0000810695 false Dec 31, 2021 May 01, 2022 497 N-1A Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust May 01, 2022
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005856Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000017165Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000005874Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000026200Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000055002Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000067226Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/BarChartData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/PerformanceTableData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000065726Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ShareholderFeesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000072819Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/OperatingExpensesData column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000072819Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExampleNoRedemption column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000072819Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
~ http://rationalmf.com/role/ExpenseExample column period compact * column dei_LegalEntityAxis compact hf_S000072819Member column rr_ProspectusShareClassAxis compact * row primary compact * ~
0000810695 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000016036Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000135443Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000016038Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047568Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000169250Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047570Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000016090Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000135444Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000016092Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000078667Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000169251Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000169252Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172993Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172994Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172995Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:C000216242Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:C000216243Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:C000216241Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:C000212570Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:C000212571Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:C000212569Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000072819Member hf:C000229366Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000072819Member hf:C000229367Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000072819Member hf:C000229365Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172995Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172995Member hf:BarclayCTAIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172994Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172994Member hf:BarclayCTAIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:BarclayCTAIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:ICEBofAInvestmentGradeUSConvertible5PercentConstrainedIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:BloombergUSAggregateBondIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:BloombergUSMortgageBackedSecuritiesMBSIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000072819Member 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000135443Member hf:SAndP500ValueTotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000016038Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000016038Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005856Member hf:C000016036Member hf:SAndP500ValueTotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047570Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047570Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047568Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000017165Member hf:C000047570Member hf:SAndP500ValueTotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000135444Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000016092Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000005874Member hf:C000016092Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000169251Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000078667Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000078667Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000026200Member hf:C000078667Member hf:SAndP500TotalReturnIndexReflectsNoDeductionForFeesExpensesOrTaxesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172995Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000055002Member hf:C000172995Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:C000216241Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000067226Member hf:C000216241Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:C000212569Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 0000810695 hf:S000065726Member hf:C000212569Member rr:AfterTaxesOnDistributionsAndSalesMember 2022-05-01 2022-05-01 iso4217:USD xbrli:pure

 

 

PROSPECTUS

May 1, 2022

  

Rational Equity Armor Fund

Class A Shares: HDCAX Class C Shares: HDCEX Institutional Shares: HDCTX

 

Rational Tactical Return Fund

Class A Shares: HRSAX Class C Shares: HRSFX Institutional Shares: HRSTX

 

Rational Dynamic Brands Fund

Class A Shares: HSUAX Class C Shares: HSUCX Institutional Shares: HSUTX

 

Rational Strategic Allocation Fund

Class A Shares: RHSAX Class C Shares: RHSCX Institutional Shares: RHSIX

 

Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Class A Shares: RDMAX Class C Shares: RDMCX Institutional Shares: RDMIX

 

Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Class A Shares: PBXAX Class C Shares: PBXCX Institutional Shares: PBXIX

 

Rational Special Situations Income Fund

Class A Shares: RFXAX Class C Shares: RFXCX Institutional Shares: RFXIX

 

Rational Inflation Growth Fund

Class A Shares: IGOAX Class C Shares: IGOCX Institutional Shares: IGOIX

 

This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL EQUITY ARMOR FUND   1
FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL TACTICAL RETURN FUND   9
FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL DYNAMIC BRANDS FUND   16
FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL STRATEGIC ALLOCATION FUND   23
FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL/RESOLVE ADAPTIVE ASSET ALLOCATION FUND   33
FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL/PIER 88 CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND   42
FUND SUMMARY - RATIONAL SPECIAL SITUATIONS INCOME FUND   49
FUND SUMMARY - RATIONAL INFLATION GROWTH FUND   59
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS   66
HOW TO BUY SHARES   104
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES   111
ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES   116
VALUING FUND ASSETS   116
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES   117
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS   119
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS   130
APPENDIX A — INTERMEDIARY-SPECIFIC SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS   150
PRIVACY NOTICE   153
FOR MORE INFORMATION   155

i

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL EQUITY ARMOR FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return on investment, with dividend income an important component of that return.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares

Class A
Shares

Class C
Shares

Management Fees 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%) 0.40% 0.40% 0.40%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3) 0.02% 0.02% 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.17% 1.42% 2.17%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The total annual fund operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.

 

1

 

 

Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example shows the operating expenses you would incur as a shareholder if you invested $10,000 in the Fund over the time periods shown and you redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. The example assumes that the average annual return was 5% and operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on the above assumptions, your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $119 $372 $644 $1,420
Class A Shares $613 $903 $1,214 $2,096
Class C Shares – no redemption $220 $679 $1,164 $2,503

Class C Shares – with redemption $320 $679 $1,164 $2,503

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 239% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategy

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in common stock of dividend paying companies included within the S&P 500 Index. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities. The Fund seeks to hedge the majority of its stock exposure by investing up to 20% of its assets in futures contracts on the Cboe Volatility Index (the “VIX Index”) (“VIX Futures”) or other similar volatility-related products, and in cash and cash equivalents, including U.S. Treasury obligations, as a hedge against the common stock held in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Equity Armor Investments, LLC, the investment sub-advisor of the Fund (“the “Sub-Advisor”), uses a rules-based quantitative strategy to create a portfolio primarily composed of common stock of dividend paying companies (including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”)) that it believes offer the best return potential and low volatility under the current economic environment. Stocks are selected based on a proprietary model comprised of the following factors: (i) domestic factors such as unemployment rate, corporate cash flow, housing starts, auto sales, and new durable goods; (ii) monetary factors; (iii) interest rates; (iv) various index levels including gold index, energy prices, consumer price index; and (v) international factors such as euro exchange rates, FTSE 100, Tokyo stock exchange, and agricultural exports. The goal of the strategy is to select those companies with prices that (i) are primarily driven by the economy rather than company-specific information; (ii) are neutral or suitable in the current economy; (iii) do not exhibit excessive reaction to economic changes; and (iv) have decreased in value in lesser amounts historically than the S&P 500 Index during periods of declines in the S&P 500 Index. The Fund’s sector allocation shall not exceed approximately three times the sector’s weight in the S&P 500 Index, and the Fund’s allocation to any sector shall not exceed approximately 40% of the Fund’s assets at the time of investing. The Fund’s sector allocation is assessed and rebalanced, if necessary, on a quarterly basis. The Fund’s sector allocation process does not focus on any particular sectors.

 

The Fund invests a portion of its assets in VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products utilizing the same methodology as the Equity Armor Investments VOL 365 Trading Strategy (the “EAVOL Trading Strategy”), which is based on a proprietary VIX futures trading strategy that seeks to correlate to VIX Futures returns. The Fund primarily invests in VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products and seeks to achieve high correlation to the return of the EAVOL Trading Strategy for this component of the Fund’s portfolio. The EAVOL Trading Strategy was created by the Sub-Advisor and is constructed pursuant to a rules-based volatility analysis that identifies investments that present the least potential for time decay (i.e., the decline in the value of a contract over the passage of time) while maintaining the highest correlation to VIX Index price movement each day. Historically, the VIX Index and VIX Futures tend to negatively correlate to equity price movement. Therefore, the EAVOL Trading Strategy may appreciate during times of downward equity prices or when implied volatility expectations of equities rise. Likewise, when equity prices appreciate or implied volatility expectations decline, the EAVOL Trading Strategy is likely to decline in value. Volatility analysis includes the study of price, momentum, future curves, as well as recurring price patterns. The EAVOL Trading Strategy consists primarily of VIX Futures and holds VIX Futures or VIX Index options by primarily investing in VIX Futures at the time of purchase. The components of the EAVOL Trading Strategy are adjusted on a daily basis. The Fund adjusts this component of the portfolio on a daily basis in order to closely track the EAVOL Trading Strategy.

 

2

 

 

During times of higher than normal volatility conditions in the stock market, the Sub-Advisor may also choose to trade securities related to the VIX Index, such as S&P 500 Index futures, options on S&P 500 Index futures and VIX Index options, in order to achieve the volatility overlay to the Fund’s equity exposure, if the Sub-Advisor determines that these securities provide greater access to volatility and at such time, the total EAVOL Trading Strategy. The use of such S&P 500 Index futures and options thereon will typically be used in adverse market conditions where the VIX Index is above 30, which is roughly two times its historical average price. The VIX Index is calculated based on roughly 30-day expiring S&P 500 Index options, thus VIX Futures will cash settle based on the final settlement price of the VIX Index using opening rotation procedures of the Cboe on expiration using S&P 500 Index options. Because S&P 500 Index options provide a proxy for the VIX Index and VIX Futures, S&P 500 Index options correlate to VIX Futures. Because S&P 500 Index Futures and options thereon eventually settle into the S&P 500 Index quarterly expiration, the Sub-Advisor may choose to trade such securities in place of, or in addition to, VIX Futures.

 

The Fund’s volatility hedging strategy aims to minimize possible losses that are common in stock indexes so that investors might be able to ride-out market swings in pursuit of their long-term investment objectives. However, the volatility overlay has an associated cost. Given the negative correlation between equity price movements and the EAVOL Trading Strategy described above, the strategy may result in a reduction in the Fund’s return. The Fund’s strategy has no annualized target for the level of volatility it seeks to achieve under normal circumstances. There may be times that the Sub-Advisor determines not to implement the Fund’s volatility hedging strategy.

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio investments, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Class/Sector/Region Focus Risk. If the Fund invests more than 25% of its net assets in a particular asset class, or securities of issuers within a particular market sector or geographic region, it is subject to increased risk. Performance will generally depend on the performance of the class, sector or region, which may differ in direction and degree from that of the overall U.S. stock or bond markets. In addition, financial, economic, business and political developments affecting the class, sector or region may have a greater effect on the Fund.

 

Counterparty Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if an issuer’s securities experience a credit downgrade; an issuer or guarantor of an investment held by the Fund fails to pay an obligation on a timely basis, otherwise defaults or is perceived by other investors to be less creditworthy; or a counterparty to a derivatives or other transaction with the Fund files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to honor its obligation to the Fund.

 

3

 

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio managers’ ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Sub-Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

Hedging Risk. Hedging is a strategy in which the Fund uses options or futures to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging strategy will reduce risk or that hedging transactions will be either available or cost effective. The Fund is not required to use hedging and may choose not to do so.

 

Options Market Risk. Markets for options and options on futures may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options and options on futures may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for the Fund to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.

 

Options Risk. There are risks associated with the Fund’s use of options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Conversely, as a seller (writer) of a call option or put option, the Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above (written call option) or falls below (written put option) the respective option’s strike price. The Fund’s losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in an unhedged written call transaction.

 

4

 

 

Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Further, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. Options are also subject to leverage and volatility risk, liquidity risk, tracking risk, and sub-strategy risk.

 

Dividend Yield Risk. While the Fund may hold securities of companies that have historically paid a dividend, those companies may reduce or discontinue their dividends, thus reducing the yield of the Fund. Lower priced securities in the Fund may be more susceptible to these risks. Past dividend payments are not a guarantee of future dividend payments.

 

Equity Securities Risk. The price of the common stock in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and on market and economic conditions. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

Large Capitalization Stock Risk. Investments in larger, more established companies are subject to the risk that larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Large capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors potentially resulting in lower markets for their common stock. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

 

Leverage Risk. The use of leverage by the Fund, such as through the use of derivatives, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.

 

Managed Volatility Risk. Techniques used by the Sub-Advisor to manage the volatility of the Fund’s investments carry the risks that such techniques may not protect against market declines. The techniques may also limit the Fund’s participation in market gains, particularly during periods where market values are increasing but market volatility is high. Further, such techniques may increase portfolio transaction costs, which could result in losses or reduced gains. They also may not be successful as the techniques are subject to the Sub-Advisor’s ability to correctly analyze and implement the volatility management techniques in a timely manner.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular stocks or other securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired result.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

5

 

 

Model and Data Risk. Like all quantitative analysis, the investment models utilized by the Sub-Advisor carry the risk that the ranking system, valuation results and predictions might be based on one or more incorrect assumptions, insufficient historical data, inadequate design, or may not be suitable for the purpose intended. In addition, models may not perform as intended for many reasons including errors, omissions, imperfections or malfunctions. Because the use of models is usually based on data supplied by third parties, the success of the Sub-Advisor’s use of such models is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied data. Historical data inputs may be subject to revision or corrections, which may diminish data reliability and quality of predictive results. Changing and unforeseen market dynamics could also lead to a decrease in the short-term or long-term effectiveness of a model. Models may lose their predictive validity and incorrectly forecast future market behavior and asset prices, leading to potential losses. No assurance can be given that a model will be successful under all or any market conditions.

 

Real Estate/REIT Risk. The Fund’s investments in REITs are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate, including sensitivity to general economic downturns and the volatility of local real estate markets. REITs may have limited financial resources and their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volume, and thus they may be more volatile than other securities.

 

Short Position Risk. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short position, in securities or futures, if the price of the short position instrument increases in value between the date of the short position sale and the date on which an offsetting position is purchased. Losses due to short sales are potentially unlimited. Short positions may be considered speculative transactions and involve special risks, including greater reliance on the Sub-Advisor’s ability to accurately anticipate the future value of a security or instrument.

 

Turnover Risk. The Fund may have a high turnover of the securities held in its portfolio. Increased portfolio turnover causes the Fund to incur higher brokerage costs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may produce increased taxable distributions.

 

Volatility Risk. Significant short-term price movements could adversely impact the performance of the Fund. Market conditions in which significant price movements develop, but then repeatedly reverse, could cause substantial losses due to prices moving against the Fund’s long or short positions (which are based on prior trends). The performance of the Fund is based in part on the prices of one or more of the VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products in which the Fund invests. Each of the equity securities held by the Fund and the VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products are affected by a variety of factors and may change unpredictably, affecting the value of such equity securities and VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products and, consequently, the value and the market price of the Fund’s shares.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.”

 

Performance: The bar chart and accompanying table shown below provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the total return of its Institutional shares for each full calendar year, and by showing how its average returns compare over time with those of a broad-based market index. How the Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information and daily net asset value per share is available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

The Fund changed its sub-advisor and investment strategy effective December 13, 2019. Performance information for periods prior to December 13, 2019 does not reflect the Fund’s current investment strategy and the Fund was not managed by the Fund’s current Sub-Advisor prior to December 13, 2019.

 

6

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 10.88% (quarter ended June 30, 2020), and the lowest return for a quarter was (13.70)% (quarter ended December 31, 2018).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was 0.98%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 14.52% 4.97% 6.78%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 14.18% 3.71% 4.65%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 8.82% 3.43% 4.61%
Class A Shares      
Return Before Taxes 8.64% 3.69% 6.00%
S&P 500 Value Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 24.90% 11.90% 13.29%
  1 Year 5 Years Since Class C
Inception
(1/2/2014)
Class C Shares      
Return Before Taxes 13.40% 4.01% 3.80%
S&P 500 Value Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 24.90% 11.90% 10.73%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-advantaged accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Institutional shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

 

7

 

 

Investment Advisor and Portfolio Managers

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (“Rational”) is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 

Sub-Advisor: Equity Armor Investments, LLC is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: Brian Stutland, Managing Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of the Sub-Advisor; Luke Rahbari, Managing Member and a Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor; and Joseph Tigay, Chief Trading Officer and a Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, serve as the Fund’s Portfolio Managers and are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Stutland is the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager. Messrs. Stutland, Rahbari, and Tigay have served the Fund in these capacities since December 2019.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A shares and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

8

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL TACTICAL RETURN FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return consisting of long-term capital appreciation and income.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested

Dividends and other Distributions

None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 1.75% 1.75% 1.75%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%) 0.29% 0.29% 0.25%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3) 0.06% 0.06% 0.06%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 2.10% 2.35% 3.06%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) (0.05)% (0.05)% (0.01)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) 2.05% 2.30% 3.05%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
(4) The Fund’s investment adviser, Rational Advisors, Inc. has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses) to not more than 1.99%, 2.24% and 2.99% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

9

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $208 $653 $1,124 $2,427
Class A Shares $697 $1,169 $1,666 $3,030
Class C Shares – no redemption $308 $944 $1,605 $3,373

Class C Shares – with redemption $408 $944 $1,605 $3,373

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 0% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategy

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests primarily in long and short call and put options on futures contracts on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (“SPX”), and in cash and cash equivalents (including short-term Treasury securities and unaffiliated money market funds).

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective in three ways: (1) Premium Collection – the Fund collects premiums on options it sells; (2) Volatility Trading – the Fund may enter into positions designed to hedge or profit from either an increase or a decrease in the SPX volatility; and (3) Trend Following – the Fund may increase or decrease the balance of puts and calls based on trending market direction; however, in general, the strategy does not depend on a forecast of equity market direction and is designed to produce returns that are not correlated with equity market returns.

 

The Fund’s risk management procedures aim to provide consistency of returns and to mitigate the extent of losses. However, the procedures may not be successful in doing so. Positions are entered on a continuous basis across different option exercise prices and expiration dates. The foundation of the Fund’s trading methodology is determined by both technical and fundamental analysis of SPX futures. Technical analysis focuses on the statistical analysis of price movements of the SPX and provides the framework for trade decisions. However, Warrington Asset Management, LLC (the “Sub-Advisor”) also uses fundamental analysis of macroeconomic events such Federal Reserve policy statements, disputes between countries, political upheaval, and other geopolitical events to supplement the technical analysis for final trade execution. The Fund employs risk management procedures intended to adjust portfolio exposure as necessitated by changing market conditions, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance. In the event options on SPX futures are unavailable for investment, in order to gain similar market exposure, the Fund may instead invest a significant portion of its assets in CBOE Volatility Index (“VIX”) futures and options, and SPX options. The VIX is a measure of the implied volatility of S&P 500 Index options.

 

Exchange-traded options on broad-based equity indices that trade on a national securities exchange registered with the SEC, or a domestic board of trade designated as a contract market by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, generally qualify for treatment as “section 1256 contracts,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Under the Code, capital gains and losses on “section 1256 contracts” are generally recognized annually based on a marking-to-market of open positions at tax year-end, with gains or losses treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term, regardless of holding period. The Fund intends to utilize primarily options that are “section 1256 contracts.”

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio securities in an attempt to achieve its investment objective.

 

10

 

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time.

 

Counterparty Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if an issuer’s securities experience a credit downgrade; an issuer or guarantor of an investment held by the Fund fails to pay an obligation on a timely basis, otherwise defaults or is perceived by other investors to be less creditworthy; or a counterparty to a derivatives or other transaction with the Fund files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to honor its obligation to the Fund.

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio managers’ ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Sub-Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

11

 

 

Hedging Risk. Hedging is a strategy in which the Fund uses options or futures to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging strategy will reduce risk or that hedging transactions will be either available or cost effective. The Fund is not required to use hedging and may choose not to do so.

 

Options Market Risk. Markets for options and options on futures may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options and options on futures may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for the Fund to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.

 

Options Risk. There are risks associated with the Fund’s use of options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Conversely, as a seller (writer) of a call option or put option, the Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above (written call option) or falls below (written put option) the respective option’s strike price. The Fund’s losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in an unhedged written call transaction.

 

Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Further, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. Options are also subject to leverage and volatility risk, liquidity risk, tracking risk, and sub-strategy risk.

 

Index Risk. The options and futures in which the Fund invests will be subject to the risks associated with changes in the index to which they are linked.

 

Leverage Risk. The use of leverage by the Fund, such as the use of options or futures, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. Liquid securities can become illiquid due to political, economic or issuer specific events; supply/demand imbalances; changes in a specific market’s size or structure, including the number of participants; or overall market disruptions.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies and models employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular securities, options, and futures in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired results.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

12

 

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in the laws or regulations of the United States, including any changes to applicable tax laws and regulations, could impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective and could increase the operating expenses of the Fund. The Fund is deemed to be a “commodity pool” under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, and the Advisor is a “commodity pool operator” registered with and regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). As a result, additional CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations apply with respect to the Fund. Compliance with new regulatory requirements could increase the Fund’s expenses.

 

Turnover Risk. The Fund may have a high turnover of the securities held in its portfolio. Increased portfolio turnover causes the Fund to incur higher brokerage costs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may produce increased taxable distributions.

 

U.S. Agency Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government or agency obligations. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. Other investment companies, such as money market funds, in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in an Underlying Fund and may be higher than other funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each Underlying Fund is subject to its own specific risks.

 

Volatility Risk. The Fund may have investments that appreciate or decrease significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value per share to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time, however, all investments long- or short-term are subject to risk of loss.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.” 

 

Performance: The bar chart and accompanying table shown below provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the total return of its Institutional shares for each full calendar year, and by showing how its average annual returns compare over time with those of a broad measure of market performance. How the Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information and daily net asset value per share is available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

The Fund changed its sub-advisor and investment strategy effective December 5, 2017. Performance information for periods prior to December 5, 2017 does not reflect the Fund’s current investment strategy and the Fund was not managed by the Fund’s current Sub-Advisor prior to December 5, 2017.

 

13

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 12.07% (quarter ended September 30, 2017), and the lowest return for a quarter was (14.18)% (quarter ended December 31, 2014).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was (0.18)%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 3.94% 5.58% 1.46%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 3.04% 4.49% 0.06%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 2.96% 3.98% 0.51%
Class A Shares      
Return Before Taxes (1.26)% 4.39% 0.81%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 16.55%
  1 Year 5 Years Since Class C
Inception
(5/31/2016)
Class C Shares      
Return Before Taxes 2.94% 4.64% 5.15%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 18.02%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-advantaged accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Institutional shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

 

14

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (“Rational”) is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 

Sub-Advisor: Warrington Asset Management LLC is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: Scott C. Kimple, Principal and Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor; and Mark W. Adams, Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, serve as the Fund’s portfolio managers and are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Kimple is the Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Messrs. Kimple and Adams have each served as Portfolio Manager of the Fund since December 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Website for more information.

 

15

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL DYNAMIC BRANDS FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%) 0.35% 0.37% 0.33%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.10% 1.37% 2.08%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.

 

16

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $112 $350 $606 $1,340
Class A Shares $608 $888 $1,189 $2,043
Class C Shares – no redemption $211 $652 $1,119 $2,410

Class C Shares – with redemption $311 $652 $1,119 $2,410

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 225% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategy

 

The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in the stocks of companies with the 25 to 50 most attractive and leading brands, from a fundamental and technical perspective, contained in the Alpha Brands Consumer Spending Index (the “Index”). The Index tracks the performance of 200 highly recognizable and relevant U.S. and foreign brands with a business to consumer and business to business focus. Companies with a business to consumer focus primarily operate to create and sell products and/or services to the consumer on a direct basis or through intermediaries. Companies with a business to business focus generally create and sell products and/or services to other businesses, which are typically used to aid these businesses in serving their clients. The Fund’s strategy is based on the premise that consumption drives the U.S. economy with roughly 70% of U.S. GDP derived from household consumption, and that brand loyalty, demographics, and incomes typically drive consumption habits.

 

Brands are assets owned by a corporation that often represent products and services to an end user. Companies sell products and services under a unique product name or “brand” that has built an emotional connection with customers over time and with large amounts of advertising dollars. The leading brands have embedded themselves in our daily lives and often inspire trust, loyalty and respect.

 

The Index measures the performance of 180 U.S. listed companies and 20 non-U.S. listed companies selected from 70 sub-industries that are deemed by the index provider’s rules-based methodology to have a large number of companies focused directly or indirectly on the consumer and consumer/business products and services. The Index methodology is designed to track the leading companies by isolating those companies with the highest market cap, three-year total sales and three-year sales growth. By virtue of being at the top of these rankings, a company is deemed a “leading” company in its consumer-focused industry or its business to business focused industry. A company is excluded from the index if (i) it does not rank high enough to be eligible for inclusion based on the methodology described above at the time of initial calculation or in subsequent years’ reconstitutions; or (ii) it is acquired by another company where such acquired company’s shares cease trading on an exchange. The Index is equally weighted and is rebalanced and reconstituted annually in December. The Fund’s investment sub-advisor, Accuvest Global Advisors (the “Sub-Advisor”), is also the sponsor of the Index.

 

17

 

 

From the universe of securities in the Index, the Sub-Advisor selects the Fund’s portfolio based on its multi-step proprietary investment process. The Sub-Advisor uses fundamental and technical analysis to identify companies to include in the Fund’s portfolio. Fundamental analysis includes analyzing a company’s cash flow, sales, earnings per share, intangible assets, and similar statistics to identify companies that the Sub-Advisor believes have a competitive advantage over other companies. Technical analysis includes analyzing a company’s price movements over various time frames to identify the most attractive buy and sell levels, which helps identify the best time to buy or sell a particular security. The Fund may invest, directly or indirectly through investments in ETFs, in both U.S. and foreign companies included in the Index, including through American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), and companies domiciled in emerging markets. Although the Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization, it expects the market capitalization of the companies held in its portfolio to be $2 billion and above at the time of purchase. From time to time, the Fund may also invest in ETFs to gain exposure to particular consumer-focused and business to business focused industries. In times of economic turmoil or unusually high equity valuations where equity risk is deemed high, or other unfavorable conditions, the Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents, inverse equity ETFs and in asset classes that have historically been safe havens when equities were experiencing drawdowns, which are U.S. treasury securities, short-term bonds, and the U.S. dollar.

 

The process begins with the identification of the primary characteristics currently driving returns of S&P 500 companies. Examples of such characteristics include growth, value, size, momentum, strong balance sheet (i.e., high assets over liabilities, high total assets over total debt, high cash on balance sheet, low debt to equity ratio), profitability and dividend yield (a financial ratio that indicates how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price). Multiple baskets of companies included in the Index are then created based on these characteristics. Along with company fundamentals, the Sub-Advisor takes into account interest rate movements and U.S. dollar movements when analyzing stock and sector allocations. The investment process identifies important growth themes, employs single and multi-factor screens to identify those companies with the strongest fundamentals, and analyzes various technical and risk factors to select the companies with the most attractive current price. The Sub-Advisor, based on its fundamental and technical analysis, determines the appropriate weighting of the companies within the Fund’s portfolio. Allocations of the portfolio’s equity assets to cash, cash equivalents, inverse equity ETFs and in asset classes that have historically been safe havens when equities were experiencing drawdowns, which are U.S. treasury securities, short-term bonds, and the U.S. dollar are based on the Sub-Advisor’s proprietary risk dashboard, which monitors current equity market technical indicators (important moving averages and crosses of those averages), macroeconomic fundamental indicators (valuations, GDP growth, inflation trends), as well as interest rate and U.S. dollar movements. The Fund’s allocation of its assets to cash, cash equivalents, and protective ETFs may be significantly skewed towards cash and/or protective assets at times of high market stress.

 

The companies held by the Fund are sold when there is a change in fundamentals, the target price of the company is met, and/or the Sub-Advisor has identified better investment opportunities.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

ADR Risk. ADRs, which are typically issued by a bank, are certificates that evidence ownership of shares of a foreign company and are alternatives to purchasing foreign securities directly in their national markets and currencies. ADRs are subject to the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies and involve risks that are not found in investments in U.S. companies. ADRs may not track the price of the underlying foreign securities on which they are based, and their value may change materially at times when U.S. markets are not open for trading. Certain ADRs are not listed on an exchange and therefore may be considered to be illiquid.

 

18

 

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security will fail to pay principal and interest in a timely manner, reducing the Fund’s total return. There is a risk that issuers will not make payments on fixed income securities held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of fixed income securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The issuer of a fixed income security may also default on its obligations.

 

Emerging Market Risk. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Securities law and the enforcement of systems of taxation in many emerging market countries may change quickly and unpredictably, and the ability to bring and enforce actions, or to obtain information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited. Companies in emerging market countries generally may be subject to less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries. As a result, information, including financial information, about such companies may be less available and reliable, which can impede the Fund’s ability to evaluate such companies. Emerging markets usually are subject to greater market volatility, political, social and economic instability, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets and more governmental limitations on foreign investment than are more developed markets. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and security issuers may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market securities also tend to be less liquid and the prices of such securities tend to be more volatile than the securities of issuers located in developed markets. Investments in emerging markets securities may be subject to additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, unexpected market closures, and lack of timely information.

 

Equity Securities Risk. The price of equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and on market and economic conditions. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

ETF Risk. Like a mutual fund, the value of an ETF can fluctuate based on the prices of the securities owned by the ETF, and ETFs are also subject to the following additional risks: (i) the ETF’s market price may be less than its net asset value; (ii) an active market for the ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) market trading in the ETF may be halted under certain circumstances. Because the Fund may invest its assets in ETFs that have their own fees and expenses in addition to those charged directly by the Fund, the Fund may bear higher expenses than a Fund that invests directly in individual securities.

 

Fixed Income Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

19

 

 

Foreign Investment Risk. Investments in foreign securities tend to be more volatile and less liquid than investments in U.S. securities because, among other things, they involve risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, including economic sanctions, as well as risks resulting from differences between the regulations and reporting standards and practices to which U.S. and foreign issuers are subject. Investing in foreign securities includes trading related risks (e.g., government supervision and regulation of foreign securities and currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S., and foreign securities may be subject to foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls). All of the risks of investing in foreign securities are typically increased by investing in emerging market countries. Securities denominated in foreign currencies may be adversely affected by changes in currency rates and by substantial currency conversion costs.

 

Inverse ETF Risk. Investments in inverse ETFs will prevent the Fund from participating in market-wide or sector-wide gains and may not prove to be an effective hedge. During periods of increased volatility, inverse ETFs may not perform in the manner they are designed.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies and models employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments and asset allocations for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular stocks or other securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired result.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time.

 

Mid/Small Cap Stock Risk. Because the smaller companies in which the Fund may invest may have unproven track records, a limited product or service base and limited access to capital, they may be more likely to fail than larger companies.

 

Turnover Risk. The Fund may have a high turnover of the securities held in its portfolio. Increased portfolio turnover causes the Fund to incur higher brokerage costs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may produce increased taxable distributions.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. Other investment companies, including ETFs (“Underlying Funds”), in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory fees and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each of the Underlying Funds is subject to its own specific risks.

 

U.S. Agency Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government or agency obligations. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.” 

 

Performance: The bar chart and accompanying table shown below provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the total return of its Institutional shares for each full calendar year, and by showing how its average annual returns compare over time with those of a broad measure of market performance. How the Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information and daily net asset value per share is available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

The Fund changed its sub-advisor and investment strategy effective October 17, 2017. Performance information for periods prior to October 17, 2017 does not reflect the Fund’s current investment strategy and the Fund was not managed by the Fund’s current Sub-Advisor prior to October 17, 2017.

 

20

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 31.12% (quarter ended June 30, 2020), and the lowest return for a quarter was (13.76)% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was (13.69)%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 14.97% 19.63% 14.29%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 11.86% 16.48% 8.91%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 9.38% 14.57% 9.52%
Class A Shares      
Return Before Taxes 9.16% 18.18% 13.44%

S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

28.71% 18.47% 16.55%
  1 Year 5 Years Since Class C
Inception
(1/2/2014)
Class C Shares      
Return Before Taxes 13.85% 18.57% 10.69%

S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)

28.71% 18.47% 14.92%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-advantaged accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Institutional shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

 

21

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (“Rational”) is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 

Sub-Advisor: Accuvest Global Advisors is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: David Garff, President, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of the Sub-Advisor; Eric M. Clark, Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor; and James Calhoun, Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor serve as the Fund’s portfolio managers and are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. They have each served as Portfolio Manager of the Fund since October 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

22

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL STRATEGIC ALLOCATION FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek current income and moderate appreciation of capital.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%

Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%)

1.01%

1.12%

1.14%

Interest/Dividend Expense 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Remaining Other Expenses 1.00% 1.11% 1.13%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3) 1.10% 1.10% 1.10%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 2.21% 2.57% 3.34%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) (0.65)% (0.76)% (0.78)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) 1.56% 1.81% 2.56%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. AFFE includes the advisory fees paid to Rational Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”) and its affiliated advisors, and other fees paid to its affiliates by the investment companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates in which the Fund invests.
(4) Rational Advisors, Inc. has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses) to not more than 0.45%, 0.70% and 1.45% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

23

 

 

Example: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example shows the operating expenses you would incur as a shareholder if you invested $10,000 in the Fund over the time periods shown and you redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. The example assumes that the average annual return was 5%, operating expenses remained the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on the above assumptions, your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $159 $629 $1,125 $2,493
Class A Shares $650 $1,168 $1,711 $3,188
Class C Shares – no redemption $259 $955 $1,674 $3,578

Class C Shares – with redemption $359 $955 $1,674 $3,578

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 2% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategy

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a portfolio of futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index (the “Index”) (“Index Futures”) and in income-oriented securities. The Index measures the performance of the 500 largest publicly traded companies in the United States. The Fund’s investments in Index Futures are designed to provide a return (before fees and expenses) that approximates the performance of the Index. The Fund also invests in a portfolio of income-oriented mutual funds typically representing non-traditional fixed income asset classes (“Underlying Funds”) with the objective to: (1) provide current income; (2) provide additional return over the long term; and (3) support the goal of moderate capital appreciation by buffering the impact of downside equity market volatility. The Underlying Funds are also advised by the Advisor or an affiliate of the Advisor. Cash and cash equivalents held in the portfolio will serve as margin or collateral for the Fund’s futures investments.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund intends to invest in a portfolio of Underlying Funds, excluding cash and cash equivalents required for margin or collateral, while also maintaining notional exposure to the Index through its investments in futures contracts, which are intended to provide the Fund with economic exposure to U.S. equities in an amount up to the value of the Fund’s net assets. The term “notional exposure” refers to an investor’s exposure to the face value of an asset, whereas “economic exposure” refers to exposure to the market value of an asset. As a result, the Fund’s total investment exposure (direct investments in Underlying Funds plus notional exposure to the Index) will typically be equal to approximately 200% of the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund will maintain roughly 70% - 100% notional exposure to futures and roughly 70% - 100% notional exposure to underlying funds. The Fund could lose money on its investments in the Underlying Funds and through its exposure to the Index at the same time, potentially magnifying losses during periods of equity market sell-offs.

 

The Underlying Funds in which the Fund may invest typically focus on non-traditional fixed income asset classes such as agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage backed securities (“MBS”) (including hedged agency MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations); asset-backed securities (including collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)); corporate debt, convertible securities, and floating rate loans and other floating rate investments. The Fund may invest in Underlying Funds without any constraints as to the market capitalization, duration, maturity, country of domicile (including emerging market countries), or type of securities or investments held by the Underlying Funds. Certain of the Underlying Funds may hold, without limit, debt securities of any credit quality including below investment grade debt securities (also known as “junk” bonds).

 

The Advisor has broad discretion in the purchase of Underlying Funds for the Fund’s portfolio. The Advisor selects Underlying Funds based on a fundamental research process.

 

24

 

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment. For purposes of the discussion below, “Fund” means Fund and/or one or more of the underlying funds in which the Fund invests.

 

Advisor’s Potential Conflict Risk. Because the Advisor or an affiliate is primarily responsible for managing both the Fund and the Underlying Funds, the Advisor is subject to conflicts of interest with respect to how it allocates the Fund’s assets among the Underlying Funds. The Advisor may have an incentive to allocate the Fund’s assets to those Affiliated Funds for which the net advisory fees payable to the Advisor are higher than the fees payable by other Affiliated Funds.

 

Allocation Risk. Because the Fund allocates its assets among several Underlying Funds, the Fund has less flexibility in its investment strategy than other funds which may invest their assets without restrictions.

 

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements provided to support the securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. Asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the risk that a borrower’s payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans. Asset-backed securities are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that a rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments, causing the price of the asset-backed securities and the Fund’s share price to fall.

 

Call Risk. Issuers of securities may redeem the securities prior to maturity at a price below their current market value.

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

CDOs and CLOs Risk. Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are securities backed by an underlying portfolio of debt and loan obligations, respectively. CDOs and CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease of market value due to collateral defaults and removal of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults and investor aversion to CDO and CLO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CDOs and CLOs depend largely on the tranche held by a Fund and the types of underlying debts and loans in such tranche of the CDO or CLO, respectively. The risks of CDOs and CLOs will be greater if an Underlying Fund invests in CDOs and CLOs that hold debt or loans of uncreditworthy borrowers or if the Fund holds subordinate tranches of the CDO or CLO that absorb losses from the defaults before senior tranches. CDOs and CLOs are also subject to additional risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk.

 

25

 

 

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to fixed income security risks and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible securities are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible securities may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible bond is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company’s common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. When a convertible security’s value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stock’s price.

 

The prices of some convertible securities, such as convertible preferred stock, tend to move more slowly upwards than common stock prices. In an issuer bankruptcy, preferred stock holders are subordinate to the claims of debtholders and may receive little or no recovery.

 

Synthetic convertible securities are derivative debt securities and are subject to the creditworthiness of the counterparty of the synthetic security. The value of a synthetic convertible securities may decline substantially if the counterparty’s creditworthiness deteriorates. The value of a synthetic convertible security may also respond differently to market fluctuations than a convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value.

 

Counterparty Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if an issuer’s securities experience a credit downgrade; an issuer or guarantor of an investment held by the Fund fails to pay an obligation on a timely basis, otherwise defaults or is perceived by other investors to be less creditworthy; or a counterparty to a derivatives or other transaction with the Fund files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to honor its obligation to the Fund.

 

Credit Risk. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may have their credit ratings downgraded or may default in the payment of principal or interest on the securities, which would cause the Fund to lose money.

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio managers’ ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

26

 

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

Duration Risk. Longer-term securities may be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Given the recent, historically low interest rates and the potential for increases in those rates, a heightened risk is posed by rising interest rates to longer-term fixed income securities. Effective duration estimates price changes for relatively small changes in rates. If rates rise significantly, effective duration may tend to understate the drop in a security’s price. If rates drop significantly, effective duration may tend to overstate the rise in a security’s price. Duration should not be confused with maturity. The maturity of a fixed income security is a measure of the amount of time left until the security “matures” or repays its face value. In contrast, duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates rather than the amount of time remaining to maturity. Longer duration tends to result in greater volatility and a greater sensitivity to interest rate changes. For example, a five-year duration means that the fixed income security will decrease in value by 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 5% if interest rates fall 1%.

