to sell equity securities whose market values appreciate or depreciate outside this market capitalization range.

 

In selecting investments for the Fund, the Advisor incorporates ESG issues into its research and analysis, including, but not limited to, an assessment of the following factors: evaluation of a company’s management team, board and leadership structure, share structure and overall business practices. Each investment decision incorporates ESG and sustainability to the extent that any of these ESG factors impact the financial health or reputational risk of the company within the capital markets.

 

Equity securities in which the Fund invests include common stock; preferred stock; equity-equivalent securities such as convertible securities; other investment companies, including ETFs; ADRs; and REITs. The Fund also is permitted to invest in private placements in these types of securities. In addition, the Fund may have increased exposure to investments in the financials and consumer discretionary sectors. The Fund generally invests in the securities of leveraged companies (i.e., companies that issue debt). The Fund also has the ability to invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, that have investment objectives similar to the Fund’s or that otherwise are permitted investments with the Fund’s investment policies described herein. Investment companies that have a policy of investing at least 80% of their assets in equity securities of small-capitalization companies or investments that provide exposure to small-capitalization companies may be used to satisfy the Fund’s 80% investment policy. ADRs are equity securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges, which are generally issued by banks or trust companies to evidence ownership of foreign equity securities. ADRs may be sponsored or unsponsored. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign equity securities.

 

The Fund generally intends to invest in approximately 50 to 90 equity securities identified by the Advisor’s fundamental, bottom-up value driven research. The portfolio construction process involves both quantitative and qualitative fundamental analysis. Quantitative measures include the review of company financial statements and analysis of the company’s financial metrics relative to its peer group. Qualitative measures include evaluation of management, identification of market leaders within industries, and due-diligence research regarding customers, competitors and suppliers. The Advisor could choose to sell a security when, for example, in the Advisor’s determination, it no longer represents an attractive growth prospect, or to take advantage of what the Advisor has determined to be a better investment opportunity.

 

The Fund anticipates a higher than average portfolio turnover rate.

 

TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS (All Funds)

 

In order to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, each of the Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund, Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund and Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) may assume a temporary defensive position that is inconsistent with its investment objective and principal investment strategies and may invest, without limitation, in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, money market deposit accounts, and other money market instruments. The Advisor also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. A defensive position, taken at the wrong time, may have an adverse impact on a Fund’s performance. A Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective during the employment of a temporary defensive measure.

 



33

 

 

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS

 

An investment in a Fund is subject to one or more of the principal risks identified in the following table. The identified principal risks are discussed in more detail in the disclosure that immediately follows the table.

 

 

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

ADR Risk

   

X

X

Agent Insolvency Risk

X

X

   

Bank Loan Risk

X

X

   

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk

   

X

X

Convertible Securities Risk

X

X

X

X

Credit Risk

X

X

   

Debt/Fixed Income Securities Risk

X

X

   

Dividend-Paying Securities Risk

   

X

 

ESG Investing Risk

X

X

X

X

ETF Risk

X

X

X

X

Financials Sector Risk

X

X

X

X

Focused Investment Risk

   

X

X

Foreign Currency Risk

X

X

X

X

Foreign Securities Risk

X

X

X

X

Health Care Sector Risk

   

X

X

High Yield Securities Risk

X

X

   

Income Risk

X

X

   

Industrials Sector Risk

   

X

X

Information Technology Sector Risk

   

X

X

Interest Rate Risk

X

X

   

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk

X

X

X

X

Leveraged Companies Risk

X

X

X

X

LIBOR Transition Risk

X

X

   

Liquidity Risk

X

X

X

X

Management Risk

X

X

X

X

Market Risk

X

X

X

X

Maturity Risk

X

X

   

Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk

   

X

 

Payment-In-Kind Securities Risk

 

X

   

Portfolio Turnover Risk

X

X

X

X

Preferred Stock Risk

 

X

X

X

Prepayment/Extension Risk

X

X

   

Private Placement Risk

X

X

X

X

Rating Agencies Risk

X

X

   

Redemption Risk

X

X

X

X

REIT Risk

X

X

X

X

Small-Capitalization Companies Risk

   

X

X

Volatility Risk

X

X

X

X

 

As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in a Fund. An investment in a Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. There is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective, and an investment in a Fund is not by itself a complete or balanced investment program. The following provides additional information regarding the principal risks that could affect the value of your investment:

 

ADR Risk. ADRs are subject to some of the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies, which includes international trade, currency, political, regulatory and diplomatic risks. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees. Under an unsponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligations and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid directly by the ADR holders. Because unsponsored ADR arrangements are

 



34

 

 

 

organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities, available information concerning the foreign issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs and voting rights with respect to the deposited securities are not passed through.

 

Agent Insolvency Risk. In a syndicated loan, the agent bank is the bank in the syndicate that undertakes the bulk of the administrative duties involved in the day-to-day administration of the loan. In the event of the insolvency of an agent bank, a loan could be subject to settlement risk as well as the risk of interruptions in the administrative duties performed in the day to day administration of the loan.

 

Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in senior floating rate bank loans, including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in excess of seven days all would likely impair the Fund’s ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations.

 

Bank loans in which the Fund invests have similar risks to below investment grade fixed income securities. Changes in the financial condition of the borrower or economic conditions or other circumstances could reduce the capacity of the borrower to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Secured bank loans are supported by collateral; however, the value of the collateral may be insufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. If the Fund relies on a third party to administer a loan, the Fund is subject to the risk that the third party will fail to perform its obligations. In addition, if the Fund holds only a participation interest in a loan made by a third party, the Fund’s receipt of payments on the loan will be dependent on the third party’s willingness and ability to make those payments to that Fund.

 

Loans generally are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The liquidity of loans, including the volume and frequency of secondary market trading in such loans, varies significantly over time and among individual loans. For example, if the credit quality of a loan unexpectedly declines significantly, secondary market trading in that loan can also decline for a period of time. During periods of infrequent trading, valuing a loan can be more difficult and buying and selling a loan at an acceptable price can be more difficult and delayed. Difficulty in selling a loan can result in a loss. Due to their subordination in the borrower’s capital structure, subordinated loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior bank loans of the same borrower.

 

Subordinated loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in senior loans, except that such loans are subordinated in payment and/or lower in lien priority to first lien holders or may be unsecured. In the event of default on a subordinated loan, the first priority lien holder has first claim to the underlying collateral of the loan. These loans are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior unsecured or senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt that is not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Subordinated loans generally have greater price volatility than senior loans and may be less liquid. Although loan investments are generally subject to certain restrictive covenants in favor of the investors, many of these loans may from time to time be reissued or offered as “covenant lite” loans, which may entail potentially increased risk, because they may have fewer or no financial maintenance covenants or restrictions that would normally allow for early intervention and proactive mitigation of credit risk. In the event of a breach of a covenant in non-covenant lite loans or debt securities, lenders may have the ability to intervene and either prevent or restrict actions that may potentially compromise the company’s ability to pay or lenders may be in a position to obtain concessions from the borrowers in exchange for a waiver or amendment of the specific covenant(s). In contrast, covenant lite loans do not always or necessarily offer the same ability to intervene or obtain additional concessions from borrowers. This risk is offset to varying degrees by the fact that the same financial and performance information may be available with or without covenants to lenders and the public alike and can be used to detect such early warning signs as deterioration of a borrower’s financial condition or results. With such information, the portfolio managers are normally able to take appropriate actions without the help of covenants in the loans. Covenant lite bank loans, however, may foster a capital structure designed to avoid defaults by giving borrowers or issuers increased financial flexibility when they need it the most.

 

Floating interest rates vary with and are periodically adjusted to a generally recognized base interest rate such as SOFR, LIBOR, the Prime Rate, or other similar types of reference rates. As of June 30, 2023, almost all settings of LIBOR have ceased to be published, except that certain widely used U.S. dollar LIBORs will continue to be published on a temporary, synthetic and non-representative basis through at least September 30, 2024. There remains uncertainty regarding the transition away from LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate. See “Principal Risks - LIBOR Transition Risk” below.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. Companies engaged in the consumer discretionary sector are affected by fluctuations in supply and demand and changes in consumer demographics and preferences. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of domestic and international economies. Moreover, changes in consumer spending as a result of world events, political and economic conditions, commodity price volatility, changes in interest and exchange rates,

 



35

 

 

 

imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations also may adversely affect these companies. Companies in the consumer discretionary sector depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending, and may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing campaigns. These companies may be subject to severe competition, which may have an adverse impact on their profitability.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock, right, warrant or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt securities or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. Convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible proportionate securities.

 

Convertible securities generally do not participate directly in any dividend increases or decreases of the underlying securities although the market prices of convertible securities may be affected by any dividend changes or other changes in the underlying securities. The Fund’s investments in convertible securities may subject the Fund to the risks that prevailing interest rates, issuer credit quality and any call provisions may affect the value of the Fund’s convertible securities. Rights and warrants entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time. Rights typically have a substantially shorter term than do warrants. Rights and warrants may be considered more speculative and less liquid than certain other types of investments in that they do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities nor do they represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Rights and warrants may lack a secondary market.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of a Fund’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation. Securities rated in the four highest categories (S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) (AAA, AA, A and BBB), Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (AAA, AA, A and BBB) or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) (Aaa, Aa, A and Baa)) by the rating agencies are considered investment grade but they may also have some speculative characteristics, meaning that they carry more risk than higher-rated securities and may have problems making principal and interest payments in difficult economic climates. Investment grade ratings do not guarantee that bonds will not lose value or default.

 

A security issuer’s default on its payment obligations to a Fund will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of a Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult to sell the security. Default, or the market’s perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause a Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

 

Debt/Fixed Income Securities Risk. The value of your investment in the Fund may change in response to changes in interest rates. An increase in interest rates may cause a fall in the value of the debt securities in which the Fund invests. The longer the duration of a debt security, the more its value typically falls in response to an increase in interest rates. The value of your investment in the Fund may change in response to the credit ratings of the Fund’s portfolio of debt securities. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. Generally, investment risk and price volatility increase as a security’s credit rating declines. The financial condition of an issuer of a debt security held by the Fund may cause it to default or become unable to pay interest or principal due on the security. The Fund cannot collect interest and principal payments on a debt security if the issuer defaults. Prepayment and extension risks may occur when interest rates decline and issuers of debt securities experience acceleration in prepayments. The acceleration can shorten the maturity of the debt security and force the Fund to invest in securities with lower interest rates, reducing the Fund’s return. Issuers may decrease prepayments of principal when interest rates increase, extending the maturity of the debt security and causing the value of the security to decline. Distressed debt securities involve greater risk of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment grade securities. Distressed debt securities may also be less liquid than higher quality debt securities.

