F112-040 10/1/07
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.
100 East Pratt Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
1940 Act File No. 811-07353
This is the Statement of Additional Information for all of the funds listed below. It is divided into two parts (Part I and Part II). Part I contains information that is particular to each fund, while Part II contains information that generally applies to all of the funds in the T. Rowe Price family of funds (the "Price Funds").
The date of this Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is October 1, 2007.
T. ROWE PRICE BALANCED FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE BLUE CHIP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST
California Tax-Free Bond Fund
California Tax-Free Money Fund
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND
T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE CORPORATE INCOME FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DIVERSIFIED MID-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DIVERSIFIED SMALL-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DIVIDEND GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE EQUITY INCOME FUND
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE FINANCIAL SERVICES FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE GNMA FUND
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH & INCOME FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH STOCK FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE HEALTH SCIENCES FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE HIGH YIELD FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE INDEX TRUST, INC.
T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund
T. Rowe Price Extended Equity Market Index Fund
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund
T. ROWE PRICE INFLATION PROTECTED BOND FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL EQUITY FUNDS, INC. ("Institutional Equity Funds")
T. Rowe Price Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Growth Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Small-Cap Stock Fund
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Institutional Core Plus Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional High Yield Fund
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL INTERNATIONAL FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Equity Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Foreign Equity Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Equity Fund
T. Rowe Price Institutional International Bond Fund
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Africa & Middle East Fund
T. Rowe Price Emerging Europe & Mediterranean Fund
PAGE 45
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond Fund
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Stock Fund
T. Rowe Price European Stock Fund
T. Rowe Price Global Stock Fund
T. Rowe Price Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund®
T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price International Discovery Fund
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Japan Fund
T. Rowe Price Latin America Fund
T. Rowe Price New Asia Fund
T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock Fund
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL INDEX FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price International Equity Index Fund
T. ROWE PRICE MEDIA & TELECOMMUNICATIONS FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP VALUE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE NEW AMERICA GROWTH FUND
T. Rowe Price New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE NEW ERA FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE NEW HORIZONS FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE NEW INCOME FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price New Income Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price New Income Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE PERSONAL STRATEGY FUNDS, INC. ("Personal Strategy Funds")
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Balanced Fund
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Growth Fund
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Income Fund
T. ROWE PRICE PRIME RESERVE FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE REAL ESTATE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE RESERVE INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC. ("TRP Reserve Investment Funds")
T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund ("TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund")
T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund ("TRP Reserve Investment Fund")
T. ROWE PRICE RETIREMENT FUNDS, INC. ("Retirement Funds")
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund—R Class
T. ROWE PRICE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SHORTTERM BOND FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SHORTTERM INCOME FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP STOCK FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP VALUE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SPECTRUM FUND, INC. ("Spectrum Funds")
Spectrum Growth Fund
Spectrum Income Fund
Spectrum International Fund
T. ROWE PRICE STATE TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond Fund
Maryland Tax-Free Bond Fund
Maryland Tax-Free Money Fund
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond Fund
New York Tax-Free Bond Fund
New York Tax-Free Money Fund
Virginia Tax-Free Bond Fund
T. ROWE PRICE SUMMIT FUNDS, INC. ("Summit Income Funds")
T. Rowe Price Summit Cash Reserves Fund
T. Rowe Price Summit GNMA Fund
T. ROWE PRICE SUMMIT MUNICIPAL FUNDS, INC. ("Summit Municipal Funds")
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Money Market Fund
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Income Fund
PAGE 47
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-EFFICIENT FUNDS, INC. ("Tax-Efficient Funds")
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Balanced Fund
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-EXEMPT MONEY FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE HIGH YIELD FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE INCOME FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE SHORT-INTERMEDIATE FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE U.S. BOND INDEX FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE U.S. TREASURY FUNDS, INC. ("U.S. Treasury Funds")
U.S. Treasury Intermediate Fund
U.S. Treasury Long-Term Fund
U.S. Treasury Money Fund
T. ROWE PRICE VALUE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Value Fund—Advisor Class
Mailing Address:
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
100 East Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
1-800-638-5660
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with the appropriate current fund prospectus, which may be obtained from T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. ("Investment Services").
Each fund`s financial statements for its most recent fiscal period and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in each fund`s annual or semiannual report and incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. The Africa & Middle East Fund, Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Fund, Institutional International Bond Fund, Overseas Stock Fund, Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class, Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class, Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class, Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class, Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class, Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class, and Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class have not been in existence for a long enough time to have complete financial statements.
If you would like a prospectus or an annual or semiannual shareholder report for a fund of which you are not a shareholder, please call 1-800-638-5660 and it will be sent to you at no charge. Please read this material carefully.
PART I — TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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Management of the Funds
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11
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Distributor for the Funds
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115
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Principal Holders of Securities
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69
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Portfolio Transactions
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118
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Investment Management Agreements
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94
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Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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140
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Other Shareholder Services
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111
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Part II
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142
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References to the following are as indicated:
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ("Code")
Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act")
Moody`s Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody`s")
Securities Act of 1933 ("1933 Act")
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("1934 Act")
Standard & Poor`s Corporation ("S&P")
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price")
T. Rowe Price International, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price International")
Advisor Class
The Advisor Class is a share class of its respective T. Rowe Price fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The Advisor Class shares are designed to be sold only through brokers, dealers, banks, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries that provide various distribution and administrative services.
R Class
The R Class is a share class of its respective T. Rowe Price fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The R Class shares are designed to be sold only through various third-party intermediaries that offer employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans, including brokers, dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and others.
TRP Government Reserve Investment and TRP Reserve Investment Funds
These funds are not available for direct purchase by members of the public.
Institutional Funds
These funds have a $1,000,000 initial investment minimum and are designed for institutional investors. Institutional investors typically include banks, pension plans, and trust and investment companies.
PART I
Below is a table showing the prospectus and shareholder report dates for each fund. The table also lists each fund`s category, which should be used to identify groups of funds that are referenced throughout this SAI.
Fund
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Fund Category
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Fiscal Year End
|
Annual Report Date
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Semiannual Report Date
|
Prospectus Date
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Africa & Middle East
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International Equity
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Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Balanced
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio—II
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
State Tax-Free Money
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Capital Appreciation
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Capital Opportunity
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Corporate Income
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Developing Technologies
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Dividend Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
International Bond
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Equity Income
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Income Portfolio
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Income Portfolio—II
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Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Index 500
|
Index Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Equity Index 500 Portfolio
|
Index Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
European Stock
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
Index Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Financial Services
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
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State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Global Stock
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
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International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Global Technology
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
GNMA
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
Taxable Money
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Growth & Income
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Growth Stock
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
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June 30
|
May 1
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Health Sciences
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Equity
|
Dec 31
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Dec 31
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June 30
|
May 1
|
Health Sciences Portfolio
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
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Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Health Sciences Portfolio—II
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
High Yield
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Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
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Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Inflation Protected Bond
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Taxable Bond
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May 31
|
May 31
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Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
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Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
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June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Core Plus
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Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
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Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
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International Bond
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Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Institutional High Yield
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Institutional International Bond
|
International Bond
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
International Bond
|
International Bond
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
International Bond
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
International Discovery
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Equity Index
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Growth & Income
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Growth & Income Fund—R Class
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Stock
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
International Stock Portfolio
|
International Equity Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Japan
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Latin America
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio
|
Bond
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio—II
|
Bond
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
State Tax-Free Money
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio—II
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New America Growth
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New America Growth Portfolio
|
Equity
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New Asia
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
New Era
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New Horizons
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
New Income
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
State Tax-Free Money
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Overseas Stock
|
International Equity
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
Blended
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio
|
Blended
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
Blended
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
Blended
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Prime Reserve
|
Taxable Money
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Prime Reserve Portfolio
|
Money
Variable Annuity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Real Estate
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
Taxable Money
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2005
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2010
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2015
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2020
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2025
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2030
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2035
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2040
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2045
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2050
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2055
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement Income
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Retirement Income Fund—R Class
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Science & Technology
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Short-Term Bond
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Short-Term Income
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Small-Cap Value
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Spectrum Growth
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Spectrum Income
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Spectrum International
|
Fund-of-Funds
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
Taxable Money
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Summit GNMA
|
Taxable Bond
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
Tax-Free Bond
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
Tax-Free Bond
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
Tax-Free Money
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
Equity
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
Equity
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
Equity
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
Tax-Free Money
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Free Income
|
Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Tax Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
Index Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
Index Bond
|
Oct 31
|
Oct 31
|
Apr 30
|
March 1
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
Taxable Bond
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
Taxable Money
|
May 31
|
May 31
|
Nov 30
|
Oct 1
|
Value
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
Equity
|
Dec 31
|
Dec 31
|
June 30
|
May 1
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
State Tax-Free Bond
|
Feb 28
|
Feb 28
|
Aug 30
|
July 1
|
PAGE 49
PAGE 51
PAGE 53
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
The officers and directors* of the Price Funds are listed below. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
Each fund is governed by a Board of Directors/Trustees ("Boards") that meets regularly to review a wide variety of matters affecting the funds, including performance, investment programs, compliance matters, advisory fees and expenses, service providers, and other business affairs. The Boards elect the funds` officers. The Boards also are responsible for performing various duties imposed on them by the 1940 Act, the laws of Maryland or Massachusetts, and other laws. At least 75% of Board members are independent of T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price International. The directors who are also employees or officers of T. Rowe Price are referred to as inside or interested directors. Except as indicated, each inside director and officer has been an employee of T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International for five or more years. Each Board currently has three committees, described in the following paragraphs.
The Committee of Independent Directors, which consists of all of the independent directors of the funds, is responsible for selecting candidates for election as independent directors to fill vacancies on each fund`s Board. Anthony W. Deering is chairman of the committee. The committee will consider written recommendations from shareholders for possible nominees. Shareholders should submit their recommendations to the secretary of the funds. The committee held four formal meetings in 2006.
The Joint Audit Committee is composed of Jeremiah E. Casey, Karen N. Horn, and Theo C. Rodgers, all independent directors. The Audit Committee holds two regular meetings during each fiscal year, at which time it meets with the independent registered public accounting firm of the Price Funds to review: (1) the services provided; (2) the findings of the most recent audits; (3) management`s response to the findings of the most recent audits; (4) the scope of the audits to be performed; (5) the accountants` fees; and (6) any accounting, tax, compliance, or other questions relating to particular areas of the Price Funds` operations or the operations of parties dealing with the Price Funds, as circumstances indicate. The Audit Committee met twice in 2006.
The funds` Executive Committee, consisting of the funds` interested director(s), has been authorized by its respective Board to exercise all powers of the Boards to manage the funds in the intervals between meetings of the Boards, except the powers prohibited by statute from being delegated. The Executive Committees of the T. Rowe Price Institutional International Funds, Inc., on behalf of the Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Fund; T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc., on behalf of the Emerging Markets Bond and International Bond Funds; and T. Rowe Price Retirement Funds, Inc., on behalf of the Retirement 2050 Fund, Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class, Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class, and Retirement 2055 Fund, met twice in 2006.
* The term "director" is used to refer to directors or trustees, as applicable.
Independent Directors(a)
Name, Year of Birth, and Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Director
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
|
Other Directorships
of Public Companies
|
Jeremiah E. Casey
1940
120 portfolios
|
Director, National Life Insurance (2001 to 2005); Director, The Rouse Company, real estate developers (1990 to 2004); Director, Allfirst Financial Inc. (previously First Maryland Bancorp) (1983 to 2002)
|
None
|
Anthony W. Deering
1945
120 portfolios
|
Chairman, Exeter Capital, LLC, a private investment firm (2004 to present); Director, Vornado Real Estate Investment Trust (3/04 to present); Director, Mercantile Bankshares (4/03 to present); Member, Advisory Board, Deutsche Bank North America (2004 to present); Director, Chairman of the Board, and Chief Executive Officer, The Rouse Company, real estate developers (1997 to 2004)
|
Vornado Real Estate Investment Trust, Mercantile Bankshares, Deutsche Bank North America
|
Donald W. Dick, Jr.
1943
120 portfolios
|
Principal, EuroCapital Advisors, LLC, an acquisition and management advisory firm; Chairman, The Haven Group, a custom manufacturer of modular homes (1/04 to present)
|
None
|
David K. Fagin
1938
120 portfolios
|
Chairman and President, Nye Corporation (6/88 to present); Chairman, Canyon Resources Corp. (8/07 to present); Director, Golden Star Resources Ltd. (5/92 to present); Director, Pacific Rim Mining Corp. (2/02 to present)
|
Golden Star Resources Ltd. and Pacific Rim Mining Corp.
|
Karen N. Horn
1943
120 portfolios
|
Director, Federal National Mortgage Association (9/06 to present); Managing Director and President, Global Private Client Services, Marsh Inc. (1999 to 2003); Managing Director and Head of International Private Banking, Bankers Trust (1996 to 1999); Director, Georgia Pacific (5/04 to 12/05)
|
Federal National Mortgage Association, Georgia Pacific, Eli Lilly and Company, and Simon Property Group
|
Theo C. Rodgers
1941
120 portfolios
|
President, A&R Development Corporation
(1977 to present)
|
None
|
John G. Schreiber
1946
120 portfolios
|
Owner/President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc., a real estate investment company; Partner, Blackstone Real Estate Advisors, L.P.
|
None
|
PAGE 55
(a)All information about the directors was current as of December 31, 2006, except for the number of portfolios, which is current as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
Inside Directors(a)
The following persons are considered interested persons of the funds because they also serve as officers of the funds and/or T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International. No more than two inside directors serve as directors of any fund.
Name, Year of Birth, and Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Director
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
|
Other Directorships
of Public Companies
|
Edward C. Bernard
1956
120 portfolios
|
Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice Chairman of the Board, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board and Director, T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited, T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited, T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Savings Bank, and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; Director, T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price Trust CompanyChairman of the Board, all funds
|
None
|
John H. Laporte; CFA
1945
16 portfolios
|
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust CompanyPresident, New Horizons Fund; Executive Vice President, Spectrum Funds; Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Health Sciences Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Retirement Funds
|
None
|
Mary J. Miller; CFA
1955
37 portfolios
|
Director, T. Rowe Price Trust Company;
Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Institutional Income Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free Income Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds; Executive Vice President, Spectrum Funds; Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, GNMA Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Retirement Funds, Summit Funds, Tax-Efficient Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
|
None
|
Brian C. Rogers; CFA, CIC
1955
67 portfolios
|
Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust CompanyPresident, Equity Income Fund and Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, and Value Fund
|
None
|
PAGE 57
(a)All information about the directors was current as of December 31, 2006, except for the number of portfolios, which is current as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
Retirement and Spectrum Funds (individually, a "Fund-of-Funds" and collectively, "Funds-of-Funds")
The management of the business and affairs of the Funds-of-Funds is the responsibility of the Board of Directors ("Board"). In exercising their responsibilities, the Board, among other things, will refer to the Special Servicing Agreement and policies and guidelines included in an Application for an Exemptive Order (and accompanying Notice and Order) issued by the SEC in connection with the Spectrum Funds (and which also applies to Retirement Funds). A majority of directors of the Funds-of-Funds are independent. However, the directors and officers of the Funds-of-Funds and certain directors and officers of T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price International also serve in similar positions with most of the various Price Funds in which the Retirement and Spectrum Funds invest (collectively "underlying Price funds"). Thus, if the interests of the Funds-of-Funds and the underlying Price funds were ever to become divergent, it is possible that a conflict of interest could arise and affect how this latter group of persons fulfill their fiduciary duties to the Funds-of-Funds and the underlying Price funds. The directors of Funds-of-Funds believe they have structured the Funds-of-Funds to avoid these concerns. However, a situation could conceivably occur where proper action for the Funds-of-Funds could be adverse to the interests of an underlying Price fund, or the reverse could occur. If such a possibility arises, the directors and officers of the affected funds, T. Rowe Price, and T. Rowe Price International will carefully analyze the situation and take all steps they believe reasonable to minimize and, where possible, eliminate the potential conflict.
Term of Office and Length of Time Served
The directors serve until retirement, resignation, or election of a successor. The following table shows the year from which each director has served on each fund`s Board (or that of the corporation or trust of which the fund is a part).
Fund/Corporation/Trust
|
Number of
portfolios
|
Independent Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Casey
|
Deering
|
Dick
|
Fagin
|
Horn
|
Rodgers
|
Schreiber
|
Balanced
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1991
|
1991
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1993
|
1993
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
California Tax-Free Income Trust
|
2
|
2006
|
1986
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Capital Appreciation
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1986
|
1988
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Capital Opportunity
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Corporate Income
|
1
|
2006
|
1995
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1995
|
Developing Technologies
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
2000
|
2000
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2003
|
2003
|
2003
|
2003
|
2005
|
2003
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1997
|
1997
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Dividend Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1992
|
1992
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Equity Income
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1988
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Equity Series
|
7
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Financial Services
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1996
|
1996
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Fixed Income Series
|
2
|
2006
|
1994
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1994
|
Global Technology
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
2000
|
2000
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
GNMA
|
1
|
2006
|
1985
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Growth & Income
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1982
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Growth Stock
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1980
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Health Sciences
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1995
|
1995
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
High Yield
|
1
|
2006
|
1984
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Index Trust
|
3
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
1
|
2006
|
2002
|
2002
|
2002
|
2003
|
2005
|
2002
|
Institutional Equity
|
6
|
2005
|
2001
|
1996
|
1996
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Institutional Income
|
2
|
2006
|
2002
|
2002
|
2002
|
2003
|
2005
|
2002
|
Institutional International
|
5
|
2006
|
1991
|
1989
|
2001
|
2003
|
2006
|
2001
|
International
|
14
|
2006
|
1991
|
1988
|
2001
|
2003
|
2006
|
2001
|
International Index
|
1
|
2006
|
2000
|
2000
|
2001
|
2003
|
2006
|
2001
|
International Series
|
1
|
2006
|
1994
|
1994
|
2001
|
2003
|
2006
|
2001
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1997
|
1997
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1992
|
1992
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1996
|
1996
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
New America Growth
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1985
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
New Era
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1988
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
New Horizons
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1988
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
New Income
|
1
|
2006
|
1980
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Personal Strategy
|
3
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Prime Reserve
|
1
|
2006
|
1979
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Real Estate
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1997
|
1997
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
2
|
2006
|
1997
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1997
|
Retirement
|
12
|
2005
|
2002
|
2002
|
2002
|
2003
|
2005
|
2002
|
Science & Technology
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Short-Term Bond
|
1
|
2006
|
1983
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Short-Term Income
|
1
|
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1992
|
1992
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Small-Cap Value
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Spectrum
|
3
|
2005
|
2001
|
1999
|
1999
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
State Tax-Free Income Trust
|
8
|
2006
|
1986
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Summit
|
2
|
2006
|
1993
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1993
|
Summit Municipal
|
3
|
2006
|
1993
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1993
|
Tax-Efficient
|
3
|
2005
|
2001
|
1997
|
1997
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
1
|
2006
|
1983
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
1
|
2006
|
1984
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Tax-Free Income
|
1
|
2006
|
1983
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
1
|
2006
|
1983
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
1
|
2006
|
2000
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
2000
|
U.S. Treasury
|
3
|
2006
|
1989
|
2001
|
2001
|
2003
|
2005
|
1992
|
Value
|
1
|
2005
|
2001
|
1994
|
1994
|
2003
|
2005
|
2001
|
PAGE 59
Fund/Corporation/Trust
|
Number of Portfolios
|
Inside Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bernard
|
Laporte
|
Miller
|
Rogers
|
Balanced
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
California Tax-Free Income Trust
|
2
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Capital Appreciation
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Capital Opportunity
|
1
|
2006
|
1994
|
—
|
—
|
Corporate Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Developing Technologies
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
1997
|
—
|
—
|
Dividend Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Equity Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Equity Series
|
7
|
2006
|
1994
|
—
|
—
|
Financial Services
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Fixed Income Series
|
2
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Global Technology
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
GNMA
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Growth & Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Growth Stock
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Health Sciences
|
1
|
2006
|
1995
|
—
|
—
|
High Yield
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Index Trust
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Institutional Equity
|
6
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Institutional Income
|
2
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Institutional International
|
5
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
International
|
14
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
International Index
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
International Series
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
New America Growth
|
1
|
2006
|
1985
|
—
|
—
|
New Era
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
New Horizons
|
1
|
2006
|
1988
|
—
|
—
|
New Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Personal Strategy
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Prime Reserve
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Real Estate
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
2
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Retirement
|
12
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Science & Technology
|
1
|
2006
|
1988
|
—
|
—
|
Short-Term Bond
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Short-Term Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2006
|
—
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
1
|
2006
|
1994
|
—
|
—
|
Small-Cap Value
|
1
|
2006
|
1994
|
—
|
—
|
Spectrum
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
State Tax-Free Income Trust
|
8
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Summit
|
2
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Summit Municipal
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Tax-Efficient
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Tax-Free Income
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
U.S. Treasury
|
3
|
2006
|
—
|
2004
|
—
|
Value
|
1
|
2006
|
—
|
—
|
2006
|
Officers
Fund
|
Name
|
Position Held
With Fund
|
All funds
|
Roger L. Fiery III
Gregory S. Golczewski
Henry H. Hopkins
Julie L. Waples
Joseph A. Carrier
Patricia B. Lippert
John R. Gilner
|
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Treasurer
Secretary
Chief Compliance Officer
|
Fund
|
Name
|
Position Held
With Fund
|
Balanced
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
Richard T. Whitney
E. Frederick Bair
Wendy R. Diffenbaugh
Robert M. Larkins
Raymond A. Mills
Mark J. Vaselkiv
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
Larry J. Puglia
P. Robert Bartolo
Peter J. Bates
Henry M. Ellenbogen
Thomas J. Huber
Kris H. Jenner
Jason Nogueira
Timothy E. Parker
Karen M. Regan
Robert W. Sharps
Robert W. Smith
Joshua K. Spencer
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
California Tax-Free Income Trust
California Tax-Free Bond
California Tax-Free Money
|
Mary J. Miller
Joseph K. Lynagh
Konstantine B. Mallas
Hugh D. McGuirk
Steven G. Brooks
G. Richard Dent
Charles E. Emrich
Alan D. Levenson
James M. McDonald
Linda A. Murphy
Timothy G. Taylor
M. Helena Condez
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Capital Appreciation
|
John D. Linehan
David R. Giroux
Jeffrey W. Arricale
Andrew M. Brooks
Mark S. Finn
Michael J. McGonigle
Heather K. McPherson
Sudhir Nanda
Christian M. O`Neill
Brian C. Rogers
Gabriel Solomon
William J. Stromberg
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Capital Opportunity
|
Anna M. Dopkin
Kennard W. Allen
Peter J. Bates
Laurie M. Bertner
David J. Eiswert
Mark S. Finn
Ann M. Holcomb
Philip A. Nestico
Jason Nogueira
Timothy E. Parker
Charles G. Pepin
Robert T. Quinn, Jr.
Gabriel Solomon
Eric L. Veiel
Richard T. Whitney
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Corporate Income
|
David A. Tiberii
Mark J. Vaselkiv
Steven G. Brooks
Alan D. Levenson
Michael J. McGonigle
Mary J. Miller
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
Theodore E. Robson
Edward A. Wiese
Thea N. Williams
Michael J. Grogan
Robert L. McWilliam
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Developing Technologies
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Kennard W. Allen
Laurie M. Bertner
Christopher W. Carlson
David J. Eiswert
Henry M. Ellenbogen
Hugh M. Evans III
Michael F. Sola
Joshua K. Spencer
Chirag Vasavada
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
Donald J. Peters
Donald J. Easley
Sudhir Nanda
Philip A. Nestico
John F. Wakeman
Mark R. Weigman
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
Richard T. Whitney
Sudhir Nanda
Donald J. Easley
John H. Laporte
Philip A. Nestico
Donald J. Peters
Michael T. Roberts
Paul W. Wojcik
John Z. Wood
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Dividend Growth
|
Thomas J. Huber
Peter J. Bates
David M. Lee
Daniel Martino
Jason Nogueira
Timothy E. Parker
Donald J. Peters
Karen M. Regan
William J. Stromberg
Eric L. Veiel
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Equity Income
|
Brian C. Rogers
Jeffrey W. Arricale
Andrew M. Brooks
Mark S. Finn
David R. Giroux
John D. Linehan
Jason B. Polun
Robert T. Quinn, Jr.
William J. Stromberg
Eric L. Veiel
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Financial Services
|
Jeffrey W. Arricale
Anna M. Dopkin
Christopher T. Fortune
Hwee Jan Ng
Jason B. Polun
Joseph Rohm
Federico Santilli
Gabriel Solomon
Craig A. Thiese
Eric L. Veiel
J. David Wagner
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Global Technology
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Kennard W. Allen
Christopher W. Carlson
David J. Eiswert
Daniel Flax
Hiroaki Owaki
Michael F. Sola
Joshua K. Spencer
Chirag Vasavada
Alison Mei Ling Yip
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
GNMA
|
Connice A. Bavely
Keir R. Joyce
Alan D. Levenson
Mary J. Miller
John D. Wells
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Growth & Income
|
Thomas J. Huber
Francisco Alonso
Jeffrey W. Arricale
Timothy F. Bei
Laurie M. Bertner
David R. Giroux
David M. Lee
Karen M. Regan
Joshua K. Spencer
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Growth Stock
|
Robert W. Smith
P. Robert Bartolo
Anna M. Dopkin
Henry M. Ellenbogen
Joseph B. Fath
Robert N. Gensler
Barry Henderson
Kris H. Jenner
D. James Prey III
Larry J. Puglia
Robert W. Sharps
Michael F. Sola
Joshua K. Spencer
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Health Sciences
|
Kris H. Jenner
Laurie M. Bertner
G. Mark Bussard
Susan J. Klein
John H. Laporte
Jay S. Markowitz
Jason Nogueira
Charles G. Pepin
John C.A. Sherman
Taymour R. Tamaddon
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
High Yield
|
Mark J. Vaselkiv
Andrew M. Brooks
Paul A. Karpers
Michael J. McGonigle
Walter P. Stuart III
Thomas E. Tewksbury
Thea N. Williams
David C. Beers
Justin T. Gerbereux
Paul M. Massaro
Brian A. Rubin
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Index Trust
Equity Index 500
Extended Equity Market Index
Total Equity Market Index
|
E. Frederick Bair
Ken D. Uematsu
Wendy R. Diffenbaugh
Sudhir Nanda
Richard T. Whitney
Paul W. Wojcik
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
Daniel O. Shackelford
Connice A. Bavely
Brian J. Brennan
Alan D. Levenson
Cheryl A. Mickel
Mary J. Miller
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
Michael J. Grogan
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Institutional Equity Funds
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
Institutional Large-Cap Value
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
Brian C. Rogers
Brian W.H. Berghuis
John D. Linehan
Gregory A. McCrickard
Larry J. Puglia
Robert W. Sharps
Robert W. Smith
Preston G. Athey
Anna M. Dopkin
David R. Giroux
M. Campbell Gunn
Thomas J. Huber
Joseph M. Milano
Charles G. Pepin
John F. Wakeman
David J. Wallack
Richard T. Whitney
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Institutional Income Funds
Institutional Core Plus
Institutional High Yield
|
Mary J. Miller
Brian J. Brennan
Mark J. Vaselkiv
Connice A. Bavely
Andrew M. Brooks
Michael J. Conelius
Paul A. Karpers
Ian D. Kelson
Michael J. McGonigle
Daniel O. Shackelford
Walter P. Stuart III
Thomas E. Tewksbury
David A. Tiberii
Thea N. Williams
David C. Beers
Justin T. Gerbereux
Paul M. Massaro
Brian A. Rubin
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Institutional International Funds
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
Institutional Foreign Equity
Institutional Global Equity
Institutional International Bond
|
David J.L. Warren
Christopher D. Alderson
R. Scott Berg
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Michael J. Conelius
Robert N. Gensler
M. Campbell Gunn
Ian D. Kelson
R. Todd Ruppert
Dean Tenerelli
William F. Wendler II
Edward A. Wiese
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
International Funds
Africa & Middle East
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
Emerging Markets Bond
Emerging Markets Stock
European Stock
Global Stock
International Bond
International Discovery
International Growth & Income
International Stock
Japan
Latin America
New Asia
Overseas Stock
|
David J.L. Warren
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Frances Dydasco
Robert N. Gensler
Raymond A. Mills
Robert W. Smith
Christopher D. Alderson
M. Kamran Baig
P. Robert Bartolo
R. Scott Berg
Brian J. Brennan
Michael J. Conelius
Mark J.T. Edwards
Henry M. Ellenbogen
M. Campbell Gunn
Kris H. Jenner
Ian D. Kelson
John D. Linehan
Anh Lu
Philip A. Nestico
Charles M. Ober
David Oestreicher
Gonzalo Pangaro
Christopher J. Rothery
Robert W. Sharps
Michael F. Sola
Dean Tenerelli
Justin Thomson
William F. Wendler II
Richard T. Whitney
Edward A. Wiese
Clive M. Williams
Ann B. Cranmer
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
International Index Fund
International Equity Index
|
E. Frederick Bair
Neil Smith
Ken D. Uematsu
Richard T. Whitney
Paul W. Wojcik
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
Henry M. Ellenbogen
P. Robert Bartolo
Ulle Adamson
Kara Cheseby David J. Eiswert
Joseph B. Fath
May Foo
Paul Greene II
Daniel Martino
Jean Medecin
Curt J. Organt
D. James Prey III
Robert W. Smith
Christopher S. Whitehouse
Ernest C. Yeung
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis
John F. Wakeman
Kennard W. Allen
P. Robert Bartolo
Timothy F. Bei
Henry M. Ellenbogen
Kris H. Jenner
Robert J. Marcotte
Daniel Martino
Joseph M. Milano
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Clark R. Shields
Taymour R. Tamaddon
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
David J. Wallack
Peter J. Bates
Laurie M. Bertner
Christopher W. Carlson
Kara ChesebyHenry M. Ellenbogen
Gregory A. McCrickard
Heather K. McPherson
Joseph M. Milano
J. David Wagner
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
New America Growth
|
Joseph M. Milano
Francisco Alonso
Jeffrey W. Arricale
R. Scott Berg
Brian W.H. Berghuis
Robert J. Marcotte
Jason Nogueira
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Robert W. Sharps
Robert W. Smith
Eric L. Veiel
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
New Era
|
Charles M. Ober
Richard de los Reyes
Shawn T. Driscoll
Mark S. Finn
Susan J. Klein
David M. Lee
John D. Linehan
Heather K. McPherson
Christian M. O`Neill
Timothy E. Parker
David J. Wallack
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
New Horizons
|
John H. Laporte
Kennard W. Allen
Francisco Alonso
P. Robert Bartolo
R. Scott Berg
Brian W.H. Berghuis
G. Mark Bussard
Christopher W. Carlson
Hugh M. Evans III
Joseph B. Fath
Kris H. Jenner
Jay S. Markowitz
Jason Nogueira
Timothy E. Parker
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Michael F. Sola
Taymour R. Tamaddon
Wenhua Zhang
Francies W. Hawks
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
New Income
|
Daniel O. Shackelford
Connice A. Bavely
Brian J. Brennan
Alan D. Levenson
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
David A. Tiberii
Michael J. Grogan
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Personal Strategy Funds
Personal Strategy Balanced
Personal Strategy Growth
Personal Strategy Income
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
Jerome A. Clark
Kenneth D. Fuller
John H. Laporte
John D. Linehan
Mary J. Miller
Raymond A. Mills
Larry J. Puglia
Brian C. Rogers
Charles M. Shriver
Mark J. Vaselkiv
Richard T. Whitney
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Prime Reserve
|
James M. McDonald
Steven G. Brooks
Brian E. Burns
Alisa Fiumara
Alan D. Levenson
Joseph K. Lynagh
Mary J. Miller
Susan G. Troll
Edward A. Wiese
Terri L. Hett
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Real Estate
|
David M. Lee
Richard N. Clattenburg
Anna M. Dopkin
Joseph B. Fath
Thomas J. Huber
Philip A. Nestico
Charles M. Ober
Theodore E. Robson
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
TRP Reserve Investment Funds
TRP Government Reserve Investment
TRP Reserve Investment
|
James M. McDonald
Steven G. Brooks
Brian E. Burns
Alan D. Levenson
Joseph K. Lynagh
Mary J. Miller
Edward A. Wiese
Terri L. Hett
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Retirement Funds
Retirement 2005
Retirement 2010
Retirement 2015
Retirement 2020
Retirement 2025
Retirement 2030
Retirement 2035
Retirement 2040
Retirement 2045
Retirement 2050
Retirement 2055
Retirement Income
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
Jerome A. Clark
Kenneth D. Fuller
John H. Laporte
Wyatt A. Lee
Mary J. Miller
Brian C. Rogers
Mark J. Vaselkiv
David J.L. Warren
Richard T. Whitney
Edward A. Wiese
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Science & Technology
|
Michael F. Sola
Kennard W. Allen
Donald J. Easley
David J. Eiswert
Henry M. Ellenbogen
Daniel Flax
D. James Prey III
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
Joshua K. Spencer
Chirag Vasavada
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Short-Term Bond
|
Edward A. Wiese
Connice A. Bavely
Brian J. Brennan
Steven G. Brooks
Charles B. Hill
Cheryl A. Mickel
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
Daniel O. Shackelford
John D. Wells
Bridget A. Ebner
Michael J. Grogan
Keir R. Joyce
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Short-Term Income
|
Edward A. Wiese
Brian J. Brennan
Brian E. Burns
Jerome A. Clark
Wyatt A. Lee
James M. McDonald
Edmund M. Notzon III
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
Daniel O. Shackelford
John D. Wells
Bridget A. Ebner
Keir R. Joyce
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
Gregory A. McCrickard
Francisco Alonso
Preston G. Athey
Ira W. Carnahan
Hugh M. Evans III
Christopher T. Fortune
Robert J. Marcotte
Jay S. Markowitz
Joseph M. Milano
Curt J. Organt
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
J. David Wagner
Kwame C. Webb
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Small-Cap Value
|
Preston G. Athey
Hugh M. Evans III
Christopher T. Fortune
Susan J. Klein
Gregory A. McCrickard
Curt J. Organt
J. David Wagner
Kwame C. Webb
Wenhua Zhang
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Spectrum Funds
Spectrum Growth
Spectrum Income
Spectrum International
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
John H. Laporte
Mary J. Miller
David J.L. Warren
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Kenneth D. Fuller
Raymond A. Mills
Brian C. Rogers
Charles M. Shriver
Robert W. Smith
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
State Tax-Free Income Trust
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
Maryland Tax-Free Money
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
New York Tax-Free Bond
New York Tax-Free Money
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
Mary J. Miller
Charles B. Hill
Joseph K. Lynagh
Konstantine B. Mallas
Hugh D. McGuirk
Jonathan M. Chirunga
G. Richard Dent
Marcy M. Lash
Alan D. Levenson
James M. McDonald
Linda A. Murphy
Timothy G. Taylor
M. Helena Condez
Kathryn A. Floyd
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Summit Funds
Summit Cash Reserves
Summit GNMA
|
Edward A. Wiese
Connice A. Bavely
James M. McDonald
Steven G. Brooks
Brian E. Burns
Alisa Fiumara
Keir R. Joyce
Alan D. Levenson
Joseph K. Lynagh
Cheryl A. Mickel
Mary J. Miller
Susan G. Troll
John D. Wells
Terri L. Hett
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Summit Municipal Funds
Summit Municipal Money Market
Summit Municipal Intermediate
Summit Municipal Income
|
Mary J. Miller
Charles B. Hill
Joseph K. Lynagh
Konstantine B. Mallas
G. Richard Dent
Marcy M. Lash
Alan D. Levenson
James M. McDonald
Hugh D. McGuirk
James M. Murphy
Timothy G. Taylor
Edward A. Wiese
M. Helena Condez
Kathryn A. Floyd
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Tax-Efficient Funds
Tax-Efficient Balanced
Tax-Efficient Growth
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
Donald J. Peters
Hugh D. McGuirk
Donald J. Easley
Mary J. Miller
William J. Stromberg
Mark R. Weigman
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
Steven G. Brooks
G. Richard Dent
Marcy M. Lash
Alan D. Levenson
James M. McDonald
Mary J. Miller
Edward A. Wiese
M. Helena Condez
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
James M. Murphy
R. Lee Arnold, Jr.
G. Richard Dent
Charles B. Hill
Marcy M. Lash
Konstantine B. Mallas
Hugh D. McGuirk
Mary J. Miller
Timothy G. Taylor
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Tax-Free Income
|
Mary J. Miller
R. Lee Arnold, Jr.
G. Richard Dent
Charles B. Hill
Marcy M. Lash
Konstantine B. Mallas
Hugh D. McGuirk
James M. Murphy
Timothy G. Taylor
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
Charles B. Hill
Charles E. Emrich
Marcy M. Lash
Konstantine B. Mallas
Hugh D. McGuirk
Mary J. Miller
Timothy G. Taylor
Edward A. Wiese
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
Robert M. Larkins
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
|
U.S. Treasury Funds
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
U.S. Treasury Money
|
Mary J. Miller
Brian J. Brennan
James M. McDonald
Cheryl A. Mickel
Steven G. Brooks
Brian E. Burns
Alan D. Levenson
Joseph K. Lynagh
Vernon A. Reid, Jr.