 

Emerging Market Risk. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Securities law and the enforcement of systems of taxation in many emerging market countries may change quickly and unpredictably, and the ability to bring and enforce actions, or to obtain information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited. Companies in emerging market countries generally may be subject to less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries. As a result, information, including financial information, about such companies may be less available and reliable, which can impede the Fund’s ability to evaluate such companies. Emerging markets usually are subject to greater market volatility, political, social and economic instability, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets and more governmental limitations on foreign investment than are more developed markets. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and security issuers may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market securities also tend to be less liquid and the prices of such securities tend to be more volatile than the securities of issuers located in developed markets. Investments in emerging markets securities may be subject to additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, unexpected market closures, and lack of timely information.

 

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, anticipated prepayments may occur at a slower-than expected rate, thus effectively extending the maturity of mortgage-backed securities. Prices of longer-term securities generally fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than prices of shorter-term securities.

 

Fixed Income Risk. The value of fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

27

 

 

Floating Rate Loans Risk. A Fund may invest in floating rate loans that are senior in the capital structure of the borrower or issuer, and that are secured with specific collateral. Loans that are senior and secured generally involve less risk than unsecured or subordinated debt and equity instruments of the same borrower because the payment of principal and interest on senior loans is an obligation of the borrower that, in most instances, takes precedence over the payment of dividends or the return of capital to the borrower’s shareholders, and payments to bond holders; and because of the collateral supporting the repayment of the debt instrument. However, the value of the collateral may not equal a Fund’s investment when the debt instrument is acquired or may decline below the principal amount of the debt instrument subsequent to the Fund’s investment. Also, to the extent that collateral consists of stocks of the borrower, or its subsidiaries or affiliates, a Fund bears the risk that the stocks may decline in value, be relatively illiquid, or may lose all or substantially all of their value, causing the Fund’s investment to be under-collateralized. Therefore, the liquidation of the collateral underlying a floating rate loan in which a Fund has invested, may not satisfy the borrower’s obligation to the Fund in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal, and the collateral may not be able to be readily liquidated.

 

In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower or issuer, a Fund could experience delays and limitations on its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing the Fund’s investment. Among the risks involved in a bankruptcy are assertions that the pledge of collateral to secure a loan constitutes a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that would have the effect of nullifying or subordinating a Fund’s rights to the collateral.

 

Floating rate loans are also subject to interest rate risk arising from changes in short-term market interest rates. If short-term market interest rates fall, the yield on a Fund’s shares will also fall. Conversely, when short-term market interest rates rise, because of the lag between changes in such short-term rates and the resetting of the floating rates on the floating rate debt in a Fund’s portfolio, the impact of rising rates will be delayed to the extent of such lag. The impact of market interest rate changes on a Fund’s yield will also be affected by whether, and the extent to which, the floating rate debt in the Fund’s portfolio is subject to floors on the LIBOR base rate on which interest is calculated for such loans (a “LIBOR floor”). So long as the base rate for a loan remains under the LIBOR floor, changes in short-term interest rates will not affect the yield on such loans. In addition, to the extent that the interest rate spreads on floating rate debt in a Fund’s portfolio experience a general decline, the yield on the Fund’s shares will fall and the value of the Fund’s assets may decrease, which will cause the Fund’s net asset value to decrease.

 

On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease sustaining LIBOR after 2021. Although many LIBOR rates were phased out at the end of 2021 as originally intended, a selection of widely used USD LIBOR rates will continue to be published until June 2023 in order to assist with the transition. There remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the Fund’s investments that use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR cannot yet be determined.

 

The floating rate debt in which a Fund invests may be generally rated lower than investment-grade credit quality, i.e., rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or “BBB-” by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or have been made to borrowers who have issued debt securities that are rated lower than investment-grade in quality or, if unrated, would be rated lower than investment-grade credit quality. Investment decisions for a Fund will be based largely on the credit analysis performed by the Advisor, and not entirely on rating agency evaluation. This analysis may be difficult to perform. Information about a loan and its borrower generally is not in the public domain. Many borrowers have not issued securities to the public and are not subject to reporting requirements under federal securities laws. Generally, however, borrowers are required to provide financial information to lenders and information may be available from other loan market participants or agents that originate or administer loans. Certain bank loans may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as a Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the protections of federal securities laws, including antifraud provisions.

 

28

 

 

Foreign Investment Risk. Investments in foreign securities tend to be more volatile and less liquid than investments in U.S. securities because, among other things, they involve risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, including economic sanctions, as well as risks resulting from differences between the regulations and reporting standards and practices to which U.S. and foreign issuers are subject. Investing in foreign securities includes trading related risks (e.g., government supervision and regulation of foreign securities and currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S., and foreign securities may be subject to foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls). All of the risks of investing in foreign securities are typically increased by investing in emerging market countries. Securities denominated in foreign currencies may be adversely affected by changes in currency rates and by substantial currency conversion costs.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that bond prices overall, including the prices of securities held by the Fund, will decline over short or long periods of time due to rising interest rates. Bonds with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rates than bonds with shorter maturities. The maturity and effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve or maintain any particular target maturity or effective duration of its investment portfolio.

 

Junk Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price.

 

Leverage Risk. Using leverage can magnify the Fund’s potential for gain or loss and; therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. Liquid securities can become illiquid due to political, economic or issuer specific events; supply/demand imbalances; changes in a specific market’s size or structure, including the number of participants; or overall market disruptions.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies and models employed by the Advisor in selecting investments and asset allocations for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular stocks or other securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired result.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities represent participating interests in pools of residential mortgage loans, some of which mortgage loans are guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. These guarantees are made at the “loan level” and relate only to the payment of principal and interest on the underlying mortgage loans. These loan level governmental guarantees do not cover the payment of principal and interest on, or fluctuations in the market values of, the related mortgage-backed securities, and do not apply to investors’ purchase of shares of the Fund.

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by governmental agencies or instrumentalities such as Ginnie Mae, or government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are generally known as “agency mortgage-backed securities.” Agency mortgage-backed securities are backed by mortgage loans that satisfy the underwriting and other criteria published by the applicable governmental entity. The payment of interest and principal on these mortgage-backed securities is generally guaranteed by the applicable governmental entity.

 

29

 

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers are also known as “non-agency” mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are not subject to the same stringent underwriting requirements as agency mortgage-backed securities and, therefore, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-backed securities may have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics, and wider variances in interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. The market for non-agency mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for agency mortgage-backed securities.

 

Mortgage-backed securities do not have a fixed maturity and their expected maturities may vary as interest rates rise or fall. An increased rate of prepayments on the Underlying Fund’s mortgage-backed securities will result in an unforeseen loss of interest income to the Fund as the Fund may be required to reinvest assets at a lower interest rate. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security. The prices of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than prices of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise. The liquidity of mortgage-backed securities may change over time.

 

Mortgage-backed securities may be backed by mortgage loans across the spectrum of credit quality. Lower credit quality mortgage loans, such as those considered “subprime,” are more likely to default than those considered “prime” by a rating agency or service provider. Mortgage-backed securities supported by subprime mortgage loans generally carry a higher risk of loss and are potentially less liquid than mortgage-backed securities supported by prime mortgage loans, as an economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for subprime mortgage loans and thereby reduce the Underlying Fund’s ability to sell securities backed by such loans. Additionally, subprime loan borrowers may seek bankruptcy protection which would delay resolution of security holder claims and may eliminate or materially reduce liquidity.

 

Prepayment Risk. The Fund may invest in debt securities that may be paid off early when the issuer of a debt security can repay the principal prior to a security’s maturity. If interest rates are falling, the Fund may have to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. The Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.” 

 

Performance: The bar chart and accompanying table shown below provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the total return of its Class A shares for each full calendar year, and by showing how its average annual returns compare over time with those of a broad based market index. How the Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information and daily net asset value per share is available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

The Fund changed its investment strategy effective December 13, 2019. Performance information for periods prior to December 13, 2019, does not reflect the Fund’s current investment strategy.

 

30

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower.

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 14.99% (quarter ended December 31, 2020), and the lowest return for a quarter was (23.07)% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was (6.22)%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Class A Shares      
Return Before Taxes 27.20% 8.38% 7.04%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 21.33% 5.79% 4.54%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 17.47% 5.55% 4.72%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 16.55%
  1 Year 5 Years Since Share Class
Inception
(5/31/2016)
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 33.94% 9.71% 9.62%
Class C Shares      
Return Before Taxes 32.60% 8.62% 8.54%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 18.02%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-advantaged accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Class A shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

 

31

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (“Rational”) is the Fund’s investment advisor (the “Advisor”).

 

Portfolio Manager: David Miller, Chief Investment Officer (“CIO”) and Senior Portfolio Manager of the Advisor, serves as the Fund’s portfolio manager and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Miller has served as a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since May 2016.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

32

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL/RESOLVE ADAPTIVE ASSET ALLOCATION FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 5.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 1.75% 1.75% 1.75%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees 0.00% 0.25% 1.00%

Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%)

0.42%

0.36%

0.43%

Interest/Dividend Expense 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Remaining Other Expenses 0.41% 0.35% 0.42%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3) 0.09% 0.09% 0.09%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 2.26% 2.45% 3.27%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) (0.19)% (0.13)% (0.20)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) 2.07% 2.32% 3.07%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
(4) The Fund’s investment advisor, Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”) has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses) to not more than 1.97%, 2.22%, 2.97%, of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

33

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem (or your hold, as applicable) all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, operating expenses remain the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Year 5 Year 10 Year
Institutional Shares $210 $688 $1,193 $2,580
Class A Shares $797 $1,283 $1,794 $3,192
Class C Shares – no redemption $310 $988 $1,690 $3,554

Class C Shares – with redemption $410 $988 $1,690 $3,554

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 0% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund provides exposure to major global asset classes including equity indexes, fixed income indexes, interest rates, commodities and currencies. The Fund gains exposure to these asset classes by investing directly or indirectly through its Subsidiary (as described below) in futures contracts. Investments by the Fund may be made in domestic and foreign markets, including emerging markets. The Fund will also hold a large portion of its assets in cash, money market mutual funds, U.S. Treasury Securities, and other cash equivalents, some or all of which will serve as margin or collateral for the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s strategy aims to achieve capital appreciation over the long-term.

 

The Fund’s trading advisor, ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (the “Trading Advisor”), uses a proprietary methodology to create a portfolio of securities with exposures to a number of characteristics such as, but not limited to: total-return momentum, trends, seasonal patterns, carry measures, mean reversion and others, while simultaneously maximizing diversification based on changing estimates of volatility and correlations across global asset classes. The Fund will take long or short positions in asset classes such as equity index and fixed income asset classes, commodities, currencies, volatility indexes and other alternative asset classes. A premise of the Trading Advisor’s methodology is that return, volatility and correlation are more effectively estimated by observing past returns over horizons of one year or less, rather than using long-term averages. As a result, Fund holdings and weights are regularly adjusted in response to material changes in world markets.

 

The Trading Advisor’s investment models determine asset allocations based on multi-factor quantitative market information and account for the opportunity to reduce portfolio volatility through diversification. The investment models analyze these factors over a broad time spectrum which may range from several days to multiple years. The Trading Advisor analyzes a number of additional factors in determining how the asset classes are allocated in the portfolio including, but not limited to: intermediate-term profitability of an asset class or market, liquidity of a particular market, desired diversification among markets and asset classes, transaction costs, exchange regulations and depth of market. The allocations are reviewed daily, although changes may occur less frequently.

 

Target Volatility: The Fund is actively managed to target a 12% annualized volatility, although there is no guarantee that the objective can be met in all market conditions. Volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of changes in the Fund’s returns without regard to the direction of the returns. The Fund’s actual volatility level for longer or shorter periods may be materially higher or lower than the target level depending on market conditions, and therefore the Fund’s risk exposure may be materially higher or lower than the level targeted by the Trading Advisor’s investment models. As portfolio weights, and estimates of volatility and correlations change through time, the Fund’s gross exposure to underlying assets will be increased and decreased in order to maintain its target level of portfolio volatility. During periods of extremely high volatility and high correlations the Fund may have lower exposure to underlying assets to maintain the target level of portfolio volatility. Conversely, during periods of low volatility and low correlations the Fund may require greater exposure to underlying assets to maintain its target level of portfolio volatility.

 

34

 

 

There is no guarantee that the Fund will successfully achieve or maintain the target volatility level. The Fund’s target volatility level is not a total return performance target – the Fund does not expect, nor does it represent, that its total return performance will be within any specified range. It is possible that the Fund could achieve its target volatility level while having negative performance returns. Also, efforts to achieve and maintain a target volatility level can be expected to limit the Fund’s gains in rising markets, may expose the Fund to costs to which it would otherwise not have been exposed and, if unsuccessful, may result in substantial losses.

 

Investments in Subsidiary – The Advisor executes a portion of the Fund’s strategy by investing up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly owned and controlled subsidiary (the “Subsidiary”). The Subsidiary invests the majority of its assets in commodities and other futures contracts. The Subsidiary is subject to the same investment restrictions as the Fund, when viewed on a consolidated basis. The Subsidiary is RDMF Fund Limited, a Cayman Islands company. The Subsidiary is advised by the Fund’s Advisor, sub-advised by ReSolve Asset Management Inc., the Fund’s sub-advisor, and advised by the Fund’s Trading Advisor.

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio investments, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Commodity Risk. Investing in the commodities markets (directly or indirectly) may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodity prices may be influenced by unfavorable weather, animal and plant disease, geologic and environmental factors as well as changes in government regulation such as tariffs, embargoes or burdensome production rules and restrictions.

 

Commodity Tax Risk. The tax treatment of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be adversely affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from certain commodity-linked derivatives was treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a regulated investment company and be subject to federal income tax at the Fund level. The Fund intends to invest in commodity-linked notes indirectly through the Subsidiary. Should the Internal Revenue Service issue further guidance, or Congress enact legislation, that adversely affects the tax treatment of the Fund’s use of commodity-linked notes or the Subsidiary (which guidance might be applied to the Fund retroactively), it could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy.

 

Counterparty Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if an issuer’s securities experience a credit downgrade; an issuer or guarantor of an investment held by the Fund fails to pay an obligation on a timely basis, otherwise defaults or is perceived by other investors to be less creditworthy; or a counterparty to a derivatives or other transaction with the Fund files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to honor its obligation to the Fund.

 

35

 

 

Currency Risk. Currency trading risks, including through futures contracts, include market risk, credit risk and country risk. Market risk results from adverse changes in exchange rates in the currencies the Fund is long or short. Credit risk results because a currency-trade counterparty may default. Country risk arises because a government may interfere with transactions in its currency.

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio managers’ ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Trading Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

Emerging Market Risk. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Securities law and the enforcement of systems of taxation in many emerging market countries may change quickly and unpredictably, and the ability to bring and enforce actions, or to obtain information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited. Companies in emerging market countries generally may be subject to less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries. As a result, information, including financial information, about such companies may be less available and reliable, which can impede the Fund’s ability to evaluate such companies. Emerging markets usually are subject to greater market volatility, political, social and economic instability, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets and more governmental limitations on foreign investment than are more developed markets. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and security issuers may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market securities also tend to be less liquid and the prices of such securities tend to be more volatile than the securities of issuers located in developed markets. Investments in emerging markets securities may be subject to additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, unexpected market closures, and lack of timely information.

 

36

 

 

Equity Securities Risk. The price of equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and on market and economic conditions. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

Fixed Income Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities, whether held directly or through futures contracts, will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Foreign Exchanges Risk. A portion of the derivatives trades made by the Fund may take place on foreign markets. Neither existing CFTC regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. Some of these foreign markets, in contrast to U.S. exchanges, are so-called principals’ markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a commodity interest transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. In these kinds of markets, there is risk of bankruptcy or other failure or refusal to perform by the counterparty.

 

Foreign Investment Risk. Investments in foreign securities tend to be more volatile and less liquid than investments in U.S. securities because, among other things, they involve risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, including economic sanctions, as well as risks resulting from differences between the regulations and reporting standards and practices to which U.S. and foreign issuers are subject. Investing in foreign securities includes trading related risks (e.g., government supervision and regulation of foreign securities and currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S., and foreign securities may be subject to foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls). All of the risks of investing in foreign securities are typically increased by investing in emerging market countries. Securities denominated in foreign currencies may be adversely affected by changes in currency rates and by substantial currency conversion costs.

 

Index Risk. If the derivative, such as a futures contract, in which the Fund invests is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index.

 

Leverage Risk. Derivatives, such as a futures contract, and other transactions that give rise to leverage may cause the Fund’s performance to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. Leveraging also may require that the Fund liquidate portfolio securities when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations. Leveraging may expose the Fund to losses in excess of the amounts invested or borrowed.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies and models employed by the Trading Advisor in selecting investments and asset allocations for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Trading Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular investments may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Trading Advisor’s determinations will produce the desired result.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

37

 

 

Model and Data Risk. Like all quantitative analysis, the investment models utilized by the Sub-Advisor and the Trading Advisor carry the risk that the ranking system, valuation results and predictions might be based on one or more incorrect assumptions, insufficient historical data, inadequate design, or may not be suitable for the purpose intended. In addition, models may not perform as intended for many reasons including errors, omissions, imperfections or malfunctions. Because the use of models is usually based on data supplied by third parties, the success of the Sub-Advisor’s or the Trading Advisor’s use of such models is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied data. Historical data inputs may be subject to revision or corrections, which may diminish data reliability and quality of predictive results. Changing and unforeseen market dynamics could also lead to a decrease in the short-term or long-term effectiveness of a model. Models may lose their predictive validity and incorrectly forecast future market behavior and asset prices, leading to potential losses. No assurance can be given that a model will be successful under all or any market conditions.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in the laws or regulations of the United States, Cayman Islands, or other countries, including any changes to applicable tax laws and regulations, could impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective and could increase the operating expenses of the Fund. The Fund and the Subsidiary are “commodity pools” under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, and the Advisor is a “commodity pool operator” registered with and regulated by the CFTC. As a result, additional CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations will apply with respect to the Fund. Compliance with new regulatory requirements could increase the Fund’s expenses.

 

Security Risk. The value of the Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of an individual security in the Fund’s portfolio, whether held directly or through futures contracts.

 

Short Position Risk. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short position, in securities or futures, if the price of the short position instrument increases in value between the date of the short position sale and the date on which an offsetting position is purchased. Losses due to short sales are potentially unlimited. Short positions may be considered speculative transactions and involve special risks, including greater reliance on the Trading Advisor’s ability to accurately anticipate the future value of a security or instrument.

 

Target Volatility Strategy Risk. The Trading Advisor’s target volatility management strategy may not protect against declines, may tend to limit gains in up markets, may tend to increase transaction costs which may lead to losses or reduced gains and may not be successful as a short-term strategy as it is subject to the Trading Advisor’s ability to assess volatility conditions and the ability of the Sub-Advisor to execute related investment management techniques.

 

Turnover Risk. The Fund may have a high turnover of the securities held in its portfolio. Increased portfolio turnover causes the Fund to incur higher brokerage costs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may produce increased taxable distributions.

 

U.S. Agency Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government or agency obligations. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

Volatility Risk. The Fund may have investments that appreciate or decrease significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value per share to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time, however, all investments long- or short-term are subject to risk of loss.

 

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the commodities risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments in commodity-related instruments. There can be no assurance that the Subsidiary’s investments will contribute to the Fund’s returns. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund, such as by reducing the Fund’s investment returns.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.”

 

38

 

 

Performance: The Fund acquired all of the assets and liabilities of Chesapeake Fund, LLC (the “Predecessor Fund”) in a tax-free reorganization on September 30, 2016 (the “Reorganization”). In connection with the Reorganization, shares of the Predecessor Fund were exchanged for Institutional shares of the Fund. At the time of the reorganization, the Predecessor Fund had an investment objective and strategies that were, in all material respects, the same as those of the Fund, and was managed in a manner that, in all material respects, complied with the investment guidelines and restrictions of the Fund. However, the Predecessor Fund was not registered under the 1940 Act and, therefore, was not subject to certain investment restrictions, limitations and diversification requirements that are imposed by the 1940 Act or Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which, if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected the Predecessor Fund’s performance. Effective February 27, 2018, the Fund’s investment strategy changed and ReSolve Asset Management Inc., the Fund’s current sub-advisor, replaced the prior sub-advisor. Consequently, prior performance does not reflect the Fund’s current operations. The Fund’s prior sub-advisor was the investment advisor to the Predecessor Fund since the Predecessor Fund’s inception.

 

The bar chart and performance table below show the variability of the Fund’s returns, which is some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Predecessor Fund and the Fund’s Institutional shares for the last 10 calendar years. The performance table compares the performance of the Fund’s shares over time to the performance of a broad-based market index and an index reflecting the performance of commodity trading advisors.

 

The Fund’s performance provided below for the Fund’s Institutional shares prior to September 30, 2016 (for periods prior to the commencement of the Fund’s operations) is that of the Predecessor Fund, which includes all of the Predecessor Fund’s actual fees and expenses over various periods. The performance of the Predecessor Fund has not been restated to reflect the fees, expenses and fee waivers and/or expense limitations applicable to Institutional shares of the Fund. If the performance of the Predecessor Fund had been restated to reflect the applicable fees and expenses of the Fund, the performance of the Fund’s Institutional shares may have been lower.

 

You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

 

The Predecessor Fund was organized as a limited partnership, did not qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, and did not pay dividends and distributions. As a result of its different tax treatment, the Fund is unable to show after-tax returns for periods that commenced prior to September 30, 2016.

 

The Fund changed its sub-advisor and investment strategy effective February 27, 2018. Performance information for periods prior to February 27, 2018 does not reflect the Fund’s current investment strategy and the Fund was not managed by the Fund’s current Sub-Advisor prior to February 27, 2018.

 

Updated performance information and daily net asset value per share is available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

39

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 18.82% (quarter ended December 31, 2013), and the lowest return for a quarter was (9.44)% (quarter ended December 31, 2018).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was 6.96%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years1 10 Years1
Institutional Shares      
Return Before Taxes 11.28% 4.91% 4.24%
Return After Taxes on Distributions2 4.86% 2.64% N/A
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares2 6.66% 2.95% N/A
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 16.55%
Barclay CTA Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 5.21% 2.61% 1.44%
  1 Year 5 Years Since Inception of
Class A and Class C
(9/30/2016)
Class A Shares      
Return Before Taxes 4.61% 3.42% 2.69%
Class C Shares      
Return Before Taxes 10.18% 3.88% 5.11%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 18.47% 18.36%
Barclay CTA Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 5.21% 2.61% 2.27%

 

1 Includes the effect of performance fees paid by the investors of the Predecessor Fund.
2 After Tax Returns, if any, are shown for periods beginning after September 30, 2016. As a result of the different tax treatment of the Predecessor Fund, we are unable to show the after-tax returns for periods that commenced prior to September 30, 2016. The Predecessor Fund did not have a distribution policy.

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on a shareholder’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant for shareholders who hold Fund shares in tax-advantaged accounts or to shares held by non-taxable entities. After-tax returns are only shown for Institutional shares. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

 

40

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. is the Fund’s investment advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor: ReSolve Asset Management Inc. is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Trading Advisor: ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) is the Fund’s trading advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: Andrew Butler, Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor; Michael Philbrick, CEO of the Trading Advisor; Adam Butler, Chief Investment Officer of the Trading Advisor; and Rodrigo Gordillo, President of the Trading Advisor, are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Andrew Butler has served in this capacity since April 2021. Mr. Philbrick has served the Fund in this capacity since April 2021 and previously served as a portfolio manager of the Fund from February 2018 to April 2020. Adam Butler and Mr. Gordillo have served the Fund in this capacity since February 2018.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the Transfer Agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

41

 

 

FUND SUMMARY – RATIONAL/PIER 88 CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of the original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 0.85% 0.85% 0.85%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%) 0.32% 0.25% 0.25%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.17% 1.35% 2.10%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(3) (0.18)% (0.11)% (0.11)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(3) 0.99% 1.24% 1.99%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) The Fund’s investment advisor, Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”), has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses) to not more than 0.99%, 1.24% and 1.99% of the daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

42

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem (or you hold, as applicable) all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, operating expenses remain the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $101 $354 $626 $1,404
Class A Shares $595 $872 $1,169 $2,013
Class C Shares – no redemption $202 $647 $1,119 $2,422

Class C Shares – with redemption $302 $647 $1,119 $2,422

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 130% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies:

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in convertible securities. Convertible securities are “hybrid” securities that possess both fixed income and equity characteristics. A convertible security is a bond, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into a prescribed amount of common stock at a pre-stated price. Convertible securities may include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, or warrants. By investing in convertible securities, the Fund seeks the opportunity to participate in the capital appreciation of underlying stocks, while at the same time relying on a fixed income aspect of the convertible security to provide current income and reduced price volatility, which can limit the risk of loss in a down equity market.

 

The Fund will generally invest primarily in investment-grade instruments. The Fund may also invest opportunistically in non-rated securities that are considered by the Fund’s portfolio managers to be equivalent to investment-grade securities, which at times may represent a significant share of the Fund’s overall portfolio. The Fund may invest in U.S. companies of any market capitalization without limit; however, the Fund expects to invest primarily in large capitalization companies. The Fund may invest across sectors, and at times might have individual positions that in the aggregate result in significant exposures to specific sectors, such as the information technology sector. While there are no restrictions on maturity, under normal market conditions, the Fund’s portfolio is generally expected to have a dollar-weighted average maturity of less than five years. The Fund may invest in securities of any duration (i.e., the sensitivity of a fixed income security’s price to interest rate changes) without limit.

 

The Fund’s investment sub-advisor, Pier 88 Investment Partners, LLC (the “Sub-Advisor”), will structure the Fund’s portfolio based on its macroeconomic views and will seek to take advantage of perceived secular (longer term) and cyclical themes across all industry sectors. The Sub-Advisor approaches investment decisions primarily from an equity analysis perspective given that historically equity sensitivity has been the primary driver of returns of the convertible securities asset class. The Sub-Advisor establishes a view on the intrinsic value of a company and then examines the overall capital structure of that company to identify potential mis-pricings. The selection process focuses on individual securities as part of a broader secular or cyclical theme, where the Sub-Advisor believes that the risk-adjusted probability of upside appreciation outweighs potential downside. The Sub-Advisor will value securities using a fundamental top-down research approach, which will include scenario analysis to identify potential pricing inefficiencies as well as various risk management techniques to enhance overall portfolio construction. The Sub-Advisor seeks to build the Fund’s portfolio through exposure to companies across industry sectors and will target yields competitive with the overall convertible bond asset class.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the“1940 Act”), which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

43

 

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund:

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to fixed income security risks and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible securities are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible securities may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible security is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company’s common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. When a convertible security’s value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stock’s price.

 

The prices of some convertible securities, such as convertible preferred stock, tend to move more slowly upwards than common stock prices. In an issuer bankruptcy, preferred stock holders are subordinate to the claims of debtholders and may receive little or no recovery.

 

Equity Securities Risk. The price of common stock in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and on market and economic conditions. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk. The value of the Fund’s fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the risk that the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the risk that the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that bond prices overall, including the prices of securities held by the Fund, will decline over short or long periods of time due to rising interest rates. Bonds with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rates than bonds with shorter maturities. The maturity and effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve or maintain any particular target maturity or effective duration of its investment portfolio.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security will fail to pay principal and interest in a timely manner, reducing the Fund’s total return. In addition, the credit quality of fixed income securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The issuer of a fixed income security may also default on its obligations. Credit risk may be substantial for the Fund.

 

44

 

 

Income Risk. The Fund’s distributions to shareholders may decline when prevailing interest rates fall, when the Fund experiences defaults on debt securities it holds, or when the Fund realizes a loss upon the sale of a debt security.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

Large Capitalization Company Risk. Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

 

Security Risk. The value of the Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of an individual security in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Prepayment Risk. The Fund may invest in debt securities that may be paid off early when the issuer of a debt security can repay the principal prior to a security’s maturity. If interest rates are falling, the Fund may have to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income.

 

Small and Medium Capitalization Companies. The earnings and prospects of small and medium sized companies are more volatile than larger companies and may experience higher failure rates than larger companies. Small and medium sized companies normally have a lower trading volume than larger companies, which may tend to make their market price fall more disproportionately than larger companies in response to selling pressures and may have limited markets, product lines, or financial resources and lack management experience.

 

Sector Risk. The Fund may focus its investments in securities of a particular sector. Economic, legislative or regulatory developments may occur that significantly affect the sector. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value to fluctuate more than that of a fund that does not focus in a particular sector.

 

The Fund is subject to the following specific sector risk:

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. Information technology companies face intense competition and may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face obsolescence. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. To the extent that the Fund holds securities of a smaller number of issuers or invests a larger percentage of its assets in a single issuer than would a diversified portfolio, the value of the Fund, as compared to the value of a diversified portfolio, will generally be more volatile and more sensitive to the performance of any one of those issuers and to economic, political, market or regulatory events affecting any one of those issuers.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies and models employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential return of the securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired results.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.” 

 

45

 

 

Performance: The Fund commenced operations by acquiring all of the assets and liabilities of Lake Como Convertible Bond Fund, L.P. (the “Predecessor Fund”) in a tax-free reorganization on December 6, 2019 (the “Reorganization”). In connection with the Reorganization, investors in the Predecessor Fund received Institutional shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investment objective, policies, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Predecessor Fund. However, the Predecessor Fund was not registered under the 1940 Act and, therefore, was not subject to certain investment restrictions, limitations and diversification requirements that are imposed by the 1940 Act or Subchapter M of the Code that, if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected the Predecessor Fund’s performance. The Fund’s Sub-Advisor was the investment adviser to the Predecessor Fund.

 

The Fund commenced operations on December 6, 2019. The performance shown below prior to December 6, 2019 is that of the Predecessor Fund, which reflects all of the Predecessor Fund’s actual fees and expenses (i.e., the Predecessor Fund’s annual management fees and operating expenses before any fee waivers and/or expense limitation), as adjusted to include any applicable sales loads and distribution (12b-1) fees of each class of shares of the Fund. The performance of the Predecessor Fund has not been restated to include the other fees, estimated expenses and fee waivers and/or expense limitations applicable to each class of shares of the Fund. The Fund’s fees and expenses are expected to be higher than those of the Predecessor Fund, so if the Fund’s expenses were applied to the Predecessor Fund’s performance, the performance would have been lower.

 

The bar chart and performance table below show the variability of the Fund’s returns, which is some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Predecessor Fund and the Fund’s Institutional shares for each full calendar year since the Predecessor Fund’s inception. The performance table compares the Predecessor Fund and the Fund’s performance over time to the performance of a broad-based securities market index as well as two style-specific indices that are representative of the U.S. convertible securities market.

 

You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

 

The Predecessor Fund was organized as a limited partnership, did not qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, and did not pay dividends and distributions. As a result of its different tax treatment, the Fund is unable to show after-tax returns for periods that commenced prior to December 6, 2019.

 

46

 

 

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 17.23% (quarter ended June 30, 2020), and the lowest return for a quarter was (13.27)% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was (2.17)%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(For periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year Since Predecessor
Fund Inception
(3/1/2017)
Institutional Shares1    
Return Before Taxes 10.21% 11.38%
Return After Taxes on Distributions2 7.71% N/A
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares2
6.75%
N/A
Class A Shares1,3    
Return Before Taxes 4.77% 10.03%
Class C Shares1    
Return Before Taxes 9.11% 10.34%
S&P 500 Total Return Index® (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 28.71% 17.41%
Bloomberg US Convertible TR Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 4.32% 16.52%
ICE BofA Investment Grade US Convertible 5% Constrained Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 12.49% 11.73%

 

1. Includes the effect of performance fees paid by the investors of the Predecessor Fund.
2. As a result of the different tax treatment of the Predecessor Fund, the Fund is unable to show after-tax returns for periods that commenced prior to December 6, 2019.
3. Includes the effect of the maximum sales load.

 

47

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”) is the Fund’s investment advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor: Pier 88 Investment Partners, LLC is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: Francis T. Timons, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Sub-Advisor; and Sean J. Aurigemma, a Partner, Chief Compliance Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, are primarily responsible for the management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Timons is the Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Messrs. Timons and Aurigemma have served the Fund as portfolio managers since its inception in December 2019. Mr. Timons managed the Predecessor Fund since its inception in 2017 and Mr. Aurigemma managed the Predecessor Fund since 2018.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the transfer agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

48

 

 

FUND SUMMARY - RATIONAL SPECIAL SITUATIONS INCOME FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 4.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of the original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested

Dividends and other Distributions

None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 1.50% 1.50% 1.50%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees None 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%) 0.27% 0.28% 0.24%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3) 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.78% 2.04% 2.75%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) (0.02)% (0.03)% None
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(4) 1.76% 2.01% 2.75%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The total annual fund operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
(4) The Fund’s investment advisor, Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”), has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (but excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses, (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs, (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses (such as litigation or reorganizational costs), and (vii) costs and expenses of litigation or claims on behalf of the Fund regarding portfolio investments initiated (or threatened) by the investment adviser or sub-advisor) to not more than 1.75%, 2.00% and 2.75% of the daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

49

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem (or you hold, as applicable) all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, operating expenses remain the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares $179 $558 $963 $2,093
Class A Shares $669 $1,081 $1,518 $2,729
Class C Shares – no redemption $278 $855 $1,459 $3,089

Class C Shares – with redemption $378 $855 $1,459 $3,089

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 37% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies:

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing in agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, with a focus on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities are collateralized by pools of residential mortgages which are not insured by government sponsored enterprises or agencies (such as Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). The Fund’s non-agency mortgage-backed securities investments have a wide variety of payment characteristics and preferences, and can have fixed or floating interest rates. The Fund may also invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other asset-backed securities, including those backed by credit card receivables, auto loans, aircraft leases and student loans. The Fund’s investment sub-advisor, ESM Management, LLC (the “Sub-Advisor”), will allocate the Fund’s investments to asset classes that it views as offering the best values in the marketplace on a relative (risk-adjusted) basis at that time.

 

The Sub-Advisor seeks to identify, through its own proprietary research and analysis, investments that it believes are undervalued and/or have the potential to achieve an above-market yield over the longer term. The investment strategy also seeks to identify “special situations” within fixed income markets, particularly the market for non-agency mortgage-backed securities, where the Fund will make opportunistic investments in securities that may be mispriced due to structural or market driven factors. In this regard, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify complexities, inefficiencies or flaws in the underlying legal and technical structures of certain debt issuances that the Sub-Advisor believes may have gone unnoticed by, or that are being misunderstood by, other market participants, such that the market is undervaluing the expected return. These opportunities that the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify may come in the form of flaws of logic or interpretation in a debt security’s pooling and servicing agreements or bond indentures. The Sub-Advisor seeks to identify and then exploit these opportunities while seeking to limit downside exposure. The Sub-Advisor will seek to remedy issues it has identified in the security through activist strategies, including, in cases where the investment’s cash flows are not being directed properly: (i) bringing the technical issue to the attention of indenture trustees or servicers; (ii) negotiating with the applicable parties to compensate the Fund for the issue; or (iii) through litigation or the threat of litigation. Once a potential special situation investment is identified, the Sub-Advisor estimates various factors, including the investment’s anticipated baseline return, potential upside, probability of upside scenario and investment horizon. Based on this analysis and the market opportunity in terms of outstanding issue size and ability to source the security, the Fund’s investment will be sized based on the Sub-Advisor’s discretion.

 

The implementation of the Sub-Advisor’s “special situations” activist strategies will from time to time cause the Fund to incur special litigation expenses, and the success of the strategies including recovery of such expenses, through the receipt of settlement or judgment amounts, may not occur or may involve longer time frames than originally expected. Investors that redeem shares of the Fund prior to the Fund’s realization of desired investment returns or recovery of litigation expenses may not experience the full intended benefit of the activist strategy and may not experience the same investment returns as investors that did not redeem their shares.

 

50

 

 

The Fund does not limit its investments to a particular credit quality and may invest without limitation in debt securities rated below investment grade (commonly referred to as “junk” bonds). Below investment grade securities include those rated, at the time of purchase, below Baa3 by Moody’s Investor Services or equivalently by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), as well as non-rated securities determined by the Sub-Advisor to be of comparable quality. The securities underlying the mortgage- and asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests may include distressed debt securities (i.e., underlying loans and assets that are in default or likely to default). An NRSRO will consider the underlying loans or assets collateralizing a mortgage- or asset-backed security when determining the credit rating of such security. The Sub-Advisor will also consider the security’s credit rating when evaluating the security for investment by the Fund.

 

In managing the Fund’s investments, the Sub-Advisor seeks to construct an investment portfolio with a weighted average maturity that ranges between 1 and 30 years and a weighted average effective duration that ranges between -9 and 9 years. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for the anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage pre-payment rates. Certain mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest such as interest-only securities and related derivatives have “negative duration.” This means that the value of these instruments normally increases as interest rates increase, unlike most other debt instruments. This generally allows some portion of the portfolio’s market risk to be hedged with a purchase, rather than a short sale, and allows the portfolio to realize positive cash flows on the hedge as a result of interest received with respect to that security.