 

Dividend-Paying Securities Risk. Investment in dividend-paying stocks could cause the Fund to underperform similar small to medium capitalization funds that invest without consideration of a company’s track record of paying dividends. Stocks of companies with a history of paying dividends may not participate in favorable markets to the same degree as other stocks, and other factors, such as an increase in interest rates or severe economic downturn could cause a company to unexpectedly decrease or even eliminate its dividend.

 



36

 

 

 

ESG Investing Risk. ESG investing risk is the risk stemming from the ESG factors that the Fund may apply in selecting securities. This may affect the Fund’s exposure to certain companies or industries and cause the Fund to forego certain investment opportunities. As a result, the Fund may invest in companies that do not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor. Investors may differ in their views of ESG characteristics. The Fund’s returns may be lower than other funds that do not use ESG ratings.

 

ETF Risk. Investments in ETFs (which may, in turn, invest in equities, bonds, and other financial vehicles) may involve duplication of certain fees and expenses. By investing in an ETF, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that ETF. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly bear their proportionate share of the ETF’s fees and expenses which are paid by the Fund as an ETF shareholder. These fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. If the ETF fails to achieve its investment objective, the Fund’s investment in the ETF may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. In addition, because ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange, (1) the Fund may acquire ETF shares at a discount or premium to their net asset value per share (“NAV”) and (2) ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Trading of ETFs may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts, or if the ETFs are delisted from an exchange. Finally, because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the Advisor may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Fund’s performance.

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company or of the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. In recent years, cyber attacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have caused significant losses to companies in this sector, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

Focused Investment Risk. If the Fund focuses its investments in the securities of a particular issuer or companies in a particular country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class, the Fund’s exposure to various risks will be heightened, including price volatility and adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting that issuer, country, group of countries region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class.

 

Foreign Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of foreign investments may be negatively affected by changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency rates. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. If the Fund invests in foreign securities and ADRs, an investment in that Fund may have the following additional risks:

 

 

foreign securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in price than securities of U.S. companies because foreign markets may be smaller and less liquid than U.S. markets;

 

 

changes in foreign tax laws, exchange controls, investment regulations and policies on nationalization and expropriation as well as political instability may affect the operations of foreign companies and the value of their securities;

 

 

fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency transfer restitution may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments in foreign securities, which are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar;

 

 

foreign securities and their issuers are not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers regarding information disclosure, insider trading and market manipulation. There may be less publicly available information on foreign companies and foreign companies may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial standards as are U.S. companies;

 

 

foreign securities registration, custody and settlements may be subject to delays or other operational and administrative problems;

 

 

certain foreign brokerage commissions and custody fees may be higher than those in the United States;

 

 

dividends payable on the foreign securities contained in the Fund’s portfolio may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the income available for distribution to the Fund’s shareholders; and

 

 

prices for stock or ADRs may fall over short or extended periods of time.

 

Recently, various countries have seen significant internal conflicts and in some cases, civil wars may have had an adverse impact on the securities markets of the countries concerned. In addition, the occurrence of new disturbances due to acts of war or terrorism or other political developments cannot be excluded. Nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, government regulation, political, regulatory or social instability or uncertainty or diplomatic developments, including the imposition of sanctions or other similar measures, could adversely affect the Funds’ investments.

 



37

 

 

 

Recent examples of the above include conflict, loss of life and disaster connected to ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and Hamas and Israel in the Middle East. The extent, duration and impact of these conflicts, related sanctions and retaliatory actions are difficult to ascertain, but could be significant and have severe adverse effects on the region, including significant adverse effects on the regional or global economies and the markets for certain securities and commodities. These impacts could negatively affect the Funds’ investments in securities and instruments that are economically tied to the applicable region, and include (but are not limited to) declines in value and reductions in liquidity. In addition, to the extent new sanctions are imposed or previously relaxed sanctions are reimposed (including with respect to countries undergoing transformation), complying with such restrictions may prevent the Funds from pursuing certain investments, cause delays or other impediments with respect to consummating such investments or divestments, require divestment or freezing of investments on unfavorable terms, render divestment of underperforming investments impracticable, negatively impact the Funds’ ability to achieve their investment objectives, prevent the Funds from receiving payments otherwise due, increase diligence and other similar costs to the Funds, render valuation of affected investments challenging, or require the Funds to consummate an investment on terms that are less advantageous than would be the case absent such restrictions. Any of these outcomes could adversely affect the Funds’ performance with respect to such investments, and thus the Funds’ performance as a whole.

 

Health Care Sector Risk. Health care companies may rely significantly on government funding or subsidies. If government support for health care companies is reduced or discontinued, the profitability of these companies could be adversely affected. The health care sector may also be affected by evolving government regulation. Health care companies are also subject to the risk of malpractice and products liability claims or other litigation. Intense competition may also adversely impact the profitability of issuers in the health care sector. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may adversely affect that company’s profitability.

 

High Yield Securities Risk. Securities rated below investment grade, i.e., Ba or BB and lower (“junk” bonds), are subject to greater risks of loss of your money than higher rated securities. Compared with issuers of investment grade fixed-income securities, junk bonds are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and to be materially affected by these difficulties.

 

Income Risk. Income risk is the possibility that the Fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. The Fund holding bonds will experience a decline in income when interest rates fall because the Fund then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing bonds in lower yielding bonds. Income risk is generally higher for funds holding short-term bonds and lower for funds holding long-term bonds.

 

Industrials Sector Risk. The industrials sector includes companies engaged in the manufacture and distribution of capital goods, such as those used in defense, construction and engineering, companies that manufacture and distribute electrical equipment and industrial machinery and those that provide commercial and transportation services and supplies. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims, labor disputes and exchange rates.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology (IT) sector has historically been relatively volatile due to the rapid pace of product development within the sector. Products and services of IT companies may not achieve commercial success or may become obsolete quickly. Stock prices of companies operating within this sector may be subject to abrupt or erratic movements. Additionally, these companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing and tight profit margins. The activities of these companies may also be adversely affected by changes in government regulations. Information technology companies companies also are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability.

 

Interest Rate Risk. If the Fund invests in fixed income securities, the value of your investment in that Fund may change in response to changes in interest rates. An increase in interest rates may cause a fall in the value of the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests, while a decrease in interest rates may cause a rise in the value of the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The longer the duration of a fixed income security, the more its value typically falls in response to an increase in interest rates. Duration measures the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. This measure incorporates a security’s coupon, maturity, and call features, among other factors. Changes in interest rates will affect the value of higher-quality securities more than lower-quality securities. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and are influenced by a number of factors including government policy, inflation expectations and supply and demand. A substantial increase in interest rates may have an adverse impact on the liquidity of a security, especially those with longer maturities. Changes in government monetary policy, including changes in tax policy or changes in a central bank’s implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates. There can be no guarantee that any particular government or central bank policy will be continued, discontinued or changed nor that any such policy will have the desired effect on interest rates.

 



38

 

 

 

Investments in Other Investment Companies Risk. Investments in other investment companies, including money market funds, may involve duplication of certain fees and expenses. By investing in other investment companies, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses which the Fund pays as a shareholder of the other investment company. These fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses that Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. If the other investment company fails to achieve its investment objective, the Fund’s investment in the other investment company may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Leveraged Companies Risk. Securities of leveraged companies tend to be more sensitive to issuer, political, market and economic developments than the market as a whole and the securities of other types of companies. A decrease in the credit quality of a leveraged company can lead to a significant decrease in the value of the company’s securities. Leveraged companies can have limited access to additional capital, which can limit their ability to capitalize on attractive business opportunities and make it more difficult for them to weather challenging business environments.

 

Companies with leveraged capital structures may be undergoing difficult business circumstances. These companies may face a greater risk of liquidation, reorganization or bankruptcy than companies with lower levels of leverage. In the event of liquidation, reorganization or bankruptcy, a company’s creditors take precedence over the company’s stockholders, which makes recovery of those stockholders’ investment relatively less likely.

 

LIBOR Transition Risk. Many financial instruments were historically tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies, or investment value. As of June 30, 2023, almost all settings of LIBOR have ceased to be published, except that certain widely used U.S. dollar LIBORs will continue to be published on a temporary, synthetic and non-representative basis through at least September 30, 2024. In some instances, regulators have restricted new use of LIBORs prior to the date when synthetic LIBORs will cease to be published. SOFR, which has been used increasingly on a voluntary basis in new instruments and transactions, is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement market. On December 16, 2022, the Federal Reserve Board adopted regulations implementing the Adjustable Interest Rate Act, which provides a statutory fallback mechanism to replace LIBOR, by identifying benchmark rates based on SOFR that will replace LIBOR in certain financial contracts after June 30, 2023. These regulations apply only to contracts governed by U.S. law, among other limitations. The regulations include provisions that (i) provide a safe harbor for selection or use of a replacement benchmark rate selected by the Federal Reserve Board; (ii) clarify who may choose the replacement benchmark rate selected by the Federal Reserve Board; and (iii) ensure that contracts adopting a replacement benchmark rate selected by the Federal Reserve Board will not be interrupted or terminated following the replacement of LIBOR. Uncertainty related to the liquidity impact of the change in rates, and how to appropriately adjust these rates at the time of transition, poses risks for the Funds. The transition away from LIBOR could have a significant impact on the financial markets in general and may also present heightened risk to market participants, including public companies, investment advisers, investment companies, and broker-dealers. The risks associated with this discontinuation and transition will be exacerbated if the work necessary to effect an orderly transition to an alternative reference rate is not completed in a timely manner. For example, current information technology systems may be unable to accommodate new instruments and rates with features that differ from LIBOR. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Funds until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new instruments and contracts are commercially accepted and market practices become settled.