Daniel O. Shackelford
Michael J. Grogan
Terri L. Hett
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice President
|
Value
|
John D. Linehan
Jeffrey W. Arricale
Peter J. Bates
Timothy F. Bei
Andrew M. Brooks
Ira W. Carnahan
Kara ChesebyDavid R. Giroux
Heather K. McPherson
Brian C. Rogers
Eric L. Veiel
(See preceding table for remaining officers)
|
President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
|
PAGE 61
PAGE 63
PAGE 65
PAGE 67
PAGE 69
PAGE 71
PAGE 73
PAGE 75
Officers
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
|
Position(s) Held With Fund(s)
|
Ulle Adamson, 1979
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly student, Sussex University and Stockholm School of Economics (to 2003); CFA
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Christopher D. Alderson, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds
|
Kennard W. Allen, 1977
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
|
Francisco Alonso, 1978
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Growth & Income Fund, New America Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
R. Lee Arnold, Jr., 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund; Vice President, Tax-Free Income Fund
|
Jeffrey W. Arricale, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
President, Financial Services Fund; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Equity Income Fund, Growth & Income Fund, New America Growth Fund, and Value Fund
|
Preston G. Athey, 1949
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CIC
|
President, Small-Cap Value Fund; Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
M. Kamran Baig, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly Head of European Research and Senior Portfolio Manager/Research Analyst, Goldman Sachs Asset Management (to 2004)
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
E. Frederick Bair, 1969
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA
|
President, Index Trust and International Index Fund; Vice President, Balanced Fund
|
P. Robert Bartolo, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
Executive Vice President, Growth Stock Fund and Media & Telecommunications Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, International Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Peter J. Bates, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly intern, T. Rowe Price (to 2004) and Vice President of Finance, Rent-A-Center, Inc. (to 2003); CFA
|
Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and Value Fund
|
Connice A. Bavely, 1951
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, GNMA Fund; Executive Vice President, Summit Funds; Vice President, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Institutional Income Funds, New Income Fund, and Short-Term Bond Fund
|
David C. Beers, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly, High Yield Analyst, Chartwell Investment Partners and Business Analyst/Software Developer, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (to 2004); CFA
|
Assistant Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
Timothy F. Bei, 1973
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, University of Virginia (to 2003); CFA
|
Vice President, Growth & Income Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Value Fund
|
R. Scott Berg, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, New America Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, New America Growth Fund and New Horizons Fund
|
Laurie M. Bertner, 1977
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Developing Technologies Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Health Sciences Fund, and Mid-Cap Value Fund
|
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds and Spectrum Funds
|
Brian J. Brennan, 1964
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, Institutional Income Funds and U.S. Treasury Funds; Vice President, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, International Funds, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and Short-Term Income Fund
|
Andrew M. Brooks, 1956
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Equity Income Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Value Fund
|
Steven G. Brooks, 1954
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Summit Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
Brian E. Burns, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Short-Term Income Fund, Summit Funds, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
G. Mark Bussard, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Co-founder and Chief Operating Officer, Rivanna Pharmaceuticals (to 2006); student, Darden Graduate School of Business and University of Virginia (to 2004); Research Assistant Professor, University of Virginia (to 2002)
|
Vice President, Health Sciences Fund and New Horizons Fund
|
Christopher W. Carlson, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Ira W. Carnahan, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Associate Editor, Forbes Magazine (to 2005)
|
Vice President, Small-Cap Stock Fund and Value Fund
|
Joseph A. Carrier, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CPA
|
Treasurer, all funds
|
Kara Cheseby, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and Value Fund
|
Jonathan M. Chirunga, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust
|
Jerome A. Clark, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, Retirement Funds; Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds and Short-Term Income Fund
|
Richard N. Clattenburg, 1979
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Financial Analyst, Goldman Sachs (to 2005); CFA
|
Vice President, Real Estate Fund
|
M. Helena Condez, 1962
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Assistant Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Exempt Money Fund
|
Michael J. Conelius, 1964
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds
|
Ann B. Cranmer, 1947
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; Vice President and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited and T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited; FCIS
|
Assistant Vice President, International Funds
|
Richard de los Reyes, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Analyst, Soros Fund Management (to 2006)
|
Vice President, New Era Fund
|
G. Richard Dent, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Income Fund
|
Wendy R. Diffenbaugh, 1953
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, Balanced Fund and Index Trust
|
Anna M. Dopkin, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
President, Capital Opportunity Fund; Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional Equity Funds, and Real Estate Fund
|
Shawn T. Driscoll, 1975
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Equity Research Analyst, MTB Investment Advisors (2006); Information Technology Project Manager, Mpower Communications (2001)
|
Vice President, New Era Fund
|
Frances Dydasco, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, International Funds
|
Donald J. Easley, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Science & Technology Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds
|
Bridget A. Ebner, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Assistant Vice President, Short-Term Bond Fund and Short-Term Income Fund
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Mark J.T. Edwards, 1957
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
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Vice President, International Funds
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David J. Eiswert, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Analyst, Mellon Growth Advisors and Fidelity Management and Research (to 2003); CFA
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Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
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Henry M. Ellenbogen, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
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President, Media & Telecommunications Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Developing Technologies Fund, Growth Stock Fund, International Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
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Charles E. Emrich, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly First Vice President/Credit Analyst, Legg Mason Wood Walker, Inc. (to 2005)
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Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
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Hugh M. Evans III, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Developing Technologies Fund, New Horizons Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund
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Joseph B. Fath, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
Vice President, Growth Stock Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Real Estate Fund
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Roger L. Fiery III, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CPA
|
Vice President, all funds
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Mark S. Finn, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Equity Income Fund, and New Era Fund
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Alisa Fiumara, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Vice President, Prime Reserve Fund and Summit Funds
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Daniel Flax, 1974
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, Columbia Business School (to 2006); Equity Analyst/Trader, Madoff Securities International (London) (to 2004)
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Vice President, Global Technology Fund and Science & Technology Fund
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Kathryn A. Floyd, 1982
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, University of Virginia, McIntire School of Commerce (to 2004)
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Assistant Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust and Summit Municipal Funds
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May Foo, 1977
Employee, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Christopher T. Fortune, 1973
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly intern, Hillman Capital Management (to 2005)
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Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund
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Kenneth D. Fuller, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
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Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds
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Robert N. Gensler, 1957
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
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Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Growth Stock Fund and Institutional International Funds
|
Justin T. Gerbereux, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, Mary Washington College and Darden School of Business Administration, University of Virginia (to 2003); Equity Research Intern, Mellon Growth Advisors, LLC. (to 2002); CFA
|
Assistant Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
John R. Gilner, 1961
Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
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Chief Compliance Officer, all funds
|
David R. Giroux, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund; Vice President, Equity Income Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Institutional Equity Funds, and Value Fund
|
Gregory S. Golczewski, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
|
Vice President, all funds
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Paul Greene II, 1978
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University (to 2006); Finance & Operations Analyst, ArvinMeritor, Inc. (to 2004)
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Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Michael J. Grogan, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Assistant Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
M. Campbell Gunn, 1956
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
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Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds
|
Francies W. Hawks, 1944
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Assistant Vice President, New Horizons Fund
|
Barry Henderson, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Research Analyst, Soros Fund Management (to 2006)
|
Vice President, Growth Stock Fund
|
Terri L. Hett, 1959
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Assistant Vice President, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Summit Funds, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
Charles B. Hill, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund; Executive Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Short-Term Bond Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Income Fund
|
Ann M. Holcomb, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund
|
Henry H. Hopkins, 1942
Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
|
Vice President, all funds
|
Thomas J. Huber, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
President, Dividend Growth Fund and Growth & Income Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Institutional Equity Funds, and Real Estate Fund
|
Kris H. Jenner, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; M.D., D. Phil.
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President, Health Sciences Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Growth Stock Fund, International Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Keir R. Joyce, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, GNMA Fund and Summit Funds; Assistant Vice President, Short-Term Bond Fund and Short-Term Income Fund
|
Paul A. Karpers, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
Ian D. Kelson, 1956
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds
|
Susan J. Klein, 1950
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, Health Sciences Fund, New Era Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
Robert M. Larkins, 1973
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; formerly student, The Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania (to 2003)
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Executive Vice President, U.S. Bond Index Fund; Vice President, Balanced Fund
|
Marcy M. Lash, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
|
David M. Lee, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Real Estate Fund; Vice President, Dividend Growth Fund, Growth & Income Fund, and New Era Fund
|
Wyatt A. Lee, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Retirement Funds and Short-Term Income Fund
|
Alan D. Levenson, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D.
|
Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, GNMA Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, New Income Fund, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
John D. Linehan, 1965
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Capital Appreciation Fund and Value Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Equity Income Fund, International Funds, New Era Fund, and Personal Strategy Funds
|
Patricia B. Lippert, 1953
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
|
Secretary, all funds
|
Anh Lu, 1968
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
Joseph K. Lynagh, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Tax-Exempt Money Fund; Executive Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Summit Funds, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
Konstantine B. Mallas, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
|
Robert J. Marcotte, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New America Growth Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
Jay S. Markowitz, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; M.D.
|
Vice President, Health Sciences Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
Daniel Martino, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Research Analyst and Co-portfolio Manager, Taurus Asset Management and ONEX (to 2006); CFA
|
Vice President, Dividend Growth Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
Paul M. Massaro, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, The Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania (to 2003)
|
Assistant Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
Gregory A. McCrickard, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
President, Small-Cap Stock Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Mid-Cap Value Fund and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
James M. McDonald, 1949
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
|
President, Prime Reserve Fund and TRP Reserve Investment Funds; Executive Vice President, Summit Funds and U.S. Treasury Funds; Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Short-Term Income Fund, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Exempt Money Fund
|
Michael J. McGonigle, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Corporate Income Fund, High Yield Fund, and Institutional Income Funds
|
Hugh D. McGuirk, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Tax-Efficient Funds; Vice President, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
|
Heather K. McPherson, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, New Era Fund, and Value Fund
|
Robert L. McWilliam, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Portfolio Manager, Sailfish Capital Partners (to 2006); Vice President, Merrill Lynch (2002 to 2006);
|
Assistant Vice President, Corporate Income Fund
|
Jean Medecin, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly employee, Credit Lyonnais Asset Management/Credit Agricole Asset Management (to 2006)
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Cheryl A. Mickel, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, U.S. Treasury Funds; Vice President, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and Summit Funds
|
Joseph M. Milano, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, New America Growth Fund; Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
Raymond A. Mills, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; Ph.D., CFA
|
Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Spectrum Funds
|
James M. Murphy, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund; Vice President, Summit Municipal Funds and Tax-Free Income Fund
|
Linda A. Murphy, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust and State Tax-Free Income Trust
|
Sudhir Nanda, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D., CFA
|
Executive Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Index Trust
|
Philip A. Nestico, 1976
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, International Funds, and Real Estate Fund
|
Hwee Jan Ng, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly Vice President of Equity Research, Merrill Lynch Investment Managers in Singapore (to 2005); CFA
|
Vice President, Financial Services Fund
|
Jason Nogueira, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Healthcare Equity Analyst, Putnam Investments (to 2004); student, Harvard Business School (to 2003); CFA
|
Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Health Sciences Fund, New America Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Edmund M. Notzon III, 1945
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Ph.D., CFA
|
President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, and U.S. Bond Index Fund; Vice President, Short-Term Income Fund
|
Charles M. Ober, 1950
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, New Era Fund; Vice President, International Funds and Real Estate Fund
|
David Oestreicher, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited, T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
Christian M. O`Neill, 1969
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Equity Research Analyst, Morgan Stanley and Trader and Operations Scheduler, Exxon Mobile Corporation (to 2006)
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund and New Era Fund
|
Curt J. Organt, 1968
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
Hiroaki Owaki, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited; formerly Senior Investment Analyst, ABN Amro Asset Management (to 2004); CFA
|
Vice President, Global Technology Fund
|
Gonzalo Pangaro, 1968
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
Timothy E. Parker, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, New Era Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Charles G. Pepin, 1966
Director, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Health Sciences Fund, and Institutional Equity Funds
|
Donald J. Peters, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Tax-Efficient Funds; Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund and Dividend Growth Fund
|
Jason B. Polun, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Vice President, Wellington Management LLP (to 2006); student, The Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania (to 2004); CFA
|
Vice President, Equity Income Fund and Financial Services Fund
|
D. James Prey III, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Growth Stock Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
|
Larry J. Puglia, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA
|
President, Blue Chip Growth Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Growth Stock Fund and Personal Strategy Funds
|
Robert T. Quinn, Jr., 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Director of Investment Banking, UBS Investment Bank (to 2004)
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund and Equity Income Fund
|
Karen M. Regan, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, and Growth & Income Fund
|
Vernon A. Reid, Jr., 1954
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, Short-Term Income Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
Michael T. Roberts, 1980
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, Brown University (to 2005); Research Analyst, Chicago Board of Options Exchange (summer 2005); Research Analyst, Roberts & Dybdahl Inc. (to 2004); Math Instructor, Peace Corps. (to 2003); Calculus Teaching Assistant, University of Chicago (to 2003)
|
Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund
|
Theodore E. Robson, 1965
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Real Estate Fund
|
Joseph Rohm, 1969
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly Equity Analyst, Insight Investment (to 2005)
|
Vice President, Financial Services Fund
|
Christopher J. Rothery, 1963
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
President, Developing Technologies Fund and Global Technology Fund; Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New America Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, Science & Technology Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund
|
Brian A. Rubin, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CPA
|
Assistant Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
R. Todd Ruppert, 1956
Chief Executive Officer, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited and T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited; Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
|
Vice President, Institutional International Funds
|
Federico Santilli, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Financial Services Fund
|
Daniel O. Shackelford, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
President, Inflation Protected Bond Fund and New Income Fund; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Short-Term Income Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds
|
Robert W. Sharps, 1971
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA
|
Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Growth Stock Fund, International Funds, and New America Growth Fund
|
John C.A. Sherman, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, Health Sciences Fund
|
Clark R. Shields, 1976
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, Harvard Business School (to 2006); Associate, MDT Advisers (to 2004)
|
Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
Charles M. Shriver, 1967
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds and Spectrum Funds
|
Neil Smith, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, International Index Fund
|
Robert W. Smith, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
|
President, Growth Stock Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, New America Growth Fund, and Spectrum Funds
|
Michael F. Sola, 1969
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Science & Technology Fund; Vice President, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Growth Stock Fund, International Funds, and New Horizons Fund
|
Gabriel Solomon, 1977
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, The Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania (to 2004); Equity Analyst Intern, Wellington Management Company, LLP (to 2003); consultant, Sibson Management Consulting (to 2002)
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, and Financial Services Fund
|
Joshua K. Spencer, 1973
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Research Analyst and Sector Fund Portfolio Manager, Fidelity Investments (to 2004); CFA
|
Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Growth Stock Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
|
William J. Stromberg, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Equity Income Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds
|
Walter P. Stuart III, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
Taymour R. Tamaddon, 1976
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly intern, T. Rowe Price (to 2004)
|
Vice President, Health Sciences Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund
|
Timothy G. Taylor, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund; Assistant Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund and Tax-Free Income Fund
|
Dean Tenerelli, 1964
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds
|
Thomas E. Tewksbury, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds
|
Craig A. Thiese, 1975
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Equity Trader, Rydex Investments (to 2006); Equity Trader, Eagle Asset Management (to 2003)
|
Vice President, Financial Services Fund
|
Justin Thomson, 1968
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
David A. Tiberii, 1965
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
President, Corporate Income Fund; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds and New Income Fund
|
Susan G. Troll, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA
|
Vice President, Prime Reserve Fund and Summit Funds
|
Ken D. Uematsu, 1966
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Executive Vice President, Index Trust; Vice President, International Index Fund
|
Chirag Vasavada, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Manager in the Corporate Strategy and Development Group, Microsoft Corporation (to 2005)
|
Vice President, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, and Science & Technology Fund
|
Mark J. Vaselkiv, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
President, High Yield Fund; Executive Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Institutional Income Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Retirement Funds
|
Eric L. Veiel, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Senior Equity Analyst, Wachovia Securities (to 2005); CFA
|
Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Equity Income Fund, Financial Services Fund, New America Growth Fund, and Value Fund
|
J. David Wagner, 1974
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
John F. Wakeman, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Executive Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund; Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Institutional Equity Funds
|
David J. Wallack, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
President, Mid-Cap Value Fund; Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds and New Era Fund
|
Julie L. Waples, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price
|
Vice President, all funds
|
David J.L. Warren, 1957
Director, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited, and T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Executive Vice President, Spectrum Funds; Vice President, Retirement Funds
|
Kwame C. Webb, 1982
Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, The College of William & Mary (to 2004)
|
Vice President, Small-Cap Stock Fund and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
Mark R. Weigman, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CIC
|
Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Tax-Efficient Funds
|
John D. Wells, 1960
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Savings Bank
|
Vice President, GNMA Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, Short-Term Income Fund, and Summit Funds
|
William F. Wendler II, 1962
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds
|
Christopher S. Whitehouse, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly Telecoms Analyst and Fund Manager, Deutsche Asset Management (to 2005)
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Richard T. Whitney, 1958
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA
|
President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund; Executive Vice President, Balanced Fund; Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Index Trust, Institutional Equity Funds, International Funds, International Index Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Retirement Funds
|
Edward A. Wiese, 1959
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Savings Bank; CFA
|
President, Short-Term Bond Fund, Short-Term Income Fund, and Summit Funds; Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Retirement Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
|
Clive M. Williams, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
|
Vice President, International Funds
|
Thea N. Williams, 1961
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
|
Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, High Yield Fund, and Institutional Income Funds
|
Paul W. Wojcik, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Index Trust, and International Index Funds
|
John Z. Wood, 1972
Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA
|
Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund
|
Ernest C. Yeung, 1979
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; CFA
|
Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
Alison Mei Ling Yip, 1966
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; formerly Analyst, Credit Suisse First Boston (to 2006)
|
Vice President, Global Technology Fund
|
Wenhua Zhang, 1970
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA
|
Vice President, Developing Technologies Fund, Global Technology Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, New Horizons Fund, Science & Technology Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund
|
PAGE 77
PAGE 79
PAGE 81
PAGE 83
PAGE 85
PAGE 87
PAGE 89
Directors` Compensation
The following table shows remuneration paid by the funds to the independent directors. In addition to directors` fees payable to all independent directors, each director serving on the Audit Committee received $7,500 for such service for the calendar year 2006, while the chairman of the Audit Committee received $15,000 for such service for the calendar year 2006. The Lead Independent Director received $100,000 for the calendar year 2006. Also, any director of the fund who is an officer or employee of T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International (inside directors) does not receive any remuneration from the funds. The funds do not pay pension or retirement benefits to their directors or officers.
The following table shows the total compensation from the funds paid to the directors for the calendar year 2006:
Directors
|
Total Compensation
|
Casey
|
$190,000
|
Deering
|
290,000
|
Dick
|
207,000
|
Fagin
|
192,000
|
Horn
|
199,500
|
Rodgers
|
197,500
|
Schreiber
|
190,000
|
The following table shows the amounts paid to the directors by each fund based on accrued compensation for the calendar year 2006:
Fund
|
Aggregate Compensation From Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Casey
|
Deering
|
Dick
|
Fagin
|
Horn
|
Rodgers
|
Schreiber
|
Africa & Middle East(a)
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
$1,667
|
Balanced
|
3,720
|
3,460
|
2,474
|
2,295
|
2,389
|
2,461
|
2,267
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
6,036
|
8,685
|
6,184
|
5,739
|
5,964
|
6,171
|
5,691
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
491
|
1,320
|
943
|
874
|
907
|
911
|
867
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
422
|
1,147
|
817
|
759
|
786
|
771
|
752
|
Capital Appreciation
|
5,904
|
8,275
|
5,896
|
5,469
|
5,683
|
6,034
|
5,421
|
Capital Opportunity
|
910
|
1,146
|
818
|
759
|
787
|
813
|
752
|
Corporate Income
|
456
|
1,237
|
880
|
820
|
851
|
843
|
812
|
Developing Technologies
|
728
|
1,010
|
718
|
668
|
699
|
719
|
661
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
771
|
1,043
|
742
|
691
|
719
|
737
|
685
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
791
|
1,055
|
750
|
695
|
726
|
748
|
690
|
Dividend Growth
|
1,678
|
1,714
|
1,222
|
1,138
|
1,181
|
1,220
|
1,125
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
926
|
2,363
|
1,687
|
1,565
|
1,627
|
962
|
1,548
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
607
|
1,623
|
1,161
|
1,080
|
1,121
|
631
|
1,069
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
1,245
|
3,008
|
2,146
|
1,992
|
2,069
|
1,294
|
1,970
|
Equity Income
|
6,035
|
8,683
|
6,190
|
5,739
|
5,964
|
6,170
|
5,691
|
Equity Index 500
|
5,249
|
6,878
|
4,909
|
4,555
|
4,734
|
5,146
|
4,507
|
European Stock
|
738
|
1,934
|
1,385
|
1,281
|
1,331
|
767
|
1,267
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
1,048
|
1,253
|
894
|
827
|
860
|
888
|
821
|
Financial Services
|
1,185
|
1,351
|
962
|
894
|
926
|
958
|
885
|
Florida Intermediate
Tax-Free*
|
358
|
1,051
|
750
|
697
|
722
|
703
|
690
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
420
|
1,151
|
819
|
761
|
788
|
772
|
754
|
Global Stock
|
513
|
1,387
|
993
|
919
|
954
|
533
|
906
|
Global Technology
|
836
|
1,091
|
776
|
722
|
747
|
773
|
715
|
GNMA
|
841
|
2,204
|
1,576
|
1,463
|
1,519
|
1,622
|
1,445
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
732
|
1,990
|
1,426
|
1,320
|
1,372
|
1,466
|
1,304
|
Growth & Income
|
2,757
|
2,514
|
1,800
|
1,670
|
1,734
|
1,801
|
1,648
|
Growth Stock
|
6,035
|
8,685
|
6,190
|
5,739
|
5,962
|
6,170
|
5,691
|
Health Sciences
|
2,686
|
2,466
|
1,762
|
1,632
|
1,696
|
1,754
|
1,613
|
High Yield
|
2,081
|
5,168
|
3,698
|
3,427
|
3,561
|
3,991
|
3,386
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
420
|
1,155
|
815
|
758
|
783
|
769
|
751
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
164
|
249
|
177
|
165
|
170
|
170
|
165
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
395
|
1,081
|
769
|
711
|
736
|
714
|
704
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
55
|
84
|
59
|
55
|
57
|
57
|
55
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
450
|
1,262
|
911
|
845
|
878
|
467
|
837
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
470
|
1,336
|
954
|
886
|
920
|
484
|
876
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
326
|
497
|
354
|
325
|
342
|
339
|
325
|
Institutional High Yield
|
500
|
1,359
|
972
|
901
|
934
|
944
|
891
|
Institutional International Bond(b)
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
2,917
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
717
|
1,003
|
716
|
663
|
686
|
713
|
657
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
1,070
|
1,295
|
923
|
860
|
887
|
915
|
850
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
899
|
1,150
|
820
|
758
|
789
|
814
|
752
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
1,262
|
1,394
|
995
|
924
|
958
|
992
|
913
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
1,268
|
1,400
|
999
|
925
|
963
|
996
|
917
|
International Bond
|
1,169
|
2,873
|
2,052
|
1,907
|
1,976
|
1,216
|
1,880
|
International Discovery
|
1,180
|
2,853
|
2,037
|
1,887
|
1,967
|
1,227
|
1,867
|
International Equity Index
|
469
|
1,308
|
932
|
866
|
899
|
483
|
857
|
International
Growth & Income
|
1,169
|
2,761
|
1,969
|
1,825
|
1,899
|
1,215
|
1,808
|
International Stock
|
2,901
|
6,864
|
4,912
|
4,557
|
4,734
|
3,018
|
4,497
|
Japan
|
624
|
1,661
|
1,185
|
1,100
|
1,142
|
649
|
1,088
|
Latin America
|
1,080
|
2,626
|
1,872
|
1,740
|
1,806
|
1,123
|
1,719
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
439
|
1,192
|
854
|
792
|
824
|
810
|
784
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
900
|
2,337
|
1,670
|
1,549
|
1,611
|
1,728
|
1,532
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
448
|
1,204
|
860
|
797
|
826
|
815
|
790
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
2,114
|
2,065
|
1,473
|
1,368
|
1,420
|
1,464
|
1,353
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
6,036
|
8,685
|
6,190
|
5,733
|
5,964
|
6,171
|
5,691
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
5,227
|
6,910
|
4,934
|
4,575
|
4,756
|
5,190
|
4,526
|
New America Growth
|
1,758
|
1,747
|
1,246
|
1,159
|
1,203
|
1,244
|
1,146
|
New Asia
|
1,088
|
2,684
|
1,919
|
1,778
|
1,847
|
1,131
|
1,758
|
New Era
|
4,396
|
4,975
|
3,557
|
3,300
|
3,428
|
3,677
|
3,262
|
New Horizons
|
5,297
|
7,209
|
5,143
|
4,770
|
4,958
|
5,403
|
4,723
|
New Income
|
1,878
|
4,639
|
3,314
|
3,077
|
3,196
|
3,559
|
3,040
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
452
|
1,226
|
868
|
804
|
839
|
828
|
797
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
478
|
1,284
|
914
|
851
|
882
|
880
|
842
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
424
|
1,156
|
825
|
766
|
795
|
779
|
759
|
Overseas Stock(c)
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
2,318
|
2,191
|
1,566
|
1,452
|
1,510
|
1,559
|
1,436
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
1,913
|
1,891
|
1,350
|
1,253
|
1,302
|
1,342
|
1,239
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
1,335
|
1,471
|
1,050
|
973
|
1,011
|
1,044
|
963
|
Prime Reserve
|
2,358
|
5,861
|
4,197
|
3,890
|
4,042
|
4,515
|
3,840
|
Real Estate
|
2,279
|
2,319
|
1,655
|
1,533
|
1,594
|
1,633
|
1,515
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
3,552
|
8,563
|
6,110
|
5,669
|
5,885
|
6,304
|
5,611
|
Retirement 2005
|
1,229
|
1,406
|
1,003
|
929
|
966
|
998
|
922
|
Retirement 2010
|
2,991
|
2,834
|
2,019
|
1,877
|
1,949
|
2,000
|
1,855
|
Retirement 2015
|
2,093
|
2,146
|
1,529
|
1,417
|
1,473
|
1,511
|
1,407
|
Retirement 2020
|
3,623
|
3,434
|
2,451
|
2,273
|
2,361
|
2,416
|
2,251
|
Retirement 2025
|
1,906
|
1,989
|
1,418
|
1,314
|
1,366
|
1,401
|
1,303
|
Retirement 2030
|
2,616
|
2,570
|
1,830
|
1,700
|
1,762
|
1,806
|
1,680
|
Retirement 2035
|
1,239
|
1,449
|
1,031
|
955
|
1,000
|
1,021
|
947
|
Retirement 2040
|
1,560
|
1,709
|
1,220
|
1,127
|
1,177
|
1,207
|
1,121
|
Retirement 2045
|
767
|
1,065
|
757
|
701
|
729
|
752
|
695
|
Retirement 2050(c)
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
Retirement 2055(c)
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
Retirement Income
|
1,437
|
1,577
|
1,124
|
1,044
|
1,087
|
1,117
|
1,034
|
Science & Technology
|
3,973
|
4,221
|
3,024
|
2,806
|
2,914
|
3,095
|
2,762
|
Short-Term Bond
|
929
|
2,345
|
1,677
|
1,556
|
1,617
|
1,724
|
1,538
|
Short-Term Income
|
211
|
322
|
228
|
211
|
220
|
220
|
211
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
5,640
|
7,901
|
5,632
|
5,225
|
5,428
|
5,759
|
5,176
|
Small-Cap Value
|
4,981
|
6,404
|
4,575
|
4,243
|
4,410
|
4,806
|
4,194
|
Spectrum Growth
|
3,933
|
3,860
|
2,761
|
2,560
|
2,658
|
2,768
|
2,528
|
Spectrum Income
|
4,271
|
4,714
|
3,371
|
3,128
|
3,253
|
3,451
|
3,087
|
Spectrum International
|
927
|
1,172
|
834
|
774
|
804
|
831
|
769
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
2,181
|
5,322
|
3,810
|
3,535
|
3,673
|
4,109
|
3,493
|
Summit GNMA
|
408
|
1,113
|
795
|
737
|
764
|
743
|
730
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
491
|
1,278
|
912
|
847
|
877
|
870
|
839
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
499
|
1,309
|
935
|
861
|
901
|
894
|
857
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
496
|
1,351
|
966
|
898
|
932
|
938
|
890
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
724
|
1,007
|
717
|
663
|
691
|
715
|
658
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
757
|
1,030
|
734
|
681
|
709
|
732
|
675
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
716
|
1,000
|
713
|
663
|
687
|
712
|
656
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
733
|
1,987
|
1,424
|
1,319
|
1,371
|
1,454
|
1,302
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
946
|
2,420
|
1,730
|
1,606
|
1,669
|
1,792
|
1,588
|
Tax-Free Income
|
1,055
|
2,718
|
1,945
|
1,805
|
1,876
|
2,035
|
1,783
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
381
|
1,115
|
798
|
740
|
761
|
759
|
732
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
566
|
1,512
|
1,080
|
1,003
|
1,041
|
1,064
|
990
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
1,188
|
1,356
|
966
|
896
|
932
|
963
|
887
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
443
|
1,205
|
860
|
798
|
827
|
812
|
790
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
471
|
1,276
|
910
|
846
|
878
|
875
|
837
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
475
|
1,269
|
906
|
839
|
872
|
870
|
831
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
725
|
1,889
|
1,350
|
1,250
|
1,305
|
1,365
|
1,235
|
Value
|
4,701
|
5,368
|
3,827
|
3,550
|
3,690
|
3,924
|
3,514
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
568
|
1,505
|
1,074
|
995
|
1,035
|
1,063
|
985
|
PAGE 91
PAGE 93
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
(a)Estimated for the period August 31, 2007, through December 31, 2007.
(b)Estimated for the period May 31, 2007, through December 31, 2007.
(c)Estimated for the period December 29, 2006, through December 31, 2007.
PAGE 95
Directors` Holdings in the Price Funds
The following tables set forth the Price Fund holdings of the independent and inside directors, as of December 31, 2006, unless otherwise indicated.
Aggregate Holdings,
All Funds
|
Independent Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Casey
|
Deering
|
Dick
|
Fagin
|
Horn
|
Rodgers
|
Schreiber
|
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Balanced
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Appreciation
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Corporate Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Developing Technologies
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Dividend Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Index 500
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Index 500 Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
European Stock
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Financial Services
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Global Stock
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Global Technology
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
GNMA
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth & Income
|
None
|
None
|
$1-$10,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Growth Stock
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth Stock Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
High Yield
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
$1-$10,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional High Yield
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Bond
|
over $100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Discovery
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Equity Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Japan
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Latin America
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Maryland Short-Term
Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth
Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New America Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New America Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Asia
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Era
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Horizons
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
$1-$10,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Income
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Income Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Overseas Stock
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Prime Reserve
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
Prime Reserve Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Real Estate
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2005
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2015
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2025
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2035
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2045
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2055
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income Fund—
R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Science & Technology
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Short-Term Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Short-Term Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Value
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Spectrum Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Spectrum Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Spectrum International
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
$1-$10,000
|
Summit GNMA
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$1-$10,000
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Tax-Free Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$1-$10,000
|
Value
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
PAGE 97
PAGE 99
PAGE 101
Aggregate Holdings,
All Funds
|
Inside Directors
|
|
|
|
|
Bernard
|
Laporte
|
Miller
|
Rogers
|
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Balanced
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Appreciation
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Corporate Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Developing Technologies
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Dividend Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Income Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Index 500
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Equity Index 500 Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
European Stock
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Financial Services
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Global Stock
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Global Technology
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
GNMA
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth & Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth Stock
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Health Sciences Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
High Yield
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional High Yield
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Bond
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Discovery
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
International Equity Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Growth & Income Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
International Stock Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Japan
|
$1-$10,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Latin America
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio—II
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New America Growth
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New America Growth Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Asia
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
New Era
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
New Horizons
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
New Income
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Overseas Stock
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Prime Reserve
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
Prime Reserve Portfolio
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Real Estate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2005
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2015
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2025
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2035
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2045
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement 2055
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Retirement Income Fund—R Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Science & Technology
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
over $100,000
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Short-Term Bond
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Short-Term Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
$10,001-$50,000
|
None
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Small-Cap Value
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Spectrum Growth
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Spectrum Income
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Spectrum International
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
over $100,000
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
Summit GNMA
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Free Income
|
None
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
None
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
None
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Value
|
None
|
over $100,000
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
over $100,000
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
PAGE 103
PAGE 105
Portfolio Managers` Holdings in the Price Funds
The following table sets forth the Price Fund holdings of each fund`s portfolio manager(s).
Fund
|
|
Range of Fund Holdings
as of Fund`s Fiscal Year a
|
All Funds
Range as of
12/31/06
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Africa & Middle East
|
Christopher D. Alderson
|
(b)
|
over $1,000,000
|
Balanced
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
Larry J. Puglia
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Capital Appreciation
|
Jeffrey W. Arricale
David R. Giroux(c)
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
$100,001—$500,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
$100,001—$500,000
|
Capital Opportunity
|
Anna Dopkin
|
$50,001—$100,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Corporate Income
|
David A. Tiberii
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Developing Technologies
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
Donald J. Peters
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
Sudhir Nanda
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Dividend Growth
|
Thomas J. Huber
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
S. Leigh Robertson(d)
|
none
|
none
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
Michael J. Conelius
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
Christopher D. Alderson
Frances Dydasco
Mark J.T. Edwards
Gonzalo Pangaro
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
none
$50,001—$100,000
|
over $1,000,000
$10,001—$50,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Equity Income
|
Brian C. Rogers
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Equity Index 500
|
E. Frederick Bair
|
$50,001—$100,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
European Stock
|
Dean Tenerelli
|
none
|
none
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
E. Frederick Bair
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Financial Services
|
Jeffrey W. Arricale
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Global Stock
|
Robert N. Gensler
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Global Technology
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001-$1,000,000
|
GNMA
|
Connice A. Bavely(e)
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Growth & Income
|
Thomas J. Huber
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Growth Stock
|
Robert W. Smith
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Health Sciences
|
Kris H. Jenner
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
High Yield
|
Mark J. Vaselkiv
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
Daniel O. Shackelford
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
International Bond
|
Ian D. Kelson
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
International Discovery
|
M. Campbell Gunn
Anh Lu
Justin Thomson
|
none
none
$100,001—$500,000
|
none
none
$100,001—$500,000
|
International Equity Index
|
E. Frederick Bair
Neil Smith
|
$1—$10,000
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
|
International Growth & Income
|
Raymond A. Mills, Ph.D.
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
International Stock
|
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Dean Tenerelli
David J.L. Warren
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
$100,001—$500,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Japan
|
M. Campbell Gunn
|
none
|
none
|
Latin America
|
Gonzalo Pangaro
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
Charles B. Hill
|
$1—$10,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
Hugh D. McGuirk
|
$50,001—$100,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
P. Robert Bartolo
Henry M. Ellenbogen
|
$100,001—$500,000
$50,001—$100,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
David J. Wallack
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
New America Growth
|
Joseph M. Milano
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
New Asia
|
Frances Dydasco
|
none
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
New Era
|
Charles M. Ober
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
New Horizons
|
John H. Laporte
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
New Income
|
Daniel O. Shackelford
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Overseas Stock
|
Raymond A. Mills, Ph.D.
|
(b)
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Prime Reserve
|
James M. McDonald
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Real Estate
|
David M. Lee
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Science & Technology
|
Michael F. Sola
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Short-Term Bond
|
Edward A. Wiese
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
Gregory A. McCrickard
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Small-Cap Value
|
Preston G. Athey
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Spectrum Growth
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Spectrum Income
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Spectrum International
|
David J.L. Warren
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
James M. McDonald
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Summit GNMA
|
Connice A. Bavely
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
Konstantine B. Mallas
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
Charles B. Hill
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
Hugh D. McGuirk
Donald J. Peters
|
$50,001—$100,000$500,001—$1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
Donald J. Peters
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
Donald J. Peters
|
over $1,000,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
James M. Murphy
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Tax-Free Income
|
Mary J. Miller
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
Charles B. Hill
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
E. Frederick Bair
Ken D. Uematsu
|
$1—$10,000
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
$100,001—$500,000
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
Cheryl A. Mickel
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
Brian J. Brennan
|
$10,001—$50,000
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
James M. McDonald
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Value
|
John D. Linehan
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
|
PAGE 107
(a)See table beginning on page 5 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year is updated concurrently with each fund`s prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
(b)The fund incepted after its fiscal year end, therefore, the range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year will be updated concurrently with its prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
(c)On July 1, 2007, David R. Giroux became the sole portfolio manager of the fund.
(d)On July 2, 2007, S. Leigh Robertson became the portfolio manager of the fund.
(e)Connice Bavely will retire from T. Rowe Price and step down from her responsibilities as portfolio manager in the first quarter of 2008.
The following funds may be purchased only by institutional investors.
Fund
|
|
Range of Fund Holdings
as of Fund`s Fiscal Year a
|
All Funds
Range as of
12/31/06
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
David R. Giroux
John D. Linehan
|
none
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
Brian J. Brennan
|
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
Michael J. Conelius
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
Christopher D. Alderson
Frances Dydasco
Mark J.T. Edwards
Gonzalo Pangaro
David J.L. Warren
|
none
none
none
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
$10,001—$50,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Dean Tenerelli
David J.L. Warren
|
none
none
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
Robert N. Gensler
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional High Yield
|
Mark J. Vaselkiv
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional International Bond
|
Ian D. Kelson
|
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
Larry J. Puglia
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
Robert W. Sharps
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
David Giroux
John D. Linehan
Brian C. Rogers
|
none
none
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
Gregory A. McCrickard
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Short-Term Income
|
Edward A. Wiese
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
(a)See table beginning on page 5 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year is updated concurrently with each fund`s prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
The following funds are designed as investment options for insurance companies issuing variable annuity or variable life insurance contracts. Variable life insurance contracts may not be suitable investments for these portfolio managers.