 

The Fund may also invest in U.S. Treasury and agency securities, structured notes, and over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative instruments. The Fund will use derivatives for hedging purposes. The Fund may hedge against rising interest rates through interest rate swaps, interest rate-linked futures and call and put options on interest rate futures. The Fund may hedge against rising default rates through credit default swaps, total return swaps linked to an asset or asset class representative of the default risks faced by the Fund, and credit spread options.

 

The Fund concentrates its investments in the mortgage-backed securities industry, which includes agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the“1940 Act”), which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

Distribution Policy: The Fund’s distribution policy is to make twelve monthly distributions to shareholders. The Fund may, at the discretion of management, target a specific level of monthly distributions (including any return of capital) from time to time. Shareholders receiving periodic payments from the Fund may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits. However, all or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net profit. For more information about the Fund’s distribution policy, please turn to “Additional Information About the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks – Principal Investment Strategies – Rational Special Situations Income Fund - Distribution Policy and Goals” section in this Prospectus.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund:

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

51

 

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential total return of the securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired results.

 

Activist Strategies Risk. As part of the Fund’s principal investment strategy, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify “special situations” where it can seek to remedy legal, technical or structural issues it has identified in the securities held by the Fund through activist strategies, including through litigation or the threat of litigation. Such activist strategies may not be successful and may have a negative impact on the Fund, including causing the Fund to incur legal related costs and expenses and portfolio turnover if the Sub-Advisor determines to sell such securities. In addition, realization of desired investment returns, or recovery of related expenses may involve longer time frames than originally expected so investors who redeem shares may bear such expenses without experiencing the desired investment returns.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities represent participating interests in pools of residential mortgage loans, some of which mortgage loans are guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. These guarantees are made at the “loan level” and relate only to the payment of principal and interest on the underlying mortgage loans. These loan-level governmental guarantees do not cover the payment of principal and interest on, or fluctuations in the market values of, the related mortgage-backed securities, and do not apply to investors’ purchase of shares of the Fund.

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by governmental agencies or instrumentalities such as Ginnie Mae, or government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are generally known as “agency mortgage-backed securities.” Agency mortgage-backed securities are backed by mortgage loans that satisfy the underwriting and other criteria published by the applicable governmental entity. The payment of interest and principal on these mortgage-backed securities is generally guaranteed by the applicable governmental entity.

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers are also known as “non-agency” mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are not subject to the same stringent underwriting requirements as agency mortgage-backed securities and, therefore, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-backed securities may have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics, and wider variances in interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. The market for non-agency mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for agency mortgage-backed securities.

 

Mortgage-backed securities do not have a fixed maturity and their expected maturities may vary as interest rates rise or fall. An increased rate of prepayments on the Fund’s mortgage-backed securities will result in an unforeseen loss of interest income to the Fund as the Fund may be required to reinvest assets at a lower interest rate. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security. The prices of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than prices of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise. The liquidity of mortgage-backed securities may change over time.

 

Mortgage-backed securities may be backed by mortgage loans across the spectrum of credit quality. Lower credit quality mortgage loans, such as those considered “subprime,” are more likely to default than those considered “prime” by a rating agency or service provider. Mortgage-backed securities supported by subprime mortgage loans generally carry a higher risk of loss and are potentially less liquid than mortgage-backed securities supported by prime mortgage loans, as an economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for sub-prime mortgage loans and thereby reduce the Fund’s ability to sell securities backed by such loans. Additionally, subprime loan borrowers may seek bankruptcy protection which would delay resolution of security holder claims and may eliminate or materially reduce liquidity.

 

Real Estate Risk. Through its investments in mortgage-related securities, the Fund is subject to the risks of the real estate market as a whole, such as taxation, regulations and economic and political factors that negatively impact the real estate market and the direct ownership of real estate. These may include decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, rising operating costs, interest rates and property taxes. In addition, some real estate-related investments are not fully diversified and are subject to the risks associated with financing a limited number of projects.

 

52

 

 

Fixed Income Securities Risk. The value of the Fund’s fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the risk that the debtor may default), extension risk (an issuer may exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected), and prepayment risk (the risk that the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

Income Risk. The Fund’s distributions to shareholders may decline when prevailing interest rates fall, when the Fund experiences deterioration of the underlying debt securities it holds, or when the Fund realizes a loss upon the sale of a debt security.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that bond prices overall, including the prices of securities held by the Fund, will decline over short or long periods of time due to rising interest rates. Bonds with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rates than bonds with shorter maturities. The maturity and effective duration of the Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve or maintain any particular target maturity or effective duration of its investment portfolio.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security will fail to pay principal and interest in a timely manner, reducing the Fund’s total return. In addition, the credit quality of fixed income securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The issuer of a fixed income security may also default on its obligations. The Fund’s exposure to credit risk may be increased through its investments in high-yield securities, commonly known as “junk” bonds. Credit risk may be substantial for the Fund.

 

Prepayment and Extension Risk. Prepayment risk is the risk that principal on a debt obligation may be repaid earlier than anticipated. Extension risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to repay principal on a fixed rate obligation held by the Fund later than expected. Both prepayment and extension risks may impact the Fund’s profits and/or require it to pay higher yields than were expected.

 

Junk Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds, are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and principal when due and present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell the bonds in its portfolio. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the value of the Fund’s portfolio and net asset value per share.

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to timely meet its redemption obligations. Liquid securities can become illiquid due to political, economic or issuer specific events; supply/demand imbalances; changes in a specific market’s size or structure, including the number of participants; or overall market disruptions

 

Concentration Risk. Because the Fund concentrates its investments in a sector, industry or group of industries, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting such sector, industry or group of industries than a fund that invests its assets more broadly.

 

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements provided to support the securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. Asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the risk that a borrower’s payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans. Asset-backed securities are also subject to extension risk, which is the risk that a rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments, causing the price of the asset-backed securities and the Fund’s share price to fall.

 

53

 

 

CDOs and CLOs Risk. CDOs and CLOs are securities backed by an underlying portfolio of debt and loan obligations, respectively. CDOs and CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease of market value due to collateral defaults and removal of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults and investor aversion to CDOs and CLOs as a class. The risks of investing in CDOs and CLOs depend largely on the tranche held by the Fund and the types of underlying debts and loans in such tranche of the CDO or CLO, respectively. CDOs and CLOs are also subject to additional risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk.

 

Structured Note Risk. Structured notes are subject to credit risk, default risk, and adverse changes in the index or reference asset to which payments are linked, and may involve leverage risk.

 

U.S. Government Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. government or agency obligations. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored entities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

Security Risk. The value of the Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of an individual security in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio managers’ ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

Credit Default Swap Risk. Credit default swaps (“CDS”) are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened counterparty, concentration and exposure risks.

 

Credit Spread Options Risk. The Fund’s credit spread options positions expose the Fund to leverage risk because a small investment may produce large changes in Fund value. Additionally, the Fund’s credit spread options positions expose the Fund to losses limited by the spread’s price differential, which is the difference between the strike prices less the net credits from writing a call (put) option while buying a call (put) option at a higher (lower) strike price.

 

54

 

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause the Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Sub-Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

Options Market Risk. Markets for options and options on futures may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options and options on futures may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for the Fund to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.

 

Options Risk. There are risks associated with the Fund’s use of options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, the Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Conversely, as a seller (writer) of a call option or put option, the Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above (written call option) or falls below (written put option) the respective option’s strike price. The Fund’s losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in an unhedged written call transaction.

 

Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Further, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. Options are also subject to leverage and volatility risk, liquidity risk, tracking risk, and sub-strategy risk.

 

Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Trading Risk. Certain of the derivatives in which the Fund may invest may be traded (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. While the OTC derivatives market is the primary trading venue for many derivatives, it is largely unregulated. As a result, and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts.

 

Swaps Risk. Swaps are subject to non-correlation risk because they may not be perfect substitutes for the instruments they are intended to hedge or replace. Over the counter swaps are subject to counterparty default. Leverage inherent in derivatives will tend to magnify the Fund’s losses. Like other derivatives, swaps are also subject to leverage risk, which will tend to magnify the Fund’s losses.

 

Total Return Swap Risk. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The primary risks associated with total returns swaps are credit risk and liquidity risk.

 

55

 

 

Leverage Risk. The use of leverage by the Fund, such as through the use of derivatives, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.

 

Volatility Risk. Using derivatives can create leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s net asset value and cause the Fund’s returns and net asset value per share to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. To the extent that the Fund holds securities of a smaller number of issuers or invests a larger percentage of its assets in a single issuer than would a diversified portfolio, the value of the Fund, as compared to the value of a diversified portfolio, will generally be more volatile and more sensitive to the performance of any one of those issuers and to economic, political, market or regulatory events affecting any one of those issuers.

 

Distribution Policy Risk. The Fund may, at the discretion of management, target a specific level of monthly distributions (including any return of capital) from time to time. Shareholders receiving periodic payments from the Fund may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits. However, all or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital (i.e., from your original investment). Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net profit. Shareholders should note that return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their shares.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.” 

 

Performance: The Fund commenced operations by acquiring all of the assets and liabilities of ESM Fund I, L.P. (the “Predecessor Fund”) in a tax-free reorganization, which was consummated after the close of business on July 17, 2019 (the “Reorganization”). In connection with the Reorganization, investors in the Predecessor Fund received Institutional shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investment objectives, policies, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Predecessor Fund. However, the Predecessor Fund was not registered under the 1940 Act and, therefore, was not subject to certain investment restrictions, limitations and diversification requirements that are imposed by the 1940 Act or Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which, if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected the Predecessor Fund’s performance. The Fund’s Sub-Advisor was the investment adviser to the Predecessor Fund.

 

The Fund commenced operations on July 17, 2019. The performance shown below prior to July 17, 2019 is that of the Predecessor Fund, which reflects all of the Predecessor Fund’s actual fees and expenses (i.e., the Predecessor Fund’s annual management fees and operating expenses before any fee waivers and/or expense subsidies), as adjusted to include any applicable sales loads and distribution (12b-1) fees of each class of shares of the Fund. The performance of the Predecessor Fund has not been restated to include the other fees, estimated expenses and fee waivers and/or expense subsidies applicable to each class of shares of the Fund. The Fund’s fees and expenses are expected to be higher than those of the Predecessor Fund, so if the Fund’s expenses were applied to the Predecessor Fund’s performance, the performance would have been lower.

 

The bar chart and performance table below show the variability of the Fund’s returns, which is some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Predecessor Fund and the Fund’s Institutional shares for the last 10 calendar years. The performance table compares the Predecessor Fund and the Fund’s performance over time to the performance of a broad-based market index as well as an index reflecting the performance of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises or agencies.

 

You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

 

The Predecessor Fund was organized as a limited partnership, did not qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, and did not pay dividends and distributions. As a result of its different tax treatment, the Fund is unable to show the after-tax returns for the Predecessor Fund for periods that commenced prior to July 17, 2019.

 

56

 

  

Annual Total Returns

 

 

Years

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 12.56% (quarter ended March 31, 2013), and the lowest return for a quarter was (7.01)% (quarter ended March 31, 2020).

 

The Fund’s Institutional shares year-to-date return as of March 31, 2022 was (1.88)%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(For periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Institutional Shares1      
Return Before Taxes 5.30% 8.60% 10.96%
Return After Taxes on Distributions2 3.17% N/A N/A
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares2 3.11% N/A N/A
Class A Shares1,3      
Return Before Taxes 0.01% 7.26% 10.13%
Class C Shares1      
Return Before Taxes 4.22% 7.50% 9.85%
Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) (1.54)% 3.57% 2.90%
Bloomberg US Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS) Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) (1.04)% 2.50% 2.28%

 

1. Includes the effect of performance fees paid by the investors of the Predecessor Fund.
2. As a result of the different tax treatment of the Predecessor Fund, we are unable to show after-tax returns for periods that commenced prior to July 17, 2019.
3. Includes the effect of the maximum sales load.

 

57

 

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”) is the Fund’s investment advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor: ESM Management LLC (the “Sub-Advisor”) is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Managers: Eric S. Meyer, Founder and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, and William R. Van de Water, Managing Director and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, are jointly and primarily responsible for the management of the Fund’s portfolio. Dr. Meyer and Mr. Van de Water have served the Fund as portfolio managers since its inception in July 2019 and managed the Predecessor Fund since its inception in 2009.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the transfer agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

58

 

 

FUND SUMMARY - RATIONAL INFLATION GROWTH FUND

 

Investment Objective: The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund: This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and is included in the sections of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled How to Buy Shares on page 104 and Appendix A - Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers, and in the sections of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) entitled Waivers and Reductions of Up-Front Sales Charge on Class A Shares on page 73.

 

Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) None 5.75% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of the lesser of the original purchase price or the net asset value of shares at the time of redemption) None None(1) 1.00%(2)

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested

Dividends and other Distributions

None None None
Redemption Fee None None None
Exchange Fee None None None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Institutional
Shares
Class A
Shares
Class C
Shares
Management Fees 1.25% 1.25% 1.25%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees 0.00% 0.25% 1.00%
Other Expenses (including shareholder services fee of up to 0.25%)(3) 0.85% 0.85% 0.85%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(3), (4) 0.11% 0.11% 0.11%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 2.21% 2.46% 3.21%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(5) (0.61)% (0.61)% (0.61)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements(5) 1.60% 1.85% 2.60%

 

(1) In the case of investments of $1 million or more (where you do not pay an initial sales charge and the selling broker receives a commission), a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.
(2) Maximum Deferred Sales Charge on Class C shares applies to shares sold within 12 months of purchase.
(3) Estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.
(4) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. The total annual fund operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Fund’s financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Fund, not the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
(5) The Fund’s investment advisor, Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”), has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and/or reimburse certain operating expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary in order to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (but excluding: (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges); (iv) taxes; (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses; and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses (such as litigation or reorganizational costs) to not more than 1.49%, 1.74%, and 2.49% of the daily net assets of the Fund’s Institutional, Class A, and Class C shares, respectively, through April 30, 2023. This arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

59

 

 

Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, operating expenses remain the same, and the expense reduction/reimbursement remains in place for the contractual period only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years
Institutional Shares $163 $633
Class A Shares $752 $1,243
Class C Shares – no redemption $263 $932

Class C Shares – with redemption $363 $932

 

Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the fiscal period from August 18, 2021 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2021, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 0% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies:

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in securities that SL Advisors, LLC, the Fund’s investment sub-advisor (the “Sub-Advisor”), expects to increase in value with increased U.S. inflation or with expectations of higher inflation in the future. The Fund primarily invests in the common stock of companies within sectors and/or asset classes that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a strong positive correlation to inflation, including but not limited to real estate, infrastructure, energy and commodities. The Fund may invest in the common stocks of domestic and foreign companies listed on a U.S. exchange, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and may invest in companies of any market capitalization. The Fund may also invest in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) to gain exposure to a sector or asset class when obtaining the desired exposure is not available through investment in common stocks or when investment indirectly through an ETF would otherwise be beneficial to the Fund. These ETFs may invest in derivative instruments such as futures, options and swaps.

 

The portfolio consists of allocations to sectors and/or asset classes, such as those listed above, that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a strong positive correlation to U.S. inflation. The selection of investments within each sector or asset class is based on a dynamic proprietary methodology that seeks to identify stocks that will appreciate when inflation, or market-derived expectations about future inflation, rise. The Fund will diversify its holding within each sector. From time to time, the Fund may also sell short ETFs invested in sectors or asset classes that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a negative correlation to inflation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund is not obligated to maintain exposure to all, or any particular, sectors or asset classes noted above, and may be lacking exposure to a particular sector or asset class at a time when such exposure would have been advantageous.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the“1940 Act”), which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund:

 

As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. The Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

60

 

 

The following summarizes the principal risks of investing in the Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Fund and your investment.

 

ADR Risk. ADRs, which are typically issued by a bank, are certificates that evidence ownership of shares of a foreign company and are alternatives to purchasing foreign securities directly in their national markets and currencies. ADRs are subject to the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies discussed below and involve risks that are not found in investments in U.S. companies. ADRs may not track the price of the underlying foreign securities on which they are based, and their value may change materially at times when U.S. markets are not open for trading. Certain ADRs are not listed on an exchange and therefore may be considered to be illiquid.

 

Investments in foreign companies tend to be more volatile and less liquid than investments in U.S. securities because, among other things, they involve risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad, including economic sanctions, as well as risks resulting from differences between the regulations and reporting standards and practices to which U.S. and foreign issuers are subject. Investing in foreign companies includes trading-related risks (e.g., government supervision and regulation of foreign securities and currency markets, and foreign securities may be subject to foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls).

 

Commodity Risk. Investing in the commodities markets (directly or indirectly) may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodity prices may be influenced by unfavorable weather, animal and plant disease, geologic and environmental factors as well as changes in government regulation such as tariffs, embargoes or burdensome production rules and restrictions.

 

Correlation Risk. There is no guarantee that the value of the Fund’s investments will increase with inflation or with the expectation of higher inflation in the future. It is possible that the Fund’s investments may be negatively correlated with inflation trends or show no such correlation at all, either because the estimate of correlation by the Sub-Advisor or its proprietary model was wrong or because the correlation in the market changed. Historic correlation is no guarantee of future correlation.

 

Derivatives Risk. The use of derivative instruments by the ETFs in which the Fund invests involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives can also create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in an ETF sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the ETF’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may be less liquid than more traditional investments and an ETF may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the ETF may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact an ETF’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events, changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Derivatives strategies may not always be successful, and their successful use will depend on the portfolio manager’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying asset.

 

Futures Risk. Investments in futures contracts involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on the Fund. This risk could cause an underlying ETF to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Sub-Advisor’s expectations and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances and because futures do not pay dividends.

 

61

 

 

Options Market Risk. Markets for options and options on futures may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options and options on futures may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for the ETF to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.

 

Options Risk. There are risks associated with an underlying ETF’s use of options. As the buyer of a call option, the ETF risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, the ETF risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Conversely, as a seller (writer) of a call option or put option, the ETF will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above (written call option) or falls below (written put option) the respective option’s strike price. The ETF’s losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in an unhedged written call transaction.

 

Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Further, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of the ETF’s portfolio securities. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding ETF shares in a taxable account. Options are also subject to leverage and volatility risk, liquidity risk, tracking risk, and sub-strategy risk.

 

Swaps Risk. Swaps are subject to non-correlation risk because they may not be perfect substitutes for the instruments they are intended to hedge or replace. Over the counter swaps are subject to counterparty default. Leverage inherent in derivatives will tend to magnify an ETF’s losses. Like other derivatives, swaps are also subject to leverage risk, which will tend to magnify an ETF’s losses.

 

Total Return Swap Risk. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to an ETF’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the ETF would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The primary risks associated with total returns swaps are credit risk and liquidity risk.

 

Energy Sector Risk. The Fund may focus its investments in the energy infrastructure sector, which historically has been very volatile. Because of its focus in this sector, the performance of the Fund is tied closely to and affected by developments in the energy sector, such as the possibility that government regulation will negatively impact companies in this sector. Energy infrastructure entities are subject to the risks specific to the industry they serve including, but not limited to, the following:

 

Fluctuations in commodity prices;

 

Reduced volumes of natural gas or other energy commodities available for transporting, processing, storing or distributing;

 

New construction risk and acquisition risk which can limit potential growth;

 

A sustained reduced demand for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products resulting from a recession or an increase in market price or higher taxes;

 

Depletion of the natural gas reserves or other commodities if not replaced;

 

62

 

 

Changes in the regulatory environment;

 

Extreme weather;

 

Rising interest rates which could result in a higher cost of capital and drive investors into other investment opportunities; and

 

Threats of attack by terrorists.

 

Equity Securities Risk. The price of the common stock in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and on market and economic conditions. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

Infrastructure Industry Risk. Companies in the infrastructure industry are subject to many risks that can negatively impact the revenues and viability of companies in this industry. These risks include, but are not limited to, commodity price volatility risk, supply and demand risk, reserve and depletion risk, operations risk, regulatory risk, environmental risk, terrorism risk and the risk of natural disasters.

 

Large Capitalization Stock Risk. Investments in larger, more established companies are subject to the risk that larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Large capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors potentially resulting in lower markets for their common stock. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

 

Limited History of Operations Risk. The Fund has a limited history of operations for investors to evaluate. If the Fund is unable to achieve an economic size, expenses will be higher than expected and the Fund might close, which could produce adverse tax consequences for shareholders.

 

Management Risk. The investment strategies employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other similar investment vehicles having similar investment strategies. In addition, the Sub-Advisor’s judgment about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular stocks or other securities in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Sub-Advisor’s judgment will produce the desired result.

 

Market Risk. The value of securities in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate and, as a result, the Fund’s share price may decline suddenly or over a sustained period of time. Overall market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.

 

Medium (Mid) Capitalization Stock Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in the stocks of mid-sized companies, the Fund may be subject to additional risks. The earnings and prospects of these companies are more volatile than larger companies. These companies may experience higher failure rates than larger companies. Mid-sized companies normally have a lower trading volume than larger companies, which may tend to make their market price fall more disproportionately than larger companies in response to selling pressures. Mid-sized companies may also have limited markets, product lines or financial resources and may lack management experience.

 

63

 

 

Non-Diversification Risk. To the extent that the Fund holds securities of a smaller number of issuers or invests a larger percentage of its assets in a single issuer than would a diversified portfolio, the value of the Fund, as compared to the value of a diversified portfolio, will generally be more volatile and more sensitive to the performance of any one of those issuers and to economic, political, market or regulatory events affecting any one of those issuers.

 

Real Estate Risk. Through its investments in common stock of companies in the real estate sector, the Fund is subject to the risks of the real estate market as a whole, such as taxation, regulations and economic and political factors that negatively impact the real estate market and the direct ownership of real estate. These may include decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, rising operating costs, interest rates and property taxes. In addition, some real estate-related investments are not fully diversified and are subject to the risks associated with financing a limited number of projects.

 

REIT Risk. The Fund’s investments in REITs are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate, including sensitivity to general economic downturns and the volatility of local real estate markets. REITs may have limited financial resources and their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volume, and thus they may be more volatile than other securities.

 

Sector/Asset Class Risk. The Fund may focus its investments in securities of a particular sector or asset class. Economic, legislative or regulatory developments may occur that significantly affect the sector or asset class. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value to fluctuate more than that of a fund that does not focus in a particular sector.

 

Short Position Risk. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short position, in securities, if the price of the short position instrument increases in value between the date of the short position sale and the date on which an offsetting position is purchased. Losses due to short sales are potentially unlimited. Short positions may be considered speculative transactions and involve special risks, including greater reliance on the Sub-Advisor’s ability to accurately anticipate the future value of a security or instrument.

 

Small Capitalization Stock Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in the stocks of smaller-sized companies, the Fund may be subject to additional risks. The earnings and prospects of these companies are more volatile than larger companies. Smaller-sized companies may experience higher failure rates than do larger companies. The trading volume of securities of smaller-sized companies is normally less than that of larger companies and, therefore, may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make them fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger companies. Smaller-sized companies may have limited markets, product lines or financial resources and may lack management experience.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. Other investment companies, including ETFs (“Underlying Funds”), in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory fees and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each of the Underlying Funds is subject to its own specific risks.

 

ETF Risk. Like a mutual fund, the value of an ETF can fluctuate based on the prices of the securities owned by the ETF, and ETFs are also subject to the following additional risks: (i) the ETF’s market price may be less than its net asset value; (ii) an active market for the ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) market trading in the ETF may be halted under certain circumstances. Because the Fund may invest its assets in ETFs that have their own fees and expenses in addition to those charged directly by the Fund, the Fund may bear higher expenses than a fund that invests directly in individual securities.

 

For more information, please see the section of the Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks.”

 

64

 

 

Performance: Because the Fund is a relatively new fund and does not have a full calendar year of operations, no performance information is presented for the Fund at this time. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of this Prospectus. Updated performance information will be available at no cost by calling 1-800-253-0412.

 

Advisor: Rational Advisors, Inc. (the “Advisor”) is the Fund’s investment advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor: SL Advisors, LLC is the Fund’s investment sub-advisor.

 

Portfolio Manager: Simon Lack, Managing Partner and Chief Compliance Officer of the Sub-Advisor, and Henry Hoffman, Partner of the Sub-Advisor, serve as the Fund’s Portfolio Managers and are jointly and primarily responsible for the day to day management of the Fund’s portfolio. They have served the Fund in this capacity since the Fund commenced operations in August 2021.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The minimum initial purchase for the Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50.

 

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemption requests may be made in writing, by telephone or through a financial intermediary to the Fund or the transfer agent and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

 

Tax Information: The Fund’s distributions generally are taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account, in which case your distributions may be taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn from the tax-advantaged account.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.

 

65

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT
STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES

 

The investment objective of each Fund, except Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund, Rational Special Situations Income Fund, and Rational Inflation Growth Fund, is fundamental and may be changed only by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares. The investment objectives of Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund, Rational Special Situations Income Fund, and Rational Inflation Growth Fund are non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. If the Board decides to change a Fund’s non-fundamental investment objective, shareholders will be given 60 days’ advance notice.

 

If the Board decides to change Rational Equity Armor Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities, shareholders of the Fund will be given 60 days’ advance notice. Rational Equity Armor Fund will consider the securities held by other investment companies in which the Fund invests when determining compliance with its policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities.

 

If the Board decides to change Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in convertible securities, shareholders of the Fund will be given 60 days’ advance notice. Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund will consider the securities held by other investment companies in which the Fund invests when determining compliance with its policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in convertible securities.

 

Fund Investment Objective
Rational Equity Armor Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return on investment, with dividend income an important component of that return.
Rational Tactical Return Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek current income and moderate appreciation of capital.
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.
Rational Special Situations Income Fund The Fund’s objective is to seek total return consisting of capital appreciation and income.
Rational Inflation Growth Fund The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation.

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

Each Fund’s main investment strategies are discussed in the Summary Section for each Fund and are the strategies that the Advisor and/or Sub-Advisor believes are most likely to be important in trying to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. You should note, however, that a Fund may use other non-principal strategies and invest in other securities not described in this prospectus, which are disclosed in detail in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). For a copy of the SAI please call toll free at 1-800-253-0412 or visit the Funds’ website at www.rationalmf.com.

 

66

 

 

Rational Equity Armor Fund

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in common stock of dividend paying companies included within the S&P 500 Index. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities. The Fund seeks to hedge the majority of its tock exposure by investing up to 20% of its assets in VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products, and in cash and cash equivalents, including U.S. Treasury obligations, as a hedge against the common stock held in the Fund’s portfolio. The VIX Index measure of the stock market's expectation of volatility implied by S&P 500 index options and is calculated and disseminated in real-time by the  Cboe.

 

The Sub-Advisor uses a rules-based quantitative strategy to create a portfolio composed of common stock, primarily of dividend paying companies (REITs), that it believes offer the best return potential and low volatility under the current economic environment. Stocks are selected based on a proprietary model comprised of the following factors (i) domestic factors such as unemployment rate, corporate cash flow, housing starts, auto sales, and new durable goods; (ii) monetary factors; (iii) interest rates; (iv) various index levels including gold index, energy prices, consumer price index; and (v) international factors such as euro exchange rates, FTSE 100, Tokyo stock exchange, and agricultural exports. The goal of the strategy is to select those companies with prices that (i) are primarily driven by the economy rather than company-specific information; (ii) are neutral or suitable in the current economy; (iii) do not exhibit excessive reaction to economic changes; and (iv) have decreased in value in lesser amounts historically than the S&P 500 Index during periods of declines in the S&P 500 Index. The Fund’s sector allocation shall not exceed approximately three times the sector’s weight in the S&P 500 Index, and the Fund’s allocation to any sector shall not exceed approximately 40% of the Fund’s assets at the time of investing. The Fund’s sector allocation is assessed and rebalanced, if necessary, on a quarterly basis. The Fund’s sector allocation process does not focus on any particular sectors.

 

The Fund invests a portion of its assets in VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products utilizing the same methodology as the EAVOL Trading Strategy, which is based on a proprietary VIX futures trading strategy that seeks to correlate to VIX Futures returns. The Fund primarily invests in VIX Futures or other similar volatility-related products and seeks to achieve high correlation to the return of the EAVOL Trading Strategy for this component of the Fund’s portfolio. The EAVOL Trading Strategy was created by the Sub-Advisor and is constructed pursuant to a rules-based volatility analysis that identifies investments that present the least potential for time decay (i.e., the decline in the value of a contract over the passage of time) while maintaining the highest correlation to VIX Index price movement each day. Historically, the VIX Index and VIX Futures tend to negatively correlate to equity price movement. Therefore, the EAVOL Trading Strategy may appreciate during times of downward equity prices or when implied volatility expectations of equities rise. Likewise, when equity prices appreciate or implied volatility expectations decline, the EAVOL Trading Strategy is likely to decline in value. Volatility analysis includes the study of price, momentum, future curves, as well as recurring price patterns. The EAVOL Trading Strategy consists primarily of VIX Futures as its sole components and holds VIX Futures or VIX Index options to gain a high correlation to the EAVOL Trading Strategy. The components of the EAVOL Trading Strategy are adjusted on a daily basis. The Fund adjusts this component of the portfolio on a daily basis in order to closely track the EAVOL Trading Strategy.

 

The EAVOL Trading Strategy relies primarily on volatility analyses to execute long and short trades in futures listed on the CFE (Chicago Futures Exchange). Volatility analysis includes the study of price, future curves, and other measures related and non-related to the Cboe VIX Index. The holdings of the EAVOL Trading Strategy consist solely of VIX Futures with an expiration date of less than 90 days. Volatility analysis is based on the theory that a study of the markets as a whole (rather than particular market sectors) provides a means of anticipating prices. Using the relationship between implied volatility levels indicated by the VIX Index along with future implied volatility levels indicated by VIX Futures, the index dictates rebalancing on a daily basis in order to adhere to long volatility correlation. The spot prices of the VIX Index relative to VIX Futures, along with the dollar amount of volatility exposure is used to determine the specific exposure of the Fund to this element of the Fund’s strategy. Volatility analysis of the markets often includes a study of the actual daily, weekly and monthly price fluctuations as well as an algorithmic analysis of these items and other technical data.

 

67

 

 

During times of higher than normal volatility conditions in the stock market, the he Sub-Advisor may also choose to trade securities related to the VIX Index, such as S&P 500 Index futures, options on S&P 500 Index futures and VIX Index options, in order to achieve the volatility overlay to the Fund’s equity exposure, if the Sub-Advisor determines that these securities provide greater access to volatility and at such time, the total EAVOL Trading Strategy. The use of such S&P 500 Index futures and options thereon will typically be used in adverse market conditions where the VIX Index is above 30, which is roughly two times its historical average price. The VIX Index is calculated based on roughly 30-day expiring S&P 500 Index options, thus VIX Futures will cash settle based on the final settlement price of the VIX Index using opening rotation procedures of the Cboe on expiration using S&P 500 Index options. Because S&P 500 Index options provide a proxy for the VIX Index and VIX Futures, S&P 500 Index options correlate to VIX Futures. Because S&P 500 Index Futures and options thereon eventually settle into the S&P 500 Index quarterly expiration, the Sub-Advisor may choose to trade such securities in place of, or in addition to, VIX Futures.

 

The Fund’s volatility hedging strategy aims to minimize possible losses that are common in stock indexes so that investors might be able to ride-out market swings in pursuit of their long-term investment objectives. However, the volatility overlay has an associated cost. Given the negative correlation between equity price movements and the EAVOL Trading Strategy described above, the strategy may result in a reduction in the Fund’s return. The Fund’s strategy has no annualized target for the level of volatility it seeks to achieve under normal circumstances. There may be times that the Sub-Advisor determines not to implement the Fund’s volatility hedging strategy.

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio investments, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance.

 

In addition to the principal investment strategies discussed above, the Fund may invest in other investment companies, including affiliated funds advised by the Advisor.

 

Rational Tactical Return Fund

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests primarily in long and short call and put options on futures contracts on SPX, and in cash and cash equivalents (including short term treasury securities and unaffiliated money market funds).

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective in three ways: (1) Premium Collection - the Fund collects premiums on options it sells; (2) Volatility Trading - the Fund may enter into positions designed to hedge or profit from either an increase or a decrease in the SPX volatility; and (3) Trend Following - the Fund may increase or decrease the balance of puts and calls based on trending market direction; however, in general, the strategy does not depend on a forecast of equity market direction and is designed to produce returns that are not correlated with equity market returns.

 

The Fund’s risk management procedures aim to provide consistency of returns and to mitigate the extent of losses. However, the procedures may not be successful in doing so. Positions are entered on a continuous basis across different option exercise prices and expiration dates. The foundation of the Fund’s trading methodology is determined by both technical and fundamental analysis of SPX futures. Technical analysis focuses on the statistical analysis of price movements of the SPX and provides the framework for trade decisions. However, the Sub-Advisor also uses fundamental analysis of macroeconomic events such Federal Reserve policy statements, disputes between countries, political upheaval, and other geopolitical events to supplement the technical analysis for final trade execution. For example, if the technical indicators indicate a pending market decline, and the fundamental forecast confirms that near-term outlook, the Sub-Advisor will position the Fund’s portfolio to take advantage of a decline in the SPX. Conversely, if both technical and fundamental analysis point to a rising SPX, the Fund’s portfolio can be adjusted rapidly to attempt to capture that potential upside. In the event that the fundamental and technical analysis disagree, the Fund can take a more market neutral posture or stay out of the market. The Fund employs risk management procedures intended to adjust portfolio exposure as necessitated by changing market conditions, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance. In the event options on SPX futures are unavailable for investment, in order to gain similar market exposure, the Fund may instead invest a significant portion of its assets in VIX futures and options, and SPX cash options. The VIX is measure of the implied volatility of S&P 500 Index options.

 

68

 

 

Exchange-traded options on broad-based equity indices that trade on a national securities exchange registered with the SEC, or a domestic board of trade designated as a contract market by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, generally qualify for treatment as “section 1256 contracts,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Under the Code, capital gains and losses on “section 1256 contracts” are generally recognized annually based on a marking-to-market of open positions at tax year-end, with gains or losses treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term, regardless of holding period. The Fund intends to utilize primarily options that are “section 1256 contracts.”

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio securities in an attempt to achieve its investment objective.

 

Rational Dynamic Brands Fund

 

The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in the stocks of companies with the 25 to 50 most attractive and leading brands, from a fundamental and technical perspective, contained in the Index. The Index tracks the performance of 200 highly recognizable and relevant U.S. and foreign brands with a business to consumer and business to business focus. Companies with a business to consumer focus primarily operate to create and sell products and/or services to the consumer on a direct basis or through intermediaries. Companies with a business to business focus generally create and sell products and/or services to other businesses, which are typically used to aid these businesses in serving their clients. The Fund’s strategy is based on the premise that consumption drives the U.S. economy with roughly 70% of U.S. GDP derived from household consumption, and that brand loyalty, demographics, and incomes typically drive consumption habits.

 

Brands are assets owned by a corporation that often represent products & services to an end user. Companies sell products and services under a unique product name or “brand” that has built an emotional connection with customers over time and with large amounts of advertising dollars. The leading brands have embedded themselves in our daily lives and often inspire trust, loyalty and respect.

 

The Index measures the performance of 180 U.S. listed companies and 20 non-U.S. listed companies selected from 70 sub-industries that are deemed by the index provider’s rules-based methodology to have a large number of companies focused directly or indirectly on the consumer and consumer/business products and services. The Index methodology is designed to track the leading companies by isolating those companies with the highest market cap, three year total sales and three year sales growth. By virtue of being at the top of these rankings, a company is deemed a “leading” company in its consumer-focused industry or its business to business focused industry. A company is excluded from the index if (i) it does not rank high enough to be eligible for inclusion based on the methodology described above at the time of initial calculation or in subsequent years’ reconstitutions; or (ii) it is acquired by another company where such acquired company’s shares cease trading on an exchange. The Index equally weighted and is rebalanced and reconstituted annually in December. The Sub-Advisor is also the sponsor of the Index.

 

From the universe of securities in the Index, the Sub-Advisor then selects the Fund’s portfolio based on its multi-step proprietary investment process. The Sub-Advisor uses fundamental and technical analysis to identify companies to include in the Fund’s portfolio. Fundamental analysis includes analyzing a company’s cash flow, sales, earnings per share, intangible assets, and similar statistics to identify company’s that the Sub-Advisor believes has a competitive advantage over other companies. Technical analysis includes analyzing a company’s price movements over various time frames to identify the most attractive buy and sell levels, which helps identify the best time to buy or sell a particular security. The Fund may invest, directly or indirectly through investments in ETFs, in both U.S. and foreign companies included in the Index, including ADRs and companies domiciled in emerging markets. Although the Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization, it expects the market capitalization of the companies held in its portfolio to be $2 billion and above at the time of purchase. From time to time, the Fund may also invest in ETFs to gain exposure to particular consumer-focused and business to business focused industries. In times of economic turmoil or unusually high equity valuations where equity risk is deemed high, the Fund may also invest in cash and cash equivalents, inverse equity ETFs and in asset classes that have historically been safe havens when equities were experiencing drawdowns, which are U.S. treasury securities, short-term bonds, and the U.S. dollar.