 

Liquidity Risk. Certain securities held by the Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price. Illiquidity may result from political, economic or issuer specific events; changes in a specific market’s size or structure, including the number of participants; or overall market disruptions. Liquid portfolio investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund due to low trading volume, adverse investor perceptions and/or other market developments. Liquidity risk includes the risk that the Fund will experience significant net redemptions at a time when it cannot find willing buyers for its portfolio securities or can only sell its portfolio securities at a material loss. Liquidity risk can be more pronounced in periods of market turmoil. It may be more difficult for the Fund to determine an accurate good faith fair value of an illiquid investment than that of a more liquid comparable investment. If the Fund sells investments with extended settlement times, such as loans, the settlement proceeds from the sales may not be available to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a substantial period of time.

 

Management Risk. Each Fund is actively managed and its performance may reflect the Advisor’s ability to make decisions which are suited to achieving the Fund’s investment objectives. Due to its active management, the Fund could underperform other mutual funds with similar investment objectives.

 



39

 

 

 

Market Risk. The market values of securities owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities or other investments may decline in value due to factors affecting individual issuers, securities markets generally or sectors within the securities markets. The value of a security may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in interest rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular sector. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that securities held by the Fund will participate in or otherwise benefit from the advance. Stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of debt securities. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the prices of the various stocks held by the Fund.

 

Additionally, U.S. and global markets recently have experienced increased volatility, including the recent failures of certain U.S. and non-U.S. banks, which could be harmful to the Funds and issuers in which they invest. Conditions in the banking sector are evolving, and the scope of any potential impacts to the Funds and issuers, both from market conditions and also potential legislative or regulatory responses, are uncertain. Continued market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and financial conditions, as a result of developments in the banking industry or otherwise (including as a result of delayed access to cash or credit facilities), could have an adverse impact on the Funds and issuers in which they invest.

 

The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in instances of market closures and dislocations, extreme volatility, liquidity constraints and increased trading costs. Efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in travel restrictions, disruptions of healthcare systems, business operations and supply chains, heightened unemployment, reduced consumer demand, debt defaults and other significant economic impacts, all of which have disrupted global economic activity across many industries and may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks, locally or globally. The ongoing effects of COVID-19 are unpredictable and may result in significant and prolonged effects on the Funds’ performance.

 

Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have in the past responded to major economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs and dramatically lower interest rates. Policy changes subsequent to the implementation of these measures, such as increases in interest rates, may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain fixed income investments, including fixed income investments held by the Funds, which could cause the value of the Funds’ investments and share prices to decline.

 

Maturity Risk. Generally, a bond with a longer maturity will entail greater interest rate risk but have a higher yield. Conversely, a bond with a shorter maturity will entail less interest rate risk but have a lower yield.

 

Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk. If the Fund invests in mid-capitalization companies, an investment in that Fund may have the following additional risks:

 

 

analysts and other investors typically follow these companies less actively and therefore information about these companies is not always readily available;

 

 

changes in the value of mid-capitalization company stocks may not mirror the fluctuation of the market;

 

 

more limited product lines, markets and financial resources make these companies more susceptible to economic or market setbacks; and

 

 

mid-capitalization companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.

 

For these and other reasons, the prices of mid-capitalization securities can fluctuate more significantly than the securities of larger companies. The smaller the company, the greater effect these risks may have on that company’s operations and performance. As a result, an investment in the Fund may exhibit a higher degree of volatility than the general domestic securities market.

 

Payment-In-Kind Securities Risk. Payment-in-kind securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities paying cash interest at regular interest payment periods. Prices on non-cash-paying instruments may be more sensitive to changes in the issuer’s financial condition, fluctuation in interest rates and market demand/supply imbalances than cash-paying securities with similar credit ratings, and thus may be more speculative. Investors may purchase payment-in-kind securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. Because such securities do not entitle the holder to any periodic payments of interest prior to maturity, this prevents any reinvestment of interest payments at prevailing interest rates if prevailing interest rates rise. The higher yields and interest rates on payment-in-kind securities reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with such instruments and that such investments may represent a higher credit

 



40

 

 

 

risk than coupon loans. Payment-in-kind securities may have a potential variability in valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. Special tax considerations are associated with investing in certain lower-grade securities, such as payment-in-kind securities.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Advisor’s tactical investment process is expected to result in a high portfolio turnover rate. High portfolio turnover, or frequent trading, involves correspondingly greater expenses, such as brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities, and may result in higher taxable gains. Increased transaction costs could detract from the Fund’s performance.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.

 

Prepayment/Extension Risk. In connection with the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities, the Fund may be forced to invest in securities with lower yields and thus reducing its income if issuers prepay certain fixed income securities. Issuers may decrease prepayments of principal when interest rates increase, extending the average life and duration of a fixed income security and causing the value of the security to decline.

 

Private Placement Risk. The Fund may invest in privately issued securities, including those which may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Privately issued securities are restricted securities that are not registered with the SEC. Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific privately issued securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to the Fund. Privately issued securities that the Advisor determines to be “illiquid” are subject to the Fund’s policy of not investing more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

Rating Agencies Risk. The value of your investment in the Fund may change in response to the credit ratings of that Fund’s portfolio securities. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. Generally, investment risk and price volatility increase as a security’s credit rating declines. Ratings are not an absolute standard of quality, but rather general indicators that reflect only the view of the originating rating agencies from which an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of such ratings, or either of them, may have an effect on the liquidity or market price of the securities in which the Fund invests. The ratings of securitized assets may not adequately reflect the credit risk of those assets due to their structure.

 

Rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.

 

Redemption Risk. The Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that the Fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons or unpredictable cash flow needs. In addition, redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. The redemption by one or more large shareholders of their holdings in the Fund could hurt performance and/or cause the remaining shareholders in the Fund to lose money. If one decision maker has control of Fund shares owned by separate Fund shareholders, including clients of the Advisor, redemptions by these shareholders may further increase the Fund’s redemption risk. If the Fund is forced to liquidate its assets under unfavorable conditions or at inopportune times, the value of your investment could decline.

 

REIT Risk. A REIT’s performance depends on the types, values and locations of the properties it owns and how well those properties are managed. A decline in rental income may occur because of extended vacancies, increased competition from other properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent or poor management. Because a REIT may be invested in a limited number of projects or in a particular market segment, it may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting a single project or market segment than more broadly diversified investments. The risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages (which refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments, and second-lien mortgage loans), and a decline in or flattening of property values also may exacerbate losses. Loss of status as a qualified REIT under the U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect the value of a particular REIT or the market for REITs as a whole. These risks may also apply to securities of REIT-like entities domiciled outside the U.S.

 

Small-Capitalization Companies Risk. If the Fund invests in small-capitalization companies, an investment in the Fund may have the following additional risks:

 

 

analysts and other investors typically follow these companies less actively and therefore information about these companies is not always readily available;

 



41

 

 

 

 

securities of many smaller companies are traded in the over-the-counter markets or on a regional securities exchange potentially making them thinly traded, less liquid and their prices more volatile than the prices of the securities of larger companies;

 

 

changes in the value of smaller company stocks may not mirror the fluctuation of the market;

 

 

more limited product lines, markets and financial resources make these companies more susceptible to economic or market setbacks; and

 

 

small-capitalization companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans.

 

For these and other reasons, the prices of small-capitalization securities can fluctuate more significantly than the securities of larger companies. The smaller the company, the greater effect these risks may have on that company’s operations and performance. As a result, an investment in the Fund may exhibit a higher degree of volatility than the general domestic securities market.

 

Volatility Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may go down. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in the prices of individual portfolio securities or general changes in securities valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s share price may decline and you could lose money.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

 

Organization. Each Fund is a series of The RBB Fund Trust (the “Trust”). The Board of Trustees of the Trust (“Board”) oversees the business of the Trust and the Funds. The Board meets periodically to review each Fund’s performance, monitor investment activities, and discuss other matters affecting the Funds. Additional information regarding the Board, as well as the Trust’s executive officers, may be found in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

Investment Advisor. Penn Capital Management Company, LLC, Navy Yard Corporate Center, 1200 Intrepid Avenue, Suite 400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, is the Funds’ investment advisor. The Advisor has provided investment advisory and management services to clients since 1987. As of September 30, 2023, the Advisor had approximately $1.3 billion in assets under advisement.

 

The Advisor receives an advisory fee from each Fund at an annual rate of each Fund’s average daily net assets as indicated below the “Current Contractual Advisory Fee” column in the table. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the Advisor received, after applicable fee waivers, an advisory fee at an annual rate of each of the following Fund’s average daily net assets as indicated below the “Net Advisory Fee Received” column in the table.

 

 

Current
Contractual
Advisory Fee

Net Advisory Fee
Received for Fiscal
Year Ended 8/31/23

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

0.45%

0.00%

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

0.72%

0.00%

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

0.90%

0.13%

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

0.95%

0.27%

 

With respect to each of the Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund and Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay Fund expenses so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) do not exceed the amounts shown below.

 

With respect to each of the Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund and the Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay Fund expenses so that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (including any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in other investment companies managed by the Advisor, but excluding any acquired fund fees and expenses incurred by the Fund as a result of its investments in unaffiliated investment companies, taxes, interest, brokerage fees, certain insurance costs, and extraordinary and other non-routine expenses) do not exceed the amounts shown below. The expense limitation agreements with respect to the Funds will remain in place through December 31, 2024, and will be reviewed each year, at which time the continuation of the expense limitation agreements will be discussed by the Advisor and the Board. The expense limitation agreements also provide that the Advisor is

 



42

 

 

 

entitled to be reimbursed by a Fund for any fees it waived and/or expenses it paid for a period of three years following the month of the fee waiver or payment, to the extent such reimbursement will not cause the Fund to exceed any applicable expense limit that was in place when the fees were waived or expenses paid.

 

 

Institutional
Class

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

0.54%

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

0.72%

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

1.06%

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

1.09%

 

At its own expense, the Advisor may compensate certain financial institutions, including the Funds’ distributor, for providing distribution and distribution-related services and/or for performing certain administrative/shareholder servicing functions for the benefit of the Funds’ shareholders. These payments may create an incentive for such financial institutions to recommend the purchase of the Funds’ shares.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement between the Trust and the Advisor on behalf of the Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund, Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund and Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund is available in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023.

 

Portfolio Managers.

 

The Advisor uses a team-based approach for the management of each Fund. Information about the team members jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund is included below.