Fund
|
|
Range of Fund Holdings
as of Fund`s Fiscal Yeara
|
All Funds
Range as of
12/31/06
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Blue Chip Growth Portfolio
|
Larry J. Puglia
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Equity Income Portfolio
|
Brian C. Rogers
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Equity Index 500 Portfolio
|
E. Frederick Bair
|
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
Health Sciences Portfolio
|
Kris H. Jenner
|
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
|
International Stock Portfolio
|
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
Dean Tenerelli
David J.L. Warren
|
none
none
none
|
$100,001—$500,000
none
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio
|
Edward A. Wiese
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
New America Growth Portfolio
|
Joseph M. Milano
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Prime Reserve Portfolio
|
James M. McDonald
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
(a)See table beginning on page 5 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year is updated concurrently with each fund`s prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
The following funds are designed for persons residing in the indicated state. The portfolio managers reside in Maryland.
Fund
|
|
Range of Fund Holdings
as of Fund`s Fiscal Year a
|
All Funds
Range as of
12/31/06
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
Konstantine B. Mallas
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
Hugh D. McGuirk
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
Konstantine B. Mallas
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
Konstantine B. Mallas
|
none
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
Hugh D. McGuirk
|
none
|
over $1,000,000
|
(a)See table beginning on page 5 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year is updated concurrently with each fund`s prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
PAGE 109
The following funds are designed such that a single individual would select one fund based on that person`s expected retirement date.
Fund
|
|
Range of Fund Holdings
as of Fund`s Fiscal Year a
|
All Funds
Range as of
12/31/06
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
|
Retirement 2005
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2010
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2015
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2020
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2025
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2030
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2035
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2040
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
$500,001—$1,000,000
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2045
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
$100,001-$500,000
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2050
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement 2055
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
Retirement Income
|
Jerome A. Clark
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
none
none
|
over $1,000,000
over $1,000,000
|
(a)See table beginning on page 5 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the fund`s fiscal year is updated concurrently with each fund`s prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 5.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Portfolio manager compensation consists primarily of a base salary, a cash bonus, and an equity incentive that usually comes in the form of a stock option grant. Occasionally, portfolio managers will also have the opportunity to participate in venture capital partnerships. Compensation is variable and is determined based on the following factors.
Investment performance over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods is the most important input. We evaluate performance in absolute, relative, and risk-adjusted terms. Relative performance and risk-adjusted performance are determined with reference to the broad-based index (e.g., S&P 500) and the Lipper index (e.g., Large-Cap Growth) set forth in the total returns table in the fund`s prospectus, although other benchmarks may be used as well. Investment results are also measured against comparably managed funds of competitive investment management firms. The selection of comparable funds is approved by our Investment Steering Committees and those funds are the same ones presented to our mutual fund directors in their regular review of fund performance. Performance is primarily measured on a pretax basis though tax efficiency is considered and is especially important for the Tax-Efficient Funds. Compensation is viewed with a long-term time horizon. The more consistent a manager`s performance over time, the higher the compensation opportunity. The increase or decrease in a fund`s assets due to the purchase or sale of fund shares is not considered a material factor. In reviewing relative performance for fixed-income funds, a fund`s expense ratio is usually taken into account.
Contribution to our overall investment process is an important consideration as well. Sharing ideas with other portfolio managers, working effectively with and mentoring our younger analysts, and being good corporate citizens are important components of our long-term success and are highly valued.
All employees of T. Rowe Price, including portfolio managers, participate in a 401(k) plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price Group. In addition, all employees are eligible to purchase T. Rowe Price common stock through an employee stock purchase plan that features a limited corporate matching contribution. Eligibility for and participation in these plans is on the same basis as for all employees. Finally, all vice presidents of T. Rowe Price Group, including all portfolio managers, receive supplemental medical/hospital reimbursement benefits.
This compensation structure is used for all portfolios managed by the portfolio manager.
Assets Under Management
The following table sets forth the number and total assets of the mutual funds and accounts managed by the Price Funds` portfolio managers as of the fiscal year of the funds they manage, unless otherwise indicated. All of the assets of the funds that have multiple portfolio managers are shown as being allocated to all managers of those funds. There are no accounts for which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.
|
Registered Investment
Companies
|
Other Pooled Investment
Vehicles
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
Number
|
Total Assets
|
Number
|
Total Assets
|
Number
|
Total Assets
|
Christopher D. Alderson
|
7
|
$4,557,523,050
|
3
|
$3,087,890,467
|
8
|
$2,365,889,463
|
Preston G. Athey
|
7
|
8,238,481,391
|
2
|
3,931,832
|
9
|
759,098,508
|
Jeffrey W. Arricale
|
1
|
444,696,156
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
E. Frederick Bair
|
8
|
8,785,821,074
|
1
|
3,757,612,568
|
1
|
514,614,023
|
P. Robert Bartolo
|
2
|
1,594,396,107
|
1
|
1,342,419,930
|
—
|
—
|
Connice A. Bavely
|
5
|
1,494,186,735
|
1
|
121,935,351
|
3
|
850,867,796
|
Brian W.H. Berghuis
|
8
|
19,105,214,580
|
—
|
—
|
6
|
1,196,351,377
|
Mark C.J. Bickford-Smith
|
3
|
1,461,994,503
|
1
|
144,151,894
|
4
|
2,071,536,293
|
Brian J. Brennan
|
3
|
445,995,285
|
6
|
2,771,401,284
|
9
|
689,498,519
|
Jerome A. Clark
|
43
|
13,338,661,809
|
5
|
32,441,641
|
—
|
—
|
Michael J. Conelius
|
4
|
793,155,596
|
3
|
266,096,742
|
1
|
0
|
Anna M. Dopkin
|
5
|
1,923,512,973
|
5
|
2,217,532,071
|
29
|
7,355,080,383
|
Frances Dydasco
|
3
|
5,075,051,012
|
1
|
3,162,083
|
—
|
—
|
Mark J.T. Edwards
|
2
|
2,453,727,688
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Henry M. Ellenbogen
|
1
|
1,456,440,715
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Robert N. Gensler
|
7
|
982,478,723
|
5
|
2,081,008,005
|
5
|
1,599,238,431
|
David R. Giroux
|
5
|
14,091,015,432
|
1
|
106,932,415
|
—
|
—
|
M. Campbell Gunn
|
2
|
2,671,378,608
|
1
|
38,368,707
|
2
|
1,098,064,513
|
Charles B. Hill
|
3
|
1,192,343,126
|
—
|
—
|
12
|
1,133,214,298
|
Thomas J. Huber
|
2
|
2,547,114,509
|
1
|
126,553,853
|
—
|
—
|
Kris H. Jenner
|
5
|
2,379,410,623
|
2
|
87,786,808
|
1
|
26,406,091
|
Ian D. Kelson
|
13
|
2,865,759,314
|
22
|
427,459,465
|
3
|
48,597,055
|
John H. Laporte
|
2
|
7,437,902,049
|
2
|
225,845,007
|
8
|
822,106,297
|
David M. Lee
|
3
|
2,989,623,613
|
—
|
—
|
1
|
29,664,471
|
John D. Linehan
|
7
|
7,727,469,512
|
2
|
521,721,688
|
13
|
971,361,250
|
Anh Lu
|
1
|
2,096,740,291
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Joseph K. Lynagh
|
5
|
1,572,322,352
|
—
|
—
|
13
|
381,568,934
|
Konstantine B. Mallas
|
4
|
1,239,241,511
|
—
|
—
|
4
|
80,601,239
|
Gregory A. McCrickard
|
4
|
8,381,343,162
|
2
|
213,231,912
|
7
|
1,013,051,301
|
James M. McDonald
|
6
|
25,039,061,034
|
1
|
498,781,251
|
—
|
—
|
Hugh D. McGuirk
|
4
|
2,160,467,728
|
—
|
—
|
11
|
314,041,514
|
Cheryl A. Mickel
|
3
|
424,213,629
|
1
|
2,684,839,928
|
18
|
3,080,468,281
|
Joseph M. Milano
|
2
|
901,935,971
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Mary J. Miller
|
1
|
1,853,820,054
|
—
|
—
|
2
|
196,165,276
|
Raymond A. Mills, Ph.D.
|
3
|
2,245,035,818
|
—
|
—
|
2
|
29,588,483
|
James M. Murphy
|
1
|
1,606,062,159
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Sudhir Nanda
|
4
|
793,608,511
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Edmund M. Notzon III
|
20
|
15,101,632,772
|
14
|
2,592,120,586
|
13
|
1,445,065,479
|
Charles M. Ober
|
2
|
4,166,754,711
|
—
|
—
|
4
|
601,781,869
|
Gonzalo Pangaro
|
3
|
4,336,626,662
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Donald J. Peters
|
13
|
2,697,054,393
|
—
|
—
|
35
|
2,013,252,402
|
Larry J. Puglia
|
10
|
15,590,009,790
|
1
|
51,762,622
|
12
|
1,348,567,627
|
S. Leigh Robertson
|
1
|
1,664,845,811
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Brian C. Rogers
|
13
|
33,898,044,354
|
3
|
370,594,443
|
18
|
1,941,638,978
|
Jeffrey Rottinghaus
|
2
|
165,319,984
|
2
|
10,938,139
|
—
|
—
|
Daniel O. Shackelford
|
5
|
6,133,616,561
|
1
|
213,364,701
|
6
|
953,534,981
|
Robert W. Sharps
|
8
|
3,906,150,370
|
4
|
2,561,405,386
|
27
|
5,120,693,094
|
Neil Smith
|
1
|
249,739,538
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Robert W. Smith
|
11
|
23,167,412,623
|
1
|
113,408,350
|
5
|
368,132,318
|
Michael F. Sola
|
3
|
4,327,702,875
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
William J. Stromberg
|
3
|
1,161,625,064
|
4
|
1,189,854,244
|
22
|
3,763,638,059
|
Dean Tenerelli
|
2
|
1,521,432,427
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Justin Thomson
|
1
|
2,096,740,291
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
David A. Tiberii
|
2
|
234,087,104
|
2
|
164,876,990
|
11
|
1,757,255,039
|
Ken D. Uematsu
|
1
|
465,513,444
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Mark J. Vaselkiv
|
7
|
6,816,744,374
|
8
|
1,703,466,785
|
16
|
2,367,548,555
|
David J. Wallack
|
3
|
7,724,604,192
|
—
|
—
|
2
|
214,305,351
|
David J.L. Warren
|
5
|
8,489,319,599
|
1
|
150,891,588
|
1
|
107,769,980
|
Edward A. Wiese
|
5
|
2,731,339,276
|
1
|
71,522,643
|
11
|
2,386,713,589
|
Paul W. Wojcik
|
4
|
832,110,948
|
—
|
—
|
1
|
28,266,606
|
PAGE 111
Conflicts of Interest
Portfolio managers at T. Rowe Price typically manage multiple accounts. These accounts may include, among others, mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, colleges and universities, foundations), and commingled trust accounts. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. T. Rowe Price has adopted brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures which it believes are reasonably designed to address any potential conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. Also, as disclosed under the "Portfolio Manager`s Compensation" section, our portfolio managers` compensation is
determined in the same manner with respect to all portfolios managed by the portfolio manager. Please see the "Portfolio Transactions" section of this Statement of Additional Information for more information on our brokerage and trade allocation policies.
T. Rowe Price funds may, from time to time, own shares of Morningstar, Inc. Morningstar is a provider of investment research to individual and institutional investors, and publishes ratings on mutual funds, including the Price Funds. T. Rowe Price pays Morningstar for a variety of products and services and manages the Morningstar retirement plan. In addition, Morningstar may provide investment consulting and investment management services to clients of T. Rowe Price.
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of July 31, 2007, the directors and officers of the funds, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of any fund, except for the funds shown in the following table.
Fund
|
%*
|
Developing Technologies
|
5.4
|
Global Stock
|
1.1
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
2.4
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
5.2
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
3.5
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
3.4
|
(*)Based on July 31, 2007 data for the inside directors and officers and December 31, 2006, data for the independent directors.
As of August 31, 2007, the following shareholders of record owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the indicated funds and/or classes.
Fund
|
Shareholder
|
%
|
Balanced
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
P.O. Box 17215
Baltimore, Maryland 21297
|
44.68(c)
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
Pirateline & Co.
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department100 East Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Blue Chip Growth Fund
Attn.: Asset Reconciliations
P.O. Box 17215
Baltimore, Maryland 21297
|
6.71
25.69(b)
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
RPS SEG Funds and Accounting
601 Congress Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
Mercer Trust Company TR
FBO Reuters 401(k) Pension Plan
1 Investors Way
Norwood, Massachusetts 02062
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
200 Liberty Street
One Financial Center, 4th Floor
New York, New York 10281
|
31.50(a)
5.01
14.43
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
Separate Account II
P.O. Box 1995
Indianapolis, Indiana 46206
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co.
1295 State Street
Fund Operations
Springfield, Massachusetts 01111
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
c/o IPO Portfolio Accounting
P.O. Box 182029
Columbus, Ohio 43218
Taynik & Co.
c/o Investors Bank & Trust
P.O. Box 9130
Boston, Massachusetts 02117
|
16.72
14.37
13.68
6.12
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
Georgette O`Connor Day TR
Georgette O`Connor Day Trust
Los Angeles, California
|
8.84
|
Capital Appreciation
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Reinvest Account
Attn.: Mutual Fund Department
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, California 94104
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
9.60
10.32
6.06
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
50.06(a)
18.20
|
Capital Opportunity
|
McWood & Co.
c/o First Citizens Bank & Trust
P.O. Box 29522
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626
Swebak & Co.
c/o Amcore Investment Group
P.O. Box 4599
Rockford, Illinois 61110
TRP Finance, Inc.
802 West Street
Suite 301
Wilmington, Delaware 19801
|
32.66(a)
14.55
8.57
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
Raymond James & Associates Inc.
FBO White IRA
880 Carillon Parkway
St. Petersburg, Florida 33716
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
8.25
85.14(e)
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
GPC as Agent for MFS Heritage Trust Company FBO
Lamoureux Pagano Associates Inc. PlanP.O. Box 79377Atlanta, GA 30357
|
67.01(e)
27.16(a)
|
Corporate Income
|
Yachtcrew & Co.
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
|
43.89(d)
|
Developing Technologies
|
TRP Finance, Inc.
Trustees of T. Rowe Price
U.S. Retirement Program
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
P.O. Box 89000
Baltimore, Maryland 21289
|
6.84
8.08
|
Dividend Growth
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Dividend Growth Fund (DGF)
Attn.: Asset Reconciliation
|
11.32
|
Dividend Growth—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit ofOur Customers
|
94.62(a)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
20.64
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
10.25
7.52
19.11
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
8.30
15.92
5.06
|
Equity Income
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
20.05
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
333 West 34th Street, 3rd Floor
New York, New York 10001
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our CustomersPRIAC801 Pennsylvania AvenueKansas City, MO 64105
|
8.25
12.67
40.36(a)5.05
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
Separate Account II
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
FBO Participating Retirement Plans
Reliance Trust Company Trustee
FBO Metlife NAV Plans
8515 East Orchard Road
Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
1525 West WT Harris Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina 28288
|
16.12
10.75
5.16
8.25
|
Equity Index 500
|
Retirement Portfolio 2010
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Retirement Portfolio 2015
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Retirement Portfolio 2020
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Retirement Portfolio 2030
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: RPS Control Department
10090 Red Run Boulevard
Owings Mills, Maryland 21117
|
11.10
7.47
11.84
5.60
10.10
|
European Stock
|
Bobstay & Co.
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
10.25
6.04
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
22.95
|
Financial Services
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
5.34
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
8.51
8.68
|
Global Stock
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
6.67
6.61
6.23
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
96.40(a)
|
Global Technology
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
6.84
|
GNMA
|
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
46.59(d)
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
Barnaclesail
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Bridgesail & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Science & Technology Fund
Heirloom & Companyc/o T. Rowe Price AssociatesAttn.: Media & Telecommunication FundT. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Attn.: RPS Cash Group
|
62.34(e)
10.85
5.3811.43
|
Growth & Income
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
12.32
|
Growth Stock
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Retirement Portfolio 2030
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
5.09
5.75
5.52
5.10
10.87
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
PRIACU.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
P.O. Box 1787
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
|
35.26(a)
5.006.81
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
Separate Account II
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
|
9.67
7.65
|
Health Sciences
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
5.10
8.405.33
|
High Yield
|
Retirement Portfolio 2010
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
5.04
7.15
21.54
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
94.19(a)
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Inflation Protected Bond
|
22.83
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
100.00(f)
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
Dewey Ballantine LLP
Attn.: Linda Howard
1301 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10019
Episcopal Community Services of the Diocese
of Pennsylvania
Attn.: Arthur J. Eyre
225 South 3rd Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Jeanette Stump
Robert J. Hennessy TR
Special Metals Corporation Retiree Benefit Trust
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
40.81(a)
8.28
21.40
29.51(f)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company
FIIOC as Agent
FBO Centel RPS Plan
100 Magellan Way
Covington, Kentucky 41015
Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company
FIIOC as Agent
FBO Embarq RPS Bargaining Plan
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
5.24
57.76(a)
36.99(f)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
Mac & Co.
Mutual Funds Operations
P.O. Box 3198
525 William Penn Place
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230
Nabank & Co.
Daily Record Keeping Account
Attn.: Trust Securities
P.O. Box 2180
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101
Patterson & Company Omnibus
1525 West Wt.Harris Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina 28288
SEI Private Trust Co.
c/o Harris Bank
Attn.: Mutual Funds
One Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456
The Glenmede Trust Co.
Lauer & Company
P.O. Box 58997
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
The Nemours Foundation
Attn.: John Suddeth
4600 Touchton Road East
Suite 200500
Jacksonville, Florida 32246
|
11.92
8.33
6.08
34.36(a)
14.79
6.26
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
Mac & Co.
Nabank & Co.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Saxon & Co.
P.O. Box 7780-1888
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19182
State Street Bank & Trust Co. Cust.
Houston Metro Transit Authority Fund—MTA Union805 Pennsylvania AvenueTower 2, 5th FloorKansas City, Missouri 64105
State Street Bank & Trust Co. Cust.
Houston Metro Transit Authority Fund—MTA Non-Union
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Balanced Fund Employee Profit Sharing Retirement
Plan of Winn Dixie Stores, Inc.
|
17.14
8.69
5.80
8.91
16.83
10.92
7.89
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
100.00(f)
|
Institutional High Yield
|
Bread & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Balanced Fund
Fidelity Investments
Institutional Operations Company
FIIOC as Agent for Ford SSIP
Fidelity Investments
Institutional Operations Company
FIIOC as Agent for Ford TESPHE
Ladybird & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Income Fund
Ladybug & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Balanced Fund
National City TR
FBO Jones Day 401(k) Plan
Attn.: Trust Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 94984
Cleveland, Ohio 44101
|
22.65
18.48
6.42
7.53
9.53
6.22
|
Institutional International Bond
|
Ladybird & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Income Fund
Ladybug & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Balanced Fund
Lakeside & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Growth Fund
Peacemaker & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio
|
31.19(e)
44.59(e)
18.37
5.84
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Immaculate Heart Missions, Inc.
Casa Generalizia
Via S.Giovanni Eudes 95
Roma Italy 00163
The Jewish Foundation of Cincinnati
8044 Montgomery Road, Suite 700
Cincinnati, Ohio 45236
SEI Private Trust Co.
c/o Harris BankAttn.: Mutual Funds
TRP Finance, Inc.
|
10.63
27.43(a)
23.19
29.87(a)5.96
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
SEI Private Trust Co.
c/o Suntrust Bank
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
Washington Savannah River Co. LLC
105 Rosemont Avenue
Westwood, Massachusetts 02090
|
12.60
22.00
11.64
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Dewey Ballantine LLP
Fidelity Management TR
FBO Retirement Savings Plan for Pilots of US Airways Inc.
82 Devonshire Street Z1M
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
IAATCO
1705 North Towanda Avenue
P.O. Box 2020
Bloomington, Illinois 61702
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
4 Manhattanville Road
Purchase, New York 10577
|
27.51(a)
8.01
5.38
11.88
19.27
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
Bank of New York TR
FBO Arch. Coal Pension Plan
Attn.: Tom Campbell
1 Wall Street, 12th Floor
New York, New York 10286
Mac & Co.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
SEI Private Trust Co.
c/o M&T Bank
Stichting Pensioenfonds
P.O. Box 1982
3000 B Z Rotterdam
Netherlands
U.S. Bank
FBO Land O` Lakes Retirement Trust
Attn.: Mutual Funds Department
|
5.70
5.08
7.89
6.23
5.93
5.61
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Pinnacol Assurance
7501 East Lowry Boulevard
Denver, Colorado 80230
Sigler & Co.
Smithsonian Institution
Attn.: Tony Moceri
3 Chase Metrotech Center, 5th Floor
Brooklyn, New York 11245
Trust & Custody Services Bank LTD
Tower Z Harumi Triton Square 8-12
Harumi 1-Chome Chuo-Ku
Tokyo, Japan 104-6228
Wells Fargo Bank NA
FBO Worldspan LP
P.O. Box 1533
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55480
|
18.29
5.82
8.43
13.35
5.33
|
International Bond
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
15.99
9.62
30.51(d)
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
17.01
7.05
|
International Discovery
|
Fidelity Investments
Institutional Operations Company
FIIOC as Agent for Ford SSIP
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Attn.: Asset Reconciliation
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company
T. Rowe Price Retail Class Funds
Attn.: Outside Funds
P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482
|
10.56
5.22
6.12
9.23
|
International Equity Index
|
Retirement Strategy Trust—Balanced
c/o Janet L. Knox
100 East Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
Retirement Strategy Trust—Conservative Growth
c/o Janet L. Knox
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Plan
New Business-Conv. Assets
|
6.45
6.00
15.89
|
International Growth & Income
|
Pirateline & Co.
Retirement Portfolio 2010
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Retirement Portfolio 2025
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Retirement Portfolio 2030
|
12.51
5.56
10.57
5.22
8.40
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
U.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
|
9.99
78.66(a)
|
International Growth & Income Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
American Unit Investment Trust
American United Life
Separate Account II
|
26.50(a)
38.25(a)
|
International Stock
|
Pirateline & Co.
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
5.27
12.29
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
U.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
|
33.32(a)
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
American Unit Trust
American United Life
Separate Account II
|
7.87
53.70(a)
|
Japan
|
Bobstay & Co.
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Knotfloat & Co.
P.O. Box 5496
Boston, Massachusetts 02206
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
8.51
6.28
5.73
5.56
|
Latin America
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
8.05
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
6.21
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
19.19
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Media & Telecommunications Fund
|
6.98
6.48
6.85
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: Asset Reconciliations
|
6.34
18.39
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
Mitra & Company11270 West Park Place STE 400-PPW-08-WMAttn.: Mutual FundsMilwaukee, WI 53224National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
U.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company
T. Rowe Price Advisor Class Funds
Attn.: Outside Funds
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482
Wells Fargo Bank NA
FBO RPS T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth
|
5.3313.99
8.49
8.25
5.79
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
Separate Account II
ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company
151 Farmington Avenue
Hartford, Connecticut 06156
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement MGR
|
5.57
19.38
15.46
6.79
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
New Business Group
|
5.34
7.53
7.97
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
Mitra & Company
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Union Central Life Insurance Company
1876 Waycross Road, #3
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
U.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
Whitelaw & Company
National City Bank TTEE Trust Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 94984
Cleveland, OH 44101
|
6.03
5.24
16.35
6.06
8.36
5.18
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
American United Life
Separate Account II
ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
FBO ADP Mid Market Product
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
State Street Bank & TR
FBO ADP Daily Valuation B
|
6.74
7.69
6.77
13.40
26.04(a)
|
New America Growth
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
Wilmington Trust Co.
FBO Continental Airlines Inc. DCP Plan
c/o Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 8971
Wilmington, Delaware 19899
|
19.96
7.87
|
New America Growth—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Our
Customers
|
99.51(a)
|
New Asia
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
6.56
|
New Era
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Our
Customers
|
9.42
7.13
|
New Horizons
|
Pirateline & Co.
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
6.15
24.51
|
New Income
|
Retirement Portfolio 2010
Retirement Portfolio 2015
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
15.13
9.03
13.92
15.77
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
25.76(a)
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
Mitra & Company
Nationwide Trust Company FSB
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement NIR
|
18.46
12.50
52.25(b)
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
PFPC Inc. as Agent for PFPC Trust
FBO JJB Hilliard WL Lyons Inc.
760 Moore Road
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
|
13.87
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
Coleman M. Brandt
Grace L. Brandt JT TEN
New York, New York
|
6.12
|
Overseas Stock
|
Retirement Portfolio 2010
Retirement Portfolio 2015
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Retirement Portfolio 2025
Retirement Portfolio 2030
Retirement Portfolio 2035
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Retirement Portfolio 2040
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
|
11.48
9.88
21.10
10.20
16.27
5.63
8.99
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Balanced
Attn.: Asset Reconciliation
|
37.81(c)
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: Growth Asset
|
29.53(c)
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Income
Attn.: Asset Reconciliation
|
28.14(c)
|
Prime Reserve
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
11.13
|
Real Estate
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omniplan Account
New Business Group Conv. Asset
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
5.65
12.59
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Union Bank TR Nominee
FBO Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi
P.O. Box 85484
San Diego, California 92186
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
57.46(a)
5.64
7.51
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
Oceanoar & Company
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Small Cap Value Fund
Seamile & Co.c/o T. Rowe Price AssociatesAttn.: Capital Appreciation FundTaskforce & Co.c/o T. Rowe Price AssociatesAttn.: Equity Income FundThe GCG TrustFully Managed SeriesBank of New YorkOne Wall Street, 25th FloorNew York, NY 10286Tuna & Co.
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: New Income Fund
|
5.02
18.0510.155.727.14
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement 2010
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement 2010
|
48.24(b)
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
AIG Federal Savings Bank TR
FBO Memorial Health System 401(k) Plan
2929 Allen Parkway
Houston, Texas 77019
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
Saxon and Co.
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
Olin Corporation Contribution
Employee Ownership Plan
1 Heritage Drive
Quincy, Massachusetts 02171
Union Central Life Insurance Co.
|
7.66
8.65
5.35
10.24
9.02
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
American Red Cross Savings Plan
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
105 Rosemont Road
Westwood, Massachusetts 02090
Saxon and Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
26.59(a)
13.40
7.08
|
Retirement 2015
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
6.28
51.48(b)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Mercer Trust Company
G. W. Lisk Company Inc. Employees`Savings & Investment PlanT. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
67.06(a)30.98(e)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
97.54(e)
|
Retirement 2020
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement 2020
|
6.75
52.65(b)
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
AIG Federal Savings Bank TR
FBO Memorial Health System 401(k) Plan
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
Saxon and Co.
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
Olin Corp Contribution
Employee Ownership Plan
Union Central Life Insurance Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
5.66
11.00
5.33
6.86
9.92
5.88
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
American Red Cross Savings Plan
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
FBO ADP Mid Market Product
Saxon and Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
7.46
6.23
16.26
6.69
|
Retirement 2025
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
7.52
56.78(b)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Mercer Trust Company
G. W. Lisk Company Inc. Employees`Savings & Investment Plan
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
69.60(a)30.40(e)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement 2030
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement 2030
|
5.72
55.90(b)
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
AIG Federal Savings Bank TR
FBO Memorial Health System 401(k) Plan
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
Saxon and Co.
Union Central Life Insurance Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
6.86
8.82
6.13
12.41
8.38
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
American Red Cross Savings Plan
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
FBO ADP Mid Market Product
Saxon and Co.
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
FBO ADP Daily Valuation B
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
8.53
5.29
14.01
5.20
6.51
|
Retirement 2035
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
60.83(b)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Mercer Trust Company
G. W. Lisk Company Inc. Employees`Savings & Investment Plan
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
37.86(a)62.14(e)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement 2040
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement 2040
|
6.25
58.10(b)
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
Saxon and Co.
Union Central Life Insurance Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
14.99
6.21
10.83
6.84
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
FBO ADP Mid Market Product
Saxon and Co.
State Street Bank & TR
FBO ADP Daily Valuation B
Suntrust Bank TR
FBO Florida Rock Industries, Inc.
PS & Deferred Earnings Plan
c/o FASCORP
8515 East Orchard Road
Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
5.62
12.01
7.75
9.61
9.35
|
Retirement 2045
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
9.47
58.80(b)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
|
Mercer Trust Company
G. W. Lisk Company Inc. Employees`Savings & Investment Plan
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
27.98(a)70.97(e)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement 2050
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
47.22(b)
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
The Ethan Allen Retirement Savings Plan
Saxon and Co.
Suntrust Bank TR
FBO Empire Distributors, Inc.
|
49.51(a)
14.64
24.44
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
Saxon and Co.
Suntrust Bank TR
FBO O`Reilly Automotive, Inc.
Profit Sharing and Savings Plan
|
76.86(a)
6.83
|
Retirement 2055
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account Retirement
|
8.59
41.29(b)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
99.99(e)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
100.00(e)
|
Retirement Income
|
Mac & Co.
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Account
Retirement Income
|
8.59
30.59(b)
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
AIG Federal Savings Bank TR
FBO Memorial Health System 401(k) Plan
Investors Bank & Trust
FBO Various Retirement Plans
State Street Bank & Trust Co.
Union Bank TR Nominee
FBO Select Benefit Omnibus
|
10.08
23.78
14.45
6.07
|
Retirement Income Fund—R Class
|
Citistreet Retirement Services
Trusteed by State Street Bank & Trust
1 Heritage Drive
Quincy, Massachusetts 02171
J.P. Morgan Chase TR
FBO ADP Mid Market Product
Mac & Co.
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
17.30
6.01
13.76
15.92
|
Science & Technology
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
19.21
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
|
91.81(a)
|
Short-Term Bond
|
Maryland College Investment Plan
Portfolio for College
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
5.22
24.06
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
Pershing LLC
P.O. Box 2052
Jersey City, New Jersey 07303
Trustlynx & Co.
P.O. Box 173736
Denver, Colorado 80217
Trust Company of America
P.O. Box 6503
Englewood, Colorado 80155
Wachovia Bank
FBO Various Retirement Plans
|
5.416.11
27.23(a)
53.20(a)
|
Short-Term Income
|
Short-Term Income Fund
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Fund Accounting Department
T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.
FBO Alaska College Savings Trust
Portfolio College
Attn.: Kim Vanscoy, Fixed Income
|
84.84(e)
7.72
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
Norwest Bank Company NA TR
FBO State of Minnesota Deferred Compensation Plan
Minnesota State Deferred Compensation Plan Trust
c/o Great West Life Recordkeeper
8515 East Orchard Road
Attn.: 2T2
Englewood, Colorado 80111
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
T. Rowe Price OTC Fund
Attn.: RPS Control Department
|
5.77
14.85
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
ICMA Retirement Trust
777 North Capitol Street NE, Suite 600
Washington, DC 20002
Minnesota Life
401 Robert Street North
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101
Northern Trust Company TR Home Depot
Future Builder 401(k) Plan
P.O. Box 92994
Chicago, Illinois 60675
Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company
|
12.85
17.44
23.44
13.89
|
Small-Cap Value
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
28.48(c)
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
ICMA Retirement Trust
John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. for the Sole
Benefit of Its Customers
4800 Deer Lake Drive East
Jacksonville, Florida 32246
U.S. Bank
FBO Private Asset Department
OA Platform
|
27.82(a)
26.74(a)
14.81
7.07
|
Spectrum Growth
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
15.12
|
Spectrum Income
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
24.20
|
Spectrum International
|
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omniplan Account
New Business Group
|
5.86
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
T. Rowe Price AssociatesAttn.: Financial Reporting DepartmentT. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: Asset Reconciliations
|
5.8610.58
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
Saxon and Co.
|
43.72(a)
11.23
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.Prudential Investment Management Services
FBO Mutual Funds Clients
Attn.: Pruchoice Unit
|
5.3315.95
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
14.74
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
Julian J. Ewell & Dale Walker & Stephen L. Moses Trusts
Beverly Ewell Trust
Albuquerque, New Mexico
|
5.45
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
Pershing Division of DLJ Secs. Corp. for Exclusive Benefit
of TRP Money Fund Customer Accounts
1 Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, New Jersey 07399
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
T. Rowe Price International, Inc.
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
5.59
13.18
5.67
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
5.52
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
98.38(a)
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
T. Rowe Price Associates
Attn.: Financial Reporting Department
|
10.79
9.61
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
Alaska College Savings Trust
ACT Portfolio
c/o T. Rowe Price Associates
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
Omnibus Plan
New Business-Conv. Assets
|
10.77
16.11
19.22
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
14.71
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
Yachtcrew & Co.
|
6.56
64.56(d)
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
15.04
|
Value
|
Pirateline & Co.
Retirement Portfolio 2020
Retirement Portfolio 2025
Retirement Portfolio 2030
Retirement Portfolio 2040
T. Rowe Price Trust Company
Attn.: Installation Team for TRPS Institutional Control Department
|
7.47
12.71
7.03
12.10
6.70
9.17
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
Cititgroup Global Markets, Inc.
333 West 34th Street, 3rd Floor
New York, New York 10001
Minnesota Life
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our Customers
|
5.49
7.4271.97(a)
|
Virginia Tax Free Bond
|
National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of
Our CustomersCharles Schwab & Co., Inc.
|
6.085.10
|
PAGE 113
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PAGE 135
(a)At the level of ownership indicated, the shareholder would be able to determine the outcome of most issues that are submitted to shareholders for vote.
(b)T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services is not the beneficial owner of these shares. Such shares are held of record by T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services and are normally voted by various retirement plans and retirement plan participants.
PAGE 137
(c)T. Rowe Price Trust Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. T. Rowe Price Trust Company is not the beneficial owner of these shares. Such shares are held of record by T. Rowe Price Trust Company and are normally voted by various retirement plans and retirement plan participants.
(d)Yachtcrew & Co. owns the indicated percentage of the outstanding shares of the fund through the Spectrum Funds. Shares of the fund held by the Spectrum Funds are "echo-voted" by Spectrum Funds in the same proportion as the shares of the fund are voted by its non-Spectrum Fund shareholders.
(e)T. Rowe Price Associates is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. Securities owned by T. Rowe Price Associates are the result of its contributions to the fund at the fund`s inception in order to provide the fund with sufficient capital to invest in accordance with its investment program. At the level of ownership indicated, T. Rowe Price Associates would be able to determine the outcome of most issues that were submitted to shareholders for vote.
(f)T. Rowe Price Finance, a Delaware corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. and T. Rowe Group, Inc. are Maryland corporations. Securities owned by T. Rowe Price Finance are the result of its contributions to the fund at the fund`s inception in order to provide the fund with sufficient capital to invest in accordance with its investment program. At the level of ownership indicated, T. Rowe Price Finance would be able to determine the outcome of most issues that were submitted to shareholders for vote.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS
T. Rowe Price International, Inc. is the investment manager for all international and foreign funds and has executed an Investment Management Agreement with each such fund. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. is the investment manager for all other funds and has executed an Investment Management Agreement with each such fund. T. Rowe Price Associates and T. Rowe Price International are hereinafter referred to as "Investment Managers." T. Rowe Price Associates is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. T. Rowe Price International is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Finance, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates.
Services
Under the Investment Management Agreements (except with respect to the Japan Fund and the Japanese investments of the International Discovery Fund), the Investment Managers provide the funds with discretionary investment services. Specifically, the Investment Managers are responsible for supervising and directing the investments of the funds in accordance with the funds` investment objectives, programs, and restrictions as provided in the funds` prospectuses and this SAI. The Investment Managers are also responsible for effecting all security transactions on behalf of the funds, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage. For the Japan Fund and the Japanese investments of the International Discovery Fund, T. Rowe Price International has entered into a subadvisory agreement with T. Rowe Price Global Investment Services Limited ("Global Investment Services") under which, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price International, Global Investment Services provides the same services described above that T. Rowe Price International provides for the other funds.
In addition to the services described above, the Investment Managers provide the funds with certain corporate administrative services, including: maintaining the funds` corporate existence and corporate records; registering and qualifying fund shares under federal laws; monitoring the financial, accounting, and administrative functions of the funds; maintaining liaison with the agents employed by the funds such as the funds` custodian and transfer agent; assisting the funds in the coordination of such agent`s activities; and permitting employees of the Investment Managers to serve as officers, directors, and committee members of the funds without cost to the funds.
The Investment Management Agreements also provide that the Investment Managers, their directors, officers, employees, and certain other persons performing specific functions for the funds will be liable to the funds only for losses resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duty. The subadvisory agreements with respect to the Japan and International Discovery Funds have a similar provision limiting the liability of Global Investment Services for errors, mistakes, and losses other than those caused by its willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence.
Under the Investment Management Agreements, the Investment Managers are permitted to utilize the services or facilities of others to provide them or the funds with statistical and other factual information, advice regarding
economic factors and trends, advice as to occasional transactions in specific securities, and such other information, advice, or assistance as the Investment Managers may deem necessary, appropriate, or convenient for the discharge of their obligations under the Investment Management Agreements or otherwise helpful to the funds. The subadvisory agreement with respect to the Japan and International Discovery Funds has a similar provision permitting Global Investment Services to utilize, at its own cost, the services or facilities of others.
All funds except Index, Institutional, TRP Reserve Investment, Retirement, Spectrum, Summit Income, and Summit Municipal Funds
Management Fees
The funds pay the Investment Managers a fee ("Fee") which consists of two components: a Group Management Fee ("Group Fee") and an Individual Fund Fee ("Fund Fee"). The Fee is paid monthly to the Investment Managers on the first business day of the next succeeding calendar month and is calculated as described next.