 

69

 

 

The process begins with the identification of the primary characteristics currently driving returns of S&P 500 companies. Examples of such characteristics include growth, value, size, momentum, strong balance sheet (ex., high assets over liabilities, high total assets over total debt, high cash on balance sheet, low debt to equity ratio), profitability and dividend yield (a financial ratio that indicates how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price). Multiple baskets of companies included in the Index are then created based on these characteristics. Along with company fundamentals, the Sub-Advisor takes into account interest rate movements and U.S. dollar movements when analyzing stock and sector allocations. The investment process identifies important growth themes, employs single and multi-factor screens to identify those companies with the strongest fundamentals, and analyzes various technical and risk factors to select the companies with the most attractive current price. The Sub-Advisor, based on its fundamental and technical analysis, determines the appropriate weighting of the companies within the Fund’s portfolio. Allocations of the portfolio’s equity assets to cash, cash equivalents and protective assets via ETF’s are based on its proprietary risk dashboard, which monitors current equity market technical indicators (important moving averages and crosses of those averages) macroeconomic fundamental indicators (valuations, GDP growth, inflation trends), as well as interest rate and U.S. dollar movements. The Fund’s allocation of its assets to cash, cash equivalents and protective ETFs may be significantly skewed towards cash and/or protective assets at times of high market stress.

 

The companies held by the Fund are sold when there is a change in fundamentals, the target price of the company is met, and/or the Sub-Advisor has identified better investment opportunities.

 

Rational Strategic Allocation Fund

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a portfolio of Index Futures and in income-oriented securities. The Index measures the performance of the 500 largest publicly traded companies in the United States. The Fund’s investments in Index Futures are designed to provide a return (before fees and expenses) that approximates the performance of the Index. The Fund also invests in a portfolio of income-oriented mutual funds typically representing non-traditional fixed income asset classes (“Underlying Funds”) with the objective to: (1) provide current income; (2) provide additional return over the long term; and (3) support the goal of moderate capital appreciation by buffering the impact of downside equity market volatility. The Underlying Funds are also advised by the Advisor or an affiliate of the Advisor. Cash and cash equivalents held in the portfolio will serve as margin or collateral for the Fund’s futures investments.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund intends to invest in a portfolio of Underlying Funds, excluding cash and cash equivalents required for margin or collateral, while also maintaining notional exposure to the Index through its investments in futures contracts, which are intended to provide the Fund with economic exposure to U.S. equities in an amount up to the value of the Fund’s net assets. The term “notional exposure” refers to an investor’s exposure to the face value of an asset, whereas “economic exposure” refers to exposure to the market value of an asset. As a result, the Fund’s total investment exposure (direct investments in Underlying Funds plus notional exposure to the Index) will typically be equal to approximately 200% of the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund will maintain roughly 70% - 100% notional exposure to futures and roughly 70% - 100% notional exposure to underlying funds. The Fund could lose money on its investments in the Underlying Funds and through its exposure to the Index at the same time, potentially magnifying losses during periods of equity market sell-offs.

 

The Underlying Funds in which the Fund may invest typically focus on non-traditional fixed income asset classes such as agency and non-agency residential and commercial MBS (including hedged agency MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations); asset-backed securities (including CDOs and CLOs); corporate debt, convertible securities, and floating rate loans and other floating rate investments. The Fund may invest in Underlying Funds without any constraints as to the market capitalization, duration, maturity, country of domicile (including emerging market countries), or type of securities or investments held by the Underlying Funds. Certain of the Underlying Funds may hold, without limit, debt securities of any credit quality including below investment grade debt securities (also known as “junk” bonds).

 

The Advisor has broad discretion in the purchase of Underlying Funds for the Fund’s portfolio. The Advisor selects Underlying Funds based on a fundamental research process. The research process includes a top-down analysis of market conditions and investment category historical performance during various market conditions. It also includes a bottom-up analysis of each potential Underlying Fund for investment, including investment allocations; investment valuations and characteristics; positioning; historical performance during various market conditions; and the Fund’s portfolio manager’s outlook. The Advisor will tactically reallocate among Underlying Funds as often as needed to react to changing market conditions or to take advantage of opportunities.

 

70

 

 

Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

 

The Fund provides exposure to major global asset classes including equity indexes, fixed income indexes, interest rates, commodities and currencies. The Fund gains exposure to these asset classes by investing directly or indirectly through its Subsidiary (as described below) in futures contracts. Investments by the Fund may be made in domestic and foreign markets, including emerging markets. The Fund will also hold a large portion of its assets in cash, money market mutual funds, U.S. Treasury Securities, and other cash equivalents, some or all of which will serve as margin or collateral for the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s strategy aims to achieve capital appreciation over the long-term.

 

The Trading Advisor, uses a proprietary methodology to create a portfolio of securities with exposures to a number of characteristics such as total-return momentum, trends, seasonal patterns, carry measures, mean reversion and others, while simultaneously maximizing diversification based on changing estimates of volatility and correlations across global asset classes. The Fund will take long or short positions in asset classes such as equity index and fixed income asset classes, commodities, currencies, volatility indexes and other alternative asset classes. A premise of the Trading Advisor’s methodology is that return, volatility and correlation are more effectively estimated by observing past returns over horizons of one year or less, rather than using long-term averages. As a result, Fund holdings and weights are regularly adjusted in response to material changes in world markets.

 

The Trading Advisor’s investment models determine asset allocations based on multi-factor quantitative market information and account for the opportunity to reduce portfolio volatility through diversification. The investment models analyze these factors over a broad time spectrum which may range from several days to multiple years. The Trading Advisor analyzes a number of additional factors in determining how the asset classes are allocated in the portfolio including, but not limited to: intermediate-term profitability of an asset class or market, liquidity of a particular market, desired diversification among markets and asset classes, transaction costs, exchange regulations and depth of market. The allocations are reviewed daily, although changes may occur less frequently.

 

Target Volatility: The Fund is actively managed to target a 12% annualized volatility, although there is no guarantee that this objective can be met in all market conditions. Volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of changes in the Fund’s returns without regard to the direction of the returns. The Fund’s actual volatility level for longer or shorter periods may be materially higher or lower than the target level depending on market conditions, and therefore the Fund’s risk exposure may be materially higher or lower than the level targeted by the Trading Advisor’s investment models. As portfolio weights, and estimates of volatility and correlations change through time, the Fund’s gross exposure to underlying assets will be increased and decreased in order to maintain its target level of portfolio volatility. During periods of extremely high volatility and high correlations the Fund may have lower exposure to underlying assets to maintain the target level of portfolio volatility. Conversely, during periods of low volatility and low correlations the Fund may require greater exposure to underlying assets to maintain its target level of portfolio volatility.

 

There is no guarantee that the Fund will successfully achieve or maintain the target volatility level. The Fund’s target volatility level is not a total return performance target – the Fund does not expect, nor does it represent, that its total return performance will be within any specified range. It is possible that the Fund could achieve its target volatility level while having negative performance returns. Also, efforts to achieve and maintain a target volatility level can be expected to limit the Fund’s gains in rising markets, may expose the Fund to costs to which it would otherwise not have been exposed and, if unsuccessful, may result in substantial losses.

 

The Fund actively trades its portfolio investments, which may lead to higher transaction costs that may affect the Fund’s performance.

 

71

 

 

Subsidiary

 

The Fund executes a portion of its strategy by investing up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly owned and controlled Subsidiary. The Subsidiary invests the majority of its assets in commodities and other futures contracts subject to the same investment restrictions as the Fund, when viewed on a consolidated basis. The principal investment strategies and principal investment risks of the Subsidiary are also principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund and are reflected in this Prospectus. The financial statements of the Subsidiary are consolidated with those of the Fund. By investing in commodities indirectly through the Subsidiary, the Fund obtains exposure to the commodities markets within the federal tax requirements that apply to the Fund. Specifically, the Subsidiary provides the Fund with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M of the Code. Subchapter M requires, among other things, that at least 90% of the Fund’s income be derived from securities or derived with respect to its business of investing in securities (typically referred to as “qualifying income”). The Fund will make investments in certain commodity-linked derivatives through the Subsidiary because income from these derivatives is not treated as “qualifying income” for purposes of the 90% income requirement if the Fund invests in the derivative directly.

 

The Internal Revenue Service has issued a number of private letter rulings to other mutual funds (unrelated to the Fund), which indicate that certain income from a fund’s investment in a wholly owned foreign subsidiary will constitute “qualifying income” for purposes of Subchapter M. The Fund does not have a private letter ruling. However, the IRS has revoked the portion of any rulings that required a determination of whether a financial instrument or position, such as a commodity-linked or structured note, is a security under section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, some of which were revoked retroactively and others of which were revoked prospectively as of a date agreed upon with the IRS. To satisfy the 90% income requirement, the Subsidiary will, no less than annually, declare and distribute a dividend to the Fund, as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, in an amount approximately equal to the total amount of “Subpart F” income (as defined in Section 951 of the Code) generated by or expected to be generated by the Subsidiary’s investments during the fiscal year. Treasury regulations treat “Subpart F” income as satisfying the 90% income requirement even if a foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, does not make a distribution of such income (deemed inclusions). The Fund and Subsidiary reserve the right to rely on such deemed inclusions. Such dividend distributions are “qualifying income” pursuant to Subchapter M (Section 851(b)) of the Code.

 

Because the Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in the Subsidiary, which may hold some of the investments described in this Prospectus, the Fund may be considered to be investing indirectly in some of those investments through its Subsidiary. For that reason, references to the Fund may also include the Subsidiary.

 

The Subsidiary is subject to the same investment restrictions and limitations, and follows the same compliance policies and procedures, as the Fund. The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies, capital structure and leverage on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. In addition, the Subsidiary complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act relating to affiliated transactions and custody. The Fund’s custodian also serves as the custodian to the Subsidiary.

 

Investment advisers to the Subsidiary will also comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act regarding investment advisory contracts and are considered investment advisers to the Fund under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s Advisor, Sub-Advisor, and Trading Advisor are also the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, and Trading Advisor of the Subsidiary.

 

Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in convertible securities. Convertible securities are “hybrid” securities that possess both fixed income and equity characteristics. A convertible security is a bond, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into a prescribed amount of common stock at a pre-stated price. Convertible securities may include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, or warrants. By investing in convertible securities, the Fund seeks the opportunity to participate in the capital appreciation of underlying stocks, while at the same time relying on a fixed income aspect of the convertible security to provide current income and reduced price volatility, which can limit the risk of loss in a down equity market.

 

72

 

 

The Fund will generally invest primarily in investment-grade instruments. The Fund may also invest opportunistically in non-rated securities that are considered by the Fund’s portfolio managers to be equivalent to investment-grade securities, which at times may represent a significant share of the Fund’s overall portfolio. The Fund may invest in U.S. companies of any market capitalization without limit; however, the Fund expects to invest primarily in large capitalization companies. The Fund may invest across sectors, and at times might have individual positions that in the aggregate result in significant exposures to specific sectors, such as the information technology sector. While there are no restrictions on maturity, under normal market conditions, the Fund’s portfolio is generally expected to have a dollar-weighted average maturity of less than five years. The Fund may invest in securities of any duration (i.e., the sensitivity of a fixed income security’s price to interest rate changes) without limit.

 

The Sub-Advisor will structure the Fund’s portfolio based on its macroeconomic views and will seek to take advantage of perceived secular (longer term) and cyclical themes across all industry sectors. The Sub-Advisor approaches investment decisions primarily from an equity analysis perspective given that historically equity sensitivity has been the primary driver of returns of the convertible securities asset class. The Sub-Advisor establishes a view on the intrinsic value of a company and then examines the overall capital structure of that company to identify potential mis-pricings. The selection process focuses on individual securities as part of a broader secular or cyclical theme, where the Sub-Advisor believes that the risk-adjusted probability of upside appreciation outweighs potential downside. The Sub-Advisor will value securities using a fundamental top-down research approach, which will include scenario analysis to identify potential pricing inefficiencies as well as various risk management techniques to enhance overall portfolio construction. Investment grade convertible securities offer both yield and capital appreciation attributes. The Sub-Advisor identifies companies with attractive yield and income attributes in addition to potential growth opportunities. Moreover, from a capital appreciation perspective, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify strategic companies and disruptive innovators, primarily in the smaller and mid-cap growth space, that are growing rapidly or taking share and are deemed strategic to larger industry players. The Sub-Advisor seeks to build the Fund’s portfolio through exposure to companies across industry sectors and will target yields competitive with the overall convertible bond asset class.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

Rational Special Situations Income Fund

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing in agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, with a focus on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities are collateralized by pools of residential mortgages which are not insured by government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) or government agencies, including the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). Many of the mortgages underlying non-agency mortgage-backed securities are non- conforming (not eligible for GSE or agency purchase) for a variety of reasons, including loan size above GSE limits, incomplete documentation of assets or income, excessive borrower debt-to-income ratio (as defined by the GSEs), or unusual loan terms for which GSEs have not established programs. The Fund’s non-agency mortgage-backed securities investments have a wide variety of payment characteristics and preferences, and can have fixed or floating interest rates. The Fund may also invest in CDOs, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other asset-backed securities, including those backed by credit card receivables, auto loans, aircraft leases and student loans. The Sub-Advisor will allocate the Fund’s investments to asset classes that it views as offering the best values in the marketplace on a relative (risk-adjusted) basis at that time.

 

The Sub-Advisor seeks to identify, through its own proprietary research and analysis, investments that it believes are undervalued and/or have the potential to achieve an above-market yield over the longer term. The investment strategy also seeks to identify “special situations” within fixed income markets, particularly the market for non-agency mortgage-backed securities, where the Fund will make opportunistic investments in securities that may be mispriced due to structural or market driven factors. In this regard, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify complexities, inefficiencies or flaws in the underlying legal and technical structures of certain debt issuances that the Sub-Advisor believes may have gone unnoticed by, or that are being misunderstood by, other market participants, such that the market is undervaluing the expected return. These opportunities that the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify may come in the form of flaws of logic or interpretation in a debt security’s pooling and servicing agreements or bond indentures. The Sub-Advisor seeks to identify and then exploit these opportunities while seeking to limit downside exposure. The Sub-Advisor will seek to remedy issues it has identified in the security through activist strategies, including, in cases where the investment’s cash flows are not being directed properly: (i) bringing the technical issue to the attention of indenture trustees or servicers; (ii) negotiating with the applicable parties to compensate the Fund for the issue; or (iii) through litigation or the threat of litigation. Once a potential special situation investment is identified, the Sub-Advisor estimates various factors, including the investment’s anticipated baseline return, potential upside, probability of upside scenario and investment horizon. Based on this analysis and the market opportunity in terms of outstanding issue size and ability to source the security, the Fund’s investment will be sized based on the Sub-Advisor’s discretion.

 

73

 

 

The implementation of the Sub-Advisor’s “special situations” activist strategies will from time to time cause the Fund to incur special litigation expenses, and the success of the strategies including recovery of such expenses, through the receipt of settlement or judgment amounts, may not occur or may involve longer time frames than originally expected. Investors that redeem shares of the Fund prior to the Fund’s realization of desired investment returns or recovery of litigation expenses may not experience the full intended benefit of the activist strategy and may not experience the same investment returns as investors that did not redeem their shares.

 

The Fund does not limit its investments to a particular credit quality and may invest without limitation in debt securities rated below investment grade (commonly referred to as “junk” bonds). Below investment grade securities include those rated, at the time of purchase, below Baa3 by Moody’s Investor Services or equivalently by another NRSRO, as well as non-rated securities determined by the Sub-Advisor to be of comparable quality. The securities underlying the mortgage- and asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests may include distressed debt securities (i.e., underlying loans and assets that are in default or likely to default). An NRSRO will consider the underlying loans or assets collateralizing a mortgage- or asset-backed security when determining the credit rating of such security. The Sub-Advisor will also consider the security’s credit rating when evaluating the security for investment by the Fund.

 

In managing the Fund’s investments, the Sub-Advisor seeks to construct an investment portfolio with a weighted average maturity that ranges between 1 and 30 years and a weighted average effective duration that ranges between -9 and 9 years. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates. For example, a five year duration means that the fixed income security will decrease in value by 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 5% if interest rates fall 1%. Effective duration is a measure of the Fund’s portfolio duration adjusted for the anticipated effect of interest rate changes on bond and mortgage pre-payment rates. Certain mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest such as interest-only securities and related derivatives have “negative duration.” This means that the value of these instruments normally increases as interest rates increase, unlike most other debt instruments. This generally allows some portion of the portfolio’s market risk to be hedged with a purchase, rather than a short sale, and allows the portfolio to realize positive cash flows on the hedge as a result of interest received with respect to that security.

 

The Fund may also invest in U.S. Treasury and agency securities, structured notes, and over-the-counter (OTC) and exchange-traded derivative instruments. The Fund will use derivatives for hedging purposes. The Fund may hedge against rising interest rates through interest rate swaps, interest rate-linked futures and call and put options on interest rate futures. The Fund may hedge against rising default rates through credit default swaps, total return swaps linked to an asset or asset class representative of the default risks faced by the Fund, and credit spread options.

 

Swap agreements, such as interest rate, total return and credit default swaps, are contracts between the Fund and another party (the swap counterparty) involving the exchange of payments on specified terms over periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant (FCM) and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap). In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of underlying instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given instruments or at given interest rates.

 

For credit default swaps, the “buyer” of the credit default swap agreement is obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement in return for a payment by the seller that is contingent upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference debt obligation. The buyer of the credit default swap is purchasing the obligation of its counterparty to offset losses the buyer could experience if there was such a credit event. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, obligation acceleration or default, or repudiation or restructuring of the reference debt obligation. The contingent payment by the seller generally is either the face amount of the reference debt obligation in exchange for the physical delivery of the reference debt obligation or a cash payment equal to the decrease in market value of the reference debt obligation following the occurrence of the credit event.

 

74

 

 

An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange interest rate payment obligations. Typically, one rate is based on an interest rate fixed to maturity while the other is based on an interest rate that changes in accordance with changes in a designated benchmark (for example, LIBOR, prime, commercial paper, or other benchmarks).

 

A total return swap is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices, during the specified period, in return for periodic payments.

 

A futures contract is a standard binding agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying instrument or asset, such as a specific currency or an interest-rate bearing asset, at a specified price at a specified later date that trade on an exchange.

 

A call option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to buy, and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. Conversely, a put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the seller of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying instrument at the exercise price. For example, when the investment manager expects the price of a stock held by the Fund to decline in value, the Fund may also purchase put options that are expected to increase in value as the market price of the stock declines to hedge against such anticipated decline in value.

 

A credit spread option is an alternative option writing strategy which involves selling or “writing” an option and also purchasing another option on the same underlying security. The option that is written is sold at a higher price than the cost of the option that is purchased, thereby creating a credit. Unlike writing uncovered options, where the potential for unlimited loss exists, the maximum loss is limited to the amount of the difference between the strike prices of the two options in the spread. Any loss would be further reduced by the amount of the credit received, less commissions and fees.

 

The Fund concentrates its investments in the mortgage-backed securities industry, which includes agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the“1940 Act”), which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

Distribution Policy and Goals:

 

The Fund’s distribution policy is to make monthly distributions to shareholders. All income will be distributed monthly regardless of whether such income will be treated as return of capital.

 

The Fund generally distributes to shareholders substantially all of its net income (for example, interest and dividends) monthly as well as substantially all of its net capital gains (that is, long-term capital gains from the sale of portfolio securities and short-term capital gains from both the sale of portfolio securities and option premium earned) annually. In addition, pursuant to its distribution policy, the Fund may make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Return of capital is the portion of a distribution that is the return of your original investment dollars in the Fund. A return of capital is not taxable to a shareholder unless it exceeds a shareholder’s tax basis in its shares.

 

Returns of capital reduce a shareholder’s tax cost (or “tax basis”). Once a shareholder’s tax basis is reduced to zero, any excess will be treated as gain from the sale of shares. Shareholders receiving periodic payments from the Fund may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits. However, all or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital (i.e. from your original investment). Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net profit. Shareholders should note that return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their shares and potentially increase the capital gain (or reduce capital loss), if any, upon disposition of their shares. As required under the 1940 Act, the Fund will provide a notice to shareholders at the time of distribution when such distribution does not consist solely of net income. Additionally, each distribution payment will be accompanied by a written statement which discloses the estimated source or sources of each distribution. The IRS requires you to report these amounts, excluding returns of capital, on your income tax return for the year declared. The Fund will provide disclosures, with each monthly distribution, that estimate the percentages of the current and year to-date distributions that represent (1) net investment income, (2) capital gains and (3) return of capital. At the end of the year, the Fund may be required under applicable law to re-characterize distributions made previously during that year among (1) ordinary income, (2) capital gains and (3) return of capital for tax purposes. An additional distribution may be made in December, and other additional distributions may be made with respect to a particular fiscal year in order to comply with applicable law. Distributions declared in December, if paid to shareholders by the end of January, are treated for federal income tax purposes as if received in December.

 

75

 

 

Rational Inflation Growth Fund

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in securities that the Sub-Advisor, expects to increase in value with increased U.S. inflation or with expectations of higher U.S. inflation in the future. During times of elevated inflation or inflation expectations, certain sectors and asset classes may generate attractive returns. The Fund primarily invests in the common stock of companies within sectors and/or asset classes that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a strong positive correlation to inflation, including, but not limited to, real estate, infrastructure, energy and commodities. The Sub-Advisor seeks to invest the Fund’s assets in such sectors and/or asset classes when concerns about inflation are anticipated to lead to positive returns.

 

The Fund may invest in the common stocks of domestic and foreign companies listed on a U.S. exchange, including ADRs and REITs, and may invest in companies of any market capitalization. An ADR is a certificate issued by a U.S. bank that represents shares in foreign stock and is denominated in U.S. dollars. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interest. The Fund may also invest in ETFs to gain exposure to a sector or asset class when obtaining the desired exposure is not available through investment in common stocks or when investment indirectly through an ETF would otherwise be beneficial to the Fund. These ETFs may invest in derivative instruments such as futures, options and swaps.

 

The portfolio consists of allocations to sectors and/or asset classes, such as those listed above, that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a strong positive correlation to U.S. inflation. The selection of investments within each sector or asset class is based on a dynamic proprietary methodology that seeks to identify stocks that will appreciate when inflation, or market-derived expectations about future inflation, rise. The Fund will diversify its holding within each sector. From time to time, the Fund may also sell short ETFs invested in sectors or asset classes that the Sub-Advisor believes to have a negative correlation to inflation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund is not obligated to maintain exposure to all, or any particular, sectors or asset classes noted above, and may be lacking exposure to a particular sector or asset class at a time when such exposure would have been advantageous.

 

The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the“1940 Act”), which means a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions

 

From time to time, the Funds may take temporary defensive positions, which are inconsistent with the Funds’ principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. For example, a Fund may hold all or a portion of their respective assets in money market instruments, including cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, other investment grade fixed income securities, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, commercial paper, money market funds and repurchase agreements. While a Fund is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. If a Fund invests in a money market fund, the shareholders of the Fund generally will be subject to duplicative management fees. Although a Fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the Fund will be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. The Funds also may also invest in money market instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.

 

NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

In addition to the principal investment strategies discussed above, the Funds may invest in other investment companies, including affiliated funds.

 

Rational Equity Armor Fund will consider the securities held by other investment companies in which the Fund invests when determining compliance with its policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity securities.

 

Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund will consider the securities held by other investment companies in which the Fund invests when determining compliance with its policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in convertible securities.

 

76

 

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS

 

All mutual funds carry a certain amount of risk. As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its objective. Investment markets are unpredictable and there will be certain market conditions where the Fund will not meet its investment objective and will lose money. Each Fund’s net asset value and returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund and those losses could be significant. An investment in the Fund is not a complete investment program. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

The following chart summarizes the principal risks and non-principal risks of each Fund. These risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of a Fund and your investment. The risk descriptions below provide a more detailed explanation of the principal and non-principal investment risks that correspond to the risks described in each Fund’s Fund Summary section of the Prospectus.

 

Key:

Principal Risk: ●

Non-Principal Risk: ○

Not Applicable: —

 

 

Rational Equity

Armor Fund

Rational Tactical Return Fund Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Rational/ ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Rational/

Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Rational Special Situations Income Fund Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Activist Strategies Risk
ADR Risk
Advisor’s Potential Conflict Risk
Affiliated Investment Company Risk
Allocation Risk
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Bank Loans Risk
Basic Materials Industry Risk
Buyback Strategy Risk
Business Development Companies (“BDC”) Risk
Call Risk
Call Options Risk
Capacity Risk

 

77

 

 

 

Rational Equity

Armor Fund

Rational Tactical Return Fund Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Rational/ ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Rational/

Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Rational Special Situations Income Fund Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk
CDOs and CLOs Risk
Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions Risk
Class/Sector/ Region/ Focus Risk
Collateralized Bond Obligation Risk
Commodities-Related Investment Risk
Commodity Risk
Commodity Tax Risk
Concentration Risk

Conflict of Interest – Advisors/

Sub-Advisors Risk

Conflict of Interest – Portfolio Manager Risk
Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk
Consumer Staples Sector Risk
Convertible Bond Risk
Convertible Securities Risk
Correlation Risk
Counterparty Risk
Credit Default Swap Risk
Credit Risk
Credit Spread Options Risk
Currency Risk
Cybersecurity Risk
Derivatives Risk
Distribution Policy Risk

 

78

 

 

 

Rational Equity

Armor Fund

Rational Tactical Return Fund Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Rational/ ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Rational/

Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Rational Special Situations Income Fund Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Dividend Yield Risk
Duration Risk
Emerging Market Risk
Energy and Infrastructure Industry Risk
Energy Sector Risk
Equity Security Risk
ETF Risk
ETNs Risk
Extension Risk
Financials Sector Risk
Fixed Income Risk
Floating Rate Loans Risk
Foreign Exchanges Risk
Foreign Investment Risk
Forwards Risk
Futures Risk
Geographic Concentration Risk
Growth Stock Risk
Healthcare Sector Risk
Hedging Risk
Income Risk
Index Risk
Industrials Sector Risk
Inflation-Indexed Bond Risk
Inflation Protected Securities Risk
Information Technology Sector Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Inverse ETF and ETN Risk
IPO Risk

 

79

 

 

 

Rational Equity

Armor Fund

Rational Tactical Return Fund Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Rational/ ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Rational/

Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Rational Special Situations Income Fund Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Investment Style Risk
Issuer-Specific Risk
Junk Bond Risk
Large Capitalization Stock Risk
Leverage Risk
Leveraged ETF Risk
Limited History of Operations Risk
Liquidity Risk
Litigation Risk
Loan Risk
Machinery and Electrical Equipment Industry Risk
Managed Volatility Risk
Management Risk
Market Capitalization Risk
Market Risk
Market Volatility-Linked ETFs Risk
Medium (Mid) Capitalization Stock Risk
Micro Capitalization Risk
MLP and MLP-Related Securities Risk
MLP Tax Risk
Model and Data Risk
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Municipal Bond Risk
Non-Diversification Risk
Options Market Risk

 

80

 

 

 

Rational Equity

Armor Fund

Rational Tactical Return Fund Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Rational/ ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

Rational/

Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

Rational Special Situations Income Fund Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Options Risk
OTC Trading Risk
Preferred Stock Risk
Prepayment Risk
Real Estate and REIT Risk
Regulatory Risk
Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk
Restricted Securities Risk
Risk Management Risk
Sector Risk
Security Risk
Segregation Risk
Short Position Risk
Small Capitalization Stock Risk
Sovereign Debt Risk
Structured Note Risk
Swaps Risk
Total Return Swap Risk
Target Volatility Strategy Risk
Turnover Risk
Underlying Fund Risk
U.S. Government Obligations Risk
Utilities Sector Risk
Value Investing Risk
Volatility Risk
Wholly Owned Subsidiary Risk

 

81

 

 

Activist Strategies Risk. As part of the Fund’s principal investment strategy, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify “special situations” where it can seek to remedy legal, technical or structural issues it has identified in the securities held by the Fund through activist strategies, including through litigation or the threat of litigation. Such activist strategies may not be successful and may have a negative impact on the Fund, including causing the Fund to incur legal related costs and expenses and portfolio turnover if the Sub-Advisor determines to sell such securities. In addition, realization of desired investment returns, or recovery of related expenses may involve longer time frames than originally expected so investors who redeem shares may bear such expenses without experiencing the desired investment returns.

 

Advisor’s Potential Conflict Risk. Because the Advisor or an affiliate is primarily responsible for managing both the Fund and the Underlying Funds, the Advisor is subject to conflicts of interest with respect to how it allocates the Fund’s assets among the Underlying Funds. The Advisor may have an incentive to allocate the Fund’s assets to those Affiliated Funds for which the net advisory fees payable to the Advisor are higher than the fees payable by other Affiliated Funds.

 

American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) Risk. ADRs, which are typically issued by a bank, are certificates that evidence ownership of shares of a foreign company and are alternatives to purchasing foreign securities directly in their national markets and currencies. ADRs are subject to the same risks as direct investment in foreign companies and involve risks that are not found in investments in U.S. companies. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities discussed below, there is no guarantee that an ADR issuer will continue to offer a particular ADR. As a result, a Fund may have difficulty selling the ADR, or selling them quickly and efficiently at the prices at which they have been valued. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign company assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees. Under an unsponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign company assumes no obligations and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid directly by the ADR holders. Because unsponsored ADR arrangements are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign company, available information concerning the foreign company may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs and voting rights with respect to the deposited securities are not passed through. ADRs may not track the price of the underlying foreign securities on which they are based, and their value may change materially at times when U.S. markets are not open for trading. Certain ADRs are not listed on an exchange and therefore may be considered to be illiquid. Because ADRs are denominated in US dollars, they are also subject to currency risk, as movements in the exchange rate of the local currency of the foreign issuer versus the US dollar are automatically reflected in the price of the ADR in US dollars. Therefore, even if the price of the foreign security does not change on its local market, if the exchange rate of the local currency relative to the US dollar declines, the ADR price would decline by a similar measure.

 

Affiliated Investment Company Risk. The Funds invest in affiliated underlying funds (the “Affiliated Funds”), unaffiliated underlying funds, or a combination of both. The Advisor, therefore, is subject to conflicts of interest in allocating each Fund’s assets among the underlying funds. The Advisor will receive more revenue to the extent it selects an Affiliated Fund rather than an unaffiliated fund for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the Advisor may have an incentive to allocate the Fund’s assets to those Affiliated Funds for which the net advisory fees payable to the Advisor are higher than the fees payable by other Affiliated Funds.

 

Allocation Risk. Allocation risk refers to the risk that if a Fund’s strategy for allocating assets among different asset classes does not work as intended, the Fund may not achieve its objective or may underperform other funds with the same or similar investment strategy.

 

Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed securities may be subject to prepayment risk. If interest rates fall, the underlying debt may be repaid ahead of schedule, reducing the value of the Fund’s investments. As a result, the Fund may reinvest these early payments at lower interest rates, thereby reducing the Fund’s income. If interest rates rise, there may be fewer prepayments, which would cause the average bond maturity to rise, increasing the potential for the Fund to lose money and causing the price of the asset-backed securities, and the Fund’s net asset value per share, to fall. Asset-backed securities are also subject to extension risk. The prices of asset-backed securities may decrease more than prices of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise. The value of asset-backed securities may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, the market’s perception of issuers, and the creditworthiness of the parties involved. The ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend on the ability of the Advisor or Sub-Advisor to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. The Advisor’s or Sub-Advisor’s assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality, default rates and loss rates may prove to be overly optimistic. These securities may have a structure that makes their reaction to interest rate changes and other factors difficult to predict, making their value highly volatile. The more senior security classes are generally entitled to receive payment before the subordinate classes if the cash flow generated by the underlying assets is not sufficient to pay all investors. Asset-backed securities may be secured by pools of loans, such as student loans, automobile loans, equipment leases, and credit card receivables. The credit risk on such securities is affected by borrowers or lessees defaulting on their payments. The values of assets underlying asset-backed securities may decline and, therefore, may not be adequate to cover underlying investors. Possible legislation in the area of credit cards and other loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Fund may invest could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments. To the extent the Fund focuses its investments in particular types of asset-backed securities, the Fund may be more susceptible to risk factors affecting such types of securities.

 

82

 

 

Bank Loans Risk. The market for bank loans may not be highly liquid and a Fund may have difficulty selling them. These investments expose a Fund to the credit risk of both the financial institution and the underlying borrower. Bank loans settle on a delayed basis, potentially leading to the sale proceeds of such loans not being available to meet redemptions for a substantial period of time after the sale of the bank loans. Certain bank loans may not be considered “securities” under the federal securities laws and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the protections of such laws, including anti-fraud provisions.

 

Basic Materials Industry Risk. To the extent that a Fund’s investments are exposed to issuers conducting business in basic materials, the Fund is subject to the risk that the securities of such issuers will underperform the market as a whole due to legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions and/or increased competition affecting that economic sector. World events, political, environmental and economic conditions, energy conservation, environmental policies, commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources and labor relations may adversely affect such issuers. The prices of the securities of basic materials companies also may fluctuate widely in response to such events.

 

Buyback Strategy Risk. The share buyback strategy is based on the premise that stocks of companies that announce share buybacks will perform well because share buybacks are a signal to the market that the management of a company believes the company’s shares are undervalued. This positive signal to the market may cause the value of the shares to rise after the share buyback announcement. However, the announcement of a share buyback and other selection criteria used in selecting portfolio securities may not be accurate predictors of future share performance. A Fund’s returns will be adversely affected if the Advisor selects stocks that subsequently decline in value.

 

Call Risk. Issuers of securities may redeem the securities prior to maturity at a price below their current market value.

 

Business Development Companies (“BDC”) Risk. BDCs may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. BDC company securities are not redeemable at the option of the shareholder and they may trade in the market at a discount to their net asset value. A BDC is a form of investment company that is required to invest at least 70% of its total assets in securities (typically debt) of private companies, thinly traded U.S. public companies, or short-term high-quality debt securities. The BDCs held by the Fund may leverage their portfolios through borrowings or the issuance of preferred stock. While leverage often serves to increase the yield of a BDC, this leverage also subjects a BDC to increased risks, including the likelihood of increased volatility and the possibility that a BDC’s common share income will fall if the dividend rate of the preferred shares or the interest rate on any borrowings rises. A significant portion of a BDC’s investments are recorded at fair value as determined by its board of directors which may create uncertainty as to the value of the BDC’s investments. Non-traded BDCs are illiquid and it may not be possible to redeem shares without paying a substantial penalty or at all. Publicly traded BDCs usually trade at a discount to their net asset value because they invest in unlisted securities and have limited access to capital markets. BDCs are subject to high failure rates among the companies in which they invest and federal securities laws impose restraints upon the organization and operations of BDCs that can limit or negatively impact the performance of a BDC. However, the Fund does not believe it would be liable for the actions of any entity in which it invests and that only its investment is at risk. Also, BDCs may engage in certain principal and joint transactions that a mutual fund or closed-end fund may not without an exemptive order from the SEC.

 

Capacity Risk. The markets and securities in which a Fund invests may, at times, be limited. Under such conditions, the execution of the Fund’s strategy may be affected and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. In addition, the Fund may not be able to purchase or sell securities at favorable market prices.

 

Cash or Cash Equivalents Risk. At times, the Fund may have significant investments in cash or cash equivalents. When a substantial portion of a portfolio is held in cash or cash equivalents, there is the risk that the value of the cash account, including interest, will not keep pace with inflation, thus reducing purchasing power over time. Additionally, in rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

 

CDOs and CLOs Risk. Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are securities backed by an underlying portfolio of debt and loan obligations, respectively. CDOs and CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease of market value due to collateral defaults and removal of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults and investor aversion to CDO and CLO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CDOs and CLOs depend largely on the tranche held by a Fund and the types of underlying debts and loans in such tranche of the CDO or CLO, respectively. The risks of CDOs and CLOs will be greater if a Fund invests in CDOs and CLOs that hold debt or loans of uncreditworthy borrowers or if the Fund holds subordinate tranches of the CDO or CLO that absorb losses from the defaults before senior tranches. CDOs and CLOs are also subject to additional risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk and credit risk.

 

83

 

 

Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions Risk. Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) attempted to support the U.S. economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate at a low level. In recent years, the Federal Reserve and other foreign central banks began “tapering” their quantitative easing programs, leading to fluctuations in the federal funds rate. However, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 the Federal Reserve announced cuts to the federal funds rate and a new round of quantitative easing. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of these rate changes and any future rate changes on various markets. Interest rate increases could cause the value of a Fund that invests in fixed income securities to decrease. Federal Reserve policy changes may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of a Fund’s investments and share price to decline. If a Fund invests in derivatives tied to fixed-income markets, the Fund may be more substantially exposed to these risks than a fund that does not invest in derivatives. To the extent a Fund experiences high redemptions because of these policy changes, the Fund may experience increased portfolio turnover, which will increase the costs the Fund incurs and may lower its performance. Furthermore, if rising interest rates cause a Fund to lose enough value, the Fund could also face increased shareholder redemptions, which could force the Fund to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times or prices, therefore adversely affecting the Fund. In addition, decreases in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may persist in the future, potentially leading to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets.

 

Class/Sector/Region Focus Risk. If a Fund invests more than 25% of its net assets in a particular asset class, or securities of issuers within a particular market sector or geographic region, it is subject to increased risk. Performance will generally depend on the performance of the class, sector or region, which may differ in direction and degree from that of the overall U.S. stock or bond markets. In addition, financial, economic, business and political developments affecting the class, sector or region may have a greater effect on the Fund.

 

Collateralized Bond Obligation Risk. The pool of securities underlying collateralized bond obligations is typically separated in groupings called tranches representing different degrees of credit quality. The higher quality tranches have greater degrees of protection and pay lower interest rates. The lower quality tranches carry greater risk and pay higher interest rates.