 

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund and Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

 

Randall Braunfeld, Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Braunfeld began his career with the Advisor in 2015 and serves as an Assistant Portfolio Manager for Penn Capital’s Short Duration credit strategies. His primary areas of coverage are the Financials and Energy sectors. Prior to joining Penn Capital, Mr. Braunfeld was a Portfolio Manager of a high yield BB-rated bond portfolio for First Niagara Bank. He also gained experience working at Lehman Brothers within its high yield loan portfolio group from 2004 to 2011 and remained at the firm focusing on maximizing recovery values of the loan portfolio. Mr. Braunfeld received a BA from the University of Pennsylvania and has a MA in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis International Business School.

 

Joseph C. Maguire, CFA, Director of Research, Senior Portfolio Manager, and Senior Managing Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Maguire joined the Advisor in 2005. As the Advisor’s Director of Research, he is responsible for guiding the firm’s day-to-day global investment research process. Mr. Maguire chairs the Credit Risk Committee and serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager for the firm’s Short Duration, Defensive High Yield and Opportunistic High Yield strategies.

 

Prior to joining Penn Capital, he conducted private equity research for AMS Inc. and was a senior audit associate for PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. He recieved a BBA in Accounting from The College of William & Mary and an MBA from the Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

 

Christopher Paciello, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Paciello began his career with the Advisor in 2012 and serves as an Assistant Portfolio Manager for Penn Capital’s Opportunistic credit strategy. His primary areas of coverage are the Consumer Discretionary and Healthcare sectors. He has over 20 years’ experience working in the financial markets with a focus on equity and credit research.

 

Prior to joining the Advisor, Mr. Paciello was a Research Analyst at Standish Asset Management focused on high yield and distressed securities within the cable media, telecommunications, paper and packaging, and healthcare sectors. He also gained experience working for Gartmore Global Investments as a Research Analyst focused on high yield and distressed securities, and W.R. Huff Asset Management, an asset manager specializing in high yield securities, as a trader and an analyst focused on high yield and equity securities. Mr. Paciello received a BS from Babson College and an MBA from Villanova University.

 



43

 

 

 

Bradley Tesoriero, CFA, Sr. Research Analyst, and Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Advisor

 

Mr. Tesoriero began his career with the Advisor in 2015 and serves as an Assistant Portfolio Manager for Penn Capital’s Defensive High Yield and BB credit strategies. He also serves as a Senior Research Analyst for the firm in charge of covering the Industrial and Material sectors.

 

Prior to joining the Advisor, Mr. Tesoriero was a Research Associate at CRT Capital focusing on distressed debt, equity and high yield research for the Media and Telecommunications sectors. Previously, he held positions at Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Janney Montgomery Scott. Mr. Tesoriero received a BA from Cornell University, an MBA from the Robins School of Business of the University of Richmond, and a JD cum laude from the T.C. Williams School of Law at The University of Richmond.

 

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund and Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

 

The Advisor uses a team-based approach for the management of the Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund and Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund. Information about the team members jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund is included below.

 

Chad Bolen, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Bolen began his career with the Advisor in 2013 and serves as an Assistant Portfolio Manager for the Advisor’s Small Cap, Small to Micro Cap, Small to Mid Cap and Mid Cap equity strategies and has over 20 years’ experience. His primary areas of coverage are the Consumer Discretionary and Staples sectors. As a member of the Equity Risk Committee, Mr. Bolen works closely with the equity portfolio management team to contribute ideas specifically in the micro to mid-capitalization range.

 

Prior to joining the Advisor, Mr. Bolen was a Senior Equity Research Associate at Raymond James Financial in St. Petersburg, FL covering the Consumer sector. He also gained experience working for Morgan Stanley in Clearwater, FL as a financial advisor. He received a BA in Organizational Behavior and Management from Brown University.

 

Steven Civera, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Assistant Portfolio Manager, and Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Civera began his career with the Advisor in 2010 and serves as an Assistant Portfolio Manager for the Advisor’s Small Cap, Small to Micro Cap, Small to Mid Cap and Mid Cap equity strategies. His primary areas of coverage are the Technology and Telecommunications sectors. As a member of the Equity Risk Committee, Mr. Civera works closely with the equity portfolio management team to contribute ideas specifically in the micro to mid-capitalization range.

 

Prior to joining the Advisor, Mr. Civera was a Research Analyst for AlphaOne Capital Partners where he covered Technology and Renewable Energy. He also gained experience working for the Center for Financial Research and Analysis, a forensic accounting research firm, as well as an Analyst for Global Capital Management. He received a BSBA in Accounting from Bucknell University and an MBA from Loyola College in Maryland.

 

Eric J. Green, CFA, Chief Investment Officer of Equity, Senior Portfolio Manager, and Senior Partner of the Advisor

 

Mr. Green has been with the Advisor since 1997 and as Chief Investment Officer he is responsible for guiding the firm’s equity and credit strategies. Mr. Green serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager for the Advisor’s Small Cap, Small to Micro Cap, Small to Mid Cap and Mid Cap equity strategies. As a member of the Equity Risk Committee, Mr. Green works closely with the equity portfolio management team to contribute ideas specifically in the micro to mid-capitalization range.

 

Prior to joining the Advisor, Mr. Green was with the Royal Bank of Scotland and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission where he served as a financial analyst in the Division of Investment Management. Mr. Green is also Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) Mid-Atlantic Region and was Co-Chairman of the ADL’s 2018 Walk Against Hate. He received a BSBA cum laude from American University and an MBA from the Yale School of Management.

 

The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation arrangements, other accounts managed, and ownership of shares in the Funds that they manage.

 

Fund Distributor. Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a principal underwriter of the Trust (the “Distributor”), acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into arrangements with banks, broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Advisor, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, U.S. Bank National Association or their affiliates.

 



44

 

 

 

Fund Transfer Agent, Administrator and Accountant. U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent (the “Transfer Agent”).

 

Custodian. U.S. Bank National Association, an affiliate of U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, serves as the Funds’ custodian (the “Custodian”). The Custodian and the Transfer Agent are affiliates.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings. A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the SAI, which is available without charge on the Funds’ website at www.penncapitalfunds.com and by calling the Funds at 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS OF SHARES

 

When and How NAV is Determined. Each Fund’s share price is known as its NAV. The NAV is determined by dividing the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets, minus all liabilities, by the number of shares outstanding (assets – liabilities / number of shares = NAV). The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees, including management, administration and other fees, which are accrued daily. Each Fund’s share price is calculated as of the close of regular trading (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. The Funds do not determine the NAV on any day when the NYSE is not open for trading, such as weekends and certain national holidays, including New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

Securities and other assets for which market quotations are readily available are generally priced at their market value. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, a Fund values those securities at the official closing price of the day or, if there is no official closing price, at the most recent quoted bid price. Because a Fund may invest in foreign securities, a Fund’s NAV may change on days when a shareholder will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares because foreign markets are open at times and on days when U.S. markets are not. Investments quoted in foreign currencies will be valued daily in U.S. dollars on the basis of the foreign currency exchange rates prevailing at the time such valuation is determined. Foreign currency exchange rates are generally determined as of the close of the NYSE. Fixed income securities and bank loans are generally priced on the basis of valuations provided by an approved independent pricing service. Independent pricing services value fixed income securities and bank loans at an evaluated bid price by employing methodologies that use actual market transactions, broker-supplied valuations or other methodologies designed to identify the market value for such securities. A Fund’s portfolio holdings may also consist of shares of other investment companies in which the Fund invests. The value of each such investment company will be its NAV at the time the Fund’s shares are priced. Each investment company calculates its NAV based on the current market value for its portfolio holdings. Each investment company values securities and other instruments in a manner as described in that investment company’s prospectus. The investment company’s prospectus explains the circumstances under which the company will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing. For all other securities, methods approved by the Board are used that are designed to price securities at their fair market values.

 

Fair Value Determinations. Occasionally, reliable market quotations are not readily available (such as for certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or securities and other assets may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities), or there may be events affecting the value of foreign securities or other securities held by the Funds that occur when regular trading on foreign or other exchanges is closed, but before trading on the NYSE is closed. Fair value determinations are then made in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board has adopted a pricing and valuation policy for use by the Funds and their Valuation Designee (defined below) in calculating each Fund’s NAV. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, each Fund has designated the Advisor as its “Valuation Designee” to perform all of the fair value determinations as well as to perform all of the responsibilities that may be performed by the Valuation Designee in accordance with Rule 2a-5. The Valuation Designee is authorized to make all necessary determinations of the fair values of portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available or if it is deemed that the prices obtained from brokers and dealers or independent pricing services are unreliable. Generally, the fair value of a portfolio security or other asset shall be the amount that the owner of the security or asset might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale.

 

Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Valuation Designee would compare the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of its fair valuation determination. If any significant discrepancies are found, a Fund may adjust its fair valuation procedures.

 



45

 

 

 

Because the Funds may invest in securities that are traded primarily in foreign markets, a significant gap in time can exist between the time of a particular security’s last trade on a foreign market, and the time at which a Fund calculates its NAV. If an event that could materially affect the value of a Fund’s securities has occurred between the time the securities were last traded and the time that the Fund calculates its NAV, the closing price of the Fund’s securities may no longer reflect their market value at the time the Fund calculates its NAV. In such a case, a Fund may use fair value methods to value such securities.

 

About Institutional Class Shares.

 

Eligible investors who purchase Institutional Class shares may do so at the Funds’ NAV without a sales charge or other fee.

 

Certain financial intermediaries that make the Funds’ shares available to their customers may charge fees in addition to those described in this Prospectus for providing certain services, including: marketing, distribution or other services intended to assist in the offer and sale of Fund shares; shareholder servicing activities; and/or sub-transfer agency services provided to individual shareholders or beneficial owners where a financial intermediary maintains omnibus accounts with the Funds’ Transfer Agent. The Advisor or its affiliates may pay all or a portion of those fees out of their own resources (that is, without additional cost to a Fund or its shareholders). The compensation is discretionary and may be available only to selected selling and servicing agents. The amount of fees paid to a financial intermediary in any given year will vary and may be based on one or more factors, including a fixed amount, a fixed percentage rate, a financial intermediary’s sales of Fund shares, assets in Fund shares held by the intermediary’s customers, or other factors. In addition, consistent with applicable regulations, the Advisor or its affiliates may from time to time pay for or make contributions to financial intermediaries or their employees in connection with various activities including: training and education seminars for financial intermediary employees, clients and potential clients; due diligence meetings regarding the Funds; recreational activities; gifts; and/or other non-cash items. See the SAI for a discussion of marketing and support payments and sub-transfer agency policies.