The monthly Group Fee ("Monthly Group Fee") is the sum of the daily Group Fee accruals ("Daily Group Fee Accruals") for each month. The Daily Group Fee Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the Price Funds` group fee accrual as determined below ("Daily Price Funds` Group Fee Accrual") by the ratio of the Price Funds` net assets for that day to the sum of the aggregate net assets of the Price Funds for that day. The Daily Price Funds` Group Fee Accrual for any particular day is calculated by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the annualized Daily Price Funds` Group Fee Accrual for that day as determined in accordance with the following schedule:
|
0.480%
|
First $1 billion
|
0.360%
|
Next $2 billion
|
0.310%
|
Next $16 billion
|
|
0.450%
|
Next $1 billion
|
0.350%
|
Next $2 billion
|
0.305%
|
Next $30 billion
|
|
0.420%
|
Next $1 billion
|
0.340%
|
Next $5 billion
|
0.300%
|
Next $40 billion
|
|
0.390%
|
Next $1 billion
|
0.330%
|
Next $10 billion
|
0.295%
|
Next $40 billion
|
|
0.370%
|
Next $1 billion
|
0.320%
|
Next $10 billion
|
0.290%
|
Next $60 billion
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.285%
|
Thereafter
|
For the purpose of calculating the Group Fee, the Price Funds include all the mutual funds distributed by Investment Services (excluding the Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, and any Index or private label mutual funds). For the purpose of calculating the Daily Price Funds` Group Fee Accrual for any particular day, the net assets of each Price Fund are determined in accordance with each fund`s prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business.
The monthly Fund Fee ("Monthly Fund Fee") is the sum of the daily Fund Fee accruals ("Daily Fund Fee Accruals") for each month. The Daily Fund Fee Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the individual Fund Fee Rate. The product of this calculation is multiplied by the net assets of the fund for that day, as determined in accordance with the fund`s prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business. The individual fund fees are listed in the following table:
Fund
|
Fee %
|
Africa & Middle East
|
0.75
|
Balanced
|
0.15
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
0.30(a)
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
0.10
|
Capital Appreciation
|
0.30
|
Capital Opportunity
|
0.20
|
Corporate Income
|
0.15
|
Developing Technologies
|
0.60
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
0.35
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
0.35
|
Dividend Growth
|
0.20
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
0.75
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
0.45
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
0.75
|
Equity Income
|
0.25(b)
|
European Stock
|
0.50
|
Financial Services
|
0.35
|
GNMA
|
0.15
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
Global Stock
|
0.35
|
Global Technology
|
0.45
|
Growth & Income
|
0.25
|
Growth Stock
|
0.25(b)
|
Health Sciences
|
0.35
|
High Yield
|
0.30
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
0.05
|
International Bond
|
0.35
|
International Discovery
|
0.75
|
International Growth & Income
|
0.35
|
International Stock
|
0.35
|
Japan
|
0.50
|
Latin America
|
0.75
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
0.10
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
0.35
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
0.35(c)
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
0.35
|
New America Growth
|
0.35
|
New Asia
|
0.50
|
New Era
|
0.25
|
New Horizons
|
0.35
|
New Income
|
0.15
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
0.10
|
Overseas Stock
|
0.35
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
0.25
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
0.30
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
0.15
|
Prime Reserve
|
0.05
|
Real Estate
|
0.30
|
Science & Technology
|
0.35
|
Short-Term Bond
|
0.10
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
0.45
|
Small-Cap Value
|
0.35
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
0.20
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
0.30
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
0.35
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
0.10
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
0.30
|
Tax-Free Income
|
0.15
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
0.10
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
0.00
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
0.00
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
0.00
|
Value
|
0.35
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
0.10
|
PAGE 139
(a)On assets up to $15 billion and 0.255% on assets above $15 billion.
(b)On assets up to $15 billion and 0.21% on assets above $15 billion.
(c)On assets up to $15 billion and 0.30% on assets above $15 billion.
Index, Institutional, Summit Income, and Summit Municipal Funds
The following funds pay the Investment Managers an annual investment management fee in monthly installments of the amount listed below based on the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Fund
|
Fee %
|
Equity Index 500
|
0.15
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
0.70
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
0.65
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
0.55
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
0.55
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
0.55
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
0.55
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
0.60
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
0.65
|
The following funds ("Single Fee Funds") pay the Investment Managers a single annual investment management fee in monthly installments of the amount listed below based on the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Fund
|
Fee %
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
0.40
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
0.45
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
0.70
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
1.10
|
Institutional High Yield
|
0.50
|
Institutional International Bond
|
0.55
|
International Equity Index
|
0.50
|
Short-Term Income
|
0.50
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
0.45
|
Summit GNMA
|
0.60
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
0.45
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
0.50
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
0.50
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
0.40
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
0.30
|
PAGE 141
The Investment Management Agreement between each Single Fee Fund and the Investment Managers provides that the Investment Managers will pay all expenses of each fund`s operations, except interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, and other charges incident to the purchase, sale, or lending of the fund`s portfolio securities, and such non-recurring or extraordinary expenses that may arise, including the costs of actions, suits, or proceedings to which the fund is a party and the expenses the fund may incur as a result of its obligation to provide indemnification to its officers, directors, and agents. However, the Boards for the funds reserve the right to impose additional fees against shareholder accounts to defray expenses which would otherwise be paid by the Investment Managers under the Investment Management Agreement. The Boards do not anticipate levying such charges; such a fee, if charged, may be retained by the funds or paid to the Investment Managers.
The Fee is paid monthly to the Investment Managers on the first business day of the next succeeding calendar month and is the sum of the Daily Fee accruals for each month. The Daily Fee accrual for any particular day is calculated by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the appropriate Fee. The product of this calculation is multiplied by the net assets of the fund for that day, as determined in accordance with each fund`s prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business.
TRP Government Reserve Investment, TRP Reserve Investment, Retirement, and Spectrum Funds
None of these funds pays T. Rowe Price an investment management fee.
Japan Fund
Under a subadvisory agreement between T. Rowe Price International and Global Investment Services approved by the directors of the Japan Fund, Global Investment Services, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price International, will manage all the investments of the Japan Fund. For its services, Global Investment Services will receive 60% of the investment management fee received by T. Rowe Price International from the Japan Fund.
International Discovery Fund
Under a subadvisory agreement between T. Rowe Price International and Global Investment Services approved by the directors of the International Discovery Fund, Global Investment Services, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price International, will manage the yen-denominated investments of the International Discovery Fund. For its services, Global Investment Services will receive 50% of the investment management fee received by T. Rowe Price International from the International Discovery Fund attributable to the yen-denominated investments of the International Discovery Fund.
Management Fee Compensation
The following table sets forth the total management fees, if any, paid to the Investment Managers by each fund, during the fiscal years indicated:
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
2/28/07
|
2/28/06
|
2/28/05
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
$1,215,000
|
$1,145,000
|
$1,082,000
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
457,000
|
436,000
|
406,000
|
Florida Intermediate Tax-Free*
|
0
|
401,000
|
403,000
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
471,000
|
421,000
|
380,000
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
639,000
|
763,000
|
957,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
5,681,000
|
5,478,000
|
5,270,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
744,000
|
547,000
|
485,000
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
786,000
|
709,000
|
653,000
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
1,063,000
|
1,014,000
|
984,000
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
495,000
|
486,000
|
461,000
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
200,000
|
214,000
|
233,000
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
387,000
|
435,000
|
469,000
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
234,000
|
217,000
|
188,000
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
3,817,000
|
4,261,000
|
2,957,000
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
9,183,000
|
8,186,000
|
7,245,000
|
Tax-Free Income(a)
|
8,228,000
|
8,083,000
|
7,926,000
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
0
|
668,000
|
626,000
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
2,010,000
|
2,202,000
|
2,411,000
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
2,056,000
|
1,899,000
|
1,747,000
|
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
(a)The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
5/31/07
|
5/31/06
|
5/31/05
|
Corporate Income
|
$945,000
|
$1,008,000
|
$872,000
|
GNMA
|
5,703,000
|
6,014,000
|
6,250,000
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
High Yield(b)
|
29,564,000
|
25,189,000
|
25,086,000
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
371,000
|
381,000
|
268,000
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
183,000
|
132,000
|
33,000
|
Institutional High Yield
|
1,865,000
|
1,941,000
|
3,135,000
|
New Income(d)
|
20,717,000
|
16,131,000
|
13,093,000
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
7,611,000
|
6,785,000
|
5,564,000
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
6,431,000
|
5,546,000
|
4,033,000
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
2,698,000
|
2,218,000
|
1,717,000
|
Prime Reserve
|
19,238,000
|
17,663,000
|
17,917,000
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2005
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2010
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2015
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2020
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2025
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2030
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2035
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2040
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2045
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050
|
(a)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2055
|
(a)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement Income
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Short-Term Bond(b)
|
5,934,000
|
5,290,000
|
6,202,000
|
Short-Term Income
|
2,349,000
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
727,000
|
927,000
|
1,062,000
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
905,000
|
816,000
|
855,000
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
2,897,000
|
2,730,000
|
2,927,000
|
PAGE 143
(a)The fund does not pay an investment management fee.
(b)The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(c)Prior to commencement of operations.
(d)The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
10/31/06
|
10/31/05
|
10/31/04
|
Africa & Middle East
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
$13,763,000
|
$4,431,000
|
$888,000
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
20,603,000
|
9,850,000
|
5,239,000
|
European Stock
|
6,952,000
|
6,666,000
|
6,802,000
|
Global Stock(b)
|
1,778,000
|
617,000
|
523,000
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity(c)
|
1,818,000
|
857,000
|
277,000
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
1,633,000
|
3,507,000
|
6,645,000
|
International Discovery
|
19,009,000
|
11,725,000
|
8,325,000
|
International Equity Index(c)
|
967,000
|
455,000
|
171,000
|
International Growth & Income(d)
|
10,907,000
|
5,281,000
|
1,823,000
|
International Stock(d)
|
39,845,000
|
33,990,000
|
33,994,000
|
Japan
|
4,587,000
|
1,711,000
|
1,543,000
|
Latin America
|
16,235,000
|
4,911,000
|
2,186,000
|
New Asia
|
13,131,000
|
9,017,000
|
7,214,000
|
Overseas Stock
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Summit Cash Reserves(c)
|
20,157,000
|
15,826,000
|
13,432,000
|
Summit GNMA(c)
|
453,000
|
487,000
|
512,000
|
Summit Municipal Income(c)
|
1,165,000
|
605,000
|
475,000
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate(c)
|
1,212,000
|
966,000
|
730,000
|
Summit Municipal Money Market(c)
|
1,520,000
|
2,621,000
|
1,975,000
|
U.S. Bond Index(c)
|
510,000
|
455,000
|
311,000
|
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(c)The fee includes investment management fees and administrative expenses.
(d)The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
12/31/05
|
12/31/04
|
Balanced
|
$12,298,000
|
$11,137,000
|
$10,021,000
|
Blue Chip Growth(a)
|
54,951,000
|
52,428,000
|
46,135,000
|
Capital Appreciation(b)
|
50,070,000
|
38,637,000
|
23,028,000
|
Capital Opportunity(a)
|
983,000
|
596,000
|
492,000
|
Developing Technologies
|
417,000
|
376,000
|
424,000
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
545,000
|
327,000
|
199,000
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
608,000
|
537,000
|
517,000
|
Dividend Growth
|
4,071,000
|
3,900,000
|
3,632,000
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
4,221,000
|
2,772,000
|
1,893,000
|
Equity Income(a)
|
117,294,000
|
108,721,000
|
87,399,000
|
Equity Index 500
|
9,845,000
|
7,880,000
|
6,404,000
|
Extended Equity Market Index(d)
|
1,226,000
|
856,000
|
546,000
|
Financial Services
|
2,693,000
|
2,554,000
|
2,528,000
|
Global Technology
|
992,000
|
793,000
|
652,000
|
Growth & Income
|
9,117,000
|
9,955,000
|
10,824,000
|
Growth Stock(a)
|
85,341,000
|
59,274,000
|
38,666,000
|
Health Sciences
|
10,661,000
|
8,634,000
|
8,045,000
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
0
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
6,000
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Institutional International Bond
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
206,000
|
178,000
|
163,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
2,086,000
|
581,000
|
196,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
1,091,000
|
592,000
|
294,000
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
2,708,000
|
2,518,000
|
2,231,000
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
2,971,000
|
2,822,000
|
2,873,000
|
International Bond(b)
|
12,552,000
|
11,938,000
|
9,624,000
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
7,935,000
|
5,959,000
|
4,949,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth(a)
|
104,459,000
|
91,962,000
|
75,642,000
|
Mid-Cap Value(a)
|
43,317,000
|
37,633,000
|
22,005,000
|
New America Growth
|
5,413,000
|
5,812,000
|
6,039,000
|
New Era
|
24,158,000
|
16,831,000
|
9,378,000
|
New Horizons
|
45,283,000
|
39,472,000
|
34,850,000
|
Real Estate(b)
|
9,483,000
|
4,773,000
|
2,546,000
|
Science & Technology(b)
|
22,379,000
|
26,486,000
|
30,509,000
|
Small-Cap Stock(b)
|
58,392,000
|
52,878,000
|
44,236,000
|
Small-Cap Value(b)
|
38,934,000
|
34,086,000
|
27,661,000
|
Spectrum Growth
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
Spectrum Income
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
Spectrum International
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
(e)
|
Total Equity Market Index(d)
|
1,672,000
|
1,448,000
|
1,276,000
|
Value(b)
|
32,436,000
|
19,701,000
|
12,876,000
|
(a)The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(b)The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(c)Prior to commencement of operations.
(d)The fee includes investment management fees and administrative expenses.
(e)The fund does not pay an investment management fee.
Expense Limitations and Reimbursements
The following chart sets forth contractual expense ratio limitations and the periods for which they are effective. For each fund, the Investment Managers have agreed to bear any fund expenses (other than interest, taxes, brokerage, and other expenditures that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and extraordinary expenses) which would cause the funds` ratio of expenses to average net assets to exceed the indicated percentage limitation. The expenses borne by the Investment Managers are subject to
PAGE 145
reimbursement by the funds through the indicated reimbursement date, provided no reimbursement will be made if it would result in the funds` expense ratios exceeding their applicable limitations.
Fund
|
Limitation Period
|
Expense
Ratio
Limitation %
|
Reimbursement
Date
|
Africa & Middle East
|
September 4, 2007 — February 28, 2010
|
1.75
|
(a)
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.05
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.35
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
California Tax-Free Money(c)
|
July 1, 2007 — June 30, 2009
|
0.55
|
(a)
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2005 — April 30, 2007
|
1.10
|
(a)
|
Capital Opportunity(d)
|
October 1, 2005 — April 30, 2008
|
0.95
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class(e)
|
October 1, 2005 — April 30, 2008
|
1.10
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class(f)
|
October 1, 2005 — April 30, 2008
|
1.35
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Developing Technologies(g)
|
May 1, 2007 — April 30, 2009
|
1.50
|
April 30, 2011(b)
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth(h)
|
May 1, 2006 — April 30, 2008
|
1.25
|
(a)
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth(i)
|
May 1, 2006 — April 30, 2008
|
1.25
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
December 30, 2005 — April 30, 2008
|
1.05
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
March 1, 2005 — February 28, 2007
|
1.75
|
February 28, 2009(b)
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.00
|
(a)
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.30
|
(a)
|
Equity Index 500(j)
|
May 1, 2006 — April 30, 2008
|
0.35
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
Global Stock(k)
|
October 1, 2005 — February 29, 2008
|
1.00
|
February 28, 2010(b)
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
April 28, 2006 — February 29, 2008
|
1.15
|
February 28, 2010(b)
|
Global Technology
|
May 1, 2005 — April 30, 2007
|
1.50
|
April 30, 2009(b)
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.10
|
(a)
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.35
|
(a)
|
Inflation Protected Bond(l)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
0.50
|
September 30, 2010(b)
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
September 30, 2006 — April 30, 2009
|
0.65
|
(a)
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
June 30, 2006 — February 28, 2009
|
0.75
|
(a)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth(m)
|
May 1, 2007 — April 30, 2009
|
0.65
|
April 30, 2011(b)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth(n)
|
May 1, 2007 — April 30, 2009
|
0.58
|
April 30, 2011(b)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value(o)
|
May 1, 2006 — April 30, 2008
|
0.65
|
April 30, 2010(b)
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.15
|
(a)
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class(p)
|
March 1, 2006 — February 29, 2008
|
1.15
|
February 28, 2010(b)
|
International Growth & Income Fund—
R Class(q)
|
March 1, 2006 — February 29, 2008
|
1.40
|
February 28, 2010(b)
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class(r)
|
March 1, 2006 — February 29, 2008
|
1.15
|
(a)
|
International Stock Fund—R Class(s)
|
March 1, 2006 — February 29, 2008
|
1.40
|
(a)
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
July 1, 2005 — June 30, 2007
|
0.55
|
June 30, 2009(b)
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.10
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.40
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.10
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
May 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.40
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
December 30, 2005 — April 30, 2008
|
1.10
|
(a)
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class(t)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
0.90
|
(a)
|
New Income Fund—R Class(u)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
1.15
|
(a)
|
New York Tax-Free Money(v)
|
July 1, 2007 — June 30, 2009
|
0.55
|
(a)
|
Overseas Stock
|
December 29, 2006 — February 28, 2009
|
1.15
|
(a)
|
Personal Strategy Balanced(w)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
0.90
|
September 30, 2010(b)
|
Personal Strategy Growth(x)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
1.00
|
September 30, 2010(b)
|
Personal Strategy Income(y)
|
October 1, 2006 — September 30, 2008
|
0.80
|
September 30, 2010(b)
|
Real Estate
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
0.90
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2005 — April 30, 2007
|
1.20
|
April 30, 2009(b)
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.15
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Short-Term Bond(z)
|
October 1, 2007 — September 30, 2009
|
0.55
|
(a)
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class(aa)
|
October 1, 2007 — September 30, 2009
|
0.85
|
(a)
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.20
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.15
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth(bb)
|
July 1, 2006 — June 30, 2008
|
1.25
|
June 30, 2010(b)
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
January 1, 2004 — April 30, 2006
|
1.10
|
April 30, 2008(b)
|
(a)No reimbursement will be made more than three years after any waiver or payment.
(b)No reimbursement will be made after the reimbursement date or three years after any waiver or payment, whichever is sooner.
(c)The California Tax-Free Money Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired June 30, 2007.
(d)The Capital Opportunity Fund`s expense limitation was lowered from 1.15% to 0.95% effective October 1, 2005.
(e)The Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class`s expense limitation was lowered from 1.25% to 1.10% effective October 1, 2005.
(f)The Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class`s expense limitation was lowered from 1.50% to 1.35% effective October 1, 2005.
(g)The Developing Technologies Fund previously operated under a 1.50% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2007. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2009.
(h)The Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund previously operated under a 1.25% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2006.
(i)The Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund previously operated under a 1.25% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2008.
(j)The Equity Index 500 Fund previously operated under a 0.35% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2008.
(k)The Global Stock Fund`s expense limitation was lowered from 1.20% to 1.00% effective October 1, 2005.
(l)The Inflation Protected Bond Fund previously operated under a 0.50% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2008.
(m)The Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund previously operated under a 0.65% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2007. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2009.
(n)The Institutional Large-Cap Growth Fund previously operated under a 0.58% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2007. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2009.
(o)The Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund previously operated under a 0.65% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2008.
(p)The International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through February 29, 2008.
(q)The International Growth & Income Fund—R Class previously operated under a 1.40% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through February 29, 2008.
(r)The International Stock Fund—Advisor Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through February 29, 2008.
(s)The International Stock Fund—R Class previously operated under a 1.40% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through February 29, 2008.
(t)The New Income Fund—Advisor Class previously operated under a 0.90% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006.
(u)The New Income Fund—R Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006.
(v)The New York Tax-Free Money Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired June 30, 2007.
(w)The Personal Strategy Balanced Fund previously operated under a 0.90% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2008.
(x)The Personal Strategy Growth Fund previously operated under a 1.00% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2008.
(y)The Personal Strategy Income Fund previously operated under a 0.80% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2008.
PAGE 147
(z)The Short-Term Bond Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2007.
(aa)The Short-Term Bond Fund-Advisor Class previously operated under a 0.85% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2007.
(bb)The Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund previously operated under a 1.25% expense limitation that expired June 30, 2006. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through June 30, 2008.
The Investment Management Agreements between the funds and the Investment Managers provide that each fund will bear all expenses of its operations not specifically assumed by the Investment Managers.
For the purpose of determining whether a fund is entitled to expense limitation, the expenses of a fund are calculated on a monthly basis. If a fund is entitled to expense limitation, that month`s advisory fee will be reduced or postponed, with any adjustment made after the end of the year.
Except for the California and New York Funds, each of the above-referenced funds` Investment Management Agreement also provides that one or more additional expense limitation periods (of the same or different time periods) may be implemented after the expiration of the current expense limitation, and that with respect to any such additional limitation period, the funds may reimburse the Investment Managers, provided the reimbursement does not result in the funds` aggregate expenses exceeding the additional expense limitation. No reimbursement may be made by the California and New York Funds unless approved by shareholders.
California Tax-Free Money Fund At February 28, 2007, management fees in the amount of $58,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $199,000 remain subject to repayment.
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class At December 31, 2006, there were no amounts subject to repayment.
Capital Opportunity Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor and R Classes At December 31, 2006, expenses in the amount of $12,000 were reimbursed by the manager.
Corporate Income Fund At May 31, 2007, there were no amounts subject to repayment by the fund.
Developing Technologies Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $73,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $273,000 remain subject to repayment.
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $55,000 were repaid. Management fees waived in the amount of $140,000 remain subject to repayment.
Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $47,000 were repaid. Management fees waived in the amount of $10,000 remain subject to repayment by the fund.
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class At December 31, 2006, expenses in the amount of $3,000 were reimbursed by the manager and remain subject to repayment.
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean Fund At October 31, 2006, there were no amounts subject to repayment by the fund. For the year ended October 31, 2006, the fund operated below its expense limitation.
Equity Index 500 Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $1,297,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $4,378,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Stock Fund At October 31, 2006, management fees waived in the amount of $139,000 were repaid and expenses in the amount of $18,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $18,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Technology Fund Management fees in the amount of $6,000 were repaid during the year ended December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2006, there were no amounts subject to repayment. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the fund operated below its expense limitation.
Inflation Protected Bond Fund Management fees in the amount of $295,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $4,000 were reimbursed by the manager during the year ended May 31, 2007. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $742,000 remain subject to repayment at May 31, 2007.
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $9,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $19,000 were reimbursed by the manager. These amounts remain subject to repayment at December 31, 2006.
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $120,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $380,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Large-Cap Growth Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $108,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $346,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund At December 31, 2006, management fees in the amount of $5,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $175,000 remain subject to repayment.
International Growth & Income Fund, International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor and R Classes At October 31, 2006, expenses in the amount of $13,000 were repaid to the manager during the year, including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $9,000 remain subject to repayment. For the year ended October 31, 2006, the Advisor Class operated below its expense limitation.
International Stock Fund—Advisor and R Classes At October 31, 2006, expenses in the amount of $4,000 were repaid to the manager during the year, including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $4,000 remain subject to repayment for the R Class. For the year ended October 31, 2006, the Advisor Class operated below its expense limitation.
Maryland Tax-Free Money Fund At February 28, 2007, management fees in the amount of $52,000 were repaid. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $35,000 remain subject to repayment.
New America Growth Fund Expenses in the amount of $3,000 were reimbursed by the manager during the year ended December 31, 2006 and remain subject to repayment at December 31, 2006.
New Income Fund—Advisor and R Classes At May 31, 2007, expenses in the amount of $5,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $25,000 remain subject to repayment at May 31, 2007.
New York Tax-Free Money Fund At February 28, 2007, management fees in the amount of $41,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $139,000 remain subject to repayment.
Personal Strategy Balanced Fund For the year ended May 31, 2007, the fund operated below its expense limitation. At May 31, 2007, there were no amounts subject to repayment.
Personal Strategy Growth Fund For the year ended May 31, 2007, the fund operated below its expense limitation. At May 31, 2007, there were no amounts subject to repayment.
Personal Strategy Income Fund Management fees in the amount of $233,000 were repaid during the year ended May 31, 2007. At May 31, 2007, there were no amounts subject to repayment by the fund.
Real Estate Fund and Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class At December 31, 2006, there were no amounts subject to repayment. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Advisor Class operated below its expense limitation.
Short-Term Bond Fund and Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class Management fees in the amount of $66,000 were repaid and expenses in the amount of $623,000 were reimbursed by the manager during the year ended May 31, 2007. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $3,662,000 remain subject to repayment at May 31, 2007.
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund At February 28, 2007, management fees in the amount of $13,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived previously in the amount of $116,000 remain subject to repayment.
PAGE 149
Management Related Services
In addition to the management fee, the funds (other than the Single-Fee Funds) pay for the following: shareholder service expenses; custodial, accounting, legal, and audit fees; costs of preparing and printing prospectuses and reports sent to shareholders; registration fees and expenses; proxy and annual meeting expenses (if any); and directors` fees and expenses.
T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. ("Services"), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, acts as the funds` transfer and dividend disbursing agent and provides shareholder and administrative services. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. ("RPS"), also a wholly owned subsidiary, provides recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency, and administrative services for certain types of retirement plans investing in the funds. The fees paid by the funds to Services are based on the costs to Services of providing these services plus a return on capital employed in support of the services.
The fees paid to RPS are based on a per plan participant fee. The fees paid to Services and RPS are set forth in each fund`s shareholder report under "Related Party Transactions." The address for Services and RPS is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
T. Rowe Price, under a separate agreement with the funds, provides accounting services to the funds. The funds paid the expenses shown in the following table during the fiscal years indicated to T. Rowe Price for accounting services.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
2/28/07
|
2/28/06
|
2/28/05
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
$69,000
|
$64,000
|
$64,000
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Florida Intermediate Tax-Free*
|
0
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
91,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
91,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
112,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
Tax-Free Income
|
100,000
|
94,000
|
96,000
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
22,000
|
18,000
|
17,000
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
0
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
69,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
5/31/07
|
5/31/06
|
5/31/05
|
Corporate Income
|
124,000
|
$104,000
|
$104,000
|
GNMA
|
124,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
77,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
High Yield
|
126,000
|
105,000
|
109,000
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
33,000
|
28,000
|
24,000
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
100,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
112,000
|
84,000
|
42,000
|
Institutional High Yield
|
148,000
|
124,000
|
124,000
|
New Income
|
171,000
|
145,000
|
144,000
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
148,000
|
125,000
|
125,000
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
148,000
|
125,000
|
125,000
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
148,000
|
124,000
|
124,000
|
Prime Reserve
|
100,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
100,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Retirement 2005
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2010
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2015
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2020
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2025
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2030
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2035
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2040
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2045
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050
|
(c)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(c)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
(c)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2055
|
(c)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement Income
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Short-Term Bond
|
135,000
|
112,000
|
96,000
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Short-Term Income
|
89,000
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
77,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
77,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
77,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
PAGE 151
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)Less than $1,000.
(c)Paid by underlying Price funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
10/31/06
|
10/31/05
|
10/31/04
|
Africa & Middle East
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
$86,000
|
$85,000
|
$84,000
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
88,000
|
86,000
|
85,000
|
European Stock
|
89,000
|
87,000
|
91,000
|
Global Stock
|
89,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
(b)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
108,000
|
105,000
|
107,000
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
28,000
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
International Discovery
|
92,000
|
88,000
|
90,000
|
International Equity Index
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
International Growth & Income
|
84,000
|
90,000
|
94,000
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
20,000
|
14,000
|
6,000
|
International Growth & Income Fund—
R Class
|
1,000
|
(b)
|
2,000
|
International Stock
|
130,000
|
136,000
|
138,000
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,000
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Japan
|
67,000
|
65,000
|
65,000
|
Latin America
|
67,000
|
64,000
|
68,000
|
New Asia
|
86,000
|
87,000
|
88,000
|
Overseas Stock
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Summit GNMA
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
81,000
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
84,000
|
81,000
|
67,000
|
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)Less than $1,000.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
12/31/05
|
12/31/04
|
Balanced
|
$106,000
|
$107,000
|
$107,000
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
75,000
|
71,000
|
73,000
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
7,000
|
11,000
|
9,000
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Capital Appreciation
|
93,000
|
93,000
|
84,000
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
Capital Opportunity
|
102,000
|
102,000
|
84,000
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
Developing Technologies
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Dividend Growth
|
73,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
125,000
|
126,000
|
125,000
|
Equity Income
|
74,000
|
72,000
|
72,000
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
8,000
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Equity Index 500
|
105,000
|
105,000
|
105,000
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
105,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
Financial Services
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Global Technology
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Growth & Income
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Growth Stock
|
88,000
|
92,000
|
98,000
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
11,000
|
8,000
|
3,000
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
3,000
|
2,000
|
(a)
|
Health Sciences
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
16,000
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
10,000
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional International Bond
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
International Bond
|
126,000
|
126,000
|
128,000
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
7,000
|
7,000
|
5,000
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
82,000
|
78,000
|
79,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
3,000
|
3,000
|
2,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
72,000
|
73,000
|
76,000
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
6,000
|
5,000
|
4,000
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
4,000
|
4,000
|
2,000
|
New America Growth
|
73,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
New Era
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
64,000
|
New Horizons
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
84,000
|
Real Estate
|
71,000
|
73,000
|
64,000
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
2,000
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
Science & Technology
|
80,000
|
81,000
|
81,000
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
13,000
|
12,000
|
12,000
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
67,000
|
68,000
|
68,000
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
6,000
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
Small-Cap Value
|
82,000
|
81,000
|
84,000
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
11,000
|
12,000
|
9,000
|
Spectrum Growth
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Spectrum Income
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Spectrum International
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
104,000
|
Value
|
62,000
|
69,000
|
69,000
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
11,000
|
4,000
|
4,000
|
PAGE 153
(a)Less than $1,000.
(b)Prior to commencement of operations.
(c)Paid by underlying Price funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
other shareholder services
The funds have adopted an administrative fee payment ("AFP") program that authorizes the funds to make payments for services provided on behalf of the funds. Payments are made to retirement plans, retirement plan recordkeepers, insurance companies, banks, and broker-dealers for transfer agency, recordkeeping, and other administrative services. These services include, but are not limited to: transmitting net purchase and redemption orders; maintaining separate records for shareholders reflecting purchases, redemptions, and share balances; mailing shareholder confirmations and periodic statements; processing dividend payments; and telephone services in connection with the above. Under the AFP program, the funds paid the amounts set forth below in calendar year 2006.
Fund
|
Payment
|
Africa & Middle East
|
(a)
|
Balanced
|
$365,241
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
1,284,383
|
Capital Appreciation
|
632,163
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
1,106
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
1
|
Capital Opportunity
|
2,630
|
Corporate Income
|
809
|
Developing Technologies
|
57
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
853
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
96
|
Dividend Growth
|
21,285
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
20,610
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
9,659
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
376,264
|
Equity Income
|
2,102,665
|
Equity Index 500
|
11,706
|
European Stock
|
23,310
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
0
|
Financial Services
|
22,972
|
Florida Intermediate Tax-Free*
|
703
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
2,095
|
GNMA
|
12,236
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
0
|
Global Stock
|
4,171
|
Global Technology
|
1,004
|
Growth & Income
|
19,018
|
Growth Stock
|
2,123,409
|
Health Sciences
|
328,318
|
High Yield
|
233,267
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
603
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
0
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
0
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
0
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
0
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
0
|
Institutional High Yield
|
0
|
Institutional International Bond
|
(a)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
0
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
0
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
0
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
0
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
0
|
International Bond
|
331,058
|
International Discovery
|
504,557
|
International Equity Index
|
0
|
International Growth & Income
|
84,080
|
International Stock
|
474,017
|
Japan
|
14,754
|
Latin America
|
201,310
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
1,378
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
25,690
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
0
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
42,044
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
5,363,118
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
1,058,227
|
New America Growth
|
72,441
|
New Asia
|
112,137
|
New Era
|
318,097
|
New Horizons
|
684,164
|
New Income
|
42,578
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
436
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
1,466
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
17
|
Overseas Stock
|
0
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
336,778
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
180,504
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
65,708
|
Prime Reserve
|
28,370
|
Real Estate
|
184,230
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
0
|
Retirement 2005
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2010
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2015
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2020
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2025
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2030
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2035
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2040
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2045
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2050
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2055
|
(b)
|
Retirement Income
|
(b)
|
Science & Technology
|
234,093
|
Short-Term Bond
|
40,146
|
Short-Term Income
|
0
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
3,007,480
|
Small-Cap Value
|
715,618
|
Spectrum Growth
|
(b)
|
Spectrum Income
|
(b)
|
Spectrum International
|
(b)
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
0
|
Summit GNMA
|
0
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
0
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
9,378
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
541
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
141
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
0
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
577
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
273
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
12,262
|
Tax-Free Income
|
12,221
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
14,292
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
11,423
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
0
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
0
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
9,860
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
336
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
20,264
|
Value
|
331,294
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
8,619
|
PAGE 155
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)Paid by underlying Price funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
Each Advisor and R Class has adopted an AFP program under which various third parties, including third parties receiving 12b-1 payments, may receive payments from the class in addition to 12b-1 fees for providing various recordkeeping, transfer agency, and administrative services to the classes and/or shareholders thereof. These services include, but are not limited to: transmitting net purchase and redemption orders; maintaining separate records for shareholders reflecting purchases, redemptions, and share balances; mailing shareholder confirmations and periodic statements; processing dividend payments; and telephone services in connection with the above. Under this AFP program, the funds paid the amounts set forth below in calendar year 2006.
Fund
|
Payment
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
$742,669
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
63,757
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
31,357
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
5
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
0
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
3
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,647,587
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
213,794
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
32
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,402,267
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
499,113
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
919,097
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
35,122
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
326,405
|
International Growth & Income Fund—
R Class
|
24,594
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
18,892
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
1,433
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
475,156
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
166,246
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
397,251
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
329,583
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
429
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
962
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
1,457
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
33,187
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
87,554
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
83,745
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
119,283
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
90,316
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
76,430
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
66,029
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
36,873
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
26,634
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
0
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
0
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
17,491
|
Retirement Income Fund—R Class
|
11,394
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
467,930
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
8,770
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
533,998
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
709,022
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
320,583
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
743,267
|
PAGE 157
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
529 Plans
T. Rowe Price is the investment manager of several college savings plans established by states under section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code. Each plan has a number of portfolios that invest in underlying Price Funds including Blue Chip Growth, Emerging Markets Stock, Equity Income, Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, Financial Services, Health Sciences, International Growth & Income, International Stock, Mid-Cap Growth, Mid-Cap Value, New Horizons, Overseas Stock, Science & Technology, Short-Term Bond, Short-Term Income, Small-Cap Stock, Spectrum Income, Summit Cash Reserves, Total Equity Market Index, U.S. Bond Index, and Value Funds. Each portfolio establishes an omnibus account in the underlying Price Funds. Transfer agent and recordkeeping expenses incurred by the portfolios as a result of transactions by participants in the 529 plans that invest in the Price Funds are paid for by the underlying Price Funds under their agreement with their transfer agent, T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. The expenses borne by each underlying Price Fund are set forth in the shareholder report of the underlying fund under "Related Party Transactions."
Control of Investment Adviser
T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. ("Group") is a publicly owned company and owns 100% of the stock of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which in turn indirectly owns 100% of T. Rowe Price International, Inc. Group was formed in 2000 as a holding company for the T. Rowe Price-affiliated companies.
DISTRIBUTOR FOR THE FUNDs
Investment Services, a Maryland corporation formed in 1980 as a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, serves as distributor for all T. Rowe Price mutual funds on a continuous basis. Investment Services is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA").
Investment Services is located at the same address as the funds and T. Rowe Price—100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
Investment Services serves as distributor to the funds, pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement ("Underwriting Agreement"), which provides that the funds (other than the Single-Fee Funds) will pay all fees and expenses in connection with necessary state filings; preparing, setting in type, printing, and mailing of prospectuses and reports to shareholders; and issuing shares, including expenses of confirming purchase orders. For the Single-Fee Funds, the Underwriting Agreement provides that Investment Services will pay, or will arrange for others to pay, all of these fees and expenses.
The Underwriting Agreement also provides that Investment Services will pay all fees and expenses in connection with printing and distributing prospectuses and reports for use in offering and selling fund shares; preparing, setting in type, printing, and mailing all sales literature and advertising; Investment Services` federal and state registrations as a broker-dealer; and offering and selling shares for each fund, except for those fees and expenses specifically assumed by the funds. Investment Services` expenses are paid by T. Rowe Price.
Investment Services acts as the agent of the funds, in connection with the sale of fund shares in the various states in which Investment Services is qualified as a broker-dealer. Under the Underwriting Agreement, Investment Services accepts orders for fund shares at net asset value. Other than as described below with respect to the Advisor and R Class shares, no sales charges are paid by investors or the funds. No compensation is paid to Investment Services.