 

Commodities-Related Investment Risk. Neither the Advisor nor the Funds anticipate being subject to registration or regulation by the CFTC as a commodity pool, commodity pool operator (“CPO”) (except with respect to Rational Equity Armor Fund, Rational Tactical Return Fund, Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, and Rational Strategic Allocation Fund) or a commodity trading adviser (“CTA”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) as a result of the Funds’ commodities-related investments. However, should the Advisor or the Funds be deemed to fall under these categories, then the Advisor would be subject to registration and regulation in its capacity as the Fund’s CPO or CTA, and the Funds would be subject to regulation as a commodity pool under the CEA. A Fund may incur additional expenses as a result of the registration and regulation obligations and certain investments may be limited or restricted.

 

Commodity Risk. A Fund’s exposure to the commodities futures markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments, commodity-based notes may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or sectors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments.

 

Commodity Tax Risk. The tax treatment of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be adversely affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of the Fund from certain commodity-linked derivatives was treated as non-qualifying income, the Fund might fail to qualify as a regulated investment company and be subject to federal income tax at the Fund level. The Fund intends to invest in commodity-linked notes indirectly through the Subsidiary. Should the Internal Revenue Service issue further guidance, or Congress enact legislation, that adversely affects the tax treatment of the Fund’s use of commodity-linked notes or the Subsidiary (which guidance might be applied to the Fund retroactively), it could, among other consequences, limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy.

 

Concentration Risk. A Fund that concentrates its investments in a sector, industry or group of industries is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting such sector, industry or group of industries than a Fund that invests its assets more broadly.

 

84

 

 

Conflict of Interest - Advisors/Sub-Advisors Risk. The Advisor, Sub-Advisors, and other individuals associated with the Advisor and Sub-Advisors may have compensation and/or other arrangements that may be in conflict to the interests of a Fund.

 

Conflict of Interest - Portfolio Manager Risk. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other accounts. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds are presented with the following potential conflicts:

 

The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. The management of multiple funds and accounts also may give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts.

 

With respect to securities transactions for the Funds, the Advisor or Sub-Advisors determine which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with the duty to seek best execution of the transaction. The portfolio manager may execute transactions for another fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the Funds. Securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Funds may outperform the securities selected for the Funds.

 

The appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where the Advisor or Sub-Advisor has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee. The management of personal accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest; there is no assurance that the Funds’ code of ethics will adequately address such conflicts. One of the portfolio manager’s numerous responsibilities is to assist in the sale of Fund shares. Because the portfolio manager’s compensation is indirectly linked to the sale of Fund shares, they may have an incentive to devote time to marketing efforts designed to increase sales of Fund shares

 

The Advisor and each Sub-Advisor has adopted a code of ethics that, among other things, permits personal trading by employees under conditions where it has been determined that such trades would not adversely impact client accounts. Nevertheless, the management of personal accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, and there is no assurance that these codes of ethics will adequately address such conflicts.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of domestic and international economies, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence, changes in demographics and consumer preferences. Companies in the consumer discretionary sector depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending, and may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing campaigns. These companies may be subject to severe competition, which may have an adverse impact on their profitability.

 

Consumer Staples Sector Risk. The consumer staples sector may be affected by the regulation of various product components and production methods, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Tobacco companies, in particular, may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. The consumer staples sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors.

 

Convertible Bond Risk. Convertible bonds are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to fixed income security risks and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible bonds are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible bonds are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible bonds may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible bond is called for redemption, the Funds will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company’s common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Funds. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer’s failure to meet the market’s expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates. When a convertible bond’s value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stock’s price.

 

85

 

 

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities, such as convertible preferred stocks, subject the Funds to the risks associated with both fixed-income securities and equity securities. If a convertible security’s investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will likely increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security.

 

Correlation Risk. There is no guarantee that the value of the Fund’s investments will increase with inflation or with the expectation of higher inflation in the future. It is possible that the Fund’s investments may be negatively correlated with inflation trends or show no such correlation at all, either because the estimate of correlation by the Sub-Advisor or its proprietary model was wrong or because the correlation in the market changed. Historic correlation is no guarantee of future correlation.

 

Counterparty Risk. The Funds may engage in transactions in securities and financial instruments that involve counterparties. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty (the other party to a transaction or an agreement or the party with whom a Fund executes transactions) to a transaction with the Funds may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments, or otherwise honor its obligations.

 

Credit Default Swap Risk. Credit default swaps (“CDS”) are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened counterparty, concentration and exposure risks.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security will fail to pay principal and interest in a timely manner, reducing a Fund’s total return. In addition, the credit quality of fixed income securities held by a Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. The issuer of a fixed income security may also default on its obligations. A Fund’s exposure to credit risk may be increased through its investments in high-yield securities commonly known as “junk bonds.” Credit risk may be substantial for a Fund.

 

Currency Risk. Currency trading involves significant risks, including market risk, interest rate risk, country risk, counterparty credit risk and short sale risk. Market risk results from the price movement of foreign currency values in response to shifting market supply and demand. Since exchange rate changes can readily move in one direction, a currency position carried overnight or over a number of days may involve greater risk than one carried a few minutes or hours. Interest rate risk arises whenever a country changes its stated interest rate target associated with its currency. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad. Restrictions on the exchange market or on international transactions are intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate. This risk could include the country issuing a new currency, effectively making the “old” currency worthless. A Fund may also take short positions, through derivatives, if the Advisor or Sub-Advisor believes the value of a currency is likely to depreciate in value. A “short” position is, in effect, similar to a sale in which the Fund sells a currency it does not own but, has borrowed in anticipation that the market price of the currency will decline. The Fund must replace a short currency position by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement, which may be more or less than the price at which the Fund took a short position in the currency.

 

Cybersecurity Risk. The computer systems, networks and devices used by the Funds and their service providers to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized by the Funds and their service providers, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

 

86

 

 

Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact the Funds’ business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV; impediments to trading; the inability of a Fund, the Advisor, a Sub-Advisor and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information.

 

Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests; counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for the Fund’s shareholders); and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.

 

Derivatives Risk. A Fund may use derivatives to enhance returns or hedge against market declines. A Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset. Derivatives may also be less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. In addition, changes in government regulation of derivative instruments could affect the character, timing and amount of the Fund’s taxable income or gains, and may limit or prevent the Fund from using certain types of derivative instruments as a part of its investment strategy, which could make the investment strategy more costly to implement or require the Fund to change its investment strategy. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the risk of the underlying asset being hedged. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events and changes in interest rates, inflation and deflation. Trading derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities including:

 

Call Options Risk. There are risks associated with the sale and purchase of call options. As the seller (writer) of a covered call option, the Fund assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise option price. The Fund continues to bear the risk that it will lose money if the value of the security falls below the strike price. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund assumes the risk that the market price of the underlying security will not increase above the strike price plus the premiums paid, so the Fund bears the risk that it will lose the premium paid for the option.

 

Credit Default Swap Risk. Credit default swaps (“CDS”) are typically two-party financial contracts that transfer credit exposure between the two parties. Under a typical CDS, one party (the “seller”) receives pre-determined periodic payments from the other party (the “buyer”). The seller agrees to make compensating specific payments to the buyer if a negative credit event occurs, such as the bankruptcy or default by the issuer of the underlying debt instrument. The use of CDS involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions, such as potentially heightened counterparty, concentration and exposure risks.

 

Credit Spread Options Risk. The Fund’s credit spread options positions expose the Fund to leverage risk because a small investment may produce large changes in Fund value. Additionally, the Fund’s credit spread options positions expose the Fund to losses limited by the spread’s price differential, which is the difference between the strike prices less the net credits from writing a call (put) option while buying a call (put) option at a higher (lower) strike price.

 

87

 

 

Counterparty Risk. The Fund may engage in transactions in securities and financial instruments that involve counterparties. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty (the other party to a transaction or an agreement or the party with whom the Fund executes transactions) to a transaction with the Fund may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments, or otherwise honor its obligations.

 

Forwards Risk. Foreign currency forward contracts are a type of derivative contract whereby a Fund may agree to buy or sell a country’s or region’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. These contracts are subject to the risk of political and economic factors applicable to the countries issuing the underlying currencies and may fall in value due to foreign market downswings or foreign currency value fluctuations. Forward foreign currency contracts are individually negotiated and privately traded so they are dependent upon the creditworthiness of the counterparty and subject to counterparty risk. The Fund’s investment or hedging strategies may not achieve their objective.

 

Futures Risk. A Fund’s use of futures involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and exposes a Fund to the risks associated with derivative instruments described above. These risks include (i) leverage risk (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the futures contract may not correlate perfectly with the underlying index. Investments in futures involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in futures can have a disproportionately large impact on a Fund. This risk could cause a Fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, futures contracts may become mispriced or improperly valued relative to the Advisor’s or Sub-Advisor’s expectation and may not produce the desired investment results. Additionally, changes in the value of futures contracts may not track or correlate perfectly with the underlying reference asset because of temporary, or even long-term, supply and demand imbalances. Most U.S. commodity futures exchanges impose daily limits regulating the maximum amount above or below the previous day’s settlement price which a futures contract price may fluctuate during a single day. During a single trading day, no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased to the limit point, it may be difficult, costly or impossible to liquidate a position. It is also possible that an exchange or the CFTC, which regulates commodity futures exchanges, may suspend trading in a particular contract, order immediate settlement of a contract or order that trading to the liquidation of open positions only.

 

Hedging Risk. Hedging is a strategy in which a Fund uses a security or derivative to reduce the risks associated with other Fund holdings. There can be no assurance that a Fund’s hedging strategy will reduce risk or that hedging transactions will be either available or cost effective. A Fund is not required to use hedging and may choose not to do so.

 

Leverage and Volatility Risk. Derivative contracts ordinarily have leverage inherent in their terms. The low margin deposits normally required in trading derivatives permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the Fund. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations or to meet collateral segregation requirements. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify a Fund’s potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price.

 

Liquidity Risk. It is possible that particular derivative investments might be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing a Fund from executing positions at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring it to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations.

 

Options Market Risk. Markets for options and options on futures may not always operate on a fair and orderly basis. At times, prices for options and options on futures may not represent fair market value and prices may be subject to manipulation, which may be extreme under some circumstances. The dysfunction and manipulation of volatility and options markets may make it difficult for a Fund to effectively implement its investment strategy and achieve its objectives and could potentially lead to significant losses.

 

88

 

 

Options Risk. There are risks associated with the sale and purchase of call and put options. Generally, options may not be an effective hedge because they may have imperfect correlation to the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities. Additionally, the underlying reference instrument on which the option is based may have imperfect correlation to the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities. As the buyer of a call option, a Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not rise above the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. As the buyer of a put option, a Fund risks losing the entire premium invested in the option if the underlying reference instrument does not fall below the strike price, which means the option will expire worthless. Additionally, purchased options may decline in value due to changes in price of the underlying reference instrument, passage of time and changes in volatility. As a seller (writer) of a put option, a Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument falls below the strike price. As a seller (writer) of a call option, a Fund will lose money if the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above the strike price. A Fund’s losses are potentially large in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in a written call transaction. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account. Because option premiums paid or received by a Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities.

 

Swaps Risk. A Fund may use swaps to enhance returns and manage risk. A Fund’s use of swaps involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and exposes the Fund to the risks associated with derivative instruments described above. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on the “notional amount” of predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. Swaps can involve greater risks than direct investment in securities, because swaps may be leveraged and subject to counterparty risk (e.g., the risk of a counterparty’s defaulting on the obligation or bankruptcy), credit risk and pricing risk (i.e., swaps may be difficult to value). Swaps are also subject to non-correlation risk because they may not be perfect substitutes for the instruments they are intended to hedge or replace. Swaps may also be considered illiquid. It may not be possible for the Fund to liquidate a swap position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

 

Total Return Swap Risk. A total return swap is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities, or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The primary risks associated with total returns swaps are credit risk (if the counterparty fails to meet its obligations) and liquidity risk (if there is no liquid market for the agreement or unfavorable changes occur to the underlying asset).

 

Written Call Option Risk. Selling covered call or stock index options will limit a Fund’s gain, if any, on its underlying securities. Losses on stock index options may only be partially offset by gains in the Fund’s portfolio if the portfolio does not track the call-related stock index. The Fund continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of its underlying stocks. Option premiums are treated as short-term capital gains and when distributed to shareholders, are usually taxable as ordinary income, which may have a higher tax rate than long-term capital gains for shareholders holding Fund shares in a taxable account.

 

89

 

 

Distribution Policy Risk. The Fund’s distribution policy is not designed to generate, and is not expected to result in, distributions that equal a fixed percentage of the Fund’s current net asset value per share. Shareholders receiving periodic payments from the Fund may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits. However, all or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital. Return of capital is the portion of distribution that is a return of your original investment dollars in the Fund. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net profit. Shareholders should note that return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their shares. The Fund will provide disclosures, with each quarterly distribution, that estimate the percentages of the current and year-to-date distributions that represent (1) net investment income, (2) capital gains and (3) return of capital. At the end of the year, the Fund may be required under applicable law to re-characterize distributions made previously during that year among (1) ordinary income, (2) capital gains and (3) return of capital for tax purposes.

 

Dividend Yield Risk. While a Fund may hold securities of companies that have historically paid a dividend, those companies may reduce or discontinue their dividends, thus reducing the yield of the Fund. Lower priced securities in the Fund may be more susceptible to these risks. Past dividend payments are not a guarantee of future dividend payments. Also, the market return of high dividend yield securities, in certain market conditions, may be worse than the market return of other investment strategies or the overall stock market.

 

Duration Risk. Longer-term securities may be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Given the recent, historically low interest rates and the potential for increases in those rates, a heightened risk is posed by rising interest rates to longer-term fixed income securities. Effective duration estimates price changes for relatively small changes in rates. If rates rise significantly, effective duration may tend to understate the drop in a security’s price. If rates drop significantly, effective duration may tend to overstate the rise in a security’s price. Duration should not be confused with maturity. The maturity of a fixed income security is a measure of the amount of time left until the security “matures” or repays its face value. In contrast, duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates rather than the amount of time remaining to maturity. Longer duration tends to result in greater volatility and a greater sensitivity to interest rate changes. For example, a five-year duration means that the fixed income security will decrease in value by 5% if interest rates rise 1% and increase in value by 5% if interest rates fall 1%.

 

Emerging Market Risk. The Fund may invest in countries with newly organized or less developed securities markets. There are typically greater risks involved in investing in emerging markets securities. Generally, economic structures in these countries are less diverse and mature than those in developed countries and their political systems tend to be less stable. Emerging markets countries may have a higher degree of corruption and fraud than developed market countries, as well as counterparties and financial institutions with less financial sophistication, creditworthiness and/or resources. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries, therefore security issuers, including governments, may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market countries may also have higher rates of inflation and more rapid and extreme fluctuations in inflation rates and greater sensitivity to interest rate changes. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Therefore, laws regarding foreign investment in emerging market securities, securities regulation, title to securities, and shareholder rights may change quickly and unpredictably. Emerging markets countries also may have less developed legal systems allowing for enforcement of private property rights and/or redress for injuries to private property, such as bankruptcy. The ability to bring and enforce actions in emerging market countries, or to obtain information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited and shareholder claims may be difficult or impossible to pursue. In addition, the taxation systems at the federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may be less transparent and inconsistently enforced, and subject to sudden change. Further, companies in emerging market countries generally may be subject to less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries and, as a result, the nature and quality of such information may vary. Information about such companies may be less available and reliable and, therefore, the ability to conduct adequate due diligence in emerging markets may be limited which can impede the Fund’s ability to evaluate such companies. In addition, certain emerging market countries have material limitations on Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) inspection, investigation and enforcement capabilities which hinder the ability to engage in independent oversight or inspection of accounting firms located in or operating in certain emerging markets; therefore, there is no guarantee that the quality of financial reporting or the audits conducted by audit firms of emerging market issuers meet PCAOB standards. The potentially smaller size of emerging markets countries’ securities markets and lower trading volumes can make investments relatively illiquid and potentially more volatile than investments in developed countries, and such securities may be subject to abrupt and severe price declines. Due to this relative lack of liquidity, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell a portfolio security at all. An inability to sell a portfolio position can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to meet cash obligations or take advantage of other investment opportunities. Other risks of investing in emerging markets securities may include additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, unexpected market closures, and lack of timely information.

 

90

 

 

Energy and Infrastructure Industry Risk. Companies in the energy and infrastructure industry are subject to many risks that can negatively impact the revenues and viability of companies in this industry. These risks include, but are not limited to, commodity price volatility risk, supply and demand risk, reserve and depletion risk, operations risk, regulatory risk, environmental risk, terrorism risk and the risk of natural disasters.

 

Energy Sector Risk. Risks of energy related securities include the risks that a decrease in the production of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities or a decrease in the volume of such commodities available for transportation, mining, processing, storage or distribution may adversely impact the financial performance of energy related securities. To maintain or grow their revenues, these companies need to maintain or expand their reserves through exploration of new sources of supply, through the development of existing sources, through acquisitions, or through long-term contracts to acquire reserves. The financial performance of energy related securities may be adversely affected if an MLP, or the companies to whom it provides the service, are unable to cost-effectively acquire additional reserves sufficient to replace the natural decline. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may adversely affect the financial performance of energy related securities. Volatility of commodity prices, which may lead to a reduction in production or supply, may also negatively impact the performance of energy related securities. energy related securities are also subject to risks that are specific to the industry they serve. Energy related entities that provide crude oil, refined product, natural gas liquids and natural gas services are subject to supply and demand fluctuations in the markets they serve which will be impacted by a wide range of factors, including fluctuating commodity prices, weather, increased conservation or use of alternative fuel sources, increased governmental or environmental regulation, depletion, rising interest rates, declines in domestic or foreign production, accidents or catastrophic events, and economic conditions, among others.

 

Equity Security Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value. Equity securities may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors affecting securities markets generally, the equity securities of a particular sector, or a particular company. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

ETNs Risk. Similar to ETFs, owning an ETN generally reflects the risks of owning the assets that comprise the underlying market benchmark or strategy that the ETN is designed to reflect. ETNs also are subject to issuer and fixed income risk. In addition, ETNs are subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the broker-dealer or bank that issues the notes will not fulfill its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with the Fund. ETNs constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, and the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such banks or broker-dealers.

 

Extension Risk. Extension risk is the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to, floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.

 

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financial sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. The impact of more stringent capital requirements, recent or future regulation of any individual financial company, or recent or future regulation of the financial sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

 

Fixed Income Risk. The value of the Fund’s fixed income securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by a Fund. In general, the market price of fixed income securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors include credit risk (the risk that the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the risk that the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by a Fund, possibly causing the Fund’s share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.

 

91

 

 

Floating Rate Loans Risk. A Fund may invest in floating rate loans that are senior in the capital structure of the borrower or issuer, and that are secured with specific collateral. Loans that are senior and secured generally involve less risk than unsecured or subordinated debt and equity instruments of the same borrower because the payment of principal and interest on senior loans is an obligation of the borrower that, in most instances, takes precedence over the payment of dividends or the return of capital to the borrower’s shareholders, and payments to bond holders; and because of the collateral supporting the repayment of the debt instrument. However, the value of the collateral may not equal a Fund’s investment when the debt instrument is acquired or may decline below the principal amount of the debt instrument subsequent to the Fund’s investment. Also, to the extent that collateral consists of stocks of the borrower, or its subsidiaries or affiliates, a Fund bears the risk that the stocks may decline in value, be relatively illiquid, or may lose all or substantially all of their value, causing the Fund’s investment to be under-collateralized. Therefore, the liquidation of the collateral underlying a floating rate loan in which a Fund has invested, may not satisfy the borrower’s obligation to the Fund in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal, and the collateral may not be able to be readily liquidated.

 

In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower or issuer, a Fund could experience delays and limitations on its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing the Fund’s investment. Among the risks involved in a bankruptcy are assertions that the pledge of collateral to secure a loan constitutes a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that would have the effect of nullifying or subordinating a Fund’s rights to the collateral.

 

Floating rate loans are also subject to interest rate risk arising from changes in short-term market interest rates. If short-term market interest rates fall, the yield on a Fund’s shares will also fall. Conversely, when short-term market interest rates rise, because of the lag between changes in such short-term rates and the resetting of the floating rates on the floating rate debt in a Fund’s portfolio, the impact of rising rates will be delayed to the extent of such lag. The impact of market interest rate changes on a Fund’s yield will also be affected by whether, and the extent to which, the floating rate debt in the Fund’s portfolio is subject to floors on the LIBOR base rate on which interest is calculated for such loans (a “LIBOR floor”). So long as the base rate for a loan remains under the LIBOR floor, changes in short-term interest rates will not affect the yield on such loans. In addition, to the extent that the interest rate spreads on floating rate debt in a Fund’s portfolio experience a general decline, the yield on the Fund’s shares will fall and the value of the Fund’s assets may decrease, which will cause the Fund’s net asset value to decrease.

 

The floating rate debt in which a Fund invests may be generally rated lower than investment-grade credit quality, i.e., rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or “BBB-” by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), or have been made to borrowers who have issued debt securities that are rated lower than investment-grade in quality or, if unrated, would be rated lower than investment-grade credit quality. Investment decisions for a Fund will be based largely on the credit analysis performed by the Advisor or Sub-Advisor, and not entirely on rating agency evaluation. This analysis may be difficult to perform. Information about a loan and its borrower generally is not in the public domain. Many borrowers have not issued securities to the public and are not subject to reporting requirements under federal securities laws. Generally, however, borrowers are required to provide financial information to lenders and information may be available from other loan market participants or agents that originate or administer loans.

 

On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease sustaining LIBOR after 2021. Although many LIBOR rates were phased out at the end of 2021 as originally intended, a selection of widely used USD LIBOR rates will continue to be published until June 2023 in order to assist with the transition. There remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on a Fund or the Fund’s investments that use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR cannot yet be determined.

 

Foreign Exchanges Risk. A portion of the derivatives trades made by a Fund may be take place on foreign markets. Neither existing CFTC regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. Some of these foreign markets, in contrast to U.S. exchanges, are so-called principals’ markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a commodity interest transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. In these kinds of markets, there is risk of bankruptcy or other failure or refusal to perform by the counterparty.

 

92

 

 

Foreign Investment Risk. To the extent a Fund invest in foreign securities, the Fund could be subject to greater risks because the Fund’s performance may depend on issues other than the performance of a particular company or U.S. market sector. Changes in foreign economies and political climates are more likely to affect a Fund than they would a mutual fund that invests exclusively in U.S. companies. The value of foreign securities is also affected by the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar. There may also be less government supervision of foreign markets, resulting in non-uniform accounting practices and less publicly available information. The values of foreign investments may be affected by changes in exchange control regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in this country or abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between nations. In addition, foreign brokerage commissions, custody fees and other costs of investing in foreign securities are generally higher than in the United States. Investments in foreign issuers could be affected by other factors not present in the United States, including expropriation, armed conflict, confiscatory taxation, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. As a result, a Fund may be exposed to greater risk and will be more dependent on the Advisor’s or Sub-Advisor’s ability to assess such risk than if the Fund invested solely in more developed countries. Additionally, foreign custodial services are generally more expensive in foreign jurisdictions than in the United States. Because the procedures for settling securities transactions in foreign markets differ from those in the United States, it may be more difficult for a Fund to make intended purchases and sales of securities in foreign countries.

 

Geographic Concentration Risk. A Fund may be particularly susceptible to economic, political, regulatory or other events or conditions affecting countries within the specific geographic regions in which the Fund invests. Currency devaluations could occur in countries that have not yet experienced currency devaluation to date, or could continue to occur in countries that have already experienced such devaluations. As a result, the Fund’s net asset value may be more volatile than a more geographically diversified fund.

 

Growth Stock Risk. “Growth” stocks can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole and other types of stocks. “Growth” stocks also tend to be more expensive relative to their earnings or assets compared to other types of stocks. As a result, “growth” stocks tend to be sensitive to changes in their earnings and more volatile in price than the stock market as a whole. In addition, companies that the Advisor or Sub-Advisor believes have significant growth potential are often companies with new, limited or cyclical product lines, markets or financial resources and the management of such companies may be dependent upon one or a few key people. The stocks of such companies can therefore be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies or the stock market in general.

 

Healthcare Sector Risk. The healthcare sector may be affected by government regulations and government healthcare programs, increases or decreases in the cost of medical products and services and product liability claims, among other factors. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may adversely affect that company’s profitability. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may result in price discounting, and may be thinly capitalized and susceptible to product obsolescence.

 

Income Risk. A Fund’s distributions to shareholders may decline when prevailing interest rates fall, when the Fund experiences deterioration of the underlying debt securities it holds, or when the Fund realizes a loss upon the sale of a debt security.

 

Index Risk. If the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index.

 

Industrials Sector Risk. The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by supply and demand related to their specific products or services and industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events, economic conditions and exchange rates may adversely affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Companies in the industrials sector, particularly aerospace and defense companies, may also be adversely affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this sector rely to a significant extent on government demand for their products and services.

 

93

 

 

Inflation-Indexed Bond Risk. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal values are periodically adjusted according to a measure of inflation. If the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation indexed bonds. For bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. With regard to municipal inflation-indexed bonds and certain corporate inflation-indexed bonds, the inflation adjustment is reflected in the semi-annual coupon payment. As a result, the principal value of municipal inflation-indexed bonds and such corporate inflation indexed bonds does not adjust according to the rate of inflation. The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates may rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds may cause a potential cash flow mismatch to investors, because an increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be treated as interest income currently subject to tax at ordinary income rates even though investors will not receive repayment of principal until maturity. If a Fund invests in such bonds, it will be required to distribute such interest income in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and eliminate the Fund-level tax, without a corresponding receipt of cash, and therefore may be required to dispose of portfolio securities at a time when it may not be desirable.

 

Inflation Protected Securities Risk. Inflation-protected debt securities tend to react to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates represent nominal (stated) interest rates reduced by the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an inflation-protected debt security can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on inflation-protected debt securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that bond prices overall, including the prices of securities held by a Fund, will decline over short or even long periods of time due to rising interest rates. Bonds with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rates than bonds with shorter maturities. For example, if interest rates go up by 1.0%, the price of a 4% coupon bond will decrease by approximately 1.0% for a bond with 1 year to maturity and approximately 4.4% for a bond with 5 years to maturity. The maturity and effective duration of a Fund’s investment portfolio may vary materially from its target, from time to time, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve or maintain the target maturity or effective duration of its investment portfolio.

 

Investment Style Risk. The particular type of investments in which a Fund focuses (such as large-capitalization stocks or growth stocks) may underperform other asset classes or the overall market. Individual market segments such as the large-cap, mid-cap and small-cap U.S. equity market segments tend to go through cycles of performing better or worse than other types of securities. These periods may last as long as several years. Additionally, a particular market segment could fall out of favor with investors, causing a Fund that focuses on that market segment to underperform those that favor other kinds of securities.

 

94

 

 

IPO Risk. A Fund may invest in IPOs at the time of the offering and in post-IPO trading. The stocks of such companies are unseasoned equities lacking a trading history, a track record of reporting to investors and widely available research coverage. IPOs are thus often subject to extreme price volatility and speculative trading. Due to limited shares available on the IPO, a Fund purchases most of its holdings in post-IPO trading. These stocks may have above-average price appreciation in connection with the initial public offering prior to inclusion in a Fund. The price of stocks included in a Fund may not continue to appreciate and the performance of these stocks may not replicate the performance exhibited in the past. In addition, IPOs share similar liquidity risks as private equity and venture capital. Such liquidity risks exist when particular investments of a Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing a Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring a Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. The free float shares held by the public in an IPO are typically a small percentage of the market capitalization. The ownership of many IPOs often include large holdings by venture capital and private equity investors who seek to sell their shares in the public market in the months following an IPO when shares restricted by lock-up are released, causing greater volatility and possible downward pressure during the time that lock-up shares are released.

 

Issuer-Specific Risk. The value of the Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of an individual security in the Fund’s portfolio. The net asset value of the Fund will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the securities in which the Fund invests. The Fund invests in securities that may be more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Security prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses, lack of earnings, failure to meet the market’s expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.

 

Junk Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and principal when due and present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond’s issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and a Fund’s share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce a Fund’s ability to sell the bonds in its portfolio (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include “Rule 144A” securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the value of the Fund’s portfolio and net asset value per share.

 

Large Capitalization Stock Risk. Investments in larger, more established companies are subject to the risk that larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors potentially resulting in lower markets for their common stock. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.

 

Leverage Risk. Using derivatives can create leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on a Fund’s net asset value per share and make a Fund’s returns more volatile. The use of leverage may cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to have higher expenses than those of mutual funds that do not use such techniques.

 

Limited History of Operations Risk. The Fund has a limited history of operations for investors to evaluate. Due to the Fund’s small asset size, certain of the Fund’s expenses and its portfolio transaction costs may be higher than those of a fund with a larger asset size. There can be no assurance that a Fund will grow to an economically viable size, in which case a Fund may cease operations. In such an event, investors may be required to liquidate or transfer their investments at a loss.

 

95

 

 

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of a Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing a Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring a Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to timely meet its redemption obligations. Liquid securities can become illiquid due to political, economic or issuer specific events; supply/demand imbalances; changes in a specific market’s size or structure, including the number of participants; or overall market disruptions.

 

Litigation Risk. A Fund may be named in a lawsuit despite no wrongdoing by the Fund, its Advisor or Sub-Advisor or any other service provider to the Fund. The defense of a lawsuit may detrimentally impact the Fund and its shareholders, including incurring legal defense cost, regulatory costs and increased insurance premiums.

 

Loan Risk. Investments in bank loans may subject the Funds to heightened credit risks because such loans tend to be highly leveraged and potentially more susceptible to the risks of interest deferral, default and/or bankruptcy. Senior floating rate loans are often rated below investment grade, but may also be unrated. The risks associated with these loans can be similar to the risks of below investment grade fixed income instruments. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment rate, and a senior floating rate loan may lose significant market value before a default occurs. Moreover, any specific collateral used to secure a senior floating rate loan may decline in value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the loan’s value. Unlike the securities markets, there is no central clearinghouse for loan trades, and the loan market has not established enforceable settlement standards or remedies for failure to settle. Therefore, portfolio transactions in loans may have uncertain settlement time periods. Senior floating rate loans are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this Prospectus, including liquidity risk and the risk of investing in below-investment grade fixed income instruments.

 

Machinery and Electrical Equipment Industry Risk. The machinery and electrical equipment industries can be significantly affected by general economic trends, including employment, economic growth, and interest rates; changes in consumer sentiment and spending; overall capital spending levels, which are influenced by an individual company’s profitability and broader factors such as interest rates and foreign competition; commodity prices; technical obsolescence; labor relations legislation; government regulation and spending; import controls; and worldwide competition. Companies in these industries also can be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.

 

Managed Volatility Risk. Techniques used by the Advisor or Sub-Advisor to manage the volatility of a Fund’s investments carry the risks that such techniques may not protect against market declines. The techniques may also limit the fund’s participation in market gains, particularly during periods where market values are increasing but market volatility is high. Further, such techniques may increase portfolio transaction costs, which could result in losses or reduced gains. They also may not be successful as the techniques are subject to the Advisor’s or Sub-Advisor’s ability to correctly analyze and implement, in a timely manner, the volatility management techniques.

 

Management Risk. The ability of a Fund to meet its investment objective is directly related to the Advisor’s, Sub-Advisor’s, or Trading Advisor’s proprietary investment process, as applicable. The Advisor’s, Sub-Advisor’s, or Trading Advisor’s assessment of the relative value of securities, their attractiveness and potential appreciation of particular investments in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Advisor’s, Sub-Advisor’s, or Trading Advisor’s investment strategy or strategies will produce the desired results. As a result, the Fund could underperform other investment vehicles with similar investment objectives. The Advisor’s assessment of the Sub-Advisor’s or Trading Advisor’s investment acumen may prove incorrect.

 

Market Capitalization Risk. Investing primarily in issuers in one market capitalization category (large, medium or small) carries the risk that due to current market conditions that category may be out of favor with investors. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges or attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies. Stocks of smaller companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies due to, among other things, narrower product lines, more limited financial resources and fewer experienced managers. In addition, there is typically less publicly available information about small capitalization companies, and their stocks may have a more limited trading market than stocks of larger companies.

 

96

 

 

Market Risk. Overall market risks may also affect the value of a Fund. The market values of securities or other investments owned by a Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels, exchange rates and political events affect the securities markets. Changes in market conditions and interest rates generally do not have the same impact on all types of securities and instruments. Unexpected local, regional or global events and their aftermath, such as war; acts of terrorism; financial, political or social disruptions; natural, environmental or man-made disasters; the spread of infectious illnesses or other public health issues; recessions and depressions; or other tragedies, catastrophes and events could have a significant impact on a Fund and its investments and could result in increased premiums or discounts to the Fund’s net asset value, and may impair market liquidity, thereby increasing liquidity risk. Such events can cause investor fear and panic, which can adversely affect the economies of many companies, sectors, nations, regions and the market in general, in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. A Fund could lose money over short periods due to short-term market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. During a general market downturn, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. In times of severe market disruptions you could lose your entire investment.

 

An outbreak of infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, among other things, travel restrictions, closed international borders, enhanced health screenings at ports of entry and elsewhere, disruption of and delays in healthcare service preparation and delivery, prolonged quarantines, significant disruptions to business operations, market closures, cancellations and restrictions, supply chain disruptions, lower consumer demand, and significant volatility and declines in global financial markets, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of COVID-19 has adversely affected, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future could adversely affect, the economies of many nations and the entire global economy, individual issuers and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, the impact of infectious illnesses in emerging market countries may be greater due to generally less established healthcare systems. Public health crises caused by the COVID-19 outbreak may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. The duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects cannot be determined with certainty.

 

Market Volatility-Linked ETFs Risk. ETFs that are linked to market volatility have the risks associated with investing in futures.

 

Medium (Mid) Capitalization Stock Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in the stocks of mid-sized companies, the Fund may be subject to additional risks. The earnings and prospects of these companies are more volatile than larger companies. These companies may experience higher failure rates than larger companies. Mid-sized companies normally have a lower trading volume than larger companies, which may tend to make their market price fall more disproportionately than larger companies in response to selling pressures. Mid-sized companies may also have limited markets, product lines or financial resources and may lack management experience.

 

Micro Capitalization Risk. Micro capitalization companies may be newly formed or have limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources. The risks associated with those investments are generally greater than those associated with investments in the securities of larger, more established companies. This may cause a Fund’s net asset value to be more volatile when compared to investment companies that focus only on large capitalization companies.

 

Generally, securities of micro capitalization companies are more likely to experience sharper swings in market value and generally are more volatile than larger companies. Micro capitalization companies may trade in less liquid markets in which it may be more difficult for the Advisor and/or Sub-Advisor to sell at times and at prices that the Advisor and/or Sub-Advisor believes appropriate. Compared to large companies, micro capitalization companies are more likely to have (i) less information publicly available, (ii) more limited product lines or markets and less mature businesses, (iii) fewer capital resources, (iv) more limited management depth and (v) shorter operating histories. Further, the equity securities of micro capitalization companies are often traded over the counter and generally experience a lower trading volume than is typical for securities that are traded on a national securities exchange. Consequently, the Fund may be required to dispose of these securities over a longer period of time (and potentially at less favorable prices) than would be the case for securities of larger companies, offering greater potential for gains and losses and associated tax consequences.

 

97

 

 

MLP and MLP-Related Securities Risk. Investments in MLPs and MLP-related securities involve risks different from those of investing in common stock including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP or MLP-related security, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between an MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks (which could occur if the MLP raises capital and then invests it in projects whose return fails to exceed the cost of capital raised) and risks related to the general partner’s limited call right. MLPs and MLP-related securities are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the use of MLPs or MLP-related securities could enhance or harm the overall performance of the Fund.

 

MLP Tax Risk. MLPs do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level, subject to the application of certain partnership audit rules. Instead, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law or in the underlying business mix of a given MLP could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in such MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP. Thus, if any of the MLPs owned by the Fund were treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it could result in a reduction of the value of your investment in the Fund and lower income, as compared to an MLP that is not taxed as a corporation

 

Model and Data Risk. Like all quantitative analysis, the investment models utilized by the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, or Trading Advisor, as applicable, carry the risk that the ranking system, valuation results and predictions might be based on one or more incorrect assumptions, insufficient historical data, inadequate design, or may not be suitable for the purpose intended. In addition, models may not perform as intended for many reasons including errors, omissions, imperfections or malfunctions. Because the use of models is usually based on data supplied by third parties, the success of the Advisor’s, Sub-Advisor’s, or Trading Advisor’s use of such models is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied data. Historical data inputs may be subject to revision or corrections, which may diminish data reliability and quality of predictive results. Changing and unforeseen market dynamics could also lead to a decrease in the short-term or long-term effectiveness of a model. Models may lose their predictive validity and incorrectly forecast future market behavior and asset prices, leading to potential losses. No assurance can be given that a model will be successful under all or any market conditions.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities represent participating interests in pools of residential mortgage loans, some of which are guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. However, the guarantee of these types of securities relates to the principal and interest payments and not the market value of such securities. In addition, the guarantee only relates to the mortgage-backed securities held by the Fund and not the purchase of shares of the Fund.

 

Mortgage-backed securities do not have a fixed maturity and their expected maturities may vary when interest rates rise or fall. An increased rate of prepayments on the Fund’s mortgage-backed securities will result in an unforeseen loss of interest income to the Fund as the Fund may be required to reinvest assets at a lower interest rate. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, causing the price of the mortgage-backed securities and the Fund’s net asset value per share to fall and making the mortgage-backed securities more sensitive to interest rate changes. The prices of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than prices of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool will adversely affect the value of mortgage-backed securities and will result in losses to the Fund. The liquidity of mortgage-backed securities may change over time. Mortgage-backed securities and other securities issued by participants in housing and commercial real estate finance, as well as other real estate-related markets have experienced extraordinary weakness and volatility in certain years.