 

The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Servicing Plan (the “Servicing Plan”) that allows the Funds to pay servicing fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisers or other financial institutions that provide shareholder services, such as for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus accounts, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents. Under the Servicing Plan, each Fund may pay servicing fees to such intermediaries at an annual rate not to exceed 0.15% of the average daily value of net assets. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than other types of charges.

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Institutional Class shares are offered primarily to investors such as pension and profit-sharing plans, employee benefit trusts, endowments, foundations, corporations, and high net worth individuals. Institutional Class shares also may be offered through certain financial intermediaries that charge their customers transaction or other service fees with respect to their customers’ investments in the Funds.

 

Pension and profit-sharing plans, employee benefit trusts and employee benefit plan alliances, and “wrap account” or “managed fund” programs established with broker-dealers or financial intermediaries that maintain an omnibus or pooled account for a Fund and do not require a Fund or the Advisor to pay an annual administrative or service fee greater than 0.25% generally may purchase Institutional Class shares, subject to investment minimums and any applicable waivers.

 

The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares is $10,000. The Advisor may waive the initial minimum in certain circumstances, including but not limited to the following:

 

 

*

Transfers of shares from existing accounts if the registration or beneficial owner remains the same.

 

 

*

Employees of the Advisor and its affiliates and their families.

 

 

*

Employee benefit plans sponsored by the Advisor.

 

 

*

Certain wrap or other fee based programs offered by financial intermediaries.

 

 

*

Trustees of the Trust and their families.

 

 

*

Institutional clients of the Advisor.

 

 

*

An investment that officers of the Trust determine, in their sole discretion, would not adversely affect the Advisor’s ability to manage a Fund effectively.

 

 

*

Defined contribution plans of at least $5 million or defined contribution plans that the Advisor believes will reach the $10,000 minimum within the first year.

 



46

 

 

 

 

*

The minimum initial investment for registered investment advisors purchasing shares for their clients through transaction fee programs is $10,000 per Fund or as stipulated by the clearing platform.

 

Before making an investment in Institutional Class shares, you should call the Fund at 1-844-302-PENN (7366) to determine if you are eligible to invest in Institutional Class shares. You will receive an application form and further instructions on how to invest. The Funds’ Transfer Agent must receive your completed application before you may make an initial investment.

 

HOW TO BUY, SELL, EXCHANGE AND TRANSFER SHARES

 

The Funds do not issue share certificates.

 

In compliance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), please note that the Transfer Agent will verify certain information on your application as part of the Funds’ Anti-Money Laundering Program. As requested on the application, you must supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Please contact the Transfer Agent if you need additional assistance with your application.

 

If the Funds do not have a reasonable basis for determining your identity, the account will be rejected or you will not be allowed to perform transactions on the account until the necessary information to confirm your identity is received. In the rare event that we are unable to verify your identity, the Fund reserves the right to redeem your account at the current day’s net asset value. The Funds reserve the right to reject purchases, or suspend or redeem an account, without the owner’s permission, if the Funds reasonably believe there is suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal activity in the account.

 

The Funds’ shares have not been registered for sale outside of the United States.

 

If you are opening an account in the name of a certain legal entity (e.g., a partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners of the legal entity. Accounts opened by entities such as corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships or trusts, will require additional documentation.

 

Buying Shares

 

Determine the amount of your investment.

 

For Institutional Class shares, the minimum initial investment is $10,000. There is no minimum initial investment for retirement plans. (The minimums for initial investments may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances.)

 

Financial advisors, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, or other financial intermediaries offering asset allocation models or other fee-based programs may have initial investment minimums of less than $2,500. Consult your investment professional for the minimum initial investment specified by the program’s provider.

 

Have your financial consultant, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary submit your purchase order.

 

In addition to purchasing shares directly from the Funds, you may invest through financial services companies such as banks, trust companies, investment advisors or broker-dealers that have made arrangements to offer Fund shares for sale. Such financial intermediaries, in turn, are authorized to designate other financial intermediaries to receive purchase orders for Fund shares from investors.

 

The price of your shares is based on the next calculation of NAV after receipt of your order. Purchase orders must be received in “good order” and the Fund reserves the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in good order. “Good order” means that your purchase request includes: (i) the Fund’s name and share class, (ii) the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, (iii) your purchase application or investment stub, and (iv) a check payable to the Fund in which you are investing, or, if paying by wire, receipt of Federal funds. The requirements for good order may be revised at any time and without prior notice.

 

Purchase orders received in good order prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) are priced at the NAV determined that day. If a purchase order is received by a financial intermediary (including any authorized designee thereof) prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, such order will be deemed by the Fund to have been received prior to the deadline for receiving that day’s NAV. Certain financial intermediaries, however, may require submission of orders prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.

 

Purchase orders received after 4:00 p.m. Eastern time are priced based on the NAV determined on the next business day. The Fund may reject any order to buy shares and may suspend the sale of shares at any time. Certain financial intermediaries may charge a fee to process a purchase.

 



47

 

 

 

Purchase Through the Transfer Agent

 

Purchase By Mail

 

Send a completed account application along with a check payable to The RBB Fund Trust to the following address:

 

(regular mail)
The RBB Fund Trust
c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701

 

(overnight)
The RBB Fund Trust
c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
615 E. Michigan Street, 3rd Floor
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202-5207

 

The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the U.S. Bank Global Fund Services post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Funds’ Transfer Agent. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests occurs when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.

 

Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank in U.S. dollars for the exact amount of the purchase. You will receive the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent receives your check and completed application. The Funds will not accept payment in cash, money orders, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks, starter checks, drafts or third party checks. The Funds are unable to accept post-dated checks or any conditional order or payment. If your check does not clear, you will be charged a $25 service charge and for any other losses sustained by the Funds.

 

Purchase By Wire

 

If you are making your first investment in the Funds through a wire purchase, the Transfer Agent must have a completed account application before you wire funds. You may mail or overnight deliver your account application to the Transfer Agent. Upon receipt of your completed account application, the Transfer Agent will establish an account for you. The account number assigned will be required as part of the instruction that should be provided to your financial institution to send the wire. Your financial institution must include the name of the Fund you are purchasing, the account number, and your name so that the wire may be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit funds by wire to:

 

U.S. Bank National Association
777 East Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53202
ABA #075000022
For credit to U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
Account #112-952-137
Further Credit: The RBB Fund Trust, [INSERT FUND NAME HERE]
[SHAREHOLDER NAME - SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNT #]

 

Federal fund purchases will only be accepted on a day on which the Funds and the Custodian are open for business. Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time to be eligible for same day pricing. The Funds and U.S. Bank National Association are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from incomplete wiring instructions.

 

Add to Your Investment

 

Purchase additional shares

 

The minimum investment for additional purchases is generally $100. (The minimums for additional purchases may be waived under certain circumstances.)

 

If you purchased your shares through the Transfer Agent, Invest by Mail forms for additional contributions are included with your confirmation statement or by calling 1-844-302-PENN (7366). If you do not have the Invest by Mail form, include the Fund name and share class, your name, address, and account number on a separate piece of paper along with your check.

 



48

 

 

 

You may also purchase additional shares via wire. Before sending your wire, please contact the Transfer Agent to advise them of your intent to wire funds. This will ensure prompt and accurate credit of your wire.

 

Your financial consultant, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary may also submit your order.

 

Acquire additional shares through the automatic dividend reinvestment plan

 

Unless you elect to receive dividends in cash, all dividends are automatically reinvested.

 

Participate in the automatic investment plan

 

You may invest a specific amount on a periodic basis through the Transfer Agent. The current minimum for such automatic investments is $100 (subsequent to the minimum initial investment). The minimum may be waived or revised under certain circumstances. To participate in the plan, your financial institution must be a member of the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network. You may change or terminate your participation in the plan at any time by notifying the Transfer Agent five (5) calendar days prior to your next transaction. To change your financial institution, a signature guarantee or signature validation may be required. If your financial institution rejects your transaction, the Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee to your account. Selected securities dealers or other financial intermediaries may also offer automatic investment plans.

 

Sell Your Shares

 

The price of your shares is based on the next calculation of NAV after receipt of your order. For your redemption request to be priced at the NAV on the day of your request, you must submit your request to your selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary (or an authorized designee thereof) prior to that day’s close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time).

 

Certain financial intermediaries, however, may require submission of orders prior to that time. Redemption requests received after that time are priced at the NAV at the close of regular trading on the next business day. Certain financial intermediaries may charge a fee to process a sale of shares.

 

The Fund may reject an order to sell shares under certain circumstances permitted by the SEC, including during unusual market conditions or emergencies when the Fund can’t determine the value of its assets or sell its holdings.

 

Your financial consultant, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary may submit your sales order.

 

Sell through the Transfer Agent

 

You may sell shares held at the Transfer Agent by writing to the Transfer Agent at the address on the back cover of this Prospectus. All shareholders on the account must sign the letter. The Transfer Agent may require a signature guarantee for certain redemption requests. Signature guarantees can be obtained from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”), but not from a notary public. A signature guarantee, from either a Medallion program member or a non-Medallion program member, of each account owner is required in the following situations: (i) when a single redemption request would result in a redemption of more than $100,000, (ii) when redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address or bank account not on record, (iii) when a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent and the address on record to where the proceeds are being sent has changed within 30 calendar days, or (iv) when the account’s ownership is being changed. The Funds reserve the right to waive the signature guarantee requirement. Non-financial transactions including establishing or modifying certain services on an account may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member or other acceptable form of authentication from a financial institution source. In addition to the situations described above, the Funds and/or the Transfer Agent reserve the right to require a signature guarantee or signature validation in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation. You can obtain a signature guarantee from a bank, securities dealer, securities broker, credit union, savings association, national securities exchange or registered securities association. A notary public seal will not be acceptable. You may have to supply additional documentation at the request of the Transfer Agent, depending on the type of account. Shareholders who have an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their written redemption request whether to withhold federal income tax. Redemption requests failing to indicate an election will generally be subject to a 10% withholding. Shares held in IRA accounts may be redeemed by telephone at 1-844-302-PENN (7366). Investors will be asked whether or not to withhold taxes from any distribution.