PAGE 159
Advisor and R Class
Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan
The fund directors adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with respect to each Advisor and R Class (collectively "Class"). Each plan provides that the Class may compensate Investment Services or such other persons as the funds or Investment Services designates, to finance any or all of the distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts, and/or other administrative services with respect to Class shares. It is expected that most, if not all, payments under the plan will be made (either directly, or indirectly through Investment Services) to intermediaries other than Investment Services such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, and retirement plan recordkeepers. Under the plan, each Advisor Class pays a fee at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of that class`s average daily net assets and each R Class pays a fee at the annual rate of up to 0.50% of that class's average daily net assets. Normally, the full amount of the fee is paid to the intermediary on shares sold through that intermediary; however, a lesser amount may be paid. In addition, the fee may be split among intermediaries based on the level of services provided by each. Intermediaries may use the payments for, among other purposes, compensating employees engaged in sales and/or shareholder servicing of the Class, as well as for a wide variety of other purposes associated with supporting, distributing, and servicing Class shares. The amount of fees paid by a Class during any year may be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to the Class and its investors. FINRA rules limit the amount of annual distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid. The plan complies with these rules.
The plan requires that Investment Services provide, or cause to be provided, a quarterly written report identifying the amounts expended by each Class and the purposes for which such expenditures were made to the fund directors for their review.
Prior to approving the plan, the funds considered various factors relating to the implementation of the plan and determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the plan will benefit each fund, its Class, and the Class`s shareholders. The fund directors noted that to the extent the plan allows a fund to sell Class shares in markets to which it would not otherwise have access, the plan may result in additional sales of fund shares. This may enable a fund to achieve economies of scale that could reduce expenses. In addition, certain ongoing shareholder services may be provided more effectively by intermediaries with which shareholders have an existing relationship.
The plan is renewable from year to year with respect to each fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the fund directors and (2) by a vote of the majority of the funds` independent directors cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Class thereunder unless such amendment is approved by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of such Class and by the fund directors in the manner prescribed by Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The plan is terminable with respect to a Class at any time by a vote of a majority of the independent directors or by a majority vote of the outstanding shares in the Class.
Payments under the 12b-1 plans will normally be made for funds that are closed to new investors. Such payments are made for the various services provided to the investors by the intermediaries receiving such payments.
The following payments for the fiscal year indicated were made to intermediaries, including broker-dealers and insurance companies, for the distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts, and/or other administrative services under the plan.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
2/28/07
|
Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
$827,000
|
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
5/31/07
|
High Yield Fund—Advisor Class
|
$2,557,000
|
New Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
16,000
|
New Income Fund—R Class
|
16,000
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class
|
307,000
|
Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class
|
574,000
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class
|
432,000
|
Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class
|
733,000
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class
|
278,000
|
Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class
|
526,000
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class
|
147,000
|
Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class
|
242,000
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class
|
0
|
Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class
|
1,000
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class
|
(a)
|
Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
67,000
|
Retirement Income Fund—R Class
|
129,000
|
Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
12,000
|
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
10/31/06
|
Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
$1,000
|
International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
776,000
|
International Growth & Income Fund—
R Class
|
103,000
|
International Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
157,000
|
International Stock Fund—R Class
|
14,000
|
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
12/31/06
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
$1,870,000
|
Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class
|
307,000
|
Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class
|
85,000
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,000
|
Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class
|
1,000
|
Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,000
|
Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class
|
5,099,000
|
Equity Income Fund—R Class
|
1,086,000
|
Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
4,331,000
|
Growth Stock Fund—R Class
|
2,457,000
|
International Bond Fund—Advisor Class
|
269,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,357,000
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class
|
869,000
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,149,000
|
Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class
|
1,662,000
|
New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,000
|
Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class
|
84,000
|
Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,174,000
|
Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,481,000
|
Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
1,784,000
|
Value Fund—Advisor Class
|
2,003,000
|
PAGE 161
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
All funds except International Funds
Investment or Brokerage Discretion
Decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of the fund are made by T. Rowe Price. T. Rowe Price is also responsible for implementing these decisions, including, where applicable, the negotiation of commissions, the allocation of portfolio brokerage and principal business and the use of affiliates to assist in routing orders for execution.
The fund`s purchases and sales of fixed-income portfolio securities are normally done on a principal basis and do not involve the payment of a commission, although they may involve the designation of selling concessions. That part of the discussion below relating solely to brokerage commissions would not normally apply to the fund (except to the extent that the Corporate Income, High Yield, Institutional Core Plus, Institutional High Yield, New Income, and Personal Strategy Funds purchase equity securities). However, it is included because T. Rowe Price does manage a significant number of common stock portfolios which do engage in agency transactions and pay commissions and because some research and services resulting from the payment of such commissions may benefit the fund.
How Broker-Dealers Are Selected
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities are generally purchased from the issuer or a primary market-maker acting as principal for the securities on a net basis, with no brokerage commission being paid by the client, although the price usually includes an undisclosed compensation. Transactions placed through broker-dealers serving as primary market-makers reflect the spread between the bid and ask prices. Securities may also be purchased from underwriters at prices which include underwriting fees.
Equity Securities
In purchasing and selling equity securities, T. Rowe Price seeks to obtain quality execution at favorable security prices through responsible broker-dealers and in the case of agency transactions, at competitive commission
rates. However, under certain conditions, higher brokerage commissions may be paid in return for brokerage and research services. As a general practice, securities are executed in the primary market with market-makers, or through an electronic communications network or Alternative Trading System. In selecting from among these options, T. Rowe Price generally seeks to select the broker-dealers or system it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold. In selecting broker-dealers to execute the fund`s portfolio transactions, consideration is given to such factors as the price of the security, the rate of the commission, the size and difficulty of the order, the reliability, integrity, general execution, and operational capabilities of competing broker-dealers, their expertise in particular markets, and brokerage and research services provided by them. It is not the policy of T. Rowe Price to seek the lowest available commission rate where it is believed that a broker-dealer charging a higher commission rate would offer greater reliability or provide better price or execution.
Equity and Fixed-Income Securities
With respect to equity and fixed-income securities, T. Rowe Price may effect principal transactions on behalf of the fund with a broker-dealer who furnishes brokerage and/or research services; designate any such broker-dealer to receive selling concessions, discounts, or other allowances; or otherwise deal with any such broker-dealer in connection with the acquisition of securities in underwritings. T. Rowe Price may receive research services in connection with brokerage transactions, including designations in fixed-price offerings.
How Evaluations Are Made of the Overall Reasonableness of Brokerage Commissions Paid
On a continuing basis, T. Rowe Price seeks to determine what levels of commission rates are reasonable in the marketplace for transactions executed on behalf of clients. In evaluating the reasonableness of commission rates, T. Rowe Price considers: (a) rates quoted by broker-dealers; (b) the size of a particular transaction, in terms of the number of shares, dollar amount, and number of clients involved; (c) the complexity of a particular transaction in terms of both execution and settlement; (d) the level and type of business done with a particular firm over a period of time; (e) the extent to which the broker-dealer has capital at risk in the transaction; (f) historical commission rates; and (g) rates which other institutional investors are paying, based on available public information.
Description of Research Services Received From Broker-Dealers
T. Rowe Price receives a wide range of research services from broker-dealers. These services include information on the economy, industries, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, accounting and tax law interpretations, political developments, legal developments affecting portfolio securities, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance analysis, and analysis of corporate responsibility issues. These services provide both domestic and international perspective. Research services are received primarily in the form of written reports, computer-generated services, telephone contacts, and personal meetings with security analysts. Such services may be provided in the form of meetings arranged with corporate and industry spokespersons, economists, academicians, and government representatives. Some research may be incorporated into firm-wide systems or communications. Therefore, T. Rowe Price may have access to the research obtained through commissions generated by T. Rowe Price International.
Research services received from broker-dealers are supplemental to T. Rowe Price`s own research efforts and, when utilized, are subject to internal analysis before being incorporated by T. Rowe Price into its investment process. As a practical matter, it would not be possible for T. Rowe Price to generate all of the information and varied opinions presently provided by broker-dealers. T. Rowe Price pays cash for certain research services including all research received from external non-broker-dealer sources. While receipt of research services from brokerage firms has not reduced T. Rowe Price`s normal research activities, the expenses of T. Rowe Price could be materially increased if it attempted to generate such additional information through its own staff. To the extent that research services of value are provided by broker-dealers, T. Rowe Price is relieved of expenses which it might otherwise bear.
T. Rowe Price has a policy of not allocating brokerage business in return for products or services other than brokerage or research services. In accordance with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, T. Rowe Price has from time to time received third-party vendor services and products which serve both research and non-research functions. In such event, T. Rowe Price makes a good faith determination of the
PAGE 163
research and non-research use of the product or service and received credit for commission business only with respect to the research component.
Directed Brokerage
In 2002, the T. Rowe Price funds that invest in domestic equity securities adopted a commission recapture program. Under the program, a percentage of commissions generated by the portfolio transactions of those funds is rebated to the funds by the broker-dealers and credited to short-term security gain/loss.
Commissions to Broker-Dealers Who Furnish Research Services
Certain broker-dealers who provide quality brokerage and execution services also furnish proprietary research services to T. Rowe Price. Proprietary research may include research provided by an affiliate of the broker-dealer. With regard to the payment of brokerage commissions, T. Rowe Price has adopted a brokerage allocation policy embodying the concepts of Section 28(e), which permits an investment adviser to cause an account to pay a higher commission (which does not furnish research services or which furnishes brokerage and research services deemed to be of lesser value), if the adviser determines in good faith that the commission paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The determination may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction involved or the overall responsibilities of the adviser with respect to the accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. Therefore, research may not necessarily benefit all accounts paying commissions to such broker-dealers. Accordingly, while T. Rowe Price cannot readily determine the extent to which commission rates charged by broker-dealers reflect the value of their research services, T. Rowe Price would expect to assess the reasonableness of commissions in light of the total brokerage and research services provided by each particular broker-dealer. T. Rowe Price may receive proprietary research from broker-dealers, as defined in Section 28(e), in connection with brokerage transactions, including selling concessions and designations in fixed-price offerings in which the fund participates.
T. Rowe Price adopted a policy, effective January 1, 2005, to discontinue the use of brokerage commissions to acquire independent, third-party research and related services of non-broker-dealer entities. Proprietary research and services will continue to be acquired or received either directly from executing brokers or indirectly through other brokers in step-out transactions. A "step-out" is an arrangement by which an investment manager executes a trade through one broker-dealer but instructs that entity to step-out all or a portion of the trade to another broker-dealer. This second broker-dealer will clear and settle, and receive commissions for, the stepped-out portion. In the case of the Price Funds, T. Rowe Price would use a step-out to compensate broker-dealers who provide valuable proprietary research services. These broker-dealers may or may not have trading desks of their own.
Independent third-party research will remain an important component of T. Rowe Price`s investment approach. However, independent third-party research will be paid for directly by T. Rowe Price, rather than through third-party soft dollar arrangements. T. Rowe Price will continue to use full service broker-dealers that provide "bundled" proprietary research, either directly or through step-out transactions with other brokers, subject to T. Rowe Price`s best execution obligations; lower commissions may be available from other broker-dealers that do not provide research.
Selling concessions were not designated for broker-dealers during 2006 in connection with fixed price offerings in consideration of independent third-party vendor research and brokerage services provided by such broker-dealers. However, T. Rowe Price may receive proprietary research from broker-dealers designated by T. Rowe Price to receive selling concessions.
Internal Allocation Procedures
T. Rowe Price has a policy of not precommitting a specific amount of business to any broker-dealer over any specific time period. Historically, brokerage placement has been determined, as appropriate, by the needs of a specific transaction such as market-making, availability of a buyer or seller of a particular security, or specialized execution skills. However, T. Rowe Price does have an internal brokerage allocation procedure for that portion of its discretionary client brokerage business where special needs do not exist, or where the business may be allocated among several broker-dealers which are able to meet the needs of the transaction.
Each year, T. Rowe Price assesses the contribution of the brokerage and research services provided by broker-dealers and attempts to allocate a portion of its brokerage business in response to these assessments. Portfolio managers, research analysts, and the Trading Department each seek to evaluate the brokerage, execution, and
research services they receive from broker-dealers and make judgments as to the level of business which would recognize such services. In addition, broker-dealers sometimes suggest a level of business they would like to receive in return for the various brokerage and research services they provide. Actual business received by any firm may be less than the suggested allocations but can, and often does, exceed the suggestions because the total business is allocated on the basis of all the considerations described above. In no case is a broker-dealer excluded from receiving business from T. Rowe Price because it has not been identified as providing research services.
Miscellaneous
T. Rowe Price`s brokerage allocation policy is generally applied to all its fully discretionary accounts, which represent a substantial majority of all assets under management. Research services furnished by broker-dealers through which T. Rowe Price effects securities transactions may be used in servicing all accounts (including non-fund accounts) managed by T. Rowe Price. Therefore, research services received from broker-dealers which execute transactions for a particular fund will not necessarily be used by T. Rowe Price in connection with the management of that fund.
From time to time, orders for clients may be placed through a computerized transaction network.
The fund does not allocate business to any broker-dealer on the basis of its sales of the fund`s shares. However, this does not mean that broker-dealers who purchase fund shares for their clients will not receive business from the fund.
Since certain of T. Rowe Price`s other clients have investment objectives and programs similar to those of the fund, T. Rowe Price may make recommendations to other clients which result in their purchasing or selling securities simultaneously with the fund. As a result, the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold may increase, and this could have an adverse effect on the price of those securities. It is T. Rowe Price`s policy not to favor one client over another in making recommendations or in placing orders. T. Rowe Price frequently follows the practice of grouping orders of various clients for execution. Clients should be aware, however, that the grouping of their orders with other clients may sometimes result in a more favorable price and at other times may result in a less favorable price than if the client orders had not been grouped. In certain cases, where the aggregate order is executed in a series of transactions at various prices on a given day, each participating client`s proportionate share of such order reflects the average price paid or received with respect to the total order. T. Rowe Price may include orders on behalf of the T. Rowe Price Associates Foundation, Inc. and The T. Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving, Inc., not for profit entities, in aggregated orders from time to time. T. Rowe Price has established a general investment policy that it will ordinarily not make additional purchases of a common stock for its clients (including the T. Rowe Price funds) if, as a result of such purchases, 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of the issuer would be held by its clients and clients of affiliated advisers in the aggregate. In certain limited instances, however, T. Rowe Price may increase aggregate ownership to a maximum of 15% or more. For purposes of determining these limits, T. Rowe Price includes securities held by clients of affiliated advisers.
T. Rowe Price may give advice and take action for clients, including investment companies, which differs from advice given or the timing or nature of action taken for other clients. T. Rowe Price is not obligated to initiate transactions for clients in any security that its principals, affiliates, or employees may purchase or sell for their own accounts or for other clients.
Purchase and sale transactions may be effected directly among and between non-ERISA client accounts (including affiliated mutual funds), provided no commission is paid to any broker-dealer, the security traded has readily available market quotations, and the transaction is effected at the independent current market price.
At the present time, T. Rowe Price does not recapture commissions or underwriting discounts or selling group concessions in connection with fixed-income securities acquired in underwritten offerings. T. Rowe Price may, however, have the opportunity to designate a portion of the underwriting spread to broker-dealers that participate in the offering.
Trade Allocation Policies
T. Rowe Price has developed written trade allocation guidelines for its Trading Desks. Generally, when the amount of securities available in a public offering or the secondary markets is insufficient to satisfy the volume
PAGE 165
or price requirements for the participating client portfolios, the guidelines require a pro-rata allocation based upon the relative sizes of the participating client portfolios or the relative sizes of the participating client orders, depending upon the market involved. In allocating trades made on a combined basis, the trading desks seek to achieve the same net unit price of the securities for each participating client. Because a pro-rata allocation may not always adequately accommodate all facts and circumstances, the guidelines provide for exceptions to allocate trades on an adjusted basis. For example, adjustments may be made: (i) to eliminate de minimis positions; (ii) to give priority to accounts with specialized investment policies and objectives; (iii) to reallocate in light of a participating portfolio`s characteristics (e.g., available cash, industry or issuer concentration, duration, credit exposure); and (iv) to recognize the efforts of a portfolio manager in negotiating a transaction or a private placement. Also, with respect to private placement transactions, conditions imposed by the issuer may limit availability of allocations to client accounts.
International Funds
Investment or Brokerage Discretion
Decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of the fund are made by T. Rowe Price. T. Rowe Price is also responsible for implementing these decisions, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of portfolio brokerage and principal business and the use of affiliates to assist in routing orders for execution.
How Broker-Dealers Are Selected
Fixed-Income Securities
For fixed-income securities, it is expected that purchases and sales will ordinarily be transacted with the issuer, the issuer`s underwriter, or with a primary market-maker acting as principal on a net basis, with no brokerage commission being paid by the fund. However, the price of the securities generally includes compensation which is not disclosed separately. Transactions placed through dealers who are serving as primary market-makers reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices.
With respect to equity and fixed-income securities, T. Rowe Price International may effect principal transactions on behalf of the fund with a broker-dealer who furnishes research services, designate any such broker-dealer to receive selling concessions, discounts, or other allowances, or otherwise deal with any such broker-dealer in connection with the acquisition of securities in underwritings. T. Rowe Price International may receive research services in connection with brokerage transactions, including designations in fixed-price offerings.
Equity Securities
In purchasing and selling equity securities, it is T. Rowe Price International`s policy to seek to obtain quality execution at the most favorable security prices through responsible broker-dealers and at competitive commission rates where such rates are negotiable. However, under certain conditions, higher brokerage commissions may be paid in return for brokerage and research services. In an effort to obtain quality execution, orders are generally placed through T. Rowe Price International or T. Rowe Price`s trading desk. In selecting broker-dealers to execute the fund`s portfolio transactions, consideration is given to such factors as the price of the security, the rate of the commission, the size and difficulty of the order, the reliability, integrity, financial condition, general execution, and operational capabilities of competing broker-dealers, their expertise in particular markets, and brokerage and research services provided by them. It is not the policy of T. Rowe Price International to seek the lowest available commission rate where it is believed that a broker-dealer charging a higher commission rate would offer greater reliability or provide better price or execution.
Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of brokerage commissions. In transactions on stock exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated. Traditionally, commission rates have generally not been negotiated on stock markets outside the United States. However, an increasing number of overseas stock markets have adopted a system of negotiated rates, although a number of markets continue to be subject to an established schedule of minimum commission rates. It is expected that equity securities will ordinarily be purchased in the primary markets, whether over-the-counter or listed, and that listed securities may be purchased in the over-the-counter market if such market is deemed the primary market. In the case of securities traded on the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount.
How Evaluations Are Made of the Overall Reasonableness of Brokerage Commissions Paid
On a continuing basis, T. Rowe Price International seeks to determine what levels of commission rates are reasonable in the marketplace for transactions executed on behalf of clients. In evaluating the reasonableness of commission rates, T. Rowe Price International considers: (a) rates quoted by broker-dealers; (b) the size of a particular transaction, in terms of the number of shares and dollar amount; (c) the complexity of a particular transaction in terms of both execution and settlement; (d) the level and type of business done with a particular firm over a period of time; (e) the extent to which the broker-dealer has capital at risk in the transaction; (f) historical commission rates; and (g) rates which other institutional investors are paying, based on available public information.
Descriptions of Research Services Received From Broker-Dealers
T. Rowe Price International receives a wide range of research services from broker-dealers covering investment opportunities throughout the world, including information on the economies, industries, groups of securities, individual companies, statistics, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, and performance analyses of all the countries in which a fund`s portfolio is likely to be invested. Research services are received primarily in the form of written reports, e-mails, computer-generated services, telephone contacts, and personal meetings with security analysts. In addition, such services may be provided in the form of meetings arranged with corporate and industry spokespersons, economists, academicians, and government representatives. T. Rowe Price International cannot readily determine the extent to which commissions charged by broker-dealers reflect the value of their research services, but broker-dealers generally suggest a level of business they would like to receive in return for the brokerage and research services they provide. To the extent that research services of value are provided by broker-dealers, T. Rowe Price International is relieved of expenses which it might otherwise bear. Some research may be incorporated into firm-wide systems or communications. Therefore, T. Rowe Price International may have access to the research obtained through commissions generated by T. Rowe Price.
Commissions to Broker-Dealers Who Furnish Research Services
Certain broker-dealers which provide quality brokerage and execution services also furnish proprietary research services to T. Rowe Price International. Proprietary research may include research provided by an affiliate of the broker-dealer. With regard to payment of brokerage commissions, T. Rowe Price International has adopted a brokerage allocation policy embodying the concepts of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which permits an investment adviser to cause its clients to pay a broker-dealer which furnishes research services a higher commission than that which might be charged by another broker-dealer (which does not furnish research services, or which furnishes brokerage and research services deemed to be of lesser value), if such commission is deemed reasonable in relation to the research services provided by the broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities of the adviser with respect to the accounts as to which it exercises investment discretion. Therefore, research may not necessarily benefit all accounts paying commissions to such broker-dealers.
Accordingly, T. Rowe Price International may assess the reasonableness of commissions in light of the total research services provided by each particular broker-dealer. T. Rowe Price International may receive proprietary research from broker-dealers, as defined in Section 28(e), in connection with selling concessions and designations in fixed price offerings for non-ERISA accounts.
T. Rowe Price adopted a policy, effective January 1, 2005, to discontinue the use of brokerage commissions to acquire independent, third-party research and related services of non-broker-dealer entities. There has been a long-standing industry, legislative, and regulatory debate regarding the definition and impact of soft-dollar activity, and proactively eliminating the practice has allowed T. Rowe Price International to respond to changing client sentiment on the issue. Proprietary research and services will continue to be acquired or received either directly from executing brokers or indirectly through other brokers in step-out transactions. A "step-out" is an arrangement by which an investment manager executes a trade through one broker-dealer but instructs that entity to step-out all or a portion of the trade to another broker-dealer. This second broker-dealer will clear and settle, and receive commissions for, the stepped-out portion. In the case of the Price Funds, T. Rowe Price International would use a step-out to compensate broker-dealers who provide valuable proprietary research services. These broker-dealers may or may not have trading desks of their own.
PAGE 167
Independent third-party research will remain an important component of T. Rowe Price`s investment approach. However, independent third-party research will be paid for directly by T. Rowe Price, rather than through third-party soft dollar arrangements. T. Rowe Price will continue to use full service broker-dealers that provide "bundled" proprietary research, either directly or through step-out transactions with other brokers, subject to T. Rowe Price`s best execution obligations; lower commissions may be available from other broker-dealers that do not provide research.
Internal Allocation Procedures
T. Rowe Price has a policy of not precommitting a specific amount of business to any broker-dealer over any specific time period. Historically, brokerage placement has been determined, as appropriate, by the needs of a specific transaction such as market-making, availability of a buyer or seller of a particular security, or specialized execution skills. However, T. Rowe Price does have an internal brokerage allocation procedure for that portion of its discretionary client brokerage business where special needs do not exist, or where the business may be allocated among several broker-dealers which are able to meet the needs of the transaction.
Each year, T. Rowe Price assesses the contribution of the brokerage and research services provided by broker-dealers, and attempts to allocate a portion of its brokerage business in response to these assessments. Portfolio managers, research analysts, and the Trading Department each seek to evaluate the brokerage, execution and research services they receive from broker-dealers and make judgments as to the level of business which would recognize such services. In addition, broker-dealers sometimes suggest a level of business they would like to receive in return for the various brokerage and research services they provide. Actual business received by any firm may be less than the suggested allocations but can, and often does, exceed the suggestions, because the total business is allocated on the basis of all the considerations described above. In no case is a broker-dealer excluded from receiving business from T. Rowe Price because it has not been identified as providing research services.
Miscellaneous
Research services furnished by broker-dealers through which T. Rowe Price International effects securities transactions may be used in servicing all accounts managed by T. Rowe Price International. Therefore, research services received from broker-dealers which execute transactions for a particular fund will not necessarily be used by T. Rowe Price International in connection with the management of that fund.
Since certain of T. Rowe Price International`s other clients have similar investment objectives and programs to those of the fund, T. Rowe Price International may make recommendations to other clients which result in their purchasing or selling securities simultaneously with the fund. As a result, the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold may increase, and this could have an adverse effect on the price of those securities. It is T. Rowe Price International`s policy not to favor one client over another in making recommendations or in placing orders. T. Rowe Price International may follow the practice of grouping orders of various clients for execution, which generally results in lower commission rates being attained. Clients should be aware, however, that the grouping of their orders with other clients may sometimes result in a more favorable price and at other times may result in a less favorable price than if the client orders had not been grouped. In certain cases, where the aggregate order may be executed in a series of transactions at various prices on a given day, each participating client`s proportionate share of such order will reflect the average price paid or received with respect to the total order.
T. Rowe Price has developed written trade allocation guidelines for its Trading desk. Generally, when the amount of securities available in a public offering or the secondary markets is insufficient to satisfy the volume or price requirements for the participating client portfolios, the guidelines require a pro-rata allocation based upon the relative sizes of the participating client portfolios or the relative sizes of the participating client orders depending upon the market involved. In allocating trades made on a combined basis, the trading desks seek to achieve the same net unit price of the securities for each participating client. Because a pro-rata allocation may not always adequately accommodate all facts and circumstances, the guidelines provide for exceptions to allocate trades on an adjusted basis, which may include a system-generated random allocation. Adjustments may be made in such situations as: (i) to eliminate de minimis positions; (ii) to give priority to accounts with specialized investment policies and objectives; (iii) to reallocate in light of a participating portfolio`s characteristics (e.g., available cash, industry or issuer concentration, duration, credit exposure); and (iv) to recognize the efforts of a portfolio manager in negotiating a transaction or a private placement. Also, with
respect to private placement transactions, conditions imposed by the issuer may limit availability of allocations to client accounts.
T. Rowe Price may give advice and take action for clients, including investment companies, which differs from advice given or the timing or nature of action taken for other clients. T. Rowe Price is not obligated to initiate transactions for clients in any security which the advisers, their principals, affiliates or employees may purchase or sell for their own accounts or for other clients.
Purchase and sale transactions may be effected directly between non-ERISA client accounts (including mutual funds) provided no commission is paid to any broker-dealer, the security traded has readily available market quotations, and the transaction is effected at the independent current market price.
T. Rowe Price International has a Brokerage Control Committee, which is responsible for developing brokerage policy, monitoring its implementation, and resolving questions that arise in that connection.
T. Rowe Price International has established a general investment policy that it will ordinarily not make additional purchases of a common stock of a company for its clients (including the T. Rowe Price Funds) if, as a result of such purchases, 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of such company would be held by its clients and clients of affiliated advisers in the aggregate. For purposes of determining the 10% limit, T. Rowe Price International includes securities held by clients of affiliated advisers. In certain limited instances, however, T. Rowe Price International may increase aggregate ownership to a maximum of 15% or more.
The fund does not allocate business to any broker-dealer on the basis of its sales of the fund`s shares. However, this does not mean that broker-dealers who purchase fund shares for their clients will not receive business from the fund.
All funds
Total Brokerage Commissions
For the fiscal years indicated, the total brokerage commissions paid by each fund, including the discounts received by securities dealers in connection with underwritings, and the percentage of these commissions paid to firms which provided research, statistical, or other services to T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International in connection with the management of each fund that invests in equity securities, are shown below.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2/28/07
|
%
|
2/28/06
|
%
|
2/28/05
|
%
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
$251,000
|
(a)
|
$278,000
|
(a)
|
$247,000
|
(a)
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
2,000
|
(a)
|
3,000
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
Florida Intermediate Tax-Free*
|
0
|
(a)
|
14,000
|
(a)
|
8,000
|
(a)
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
67,000
|
(a)
|
69,000
|
(a)
|
98,000
|
(a)
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
32,000
|
(a)
|
17,000
|
(a)
|
27,000
|
(a)
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
665,000
|
(a)
|
417,000
|
(a)
|
362,000
|
(a)
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
26,000
|
(a)
|
5,000
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
146,000
|
(a)
|
140,000
|
(a)
|
118,000
|
(a)
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
325,000
|
(a)
|
247,000
|
(a)
|
215,000
|
(a)
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
0
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
0
|
(a)
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
10,000
|
2.43
|
12,000
|
2.50
|
1,000
|
0.0
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
10,000
|
0.70
|
9,000
|
2.50
|
10,000
|
0.20
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
10,000
|
2.43
|
8,000
|
8.44
|
5,000
|
3.01
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
5,000
|
(a)
|
7,000
|
(a)
|
6,000
|
(a)
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
720,000
|
(a)
|
1,552,000
|
(a)
|
842,000
|
(a)
|
Tax-Free Income
|
1,121,000
|
(a)
|
1,271,000
|
(a)
|
1,222,000
|
(a)
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
0
|
(a)
|
101,000
|
(a)
|
76,000
|
(a)
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
98,000
|
(a)
|
79,000
|
(a)
|
155,000
|
(a)
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
245,000
|
(a)
|
277,000
|
(a)
|
205,000
|
(a)
|
PAGE 169
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
(a)Percentages are not required for funds that do not invest in equity securities.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/31/07
|
%
|
5/31/06
|
%
|
5/31/05
|
%
|
Corporate Income
|
$148,000
|
93.2
|
$193,000
|
92.5
|
$204,000
|
82.1
|
GNMA
|
200,000
|
(a)
|
5,000
|
(a)
|
16,000
|
(a)
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
High Yield
|
18,250,000
|
91.8
|
15,965,000
|
76.4
|
17,817,000
|
90.4
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
3,000
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
19,000
|
94.2
|
13,000
|
83.1
|
6,000
|
97.7
|
Institutional High Yield
|
1,399,000
|
91.8
|
1,473,000
|
80.8
|
2,613,000
|
(a)
|
New Income
|
2,152,000
|
93.7
|
2,952,000
|
87.6
|
1,034,000
|
94.2
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
648,000
|
24.5
|
556,000
|
25.2
|
529,000
|
30.4
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
540,000
|
28.9
|
461,000
|
28.9
|
397,000
|
31.4
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
230,000
|
20.3
|
182,000
|
21.1
|
164,000
|
23.8
|
Prime Reserve
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2005
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2010
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2015
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2020
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2025
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2030
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2035
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2040
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2045
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Retirement 2050
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2055
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement Income
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Short-Term Bond
|
471,000
|
(a)
|
341,000
|
(a)
|
465,000
|
(a)
|
Short-Term Income
|
175,000
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
7,000
|
(a)
|
1,000
|
(a)
|
2,000
|
(a)
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
13,000
|
(a)
|
4,000
|
(a)
|
2,000
|
(a)
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(a)Percentages are not required for funds that do not invest in equity securities.
(b)Not applicable.
(c)Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/31/06
|
%
|
10/31/05
|
%
|
10/31/04
|
%
|
Africa & Middle East
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
$3,958,000
|
1.6
|
$2,100,000
|
5.8
|
$515,000
|
16.6
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
5,791,000
|
4.6
|
3,173,000
|
7.5
|
2,398,000
|
10.9
|
European Stock
|
2,491,000
|
0.04
|
1,289,000
|
1.4
|
810,000
|
1.2
|
Global Stock
|
1,470,000
|
14.0
|
511,000
|
21.3
|
142,000
|
18.6
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
490,000
|
4.4
|
330,000
|
6.0
|
135,000
|
10.0
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
538,000
|
2.1
|
1,476,000
|
3.2
|
1,433,000
|
3.5
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
2,000
|
19.8
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
International Discovery
|
5,437,000
|
0.6
|
3,883,000
|
0.5
|
3,282,000
|
0.2
|
International Equity Index
|
116,000
|
0.3
|
94,000
|
1.2
|
39,000
|
4.4
|
International Growth & Income
|
1,236,000
|
2.3
|
580,000
|
8.0
|
327,000
|
4.5
|
International Stock
|
12,660,000
|
1.8
|
12,633,000
|
1.9
|
5,872,000
|
3.5
|
Japan
|
2,551,000
|
0.0
|
1,033,000
|
0.0
|
1,161,000
|
0.0
|
Latin America
|
4,236,000
|
33.8
|
1,194,000
|
60.7
|
452,000
|
54.0
|
New Asia
|
7,064,000
|
0.5
|
4,219,000
|
0.0
|
3,996,000
|
0.0
|
Overseas Stock
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
0
|
(b)
|
0
|
(b)
|
0
|
(b)
|
Summit GNMA
|
4,000
|
(b)
|
2,000
|
(b)
|
2,000
|
(b)
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
475,000
|
(b)
|
244,000
|
(b)
|
105,000
|
(b)
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
95,000
|
(b)
|
103,000
|
(b)
|
70,000
|
(b)
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
0
|
(b)
|
9,000
|
(b)
|
0
|
(b)
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
23,000
|
(b)
|
34,000
|
(b)
|
7,000
|
(b)
|
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)Percentages are not required for funds that do not invest in equity securities.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
%
|
12/31/05
|
%
|
12/31/04
|
%
|
Balanced
|
$379,000
|
3.2
|
$574,000
|
25.0
|
$408,000
|
32.4
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
5,490,000
|
52.9
|
6,645,000
|
56.5
|
6,809,000
|
55.6
|
Capital Appreciation
|
6,828,000
|
41.2
|
5,854,000
|
22.0
|
4,458,000
|
25.1
|
Capital Opportunity
|
194,000
|
41.7
|
148,000
|
38.4
|
115,000
|
50.9
|
Developing Technologies
|
231,000
|
41.4
|
161,000
|
53.7
|
179,000
|
43.9
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
69,000
|
6.5
|
50,000
|
25.0
|
25,000
|
11.5
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
93,000
|
39.2
|
174,000
|
49.8
|
68,000
|
43.4
|
Dividend Growth
|
322,000
|
44.8
|
2,923,000
|
65.3
|
353,000
|
59.6
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
3,000
|
(a)
|
3,000
|
(a)
|
0
|
(a)
|
Equity Income
|
6,840,000
|
45.4
|
6,388,000
|
54.9
|
10,109,000
|
52.7
|
Equity Index 500
|
435,000
|
1.2
|
299,000
|
0.4
|
301,000
|
1.8
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
58,000
|
1.6
|
346,000
|
20.9
|
37,000
|
2.4
|
Financial Services
|
937,000
|
36.1
|
601,000
|
27.8
|
555,000
|
28.3
|
Global Technology
|
538,000
|
26.8
|
1,154,000
|
40.3
|
525,000
|
22.1
|
Growth & Income
|
1,749,000
|
56.8
|
4,836,000
|
43.0
|
2,556,000
|
55.4
|
Growth Stock
|
15,130,000
|
32.5
|
11,037,000
|
38.3
|
9,889,000
|
30.8
|
Health Sciences
|
4,392,000
|
31.4
|
2,694,000
|
57.1
|
4,142,000
|
61.5
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
1,000
|
0.3
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Institutional International Bond
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
24,000
|
33.8
|
36,000
|
55.9
|
9,000
|
56.0
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
444,000
|
40.0
|
120,000
|
41.2
|
70,000
|
49.8
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
65,000
|
22.3
|
140,000
|
45.1
|
25,000
|
39.5
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
564,000
|
27.4
|
510,000
|
30.5
|
686,000
|
29.8
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
480,000
|
20.6
|
458,000
|
19.4
|
727,000
|
24.0
|
International Bond
|
44,000
|
(a)
|
62,000
|
(a)
|
0
|
(a)
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
2,994,000
|
16.6
|
2,511,000
|
23.3
|
3,551,000
|
23.7
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
19,865,000
|
28.6
|
14,723,000
|
32.6
|
19,755,000
|
32.0
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
10,578,000
|
62.0
|
11,861,000
|
50.9
|
13,392,000(c)
|
56.6
|
New America Growth
|
969,000
|
55.5
|
1,179,000
|
54.1
|
1,600,000
|
49.2
|
New Era
|
1,798,000
|
37.7
|
4,065,000
|
47.7
|
1,947,000
|
34.3
|
New Horizons
|
12,117,000
|
22.4
|
10,919,000
|
29.7
|
13,361,000
|
27.3
|
Real Estate
|
3,267,000
|
19.7
|
669,000
|
39.1
|
495,000
|
43.1
|
Science & Technology
|
10,182,000
|
31.6
|
8,350,000
|
33.1
|
9,402,000
|
23.9
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
7,602,000
|
23.6
|
6,415,000
|
34.3
|
8,904,000
|
26.1
|
Small-Cap Value
|
3,002,000
|
42.3
|
3,933,000
|
43.7
|
5,760,000(c)
|
28.5
|
Spectrum Growth
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
Spectrum Income
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
Spectrum International
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
(d)
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
28,000
|
1.5
|
26,000
|
1.7
|
39,000
|
5.2
|
Value
|
2,210,000
|
42.7
|
2,745,000
|
40.3
|
2,267,000
|
38.1
|
PAGE 171
(a)Percentages are not required for funds that do not invest in equity securities.
(b)Prior to commencement of operations.
(c)The increase in commissions (including discounts in connection with underwritings) was due to the fund`s greater participation in initial public offerings.
(d)Not applicable.
Fund Holdings in Securities of Brokers and Dealers
The following lists the funds` holdings in securities of its regular brokers and dealers as of the end of the fiscal years indicated.