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by private issuers are also known as “non-agency mortgage-backed securities.” Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements as those with government or government-sponsored entity guarantees and, therefore, mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics, and wider variances in interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. The market for non-agency mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for government-issued mortgage-backed securities.

 

Lower-quality notes, such as those considered “sub-prime” are more likely to default than those considered “prime” by a rating evaluation agency or service provider. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for sub-prime notes and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell these securities. The lack of a liquid market for these securities could decrease the Fund’s share price. Additionally, borrowers may seek bankruptcy protection which would delay resolution of security holder claims and may eliminate or materially reduce liquidity.

 

98

 

 

Municipal Bond Risk. The value of municipal bonds that depend on a specific revenue source or general revenue source to fund their payment obligations may fluctuate as a result of changes in the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s) or changes in the priority of the municipal obligation to receive the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s). In addition, changes in federal tax laws or the activity of an issuer may adversely affect the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds. There is no guarantee that a municipality will be able to pay interest or repay principal. In addition, the ability of an issuer to make payments or repay interest may be affected by litigation or bankruptcy. In the event of such an issuer’s bankruptcy, the Fund could experience delays in collecting principal and interest, and may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, a debt holder may, in some instances, take possession of, and manage, the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Fund’s operating expenses. Any income derived from the Fund’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt. Municipal bonds are generally subject to interest rate, credit and market risk.

 

Because many municipal bonds are issued to finance similar projects (such as those relating to education, health care, housing, transportation, and utilities), conditions in those sectors may affect the overall municipal securities market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal issuer can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal bonds backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the supporting taxation or the inability to collect revenues for the specific project or specific assets. Municipal bonds are subject to the risk that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may determine that an issuer has not complied with applicable tax requirements and that interest from the municipal bond is taxable, which may result in a significant decline in the value of the security. Municipal bonds may be less liquid than taxable bonds and there may be less publicly available information on the financial condition of municipal bond issuers than for issuers of other securities, and the investment performance of the Fund may, therefore, be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Advisor or Sub-Advisor than if the Fund held other types of investments. The secondary market for municipal bonds also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, a by-product of lower capital commitments to the asset class by the dealer community, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to sell municipal bonds at attractive prices or value municipal bonds.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. A Fund that is classified as non-diversified may invest a larger portion of its assets in a limited number of companies than a diversified fund. Because a relatively high percentage of a non-diversified Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a limited number of companies that could be in the same or related economic sectors, such Fund’s portfolio may be more susceptible to any single economic, technological or regulatory occurrence than the portfolio of a diversified fund.

 

Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Trading Risk. Certain of the derivatives in which a Fund may invest may be traded (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. While the OTC derivatives market is the primary trading venue for many derivatives, it is largely unregulated. As a result, and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts.

 

Prepayment Risk. A Fund may invest in debt securities that may be paid off early when the issuer of a debt security can repay the principal prior to a security’s maturity. If interest rates are falling, a Fund may have to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income.

 

Real Estate and REIT Risk. A Fund is subject to the risks of the real estate market as a whole, such as taxation, regulations and economic and political factors that negatively impact the real estate market and the direct ownership of real estate. These may include decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, rising operating costs, interest rates and property taxes. In addition, some real estate related investments are not fully diversified and are subject to the risks associated with financing a limited number of projects. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those associated with the real estate sector generally. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. By investing in REITs through the Fund, a shareholder will bear expenses of the REITs in addition to Fund expenses. An entity that fails to qualify as a REIT would be subject to a corporate level tax, would not be entitled to a deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and would not pass through to its shareholders the character of income earned by the entity.

 

99

 

 

Regulatory Risk. Regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries may adopt rules that restrict the ability of the Fund to fully implement its strategy, either generally, or with respect to certain securities, industries or countries, which may impact the Fund’s ability to fully implement its investment strategies. Regulators may interpret rules differently than the Fund or the mutual fund industry generally, and disputes over such interpretations can increase in legal expenses incurred by the Fund. With respect to the Fund CFTC registration and regulation in its capacity as the Fund’s CPO and CTA as a result of the Fund’s commodities-related investments. The Fund is also subject to regulation as a commodity pool under the CEA. The Fund may incur additional expenses as a result of the registration and regulation obligations and certain investments may be limited or restricted.

 

Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements in which it purchases a security (known as the “underlying security”) from a securities dealer or bank. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, a Fund could experience delays in liquidating the underlying security. A Fund may also experience losses in the event of a decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by a Fund with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment, and involve the risk that (i) the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner, or at all, and (ii) the market value of assets that are required to be repurchased decline below the purchase price of the asset that has to be sold, resulting in losses to the Fund.

 

Restricted Securities Risk. A Fund may hold securities that are restricted as to resale under the U.S. federal securities laws. There can be no assurance that a trading market will exist at any time for any particular restricted security. Limitations on the resale of these securities may prevent the Fund from disposing of them promptly at reasonable prices or at all. A Fund may have to bear the expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration. Also, restricted securities may be difficult to value because market quotations may not be readily available, and the values of restricted securities may have significant volatility.

 

Risk Management Risk. The measures that the Advisor, Sub-Advisors or portfolio manager use to monitor and manage the risks of the Fund may not accomplish the intended results and a Fund may experience losses significantly greater than expected.

 

Sector Risk. Sector risk is the possibility that securities within the same sector will decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. If a Fund invests more heavily in a particular sector, the value of its shares may be especially sensitive to factors and economic risks that specifically affect that sector. As a result, the Fund’s net asset value per share may fluctuate more widely than the value of shares of a mutual fund that invests in a broader range of sectors. Additionally, some sectors could be subject to greater government regulation than other sectors. Therefore, changes in regulatory policies for those sectors may have a material effect on the value of securities issued by companies in those sectors.

 

Security Risk. The value of a Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of an individual security in the Fund’s portfolio. The net asset value of a Fund will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the securities in which the Fund invests. A Fund may invest in securities that may be more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Security prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses, lack of earnings, failure to meet the market’s expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.

 

Segregation Risk. Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to maintain a segregated account of cash or liquid assets to cover its obligations in certain transactions. This requirement may cause a Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause a Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.

 

100

 

 

Short Position Risk. If a security or other instrument sold short increases in price, the Fund may have to cover its short position at a higher price than the short sale price, resulting in a loss. The Fund may have substantial short security positions and must borrow those securities to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund may not be able to borrow a security that it needs to deliver or it may not be able to close out a short position at an acceptable price and may have to sell related long positions before it had intended to do so. Thus, the Fund may not be able to successfully implement its short sale strategy due to limited availability of desired securities or for other reasons.

 

The Fund also may be required to pay a commission and other transaction costs, which would increase the cost of the security sold short. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the commission, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.

 

Until the Fund replaces a borrowed security, it is required to maintain a segregated account of cash or liquid assets with a broker or custodian to cover the Fund’s short position. Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances the Fund may not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral. Additionally, the Fund must maintain sufficient liquid assets (less any additional collateral pledged to the broker), marked-to-market daily, to cover the short sale obligations. This may limit the Fund’s investment flexibility, as well as its ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

 

Because losses on short sales arise from increases in the value of the security sold short, such losses are theoretically unlimited. By contrast, a loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security and is limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot go below zero.

 

Small Capitalization Stock Risk. To the extent a Fund invests in the stocks of smaller-sized companies, the Fund may be subject to additional risks. The earnings and prospects of these companies are more volatile than larger companies. Smaller-sized companies may experience higher failure rates than do larger companies. The trading volume of securities of smaller-sized companies is normally less than that of larger companies and, therefore, may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make them fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger companies. Smaller-sized companies may have limited markets, product lines or financial resources and may lack management experience.

 

Sovereign Debt Risk. The issuer of foreign debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and a Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. The market prices of sovereign debt, and the Fund’s net asset value, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations and certain emerging markets may encounter difficulties in servicing their debt obligations.

 

Structured Note Risk. A Fund may seek investment exposure to sectors through structured notes that may be exchange traded or may trade in the over the counter market. These notes are typically issued by banks or brokerage firms, and have interest and/or principal payments which are linked to changes in the price level of certain assets or to the price performance of certain indices. The value of a structured note will be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for this type of note, interest rate and market volatility, changes in the issuer’s credit quality rating, and economic, legal, political, events that affect the industry, and adverse changes in the index or reference asset to which the payments are linked. In addition, there may be a lag between a change in the value of the underlying reference asset and the value of the structured note. Structured notes may also be subject to counterparty risk. A Fund may also be exposed to increased transaction costs when it seeks to sell such notes in the secondary market.

 

Target Volatility Strategy Risk. The Trading Advisor’s target volatility management strategy may not protect against declines, may tend to limit gains in up markets, may tend to increase transaction costs which may lead to losses or reduced gains and may not be successful as a short-term strategy as it is subject to the Trading Advisor’s ability to assess volatility conditions and the ability of the Sub-Advisor to execute related investment management techniques.

 

101

 

 

Turnover Risk. A Fund may have portfolio turnover rates significantly in excess of 100%. Increased portfolio turnover causes the Fund to incur higher brokerage costs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may produce increased taxable distributions.

 

Underlying Fund Risk. Other investment companies including mutual funds, ETFs and closed-end funds (“Underlying Funds”) in which a Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. In addition, when a Fund invests in Underlying Funds, there is a risk that the investment advisers of those Underlying Funds may make investment decisions that are detrimental to the performance of the Fund. Each of the Underlying Funds is subject to its own specific risks. Additional risks of investing in the Underlying Funds are described below:

 

BDC Risk. BDCs may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. BDC company securities are not redeemable at the option of the shareholder and they may trade in the market at a discount to their net asset value. A BDC is a form of investment company that is required to invest at least 70% of its total assets in securities (typically debt) of private companies, thinly traded U.S. public companies, or short-term high quality debt securities. The BDCs held by a Fund may leverage their portfolios through borrowings or the issuance of preferred stock. While leverage often serves to increase the yield of a BDC, this leverage also subjects a BDC to increased risks, including the likelihood of increased volatility and the possibility that a BDC’s common share income will fall if the dividend rate of the preferred shares or the interest rate on any borrowings rises. A significant portion of a BDC’s investments are recorded at fair value as determined by its board of directors which may create uncertainty as to the value of the BDC’s investments. Non-traded BDCs are illiquid and it may not be possible to redeem shares without paying a substantial penalty or at all. Publicly traded BDCs usually trade at a discount to their net asset value because they invest in unlisted securities and have limited access to capital markets. BDCs are subject to high failure rates among the companies in which they invest and federal securities laws impose restraints upon the organization and operations of BDCs that can limit or negatively impact the performance of a BDC. However, the Fund does not believe it would be liable for the actions of any entity in which it invests and that only its investment is at risk. Also, BDCs may engage in certain principal and joint transactions that a mutual fund or closed-end fund may not without an exemptive order from the SEC.

 

Closed-End Fund Risk. Closed-end funds are subject to management risk because the adviser to the underlying closed-end fund may be unsuccessful in meeting the fund’s investment objective. Closed-end funds may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value and may trade at a larger discount or smaller premium subsequent to purchase by the Fund. Since closed-end funds trade on exchanges, the Fund will also incur brokerage expenses and commissions when it buys or sells closed-end fund shares.

 

ETF Risk. Like a mutual fund, the value of an ETF can fluctuate based on the prices of the securities owned by the ETF, and ETFs are also subject to the following additional risks: (i) the ETF’s market price may be less than its net asset value; (ii) an active market for the ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) market trading in the ETF may be halted under certain circumstances.

 

ETF Tracking Risk. Index-based or “passive” ETFs, which seek to track the performance of an underlying index, will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track because the total return generated by the securities will be reduced by transaction costs incurred in adjusting the actual balance of the securities. In addition, passive ETFs will incur expenses not incurred by their applicable indices. Certain securities comprising the indices tracked by the passive ETFs may, from time to time, temporarily be unavailable, which may further impede the ETFs’ ability to track their applicable indices.

 

Inverse Correlation Risk. Underlying Funds that are inverse funds are designed to lose value as the index or security tracked by such fund’s benchmark increases in value; a result that is the opposite from traditional mutual funds. Successful use of inverse funds requires that the Advisor or Sub-Advisor correctly predict short term market movements. If the Fund invests in an inverse fund and markets rise, the Fund could lose money. Inverse funds may also employ leverage such that their returns are more than one times that of their benchmark.

 

Inverse ETF and ETN Risk. Investing in inverse ETFs and ETNs may result in increased volatility due to the ETF’s or ETN’s possible use of short sales of securities and derivatives such as options and futures. The use of leverage by an ETF or ETN increases risk to the Fund. The more the Fund invests in leveraged instruments, the more the leverage will magnify any gains or losses on those investments. During periods of increased volatility, inverse ETFs and ETNs may not perform in the manner they are designed.

 

102

 

 

Leveraged ETF Risk. Leveraged ETFs will amplify losses because they are designed to produce returns that are a multiple of the index to which they are linked. Most leveraged ETFs “reset” daily. Due to the effect of compounding, their performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from the performance of their underlying index or benchmark during the same period of time.

 

Mutual Fund Risk. Mutual funds are subject to management risk because the adviser to the mutual fund may be unsuccessful in meeting the fund’s investment objective and may temporarily pursue strategies which are inconsistent with the investment objective of the Fund.

 

Strategies Risk. Each Underlying Fund is subject to specific risks, depending on the nature of the fund. These risks could include liquidity risk, sector risk, and foreign currency risk, as well as risks associated with fixed income securities and commodities.

 

U.S. Government Obligations Risk. U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government and generally have negligible credit risk. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

Utilities Sector Risk. Deregulation may subject utility companies to greater competition and may adversely affect their profitability. As deregulation allows utility companies to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business, utility companies may engage in riskier ventures. In addition, deregulation may eliminate restrictions on the profits of certain utility companies, but may also subject these companies to greater risk of loss. Companies in the utilities industry may have difficulty obtaining an adequate return on invested capital, raising capital, or financing large construction projects during periods of inflation or unsettled capital markets; face restrictions on operations and increased cost and delays attributable to environmental considerations and regulation; find that existing plants, equipment or products have been rendered obsolete by technological innovations; or be subject to increased costs because of the scarcity of certain fuels or the effects of man-made or natural disasters. Existing and future regulations or legislation may make it difficult for utility companies to operate profitably. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will grant rate increases in the future, or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on stocks issued by a utility company. Energy conservation and changes in climate policy may also have a significant adverse impact on the revenues and expenses of utility companies.

 

Value Investing Risk. The assessment of a stock’s intrinsic value may never be fully recognized or realized by the market, and a stock judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced or its price may decline. Value stocks may be trading at relatively low valuations as a result of experiencing adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks. Different types of stocks tend to fall in and out of favor depending on market conditions, and the market may not favor value style investing. Value stocks may lag behind growth stocks in an up market.

 

Volatility Risk. A Fund’s performance may be volatile, which means that the Fund’s performance may be subject to substantial short-term changes up or down.

 

Wholly Owned Subsidiary Risk. The Subsidiary will not be registered under the 1940 Act and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, will not be subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. Your cost of investing in the Fund will be higher because you indirectly bear the expenses of the Subsidiary. The Fund and the Subsidiary are “commodity pools” under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, and the Advisor is a “commodity pool operator” registered with and regulated by the CFTC with respect to the Fund. As a result, additional CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations apply with respect to the Fund and the Subsidiary and subject each to CFTC penalties if reporting was found to be deficient.

 

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies

 

A description of the Funds’ policies regarding disclosure of the securities in each Fund’s portfolio is found in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

103

 

 

HOW TO BUY SHARES

 

Purchasing Shares

 

You may buy shares on any business day. This includes any day that the Funds are open for business, other than weekends and days on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is closed, including the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day.

 

Each Fund calculates its net asset value (“NAV”) per share as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE every day the NYSE is open. The NYSE normally closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (“EST”). A Fund’s NAV is calculated by taking the total value of the Fund’s assets, subtracting its liabilities, and then dividing by the total number of shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent.

 

All shares will be purchased at the NAV per share (plus applicable sales charges, if any) next determined after the Fund receives your application or request in good order. All requests received in good order by the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (EST) will be processed on that same day. Requests received after 4:00 p.m. EST will be processed on the next business day.

 

Good Order: When making a purchase request, make sure your request is in good order. “Good order” means your purchase request includes:

 

  the name of the Fund and share class

 

  the dollar amount of shares to be purchased

 

  a completed purchase application or investment stub

 

  a check payable to the Fund
   

 

Multiple Classes

 

Each Fund offers three classes of shares: Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares. Not all share classes may be available in all states.

 

Choosing a Share Class

 

To choose the share class of the Fund that is best suited to your needs and goals, consider the amount of money you want to invest, how long you expect to invest it and whether you plan to make additional investments. As shown below, a sales charge structure applies to Class A and Class C shares. You should consider, for example, that it may be possible to reduce the front-end sales charges imposed on purchases of Class A shares. Among other ways, sales charges for Class A shares have a series of “breakpoints,” which means that the front-end sales charges decrease (and can be eliminated entirely) as the amount invested increases. The breakpoint schedule is set out below under “Sales Charges.”

 

The following are some of the main differences between Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares of the Funds:

 

Class A Shares

 

Front-end sales charges, as described below under “Sales Charges.”

 

A contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be assessed on shares redeemed within two years of purchase.

 

Distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

A non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder servicing fee of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

104

 

 

Class C Shares

 

No front-end sales charges, all of your money goes to work for you right away.

 

CDSCs on shares sold within 12 months of purchase and as described below under “Sales Charges.”

 

Distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees of 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

A non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder servicing fee of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Institutional Shares

 

No sales charges.

 

A non-Rule 12b-1 shareholder servicing fee of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Institutional shares may also be available on certain brokerage platforms. An investor transacting in Institutional shares through a broker acting as an agent for the investor may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker.

 

For the estimated expenses of each share class, see the section entitled “Fees and Expenses of the Fund.”

 

Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries

 

The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from a Fund or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may impose different sales charges other than those listed below for Class A and Class C shares and may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of sales load waivers and reductions. Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this prospectus, titled “Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.” Appendix A is incorporated by reference into (or legally considered part of) this Prospectus.

 

In all instances, it is the shareholder’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the shareholder’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the shareholder for sales charge reductions or waivers. For reductions and waivers not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these reductions or waivers.

 

Sales Charges on Class A Shares

 

Purchases of Class A shares of each Fund, except Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund and Rational Inflation Growth Fund, are subject to the following front-end sales charges. The front-end sales charges do not apply to Class A shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions.

 

Amount of Purchase Sales Charge as
% of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge as
% of Net Amount
Invested
Authorized Dealer
Commission as
% of Public
Offering Price
Less than $50,000 4.75% 4.99% 4.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 4.25% 4.44% 3.50%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.75% 3.90% 3.00%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$500,000 but less than $1,000,000 2.00% 2.04% 1.50%
$1,000,000 and above * 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

 

105

 

 

Purchases of Class A shares of Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund and Rational Inflation Growth Fund are subject to the following front-end sales charges. The up-front sales charge also does not apply to Class A shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions.

 

Amount of Purchase Sales Charge as
% of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge as
% of Net Amount
Invested
Authorized Dealer
Commission as
% of Public
Offering Price
Less than $50,000 5.75% 6.10% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 4.75% 4.99% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 4.00% 4.17% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 3.00% 3.09% 2.50%
$500,000 but less than $1,000,000 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$1,000,000 and above* 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

 

* A CDSC of 1.00% of the redemption amount applies to Class A shares redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where an investment professional received an advance payment on the transaction (in the case of investments at or above the $1 million breakpoint). Certain intermediaries may provide different CDSC waivers or discounts which are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled “Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.”

 

Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly from the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculations used to determine your sales charge.

 

How to Reduce Your Class A Sales Charge

 

The Fund offers a number of ways to reduce or eliminate the front-end sales charge on Class A shares.

 

Class A Shares, Reductions and Waivers

 

There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. Reduced sales charges are available to shareholders with investments of $50,000 or more. In addition, you may qualify for reduced sales charges under the following circumstances.

 

Letter of Intent: An investor may qualify for a reduced sales charge immediately by stating his or her intention to invest in one or more of the Funds, during a 13-month period, a dollar amount that would qualify for a reduced sales charge set forth in the table under the sub-section “Sales Charges” above, and by signing a Letter of Intent, which may be signed at any time within 90 days after the first investment to be included under the Letter of Intent. However, if an investor does not buy enough shares to qualify for the lower sales charge by the end of the 13-month period (or when you sell your shares, if earlier), the additional shares that were purchased due to the reduced sales charge credit the investor received will be liquidated to pay the additional sales charge owed.

 

Rights of Accumulation: You may add the current value of all of your existing Fund shares to determine the front-end sales charge to be applied to your current Class A purchase. Only balances currently held entirely at the Funds or, if held in an account through a financial services firm, at the same firm through whom you are making your current purchase, will be eligible to be added to your current purchase for purposes of determining your Class A sales charge. You may include the value of the Funds’ investments held by the members of your immediately family, including the value of Funds’ investments held by you or them in individual retirement plans, such as individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, provided such balances are also currently held entirely at the Funds or, if held in an account through a financial services firm, at the same financial services firm through whom you are making your current purchase. The value of shares eligible for a cumulative quantity discount equals the cumulative cost of the shares purchased (not including reinvested dividends) or the current account market value; whichever is greater. The current market value of the shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by the previous day’s NAV. If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint, you must, at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase) specifically identify those shares to your current purchase broker-dealer.

 

106

 

 

Investments of $1 Million or More: For each Fund, with respect to Class A shares, if you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our rights of accumulation quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, you may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC on shares redeemed within two years of purchase (excluding shares purchased with reinvested dividends and/or distributions). The CDSC for these Class A shares is based on the NAV at the time of purchase. The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month. For example, if you buy shares on the 15th of the month, they will age one month on the 15th day of the next month and each following month. To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased.

 

Class A Sales Charge Waivers: Each Fund may sell Class A shares at NAV (i.e. without the investor paying any initial sales charge) to certain categories of investors, including: (1) investment advisory clients or investors referred by the Fund’s Advisor or its affiliates; (2) officers and present or former Trustees of the Trust; directors and employees of selected dealers or agents; the spouse, sibling, direct ancestor or direct descendant (collectively “relatives”) of any such person; any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person or relative; or the estate of any such person or relative; if such shares are purchased for investment purposes (such shares may not be resold except to the Fund); (3) the Fund’s Advisor or its affiliates and certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Fund’s Advisor; (4) fee-based financial planners and registered investment advisors who are purchasing on behalf of their clients where there is an agreement in place with respect to such purchases; (5) registered representatives of broker-dealers who have entered into selling agreements with the Fund’s Advisor for their own accounts; and (6) participants in no-transaction-fee programs of broker dealers that that have entered into an agreement with respect to such purchases

 

For more information regarding which intermediaries may have agreements with the Funds or distributor and their policies and procedures with respect to purchases at NAV, see Appendix A to this prospectus, titled “Intermediary-Specific Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.” In addition, certain intermediaries may also provide for different sales charge discounts, which are also described in Appendix A to this Prospectus.

 

Sales Charges on Class C Shares

 

Class C shares are sold without an initial front-end sales charge so that the full amount of your purchase is invested in a Fund. A deferred sales charge of 1.00% applies, however, if Class C shares are sold within 12 months of purchase.

 

Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions are not subject to a deferred sales charge. In addition, the deferred sales charge may be waived in certain circumstances. See “Waiver of Deferred Sales Charge – Class C Shares” below. The deferred sales charge is based upon the lesser of: (1) the NAV of the shares redeemed or (2) the original purchase price of such shares.

 

The holding period for the deferred sales charge begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month. For example, if you buy shares on the 15th of the month, they will age one month on the 15th day of the next month and each following month. To keep your deferred sales charges as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares, we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a deferred sales charge. If there are not enough of these shares available, we will sell shares that have the lowest deferred sales charge.

 

For purposes of the deferred sales charge, we use the effective date for each individual purchase.

 

Waiver of Deferred Sales Charge – Class C Shares

 

Certain intermediaries may provide for sales charge discounts, which are described in Appendix A to this prospectus, entitled “Intermediary-Specific Charge Reductions and Waivers.”

 

107

 

 

Distribution Plans

 

Each Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan (the“12b-1 Plan”) on behalf of its Class A and Class C shares, and Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund, and Rational Special Situations Income Fund have also adopted 12b-1 Plans on behalf of their Institutional shares that allow the Funds to pay fees to financial intermediaries (which may be paid through the Distributor) for the sale and distribution of these shares. Pursuant to the Fund’s 12b-1 Plan, each Fund may finance from the assets of Class A, Class C and, with respect to Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund, and Rational Special Situations Income Fund Institutional shares, certain activities or expenses that are intended primarily to result in the sale of the Class A, Class C, or Institutional shares, as applicable. Rule 12b-1 fees are paid out of Fund assets on an ongoing basis, over time, these fees will increase the cost of a shareholder’s investment and will cost the shareholder more than other types of sales charges.

 

The maximum Rule 12b-1 fee is 0.25% of the Fund’s Class A shares average daily net assets.

 

With respect to Class C shares, the fee paid by the Fund is 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the Class C shares. Of this amount, 0.75% represents distribution fees and 0.25% represents shareholder servicing fees paid to institutions that have agreements with the Distributor to provide such services. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds’ assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.

 

Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund, and Rational Special Situations Income Fund’s 12b-1 Plans provide that each such Fund’s Institutional shares may pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets pursuant to the Plan. However, the 12b-1 Plans have not been implemented for Institutional shares and there are no plans to impose these fees.

 

In addition to paying fees under the 12b-1 Plan, the Funds may pay service fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisors or other financial institutions, including affiliates of the Advisor or Distributor, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.

 

The Funds may waive or reduce the maximum amount of Rule 12b-1 fees they pay from time to time at their sole discretion. In addition, a financial intermediary (including the Distributor, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor or their affiliates) may voluntarily waive or reduce any fees to which they may be entitled. From time to time, the Distributor may pay out of its reasonable profits and other resources (including those of its affiliates) advertising, marketing and other expenses for the benefit of the Funds.

 

Shareholder Servicing Plan

 

The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Servicing Plan with respect to the Funds’ Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares. The Funds may pay Shareholder Services Fees up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A, Class C (in addition to those included in the Fund’s 12b-1 fees above for Class C shares only), and Institutional shares to financial intermediaries for providing shareholder assistance, maintaining shareholder accounts and communicating or facilitating purchases and redemptions of shares.

 

Opening an Account

 

You may purchase shares directly through the Funds’ transfer agent or through a brokerage firm or other financial institution that has agreed to sell Fund shares. If you purchase shares through a brokerage firm or other financial institution, you may be charged a fee by the firm or institution.

 

If you are investing in a Fund for the first time through the Fund’s transfer agent, you will need to establish an account with the Fund. Accounts may be opened online at www.rationalmf.com or by submitting a completed Shareholder Account Application along with payment (in the form of a check or wire transfer) to the Fund to the appropriate address below. Shareholder Account Applications may be obtained on the Funds’ website at www.rationalmf.com or by calling 800-253-0412. You will need to establish an account before investing. Be sure to sign up for all the account options that you plan to take advantage of. For example, if you would like to be able to redeem your shares by telephone, you should select this option on your Shareholder Account Application. Doing so when you open your account means that you will not need to complete additional paperwork later.

 

108

 

 

Send the completed Shareholder Account Application and payment to the Fund to one of the following addresses:

 

Regular Mail

Rational Funds

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154

 

or

 

Express/Overnight Mail

Rational Funds

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100
Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474

 

All purchases must be made in U.S. dollars and checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. Payment for purchases made online may only be made through an ACH (Automated Clearing House) debit of your bank account. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for transactions with the Funds. ACH payments will not be accepted for initial purchases except those made online. No cash, credit cards or third-party checks will be accepted. A $20 fee will be charged against your account for any payment check returned to the transfer agent or for any incomplete electronic funds transfer, or for insufficient funds, stop payment, closed account or other reasons. If a check does not clear your bank or the Fund is unable to debit your pre-designated bank account on the day of purchase, the Fund reserves the right to cancel the purchase. If your purchase is canceled, you will be responsible for any losses or fees imposed by your bank and losses that may be incurred as a result of a decline in the value of the canceled purchase. Your investment in a Fund should be intended to serve as a long-term investment vehicle. The Funds are not designed to provide you with a means of speculating on the short-term fluctuations in the stock market. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase request that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of a Fund, which includes investors with a history of excessive trading. The Funds also reserve the right to stop offering shares at any time.

 

If you choose to pay by wire, you must call the Funds’ transfer agent, at 800-253-0412 to obtain instructions on how to set up your account and to obtain an account number and wire instructions.

 

Wire orders will be accepted only on a day on which the Fund, the custodian and the transfer agent are open for business. A wire purchase will not be considered made until the wired money and purchase order are received by the Fund. Any delays that may occur in wiring money, including delays that may occur in processing by the banks, are not the responsibility of the Fund or the transfer agent. The Funds presently do not charge a fee for the receipt of wired funds, but it may charge shareholders for this service in the future.

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. This means that when you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask for other identifying documents or information, and may take additional steps to verify your identity. We may not be able to open your account or complete a transaction for you until we are able to verify your identity.

 

109

 

 

Minimum Purchase Amount

 

The minimum initial purchase for each Fund’s Class A, Class C and Institutional shares is $1,000. For Class A and Class C shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $50; for Institutional shares, the minimum subsequent investment is $500. For Class A, Class C, and Institutional shares, the minimum initial and subsequent investment through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) is $50. The Funds reserve the right to change the amount of these minimums from time to time or to waive them in whole or in part for certain accounts. Investment minimums may be higher or lower for investors purchasing shares through a brokerage firm or other financial institution. To the extent investments of individual investors are aggregated into an omnibus account established by an investment advisor, broker or other intermediary, the account minimums apply to the omnibus account, not to the account of the individual investor.

 

Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”)

 

You may invest on a regular basis in shares of the Funds through the AIP. To participate, you must open an account with the Trust by calling 800-253-0412, request and complete an application, and invest at least $50 at periodic intervals. Minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements may be different for accounts with your investment professional.

 

Once you have signed up for the AIP, the Trust will automatically withdraw money from your bank account and invest it, subject to any applicable sales charges, in either Class A or Class C shares of the Fund or Funds, as you specify. Your participation in the AIP may be canceled if you do not maintain sufficient funds in your bank account to pay for your investment.

 

Additional Investments

 

The minimum subsequent investment for each Fund for Class A and Class C shares is $50 and the minimum subsequent investment for each Fund’s Institutional shares is $500. You may purchase additional shares of a Fund by check, wire, or ACH debit of your bank account of record. Payment for shares purchased online may be made only through an ACH debit of your bank account of record. Your bank wire should be sent as outlined above. You also may purchase Fund shares by making automatic periodic investments from your bank account. To use this feature, select the automatic investment option in the account application and provide the necessary information about the bank account from which your investments will be make. You may revoke your election to make automatic investments by calling 800-253-0412 or by writing to the Fund at:

 

Rational Funds

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100

Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474

 

Other Purchase Information

 

A Fund may limit the amount of purchases and refuse to sell to any person. If your electronic funds transfer is incomplete, payment is not completed due to insufficient funds, stop payment, closed account, a check does not clear your bank, or the Fund is unable to debit your predesignated bank account, you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the Fund. If you are already a shareholder, the Fund can, with notice, redeem shares from any identically registered account in the Fund as reimbursement for any loss incurred. You may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in the Fund.

 

You may invest in the Funds through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The brokers and agents are authorized to receive purchase orders on behalf of the Funds. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase orders on each Fund’s behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a purchase order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee receives the order. The broker or agent may set their own initial and subsequent investment minimums. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to buy shares of the Funds. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from, those applicable to investors purchasing shares directly from the Funds. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.

 

110

 

 

Market Timing

 

The Funds discourage market timing. Market timing is an investment strategy using frequent purchases, redemptions and/or exchanges in an attempt to profit from short term market movements. To the extent that a Fund significantly invests in small or mid-capitalization equity securities, because these securities are often infrequently traded, investors may seek to trade Fund shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of these securities (referred to as price arbitrage). Market timing may result in dilution of the value of Fund shares held by long term shareholders, disrupt portfolio management and increase Fund expenses for all shareholders. The Board of Trustees has adopted a policy directing each Fund to reject any purchase order with respect to one investor, a related group of investors or their agent(s), where it detects a pattern of purchases and sales of the Fund that indicates market timing or trading that it determines is abusive. This policy applies uniformly to all Fund shareholders. While the Funds attempt to deter market timing, there is no assurance that they will be able to identify and eliminate all market timers. For example, certain accounts called “omnibus accounts” include multiple shareholders. Omnibus accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day where purchasers of Fund shares and redeemers of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identities of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated are not known by the Funds. The netting effect often makes it more difficult for the Funds to detect market timing, and there can be no assurance that the Funds will be able to do so. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Funds have agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker, to the Funds upon request. If a Fund becomes aware of market timing in an omnibus account, it will work with the broker maintaining the omnibus account to identify the shareholder engaging in the market timing activity. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, including purchase orders that it does not think are in the best interest of the Fund or its shareholders or if the Fund thinks that trading is abusive.

 

HOW TO REDEEM SHARES

 

You may redeem your shares on any business day. Redemption orders received in good order by the Fund’s transfer agent or by a brokerage firm or other financial institution that sells Fund shares before 4:00 p.m. EST (or before the NYSE closes if the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. EST) will be effective at that day’s NAV. Your brokerage firm or financial institution may have an earlier cut-off time.

 

The Funds typically expect that it will take up to seven calendar days following the receipt of your redemption request by any method to pay out redemption proceeds by check or electronic transfer. The Funds’ transfer agent imposes a $15 fee for each wire redemption and deducts the fee directly from your account. Your bank may also impose a fee for the incoming wire. If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.

 

You may redeem your shares in the Funds through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with a Fund’s distributor. The brokers and agents are authorized to receive redemption orders on behalf of the Funds. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive redemption orders on each Fund’s behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a brokers authorized designee receives the order. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to redeem shares of the Funds. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from those applicable to investors redeeming shares directly from the Funds. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.

 

Shares of the Funds may be redeemed by mail, telephone or online. Redemptions will be paid by check, wire or ACH transfer only to the address or bank account of record. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for transactions with the Funds. If you redeem your shares through a broker-dealer or other institution, you may be charged a fee by that institution.

 

111

 

 

By Mail. You may redeem any part of your account in a Fund at no charge by mail. Your request, in good order, should be addressed to the Fund to one of the following addresses:

 

Regular Mail

Rational Funds

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154

 

or

 

Express/Overnight Mail

Rational Funds

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100
Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474

 

“Good order” means your request for redemption must:

 

Include the Fund name and account number;

 

Include the account name(s) and address;

 

State the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem; and

 

Be signed by all registered share owner(s) in the exact name(s) and any special capacity in which they are registered.

 

The Funds may require that the signatures be guaranteed. A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized transfers. You may need your signature guaranteed if:

 

you request the redemption check be mailed to an address other than the address of record;

 

if you request the redemption check be mailed to a mailing address that has been changed within 30 days of the redemption request;

 

if you request that the redemption be sent electronically to a bank account other than bank account on record;

 

if the redemption request is in the amount of $100,000 or more; or

 

in other circumstances such as to prevent an unauthorized account transfer or redemption.

 

You can obtain a signature guarantee from most banks and securities dealers, but not from a notary public. For joint accounts, both signatures must be guaranteed. Please call the transfer agent at 800-253-0412if you have questions. At the discretion of the Fund, you may be required to furnish additional legal documents to insure proper authorization.

 

By Telephone. You may redeem any part of your account in a Fund by calling the transfer agent at 800-253-0412. You must first complete the Optional Telephone Redemption and Exchange section of the investment application to institute this option. A Fund, the transfer agent and the custodian are not liable for following redemption instructions communicated by telephone to the extent that they reasonably believe the telephone instructions to be genuine. However, if they do not employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine, they may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. Procedures employed may include recording telephone instructions and requiring a form of personal identification from the caller.

 

112

 

 

The Funds may terminate the telephone redemption procedures at any time. During periods of extreme market activity it is possible that shareholders may encounter some difficulty in telephoning a Fund, although neither the Fund nor the transfer agent have ever experienced difficulties in receiving and in a timely fashion responding to telephone requests for redemptions or exchanges. If you are unable to reach the Fund by telephone, you may request a redemption or exchange by mail. If you own an IRA, you will be asked whether or not the Fund should withhold federal income tax.

 

Online Transactions. Online transactions are subject to the same purchase minimums and maximums as other purchase methods. However, the maximum online redemption amount is $50,000. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for transactions online.

 

You should be aware that there may be delays, malfunctions or other inconveniences associated with online transactions. There also may be times when the website is unavailable for Fund transactions or other purposes. Should this happen, you should consider performing transactions by another method.

 

Systematic Withdrawal Plan. You may participate in the Funds’ Systematic Withdrawal Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money to your bank account from a Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers. You may elect to make subsequent withdrawals by transfer of a minimum of $100 on specified days of each month into your established bank account. Please contact the Funds at 866-447-4228 for more information about the Funds’ Systematic Withdrawal Plan.

 

Redemption Fee and CDSC. Currently, the Funds do not charge a redemption fee. Shareholders in a Fund who purchased $1 million or more Class A shares and did not pay a front-end sales charge will be assessed a 1.00% CDSC on shares redeemed less than 24 months after the date of their purchase. Shareholders who purchase Class C shares do not pay an initial front-end sales charge but will be assessed a 1.00% CDSC on shares redeemed less than 12 months after the date of their purchase.