 

All redemption requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) will be processed that day and the proceeds will usually be sent the next day. “Good order” means your letter of instruction includes: (i) the Fund’s name; (ii) the number of shares or dollar amount of shares to be redeemed; (iii) signatures of all registered shareholders exactly as the shares are registered and a signature guarantee, when applicable; and (iv) the account number. You may have a check sent to the address of record, proceeds may be wired to your pre-determined financial institution

 



49

 

 

 

account or proceeds may be sent via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network using instructions previously provided to the Transfer Agent for your account. There is a $15 fee for outgoing wire transfers. In all cases, proceeds will be processed within seven calendar days following a properly completed request. If you make a redemption request before a Fund has collected payment for the purchase of shares, the Fund or the Transfer Agent may delay mailing your proceeds. This delay usually will not exceed 12 calendar days from the date of purchase.

 

You may also sell shares held at the Transfer Agent by telephone request if the amount being sold does not exceed $100,000 and if certain other conditions are met. Contact the Transfer Agent at 1-844-302-PENN (7366) for details. If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Transfer Agent will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

 

Sell Shares Systematically

 

Participate in a Fund’s Systematic Withdrawal Plan

 

You can choose to receive systematic payments from your Fund account either by check or through direct deposit to your financial institution account of at least $100 per payment if you have at least $10,000 in your account. You can generally arrange through the Transfer Agent or your selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary for systematic sales of shares of a fixed dollar amount as frequently as monthly, subject to certain conditions. You may elect to change or terminate your participation in this Plan at any time by contacting the Transfer Agent at least five calendar days prior to the next scheduled withdrawal. Under either method, you should have dividends automatically reinvested.

 

Ask your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent for details. Each withdrawal is generally a taxable event for federal income tax purposes.

 

Exchange Your Shares

 

Select the Fund into which you want to exchange.

 

You can exchange your Institutional Class shares of a Fund for Institutional Class shares in an identically registered account of another Penn Capital Fund subject to the policies and procedures adopted by the participating securities dealer or other financial intermediary and to the policies described below. The minimum exchange amount is $2,500. Exchanges generally are considered a sale for federal income tax purposes.

 

Institutional Class shares of a Fund generally are exchangeable for Institutional Class shares of another Penn Capital Fund.

 

To exercise the exchange privilege, contact your financial consultant, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary or call the Transfer Agent at 1-844-302-PENN (7366).

 

Transfer Shares to Another Securities Dealer or Other Financial Intermediary

 

Transfer to a participating securities dealer or other financial intermediary

 

You may transfer your Fund shares to another selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary if authorized dealer agreements are in place between the Distributor and the transferring intermediary and the Distributor and the receiving intermediary. Certain shareholder services may not be available for all transferred shares. All future trading of these assets must be coordinated by the receiving intermediary.

 

Transfer to a non-participating securities dealer or other financial intermediary

 

You must either:

 

Transfer your shares to an account with the Transfer Agent or

 

Sell your shares.

 

The Funds encourage, if possible, advance notification of large redemptions. It is anticipated that a Fund will meet redemption requests through the sale of portfolio assets or from its holdings in cash or cash equivalents. A Fund may use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed or abnormal market conditions, including circumstances adversely affecting the liquidity of a Fund’s investments, in which case a Fund may be more likely to be forced to sell its holdings to meet redemptions than under normal market conditions. Each Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind as described below in the section “Additional Information Regarding Purchases and Redemptions.” Redemptions in kind typically are used to meet redemption requests that represent a large percentage of a Fund’s net assets in order to limit the impact of a large redemption on the Fund and its remaining

 



50

 

 

 

shareholders. Redemptions in kind may be used in normal as well as in stressed market conditions. A Fund may also borrow, or draw on lines of credit that may be available to the Fund individually or to the Trust, in order to meet redemption requests during stressed market conditions. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is limited as to the amount that it may borrow and accordingly, borrowings (including those made under a line of credit) might be insufficient to meet redemption requests.

 

During periods of substantial economic or market change, you may find telephone redemptions difficult to implement and may encounter higher than usual call waits. Telephone trades must be received by or prior to market close. Please allow sufficient time to place your telephone transaction prior to market close. If a servicing agent or shareholder cannot contact the Transfer Agent by telephone, they should make a redemption request in writing in the manner described earlier. Once a telephone transaction has been placed, it cannot be canceled or modified after the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time). Before executing an instruction received by telephone, the Transfer Agent will use reasonable procedures to confirm that the telephone instructions are genuine. The telephone call may be recorded and the caller may be asked to verify certain personal identification information. If the Fund or its agents follow these procedures, they cannot be held liable for any loss, expense or cost arising out of any telephone redemption request that is reasonably believed to be genuine. This includes fraudulent or unauthorized requests. If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Funds will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

 

Right to Suspend Sales and Reject Purchase Orders. The Funds reserve the right to suspend the offering of shares at any time, and to reject a purchase order.

 

The Advisor and the Funds are dedicated to minimizing or eliminating short-term and/or active trading in the Funds. Purchases and exchanges of Fund shares should be made for long-term investment purposes. Short-term or excessive trading into or out of a Fund may harm other shareholders in various ways, including disrupting portfolio management strategies, increasing brokerage and administrative costs, and causing the Fund to generate taxable gains. To protect the interests of the Fund’s long-term shareholders, the Board has adopted the following policies and has authorized the Advisor to make adjustments to specific provisions in these policies as necessary to ensure their effectiveness.

 

The Funds discourage frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares, whether for “market timing” or any other purpose. Accordingly, the Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange request for any reason, including transactions representing excessive trading and transactions accepted by any shareholder’s financial intermediary. For example, a Fund may reject any purchase order, including an exchange, from any investor who, in the Advisor’s opinion, has a pattern of short-term or excessive trading in the Funds or whose trading has been disruptive to a Fund.

 

The Funds monitor trading activity in a variety of ways. Active trading within a 30-day period will generally be questioned if the trades meet certain thresholds for materiality. However, the Funds may reject trades from any shareholder who the Funds believe is engaged in excessive trading, whether or not in violation of these guidelines. The Funds may consider trading patterns over a longer period than 30 days and may take into account market conditions, the number of trades and the amount of the trades in making such determinations. In applying these policies, the Funds consider the information available to them at the time and reserve the right to consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control, or influence. Additionally, these guidelines may be changed at any time without prior notice to shareholders.

 

When excessive or short-term trading is detected, the party involved may be banned from future trading in the Funds. Judgments related to the rejection of purchases and the banning of future trades are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application. The Advisor will seek to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of the Funds’ shareholders.

 

Persons engaged in excessive trading practices may use a variety of strategies to avoid detection, such as trading through multiple financial intermediaries or within omnibus accounts that pool transactions together in one account. The Funds may not be able to effectively monitor or detect excessive or short-term trading that occurs through financial intermediaries, particularly in an omnibus account. It is common for a substantial portion of Fund shares to be held in omnibus accounts. The Funds may not always be able to detect or curtail excessive or short-term trading in omnibus accounts, which may harm shareholders as described above.

 

In addition, the Funds attempt to limit exchanges in retirement plans, which often trade in omnibus accounts, to no more than one round-trip exchange per participant within a 30-day period. It is the responsibility of plan sponsors to communicate the Funds’ restrictions to plan participants and monitor and apply the exchange limitation. The exchange limits may be modified to conform to individual plan exchange limits, Department of Labor regulations and automated asset allocation or dollar-cost-averaging programs. Certain automated or pre-established exchange, asset allocation and dollar-cost-averaging programs may not be subject to these exchange limits.

 

The Distributor may enter into agreements with respect to financial advisers and other financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Transfer Agent pursuant to which such financial advisors and other financial intermediaries undertake to cooperate with the Advisor and the Distributor in monitoring purchase, exchange and redemption orders by their customers in order to detect

 



51

 

 

 

and prevent short-term or excessive trading of the Funds’ shares through such accounts. Certain plan recordkeepers may offer the Funds a menu of options designed to limit active trading. These options may include blocking of exchanges or round-trip limitations for certain time periods. Generally, the Funds prefer to implement buy blocks, whereby a participant who initiates a sale in a Fund would not be able to make a purchase for 30 days. This limitation does not include payroll contributions, rollovers, loan transactions, automatic rebalancing or other similar transactions. It may not be practical for each plan sponsor and/or recordkeeper to implement this systematic limitation or other short-term trading policies. The Funds will accept as adequate reasonable policies and procedures to detect and deter active trading even though those policies may not be as restrictive as those of the Funds. Shareholders who own Fund shares through plan sponsors may request copies of such policies and procedures from those plan sponsors and/or recordkeepers.

 

For purposes of application of these policies, the Funds generally do not consider the following types of transactions to be active trading (unless significant in size or frequency of trades):

 

With respect to discretionary wrap programs, changes in investment models by research teams;

 

“Rebalancing” transactions by brokers or investment advisors to align accounts with target portfolios;

 

“Rebalancing” transactions by shareholders between taxable and non-taxable accounts;

 

Sales and purchases effected for the purpose of changing the class of Fund shares held;

 

Sales and purchases effected for the purpose of realizing tax gains/losses in order to offset other tax gains/losses; and

 

Sales and purchases effected by plan sponsors, recordkeepers or other intermediaries for various operational purposes.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS

 

In order to conduct transactions via the website, you will need your account number, user ID, and password. Payment for shares purchased or redeemed through the internet may be made only through electronic funds transfer via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) using a predetermined bank account. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for such transactions. You must have provided a voided check or savings deposit slip with which to establish your bank account instructions. Redemptions initiated via the website may also be paid by check to the address of record or by federal wire to the bank instructions on your account.

 

The Funds employ procedures to confirm that transactions entered through the internet are genuine. These procedures include passwords, encryption and other precautions reasonably designed to protect the integrity, confidentiality and security of shareholder information. The Fund and their transfer agent will not be responsible for any loss, liability or expense for any fraudulent or unauthorized instructions entered via the internet.

 

Liquidating Small Accounts. Because of the high cost of maintaining smaller shareholder accounts, if you redeem shares and your account balance falls below $500, the Funds may redeem all of your shares in your account after sixty (60) days’ written notice to you. A redemption of all of your shares generally will be treated as a sale for federal income tax purposes and may be subject to tax.