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/07
|
|
Fund
|
Broker
|
Value of Stock Holdings
|
Value of Bond Holdings
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$232,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
202,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
59,000
|
—
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$640,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
1,008,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
207,000
|
—
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
111,000
|
—
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/07
|
|
Fund
|
Broker
|
Value of Stock Holdings
|
Value of Bond Holdings
|
Corporate Income
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
194,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
2,398,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
461,000
|
4,407,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
1,011,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
209,000
|
|
UBS
|
—
|
910,000
|
GNMA
|
|
|
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
13,269,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
2,984,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
4,940,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
6,692,000
|
|
UBS
|
—
|
19,892,000
|
|
Wachovia
|
—
|
6,204,000
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
235,000,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
250,000,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
250,000,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
150,000,000
|
|
Wachovia
|
—
|
58,557,000
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
582,000
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
1,014,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
651,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
40,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
406,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
163,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
783,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
64,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
141,000
|
|
UBS
|
—
|
733,000
|
New Income
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
90,320,000
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
107,246,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
36,362,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
50,601,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
27,781,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
21,065,000
|
|
Greenwich Capital Markets
|
—
|
24,814,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
63,455,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
15,688,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
10,914,000
|
Personal Strategy
Balanced
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
3,185,000
|
6,966,000
|
|
Barclays
|
1,887,000
|
—
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
8,130,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
9,687,000
|
3,228,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
921,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
1,928,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
6,671,000
|
1,439,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
2,965,000
|
7,022,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
3,348,000
|
890,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
6,615,000
|
163,000
|
|
UBS
|
7,712,000
|
6,749,000
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
3,246,000
|
2,616,000
|
|
Barclays
|
2,001,000
|
—
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
3,115,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
10,244,000
|
1,239,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
120,000
|
689,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
809,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
7,040,000
|
483,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
3,094,000
|
2,436,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
3,477,000
|
458,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
7,149,000
|
56,000
|
|
UBS
|
8,297,000
|
2,319,000
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
968,000
|
3,848,000
|
|
Barclays
|
583,000
|
—
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
4,330,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
2,964,000
|
1,602,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
714,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
1,030,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
2,054,000
|
778,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
907,000
|
3,711,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
1,011,000
|
716,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
2,082,000
|
447,000
|
|
UBS
|
2,422,000
|
3,836,000
|
Prime Reserve
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
128,327,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
118,454,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
37,500,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
46,993,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
34,500,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
21,000,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
46,001,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
48,905,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
20,004,000
|
TRP Reserve
Investment
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
213,007,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
152,468,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
56,993,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
83,983,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
57,000,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
58,500,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
77,501,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
89,213,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
75,029,000
|
Short-Term Bond
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
3,125,000
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
19,775,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
10,618,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
14,807,000
|
|
Countrywide
|
—
|
5,480,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
5,833,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
2,420,000
|
|
Greenwich Capital Markets
|
—
|
14,862,000
|
|
HSBC
|
—
|
6,405,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
19,594,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
5,445,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
7,916,000
|
|
Wachovia
|
—
|
14,457,000
|
Short-Term Income
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
612,000
|
|
Barclays
|
—
|
2,883,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
4,853,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
8,575,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
3,054,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
910,000
|
|
Greenwich Capital Markets
|
—
|
9,213,000
|
|
HSBC
|
—
|
2,749,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
13,965,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
4,125,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
2,019,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
4,165,000
|
|
Wachovia
|
—
|
8,003,000
|
PAGE 173
PAGE 175
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/06
|
|
Fund
|
Broker
|
Value of Stock Holdings
|
Value of Bond Holdings
|
European Stock
|
|
|
|
|
UBS
|
$18,399,000
|
—
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
$1,479,000
|
—
|
|
Erste Bank
|
3,117,000
|
—
|
|
Macquarie
|
1,355,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
3,192,000
|
—
|
Institutional Global Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Erste Bank
|
$36,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
51,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
45,000
|
—
|
Global Stock
|
|
|
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
$8,161,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
7,175,000
|
—
|
International Equity Index
|
|
|
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
$676,000
|
—
|
|
Societe Generale
|
650,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
1,251,000
|
—
|
International Growth & Income
|
|
|
|
|
Macquarie
|
$21,646,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
36,622,000
|
—
|
International Stock
|
|
|
|
|
Macquarie
|
$40,425,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
97,862,000
|
—
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
$19,741,000
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
18,750,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
140,855
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
26,000,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
48,944,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
30,000,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
26,521,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
32,003,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
45,533,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
34,524,000
|
Summit GNMA
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
$1,069,000
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
1,263,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
199,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
199,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
414,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
464,000
|
U.S. Bond Index
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
—
|
$1,261,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
1,184,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
585,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
224,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
—
|
967,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
1,935,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
—
|
606,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
624,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
805,000
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/06
|
|
Fund
|
Broker
|
Value of Stock Holdings
|
Value of Bond Holdings
|
Balanced
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$27,533,000
|
$4,337,000
|
|
Barclays
|
6,933,000
|
—
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
—
|
8,941,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
41,011,000
|
7,738,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
5,930,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
4,386,000
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
16,047,000
|
4,121,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
14,520,000
|
21,886,000
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
7,991,000
|
2,445,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
3,005,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
17,039,000
|
3,777,000
|
|
Royal Bank of Scotland
|
10,205,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
5,655,000
|
4,243,000
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$133,680,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
132,368,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
86,118,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
100,973,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
127,500,000
|
—
|
Capital Appreciation
|
|
|
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
$96,305,000
|
—
|
Capital Opportunity
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$2,973,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
6,066,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
2,133,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
2,449,000
|
—
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
1,391,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
335,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
1,889,000
|
—
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Raymond James
|
$459,000
|
—
|
Dividend Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$21,166,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
10,993,000
|
—
|
|
Prudential
|
9,445,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
13,600,000
|
—
|
Equity Income
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$26,695,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
267,360,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
577,523,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
244,290,000
|
—
|
Equity Index 500
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$145,575,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
166,152,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
51,577,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
101,829,000
|
—
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
25,158,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
50,034,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
52,378,000
|
—
|
Extended Equity
Market Index
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Technology Group
|
$146,000
|
—
|
|
Stifel Financial
|
75,000
|
—
|
Financial Services
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$21,511,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
23,957,000
|
—
|
|
Prudential
|
9,015,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
4,129,000
|
—
|
Growth & Income
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$48,014,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
7,376,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
9,225,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
11,731,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
15,227,000
|
—
|
Growth Stock
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$289,902,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
121,424,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
171,093,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
367,017,000
|
—
|
Institutional
Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$206,000
|
—
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Citigroup
|
$635,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
628,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
419,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
472,000
|
—
|
|
UBS
|
608,000
|
—
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
$9,706,000
|
—
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$6,588,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
4,625,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
7,621,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
3,356,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
3,860,000
|
—
|
International Bond
|
|
|
|
|
Barclays
|
—
|
$1,573,000
|
|
BNP Paribas
|
—
|
1,569,000
|
|
Citigroup
|
—
|
2,211,000
|
|
Credit Suisse Group
|
—
|
1,649,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank
|
—
|
1,805,000
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
—
|
2,657,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
—
|
1,639,000
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
—
|
3,792,000
|
|
UBS
|
—
|
2,125,000
|
New America Growth
|
|
|
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
$10,993,000
|
—
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$6,064,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
6,924,000
|
—
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
2,265,000
|
—
|
|
Investment Technology Group
|
99,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
4,225,000
|
—
|
|
Lehman Brothers
|
1,036,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
2,132,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
2,150,000
|
—
|
|
Stifel Financial
|
78,000
|
—
|
Value
|
|
|
|
|
Bank of America
|
$58,195,000
|
—
|
|
Citigroup
|
84,107,000
|
—
|
|
JPMorgan Chase
|
70,760,000
|
—
|
|
Merrill Lynch
|
29,978,000
|
—
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
84,958,000
|
—
|
PAGE 177
PAGE 179
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rates for the funds (if applicable) for the fiscal years indicated are as follows:
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
2/28/07
|
2/28/06
|
2/28/05
|
California Tax-Free Bond
|
27.5%
|
21.2%
|
36.3%
|
California Tax-Free Money
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Florida Intermediate Tax-Free*
|
0.0
|
20.7
|
18.2
|
Georgia Tax-Free Bond
|
27.0
|
17.7
|
25.3
|
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond
|
69.7
|
44.3
|
25.4
|
Maryland Tax-Free Bond
|
19.6
|
17.8
|
21.2
|
Maryland Tax-Free Money
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond
|
14.8
|
17.8
|
20.0
|
New York Tax-Free Bond
|
26.6
|
28.9
|
29.3
|
New York Tax-Free Money
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Tax-Efficient Balanced
|
17.8
|
20.1
|
18.0
|
Tax-Efficient Growth
|
14.7
|
15.7
|
14.9
|
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth
|
16.7
|
19.6
|
7.8
|
Tax-Exempt Money
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Tax-Free High Yield
|
25.2
|
20.0
|
22.8
|
Tax-Free Income
|
28.1
|
31.0
|
29.8
|
Tax-Free Intermediate Bond*
|
0.0
|
20.3
|
23.8
|
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate
|
46.9
|
29.7
|
27.5
|
Virginia Tax-Free Bond
|
28.7
|
32.4
|
26.5
|
*Fund merged into Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund on November 10, 2006.
(a)Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
PAGE 181
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
5/31/07
|
5/31/06
|
5/31/05
|
Corporate Income
|
42.8%
|
59.4%
|
61.3%
|
GNMA
|
80.7
|
135.1
|
167.0
|
TRP Government Reserve Investment
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
High Yield
|
72.0
|
65.1
|
67.1
|
Inflation Protected Bond
|
14.3
|
15.9
|
26.3
|
Institutional Core Plus
|
110.0
|
128.3
|
407.9(b)
|
Institutional High Yield
|
73.0
|
80.4
|
64.4
|
New Income
|
104.8
|
111.1
|
135.9
|
Personal Strategy Balanced
|
62.4
|
49.3
|
73.5
|
Personal Strategy Growth
|
50.1
|
36.5
|
52.1
|
Personal Strategy Income
|
70.0
|
53.3
|
83.7
|
Prime Reserve
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
TRP Reserve Investment
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Retirement 2005
|
22.3
|
17.1
|
12.0
|
Retirement 2010
|
13.1
|
11.3
|
6.1
|
Retirement 2015
|
10.3
|
11.4
|
1.8
|
Retirement 2020
|
8.4
|
11.9
|
0.8
|
Retirement 2025
|
8.7
|
13.2
|
2.2
|
Retirement 2030
|
7.8
|
11.9
|
1.3
|
Retirement 2035
|
8.0
|
11.2
|
6.2
|
Retirement 2040
|
8.4
|
11.3
|
1.3
|
Retirement 2045
|
8.9
|
28.4
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2050
|
24.0(d)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement 2055
|
33.0(d)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Retirement Income
|
36.3
|
10.2
|
21.2
|
Short-Term Bond
|
70.4
|
39.9
|
56.0
|
Short-Term Income
|
39.0
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
U.S. Treasury Intermediate
|
37.3
|
47.4
|
90.9
|
U.S. Treasury Long-Term
|
33.6
|
26.4
|
55.7
|
U.S. Treasury Money
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
(b)The portfolio turnover rate calculation includes purchases and sales from mortgage dollar roll transactions.
(c)Prior to commencement of operations.
(d)Annualized.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
10/31/06
|
10/31/05
|
10/31/04
|
Africa & Middle East
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Emerging Europe & Mediterranean
|
55.1%
|
28.1%
|
67.7%
|
Emerging Markets Stock
|
49.4
|
53.3
|
70.0
|
European Stock
|
83.7
|
82.0
|
22.5
|
Global Stock
|
140.6
|
154.8(b)
|
72.3
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity
|
57.0
|
57.4
|
69.1
|
Institutional Foreign Equity
|
66.1
|
56.2
|
28.8
|
International Discovery
|
82.3
|
85.3
|
106.4
|
International Equity Index
|
36.3
|
53.1
|
58.2
|
International Growth & Income
|
36.9
|
26.9
|
45.8
|
International Stock
|
64.5
|
62.7
|
28.2
|
Japan
|
154.2
|
161.2
|
212.4
|
Latin America
|
34.5
|
17.8
|
34.8
|
New Asia
|
76.3
|
55.9
|
72.3
|
Overseas Stock
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
(a)
|
Summit Cash Reserves
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
Summit GNMA
|
108.3
|
187.2
|
198.6
|
Summit Municipal Income
|
19.3
|
24.8
|
30.5
|
Summit Municipal Intermediate
|
24.8
|
22.3
|
26.5
|
Summit Municipal Money Market
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
(c)
|
U.S. Bond Index(d)
|
72.4
|
98.2
|
167.1
|
(a)Prior to commencement of operations.
(b)The increase in the fund`s portfolio turnover from 2004 to 2005 was primarily the result of changes in the investment advisory committee. New membership in the committee had a different outlook on a number of the fund`s portfolio holdings and initiated changes in the composition of the portfolio as a result.
(c)Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
(d)The portfolio turnover rate calculation includes purchases and sales from mortgage dollar roll transactions; had these transactions been excluded from the calculation, the portfolio turnover for the years ended 10/31/05 and 10/31/04 would have been 89.1% and 106.6%, respectively.
Fund
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
12/31/05
|
12/31/04
|
Balanced
|
42.4%
|
27.3%
|
22.9%
|
Blue Chip Growth
|
39.2
|
43.9
|
31.9
|
Capital Appreciation
|
53.7
|
12.1
|
17.6
|
Capital Opportunity
|
52.5
|
46.2
|
44.3
|
Developing Technologies
|
89.2
|
75.0
|
79.0
|
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth
|
29.8
|
20.0
|
13.3
|
Diversified Small-Cap Growth
|
39.1
|
29.4
|
26.4
|
Dividend Growth
|
19.6
|
23.2
|
16.5
|
Emerging Markets Bond
|
57.4
|
50.5
|
71.3
|
Equity Income
|
17.3
|
20.5
|
16.1
|
Equity Index 500
|
2.9
|
8.4
|
6.4
|
Extended Equity Market Index
|
17.5
|
17.3
|
11.2
|
Financial Services
|
113.4(a)
|
55.7
|
35.5
|
Global Technology
|
124.7
|
96.4
|
137.4
|
Growth & Income
|
50.7
|
52.1
|
36.4
|
Growth Stock
|
37.8
|
36.2
|
30.7
|
Health Sciences
|
48.8
|
55.7
|
44.1
|
Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value
|
145.2*
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond
|
3.2*
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional International Bond
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
(b)
|
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth
|
48.5
|
16.9
|
18.2
|
Institutional Large-Cap Growth
|
51.5
|
64.4
|
66.9
|
Institutional Large-Cap Value
|
24.5
|
24.0
|
18.8
|
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth
|
30.8
|
33.0
|
39.8
|
Institutional Small-Cap Stock
|
22.1
|
19.2
|
22.4
|
International Bond
|
120.8
|
103.7
|
69.7
|
Media & Telecommunications
|
55.4
|
77.8
|
107.6
|
Mid-Cap Growth
|
33.8
|
28.6
|
29.6
|
Mid-Cap Value
|
62.4
|
45.8
|
50.0
|
New America Growth
|
61.3
|
53.0
|
50.9
|
New Era
|
15.6
|
35.7
|
19.2
|
New Horizons
|
23.2
|
23.5
|
25.4
|
Real Estate
|
25.2
|
18.3
|
8.4
|
Science & Technology
|
101.3
|
59.2
|
54.5
|
Small-Cap Stock
|
20.0
|
20.4
|
18.3
|
Small-Cap Value
|
12.2
|
11.9
|
8.5
|
Spectrum Growth
|
7.6
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
Spectrum Income
|
12.5
|
40.3
|
8.2
|
Spectrum International
|
12.7
|
2.7
|
12.5
|
Total Equity Market Index
|
4.2
|
4.5
|
5.2
|
Value
|
9.6
|
19.4
|
17.0
|
PAGE 183
*Annualized.
(a)The increase in the fund`s portfolio turnover from 2005 to 2006 was primarily the result of changes in the fund`s portfolio holdings and structure initiated by the fund`s new portfolio manager.
(b)Prior to commencement of operations.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 100 East Pratt Street, Suite 1900, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is the independent registered public accounting firm to the funds.
The financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the funds included in each fund`s annual report are incorporated into this SAI by reference. A copy of the annual report of each fund with respect to which an inquiry is made will accompany this SAI.
Related Performance Information
The information set forth below shows historical total returns for the Non-U.S. Equity Core Composite. The composite is not a mutual fund. Rather, it is a collection of all the portfolios managed by T. Rowe Price International that have investment objectives, policies, and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock Fund.
The performance information is historical and should not be considered predictive of the fund`s future results.
Certain portfolios that may comprise the composite may not be mutual funds and thus will not be subject to the diversification requirements and other restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock Fund by the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the Internal Revenue Code which, if applicable, may have adversely affected the performance result.
As of December 31, 2006, there were two portfolios in the composite.
The following table shows return figures for the composite net of expenses of 1.15% which is the expected expense ratio of the fund. Because the expense ratio of the fund is higher than the expense ratio of the portfolios comprising the composite, the performance shown is lower than the actual returns of the composite.
Prior Performance of Similar Portfolios Managed by T. Rowe Price International
|
Periods ended December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
1 year
|
3 years
|
5 years
|
Since inception
(1/31/00)
|
Non-U.S. Equity Core Composite*
|
|
|
|
|
Average Annual
|
28.72%
|
21.62%
|
16.88%
|
7.05%
|
Cumulative
|
28.72
|
79.90
|
118.13
|
60.15
|
MSCI EAFE Index
|
|
|
|
|
Average Annual
|
26.86
|
20.41
|
15.43
|
5.87
|
Cumulative
|
26.86
|
74.57
|
104.91
|
48.32
|
*These figures reflect the prior performance of similar portfolios and are net of 1.15% expenses. Asset-weighted returns are calculated monthly. Each portfolio`s contribution to the composite for the month is calculated by multiplying the monthly portfolio return by the ratio of the portfolio`s beginning asset value as expressed as a percentage of the composite`s beginning asset value. Contributions for all portfolios are summed to determine the composite`s asset-weighted performance for the month. Monthly returns are subsequently linked to determine quarterly asset-weighted returns. This differs from the required SEC method for calculating mutual fund performance.
PAGE 185
PART II — TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Objectives and Policies
|
142
|
|
Dividends and Distributions
|
203
|
Risk Factors
|
142
|
|
Tax Status
|
203
|
Investment Program
|
161
|
|
Capital Stock
|
206
|
Derivative Investments
|
176
|
|
Organization of the Funds
|
211
|
Portfolio Management Practices
|
190
|
|
Proxy Voting — Process and Policies
|
212
|
Investment Restrictions
|
193
|
|
Federal Registration of Shares
|
214
|
Custodian
|
198
|
|
Legal Counsel
|
215
|
Code of Ethics
|
198
|
|
Ratings of Commercial Paper
|
215
|
Disclosure of Fund Portfolio Information
|
199
|
|
Ratings of Corporate and Municipal Debt Securities
|
215
|
Pricing of Securities
|
201
|
|
Ratings of Municipal Notes and Variable Rate Securities
|
217
|
Net Asset Value per Share
|
202
|
|
Index
|
218
|
PART II
Part II of this SAI describes risks, policies, and practices that apply to the funds in the T. Rowe Price family of funds.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The following information supplements the discussion of the funds` investment objectives and policies discussed in the funds` prospectuses. You should refer to each fund`s prospectus to determine the types of securities in which the fund invests. You will then be able to review additional information set forth herein on those types of securities and their risks.
Shareholder approval is required to substantively change fund objectives. Unless otherwise specified, the investment programs and restrictions of the funds are not fundamental policies. The funds` operating policies are subject to change by the funds` Boards without shareholder approval. The funds` fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the funds or, if it is less, 67% of the shares represented at a meeting of shareholders at which the holders of more than 50% of the shares are represented.
RISK FACTORS
Reference is also made to the sections entitled "Investment Program" and "Portfolio Management Practices" for discussions of the risks associated with the investments and practices described therein as they apply to the funds.
Risk Factors of Investing in Foreign Securities
General
Foreign securities include U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers.
There are special risks in foreign investing. Certain of these risks are inherent in any mutual fund investing in foreign securities while others relate more to the countries in which the funds will invest. Many of the risks are
more pronounced for investments in developing or emerging market countries, such as many of the countries of Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia. There is no universally accepted definition of a developing country.
Political and Economic Factors Individual foreign economies of some countries differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States` economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. The internal politics of some foreign countries are not as stable as in the United States. For example, in 1994-1995, the Mexican peso plunged in value, setting off a severe crisis in the Mexican economy. Asia is still coming to terms with its own crisis and recessionary conditions sparked by widespread currency weakness in late 1997. In 1998, there was substantial turmoil in markets throughout the world. In 1999, the democratically elected government of Pakistan was overthrown by a military coup. The Russian government also defaulted on all its domestic debt. In 2001, Argentina defaulted on its foreign-owned debt and had the peso devalued, resulting in the resignation of its president and deadly riots in December in response to government-mandated austerity measures. In addition, significant external political risks currently affect some foreign countries. Both Taiwan and China still claim sovereignty over one another and there is a demilitarized border and hostile relations between North and South Korea. In 2002, many countries throughout the world struggled economically in the face of a severe decline in the U.S. stock market, a weak American economy, threats of war, and terrorism. In 2003 and 2004, terrorism continued to create uncertainty in markets. In 2005, foreign markets were hindered by slowing global growth. War and terrorism affect many countries, especially those in Africa and the Middle East.
Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of dividends. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. The enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.
Currency Fluctuations Investments in foreign securities will normally be denominated in foreign currencies. American Depository Receipts ("ADRs") are investments in foreign companies but are denominated in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the funds` assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also affect the funds` income. Generally, when a given currency appreciates against the dollar (the dollar weakens), the value of the funds` securities denominated in that currency will rise. When a given currency depreciates against the dollar (the dollar strengthens), the value of the funds` securities denominated in that currency would be expected to decline.
Investment and Repatriation Restrictions Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions limit and, at times, preclude investment in such countries and increase the cost and expenses of the funds. Investments by foreign investors are subject to a variety of restrictions in many developing countries. These restrictions may take the form of prior governmental approval, limits on the amount or type of securities held by foreigners, and limits on the types of companies in which foreigners may invest. Additional or different restrictions may be imposed at any time by these or other countries in which the funds invest. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from several foreign countries is restricted and controlled under certain regulations, including in some cases the need for certain government consents. For example, capital invested in Chile normally cannot be repatriated for one year. In 1998, the government of Malaysia imposed currency controls which effectively made it impossible for foreign investors to convert Malaysian ringgits to foreign currencies.
Market Characteristics It is contemplated that most foreign securities will be purchased in over-the-counter markets or on securities exchanges located in the countries in which the respective principal offices of the issuers of the various securities are located, if that is the best available market. Investments in certain markets may be made through ADRs and Global Depository Receipts ("GDRs") traded in the United States or on foreign exchanges. Foreign securities markets are generally not as developed or efficient as, and more volatile than, those in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially less volume than U.S. markets and the funds` portfolio securities may be less liquid and subject to more rapid and erratic price movements than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Securities may trade at price/earnings multiples higher than comparable U.S. securities and such levels may not be sustainable. Commissions on foreign
PAGE 187
securities trades are generally higher than commissions on U.S. exchanges, and while there are an increasing number of overseas securities markets that have adopted a system of negotiated rates, a number are still subject to an established schedule of minimum commission rates. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. Moreover, settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences include delays beyond periods customary in the United States and practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which increase the likelihood of a "failed settlement." Failed settlements can result in losses to the funds.
Investment Funds The funds may invest in investment funds which have been authorized by the governments of certain countries specifically to permit foreign investment in securities of companies listed and traded on the stock exchanges in these respective countries. Investment in these funds is subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act. If the funds invest in such investment funds, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the fund (including operating expenses and the fees of the investment manager), but also will indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment funds. In addition, the securities of these investment funds may trade at a premium over their net asset value.
Information and Supervision There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to reports and ratings that are published about companies in the United States. Foreign companies are also generally not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices, and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. It also is often more difficult to keep currently informed of corporate actions which affect the prices of portfolio securities.
Taxes The dividends and interest payable on certain of the funds` foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the funds` shareholders.
Costs Investors should understand that the expense ratios of a fund investing primarily in foreign securities can be expected to be higher than investment companies investing in domestic securities, since the cost of maintaining the custody of foreign securities and the rate of advisory fees paid by the fund is higher.
Other With respect to certain foreign countries, especially developing and emerging ones, there is the possibility of adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of the funds, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect investments by U.S. persons in those countries.
Small Companies Small companies may have less experienced management and fewer management resources than larger firms. A smaller company may have greater difficulty obtaining access to capital markets and may pay more for the capital it obtains. In addition, smaller companies are more likely to be involved in fewer market segments, making them more vulnerable to any downturn in a given segment. Some of these factors may also apply, to a lesser extent, to medium-sized companies.
Emerging Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Political Instability Many formerly communist, eastern European countries have experienced significant political and economic reform in recent years, and the eastward expansion of the European Union could help anchor this reform process. However, the democratization process is still relatively new in a number of the smaller states and political turmoil and popular uprising remains a threat. Russia has made advances in establishing a new political outlook and a market economy, but the Russian president is constitutionally one of the most powerful leaders in the world and consequently political risk remains high. Many Middle Eastern economies have little or no democratic tradition and are led by family structures. Opposition parties are often banned, leading to dissidence and militancy. Despite a growing trend toward a democratic process, many African nations have a history of dictatorship, military intervention, and corruption. In all regions, such developments, if they were to reoccur, could reverse favorable trends toward economic and market reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities markets.
Foreign Currency Certain countries in the region may have managed currencies which are pegged to the U.S. dollar or the euro, rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency, which may, in turn, have a disruptive and negative effect on investors. An example would be the run on the Turkish lira in 2001. There is no significant foreign exchange market for
certain currencies, and it would, as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds` interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Energy/Resources Russia, the Middle East, and many African nations are highly reliant on income from oil sales. Oil prices can have a major impact on the domestic economy. Other commodities such as base and precious metals are also important to these economies. Fluctuating supply and demand can significantly impact the price of such commodities.
Latin America
Inflation Most Latin American countries have experienced, at one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain at lower levels.
Political Instability The political history of certain Latin American countries has been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such developments, if they were to reoccur, could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities markets.
Foreign Currency Certain Latin American countries may experience sudden and large adjustments in their currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. For example, in late 1994 the Mexican peso lost more than one-third of its value relative to the U.S. dollar. In 1999, the Brazilian real lost 30% of its value against the U.S. dollar. Certain Latin American countries may impose restrictions on the free conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for many currencies and it would, as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds` interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Sovereign Debt A number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing countries. There have been moratoria on, and reschedulings of, repayment with respect to these debts. Such events can restrict the flexibility of these debtor nations in the international markets and result in the imposition of onerous conditions on their economies.
Japan
Japan has experienced earthquakes and tidal waves of varying degrees of severity, and the risks of such phenomena, and damage resulting therefrom, continue to exist. Japan also has one of the world`s highest population densities. A significant percentage of the total population of Japan is concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya.
Economy The Japanese economy has shown signs over the past few years that it has emerged from a long period of stagnation resulting from troubles in its banking system and a rapid rise and decline in stock and property in the late 1980s. However, Japan`s large export sector has continued to play a prominent role in the country`s growth, and the recovery of domestic demand has remained more subdued. In recent years, Japanese interest rates have remained among the lowest in the world, and some have worried that the economy remains vulnerable to deflation, or a sustained decline in prices and incomes that discourages domestic consumption. Due in part to these low rates, the yen has remained relatively weak in comparison to the U.S. dollar.
Energy Japan has historically depended on oil for most of its energy requirements. Almost all of its oil is imported, the majority from the Middle East. In the past, oil prices have had a major impact on the domestic economy, but more recently Japan has worked to reduce its dependence on oil by encouraging energy conservation and use of alternative fuels. In addition, a restructuring of industry, with emphasis shifting from basic industries to processing and assembly type industries, has contributed to the reduction of oil consumption. However, there is no guarantee this favorable trend will continue.
Foreign Trade Overseas trade is important to Japan`s economy. Japan has few natural resources and must export to pay for its imports of these basic requirements. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly visible products such as automobiles, machine tools, and semiconductors and the large trade surpluses ensuing therefrom, Japan has had difficult relations with its trading partners, particularly the U.S. It is possible that trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could impact Japan adversely in both the short term and long term.
PAGE 189
Asia (ex-Japan)
Political Instability The political history of some Asian countries has been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such developments, if they continue to occur, could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers and result in significant disruption in securities markets.
Foreign Currency Certain Asian countries may have managed currencies which are maintained at artificial levels to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. For example, in 1997 the Thai baht lost 46.75% of its value against the U.S. dollar. Certain Asian countries also may restrict the free conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for certain currencies, and it would, as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds` interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Debt A number of Asian companies are highly dependent on foreign loans for their operation. In 1997, several Asian countries were forced to negotiate loans from the International Monetary Fund and others that impose strict repayment term schedules and require significant economic and financial restructuring.
Risk Factors of Investing in Taxable Debt Obligations
General
Yields on short-, intermediate-, and long-term securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and foreign exchange markets; the size of a particular offering; the maturity of the obligation; and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to carry higher yields and are generally subject to greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of funds investing in debt securities to achieve their investment objectives is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the funds invest to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due.
After purchase by the funds, a debt security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the funds. Neither event will require a sale of such security by the funds. However, such events will be considered in determining whether the funds should continue to hold the security. To the extent that the ratings given by Moody`s, S&P, or others may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, the funds will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for investments in accordance with the investment policies contained in the prospectus. The ratings of Moody`s, S&P, and others represent their opinions as to the quality of securities that they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality. When purchasing unrated securities, T. Rowe Price, under the supervision of the funds` Boards, determines whether the unrated security is of a quality comparable to that which the funds are allowed to purchase.
Full Faith and Credit Securities
Securities backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (for example, GNMA and U.S. Treasury securities) are generally considered to be among the most, if not the most, creditworthy investments available. While the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations continuously for the last 200 years, political events have, at times, called into question whether the United States would default on its obligations. Such an event would be unprecedented and there is no way to predict its results on the securities markets or the funds. However, it is very likely that default by the United States would result in losses to the funds.
Mortgage Securities
Mortgage-backed securities, including Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA") securities differ from conventional bonds in that principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. As a result, the holder of a mortgage-backed security (i.e., a fund) receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest, and may receive unscheduled principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Therefore, GNMA securities may not be an effective means of "locking in" long-
term interest rates due to the need for the funds to reinvest scheduled and unscheduled principal payments. The incidence of unscheduled principal prepayments is also likely to increase in mortgage pools owned by the funds when prevailing mortgage loan rates fall below the mortgage rates of the securities underlying the individual pool. The effect of such prepayments in a falling rate environment is to (1) cause the funds to reinvest principal payments at the then lower prevailing interest rate, and (2) reduce the potential for capital appreciation beyond the face amount of the security and adversely affect the return to the funds. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment such prepayments can be reinvested at higher prevailing interest rates which will reduce the potential effect of capital depreciation to which bonds are subject when interest rates rise. When interest rates rise and prepayments decline, GNMA securities become subject to extension risk or the risk that the price of the securities will fluctuate more. In addition, prepayments of mortgage securities purchased at a premium (or discount) will cause such securities to be paid off at par, resulting in a loss (gain) to the funds. T. Rowe Price will actively manage the funds` portfolios in an attempt to reduce the risk associated with investment in mortgage-backed securities.
The market value of adjustable rate mortgage securities ("ARMs"), like other U.S. government securities, will generally vary inversely with changes in market interest rates, declining when interest rates rise and rising when interest rates decline. Because of their periodic adjustment feature, ARMs should be more sensitive to short-term interest rates than long-term rates. They should also display less volatility than long-term mortgage-backed securities. Thus, while having less risk of a decline during periods of rapidly rising rates, ARMs may also have less potential for capital appreciation than other investments of comparable maturities. Interest rate caps on mortgages underlying ARMs may prevent income on the ARMs from increasing to prevailing interest rate levels and cause the securities to decline in value. In addition, to the extent ARMs are purchased at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and unscheduled principal prepayments may result in some loss of the holders` principal investment to the extent of the premium paid. On the other hand, if ARMs are purchased at a discount, both a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income that, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income.
High-Yield Securities
Special Risks of Investing in Junk Bonds The following special considerations are additional risk factors of funds investing in lower-rated securities.
Lower-Rated Debt Securities Market An economic downturn or increase in interest rates is likely to have a greater negative effect on this market, the value of lower-rated debt securities in the funds` portfolios, the funds` net asset value and the ability of the bonds` issuers to repay principal and interest, meet projected business goals, and obtain additional financing than on higher-rated securities. These circumstances also may result in a higher incidence of defaults than with respect to higher-rated securities. Investment in funds which invest in lower-rated debt securities is more risky than investment in shares of funds which invest only in higher-rated debt securities.
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes Prices of lower-rated debt securities may be more sensitive to adverse economic changes or corporate developments than higher-rated investments. Debt securities with longer maturities, which may have higher yields, may increase or decrease in value more than debt securities with shorter maturities. Market prices of lower-rated debt securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and may be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash. Where it deems it appropriate and in the best interests of fund shareholders, the funds may incur additional expenses to seek recovery on a debt security on which the issuer has defaulted and to pursue litigation to protect the interests of security holders of its portfolio companies.
Liquidity and Valuation Because the market for lower-rated securities may be thinner and less active than for higher-rated securities, there may be market price volatility for these securities and limited liquidity in the resale market. Nonrated securities are usually not as attractive to as many buyers as rated securities are, a factor which may make nonrated securities less marketable. These factors may have the effect of limiting the availability of the securities for purchase by the funds and may also limit the ability of the funds to sell such securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or in response to changes in the economy or the financial markets.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market. To the extent the funds
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own or may acquire illiquid or restricted lower-rated securities, these securities may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities, costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties. Changes in values of debt securities which the funds own will affect its net asset value per share. If market quotations are not readily available for the funds` lower-rated or nonrated securities, these securities will be valued by a method that the funds` Boards believe accurately reflects fair value. Judgment plays a greater role in valuing lower-rated debt securities than with respect to securities for which more external sources of quotations and last sale information are available.
Taxation Special tax considerations are associated with investing in lower-rated debt securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities. The funds accrue income on these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. The funds must distribute substantially all of its income to its shareholders to qualify for pass-through treatment under the tax laws and may, therefore, have to dispose of portfolio securities to satisfy distribution requirements.
Risk Factors of Investing in Municipal Securities
General
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligations, and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of all the funds to achieve their investment objectives is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the funds invest to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ratings of Moody`s, S&P, and Fitch IBCA, Inc. ("Fitch") represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. It should also be pointed out that, unlike other types of investments, offerings of municipal securities have traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that, in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
Proposals have been introduced in Congress to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities, and similar proposals may be introduced in the future. Proposed "Flat Tax" and "Value Added Tax" proposals would also have the effect of eliminating the tax preference for municipal securities. Some of the past proposals would have applied to interest on municipal securities issued before the date of enactment, which would have adversely affected their value to a material degree. If such a proposal were enacted, the availability of municipal securities for investment by the funds and the value of a fund`s portfolio would be affected and, in such an event, the funds would reevaluate their investment objectives and policies. Also, recent changes to tax laws broadly lowering tax rates, including lower tax rates on dividends and capital gains, could have a negative impact on the desirability of owning municipal securities.
Although the banks and securities dealers with which the funds will transact business will be banks and securities dealers that T. Rowe Price believes to be financially sound, there can be no assurance that they will be able to honor their obligations to the funds with respect to such transactions.
Municipal Bond Insurance The funds may purchase insured bonds from time to time. Municipal bond insurance provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee that the insured bond`s principal and interest will be paid when due. The guarantee is purchased from a private, nongovernmental insurance company.
There are two types of insured securities that may be purchased by the funds: bonds carrying either (1) new issue insurance; or (2) secondary insurance. New issue insurance is purchased by the issuer of a bond in order to improve the bond`s credit rating. By meeting the insurer`s standards and paying an insurance premium based
on the bond`s principal value, the issuer is able to obtain a higher credit rating for the bond. Once purchased, municipal bond insurance cannot be canceled, and the protection it affords continues as long as the bonds are outstanding and the insurer remains solvent.
The funds may also purchase bonds that carry secondary insurance purchased by an investor after a bond`s original issuance. Such policies insure a security for the remainder of its term. Generally, the funds expect that portfolio bonds carrying secondary insurance will have been insured by a prior investor. However, the funds may, on occasion, purchase secondary insurance on their own behalf.
Each of the municipal bond insurance companies has established reserves to cover estimated losses. Both the method of establishing these reserves and the amount of the reserves vary from company to company. The risk that a municipal bond insurance company may experience a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Municipal bond insurance companies are obligated to pay a bond`s interest and principal when due if the issuing entity defaults on the insured bond. Although defaults on insured municipal bonds have been low to date, there is no assurance this low rate will continue in the future. A higher than expected default rate could deplete loss reserves and adversely affect the ability of a municipal bond insurer to pay claims to holders of insured bonds, such as the funds.
High-Yield Securities Lower-quality bonds, commonly referred to as "junk bonds," are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer`s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Because investment in low- and lower-medium-quality bonds involves greater investment risk, to the extent the funds invest in such bonds, achievement of their investment objectives will be more dependent on T. Rowe Price`s credit analysis than would be the case if the funds were investing in higher-quality bonds. High-yield bonds may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than investment-grade bonds. A projection of an economic downturn or higher interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high-yield bond prices because the advent of such events could lessen the ability of highly leveraged issuers to make principal and interest payments on their debt securities. In addition, the secondary trading market for high-yield bonds may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade bonds, which can adversely affect the ability of the funds to dispose of their portfolio securities. Bonds for which there is only a "thin" market can be more difficult to value inasmuch as objective pricing data may be less available, and judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process.
Risk Factors of Investing in Taxable and Tax-Free Money Market Funds
The T. Rowe Price money market funds will limit their purchases of portfolio instruments to those U.S. dollar-denominated securities which the funds` Boards determine present minimal credit risk and which are eligible securities as defined in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Eligible securities are generally securities which have been rated (or whose issuer has been rated or whose issuer has comparable securities rated) in one of the two highest short-term rating categories (which may include sub-categories) by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ("NRSROs") or, in the case of any instrument that is not so rated, is of comparable high quality as determined by T. Rowe Price pursuant to written guidelines established under the supervision of the funds` Boards. In addition, the funds may treat variable and floating rate instruments with demand features as short-term securities pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.