 

The Funds use a “first in, first out” method for calculating the CDSC. This means that shares held the longest will be redeemed first, and shares held the shortest time will be redeemed last. The CDSC is paid to the Advisor to reimburse expenses incurred in providing distribution-related services to the Fund.

 

The Funds reserve the right to modify, waive or eliminate the CDSC at any time. If a Fund institutes a redemption fee, the Fund will notify you at least 60 days prior to the effective date of the change. The Statement of Additional Information contains further details about the CDSC and the conditions for waiving these fees.

 

Redemptions in Kind. Each Fund reserves the right to honor requests for redemption or repurchase orders by making payment in whole or in part in readily marketable securities (“redemption in kind”) if the amount is greater than the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s assets. The securities will be chosen by a Fund, may be either a pro rata payment of each of the securities held by a Fund or a representative sample of securities, and will be valued under the Fund’s NAV procedures. A shareholder will be exposed to market risk until these securities are converted to cash and may incur transaction expenses in converting these securities to cash.

 

Additional Information. If you are not certain of the requirements for redemption please call the transfer agent at 800-253-0412. Redemptions specifying a certain date or share price cannot be accepted and will be returned. You will be mailed the proceeds on or before the seventh calendar day following the receipt of your redemption request to pay out redemption proceeds by check or electronic transfer. The Funds typically expect to pay redemptions from cash, cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of fund shares, any lines of credit and then from the sale of portfolio securities. Under certain circumstances, as described immediately above, redemption proceeds may be paid in kind rather than in cash. These redemption payment methods will be used in regular and stressed market conditions. You may be assessed a fee if a Fund incurs bank charges because you request that the Fund re-issue a redemption check. Also, when the NYSE is closed (or when trading is restricted) for any reason other than its customary weekend or holiday closing or under any emergency circumstances, as determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Fund may suspend redemptions or postpone payment dates.

 

113

 

 

Because each Fund incurs certain fixed costs in maintaining shareholder accounts, the Fund may require you to redeem all of your shares in the Fund on 30 days written notice if the value of your shares in the Fund is less than $1,000 due to redemption, or such other minimum amount as the Fund may determine from time to time. You may increase the value of your shares in the Fund to the minimum amount within the 30-day period. All shares of the Fund are also subject to involuntary redemption if the Board of Trustees determines to liquidate the Fund. An involuntary redemption will create a capital gain or a capital loss, which may have tax consequences about which you should consult your tax advisor.

 

Reinstatement Privilege: Shareholders have a one-time right, within 60 days of redeeming Class A shares to reinvest the redemption proceeds at the next determined NAV in Class A shares without any sales charge. The investor must notify the Trust in writing of the reinvestment by the shareholder in order to eliminate a sales charge. If the shareholder redeems Class A shares and utilizes the reinstatement privilege, there may be tax consequences.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

On any business day when the NYSE is open, you may exchange shares of a Fund for the same class of shares of any other Rational Fund offering such shares.

 

Additional Information

 

In order to exchange shares of a Fund on a particular day, the Fund or its designated agent must receive your request before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) that day.

 

The Trust may terminate or modify the exchange privilege at any time. In the case of termination or material changes other than the elimination of applicable sales charges, you will be given 60 days prior notice. However, the Fund’s management or Advisor may determine from the amount, frequency and pattern of exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders. If this occurs, the Fund may terminate the availability of exchanges to that shareholder and may bar that shareholder from purchasing shares of other Rational Funds. (See “Frequent Trading Policies.”)

 

An exchange is treated as a sale for federal income tax purposes and, depending on the circumstances, you may realize a short or long-term capital gain or loss. In addition, if you exchange shares of the Fund that imposes a sales charge into another Rational Fund that imposes such a charge, there may be special tax consequences.

 

The SAI contains more information about exchanges.

 

Exchanging Class A Shares

 

For Class A shares, the Trust makes exchanges at NAV (determined after the order is considered received), plus any applicable sales charges. A CDSC is not imposed on exchanges of Class A shares.

 

Exchanging C Shares

 

Class C shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Class C shares of any other Fund offering such shares. The Trust makes exchanges at NAV (determined after the order is considered received), without a sales charge.

 

Exchanging Institutional Shares

 

For Institutional shares, the Trust makes exchanges at NAV (determined after the order is considered received) without a sales charge.

 

114

 

 

How to Exchange Shares

 

1. Satisfy the minimum account balance requirements

 

You must maintain the required minimum account balance in the Fund out of which you are exchanging shares.

 

2. Satisfy the minimum investment requirements

 

You must meet the minimum investment requirements of the Fund into which you are exchanging shares.

 

3. Call (You must have completed the appropriate section on your account application)

 

The Funds at 800-253-0412

 

Your Investment Professional

 

OR

 

Write

 

Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust

c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC

4221 North 203rd Street, Suite 100

Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022-3474

 

4. Provide the required information

 

Name of the Fund from which you wish to make the exchange (exchange OUT OF)

 

Specify the share class

 

Your account number

 

The name and address on your account (account registrations must be identical)

 

The dollar amount or number of shares to be exchanged

 

Name of the Fund into which you wish to make the exchange (exchange INTO) — (Make sure this Fund offers the applicable class of shares)

 

Your signature (for written requests)

 

(For corporations, executors, administrators, trustees and guardians, and in certain other special circumstances, telephone exchanges will not be available and you will need a New Technology Medallion Signature Guarantee in order to make an exchange.)

 

Converting Shares

 

Shareholders of a Fund may elect on a voluntary basis to convert their shares in one class of the Fund into shares of a different class of the same Fund, subject to satisfying the eligibility requirements for investment in the new share class.

 

115

 

 

Shares held through a financial intermediary offering different programs and fee structures that has an agreement with the Advisor or the Funds’ distributor may be converted by the financial intermediary, without notice, to another share class of the Funds, including share classes with a higher expense ratio than the original share class, if such conversion is consistent with the fee-based or wrap fee program’s policies. An investor may directly or through his or her financial intermediary contact a Fund to request a voluntary conversion between share classes of the same Fund as described above. You may be required to provide sufficient information to establish eligibility to convert to the new share class.

 

Class C shares convert automatically to Class A shares after ten years (unless otherwise specified by your financial intermediary), provided that the financial intermediary through which you purchased Class C shares has records verifying that the Class C shares have been held for at least ten years. Class A shares are available for purchase by persons in your state or territory of residence and the shares are not subject to a CDSC. You should consult your financial representative for more information about eligibility for Class C share conversion.

 

All permissible conversions will be made on the basis of the relevant NAVs of the two classes without the imposition of any front-end sales load. A share conversion within a Fund will not result in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. A Fund may change, suspend or terminate this conversion feature at any time.

 

ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

The Advisor and/or its affiliates may pay out of their own profits and reasonable resources amounts (including items of material value) to certain financial intermediaries that support the sale of shares or provide services to Funds’ shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediaries or their employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of a Fund to you. These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Funds’ Prospectus because they are not paid by the Funds.

 

These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as the number or value of shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments made by a Fund to the financial intermediary under a Rule 12b-1 Plan and/or shareholder service fees arrangement. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Advisor, its affiliates, or the Funds and any services the financial intermediary provides. The Fund’s SAI contains additional information on the types of additional payments that may be paid.

 

VALUING FUND ASSETS

 

The Funds’ assets are generally valued at their market value. If market prices are not available or, in the Advisor’s opinion, market prices do not reflect fair value, or if an event occurs after the close of trading on the domestic exchange or market on which the security is principally traded (but prior to the time the NAV is calculated) that materially affects fair value, the Advisor will value a Fund’s assets at their fair value according to policies approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before a Fund calculates its NAV, the Advisor may need to price the security using the Fund’s fair value pricing guidelines. In these cases, the Fund’s NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair value rather than their market price. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. If a security, such as a small cap security, is so thinly traded that reliable market quotations are unavailable, the Advisor may need to price the security using fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund’s NAV by short term traders. The Fund may use pricing services to determine market value. The Fund’s NAV is calculated based upon the NAV of the underlying investment companies in its portfolio, and the prospectuses of those companies explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing. Certain Funds may invest in securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of some of the Fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.

 

116

 

 

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

Each Fund typically distributes substantially all of its net investment income in the form of dividends and taxable capital gains to its shareholders. These distributions are automatically reinvested in the Fund unless you request cash distributions on your application or through a written request to the Fund. Each Fund expects that its distributions will consist of both capital gains and dividend income. Each Fund may make distributions of its net realized capital gains (after any reductions for capital loss carry forwards) annually.

 

The Funds declare, have ex-dates and pay dividends on investment income, if any, according to the following schedule:

 

Rational Equity Armor Fund Monthly
Rational Tactical Return Fund Annually
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund Annually
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund Quarterly
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund Annually
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund Quarterly
Rational Special Situations Income Fund Monthly
Rational Inflation Growth Fund Quarterly

 

Please refer to the section headings “Additional Information About the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks – Principal Investment Strategies – Rational Special Situations Income Fund - Distribution Policy and Goals” and “Additional Information About the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks – Principal Investment Risks – Distribution Policy Risk” for a detailed description of the Fund’s distribution policy and tax consequences.

 

Annual statements

 

Each year, the Fund will send you an annual statement (Form 1099) of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state, and local tax returns. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December. Prior to issuing your statement, the Fund makes every effort to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to you. However, if the Fund finds it necessary to reclassify its distributions or adjust the cost basis of any covered shares (defined below) sold or exchanged after you receive your tax statement, the Fund will send you a corrected Form 1099.

 

Avoid “buying a dividend”

 

At the time you purchase your Fund shares, the Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”

 

Tax considerations

 

Fund distributions. The Fund expects, based on its investment objective and strategies, that its distributions, if any, will be taxable as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.

 

For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your shares. A portion of the income dividends reported by a Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation by individual shareholders at long-term capital gain tax rates.

 

117

 

 

The use of derivatives by the Fund may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of ordinary income or short-term capital gain, distributions from which are taxable to individual shareholders at ordinary income tax rates rather than at the more favorable tax rates for long-term capital gain.

 

If the Fund qualifies to pass through to you the tax benefits from foreign taxes it pays on its investments, and elects to do so, then any foreign taxes it pays on these investments may be passed through to you to be taken as a deduction or credit on your federal income tax return.

 

Sale or redemption of Fund shares. A sale or redemption of Fund shares is a taxable event and, accordingly, a capital gain or loss may be recognized. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different Rational Fund is the same as a sale. The Fund is required to report to you and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) annually on Form 1099-B not only the gross proceeds of Fund shares you sell or redeem but also the cost basis of Fund shares you sell or redeem that were purchased or acquired on or after Jan. 1, 2012 (“covered shares”). Cost basis will be calculated using the Fund’s default method (i.e., average cost), unless you instruct the Fund to use a different calculation method. Shareholders should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Fund and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns. If your account is held by your investment representative (financial advisor or other broker), please contact that representative with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account. Tax-advantaged retirement accounts will not be affected.

 

Medicare tax. An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of US individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount. This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.

 

Backup withholding. By law, if you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding on any distributions of income, capital gains, or proceeds from the sale of your shares. The Fund also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 24% of any distributions or proceeds paid.

 

State and local taxes. Fund distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Fund shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.

 

Non-US investors. Non-US investors may be subject to US withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate and US estate tax and are subject to special US tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding and claim any treaty benefits. Exemptions from US withholding tax are provided for certain capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from net long-term capital gains, if any, interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from US sources and short-term capital gain dividends, if such amounts are reported by the Fund. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from US withholding at the source, any such dividends and distributions of income and capital gains will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a US person.

 

Other reporting and withholding requirements. Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), a Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on income dividends made by the Fund to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. After December 31, 2018, FATCA withholding also would have applied to certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares; however, based on proposed regulations issued by the IRS, which can be relied upon currently, such withholding is no longer required unless final regulations provide otherwise (which is not expected). A Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA or similar laws. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.

 

This discussion of “Dividends, distributions, and taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local, or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund.

 

118

 

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

 

Advisor

 

Rational Advisors, Inc. has been retained by the Trust under Management Agreements to act as the investment advisor to the Funds subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees. Management of mutual funds is currently its primary business. The Advisor is under common control with Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC and AlphaCentric Advisors LLC, the investment advisers of other funds in the same group of investment companies also known as a “fund complex.” Information regarding the funds in the Fund Complex can be found at http://intelligentalts.com. The Advisor oversees the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Funds’ investment program. The address of the Advisor is 53 Palmeras St. Suite 601, San Juan, PR 00901.

 

Under the terms of the management agreement, the Advisor is responsible for formulating the Fund’s investment policies, making ongoing investment decisions and directing portfolio transactions.

 

Sub-Advisors and Trading Advisor

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational Equity Armor Fund

 

Equity Armor Investments, LLC (“Equity Armor”) serves as the Fund’s sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor. Equity Armor is located at 318 West Adams Street, 10th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Equity Armor is registered as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and is an independent asset management firm. Founded in 2010, Equity Armor provides investment management services to individuals, registered investment advisers and other financial institutions.

 

Under the supervision of the Advisor, Equity Armor is responsible for making investment decisions and executing portfolio transactions for the Fund. In addition, Equity Armor is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays Equity Armor 50% of the net advisory fees paid by the Fund to the Advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational Tactical Return Fund

 

Warrington Asset Management LLC (“Warrington”) serves as the Fund’s sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor. Warrington is located at 200 Dorado Beach Drive, Suite #3132, Dorado, PR 00646. Warrington is registered as an investment advisor under the Advisers Act. In addition to serving as the investment sub-advisor to the Fund, Warrington serves as the commodity trading advisor to private pooled investment vehicles and to separate commodity trading accounts for certain qualified investors. Warrington has been registered with the CFTC as a commodity trading advisor and commodity pool operator since 2012, and is a member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”) in such capacities. Scott C. Kimple indirectly owns 100% of Warrington.

 

Under the supervision of the Advisor, Warrington is responsible for making investment decisions and executing portfolio transactions for the Fund. In addition, Warrington is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays Warrington 50% of the net advisory fees paid by the Fund to the Advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational Dynamic Brands Fund

 

Accuvest Global Advisors (“Accuvest”) serves as sub-advisor to the Fund pursuant to a sub-advisory Agreement with the Advisor. Accuvest is located at 3575 N. 100 E. Suite 350, Provo, UT 84604. Accuvest is registered as an investment advisor under the Advisers Act. Accuvest has been providing investment advice to individual and institutional investors since 2005.

 

Under the supervision of the Advisor, Accuvest is responsible for making investment decisions and executing portfolio transactions for the Fund. In addition, Accuvest is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays Accuvest 50% of the net advisory fees paid by the Fund to the Advisor.

 

119

 

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

 

Pier 88 Investment Partners, LLC (“Pier 88 ”) serves as the Fund’s sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor. Pier 88 is located at 71 Stevenson Street, Suite 825, San Francisco, CA 94105. Pier 88 is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. Pier 88 was founded in 2013 and provides investment management services to pooled investment vehicles and institutional clients.

 

Subject to the oversight and approval of the Advisor, Pier 88 is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, Pier 88 is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays Pier 88 50% of the net advisory fees paid by the Fund to the Advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational Special Situations Income Fund

 

ESM Management LLC (“ESM”) serves as the Fund’s sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor. ESM is located at 100 Westchester Road, Newton, MA 02458. ESM is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. ESM was founded in 2009 and provides investment management services to institutional clients, such as pension funds, mutual funds, family offices, high net-worth individuals and hedge funds.

 

Subject to the oversight and approval of the Advisor, ESM is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, ESM is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays ESM 50% of the net advisory fees paid by the Fund to the Advisor.

 

Sub-Advisor and Trading Advisor of Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

 

Sub-Advisor: ReSolve Asset Management Inc. (“ReSolve Canada”) serves as the Fund’s investment sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor. ReSolve Canada is located at 401 Bay Street, 16th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2Y4. ReSolve Canada is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. ReSolve Canada was founded in 2015 and provides investment management services to registered investment companies.

 

Subject to the oversight and approval of the Advisor, ReSolve Canada is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, ReSolve Canada is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays ReSolve Canada 12.5% of the net management fees that the Advisor receives from the Fund.

 

Trading Advisor: The Fund’s trading advisor is ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (“ReSolve Global”), located at 90 North Church Street Strathvale House, 5th Floor Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-9012. ReSolve Global is registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator and as a commodity trading advisor. ReSolve Global is registered with the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority as a Registered Person under section 5(4) and schedule 4 of the Securities Investment Business Law (as revised and amended) of the Cayman Islands. Founded in 2019, ReSolve Global, in addition to serving as the Fund’s trading advisor, provides investment management and trading advisor services to ReSolve Canada, sophisticated persons, and private funds. The principal owner of ReSolve Global is Michael Philbrick.

 

Subject to the oversight and approval of the Advisor and ReSolve Canada, ReSolve Global is responsible for making investment decisions and ordering the execution of portfolio transactions for the futures component of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, ReSolve Global is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance-related records of the Fund. As compensation for the trading advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays ReSolve Global 37.5% of the net management fees that the Advisor receives from the Fund.

 

120

 

 

Sub-Advisor of Rational Inflation Growth Fund

 

SL Advisors, LLC (“SL Advisors”) a New Jersey limited liability company located at 10 Kimball Circle, Westfield, NJ 07090, is the investment sub-advisor to the Fund. In addition to serving as the investment sub-advisor to the Fund, SL Advisors provides investment advice to individuals, family offices and institutions. SL Advisors is controlled by Simon Lack.

 

Under the supervision of the Advisor, SL Advisors is responsible for making investment decisions and executing portfolio transactions for the Fund. In addition, SL Advisors is responsible for maintaining certain transaction and compliance related records of the Fund. As compensation for the sub-advisory services it provides to the Fund, the Advisor pays SL Advisors 50% of the management fees that the Advisor receives from the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational Equity Armor Fund

 

Brian Stutland, Luke Rahbari, and Joseph Tigay are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Stutland is the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager.

 

Brian Stutland, Managing Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Equity Armor since 2011, has served as the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager since 2019. He is also a Member of Tremis, LLC, a Cryptocurrency mining and trading operations firm, since 2017 and a Member of Equity Armor Advisers, LLC. Prior to founding Equity Armor in 2011, Mr. Stutland was the Managing Member and Floor Trader of Stutland Equities, LLC (2005 to 2011) and was a Trader and Market Maker for LETCO Trading from 1999 to 2002). Mr. Stutland earned his Bachelor of Science in Engineering and his Masters of Science in Engineering from University of Michigan.

 

Luke Rahbari, a Member and Portfolio Manager of Equity Armor since 2011, has served as a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2019. He is also a Member of Tremis, LLC, a Cryptocurrency mining and trading operations firm, since 2017 and a Member of Equity Armor Advisers, LLC. Prior to founding Equity Armor in 2011, Mr. Rahbari served as an Asset Manager of Peachtree Asset Management (2007 to 2011), worked on the Institutional Equity Derivatives Desk of Toronto Dominion Bank (2002-2006) and was a Floor Trader, Market Maker, Specialist Registered Options of LETCO Trading (1994 to 2002). Mr. Rahbari earned his Bachelor of Business Administration from Eastern Michigan University and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business.

 

Joseph Tigay, Chief Trading Officer and Portfolio Manager of Equity Armor since 2011, has served as a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2019. He is also a Member of Tremis, LLC, a Cryptocurrency mining and trading operations firm, since 2017 and a Member and Investment Adviser Representative of Equity Armor Advisers, LLC. Prior to founding Equity Armor in 2011, Mr. Tigay served as a Floor Trader, Market Maker and Clerk for Stutland Equities, LLC (2005 to 2011). Mr. Tigay earned his Bachelor of Business Administration from Eastern Michigan University.

 

121

 

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational Tactical Return Fund

 

Scott C. Kimple and Mark W. Adams are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Kimple is the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager.

 

Scott C. Kimple, Principal and Portfolio Manager of Warrington since its inception in 2008. Mr. Kimple also serves as the Portfolio Manager to private commodity pools sponsored by an affiliate of Warrington, as well as to separate commodity trading accounts. From 1991 to 2015, Mr. Kimple was employed by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC and its predecessors (“MSSB”) as a registered representative and was registered with the NFA as an Associated Person of MSSB during that period Mr. Kimple received a BBA in finance from Southern Methodist University and an MBA, with emphasis in Finance and Derivative Securities, from SMU’s Cox School of Business.

 

Mark W. Adams, Assistant Portfolio Manager of Warrington since 2015. From 2009 to 2014, Mr. Adams was employed by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (“MSSB”) and was registered with the NFA as an Associated Person of MSSB. Mr. Adams graduated from Washington University in St. Louis where he received a BBA with a triple major in Finance, Management and International Business. He also received an MBA from Southern Methodist University’s Cox School of Business.

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational Dynamic Brands Fund

 

David Garff, Eric M. Clark, and James Calhoun are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

David Garff, CIMA, Founder, President, Chief Investment Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Accuvest since 2005. Prior to joining the Sub-Advisor, Mr. Garff was a Senior Investment Management Consultant to Smith Barney from 1995 to 2005 and a Financial Consultant for Merrill Lynch from 1992 to 1995. Mr. Garff graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Spanish Translation from Brigham Young University and a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.

 

Eric C. Clark, a Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor since 2016. Mr. Clark founded the Alpha Brands investment strategy in 2016. Prior to joining the Sub-Advisor, Mr. Clark was a Regional Vice President of Transamerica from 2014 to 2015; Regional Vice President of Lord Abbett from 2013 to 2015; and Portfolio Manager for Breakaway Partners from 2005 to 2013. Mr. Clark graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Urban Planning with emphasis in Real Estate and Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park.

 

James Calhoun, CFA, a Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Associate of the Sub-Advisor since 2013. From 2011 to 2013, Mr. Calhoun was a Portfolio Manager of Ascentia Capital Management. Mr. Calhoun obtained a Bachelor of Science degrees in Finance and Economics for the University of Nevada, Reno.

 

Portfolio Manager of Rational Strategic Allocation Fund

 

David Miller is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

David Miller, Owner, CIO and Senior Portfolio Manager of the Advisor since 2016, has served as the Portfolio Manager of the Fund since 2016. He is also the CIO of Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC (“Catalyst”), an affiliate of the Advisor, since 2016 and 2006, respectively. He co-founded Catalyst in 2006 and is responsible for the day-to-day management of several funds managed by Catalyst. Mr. Miller is also a member of Catalyst International Advisors LLC since 2019, Insights Media LLC since 2019, and Catalyst Insurance Corporation II since 2018. Prior to founding Catalyst, Mr. Miller was the Chief Executive Officer of Investment Catalyst, an investment newsletter he founded in 2005, which worked to identify undervalued stocks with a near term catalyst for appreciation. He received a BS in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School and a MBA in Finance from the University of Michigan, Ross School of Business.

 

122

 

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

 

Andrew Butler, Michael Philbrick, Adam Butler, and Rodrigo Gordillo are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Andrew Butler. Andrew Butler has been Portfolio Manager of ReSolve Canada since 2020. Mr. Butler joined ReSolve Canada in 2014 as a Quantitative Analyst and was promoted to Head of Quant Research in 2015. He is a CFA Charterholder, holds a Master’s in Applied Mathematics from York University, a Graduate Diploma in Financial Engineering from the Schulich School of Business and is currently a doctoral student in Mechanical & Industrial Engineering at University of Toronto.

 

Michael Philbrick CIM®, AIFP®. Mr. Philbrick is a Co-Founder, CEO and Portfolio Manager of ReSolve Global. Prior to co-founding ReSolve Global in 2019, Mr. Philbrick was Co-Founder, President and Portfolio Manager of ReSolve Canada from 2015 to 2019; a Portfolio Manager at Dundee Private Wealth from 2014 to 2015; Branch Manager and Portfolio Manager at Macquarie Private Wealth (Canada) from 2011 to 2014; Branch Manager and Portfolio Manager at Richardson GMP’s flagship Toronto branch from 2005 to 2011; Branch Manager and Investment Advisor at Scotia McLeod from 2002 to 2005; and Investment Advisor at BMO Nesbitt Burns from 1994 to 2001. Mr. Philbrick is a Chartered Investment Manager® and Accredited Investment Fiduciary®.

 

Adam Butler CFA, CAIA, Adam Butler has been CIO of ReSolve Global since 2021, prior to which he was a Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Ultimate Designated Person, and Portfolio Manager of ReSolve Canada from 2015 to 2020; Portfolio Manager at Dundee Private Wealth from 2014 to 2015; Portfolio Manager at Macquarie Private Wealth (Canada) from 2011 to 2014; Portfolio Manager at Richardson GMP’s flagship Toronto branch from 2005 to 2011; and Investment Advisor at BMO Nesbitt Burns from 1994 to 2001. Mr. Butler holds Chartered Financial Analyst® and Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst® charters.

 

Rodrigo Gordillo CIM®, Mr. Gordillo has been President of ReSolve Global since 2021, prior to which he was a Co-Founder, President, Secretary, and Portfolio Manager of ReSolve Canada from 2015 to 2020; Portfolio Manager at Dundee Private Wealth from 2014 to 2015; Portfolio Manager at Macquarie Private Wealth (Canada) from 2011 to 2014; Investment Advisor at Macquarie Private Wealth (Canada) from 2006 to 2011. Mr. Gordillo is a Chartered Investment Manager®.

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

 

Francis T. Timons and Sean J. Aurigemma are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Timons is the Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund.

 

Francis J. Timons is the founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Sub-Advisor. Prior to founding the Sub-Advisor in October 2013, Mr. Timons had several roles at Lord Abbett & Co including Portfolio Manager for the convertible strategy (2012-2013); Portfolio Manager for the large cap core and large cap value strategies (2010-2012); and Research Analyst specializing in technology companies (2007-2010). Mr. Timons was also a Research Analyst at Robert W. Baird & Co (2004–2007) and a Senior Strategist at Sun MicroSystems focusing on venture capital investments (2001-2004). Mr. Timons graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from University of Notre Dame, a Juris Doctorate from Notre Dame Law School and a Master of Business Administration from University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business.

 

Sean J. Aurigemma is a Partner, Chief Compliance Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor. Mr. Aurigemma is an established industry veteran with more than 30 years of direct investment experience. Prior to joining the Sub-Advisor in October 2018, he was the Lead Portfolio Manager for Large Cap Value and Value Equity Strategies at Lord Abbett & Co. managing approximately $5B in assets (2014-2018). Mr. Aurigemma was also a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley Investment Management and Lead Portfolio Manager for Morgan Stanley’s Dividend Growth Portfolio (2004-2007) and Financial Services Trust Portfolio (2001-2004); a Research Analyst at Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown (1995-1999); and an Investment Banking Analyst at both Prudential Securities and Kidder Peabody & Co (1993-1995). Mr. Aurigemma graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with high honors from University of Notre Dame.

 

123

 

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational Special Situations Income Fund

 

Eric S. Meyer and William R. Van de Water are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Eric S. Meyer has been working in finance since 1995 and he founded ESM Management LLC in January 2009. From 1997 through 2008, Dr. Meyer worked at Susquehanna International Group. His primary responsibilities included building and managing the emerging markets bond trading group, building and managing a fixed income arbitrage group, creating and managing tax-advantaged trading strategies, and trading and investing in mortgage-backed securities. From 1995 through 1997, he was a quantitative researcher in the fixed income relative value arbitrage group at D. E. Shaw & Co., a hedge fund based in New York. Before entering the financial field, Dr. Meyer was a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. He received both his A.B. degree and Ph.D. degree in Physics from Harvard University and his J.D from Boston College Law School in 2020. He has been admitted to the Bar Association of both Oregon and Massachusetts.

 

William R. Van de Water has been working in finance since 2005. Mr. Van de Water joined ESM Management LLC as a residential mortgage-backed securities analyst and trader in June 2009 and became a managing director in December 2009. In 2014, Mr. Van de Water became a co-portfolio manager at ESM Management LLC. From 2005 through March 2009, Mr. Van de Water worked in the Boston office of Susquehanna International Group. His primary responsibility was to analyze and trade mortgage-backed securities. Mr. Van de Water earned joint B.S. degrees in Physics, Business, Economics, and Management from the California Institute of Technology in 2005.

 

Portfolio Managers of Rational Inflation Growth Fund

 

Simon Lack and Henry Hoffman are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Simon Lack –Founder, Managing Partner and Chief Compliance Officer of SL Advisors. Following 23 years in North American Fixed Income Derivatives and Forward FX trading at JPMorgan, in 2009, Mr. Lack founded SL Advisors, LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. SL Advisors manages investments in energy infrastructure, including the Catalyst Energy Infrastructure Fund, the American Energy Independence Fund, and separately managed accounts. While at JPMorgan, Mr. Lack sat on JPMorgan’s investment committee and founded the JPMorgan Incubator Funds, two private equity vehicles that took economic stakes in emerging hedge fund managers. He is the author of “The Hedge Fund Mirage: The Illusion of Big Money and Why It’s Too Good to Be True” (2012) and “Bonds Are Not Forever: The Crisis Facing Fixed Income Investors” (2013). Mr. Lack is a CFA Charterholder and member of the CFA Society, Naples, Florida.

 

Henry Hoffman –Partner of SL Advisors. Mr. Hoffman is Portfolio Manager of the SL Advisors MLP & Infrastructure SMA strategies. He is Co-Portfolio Manager of the Catalyst Energy Infrastructure Fund (MLXIX) and Co-Portfolio Manager for the Rational Inflation Growth Fund (IGOIX). He is a co-creator of the American Energy Indices. Prior to joining SL Advisors, Mr. Hoffman worked as a buy-side equity analyst for PNC Capital Advisors and as a private equity real estate analyst for PNC Realty Investors. He graduated from Duke University with a B.S in Economics and Minor in Chemistry.

 

*                     *                     *

 

The Funds’ SAI provide additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, management of other accounts, and ownership of securities in the Funds.

 

124

 

 

Manager-of-Managers Order

 

An affiliate of the Advisor has obtained an exemptive order (the “Order”) from the Securities and Exchange Commission that would permit the Advisor, with the Board of Trustees’ approval, to enter into sub-advisory agreements with one or more sub-advisors with respect to the Fund without obtaining shareholder approval. The Order permits the Advisor, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to replace sub-advisors or amend sub-advisory agreements, including with respect to sub-advisory fees, without shareholder approval whenever the Advisor and the Trustees believe such action will benefit the Fund and its shareholders. Shareholders will be notified if and when a new sub-advisor is employed by the Advisor within 90 days of such change.

 

Regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act

 

(Rational Equity Armor Fund, Rational Tactical Return Fund, Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund, and Rational Strategic Allocation Fund only)

 

The Advisor is registered as a CPO under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC and is subject to CFTC regulation with respect to the Funds. The CFTC has adopted rules regarding the disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping requirements that apply with respect to the Funds as a result of the Advisor’s registration as a CPO. Generally, these rules allow for substituted compliance with CFTC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements, based on the Advisor’s compliance with comparable SEC requirements. This means that for most of the CFTC’s disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements applicable to the Advisor as the Funds’ CPO, the Advisor’s compliance with SEC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements will be deemed to fulfill the Advisor’s CFTC compliance obligations. However, as a result of CFTC regulation with respect to the Funds, the Funds may incur additional compliance and other expenses.

 

Exclusion of Advisor from Commodity Pool Operator Definition

 

(Rational Dynamic Brands Fund, Rational Special Situations Income Fund, and Rational Inflation Growth Fund only)

 

With respect to the Funds, the Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of CPO under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC and, therefore, is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO. In addition, with respect to the Funds, the Advisor is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of commodity trading adviser under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC.

 

The terms of the CPO exclusion require each Fund, among other things, to adhere to certain limits on its investments in commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable currency forward contracts, as further described in the Fund’s SAI. Because the Advisor and the Funds intend to comply with the terms of the CPO exclusion, each Fund may, in the future, need to adjust its investment strategies, consistent with its investment objective, to limit its investments in these types of instruments. The Funds are not intended as vehicles for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options, or swaps markets. The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the Advisor’s reliance on these exclusions, or the Funds, their investment strategies or this prospectus.

 

125

 

 

Advisory and Sub-Advisory Services

 

The Funds pay the Advisor management fees as a percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets for its services as investment advisor as set forth in the chart below and the paragraphs that immediately follow:

 

Fund Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets
  Rate for the
First $500 Million
Rate for the
Next $500 Million
Rate for Excess
Over $1 Billion
Rational Equity Armor Fund 0.75% 0.70% 0.65%
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund 0.75% 0.70% 0.65%

 

Fund Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets
Rational Tactical Return Fund 1.75%
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund 0.10%
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund 1.75%
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund 0.85%
Rational Special Situations Income Fund 1.50%
Rational Inflation Growth Fund 1.25%

 

Advisory Fees

 

The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses, but only to the extent necessary to maintain the total annual operating expenses of each Fund other than Rational Equity Armor Fund (excluding (i) acquired fund fees and expenses; (ii) brokerage commissions and trading costs; (iii) interest (including borrowing costs and overdraft charges), (iv) taxes, (v) short sale dividends and interest expenses, and (vi) non-routine or extraordinary expenses, such as regulatory inquiry and litigation expenses and (vii) with respect to Rational Special Situations Income Fund only, costs and expenses of litigation or claims on behalf of the Fund regarding portfolio investments initiated (or threatened) by the investment advisor or sub-advisor) at a certain level through April 30, 2023. The arrangement may only be terminated prior to this date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under certain conditions, the Advisor may recoup management fees that it waived or Fund expenses that it paid under this agreement for a period of three years from the date the fees were waived or expenses paid, if the recoupment can be achieved without causing the expense ratio of the share class (after the recoupment is taken into account) to exceed (i) the expense limit in effect at the time the fees were waived or expenses paid, or (ii) the expense limit in place at the time of the recoupment.

 

The following table describes the expense limitation for each Fund, calculated as an annual percentage of the average daily net assets of each share class.

 

126

 

 

Fund Expense Limitation
Class A Class C Institutional Shares
Rational Tactical Return Fund 2.24% 2.99% 1.99%
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund 1.49% 2.24% 1.24%
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund 0.70% 1.45% 0.45%
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund 2.22% 2.97% 1.97%
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund 1.24% 1.99% 0.99%
Rational Special Situations Income Fund 2.00% 2.75% 1.75%
Rational Inflation Growth Fund 1.74% 2.49% 1.49%

 

For the fiscal year or period ended December 31, 2021, the Funds paid the Advisor management fees (after waivers) as a percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets:

 

Fund Net Advisory Fee Received
Rational Equity Armor Fund 0.69%
Rational Tactical Return Fund 1.71%
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund 0.80%
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund 0%
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund 1.56%
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund 0.68%
Rational Special Situations Income Fund 1.48%
Rational Inflation Growth Fund 0%*

 

* Commenced operations on August 18, 2021.

 

The Funds may directly enter into agreements with financial intermediaries (which may include banks, brokers, securities dealers and other industry professionals) pursuant to which a Fund will pay the financial intermediary for services such as networking or sub-transfer agency, including the maintenance of “street name” or omnibus accounts and related sub-accounting, record-keeping and administrative services provided to such accounts. Each Fund, through its Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, or each Fund’s respective Advisor or Sub-Advisor (not the Fund) may also pay certain financial intermediaries a fee for providing distribution related services for each respective Fund’s shareholders to the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by applicable statute, rule or regulation. Please refer to the section of the SAI entitled “Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries” for more information.

 

127

 

 

The Trust’s annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year or period ended December 31, 2021, contains discussions regarding the basis of the Board’s approval or renewal of the following management, sub-advisory, and trading advisory agreements:

 

Renewal or Approval Type of Agreement Parties to the Agreement Applicable Funds
Renewal Management Trust and Rational Rational Equity Armor Fund
Rational Tactical Return Fund
Rational Dynamic Brands Fund
Rational Strategic Allocation Fund
Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund
Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund
Rational Special Situations Income Fund
Approval Management Trust and Rational Rational Inflation Growth Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and Equity Armor Rational Equity Armor Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and Warrington Rational Tactical Return Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and Accuvest Rational Dynamic Brands Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and ReSolve Canada Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund
Renewal Trading Advisory Rational and ReSolve Global Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and Pier 88 Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund
Renewal Sub-Advisory Rational and ESM Rational Special Situations Income Fund
Approval Sub-Advisory Rational and SL Advisors Rational Inflation Growth Fund

 

Prior Performance of the Sub-Advisor to Rational Tactical Return Fund:

 

Provided below is the historical performance of Warrington’s Tactical Return Composite, which includes all client accounts managed by Warrington with investment objectives, strategies and policies substantially similar to the Fund. The composite performance returns do not reflect the performance of any one account. Individual accounts may have realized more or less favorable results than the composite results provided. For comparison purposes, the Tactical Return Composite is measured against the S&P 500 Total Return Index.

 

This information is provided to illustrate the past performance of Warrington in managing accounts in a substantially similar manner as the Fund but does not represent the performance of the Fund. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Performance results may be materially affected by market and economic conditions. Investors should not consider this performance data as an indication of future performance of the Fund, or the return an individual investor might achieve by investing in the Fund. 

 

128

 

 

From May 1, 2012 to January 31, 2015, the Tactical Return Composite was composed of only proprietary accounts. These proprietary accounts did not pay any account fees. The performance returns set forth below from May 1, 2012 to January 31, 2015 are calculated and presented pro forma net of a 2% management fee and a 20% incentive fee, and net of all brokerage and trading related expenses in accordance with CFTC and National Futures Association (“NFA”) standards.