 

Brokerage Platforms. Institutional Shares may also be available on certain brokerage platforms. An investor transacting in Institutional Shares through a broker that is acting as an agent for the investor may be required by such broker to pay a separate commission and/or other forms of compensation to their broker. Such broker commissions are not reflected in each Fund’s fee table or expense examples.

 

Responsibility for Fraud. The Funds will not be responsible for any account losses due to fraud, so long as the Funds reasonably believe that the person transacting on an account is authorized to do so. Please protect your account information and keep it private. Contact the Funds immediately about any transactions you believe to be unauthorized.

 

Retirement Distributions. A request for distribution from an IRA or other retirement account may be delayed by the Funds pending proper documentation. If a shareholder does not want tax withholding from distributions, the shareholder may state in the distribution request that no withholding is desired and that the shareholder understands that there may be a liability for income tax on the distribution, including penalties for failure to pay estimated taxes.

 

Redemption in Kind. The Funds reserve the right to pay shareholders redeeming large amounts with, in whole or in part, securities instead of cash in certain circumstances. If your shares are thusly redeemed in kind, you will incur transaction costs when you subsequently sell the securities distributed to you. You should also understand that, as a result of subsequent market volatility, the net proceeds from the ultimate sale of any securities that you receive upon a redemption may vary, either positively or negatively, and perhaps significantly, from the redemption value of your Fund shares. Redemptions in kind are taxable for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as redemptions for cash.

 



52

 

 

 

Lost Shareholders, Inactive Accounts and Unclaimed Property. It is important that the Funds maintain a correct address for each shareholder. An incorrect address may cause a shareholder’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to a Fund. Based upon statutory requirements for returned mail, the Funds will attempt to locate the shareholder or rightful owner of the account. If a Fund is unable to locate the shareholder, then the Fund will determine whether the shareholder’s account can legally be considered abandoned. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to the state government of your state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s abandoned property laws. The Funds are legally obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The shareholder’s last known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction. Please proactively contact the Funds’ Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-844-302-PENN (7366) at least annually to ensure your account remains in active status.

 

If you are a resident of the state of Texas, you may designate a representative to receive notifications that, due to inactivity, your mutual fund account assets may be delivered to the Texas Comptroller. Please contact the Transfer Agent if you wish to complete a Texas Designation of Representative form.

 

Householding. In order to control costs associated with mailings, the Funds will, until notified otherwise, send only one copy of each Prospectus, shareholder report and proxy statement to each household address that it has on record for you and your family members living in the same home.

 

This process, known as “householding,” does not apply to account statements, confirmations or personal tax information. If you do not wish to participate in householding, or wish to discontinue householding at any time, call 1-844-302-PENN (7366). The Funds will resume separate mailings to you within 30 days of your request.

 

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Each Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund and the Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund expect to declare and distribute all of their net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends monthly. The Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund and the Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund expect to declare and distribute all of their net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends annually. Each Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually, usually in December. A Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee a Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution.

 

Distributions may be taken in cash or in additional shares at NAV. For Federal income tax purposes, distributions are treated the same whether they are received in cash or reinvested. Shares become entitled to receive distributions on the day after the shares are issued. Dividends and capital gain distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares unless a shareholder has elected, by written notice to the Funds, or by telephone, to receive dividends and capital gain distributions in cash. Any changes to the distribution option should be submitted at least 5 days in advance of the payment date for the distribution.

 

If you elect to receive distributions and/or capital gains paid in cash, and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months, the Funds reserve the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account, at the current NAV for the applicable Fund, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.

 

Annual Statements

 

Each year, the Funds will send you an annual statement (Form 1099) of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December. Prior to issuing your statement, the Funds make every effort to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to you. However, if a Fund finds it necessary to reclassify its distributions or adjust the cost basis of any covered shares (defined below) sold or exchanged after you receive your tax statement, the Fund will send you a corrected Form 1099.

 

Taxes

 

The following is a summary of certain United States tax considerations relevant under current law, which may be subject to change in the future. Except where otherwise indicated, the summary assumes you are a U.S. citizen or resident or otherwise subject to U.S. federal income tax. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to their specific situations.

 



53

 

 

 

Each Fund contemplates declaring as dividends each year all or substantially all of its taxable income, including its net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss). Distributions attributable to the net capital gain of a Fund (including distributions attributable to net capital gains of underlying investment companies) will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your shares. The maximum federal long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals, estates, and trusts is 23.8% (which includes a 3.8% Medicare tax). Other Fund distributions will generally be taxable as ordinary income, except as discussed below. A portion of those distributions, however, may be treated as “qualified dividend income” taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders at long-term capital gain rates, as long as certain requirements are met. A distribution is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent a Fund or an underlying investment company receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that the holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund, the underlying investment company and the shareholder. Additionally, a portion of the distributions paid by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Except as otherwise discussed below, you will be subject to federal income tax on Fund distributions regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. You will be notified annually of the tax status of distributions to you.

 

Distributions from a Fund will generally be taxable to you in the taxable year in which they are paid, with one exception. Distributions declared by a Fund in October, November or December and paid in January of the following year are taxed as though they were paid on December 31.

 

A Fund may be subject to foreign withholding or other foreign income taxes with respect to dividends or interest received from (and, in some cases, gains recognized on shares of stock of) non-U.S. companies. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may be eligible to make an election to treat a proportionate amount of those taxes as constituting a distribution to each shareholder, which would allow you either (1) to credit that proportionate amount of taxes against U.S. federal income tax liability as a foreign tax credit, subject to applicable limitations, or (2) to take that amount as an itemized deduction. The Fund may choose not to make this election.

 

You should note that if you purchase shares just before a distribution, the purchase price will reflect the amount of the upcoming distribution, but you will be taxed on the entire amount of the distribution received, even though, as an economic matter, the distribution simply constitutes a return of a portion of your purchase price. This adverse tax result is known as “buying into a dividend.”

 

You will generally recognize taxable gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on a sale, exchange or redemption of your shares, based on the difference, if any, between your tax basis in the shares and the amount you receive for them. This gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss if you hold your Fund shares as capital assets and will be long-term if you held your shares for more than twelve months at the time you dispose of them. Additionally, any loss realized on a disposition of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other shares of the same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.

 

Any loss realized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends that were received on the shares.

 

For shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, the Funds (or relevant broker or financial adviser) are required to compute and report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to Fund shareholders cost basis information when such shares are sold or exchanged. The Funds have elected to use the average cost method, unless you instruct the Funds to use a different IRS-accepted cost basis method, or choose to specifically identify your shares at the time of each sale or exchange. If your account is held by your broker or other financial adviser, they may select a different cost basis method. In these cases, please contact your broker or other financial adviser to obtain information with respect to the available methods and elections for your account. You should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Funds and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on your federal and state income tax returns. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting requirements apply to them.

 

The Funds may be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the IRS a percentage of taxable dividends or gross proceeds realized upon sale payable to shareholders who have failed to provide a correct tax identification number in the manner required, or who are subject to withholding by the IRS for failure to properly include on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends, or who have failed to certify to the Fund that they are not subject to backup withholding when required to do so or that they are “exempt recipients.” The current backup withholding rate is 24%.

 

IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans: One major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on, and sales, exchanges and redemptions of, shares held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless such shares were acquired with borrowed funds.

 



54

 

 

 

U.S. Tax Treatment of Foreign Shareholders: Generally, nonresident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign investors are subject to a 30% withholding tax on dividends paid by a U.S. corporation, although the rate may be reduced for an investor that is a qualified resident of a foreign country with an applicable tax treaty with the United States. In the case of regulated investment companies such as the Funds, however, certain categories of dividends are exempt from the 30% withholding tax. These generally include dividends attributable to the Funds’ net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses), dividends attributable to the Funds’ interest income from U.S. obligors and dividends attributable to net short-term capital gains of the Funds.

 

Foreign shareholders will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on the sale, exchange or redemption of shares in the Funds, except that a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a calendar year will be taxable on such gains and on capital gain dividends from the Funds.

 

In contrast, if a foreign investor conducts a trade or business in the United States and the investment in a Fund is effectively connected with that trade or business, then the foreign investor’s income from the Funds will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates in a manner similar to the income of a U.S. citizen or resident.

 

The Funds will also generally be required to withhold 30% tax on certain payments to foreign entities that do not provide a Form W-8BEN-E that evidences their compliance with, or exemption from, specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.

 

All foreign investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in the Funds.

 

Shares of the Funds have not been registered for sale outside of the United States and certain United States territories.

 

State and Local Taxes: Shareholders may also be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain from Fund shares. Shareholders should consult their advisers regarding the tax status of distributions in their state and locality.

 

More information about taxes is contained in the Funds’ SAI.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The following tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor would have earned (or lost) during each period on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2023 and 2022, the fiscal period ended August 31, 2021, and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with each Fund’s financial statements and financial highlights, is included in the Funds’ most recent annual report to shareholders. The information for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was audited by the Funds’ former independent registered public accounting firm. You may obtain a copy of the Funds’ most recent annual and semi-annual reports by contacting the Trust by telephone, mail, or by visiting www.penncapitalfunds.com.