There can be no assurance that the funds will achieve their investment objectives or be able to maintain their net asset values per share at $1.00. The price of the funds is not guaranteed or insured by the U.S. government and their yields are not fixed. While the funds invest in high-grade money market instruments, investment in the funds is not without risk even if all portfolio instruments are paid in full at maturity. An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the funds` portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates could increase the value.
State Tax-Free Funds
The following information about the state tax-free funds is updated in June of each year. More current information is available in shareholder reports for these funds.
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California Tax-Free Bond and California Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated With a California Portfolio
The funds` concentration in debt obligations of one state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is geographically diversified. In addition to state general obligations and notes, the funds will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds; the credit quality and risk will vary according to each security`s structure and underlying economics.
Debt The state, its agencies, and local governmental entities issued $48 billion of debt during 2006. Although this amount was down 16% from 2005`s level of $57 billion, accumulatively, California borrowers still lead the nation in amount of debt issued. California borrowers issued debt for a wide variety of purposes, including transportation, housing, education, electric power, and health care.
As of January 1, 2007, the state of California had approximately $49 billion in outstanding general obligation bonds secured by the state`s revenue and taxing power. An additional $72 billion in state general obligation debt remains authorized but unissued to comply with voter initiatives and legislative mandates. This amount includes $43 billion of bonds approved by the voters in November 2006. Debt service on roughly 4% of the state`s outstanding general obligation debt is met from revenue-producing projects such as water, harbor, and housing facilities. As part of its cash management program, the state regularly issues short-term notes to meet its disbursement requirements in advance of the receipt of revenues. During fiscal year 2007, the state issued $1.5 billion in short-term notes for this purpose, as compared with $3 billion in fiscal year 2006. The state supports $8 billion in lease-purchase obligations attributable to the State Public Works Board and other issuers. These obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state; rather, they are subject to annual appropriations from the state`s general fund.
In addition to the state obligations described above, bonds have been issued by special public authorities in California that are not obligations of the state. These include bonds issued by the California Housing Finance Agency, the Department of Water Resources, the Department of Veterans Affairs, California State University, and the California Transportation Commission.
Economy California`s economy is the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest in the world. California`s economy is extraordinarily diverse, broad, and resilient. The state`s population of 37 million as of July 1, 2006, grew by 1.3% from the prior year—better than the roughly 1% annual increases typically seen; it represents over 12% of the entire United States population. The state`s per capita personal income in 2005 exceeded the U.S. per capita average by almost 7%.
California`s economy suffered through a severe recession during the early 1990s but experienced a steady recovery from 1994 to 2000. While the state of California benefited disproportionately from the high-technology sector during the late 1990s, it also suffered greatly when this sector experienced a calamitous reversal in 2001. Exports from California ports fell by 14% in 2001 and by another 13% the following year while unemployment levels rose to 6.7% in 2002. The fallout from the "tech bust" also manifested itself in much lower personal income tax receipts at the state level as capital gains, bonuses, and option income dropped off. Recovery is evident in various statistics for the state: exports from California ports increased 8% in 2004 and another 6% in 2005. Furthermore, employment levels have risen an annual average of 1.1% between 2002 and 2006 (preliminary) while the unemployment rate fell to 4.8% for 2006. The level of economic activity within the state is important as it influences the growth or contraction of state and local government revenues available for operations and debt service.
In the recession of the 1990s, diminished economic activity and overbuilding in certain areas resulted in a contraction in real estate values. To date during this cycle, all urban areas have shown continued increases in property values. Still, declines in property values could still take place and would have a negative effect on the ability of local governments to meet their obligations. California is known for its high cost of housing relative to the rest of the country.
California is more prone to earthquakes than most other states, creating potential economic losses from damages. On January 17, 1994, a major earthquake, measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale, hit Southern California centered in the area of Northridge. Total damage was estimated at $20 billion, offset to an important extent by significant federal aid.
Legislative Due to the funds` concentration in the state of California and its municipal issuers, the funds may be affected by certain amendments to the California Constitution and state statutes that limit the taxing and spending authority of California governmental entities, thus affecting their ability to meet debt service obligations.
In 1978, California voters approved "Proposition 13," adding Article XIIIA to the state constitution which limits ad valorem taxes on real property to 1% of "full cash value" and restricts the ability of taxing entities to increase real property taxes. In subsequent actions, the state substantially increased its expenditures to provide assistance to its local governments to offset the losses in revenues and to maintain essential local services; in the early 1990s the state decreased local aid in response to its own fiscal pressures.
Another constitutional amendment, Article XIIIB, was passed by voters in 1979, prohibiting the state from spending revenues beyond its annually adjusted "appropriations limit." Any revenues exceeding this limit must be returned to the taxpayers as a revision in the tax rate or fee schedule over the following two years. Such a refund, in the amount of $1.1 billion, occurred in fiscal year 1987.
Proposition 218, the "Right to Vote on Taxes Act," was approved by voters in 1996. It further restricts the ability of local governments to levy and collect both existing and future taxes, assessments, and fees. In addition to further limiting the financial flexibility of local governments in the state, it also increases the possibility of voter-determined tax rollbacks and repeals. The interpretation and application of this proposition will ultimately be determined by the courts.
An effect of the tax and spending limitations in California has been a broad scale shift by local governments away from general obligation debt that requires voter approval and pledging future tax revenues toward lease revenue financing that is subject to abatement and does not require voter approval. Lease-backed debt is generally viewed as a less secure form of borrowing and therefore entails greater credit risk. Local governments also raise capital through the use of Mello-Roos, 1915 Act, and Tax Increment Bonds, all of which are generally riskier than general obligation debt as they often rely on tax revenues to be generated by future development for their support.
Proposition 98, enacted in 1988, changed the state`s method of funding education for grades below the university level. Under this constitutional amendment, the schools are guaranteed a minimum share of state general fund revenues. The major effect of Proposition 98 has been to restrict the state`s flexibility to respond to fiscal stress.
Future initiatives, if proposed and adopted, or future court decisions could create renewed pressure on California governments and their ability to raise revenues. The state and its underlying localities have displayed flexibility, however, in overcoming the negative effects of past initiatives.
Financial The dramatic downturn of the high-technology economy and the resultant plunge in state revenues placed the state`s budget under considerable strain. As mentioned above, the state`s general obligation bonds were downgraded multiple times during the 2001—2003 period, but were upgraded during 2004 and 2005. As of January 1, 2007, California`s debt remained one of the lowest rated of the 50 states.
Fiscal year 2001 was closed with an unrestricted general fund balance ("UGFB") of $4.2 billion. Much of this reserve was the result of explosive growth in income tax receipts from capital gains and bonus income. The combination of a slowing economy, falling equity markets, and the state`s progressive income tax structure led to a substantial drop in the UGFB to a negative $6.0 billion for fiscal year 2002 and a further drop to a negative $15.4 billion for fiscal year 2003. Through fund shifts, deficit bond proceeds, fee increases, a tax amnesty program, and lower aid to localities including primary and secondary education as well as improving economic conditions, fiscal year 2004 closed with an improved, albeit still negative, $3.2 billion UGFB. The state`s fiscal actions have historically been quite assertive and the consequences of these actions reach far beyond its own general obligation bond ratings as many state agencies and local governments depend upon state appropriations. Additionally, the state intends to repay its recently issued Economic Recovery Bonds, issued to help bridge the gap in revenues during 2003 and 2004, with local sales tax receipts. Though the state has promised to make up all revenues shifted from local governments, an inability or unwillingness to fully make up the amount would have a negative impact on local governments. During fiscal year 2005, improvement in California`s fiscal picture is evident as the state posted an UGFB of negative $1.4 billion. In fiscal year 2006, revenues are expected to
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exceed expenditures by $2 billion, but officials estimate out-year budget gaps of $7 billion and $1 billion which will need to be addressed in fiscal year 2007 and onward.
On December 6, 1994, Orange County filed for protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code after reports of significant losses in its investment pool. Upon restructuring, the realized losses in the pool were $1.6 billion or 21% of assets. More than 200 public entities, most but not all of which are located in Orange County, were also depositors in the pool. The county defaulted on a number of its debt obligations. The county emerged from bankruptcy on June 12, 1996. Through a series of long-term financings, it repaid most of its obligations to pool depositors and has become current on its public debt obligations. The balance of claims against the county are payable from any proceeds received from litigation against securities dealers and other parties. The county`s ratings were restored to investment grade in 1998 and were upgraded again during the 2000 to 2002 time frame.
In a ruling dating from December 2001, the Orange County Superior Court held that the Orange County assessor violated the 2% annual inflation adjustment provision of Proposition 13 by increasing the taxable value of a property by 4% following a decline in valuations. The case had been certified as a class action in Orange County, but local courts in other counties arrived at differing conclusions on similar issues in their counties. The case was appealed to the state`s Appellate Court. The Appellate Court held that the trial court erred in ruling that assessments are always limited to no more than 2% of the previous year`s levels. In 2004, the California Supreme Court denied a petition for review. As a result of this litigation, the "recapture" provision may be employed for property tax purposes.
Sectors Certain areas of potential investment concentration present unique risks. A significant portion of the fund`s assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten the length of patients` stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of many hospitals. While each hospital bond issue is separately secured by the individual hospital`s revenues, common to all hospitals is reliance to some degree on third-party reimbursement sources such as the federal Medicare and federal/state Medicaid programs as well as private insurers. An individual hospital may be affected to the extent these payors reduce their reimbursements.
The funds may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues. The financial performance of these utilities was impacted by the industry`s moves toward deregulation and increased competition. California`s electric utility restructuring plan, Assembly Bill 1890, permitted direct competition to be phased in between 1998 and 2002. This restructuring plan proved to be flawed as it placed over reliance on the spot market for power purchases during a period of substantial supply and demand imbalance. Municipal utilities, while not subject to the legislation, were faced with competitive market forces and worked to pro actively prepare for deregulation. Now that deregulation has been suspended, municipal utilities face a more traditional set of challenges. In particular, some electric revenue issuers have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuer`s financial performance. Risks include unexpected outages, plant shutdowns, and increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance.
The funds may invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied.
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated With a Georgia Portfolio
The fund`s concentration in the debt obligations of one state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is geographically diversified. In addition to State of Georgia general obligations and state agency issues, the fund will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds, the credit quality and risk of which will vary according to each security`s own structure and underlying economics.
Debt The State of Georgia and its local governments issued just over $7.5 billion in municipal bonds in 2006, a 5.6% increase over 2006. As of April 1, 2007, the state was rated Aaa by Moody`s and AAA by S&P and Fitch. The state`s rating outlook was stable for Moody`s and S&P. Fitch does not generally assign outlooks to state ratings.
The State of Georgia currently has net direct obligations of approximately $8.13 billion. In 1973, a Constitutional Amendment authorizing the issuance of state general obligation ("GO") bonds was implemented. Since the implementation of the amendment, the state has funded most of its capital needs through the issuance of GO bonds. Previously, capital requirements were funded through the issuance of bonds by 10 separate authorities and secured by lease rental agreements and annual state appropriations. Georgia`s Constitution permits the state to issue bonds for two types of public purposes: (1) general obligation debt and (2) guaranteed revenue debt. The Georgia Constitution imposes certain debt limits and controls. The state`s GO debt service cannot exceed 10% of total revenue receipts less refunds of the state treasury. The state`s GO bonds must have a maximum maturity of 25 years. On April 1, 2007, 67.7% of the state`s debt was scheduled to be amortized in 10 years or less. Maximum GO debt service requirements are well below the legal limit at 6.2% of fiscal year 2006 treasury receipts.
The state established "debt affordability" limits which provide that outstanding debt will not exceed 2.7% of personal income or that maximum annual debt service will not exceed 5% of the prior year`s revenues. The state`s near-term debt offerings are projected to maintain its total debt within these limits.
Economy The state`s economy has rebounded well from the national economic recession that began in 2001. The state`s financial performance in fiscal years 2005 and 2006 resulted in strong year-over-year revenue growth, leading to strong budget surpluses that were used to restore and strengthen the state`s Rainy Day Fund. Over the same time frame, the state`s job market experienced strong job growth, resulting in the state`s unemployment rate improving to 4.5% at the end of 2006 from 5.0% at the end of 2005. The services sector continues as the state`s leading employment sector at 37.4% of its total employment. The state`s other leading employment sectors include the trade sector at 21.3%, government at 16.3%, and manufacturing at 11.0%. The Atlanta metropolitan statistical area continues to serve as the state`s economic center, capturing approximately 56.6% of the state`s employment. This area includes Atlanta, the state`s capitol, and 20 surrounding counties. The next largest metropolitan statistical area is the Columbus-Muscogee area.
The state`s moderate cost of living and research centers provided by its colleges and universities continue to attract a very skilled labor force. The state`s unemployment rate is just above the US average. The state`s median household income levels are slightly above the U.S. average. The state`s income levels appear more favorable when taking into account costs of living and quality of life indicators.
Financial The creditworthiness of the portfolio is largely dependent on the financial strength of the State of Georgia and its localities. The state`s strong economic performance has translated into its strong financial performance and the accumulation of substantial reserves.
Through the first nine months of fiscal year 2007, the state`s revenue collections are up 5.8%, continuing to show signs of a strong economy. Despite the strong collections, the governor has continued to exhibit sound fiscal management by budgeting conservatively and rebuilding the state`s Rainy Day Fund with excess receipts.
A significant portion of the portfolio`s assets is expected to be invested in the debt obligations of local governments and public authorities with investment-grade ratings of BBB or higher. While local governments in Georgia are primarily reliant on independent revenue sources, such as property taxes, they are not immune to budget shortfalls caused by cutbacks in state aid. The fund may purchase obligations issued by public authorities in Georgia which are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state and may or may not be subject to annual appropriations from the state`s general fund. Likewise, certain enterprises such as water and sewer systems or hospitals may be affected by changes in economic activity.
Sectors Certain areas of potential investment concentration present unique risks. A significant portion of the fund`s assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten the length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of many hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement sources such as the federal Medicare and state Medicaid programs or private insurers. To the extent these payors reduce reimbursement levels, the individual hospitals may be affected. In the face of these pressures, the trend of hospital mergers and acquisitions has accelerated in recent years. These organizational changes present both risks and opportunities for the institutions involved.
The fund may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants that could affect issuers` financial performance. Such risks include unexpected outages or plant
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shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the electric utility industry.
The fund may invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied.
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond, Maryland Tax-Free Bond, and Maryland Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated With a Maryland Portfolio
The funds` concentration in the debt obligations of one state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified. In addition to state of Maryland general obligation bonds and debt issued by state agencies, the funds will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds; the credit quality and risk will vary according to each security`s own structure and underlying economics.
Debt The state of Maryland and its local governments issue two basic types of debt, with varying degrees of credit risk: general obligation bonds backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer and revenue bonds secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
The state of Maryland disclosed in its fiscal year 2006 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report ("CAFR"), dated June 30, 2006, that it had approximately $4.9 billion of general obligation bonds outstanding. As of March 14, 2007, general obligation debt of the state of Maryland was rated Aaa by Moody`s and AAA by S&P and Fitch. There is no general debt limit imposed by the state constitution or public general laws. The state constitution does, however, imposes a 15-year maturity limit on state general obligation bonds. Although voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1982 permitting the state to borrow up to $100 million in short-term notes in anticipation of taxes and revenues, the state has not made use of this authority.
Many agencies of the state government are authorized to borrow money under legislation which expressly provides that the loan obligations shall not be deemed to constitute debt or a pledge of the faith and credit of the state. The Community Development Administration of the Department of Housing and Community Development, the Maryland Water Quality Financing Administration of the Department of Environment, the Maryland State Lottery Agency, certain state higher education institutions, the Maryland Stadium Authority, the Maryland Food Center Authority, and the Maryland Environmental Service have issued bonds and have outstanding bonds of this type. The principal of and interest on bonds issued by these bodies are payable solely from pledged revenues, principally fees generated from use of the facilities, enterprises financed by the bonds, or other dedicated fees.
Economy The Maryland Board of Revenue Estimates reports that, according to several measures, the state`s economy outperformed the nation, even during the nationwide slowdown earlier this decade. That slowdown reduced employment and personal income growth. However, the extent of the reduction was not as severe in Maryland as in other states. One reason for this is Maryland`s limited exposure to the manufacturing sector, which had been hard hit by economic conditions. Maryland has participated strongly in the economic recovery.
Financial To a large degree, the risk of the portfolio is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of Maryland and its localities. The state continues to demonstrate a conservative approach to managing its finances but was not immune to the national economic downturn. Fiscal year 2003 concluded with a general fund operating deficit, and the general fund balance declined from $1.6 billion to $1.2 billion, representing a still solid 7% of general fund expenditures. Revenue growth had basically stalled and expenditures rose, primarily for Medicaid and education. Fiscal year 2004 showed better results as the economy lifted. Maryland`s general fund earned a 2% surplus in 2004. Fiscal years 2005 and 2006 showed even better results; Maryland`s general fund earned surpluses of 6% and 5%, respectively. The state`s reserve fund increased to $811 million as of June 30, 2006, a solid 6% of general fund revenue.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. A significant portion of the funds` assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of stays, a phenomenon which has negatively affected
the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms. At the present time, Maryland is the only state in which such reimbursement is determined by a state-administered set of rates and charges that applies to all payors. Under a federal waiver, Medicare reimburses Maryland hospitals according to this system rather than the Federal Diagnosis-Related Group system required elsewhere. In order to maintain this Medicare waiver, the cumulative rate of increase in Maryland hospital charges since the base year 1981 must remain below that of U.S. hospitals overall. Although in certain years the increase in Maryland hospital charges did exceed the national average, the cumulative rate of increase since the base year still remains below the national average. Any loss of the Medicare waiver in the future may have an adverse impact on the credit quality of Maryland hospitals.
The funds may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuer`s financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The funds may invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied.
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated With a New Jersey Portfolio
The fund`s concentration in the debt obligations of one state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified. In addition to state of New Jersey general obligation bonds and debt issued by state agencies, the fund will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds; the credit quality and risk will vary according to each security`s structure and underlying economics.
Debt The state of New Jersey and its local governments issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds, which are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer, and revenue bonds, which are secured by specific pledged fees or charges, often from a related project. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge. The credit risks of all debt forms vary with the obligation`s structure and ultimate obligor.
The state of New Jersey reported in its fiscal year 2006 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report ("CAFR") that it had closed fiscal year 2006, which ended June 30, 2006, with approximately $38.2 billion in long-term debt outstanding, representing an increase of approximately 17% over the previous year and continuing the state`s trend of significant annual debt issuance. This debt level yields a debt burden of about $3,752 debt per capita and ranks New Jersey among the most heavily indebted states. These debt figures include revenue bonds issued by the New Jersey Building Authority, the Garden State Preservation Trust, and the New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority, as well as annual appropriations for installment obligations, capital leases, and certificates of participation. The majority of the state`s debt is "appropriation-backed," meaning that debt service on such obligations must be appropriated annually by the legislature. Only $3.2 billion of the state`s outstanding debt was direct general obligation debt as of June 30, 2006.
Many agencies of the state government are authorized to borrow money under legislation that expressly provides that the loan obligations shall not be deemed to constitute debt or a pledge of the faith and credit of the state. The New Jersey Building Authority, New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority, New Jersey Economic Development Authority, New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority, New Jersey Health Care Facilities Financing Authority, New Jersey Highway Authority, New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Agency, New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, New Jersey Transit Corporation, and New Jersey Turnpike Authority are among the entities with outstanding bonds of this nature.
Economy New Jersey`s economic expansion continued in 2006, albeit at a slower pace than experienced in 2005. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the state`s annual unemployment rate increased slightly to 4.6% in 2006 from 4.5% in 2005 and remains above the low of 3.7% recorded in 2000. Personal income growth is also important to watch, as nearly all debt is paid from the income of state residents either directly or indirectly. Personal income grew an estimated 5.1% for the first quarter of 2006 and is expected to have
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maintained moderate growth throughout 2006. The state expects its economy to mirror the national trend in 2007, with momentum slowing as the housing sector begins to cool.
Financial To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolio is linked to the financial strength of the state of New Jersey and its localities. The state`s economy reached a recent low point in 2003, with recovery taking hold in 2004 and continuing through 2006. According to the 2006 CAFR, New Jersey ended fiscal year 2006 with a general fund net surplus of $1.2 billion, increasing the total ending fund balance to $4.4 billion. Within this fund balance, New Jersey`s designated xd4 rainy day` fund increased to $560 million, representing 2% of 2006 revenues. Total general fund revenues increased by $1.96 billion, although on a budgetary basis revenue collections were $2.5 below the final budget. While many of New Jersey`s integral revenue sources improved substantially in fiscal 2006, the overall rate of increase was lower than experienced in fiscal 2005. For example, gross income taxes, the state`s largest source of tax revenues, increased 10% in 2006 compared with a 29% increase in 2005.
Results are not currently available for fiscal year 2007, which will close on June 30, 2007. Governor Corzine delivered his budget proposal for fiscal year 2008 on February 22, 2007. Corzine`s proposal represents a spending increase of approximately 7% over the prior year`s budget but contains no tax increases. Last year, the fiscal 2007 budget process was highly contentious, resulting in a partial government shutdown until the budget was adopted several days beyond the statutory deadline of July 1.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. A significant portion of the fund`s assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten the length of patients` stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of many hospitals. While each hospital bond issue is separately secured by the individual hospital`s revenues, common to all hospitals is reliance to some degree on third-party reimbursement sources such as the federal Medicare and federal/state Medicaid programs as well as private insurers. An individual hospital may be affected to the extent these payors reduce their reimbursements.
The fund may invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuer`s financial performance. Such risks include increased regulation and associated expenses, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may deteriorate from increased competition and deregulation in the industry.
The fund may invest in private activity bond issues of corporate and nonprofit borrowers. These issues are sold through government conduits, such as the New Jersey Economic Development Authority and various local issuers, and are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied. In the past, a number of New Jersey Economic Development Authority issues have defaulted as a result of borrower financial difficulties.
The fund may participate in solid waste projects. Several billion dollars of bonds to fund incinerator and solid waste projects have been issued by a number of counties and utility authorities in the state. Various federal court decisions in the mid-1990s that struck down New Jersey`s system of solid waste flow control increases the potential risk of default for certain bonds. Although there is no legal obligation to do so, however, the state has provided funds for debt payments.
New York Tax-Free Bond and New York Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated With a New York Portfolio
In addition to state of New York general obligation bonds and debt issued by state agencies, the funds will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds; the credit quality and risk will vary according to each security`s own structure and underlying economics. Concentration in the debt obligations of one state translates into higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
The funds` ability to maintain credit quality is dependent upon the ability and willingness of New York issuers to meet their debt service obligations in a timely fashion. In 1975, the state, New York City, and other related issuers experienced serious financial difficulties that ultimately resulted in much lower credit ratings and an inability to access public debt markets. A series of fiscal reforms and an improved economic climate allowed these entities to return to financial stability by the early 1980s. Credit ratings were reinstated or raised and
access to the public credit markets was restored; in fact, New York City currently boasts its highest credit ratings in history. Today, the state and the city continue to face fiscal pressures and structural budget imbalances, which arise when recurring revenues are insufficient to cover projected expenses. Over the past few years, however, a gradual economic recovery has taken place, stimulated by steady job growth, a recovering financial services industry, and a strong New York City real estate market.
On September 11, 2001, hijackers piloted two passenger jetliners into the twin towers of the World Trade Center. The attack destroyed the World Trade Center, damaged nearby buildings, and caused significant loss of life. The economic dislocation to the state and especially to New York City was substantial. Various efforts are underway to encourage the redevelopment of downtown New York City, including the rebuilding of commercial and rental housing space. To date, there have been delays in the effort to rebuild xd4 ground zero,` the site of the twin towers. Tourism has recovered, with high hotel occupancy in the city. Nevertheless, some of the economic activity present before the attack may never return, as firms displaced by the event choose to relocate elsewhere or do not recover.
New York State
The state of New York disclosed in its fiscal year 2006 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report ("CAFR") that it had ended fiscal 2006, which closed on March 31, with a general fund net gain of $1.6 billion, representing 4% of revenues and increasing the total general fund balance to $2.2 billion. While New York`s primary tax receipts improved in 2006, the rate of increase was lower than experienced in fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2006, personal income tax receipts increased 10% to $30.8 billion and sales tax receipts increased 2% to $11.2 billion. Based on the most recent estimates, the state is expected to close fiscal 2007 with a general fund surplus of $1.5 billion, again supported by strong tax collections.
Newly elected Governor Eliot Spitzer presented his fiscal 2008 budget proposal on January 31, 2007. While the state legislature enacted on-time budgets for both fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2007, historically New York`s budget process has been highly contentious and politicized, often resulting in late budget adoption. In addition, the state continues to face significant outyear budget gaps, or potential deficits. If adopted in its current form, Governor Spitzer`s executive budget leaves future-year gaps of $2.3 billion in 2009, $4.5 billion in 2010 and $6.3 billion in 2011.
New York is one of the most highly indebted states in the nation. In its 2005 CAFR, the state reported $47.1 billion of total primary government debt, equal to approximately $2,440 debt per capita and down slightly (1%) from $47.5 billion of debt outstanding at the end of fiscal 2005. These debt figures include capital lease obligations, state-guaranteed tobacco settlement bonds, and other state-supported debt. The majority of the state`s debt is "appropriation-backed," meaning that debt service on such obligations must be appropriated annually by the legislature. Only $3.5 billion of the state`s outstanding debt was direct general obligation debt as of March 31, 2006.
Certain authorities are heavily reliant on annual direct state support, such as the Urban Development Corporation ("UDC"), a public benefit corporation now known as the Empire State Development Corporation. In February 1975, the UDC defaulted on approximately $1 billion of short-term notes. The default was ultimately cured by the creation of the Project Finance Authority, through which the state provided assistance to the UDC, including support for debt service. Since then, there have been no other defaults by state authorities.
To a large degree, the risk of the portfolio is dependent upon the economic health of the state of New York and its localities. The state`s economy had been showing signs of reduced growth due to the national economic slowdown even before the heinous terrorist acts of September 11, 2001. The state`s reliance on the securities industry served it well during the boom years of the late 1990s, but haunted it during the downsizing that began in 2001. Job and wage recovery took firm hold in 2004, however, and continued through 2006. New York`s annual unemployment rate declined to 4.5% in 2006 from 5.0% in 2005 and 5.8% in 2004. As the state`s economic expansion seems to have peaked, future job and economic growth is expected to moderate, remaining positive but potentially lagging the national growth trends.
New York City
As of March 15, 2007, the general obligation debt of the city was rated A1 by Moody`s, AA- by S&P, and A+ by Fitch. S&P`s rating reflects an upgrade that occurred in May 2006. The city`s credit ratings carry "stable" outlooks from all three agencies, and are the highest ratings New York City has ever attained.
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The financial problems of New York City were acute between 1975 and 1979, highlighted by a payment moratorium on the city`s short-term obligations. The city was placed under the oversight of the New York State Financial Control Board; this entity`s power to impose a "Control Period" upon the city expires July 1, 2008. The most important contribution to the city`s fiscal recovery was the creation of the Municipal Assistance Corporation ("MAC") for the city of New York. Backed by sales, use, stock transfer, and other taxes, MAC issued bonds and used the proceeds to purchase city bonds and notes. In October 2004, the state refunded the city`s outstanding MAC debt by issuing Sales Tax Asset Receivable bonds, effectively shifting the debt service obligation to the state and providing a major benefit to the city.
New York City has recovered strongly from the acute shock of the September 11 tragedy and the recent economic downturn. While the national housing slowdown has yet to materially affect the city, it is expected that the deceleration will reach NYC over the next few years. Tourism remains robust, and 2006 represented another record bonus pool for Wall Street, estimated at $24 billion. The city`s annual unemployment rate declined to 4.9% in 2006 from 5.8% in 2005, reaching its lowest level in at least 30 years.
New York City currently expects to close fiscal year 2007, which ends on June 30, with a large $3.9 billion surplus. This projected surplus is attributable to many factors, including another year of higher-than-anticipated tax revenues and the still-strong real estate market. Even as the housing sector cools, because most city real estate tax assessments are phased in over five years, today`s strong real estate market should contribute positively to the city`s finances for the next few years. Mayor Bloomberg`s proposed budget for fiscal 2008 totals $57.1 billion and takes advantage of the expected fiscal 2007 surplus by including approximately $1 billion in tax cuts.
Like the state, New York City continues to struggle with structural budget imbalance, causing large budget gaps in future years: current projections are for $2.6 billion for 2009, $3.7 billion for 2010, and $3.6 billion for 2011. While the city has a history of effectively managing these budget gaps, rising non-discretionary costs such as health care and employee pensions will pressure future budgets.
Sectors A significant portion of the fund`s assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten the length of patients` stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of many hospitals. While each hospital bond issue is separately secured by the individual hospital`s revenues, common to all hospitals is reliance to some degree on third-party reimbursement sources such as the federal Medicare and federal/state Medicaid programs as well as private insurers. An individual hospital may be affected to the extent these payors reduce their reimbursements.
The funds may invest in private activity bond issues issued by corporate and nonprofit borrowers. These issues, sold through various governmental conduits, are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied. Obligations issued in other states through similar conduits have defaulted in the past as a result of borrower financial difficulties.
The fund may invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuer`s financial performance. Such risks include increased regulation and associated expense, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may deteriorate from increased competition and deregulation in the industry.
Virginia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated With a Virginia Portfolio
The fund`s concentration in the debt obligations of one state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is geographically diversified. In addition to Commonwealth of Virginia general obligation and agency bond issues, the fund will invest in local bond issues, lease obligations, and revenue bonds; the credit quality and risk will vary according to each security`s own structure and underlying economics.
Debt The Commonwealth of Virginia and its local governments issued $7 billion of municipal bonds in 2006, including general obligation debt backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer and revenue bonds secured by specific pledged fees or charges for an enterprise or project. Included within the revenue bond category are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body to
meet debt service, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge. Debt issued in 2006 was for a wide variety of public purposes, including transportation, housing, education, health care, and industrial development.
As of June 30, 2006, the commonwealth of Virginia had $1.0 billion of outstanding general obligation bonds secured by the commonwealth`s revenue and taxing power, a modest amount compared with many other states. Under state law, general obligation debt is limited to 1.15 times the average of the preceding three years` income tax and sales and use tax collections. The commonwealth`s outstanding general obligation debt is well below that limit and approximately 31% of the debt service is actually met from revenue-producing capital projects at colleges and universities.
The commonwealth also supports $3.4 billion in debt issued by the Virginia Public Building Authority, the Commonwealth Transportation Board, the Virginia College Building Authority, the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park Authority, the Virginia Port Authority, and the Innovative Technology Authority. These bonds are not backed by the full faith and credit of the commonwealth but instead are subject to annual appropriations from the commonwealth`s general fund.
In addition to the commonwealth and public authorities described above, an additional $1.2 billion in moral obligation bonds has been issued by the Virginia Public School Authority, the Virginia Resources Authority, and the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Another $10.5 billion of debt outstanding at several other authorities is partially secured by a contingent appropriation in the event pledged revenues are insufficient to cover debt service.
Economy The Commonwealth of Virginia has a population of approximately 7.6 million, making it the twelfth largest state. Since the 1930s the commonwealth`s population has grown at a rate near or exceeding the national average. Stable to strong economic growth since the 1990s has been led by the Northern Virginia area outside of Washington, D.C., where nearly a third of the commonwealth`s population is concentrated. The next largest metropolitan area is the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News area, followed by the Richmond area, which includes the capital, Richmond. The commonwealth`s economy is broadly based, with a large concentration in service and governmental jobs, followed by education, health, and manufacturing. Virginia has significant concentrations of high-technology employers, predominantly in Northern Virginia. Per capita income exceeds national averages while unemployment figures have consistently tracked below national averages.
Financial To a large degree, the risk of the portfolio is dependent on the financial strength of the commonwealth of Virginia and its localities. Virginia is rated Aaa by Moody`s and AAA by S&P and Fitch. Moody`s, S&P, and Fitch maintain stable outlooks. In May 2004, Moody`s revised its outlook back to stable from negative, where it had been since December 2001. The negative outlook reflected Virginia`s sizable budget gaps brought about by slowing revenues and rising expenditures during the recession. Governor Warner and the Virginia Assembly closed this budget gap by cutting expenditures and allowing transfers from the Revenue Stabilization Fund. In addition, the car tax relief program was frozen at 70%. The Revenue Stabilization Fund is specifically earmarked to cushion against such a slowdown. In May 2004, Virginia`s General Assembly and the Governor passed a balanced budget with an estimated $1.6 billion revenue enhancement package and, as a result, Moody`s returned Virginia`s outlook to stable and took it off Watch list.
The commonwealth`s budget is prepared on a biennial basis. From 1970 through 2000, the general fund showed a positive balance for all of its two-year budgetary periods. The national recession and its negative effects on Virginia`s personal income tax collections did, however, force the commonwealth to draw down its general fund balances in 1992, 2001, 2002, and 2003. In fiscal year 2004, with the recession lifted, Virginia`s general fund earned a healthy surplus of $555 million or 5% of revenues as revenues outpaced the prior year by 10% and expenditures were held flat. Healthy surpluses were earned in 2005 and 2006 as well; $756 million was earned in fiscal year 2005, representing 5% of revenues and $1.0 billion was earned in fiscal year 2006, representing 7% of revenues. On June 30, 2006, the Revenue Stabilization Fund totaled $1.1 billion, representing 7% of revenues.
A significant portion of the fund`s assets is expected to be invested in the debt obligations of local governments and public authorities with investment-grade ratings of BBB or higher. While local governments in Virginia are primarily reliant on independent revenue sources such as property taxes, they are not immune to budget shortfalls caused by cutbacks in state aid. Likewise, certain enterprises such as toll roads or hospitals may be affected by changes in economic activity.
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Sectors Certain areas of potential investment concentration present unique risks. A significant portion of the fund`s assets may be invested in health care issues. For over a decade, the hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten the length of patients` stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of many hospitals. While each hospital bond issue is separately secured by the individual hospital`s revenues, common to all hospitals is reliance to some degree on third-party reimbursement sources such as the federal Medicare and federal/state Medicaid programs as well as private insurers. An individual hospital may be affected to the extent these payors reduce their reimbursements.
The fund may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuer`s financial performance. Such risks include unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief.
The fund may invest in private activity bond issues of corporate and nonprofit borrowers. These issues sold through various governmental conduits are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is implied.
All State Tax-Free Funds
Puerto Rico From time to time, the funds invest in obligations of Puerto Rico and its public corporations, which are exempt from federal, state, and local income taxes. As of March 15, 2007, the general obligation debt of the Commonwealth was rated Baa 3 by Moody`s and BBB by S&P. Both agencies have assigned a negative outlook to the ratings. The action reflects their concerns regarding a weak economy, structural budget imbalance, rising debt burden and insufficient reform measures.
Debt As of December 31, 2006, debt outstanding of Puerto Rico borrowers totaled approximately $46 billion. This includes bonds supported by the Commonwealth`s general obligation pledge, appropriations or guaranteed; public corporations such as highways, water and sewer, and electric power, among others, and municipalities. Though different measures suggest Puerto Rico`s debt burden is high relative to a U.S. state, the Commonwealth issues or supports bonds on behalf of municipalities and other governmental units. In many cases, this type of debt would be issued by local government or public agencies independent entities in the U.S. One measure to monitor the Commonwealth debt levels is by comparing the rate of growth of its debt to the rate of growth of its gross domestic product ("GDP"). For the five-year period ended in June 2005, total debt increased by 46% whereas GDP rose by 19%.
Economy Puerto Rico`s economy is closely linked to the United States as 45% of all imports were from and 83% of all exports were to the U.S. and 50% of Puerto Rico imports were from the U.S. Manufacturing, especially of pharmaceuticals, is very important to the local economy. Manufacturing accounts for 40% of GDP (2005) and 11% (2006) of non farm payroll employment. Total employment in the manufacturing sector declined 10% between 2002—2006 to 112,000. Many of the job losses were in labor-intensive industries such as textiles, tuna canning, and leather products, as jobs in this sector shift to more capital-intensive and skilled positions. The service sector is also key and represents 40% of GDP and 51% of employment. Tourism, in particular, is important to the Commonwealth as San Juan is the largest homeport for cruise ships in the Caribbean and one of the largest in the world. Visitors` expenditures increased 4.4% annually between 2001 and 2005 and accounted for 3.9% of the Commonwealth`s GDP. The prominence of tourism, however, represents another risk factor. After the September 11, 2001 tragedy, for example, visitor expenditures dropped nearly 10% in 2002.
For many years, U.S. companies operating in Puerto Rico were eligible to receive a special tax treatment. Since 1976, Section 936 of the U.S. tax code entitled certain corporations to credit income derived from business activities in the Commonwealth against their United States corporate income tax and spurred significant expansion in capital intensive manufacturing, particularly large pharmaceutical firms. The tax benefits, however, are being eliminated beginning with the 2006 tax year. While the ultimate impact of the phase outs over the short and long terms cannot be determined, preliminary indications are that major pharmaceutical, instrument, and electronic manufacturing firms have not exited the market, and that over 120 firms have taken advantage of the commonwealth`s replacement tax incentives.