 

The performance of the Tactical Return Composite from February 1, 2015 to October 31, 2017 represents third party accounts and is calculated “net” of all actual separate account fees (i.e., it includes the impact of all account fees and expenses). None of the accounts in the Tactical Return Composite had a sales load. Fees and expenses of the private accounts included in the Sub-Advisor’s Tactical Return Composite are generally higher than those of the Fund and, therefore, the Fund’s results would be different than the returns reflected below. However, the Fund’s results may be lower because private accounts are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed on mutual funds by the 1940 Act or the Internal Revenue Code, which, if applicable, could have adversely affected the performance of the private accounts.

 

The performance of the Tactical Return Composite has not been audited. The performance results are calculated substantially in accordance with CFTC and NFA standards, which may differ from those of the SEC.

 

Sub-Advisor’s Tactical Return Composite Net Dollar Weighted Annual Returns

 

For the Years Ended

December 31

Tactical Return
Composite
S&P 500 Total Return
Index
2012* 1.62% 3.69%
2013 10.63% 32.39%
2014 14.62% 13.69%
2015 7.58% 1.38%
2016 6.04% 11.96%
2017 7.63% 21.83%
2018 5.28% -4.39%
2019 4.59% 31.49%
2020 1.40% 18.40%
2021 4.02% 28.71%

 

* Returns for the period May 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.

 

Average Annual Total Returns (for the periods ended December 31, 2021)

 

  ONE YEAR FIVE YEAR SINCE INCEPTION1
Tactical Return Composite 4.02% 4.57% 6.50%
S&P 500 Total Return Index2  28.71% 18.47% 15.80%

 

1 Inception: May 1, 2012.
2 The S&P 500 Total Return Index is a capitalization weighted index that measures the performance of 500 large-cap U.S. stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, sector representation and other factors. The S&P 500 Total Return Index reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment.

 

129

 

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Rational Equity Armor Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last five fiscal years or since the commencement of operations if less than five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the last five fiscal years has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Year

 

    Institutional  
    For the     For the       For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended       Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,       December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020       2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 7.96     $ 6.94       $ 6.58     $ 8.02     $ 8.64  
                                           
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                          
Net investment income (A)     0.07       0.08         0.22       0.34       0.30  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     1.07       1.03         0.51       (1.26 )     (0.47 )
Total from investment operations     1.14       1.11         0.73       (0.92 )     (0.17 )
                                           
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                          
From net investment income     (0.11 )     (0.09 )       (0.37 )     (0.52 )     (0.45 )
From net realized gains on investments                                
Total distributions     (0.11 )     (0.09 )       (0.37 )     (0.52 )     (0.45 )
                                           
Net asset value, end of year   $ 8.99     $ 7.96       $ 6.94     $ 6.58     $ 8.02  
                                           
Total return (B)     14.37 %(E)     16.00 % (E)     11.32 %     (11.96 )%     (1.99 )%
                                           
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                          
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 58,975     $ 46,451       $ 7,155     $ 4,940     $ 12,188  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                          
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C)     1.15 %     1.32 %       1.75 %     1.58 %     1.33 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C)     1.10 %     1.01 %       1.00 %     1.00 %     1.00 %
Net investment income     0.80 %     1.10 %       3.12 %     4.32 %     3.53 %
Portfolio turnover rate     239 %     480 %       394 %     307 %     224 %

 

130

 

 

    Class A  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 7.95     $ 6.93     $ 6.57     $ 8.01     $ 8.63  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (A)     0.05       0.04       0.20       0.32       0.30  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     1.07       1.05       0.51       (1.26 )     (0.49 )
Total from investment operations     1.12       1.09       0.71       (0.94 )     (0.19 )
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (0.09 )     (0.07 )     (0.35 )     (0.50 )     (0.43 )
From net realized gains on investments                              
Total distributions     (0.09 )     (0.07 )     (0.35 )     (0.50 )     (0.43 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 8.98     $ 7.95     $ 6.93     $ 6.57     $ 8.01  
                                         
Total return (B)     14.11 %     15.74 %     11.03 %     (12.22 )%     (2.24 )%
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 11,858     $ 12,099     $ 11,462     $ 12,629     $ 20,327  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (D)     1.40 %     1.69 %     2.00 %     1.82 %     1.57 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (D)     1.35 %     1.26 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %
Net investment income     0.55 %     0.58 %     2.90 %     4.17 %     3.52 %
Portfolio turnover rate     239 %     480 %     394 %     307 %     224 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.15 %     1.31 %     1.75 %     1.58 %     1.33 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.10 %     1.00 %     1.00 %     1.00 %     1.00 %

 

(D) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.40 %     1.68 %     2.00 %     1.82 %     1.57 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.35 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %     1.25 %

 

(E) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.

 

131

 

 

    Class C  
    For the     For the     For the       For the       For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended       Year Ended       Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,       December 31,       December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019       2018       2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 7.90     $ 6.91     $ 6.55       $ 7.99       $ 8.61  
                                             
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                            
Net investment income (loss) (A)     (0.01 )     (0.01 )     0.15         0.27         0.29  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     1.07       1.04       0.51         (1.27 )       (0.52 )
Total from investment operations     1.06       1.03       0.66         (1.00 )       (0.23 )
                                             
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                            
From net investment income     (0.03 )     (0.04 )     (0.30 )       (0.44 )       (0.39 )
From net realized gains on investments                                  
Total distributions     (0.03 )     (0.04 )     (0.30 )       (0.44 )       (0.39 )
                                             
Net asset value, end of year   $ 8.93     $ 7.90     $ 6.91       $ 6.55       $ 7.99  
                                             
Total return (B)     13.40 %     14.88 %     10.23 % (C)     (12.92 )% (C)     (2.68 )%
                                             
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                            
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 1,771     $ 1,164     $ 1,252       $ 1,664       $ 2,799  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                            
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (D)     2.15 %     2.39 %     2.75 %       2.59 %       2.31 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (D)     2.06 %     2.01 %     2.00 %       1.90 %       1.75 %
Net investment income (loss)     (0.16 )%     (0.18 )%     2.16 %       3.52 %       3.50 %
Portfolio turnover rate     239 %     480 %     394 %       307 %       224 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.
(D) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.14 %     2.38 %     2.75 %       2.59 %       2.31 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.06 %     2.00 %     2.00 %       1.90 %       1.75 %

 

132

 

 

Rational Tactical Return Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last five fiscal years or since the commencement of operations if less than five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the last five fiscal years has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Year

 

    Institutional  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 5.69     $ 5.66     $ 5.40     $ 4.99     $ 5.12  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (loss) (A)     (0.11 )     (0.09 )     (0.01 )     (0.06 )     0.01  
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     0.33       0.24       0.46       0.55       0.14  
Total from investment operations     0.22       0.15       0.45       0.49       0.15  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income                       (0.01 )     (0.28 )
From net realized gains on investments     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.07 )      
Total distributions     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.08 )     (0.28 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 5.70     $ 5.69     $ 5.66     $ 5.40     $ 4.99  
                                         
Total return (B)     3.94 %     2.65 %     8.35 %     9.66 %     2.89 %(C)
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 264,557     $ 199,987     $ 151,070     $ 18,333     $ 5,451  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (E)     2.04 %     2.05 %     2.15 %     3.16 %     4.29 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (E)     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.17 %
Net investment income (loss)     (1.98 )%     (1.54 )%     (0.15 )%     (1.20 )%     0.22 %
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     199 %

 

133

 

 

    Class A  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 5.72     $ 5.70     $ 5.45     $ 5.04     $ 5.16  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (loss) (A)     (0.13 )     (0.09 )     (0.02 )     (0.07 )     0.01  
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     0.34       0.23       0.46       0.55       0.14  
Total from investment operations     0.21       0.14       0.44       0.48       0.15  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income                       (0.00 )(D)     (0.27 )
From net realized gains on investments     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.07 )      
Total distributions     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.07 )     (0.27 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 5.72     $ 5.72     $ 5.70     $ 5.45     $ 5.04  
                                         
Total return (B)     3.75 %     2.45 %     8.09 %     9.45 %     2.98 %(C)
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 18,494     $ 7,423     $ 15,097     $ 18,327     $ 449  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (F)     2.29 %     2.33 %     2.51 %     3.50 %     4.54 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (F)     2.24 %     2.24 %     2.24 %     2.24 %     1.35 %
Net investment income (loss)     (2.23 )%     (1.64 )%     (0.31 )%     (1.20 )%     0.19 %
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     199 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.
(D) Amount is less than $0.005.
(E) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.04 %     2.05 %     2.51 %     3.50 %     4.54 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.99 %     1.99 %     2.24 %     2.24 %     1.35 %

 

(F) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.29 %     2.33 %     2.51 %     3.50 %     4.54 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.24 %     2.24 %     2.24 %     2.24 %     1.35 %

 

134

 

 

    Class C  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 5.60     $ 5.62     $ 5.43     $ 5.06     $ 5.16  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment loss (A)     (0.17 )     (0.14 )     (0.07 )     (0.12 )     (0.03 )
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     0.33       0.24       0.45       0.56       0.15  
Total from investment operations     0.16       0.10       0.38       0.44       0.12  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income                             (0.22 )
From net realized gains on investments     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.07 )      
Total distributions     (0.21 )     (0.12 )     (0.19 )     (0.07 )     (0.22 )
                                         
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 5.55     $ 5.60     $ 5.62     $ 5.43     $ 5.06  
                                         
Total return (B)     2.94 %     1.77 %     7.01 %     8.62 %     2.42 %(C)
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 9,444     $ 9,130     $ 6,453     $ 1     $ 1  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (D)     3.00 %     3.04 %     3.11 %     4.16 %     5.29 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (D)     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.17 %
Net investment loss     (2.98 )%     (2.54 )%     (1.18 )%     (2.34 )%     (0.53 )%
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     199 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.
(D) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     3.00 %     3.04 %     3.11 %     4.16 %     5.29 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.99 %     2.17 %

 

135

 

 

Rational Dynamic Brands Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last five fiscal years or since the commencement of operations if less than five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the last five fiscal years has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Year

 

  Institutional  
    For the     For the     For the     For the       For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended       Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,       December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018(A)       2017(A)  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 56.20     $ 43.30     $ 34.20     $ 34.90       $ 37.80  
                                           
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                          
Net investment income (loss) (B)     (0.41 )     (0.33 )     (0.14 )     0.16         0.20  
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     8.68       19.98       9.38       0.07 (D)     5.40  
Total from investment operations     8.27       19.65       9.24       0.23         5.60  
                                           
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                          
From net investment income                       (0.09 )       (0.20 )
From net realized gains on investments     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )     (0.84 )       (8.30 )
Total distributions     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )     (0.93 )       (8.50 )
                                           
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 59.52     $ 56.20     $ 43.30     $ 34.20       $ 34.90  
                                           
Total return (C)     14.97 %     45.28 %     27.03 %     0.72 %       14.66 %
                                           
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                          
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 82,648     $ 53,102     $ 21,627     $ 16,725       $ 3,269  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                          
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (E)     1.10 %     1.25 %     1.45 %     1.67 %       1.69 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (E)     1.14 %     1.24 %     1.17 %     1.00 %       1.00 %
Net investment income (loss)     (0.65 )%     (0.56 )%     (0.36 )%     0.42 %       0.60 %
Portfolio turnover rate     225 %     320 %     220 %     411 %       305 %

 

136

 

 

    Class A  
    For the     For the     For the     For the       For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended       Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,       December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018(A)       2017(A)  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 37.16     $ 30.27     $ 24.00     $ 24.70       $ 28.90  
                                           
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                          
Net investment income (loss) (B)     (0.41 )     (0.28 )     (0.16 )     0.02         0.10  
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     5.69       13.92       6.57       0.12 (D)     4.10  
Total from investment operations     5.28       13.64       6.41       0.14         4.20  
                                           
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                          
From net investment income                               (0.10 )
From net realized gains on investments     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )     (0.84 )       (8.30 )
Total distributions     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )     (0.84 )       (8.40 )
                                           
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 37.49     $ 37.16     $ 30.27     $ 24.00       $ 24.70  
                                           
Total return (C)     14.59 %     44.91 %     26.72 %     0.63 %       14.30 %
                                           
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                          
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 23,205     $ 17,972     $ 12,387     $ 11,154       $ 12,870  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                          
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (F)     1.37 %     1.52 %     1.74 %     2.05 %       1.94 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (F)     1.47 %     1.49 %     1.41 %     1.25 %       1.25 %
Net investment income (loss)     (1.00 )%     (0.82 )%     (0.59 )%     0.08 %       0.35 %
Portfolio turnover rate     225 %     320 %     220 %     411 %       305 %

 

 
(A) Effective September 21, 2018, the Fund had a one-to-ten reverse stock split. Per Share amounts for the periods have been adjusted to give effect to the one-to-ten stock split.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(C) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(D) As required by SEC standard per share data calculation methodology, this represents a balancing figure derived from the other amounts in the financial highlights tables that captures all other changes affecting net asset value per share. This per share gain amount does not correlate to the aggregate of the net realized and unrealized loss in the Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund’s shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the Fund’s portfolio.
(E) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.10 %     1.25 %     1.45 %     1.67 %     1.69 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.14 %     1.24 %     1.17 %     1.00 %     1.00 %

 

(F) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.37 %     1.52 %     1.74 %     2.05 %     1.94 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.47 %     1.49 %     1.41 %     1.25 %     1.25 %

 

137

 

 

    Class C
    For the     For the     For the       For the       For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended       Year Ended       Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,       December 31,       December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019       2018(A)       2017(A)  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 32.34     $ 27.15     $ 21.70       $ 22.60       $ 27.10  
                                             
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                            
Net investment loss (B)     (0.58 )     (0.50 )     (0.32 )       (0.14 )       (0.00 ) (C)
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     4.92       12.44       5.91         0.08 (F)     3.80  
Total from investment operations     4.34       11.94       5.59         (0.06 )       3.80  
                                             
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                            
From net investment income                                  
From net realized gains on investments     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )       (0.84 )       (8.30 )
Total distributions     (4.95 )     (6.75 )     (0.14 )       (0.84 )       (8.30 )
                                             
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 31.73     $ 32.34     $ 27.15       $ 21.70       $ 22.60  
                                             
Total return (D)     13.85 %     43.80 %     25.78 % (E)     (0.20 )% (E)     14.03 %
                                             
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                            
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 4,898     $ 1,525     $ 184       $ 214       $ 231  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                            
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (G)     2.08 %     2.41 %     2.68 %       2.73 %       2.65 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (G)     2.12 %     2.24 %     2.15 %       1.91 %       1.75 %
Net investment loss     (1.62 )%     (1.54 )%     (1.30 )%       (0.59 )%       (0.14 )%
Portfolio turnover rate     225 %     320 %     220 %       411 %       305 %

 

 
(A) Effective September 21, 2018, the Fund had a one-to-ten reverse stock split. Per Share amounts for the periods have been adjusted to give effect to the one-to-ten stock split.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(C) Amount is less than $0.005.
(D) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(E) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.
(F) As required by SEC standard per share data calculation methodology, this represents a balancing figure derived from the other amounts in the financial highlights tables that captures all other changes affecting net asset value per share. This per share gain amount does not correlate to the aggregate of the net realized and unrealized loss in the Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund’s shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the Fund’s portfolio.
(G) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.08 %     2.41 %     2.68 %     2.73 %     2.65 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.12 %     2.24 %     2.15 %     1.91 %     1.75 %

 

138

 

 

Rational Strategic Allocation Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last five fiscal years or since the commencement of operations if less than five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the last five fiscal years has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Year

 

    Institutional  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 8.94     $ 9.58     $ 9.12     $ 10.02     $ 9.37  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (A)     0.40       0.27       0.36       0.39       0.33  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     2.54       (0.61 )     0.79       (0.67 )     0.78  
Total from investment operations     2.94       (0.34 )     1.15       (0.28 )     1.11  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (0.36 )     (0.28 )     (0.41 )     (0.36 )     (0.46 )
From net realized gains on investments     (1.28 )           (0.22 )     (0.26 )      
From Return of capital           (0.02 )     (0.06 )            
Total distributions     (1.64 )     (0.30 )     (0.69 )     (0.62 )     (0.46 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 10.24     $ 8.94     $ 9.58     $ 9.12     $ 10.02  
                                         
Total return (B)     33.94 %     (3.19 )%     12.64 %     (2.81 )%     11.95 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 519     $ 248     $ 266     $ 253     $ 278  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C,E)     1.11 %     1.31 %     0.98 %     1.04 %     0.85 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C,E)     0.46 %     0.45 %     0.45 %     0.45 %     0.45 %
Net investment income (C,D)     3.78 %     3.26 %     3.67 %     3.91 %     3.35 %
Portfolio turnover rate     2 %     89 %     62 %     53 %     17 %

 

139

 

 

    Class A  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 8.99     $ 9.63     $ 9.15     $ 10.05     $ 9.40  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (A)     0.34       0.25       0.32       0.33       0.26  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     2.59       (0.61 )     0.82       (0.63 )     0.83  
Total from investment operations     2.93       (0.36 )     1.14       (0.30 )     1.09  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (0.34 )     (0.26 )     (0.38 )     (0.34 )     (0.44 )
From net realized gains on investments     (1.28 )           (0.22 )     (0.26 )      
From Return of capital           (0.02 )     (0.06 )            
Total distributions     (1.62 )     (0.28 )     (0.66 )     (0.60 )     (0.44 )
                                         
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 10.30     $ 8.99     $ 9.63     $ 9.15     $ 10.05  
                                         
Total return (B)     33.57 %     (3.42 )%     12.49 %     (3.05 )%     11.61 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 9,830     $ 7,713     $ 9,395     $ 9,842     $ 13,033  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C,F)     1.47 %     1.65 %     1.35 %     1.37 %     1.14 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C,F)     0.71 %     0.70 %     0.70 %     0.70 %     0.70 %
Net Investment income (C,D)     3.30 %     2.98 %     3.25 %     3.25 %     2.60 %
Portfolio turnover rate     2 %     89 %     62 %     53 %     17 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) The ratios of expenses to average net assets and net investment income (loss) to average net assets do not reflect the expenses of the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(D) Recognition of net investment income (loss) is affected by the timing and declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(E) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.10 %     1.31 %     0.98 %     1.04 %     0.85 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     0.45 %     0.45 %     0.45 %     0.45 %     0.45 %

 

(F) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.46 %     1.65 %     1.35 %     1.37 %     1.14 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     0.70 %     0.70 %     0.70 %     0.70 %     0.70 %

 

140

 

 

  Class C  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 8.95     $ 9.58     $ 9.11     $ 10.03     $ 9.39  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment income (A)     0.26       0.19       0.26       0.29       0.23  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     2.58       (0.61 )     0.80       (0.67 )     0.78  
Total from investment operations     2.84       (0.42 )     1.06       (0.38 )     1.01  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (0.26 )     (0.19 )     (0.31 )     (0.28 )     (0.37 )
From net realized gains on investments     (1.28 )           (0.22 )     (0.26 )      
From Return of capital           (0.02 )     (0.06 )            
Total distributions     (1.54 )     (0.21 )     (0.59 )     (0.54 )     (0.37 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 10.25     $ 8.95     $ 9.58     $ 9.11     $ 10.03  
                                         
Total return (B)     32.60 %     (4.13 )%     11.61 %     (3.83 )%     10.80 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 1     $ 1     $ 1     $ 1     $ 1  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C,E)     2.24 %     2.33 %     2.02 %     1.92 %     1.82 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C,E)     1.46 %     1.45 %     1.45 %     1.45 %     1.45 %
Net investment income (C,D)     2.53 %     2.26 %     2.65 %     2.89 %     2.31 %
Portfolio turnover rate     2 %     89 %     62 %     53 %     17 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) The ratios of expenses to average net assets and net investment income (loss) to average net assets do not reflect the expenses of the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(D) Recognition of net investment income (loss) is affected by the timing and declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(E) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.23 %     2.33 %     2.02 %     1.92 %     1.82 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.45 %     1.45 %     1.45 %     1.45 %     1.45 %

 

141

 

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Rational/ReSolve Adaptive Asset Allocation Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last five fiscal years or since the commencement of operations if less than five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the last five fiscal years has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Year

 

    Institutional  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 23.77     $ 23.73     $ 23.10     $ 25.25     $ 24.33  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment loss (A)     (0.50 )     (0.37 )     (0.02 )     (0.04 )     (0.32 )
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     3.16       0.52       4.32       (1.89 )     1.26  
Total from investment operations     2.66       0.15       4.30       (1.93 )     0.94  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (3.72 )     (0.08 )     (0.69 )            
From net realized gains on investments                 (2.94 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
From Return of capital           (0.03 )     (0.04 )            
Total distributions     (3.72 )     (0.11 )     (3.67 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 22.71     $ 23.77     $ 23.73     $ 23.10     $ 25.25  
                                         
Total return (B)     11.28 %     0.65 %     18.32 %     (7.64 )%     3.85 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 64,890     $ 62,176     $ 51,221     $ 27,460     $ 5,883  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C)     2.17 %     2.18 %     2.32 %     2.90 %     2.49 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C)     1.98 %     1.97 %     1.97 %     1.97 %     1.97 %
Net investment loss     (1.95 )%     (1.61 )%     (0.06 )%     (0.17 )%     (1.33 )%
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %

 

142

 

 

    Class A  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 23.61     $ 23.52     $ 22.96     $ 25.16     $ 24.30  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment loss (A)     (0.55 )     (0.36 )     (0.10 )     (0.11 )     (0.21 )
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     3.13       0.45       4.30       (1.87 )     1.09  
Total from investment operations     2.58       0.09       4.20       (1.98 )     0.88  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (3.66 )           (0.66 )            
From net realized gains on investments                 (2.94 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
From Return of capital                 (0.04 )            
Total distributions     (3.66 )           (3.64 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 22.53     $ 23.61     $ 23.52     $ 22.96     $ 25.16  
                                         
Total return (B)     10.99 %     0.38 %     18.01 %     (7.87 )%(E)     3.57 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 607     $ 776     $ 5,425     $ 2,169     $ 130  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (D)     2.36 %     2.47 %     2.60 %     3.14 %     2.90 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (D)     2.23 %     2.22 %     2.22 %     2.22 %     2.22 %
Net investment loss     (2.10 )%     (1.43 )%     (0.39 )%     (0.45 )%     (0.88 )%
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.16 %     2.18 %     2.32 %     2.90 %     2.49 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.97 %     1.97 %     1.97 %     1.97 %     1.97 %

 

(D) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.35 %     2.47 %     2.60 %     3.14 %     2.90 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.22 %     2.22 %     2.22 %     2.22 %     2.22 %

 

(E) Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and, consequently, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset values and returns for shareholder transactions.

 

143

 

 

  Class C  
    For the     For the     For the     For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  
Net asset value, beginning of year   $ 23.03     $ 23.11     $ 22.61     $ 24.96     $ 24.29  
                                         
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                        
Net investment loss (A)     (0.72 )     (0.57 )     (0.26 )     (0.31 )     (0.54 )
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments     3.05       0.49       4.20       (1.82 )     1.23  
Total from investment operations     2.33       (0.08 )     3.94       (2.13 )     0.69  
                                         
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                        
From net investment income     (3.48 )           (0.46 )            
From net realized gains on investments                 (2.94 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
From Return of capital                 (0.04 )            
Total distributions     (3.48 )           (3.44 )     (0.22 )     (0.02 )
                                         
Net asset value, end of year   $ 21.88     $ 23.03     $ 23.11     $ 22.61     $ 24.96  
                                         
Total return (B)     10.18 %     (0.35 )%     17.15 %     (8.53 )%     2.83 %
                                         
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 241     $ 250     $ 438     $ 322     $ 371  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                        
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (C)     3.18 %     3.35 %     3.37 %     4.65 %     3.60 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (C)     2.98 %     2.97 %     2.97 %     2.97 %     2.97 %
Net investment loss     (2.95 )%     (2.51 )%     (1.04 )%     (1.24 )%     (2.26 )%
Portfolio turnover rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %

 

 
(A) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year.
(B) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges. Had the Advisor not waived its fees and reimbursed expenses, total return would have been lower.
(C) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     3.17 %     3.35 %     3.37 %     4.65 %     3.60 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.97 %     2.97 %     2.97 %     2.97 %     2.97 %

 

144

 

 

Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last two fiscal years and period since the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and the fiscal period ended December 31, 2019, has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Fiscal Year or Period

 

 

Institutional    

Class A

   
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Period Ended
      For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Period Ended
   
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,       December 31,     December 31,     December 31,    
    2021     2020     2019(A)       2021     2020     2019(A)    
Net asset value, beginning of year/period   $ 11.69     $ 10.17     $ 10.00       $ 11.69     $ 10.17     $ 10.00    
                                                     
INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                                    
Net investment income (B)     0.13       0.17       0.03         0.11       0.39       0.02    
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     1.04       1.56       0.14         1.03       1.33       0.15    
Total from investment operations     1.17       1.73       0.17         1.14       1.72       0.17    
                                                     
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                                    
From net investment income     (0.17 )     (0.20 )             (0.13 )     (0.19 )        
From net realized gains on investments     (0.73 )     (0.01 )             (0.73 )     (0.01 )        
Total distributions     (0.90 )     (0.21 )             (0.86 )     (0.20 )        
                                                     
Net asset value, end of year/period   $ 11.96     $ 11.69     $ 10.17       $ 11.97     $ 11.69     $ 10.17    
                                                     
Total return (C)     10.21 %     17.08 %     1.70 % (D)     9.97 %     16.97 %     1.70 % (D)
                                                     
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                                    
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000’s)   $ 118,333     $ 73,946     $ 5,707       $ 2,231     $ 337     $ 0 (F)
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                                    
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (G)     1.17 %     1.25 %     7.22 % (E)     1.35 %     1.40 %     7.47 % (E)
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (G)     0.99 %     0.99 %     0.99 % (E)     1.24 %     1.24 %     1.24 % (E)
Net investment income     1.07 %     1.62 %     4.22 % (E)     0.88 %     3.50 %     3.17 % (E)
Portfolio turnover rate     130 %     140 %     5 % (D)     130 %     140 %     5 % (D)

 

 
(A) The Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund Institutional Class, Class A and Class C Shares commenced operations December 6, 2019.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
(C) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(D) Not Annualized
(E) Annualized
(F) Amount is less than $1000.
(G) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.17 %     1.25 %     7.22 %     1.35 %     1.40 %     7.47 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     0.99 %     0.99 %     0.99 %     1.24 %     1.24 %     1.24 %

 

145

 

 

    Class C  
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
      For the
Period Ended
   
    December 31,     December 31,       December 31,    
    2021     2020       2019(A)    
Net asset value, beginning of year/period   $ 11.66     $ 10.17       $ 10.00    
                             
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                            
Net investment income (B)     0.02       0.32         0.02    
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     1.02       1.34         0.15    
Total from investment operations     1.04       1.66         0.17    
                             
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                            
From net investment income     (0.07 )     (0.16 )          
From net realized gains on investments     (0.73 )     (0.01 )          
Total distributions     (0.80 )     (0.17 )          
                             
Net asset value, end of year/period   $ 11.90     $ 11.66       $ 10.17    
                             
Total return (C)     9.11 %     16.33 %       1.70 % (D)
                             
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                            
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000’s)   $ 249     $ 55 (F)   $ 0 (F)
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                            
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (G)     2.10 %     2.13 %       8.22 % (E)
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (G)     1.99 %     1.99 %       1.99 % (E)
Net investment income     0.17 %     2.87 %       3.17 % (E)
Portfolio turnover rate     130 %     140 %       5 % (D)

 

 
(A) The Rational/Pier 88 Convertible Securities Fund Institutional Class, Class A and Class C Shares commenced operations December 6, 2019.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
(C) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(D) Not Annualized
(E) Annualized
(F) Amount is less than $1000.
(G) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.10 %     2.13 %     8.22 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.99 %

 

146

 

 

Rational Special Situations Income Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the last two fiscal years and period since the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and the fiscal period ended December 31, 2019, has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period

 

    Institutional     Class A  
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Period Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Period Ended
 
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2021     2020     2019(A)     2021     2020     2019(A)  
Net asset value, beginning of year/period   $ 19.66     $ 20.10     $ 20.00     $ 19.64     $ 20.08     $ 20.00  
                                                 
INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                                                
Net investment income (B)     0.74       0.43       0.32       0.72       0.37       0.30  
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     0.28       0.11       0.06       0.24       0.13       0.05  
Total from investment operations     1.02       0.54       0.38       0.96       0.50       0.35  
                                                 
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                                                
From net investment income     (0.99 )     (0.93 )     (0.25 )     (0.94 )     (0.89 )     (0.24 )
From net realized gains on investments                 (0.03 )                 (0.03 )
From Return of capital     (0.00 )(C)     (0.05 )           (0.00 )(C)     (0.05 )      
Total distributions     (0.99 )     (0.98 )     (0.28 )     (0.94 )     (0.94 )     (0.27 )
                                                 
Net asset value, end of year/period   $ 19.69     $ 19.66     $ 20.10     $ 19.66     $ 19.64     $ 20.08  
                                                 
Total return (D)     5.30 %     2.83 %     1.91 %(E)     5.00 %     2.60 %     1.74 %(E)
                                                 
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                                                
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000’s)   $ 670,278     $ 352,892     $ 76,833     $ 58,164     $ 37,224     $ 5,449  
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                                                
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (G)     1.77 %     1.80 %     2.06 %(F)     2.03 %     2.10 %     2.21 %(F)
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (G)     1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 %(F)     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %(F)
Net investment income     3.75 %     2.17 %     3.48 %(F)     3.67 %     1.88 %     3.22 %(F)
Portfolio turnover rate     37 %     4 %     14 %(E)     37 %     4 %     14 %(E)

 

 
(A) The Rational Special Situations Income Fund Institutional Class, Class A and Class C Shares commenced operations July 17, 2019.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year/period.
(C) Represents an amount less than $0.01 per share.
(D) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(E) Not Annualized
(F) Annualized
(G) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     1.77 %     1.80 %     2.06 %     2.03 %     2.10 %     2.21 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 %     2.00 %     2.00 %     2.00 %

 

147

 

 

  Class C    
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Year Ended
    For the
Period Ended
   
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,    
    2021     2020     2019(A)    
Net asset value, beginning of year/period   $ 19.60     $ 20.06     $ 20.00    
                           
INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                          
Net investment income (B)     0.48       0.21       0.23    
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments     0.33       0.14       0.05    
Total from investment operations     0.81       0.35       0.28    
                           
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                          
From net investment income     (0.80 )     (0.76 )     (0.19 )  
From net realized gains on investments                 (0.03 )  
From Return of capital     (0.00 )(C)     (0.05 )        
Total distributions     (0.80 )     (0.81 )     (0.22 )  
                           
Net asset value, end of year/period   $ 19.61     $ 19.60     $ 20.06    
                           
Total return (D)     4.22 %     1.82 %     1.43 % (E)
                           
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                          
Net assets, end of year/period (in 000’s)   $ 35,497     $ 14,123     $ 1,289    
Ratios to average net assets (including interest expense)                          
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement (G)     2.74 %     2.77 %     2.97 % (F)
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement (G)     2.75 %     2.75 %     2.75 % (F)
Net investment income     2.46 %     1.05 %     2.47 % (F)
Portfolio turnover rate     37 %     4 %     14 % (E)

 

 
(A) The Rational Special Situations Income Fund Institutional Class, Class A and Class C Shares commenced operations July 17, 2019.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the year/period.
(C) Represents an amount less than $0.01 per share.
(D) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(E) Not Annualized
(F) Annualized
(G) Ratios to average net assets (excluding interest expense)
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     2.74 %     2.77 %     2.97 %
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     2.75 %     2.75 %     2.75 %

 

148

 

 

Rational Inflation Growth Fund

 

The financial highlights tables that follow are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance during the period since the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from the Fund’s financial statements. The information for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2021, has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s Annual Report, which is available upon request.

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period

 

    Institutional       Class A       Class C    
    For the       For the       For the    
    Period Ended       Period Ended       Period Ended    
    December 31,       December 31,       December 31,    
    2021(A)       2021(A)       2021(A)    
Net asset value, beginning of period   $ 10.00       $ 10.00       $ 10.00    
                               
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:                              
Net investment income (B)     0.25         0.49         0.70    
Net realized and unrealized loss on investments     (0.38 )       (0.63 )       (0.86 )  
Total from investment operations     (0.13 )       (0.14 )       (0.16 )  
                               
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:                              
From net investment income     (0.07 )       (0.07 )       (0.07 )  
From net realized gains on investments                        
Total distributions     (0.07 )       (0.07 )       (0.07 )  
                               
Net asset value, end of period   $ 9.80       $ 9.79       $ 9.77    
                               
Total return (C)     (1.26 )% (D)     (1.39 )% (D)     (1.60 )% (D)
                               
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:                              
Net assets, end of period (in 000’s)   $ 1,360       $ 697       $ 26    
Ratios to average net assets                              
Expenses, before waiver and reimbursement     12.47 % (E)     12.72 % (E)     13.47 % (E)
Expenses, net waiver and reimbursement     1.49 % (E)     1.74 % (E)     2.49 % (E)
Net investment income     6.83 % (E)     13.23 % (E)     19.41 % (E)
Portfolio turnover rate     0 % (D)     0 % (D)     0 % (D)

 

 
(A) The Rational Inflation Growth Fund commenced operations August 18, 2021.
(B) Per share amounts calculated using average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for the period.
(C) Total return in the above table represents the rate that the investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and does not reflect the impact of sales charges.
(D) Not Annualized
(E) Annualized

 

149

 

 

APPENDIX A — INTERMEDIARY-SPECIFIC SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS

 

Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of sales charge reductions and waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the shareholder’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the shareholder’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the shareholder for sales charge reductions or waivers.

 

MERRILL LYNCH

 

Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund’s prospectus or SAI.

 

Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch

 

Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

 

Shares purchased by a 529 Plan (does not include 529 Plan units or 529-specific share classes or equivalents)

 

Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program

 

Shares exchanged due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynch’s policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

 

Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch’s platform

 

Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform

 

Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)

 

Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund pursuant to Merrill Lynch’s policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

 

Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members

 

Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund’s investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in the prospectus

 

Eligible shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). Automated transactions (i.e. systematic purchases and withdrawals) and purchases made after shares are automatically sold to pay Merrill Lynch’s account maintenance fees are not eligible for reinstatement

 

150

 

 

CDSC Waivers on A and C Shares available at Merrill Lynch

 

Death or disability of the shareholder

 

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund’s prospectus

 

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

 

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code

 

Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

 

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

 

Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A and C shares only)

 

Shares received through an exchange due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynch’s policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

 

Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent

 

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus

 

Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts as described in the Fund’s prospectus will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts (including 529 program holdings, where applicable) within the purchaser’s household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

 

Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time.

 

RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC (“RBC”)

 

Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at RBC

 

Employer-sponsored retirement plans.

 

RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC., RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. AND EACH ENTITY’S AFFILIATES (“RAYMOND JAMES”)

 

Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this fund’s prospectus or SAI.

 

151

 

 

Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James

 

Shares purchased in an investment advisory program.

 

Shares purchased within the same fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions.

 

Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James.

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

 

A shareholder in the Fund’s Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James.

 

CDSC Waivers on Classes A, B and C shares available at Raymond James

 

Death or disability of the shareholder.

 

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

 

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James.

 

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

 

Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent

 

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

 

Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

 

Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

 

The information disclosed in the appendix is part of, and incorporated in, the prospectus.

 

152

 

 

PRIVACY NOTICE

 

Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust

 

Rev. July 2017

 

FACTS WHAT DOES MUTUAL FUND & VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?

 

Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some, but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.

 

What?

The types of personal information we collect and share depends on the product or service that you have with us. This information can include:

  Social Security number and wire transfer instructions
  account transactions and transaction history
  investment experience and purchase history
  When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

 

How? All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.

 

Reasons we can share your personal information: Does Mutual Fund &
Variable Insurance Trust
share information?
Can you limit this
sharing?
For our everyday business purposes - such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus. YES NO
For our marketing purposes - to offer our products and services to you. NO We don’t share
For joint marketing with other financial companies. NO We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your transactions and records. NO We don’t share
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your credit worthiness. NO We don’t share
For our affiliates to market to you NO We don’t share
For non-affiliates to market to you NO We don’t share

 

QUESTIONS? Call 1-800-253-0412

 

153

 

 

PRIVACY NOTICE

 

Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust

 

What we do:      

How does Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust protect my personal information?

 

To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.

 

Our service providers are held accountable for adhering to strict policies and procedures to prevent any misuse of your nonpublic personal information.

How does Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust collect my personal information?

 

We collect your personal information, for example, when you:

  open an account or deposit money
  direct us to buy securities or direct us to sell your securities
  seek advice about your investments
 

We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

  Federal law gives you the right to limit only:
  sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness.
  affiliates from using your information to market to you.
  sharing for non-affiliates to market to you.
 

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

 

Definitions      

Affiliates

 

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies.

  Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust does not share with affiliates.

Non-affiliates

  Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies.
  Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust doesn’t share with non-affiliates so they can market to you.
Joint marketing   A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.
 

Mutual Fund & Variable Insurance Trust doesn’t jointly market.

 

154

 

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

Several additional sources of information are available to you. The Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), incorporated into this Prospectus by reference, contains detailed information on each Fund’s policies and operations, including policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of portfolio holdings by the Fund’s affiliates. The annual reports contain management’s discussion of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected a Fund’s performance results as of the Fund’s latest annual fiscal year end.

 

Call a Fund at (800) 253-0412 to request free copies of the SAI, the annual report and the semi-annual report, to request other information about the Fund and to make shareholder inquiries. You may also obtain this information from the Fund’s internet site at www.rationalmf.com.

 

Copies of information about the Funds may be obtained from the SEC, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: [email protected].

 

Investment Company Act File No. 811-05010

 

155