 



55

 

 

 

   

Per Common
Share Data
(a)

 
           

Income from
Investment
operations

   

Distributions
to shareholders

 
   

Net asset
value,
beginning
of period

   

Net
investment
income
(loss)

   

Net
realized
and
unrealized
gains
(losses)

   

Total from
investment
operations

   

Dividends
from net
investment
income

   

Distributions
from capital
gains

   

Total
distributions

 

Penn Capital Short Duration High Income Fund

                                       

Institutional Class

                                                       

9/1/22 to 8/31/23

  $ 9.15       0.41       0.17       0.58       (0.41 )           (0.41 )

9/1/21 to 8/31/22

  $ 9.73       0.29       (0.58 )     (0.29 )     (0.29 )           (0.29 )

7/1/21 to 8/31/21(e)

  $ 9.74       0.05       (0.01 )     0.04       (0.05 )           (0.05 )

7/1/20 to 6/30/21

  $ 9.33       0.36       0.41       0.77       (0.36 )           (0.36 )

7/1/19 to 6/30/20

  $ 9.93       0.37       (0.59 )     (0.22 )     (0.38 )           (0.38 )

7/1/18 to 6/30/19

  $ 9.85       0.35       0.10       0.45 (f)      (0.37 )           (0.37 )

Penn Capital Opportunistic High Income Fund

                                       

Institutional Class

                                                       

9/1/22 to 8/31/23

  $ 8.50       0.53       (0.03 )     0.50       (0.52 )           (0.52 )

9/1/21 to 8/31/22

  $ 9.96       0.46       (1.46 )     (1.00 )     (0.46 )           (0.46 )

7/1/21 to 8/31/21(e)

  $ 10.00       0.08       (0.04 )     0.04       (0.08 )           (0.08 )

7/1/20 to 6/30/21

  $ 8.88       0.54       1.12       1.66       (0.54 )           (0.54 )

7/1/19 to 6/30/20

  $ 9.99       0.53       (1.10 )     (0.57 )(f)     (0.54 )           (0.54 )

7/1/18 to 6/30/19

  $ 10.06       0.59       (0.02 )     0.57       (0.61 )     (0.03 )     (0.64 )

Penn Capital Special Situations Small Cap Equity Fund

                                       

Institutional Class

                                                       

9/1/22 to 8/31/23

  $ 13.64       0.02       0.57       0.59             (0.23 )     (0.23 )

9/1/21 to 8/31/22

  $ 19.62       (0.05 )     (2.12 )     (2.17 )           (3.81 )     (3.81 )

7/1/21 to 8/31/21(e)

  $ 19.79       (0.01 )     (0.16 )     (0.17 )                  

7/1/20 to 6/30/21

  $ 9.33       (0.01 )     10.47       10.46                    

7/1/19 to 6/30/20

  $ 10.67       (0.03 )     (1.31 )     (1.34 )                  

7/1/18 to 6/30/19

  $ 12.59       (0.05 )     (0.98 )     (1.03 )(f)           (0.89 )     (0.89 )

Penn Capital Mid Cap Core Fund

                                                       

Institutional Class

                                                       

9/1/22 to 8/31/23

  $ 12.42       0.00 (g)      0.89       0.89       (0.02 )     (0.05 )     (0.07

9/1/21 to 8/31/22

  $ 16.79       0.02       (2.62 )     (2.60 )     (0.05 )     (1.72 )     (1.77 )

7/1/21 to 8/31/21(e)

  $ 16.76       (0.01 )     0.04       0.03                    

7/1/20 to 6/30/21

  $ 11.49       0.03       5.24       5.27       (g)            (g) 

7/1/19 to 6/30/20

  $ 12.68       0.00 (g)      (0.60 )     (0.60 )           (0.59 )     (0.59 )

7/1/18 to 6/30/19

  $ 13.55       (0.01 )     0.37       0.36 (f)            (1.23 )     (1.23 )

 

(a)

Information presented related to a share outstanding for the entire period.

(b)

Annualized for periods less than one full year.

(c)

Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued.

(d)

Not annualized.

(e)

The Funds changed their fiscal year end to August 31.

(f)

Total from investment operations per share includes redemption fees of less than $0.01 per share.

(g)

Amount is less than $0.005 per share.

Per share data calculated using average shares outstanding method.



56

 

 

 

 

Supplemental
data and ratios

 
                                                               
 

Net asset
value, end
of period

   

Total
return
(d)

   

Net assets,
end of period
(in 000’s)

   

Ratio of
expenses to
average
net assets,
including
waivers and
reimbursement
(b)

   

Ratio of
expenses to
average
net assets,
excluding
waivers
and
reimbursement
(b)

   

Ratio of net
investment
income (loss)
to average net
assets, including
waivers and
reimbursement
(b)

   

Ratio of net
investment
income (loss)
to average net
assets, excluding
waivers and
reimbursement
(b)

   

Portfolio
Turnover
Rate
(c)(d)

 
                                                               
                                                               
  $ 9.32       6.50 %   $ 31,389       0.54 %     1.22 %     4.44 %     3.72 %     67 %
  $ 9.15       (3.05 )%   $ 33,905       0.54 %     0.88 %     3.02 %     2.68 %     54 %
  $ 9.73       0.41 %   $ 43,871       0.54 %     0.99 %     2.97 %     2.52 %     11 %
  $ 9.74       11.96 %   $ 40,180       0.54 %     1.16 %     3.77 %     3.15 %     104 %
  $ 9.33       (2.33 )%   $ 44,462       0.54 %     1.15 %     3.87 %     3.26 %     113 %
  $ 9.93       4.65 %   $ 34,924       0.54 %     1.44 %     3.75 %     2.85 %     48 %
                                                               
                                                               
  $ 8.48       6.14 %   $ 25,738       0.72 %     1.50 %     6.34 %     5.52 %     61 %
  $ 8.50       (10.31 )%   $ 18,002       0.72 %     1.42 %     4.94 %     4.24 %     71 %
  $ 9.96       0.43 %   $ 18,959       0.72 %     1.65 %     4.69 %     3.76 %     18 %
  $ 10.00       19.08 %   $ 20,099       0.72 %     2.08 %     5.27 %     4.21 %     156 %
  $ 8.88       (5.86 )%   $ 17,819       0.72 %     2.08 %     5.66 %     4.30 %     149 %
  $ 9.99       5.83 %   $ 15,236       0.72 %     2.26 %     5.90 %     4.36 %     85 %
                                                               
                                                               
  $ 14.00       4.40 %   $ 41,258       1.09 %     1.73 %     0.13 %     (0.55 )%     69 %
  $ 13.64       (14.39 )%   $ 16,616       1.09 %     1.58 %     (0.34 )%     (0.83 )%     87 %
  $ 19.62       (0.86 )%   $ 16,894       1.09 %     1.71 %     (0.46 )%     (1.08 )%     11 %
  $ 19.79       112.11 %   $ 16,923       1.09 %     2.97 %     (0.02 )%     (1.90 )%     132 %
  $ 9.33       (12.56 )%   $ 7,245       1.09 %     3.09 %     (0.42 )%     (2.42 )%     115 %
  $ 10.67       (7.91 )%   $ 10,198       1.09 %     2.38 %     (0.35 )%     (1.64 )%     97 %
                                                               
                                                               
  $ 13.24       7.14   $ 13,231       1.06 %     1.79 %     0.01 %     (0.76 )%     94 %
  $ 12.42       (17.45 )%   $ 12,677       1.06 %     1.49 %     0.14 %     (0.29 )%     38 %
  $ 16.79       0.18 %   $ 18,860       1.06 %     1.70 %     (0.28 )%     (0.92 )%     3 %
  $ 16.76       45.88 %   $ 19,972       1.06 %     2.19 %     0.30 %     (0.83 )%     59 %
  $ 11.49       (5.23 )%   $ 15,966       1.06 %     2.14 %     (0.04 )%     (1.12 )%     57 %
  $ 12.68       3.64 %   $ 14,363       1.06 %     2.20 %     (0.11 )%     (1.25 )%     40 %

 

 



57

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND TRUST

 

PRIVACY POLICY

 

FACTS

WHAT DOES THE RBB FUND TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?

Why?

Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.

What?

The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us.

 

The information can include:

 

● Social Security number

● Account balances and account transactions

● Assets and transaction history

 

When you are no longer our client, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

How?

All financial companies need to share clients’ personal information to run the everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their clients’ personal information; the reasons PENN chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.

       

Reasons we can share your personal information

Does Penn share?

Can you limit this sharing?

For everyday business purposes —
such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus

Yes

No

For marketing purposes —
to offer our products and services to you

No

No

For joint marketing with other financial companies

No

No

For affiliates’ everyday business purposes —
information about transaction(s) and experiences

Yes

No

For affiliates’ everyday business purposes —
information about your creditworthiness

No

No

For nonaffiliates to market to you

No

No

       

Questions?

Call 215-302-1500 or go to www.penncapital.com

 

 



58

 

 

 

What we do

 

Who is providing this notice?

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC and its affiliates (“Penn”)

What we do

 

How does Penn protect my personal information?

To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer and secured files and buildings.

How does Penn collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

 

Open an account or deposit money

Provide information on client questionnaires

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

 

● sharing for affiliates everyday business purposes –
information about your creditworthiness

● affiliates from using your information to market to you

● sharing for non-affiliates to market to you

 

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

Definitions

 

Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial or nonfinancial companies

 

Penn Capital Management Company, LLC

Spouting Rock Asset Management, LLC

Spouting Rock Alternate Credit, LLC

Non-affiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial or nonfinancial companies

 

Penn does not share information with non-affiliates

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between non affiliated companies that together market financial products or services to you.

 

Penn does not have joint marketing partners

Other important information

This notice replaces all previous notices of our consumer privacy policy, and may be amended from time to time. Penn will inform you of updates or changes as required by law.

 

 

 



59

 

 

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports

 

Additional information about each Fund’s investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The Funds’ annual report discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

 

Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”)

 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference into, and is legally part of, this Prospectus.

 

Contacting the Fund

 

You can receive free copies of the Prospectus, SAI and annual/semi-annual reports or other information by visiting the Funds’ website at www.penncapitalfunds.com or by contacting the Funds at:

 

PENN Capital Funds

 

c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
1-844-302-PENN (7366) (toll free)

 

SEC Information

 

Reports and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to [email protected].

 

Distributor

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100
Portland, ME 04101
www.foreside.com

 

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23011

 

© Penn Capital Management Company, LLC 2023

 

PENN-001-23

 

 

 

 

 

false 0001618627 0001618627
~ http://rbbfund.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact rbb_S000079134Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rbbfund.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact rbb_S000079134Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rbbfund.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact rbb_S000079134Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rbbfund.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact rbb_S000079134Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
2020-12-31 2020-03-31
~ http://rbbfund.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact rbb_S000079134Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
0001618627 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:C000240014Member 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rr:RiskLoseMoneyMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rr:RiskNotInsuredDepositoryInstitutionMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:EquitySecuritiesRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:LargeCompaniesRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:ManagementRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:MarketRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:SectorRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:FinancialSectorRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:ShareOwnershipRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:ValueStyleInvestmentRiskMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:C000240014Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:C000240014Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:Torray1Member 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 0001618627 rbb:S000079134Member rbb:Torray2Member 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 iso4217:USD xbrli:pure