Financial Government officials estimated that General Fund expenditures were $9.6 billion in fiscal year 2006, while revenues were only $8.5 billion, producing a budget gap of $1 billion. The deficit was funded by a loan from the Government Development Bank and local financial institutions. Officials have implemented various fiscal and tax reforms including a sales tax that became effective in November 2006, various expenditure
constraints and restructuring the debt, among others. The budget gap for fiscal year 2007 is estimated to be $160 million. However, officials will likely have to continue to address the Commonwealth`s financial position over the next few years.
INVESTMENT PROGRAM
Types of Securities
Set forth below is additional information about certain of the investments described in the funds` prospectuses.
Debt Securities
U.S. Government Obligations Bills, notes, bonds, and other debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. These are direct obligations of the U.S. government and differ mainly in the length of their maturities.
U.S. Government Agency Securities Issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and federal agencies. These include securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae" or "FNMA"), GNMA, Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Land Banks, Farmers Home Administration, Banks for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Farm Credit Banks, the Small Business Association, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; the remainder are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality, which may or may not include the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury.
Bank Obligations Certificates of deposit, banker`s acceptances, and other short-term debt obligations. Certificates of deposit are short-term obligations of commercial banks. A banker`s acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with international commercial transactions. Certificates of deposit may have fixed or variable rates. The funds may invest in U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks, U.S. branches of foreign banks, and foreign branches of foreign banks.
Savings and Loan Obligations Negotiable certificates of deposit and other short-term debt obligations of savings and loan associations.
Supranational Agencies Securities of certain supranational entities, such as the International Development Bank.
Corporate Debt Securities Outstanding corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures). Corporate notes may have fixed, variable, or floating rates.
Short-Term Corporate Debt Securities Outstanding nonconvertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) which have one year or less remaining to maturity. Corporate notes may have fixed, variable, or floating rates.
Commercial Paper and Commercial Notes Short-term promissory notes issued by corporations primarily to finance short-term credit needs. Certain notes may have floating or variable rates and may contain options, exercisable by either the buyer or the seller, that extend or shorten the maturity of the note.
Foreign Government Securities Issued or guaranteed by a foreign government, province, instrumentality, political subdivision, or similar unit thereof.
Funding Agreements Obligations of indebtedness negotiated privately between the funds and an insurance company. Often such instruments will have maturities with unconditional put features, exercisable by the funds, requiring return of principal within one year or less.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Mortgage-Related Securities
Mortgage-Backed Securities Mortgage-backed securities are securities representing an interest in a pool of mortgages. The mortgages may be of a variety of types, including adjustable rate, conventional 30-year and 15-year fixed rate, and graduated payment mortgages. Principal and interest payments made on the mortgages in the underlying mortgage pool are passed through to the funds. This is in contrast to traditional bonds where
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principal is normally paid back at maturity in a lump sum. Unscheduled prepayments of principal shorten the securities` weighted average life and may lower their total return. (When a mortgage in the underlying mortgage pool is prepaid, an unscheduled principal prepayment is passed through to the funds. This principal is returned to the funds at par. As a result, if a mortgage security were trading at a premium, its total return would be lowered by prepayments, and if a mortgage security were trading at a discount, its total return would be increased by prepayments.) The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the market`s perception of the creditworthiness of the federal agency that issued them. In addition, the mortgage securities market in general may be adversely affected by changes in governmental regulation or tax policies.
U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities These are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, such as GNMA, FNMA, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" or "FHLMC"), and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ("Farmer Mac" or "FAMC"). FNMA, FHLMC, and FAMC obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as GNMA certificates are, but they are supported by the instrumentality`s right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Certificates provide for the pass-through to investors of their pro-rata share of monthly payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and the servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. Each of GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC, and FAMC guarantees timely distributions of interest to certificate holders. GNMA and FNMA guarantee timely distributions of scheduled principal. FHLMC has in the past guaranteed only the ultimate collection of principal of the underlying mortgage loan; however, FHLMC now issues mortgage-backed securities (FHLMC Gold PCS) which also guarantee timely payment of monthly principal reductions.
GNMA Certificates GNMA is a wholly owned corporate instrumentality of the United States within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the "Housing Act"), authorizes GNMA to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration under the Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 ("FHA Loans"), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs under the Servicemen`s Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended ("VA Loans"), or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. The Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is pledged to the payment of all amounts that may be required to be paid under any guaranty. In order to meet its obligations under such guaranty, GNMA is authorized to borrow from the U.S. Treasury with no limitations as to amount.
FNMA Certificates FNMA is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act of 1938. FNMA Certificates represent a pro-rata interest in a group of mortgage loans purchased by FNMA. FNMA guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on the securities it issues. The obligations of FNMA are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
FHLMC Certificates FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended ("FHLMC Act"). FHLMC Certificates represent a pro-rata interest in a group of mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees timely payment of interest and principal on certain securities it issues and timely payment of interest and eventual payment of principal on other securities it issues. The obligations of FHLMC are obligations solely of FHLMC and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
FAMC Certificates FAMC is a federally chartered instrumentality of the United States established by Title VIII of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended ("Charter Act"). FAMC was chartered primarily to attract new capital for financing of agricultural real estate by making a secondary market in certain qualified agricultural real estate loans. FAMC provides guarantees of timely payment of principal and interest on securities representing interests in, or obligations backed by, pools of mortgages secured by first liens on agricultural real estate. Similar to FNMA and FHLMC, FAMC Certificates are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government; rather, FAMC may borrow from the U.S. Treasury to meet its guaranty obligations.
As discussed above, prepayments on the underlying mortgages and their effect upon the rate of return of a mortgage-backed security is the principal investment risk for a purchaser of such securities, like the funds. Over time, any pool of mortgages will experience prepayments due to a variety of factors, including (1) sales of the
underlying homes (including foreclosures), (2) refinancings of the underlying mortgages, and (3) increased amortization by the mortgagee. These factors, in turn, depend upon general economic factors, such as level of interest rates and economic growth. Thus, investors normally expect prepayment rates to increase during periods of strong economic growth or declining interest rates, and to decrease in recessions and rising interest rate environments. Accordingly, the life of the mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially shorter than the stated maturity of the mortgages in the underlying pool. Because of such variation in prepayment rates, it is not possible to predict the life of a particular mortgage-backed security, but FHA statistics indicate that 25- to 30-year single family dwelling mortgages have an average life of approximately 12 years. The majority of GNMA Certificates are backed by mortgages of this type, and, accordingly, the generally accepted practice treats GNMA Certificates as 30-year securities which prepay in full in the 12th year. FNMA and FHLMC Certificates may have differing prepayment characteristics.
Fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities bear a stated "coupon rate" which represents the effective mortgage rate at the time of issuance, less certain fees to GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC for providing the guarantee, and the issuer for assembling the pool and for passing through monthly payments of interest and principal.
Payments to holders of mortgage-backed securities consist of the monthly distributions of interest and principal less the applicable fees. The actual yield to be earned by a holder of mortgage-backed securities is calculated by dividing interest payments by the purchase price paid for the mortgage-backed securities (which may be at a premium or a discount from the face value of the certificate).
Monthly distributions of interest, as contrasted to semiannual distributions which are common for other fixed interest investments, have the effect of compounding and thereby raising the effective annual yield earned on mortgage-backed securities. Because of the variation in the life of the pools of mortgages which back various mortgage-backed securities, and because it is impossible to anticipate the rate of interest at which future principal payments may be reinvested, the actual yield earned from a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities will differ significantly from the yield estimated by using an assumption of a certain life for each mortgage-backed security included in such a portfolio as described above.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") CMOs are bonds that are collateralized by whole loan mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. The bonds issued in a CMO deal are divided into groups, and each group of bonds is referred to as a "tranche." Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the CMO bondholders. The bonds issued under such a CMO structure are retired sequentially as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in traditional pass-through obligations. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. Under the CMO structure, the repayment of principal among the different tranches is prioritized in accordance with the terms of the particular CMO issuance. The "fastest-pay" tranche of bonds, as specified in the prospectus for the issuance, would initially receive all principal payments. When that tranche of bonds is retired, the next tranche, or tranches, in the sequence, as specified in the prospectus, receive all of the principal payments until they are retired. The sequential retirement of bond groups continues until the last tranche, or group of bonds, is retired. Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long maturity, monthly pay collateral to formulate securities with short, intermediate, and long final maturities and expected average lives.
In recent years, new types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating-rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds, and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these new structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the funds invest, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-related securities.
The primary risk of any mortgage security is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows. For CMOs, the primary risk results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the deal (priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) will affect the yield, average life, and price of CMOs. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other securities.
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U.S. Government Agency Multi-Class Pass-Through Securities Unlike CMOs, U.S. Government Agency Multi-Class Pass-Through Securities, which include FNMA Guaranteed Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Pass-Through Certificates and FHLMC Multi-Class Mortgage Participation Certificates, are ownership interests in a pool of mortgage assets. Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs include multi-class pass-through securities.
Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities Such securities represent interests in pools of mortgage loans to residential home buyers made by commercial banks, savings and loan associations, or other financial institutions. Unlike GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC securities, the payment of principal and interest on Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities is not guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. Accordingly, yields on Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities have been historically higher than the yields on U.S. government mortgage securities. However, the risk of loss due to default on such instruments is higher since they are not guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies. Additionally, pools of such securities may be divided into senior or subordinated segments. Although subordinated mortgage securities may have a higher yield than senior mortgage securities, the risk of loss of principal is greater because losses on the underlying mortgage loans must be borne by persons holding subordinated securities before those holding senior mortgage securities.
Privately Issued Mortgage-Backed Certificates These are pass-through certificates issued by nongovernmental issuers. Pools of conventional residential or commercial mortgage loans created by such issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payment. Timely payment of interest and principal of these pools is, however, generally supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool, and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurance, or the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the funds` quality standards. The funds may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the poolers, the investment manager determines that the securities meet the funds` quality standards.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities These instruments are a type of potentially high-risk derivative. They represent interests in a pool of mortgages, the cash flow of which has been separated into its interest and principal components. Interest only securities ("IOs") receive the interest portion of the cash flow while principal only securities ("POs") receive the principal portion. IOs and POs are usually structured as tranches of a CMO. Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities may be issued by U.S. government agencies or by private issuers similar to those described above with respect to CMOs and privately issued mortgage-backed certificates. As interest rates rise and fall, the value of IOs tends to move in the same direction as interest rates. The value of the other mortgage-backed securities described herein, like other debt instruments, will tend to move in the opposite direction compared to interest rates. Under the Code, POs may generate taxable income from the current accrual of original issue discount, without a corresponding distribution of cash to the funds.
The cash flows and yields on IO and PO classes are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. In the case of IOs, prepayments affect the amount, but not the timing, of cash flows provided to the investor. In contrast, prepayments on the mortgage pool affect the timing, but not the amount, of cash flows received by investors in POs. For example, a rapid or slow rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the prices of IOs or POs, respectively. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, investors may fail to fully recoup their initial investment in an IO class of a stripped mortgage-backed security, even if the IO class is rated AAA or Aaa or is derived from a full faith and credit obligation. Conversely, if the underlying mortgage assets experience slower than anticipated prepayments of principal, the price on a PO class will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.
The staff of the SEC has advised the funds that it believes the funds should treat IOs and POs, other than government-issued IOs or POs backed by fixed-rate mortgages, as illiquid securities and, accordingly, limit their investments in such securities, together with all other illiquid securities, to 15% of the funds` net assets. Under the staff`s position, the determination of whether a particular government-issued IO or PO backed by fixed-rate mortgages is liquid may be made on a case by case basis under guidelines and standards established by the funds` Boards. The funds` Boards have delegated to T. Rowe Price the authority to determine the liquidity of
these investments based on the following guidelines: the type of issuer; type of collateral, including age and prepayment characteristics; rate of interest on coupon relative to current market rates and the effect of the rate on the potential for prepayments; complexity of the issue`s structure, including the number of tranches; and size of the issue and the number of dealers who make a market in the IO or PO.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities ("ARMs") ARMs, like fixed-rate mortgages, have a specified maturity date, and the principal amount of the mortgage is repaid over the life of the mortgage. Unlike fixed-rate mortgages, the interest rate on ARMs is adjusted at regular intervals based on a specified, published interest rate "index" such as a Treasury rate index. The new rate is determined by adding a specific interest amount, the "margin," to the interest rate of the index. Investment in ARM securities allows the funds to participate in changing interest rate levels through regular adjustments in the coupons of the underlying mortgages, resulting in more variable current income and lower price volatility than longer-term fixed-rate mortgage securities. ARM securities are a less effective means of locking in long-term rates than fixed-rate mortgages since the income from adjustable rate mortgages will increase during periods of rising interest rates and decline during periods of falling rates.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities Governmental, government-related, or private entities may create mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments, that is, mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may differ from customary long-term fixed-rate mortgages. As new types of mortgage-related securities are developed and offered to investors, the investment manager will, consistent with the funds` objectives, policies, and quality standards, consider making investments in such new types of securities.
Asset-Backed Securities
Background The asset-backed securities ("ABS") market has been one of the fastest growing sectors of the U.S. fixed-income market since its inception in late 1985. Although initial ABS transactions were backed by auto loans and credit card receivables, today`s market has evolved to include a variety of asset types including home equity loans, student loans, equipment leases, stranded utility costs, and collateralized bond/loan obligations. For investors, securitization typically provides an opportunity to invest in high-quality securities with higher credit ratings and less downgrade/event risk than corporate bonds. Unlike mortgages, prepayments on ABS collateral are less sensitive to changes in interest rates. They can also be structured into classes that meet the market`s demand for various maturities and credit quality.
Structure Asset-backed securities are bonds that represent an ownership interest in a pool of receivables sold by originators into a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The collateral types can vary, so long as they are secured by homogeneous assets with relatively predictable cash flows. Assets that are transferred through a sale to a special purpose vehicle are legally separated from those of the seller/servicer, which insulates investors from bankruptcy or other event risk associated with the seller/servicer of those assets. Most senior tranches of ABS are structured to a triple-A rated level through credit enhancement; however, ABS credit ratings range from AAA to non-investment-grade. Many ABS transactions are structured to include payout events/performance triggers which provide added protection against deteriorating credit quality.
ABS structures are generally categorized by two distinct types of collateral. Amortizing assets (such as home equity loans, auto loans, and equipment leases) typically pass through principal and interest payments directly to investors, while revolving assets (such as credit card receivables, home equity lines of credit, and dealer floor-plan loans) typically reinvest principal and interest payments in new collateral for a specified period of time. The majority of amortizing transactions are structured as straight sequential-pay transactions. In these structures, all principal amortization and prepayments are directed to the shortest maturity class until it is retired, then to the next shortest class and so on. The majority of revolving assets are structured as bullets, whereby investors receive periodic interest payments and only one final payment of principal at maturity.
Underlying Assets The asset-backed securities that may be purchased include securities backed by pools of mortgage-related receivables known as home equity loans, or of consumer receivables such as automobile loans or credit card loans. Other types of ABS may also be purchased. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit support provided to the securities. The rate of principal payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets, which
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in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a result, the yield and return on any asset-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual return or yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated return or yield to maturity.
Methods of Allocating Cash Flows While some asset-backed securities are issued with only one class of security, many asset-backed securities are issued in more than one class, each with different payment terms. Multiple class asset-backed securities are issued for two main reasons. First, multiple classes may be used as a method of providing credit support. This is accomplished typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the asset-backed security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes. Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates, or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Asset-backed securities in which the payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different than those described above may be issued in the future. The funds may invest in such asset-backed securities if the investment is otherwise consistent with the fund`s investment objectives, policies, and restrictions.
Types of Credit Support Asset-backed securities are typically backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a diversified pool of numerous obligors. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on the ability of underlying assets to make payments, such securities may contain elements of credit support. Such credit support falls into two classes: liquidity protection and protection against ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that scheduled payments on the underlying pool are made in a timely fashion. Protection against ultimate default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies, or letters of credit obtained from third parties, "external credit enhancement", through various means of structuring the transaction, "internal credit enhancement", or through a combination of such approaches. Examples of asset-backed securities with credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include:
Excess Spread Typically, the first layer of protection against losses, equal to the cash flow from the underlying receivables remaining after deducting the sum of the investor coupon, servicing fees, and losses.
Subordination Interest and principal that would have otherwise been distributed to a subordinate class is used to support the more senior classes. This feature is intended to enhance the likelihood that the holder of the senior class certificate will receive regular payments of interest and principal. Subordinate classes have a greater risk of loss than senior classes.
Reserve Funds Cash that is deposited and/or captured in a designated account that may be used to cover any shortfalls in principal, interest, or servicing fees.
Overcollateralization A form of credit enhancement whereby the principal amount of collateral used to secure a given transaction exceeds the principal of the securities issued. Overcollateralization can be created at the time of issuance or may build over time.
Surety Bonds Typically consist of third party guarantees to irrevocably and unconditionally make timely payments of interest and ultimate repayment of principal in the event there are insufficient cash flows from the underlying collateral.
The degree of credit support provided on each issue is based generally on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with such payments. Depending upon the type of assets securitized, historical information on credit risk and prepayment rates may be limited or even unavailable. Delinquency or loss in excess of that anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in an asset-backed security. There is no guarantee that the amount of any type of credit enhancement available will be sufficient to protect against future losses on the underlying collateral.
Some of the specific types of ABS that the funds may invest in include the following:
Home Equity Loans These ABS typically are backed by pools of mortgage loans made to subprime borrowers or borrowers with blemished credit histories. The underwriting standards for these loans are more flexible than the standards generally used by banks for borrowers with non-blemished credit histories with regard to the borrower`s credit standing and repayment ability. Borrowers who qualify generally have impaired credit histories, which may include a record of major derogatory credit items such as outstanding judgments or prior
bankruptcies. In addition, they may not have the documentation required to qualify for a standard mortgage loan.
As a result, the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are likely to experience rates of delinquency, foreclosure, and bankruptcy that are higher, and that may be substantially higher, than those experienced by mortgage loans underwritten in a more traditional manner. Furthermore, changes in the values of the mortgaged properties, as well as changes in interest rates, may have a greater effect on the delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy, and loss experience of the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool than on mortgage loans originated in a more traditional manner.
With respect to first lien mortgage loans, the underwriting standards do not prohibit a mortgagor from obtaining, at the time of origination of the originator`s first lien mortgage loan, additional financing which is subordinate to that first lien mortgage loan, which subordinate financing would reduce the equity the mortgagor would otherwise appear to have in the related mortgaged property as indicated in the loan-to-value ratio.
Risk regarding mortgage rates
The pass-through rates on the adjustable-rate certificates may adjust monthly and are generally based on one-month LIBOR. The mortgage rates on the mortgage loans are either fixed or adjusted semiannually based on six-month LIBOR, which is referred to as a mortgage index. Because the mortgage index may respond to various economic and market factors different than those affecting one-month LIBOR, there is not necessarily a correlation in the movement between the interest rates on those mortgage loans and the pass-through rates of the adjustable rate certificates. As a result, the interest payable on the related interest-bearing certificates may be reduced because of the imposition of a pass-through rate cap called the "net rate cap".
Yield and reinvestment could be adversely affected by unpredictability of prepayments
No one can accurately predict the level of prepayments that an asset-backed mortgage pool may experience. Factors which influence prepayment behavior include general economic conditions, the level of prevailing interest rates, the availability of alternative financing, the applicability of prepayment charges, and homeowner mobility. Reinvestment risk results from a faster or slower rate of principal payments than expected. A rising interest rate environment and the resulting slowing of prepayments could result in greater volatility of these securities. A falling interest rate environment and the resulting increase in prepayments could require reinvestment in lower yielding securities.
Credit Card Backed Securities These ABS are backed by revolving pools of credit card receivables. Due to the revolving nature of these assets, the credit quality could change over time. Unlike most other asset-backed securities, credit card receivables are unsecured obligations of the cardholder and payments by cardholders are the primary source of payment on these securities. The revolving nature of these card accounts generally provides for monthly payments to the trust. In order to issue securities with longer dated maturities, most Credit Card Backed Securities are issued with an initial "revolving" period during which collections are reinvested in new receivables. The revolving period may be shortened upon the occurrence of specified events which may signal a potential deterioration in the quality of the assets backing the security.
Automobile Loans These ABS are backed by receivables from motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loans secured by motor vehicles. These securities are primarily discrete pools of assets which pay down over the life of the ABS. The securities are not obligations of the seller of the vehicle, or servicer of the loans. The primary source of funds for payments on the securities comes from payment on the underlying trust receivables as well as from credit support.
Inflation-Linked Securities
Inflation-linked securities are income-generating instruments whose interest and principal payments are adjusted for inflation—a sustained increase in prices that erodes the purchasing power of money. TIPS, or Treasury inflation-protected securities, are inflation-linked securities issued by the U.S. government. Inflation-linked bonds are also issued by corporations, U.S. government agencies, states, and foreign countries. The inflation adjustment, which is typically applied monthly to the principal of the bond, follows a designated inflation index, such as the consumer price index (CPI). A fixed coupon rate is applied to the inflation-adjusted principal so that as inflation rises, both the principal value and the interest payments increase. This can provide investors with a hedge against inflation, as it helps preserve the purchasing power of your investment. Because of this inflation-adjustment feature, inflation-protected bonds typically have lower yields than conventional
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fixed-rate bonds. Municipal inflation bonds generally have a fixed principal amount and the inflation component is reflected in the nominal coupon.
Inflation-protected bonds normally will decline in price when real interest rates rise. (A real interest rate is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from a nominal interest rate. For example, if a 10-year Treasury note is yielding 5% and the rate of inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is 3%.) If inflation is negative, the principal and income of an inflation-protected bond will decline and could result in losses for the fund.
Collateralized Bond or Loan Obligations
Collateralized Bond Obligations ("CBOs") are bonds collateralized by corporate bonds, mortgages, or asset-backed securities and Collateralized Loan Obligations ("CLOs") are bonds collateralized by bank loans. CBOs and CLOs are structured into tranches, and payments are allocated such that each tranche has a predictable cash flow stream and average life. CBOs are fairly recent entrants to the fixed-income market. Most CBOs issued to date have been collateralized by high-yield bonds or loans, with heavy credit enhancement.
Loan Participations and Assignments
Loan participations and assignments (collectively, "participations") will typically be participating interests in loans made by a syndicate of banks, represented by an agent bank which has negotiated and structured the loan, to corporate borrowers to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, leveraged buyouts, and other corporate activities. Such loans may also have been made to governmental borrowers, especially governments of developing countries which is referred to as Loans to Developing Countries debt ("LDC debt"). LDC debt will involve the risk that the governmental entity responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to do so when due. The loans underlying such participations may be secured or unsecured, and the funds may invest in loans collateralized by mortgages on real property or which have no collateral. The loan participations themselves may extend for the entire term of the loan or may extend only for short "strips" that correspond to a quarterly or monthly floating-rate interest period on the underlying loan. Thus, a term or revolving credit that extends for several years may be subdivided into shorter periods.
The loan participations in which the funds will invest will also vary in legal structure. Occasionally, lenders assign to another institution both the lender`s rights and obligations under a credit agreement. Since this type of assignment relieves the original lender of its obligations, it is called a novation. More typically, a lender assigns only its right to receive payments of principal and interest under a promissory note, credit agreement, or similar document. A true assignment shifts to the assignee the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the underlying borrower. Alternatively, a lender may assign only part of its rights to receive payments pursuant to the underlying instrument or loan agreement. Such partial assignments, which are more accurately characterized as "participating interests," do not shift the debtor-creditor relationship to the assignee, who must rely on the original lending institution to collect sums due and to otherwise enforce its rights against the agent bank which administers the loan or against the underlying borrower.
There may not be a recognizable, liquid public market for loan participations. To the extent this is the case, the funds would consider the loan participation as illiquid and subject to the funds` restriction on investing no more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities.
Where required by applicable SEC positions, the funds will treat both the corporate borrower and the bank selling the participation interest as an issuer for purposes of its fundamental investment restriction on diversification.
Various service fees received by the funds from loan participations may be treated as non-interest income depending on the nature of the fee (commitment, takedown, commission, service, or loan origination). To the extent the service fees are not interest income, they will not qualify as income under Section 851(b) of the Code. Thus the sum of such fees plus any other nonqualifying income earned by the funds cannot exceed 10% of total income.
Zero-Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Bonds
A zero-coupon security has no cash coupon payments. Instead, the issuer sells the security at a substantial discount from its maturity value. The interest received by the investor from holding this security to maturity is the difference between the maturity value and the purchase price. The advantage to the investor is that reinvestment risk of the income received during the life of the bond is eliminated. However, zero-coupon
bonds, like other bonds, retain interest rate and credit risk and usually display more price volatility than those securities that pay a cash coupon.
Pay-in-Kind ("PIK") Instruments are securities that pay interest in either cash or additional securities, at the issuer`s option, for a specified period. PIKs, like zero-coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK bonds can be either senior or subordinated debt and trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest). The price of PIK bonds is expected to reflect the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last payment. PIKs are usually less volatile than zero-coupon bonds, but more volatile than cash pay securities.
For federal income tax purposes, these types of bonds will require the recognition of gross income each year even though no cash may be paid to the funds until the maturity or call date of the bond. The funds will nonetheless be required to distribute substantially all of this gross income each year to comply with the Internal Revenue Code, and such distributions could reduce the amount of cash available for investment by the funds.
Trade Claims
Trade claims are non-securitized rights of payment arising from obligations other than borrowed funds. Trade claims typically arise when, in the ordinary course of business, vendors and suppliers extend credit to a company by offering payment terms. Generally, when a company files for bankruptcy protection, payments on these trade claims cease and the claims are subject to compromise along with the other debts of the company. Trade claims typically are bought and sold at a discount reflecting the degree of uncertainty with respect to the timing and extent of recovery. In addition to the risks otherwise associated with low-quality obligations, trade claims have other risks, including the possibility that the amount of the claim may be disputed by the obligor.
Over the last few years a market for the trade claims of bankrupt companies has developed. Many vendors are either unwilling or lack the resources to hold their claim through the extended bankruptcy process with an uncertain outcome and timing. Some vendors are also aggressive in establishing reserves against these receivables, so that the sale of the claim at a discount may not result in the recognition of a loss.
Trade claims can represent an attractive investment opportunity because these claims typically are priced at a discount to comparable public securities. This discount is a reflection of both a less liquid market, a smaller universe of potential buyers, and the risks peculiar to trade claim investing. It is not unusual for trade claims to be priced at a discount to public securities that have an equal or lower priority claim.
As noted above, investing in trade claims does carry some unique risks which include:
Establishing the Amount of the Claim Frequently, the supplier`s estimate of its receivable will differ from the customer`s estimate of its payable. Resolution of these differences can result in a reduction in the amount of the claim. This risk can be reduced by only purchasing scheduled claims (claims already listed as liabilities by the debtor) and seeking representations from the seller.
Defenses to Claims The debtor has a variety of defenses that can be asserted under the bankruptcy code against any claim. Trade claims are subject to these defenses, the most common of which for trade claims relates to preference payments. (Preference payments are all payments made by the debtor during the 90 days prior to the filing. These payments are presumed to have benefited the receiving creditor at the expense of the other creditors. The receiving creditor may be required to return the payment unless it can show the payments were received in the ordinary course of business.) While none of these defenses can result in any additional liability of the purchaser of the trade claim, they can reduce or wipe out the entire purchased claim. This risk can be reduced by seeking representations and indemnification from the seller.
Documentation/Indemnification Each trade claim purchased requires documentation that must be negotiated between the buyer and seller. This documentation is extremely important since it can protect the purchaser from losses such as those described above. Legal expenses in negotiating a purchase agreement can be fairly high. Additionally, it is important to note that the value of an indemnification depends on the seller`s credit.
Volatile Pricing Due to Illiquid Market There are only a handful of brokers for trade claims and the quoted price of these claims can be volatile. Generally, it is expected that trade claims would be considered illiquid investments.
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No Current Yield/Ultimate Recovery Trade claims are almost never entitled to earn interest. As a result, the return on such an investment is very sensitive to the length of the bankruptcy, which is uncertain. Although not unique to trade claims, it is worth noting that the ultimate recovery on the claim is uncertain and there is no way to calculate a conventional yield to maturity on this investment. Additionally, the exit for this investment is a plan of reorganization which may include the distribution of new securities. These securities may be as illiquid as the original trade claim investment.
Tax Issue Although the issue is not free from doubt, it is likely that trade claims would be treated as non-securities investments. As a result, any gains would be considered "nonqualifying" under the Code. The funds may have up to 10% of their gross income (including capital gains) derived from nonqualifying sources.
Municipal Securities
Subject to the investment objectives and programs described in the prospectus and the additional investment restrictions described in this Statement of Additional Information, the funds` portfolios may consist of any combination of the various types of municipal securities described below or other types of municipal securities that may be developed. The amount of the funds` assets invested in any particular type of municipal security can be expected to vary.
The term "municipal securities" means obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, as well as certain other persons and entities, the interest from which is exempt from federal income tax. In determining the tax-exempt status of a municipal security, the funds rely on the opinion of the issuer`s bond counsel at the time of the issuance of the security. However, it is possible this opinion could be overturned, and, as a result, the interest received by the funds from such a security might not be exempt from federal income tax.
Municipal securities are classified by maturity as notes, bonds, or adjustable rate securities.
Municipal Notes
Municipal notes generally are used to provide short-term operating or capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include:
Tax Anticipation Notes Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, property, use, and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
Revenue Anticipation Notes Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of revenues, such as sales taxes, toll revenues, or water and sewer charges, that are used to pay off the notes.
Bond Anticipation Notes Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 270 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
Municipal Bonds Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Additional categories of potential purchases include lease revenue bonds and prerefunded/escrowed to maturity bonds, private activity bonds, industrial development bonds, and participation interests.
General Obligation Bonds Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and special districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, public buildings, highways and roads, and general projects not supported by user fees or specifically identified revenues. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer`s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments. In many cases voter approval is required before an issuer may sell this type of bond.
Revenue Bonds The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility or enterprise or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special charge or other pledged revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water, and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Revenue bonds are sometimes used to finance various privately operated facilities provided they meet certain tests established for tax-exempt status.
Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a mortgage or debt service reserve fund. Some authorities provide further security in the form of the state`s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund. Revenue bonds usually do not require prior voter approval before they may be issued.
Lease Revenue Bonds Municipal borrowers may also finance capital improvements or purchases with tax-exempt leases. The security for a lease is generally the borrower`s pledge to make annual appropriations for lease payments. The lease payment is treated as an operating expense subject to appropriation risk and not a full faith and credit obligation of the issuer. Lease revenue bonds are generally considered less secure than a general obligation or revenue bond and often do not include a debt service reserve fund. To the extent the funds` Boards determine such securities are illiquid, they will be subject to the funds` limit on illiquid securities. There have also been certain legal challenges to the use of lease revenue bonds in various states.
The liquidity of such securities will be determined based on a variety of factors which may include, among others: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer; and (5) the rating assigned to the obligation by an established rating agency or T. Rowe Price.
Prerefunded/Escrowed to Maturity Bonds Certain municipal bonds have been refunded with a later bond issue from the same issuer. The proceeds from the later issue are used to defease the original issue. In many cases the original issue cannot be redeemed or repaid until the first call date or original maturity date. In these cases, the refunding bond proceeds typically are used to buy U.S. Treasury securities that are held in an escrow account until the original call date or maturity date. The original bonds then become "prerefunded" or "escrowed to maturity" and are considered high-quality investments. While still tax-exempt, the security is the proceeds of the escrow account. To the extent permitted by the SEC and the Internal Revenue Service, a fund`s investment in such securities refunded with U.S. Treasury securities will, for purposes of diversification rules applicable to the funds, be considered an investment in U.S. Treasury securities.
Private Activity Bonds Under current tax law, all municipal debt is divided broadly into two groups: governmental purpose bonds and private activity bonds. Governmental purpose bonds are issued to finance traditional public purpose projects such as public buildings and roads. Private activity bonds may be issued by a state or local government or public authority but principally benefit private users and are considered taxable unless a specific exemption is provided.
The tax code currently provides exemptions for certain private activity bonds such as not-for-profit hospital bonds, small-issue industrial development revenue bonds, and mortgage subsidy bonds, which may still be issued as tax-exempt bonds. Some, but not all, private activity bonds are subject to alternative minimum tax.
Industrial Development Bonds Industrial development bonds are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from federal income tax. They are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports, and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports, and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility`s user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
Participation Interests The funds may purchase from third parties participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of municipal securities. The purchase may take different forms: in the case of short-term securities, the participation may be backed by a liquidity facility that allows the interest to be sold back to the third party (such
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as a trust, broker, or bank) for a predetermined price of par at stated intervals. The seller may receive a fee from the funds in connection with the arrangement.
In the case of longer-term bonds, the funds may purchase interests in a pool of municipal bonds or a single municipal bond or lease without the right to sell the interest back to the third party.
The funds will not purchase participation interests unless a satisfactory opinion of counsel or ruling of the Internal Revenue Service has been issued that the interest earned from the municipal securities on which the funds hold participation interests is exempt from federal income tax to the funds. However, there is no guarantee the IRS would treat such interest income as tax-exempt.
When-Issued Securities
New issues of municipal securities are often offered on a when-issued basis; that is, delivery and payment for the securities normally takes place 15 to 45 days or more after the date of the commitment to purchase. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. The funds will only make a commitment to purchase such securities with the intention of actually acquiring the securities. However, the funds may sell these securities before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy. The funds will maintain cash, high-grade marketable debt securities, or other suitable cover with its custodian bank equal in value to commitments for when-issued securities. Such securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date. Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and the securities held in the funds` portfolios are subject to changes in market value based upon the public perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes in the level of interest rates (which will generally result in similar changes in value, i.e., both experiencing appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise). Therefore, to the extent the funds remain fully invested or almost fully invested at the same time that they have purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be greater fluctuations in their net asset value than if they solely set aside cash to pay for when-issued securities. In the case of the money funds, this could increase the possibility that the market value of the funds` assets could vary from $1.00 per share. In addition, there will be a greater potential for the realization of capital gains, which are not exempt from federal income tax. When the time comes to pay for when-issued securities, the funds will meet their obligations from then-available cash flow, sale of securities, or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from sale of the when-issued securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the payment obligation). The policies described in this paragraph are not fundamental and may be changed by the funds upon notice to shareholders.
Forwards
In some cases, the funds may purchase bonds on a when-issued basis with longer-than-standard settlement dates, in some cases exceeding one to two years. In such cases, the funds must execute a receipt evidencing the obligation to purchase the bond on the specified issue date, and must segregate cash internally to meet that forward commitment. Municipal "forwards" typically carry a substantial yield premium to compensate the buyer for the risks associated with a long when-issued period, including: shifts in market interest rates that could materially impact the principal value of the bond, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer, loss of alternative investment options during the when-issued period, changes in tax law or issuer actions that would affect the exempt interest status of the bonds and prevent delivery, failure of the issuer to complete various steps required to issue the bonds, and limited liquidity for the buyer to sell the escrow receipts during the when-issued period.
Residual Interest Bonds
Residual interest bonds are a type of high-risk derivative. The funds may purchase municipal bond issues that are structured as two-part, residual interest bond and variable rate security offerings. The issuer is obligated only to pay a fixed amount of tax-free income that is to be divided among the holders of the two securities. The interest rate for the holders of the variable rate securities will be determined by an index or auction process held approximately every seven to 35 days while the bondholders will receive all interest paid by the issuer minus the amount given to the variable rate security holders and a nominal auction fee. Therefore, the coupon of the residual interest bonds, and thus the income received, will move inversely with respect to short-term, 7- to 35-day tax-exempt interest rates. There is no assurance that the auction will be successful and that the variable rate security will provide short-term liquidity. The issuer is not obligated to provide such liquidity. In general, these
securities offer a significant yield advantage over standard municipal securities, due to the uncertainty of the shape of the yield curve (i.e., short-term versus long-term rates) and consequent income flows.
Unlike many adjustable rate securities, residual interest bonds are not necessarily expected to trade at par and in fact present significant market risks. In certain market environments, residual interest bonds may carry substantial premiums, be at deep discounts, or have limited liquidity.
The funds may invest in other types of derivative instruments as they become available.
For the purpose of the funds` investment restrictions, the identification of the "issuer" of municipal securities which are not general obligation bonds is made by T. Rowe Price, on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation as described above, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal and interest on such securities.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Real Estate and Real Estate Investment Trusts ("REITs")
Investments in REITs may experience many of the same risks involved with investing in real estate directly. These risks include: declines in real estate values, risks related to local or general economic conditions, particularly lack of demand, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, obsolescence, losses due to natural disasters, condemnation of properties, regulatory limitations on rents and fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, and possible environmental liabilities. REITs may own real estate properties (Equity REITs) and be subject to these risks directly, or may make or purchase mortgages (Mortgage REITs) and be subject to these risks indirectly through underlying construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans that may default or have payment problems.
Equity REITs can be affected by rising interest rates that may cause investors to demand a high annual yield from future distributions which, in turn, could decrease the market prices for the REITs. In addition, rising interest rates also increase the costs of obtaining financing for real estate projects. Since many real estate projects are dependent upon receiving financing, this could cause the value of the Equity REITs in which the funds invest to decline.
Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay during periods of declining interest rates, which may diminish the yield on such REITs. In addition, borrowers may not be able to repay mortgages when due, which could have a negative effect on the funds.
Some REITs have relatively small market capitalizations which could increase their volatility. REITs tend to be dependent upon specialized management skills and have limited diversification so they are subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of properties. In addition, when the funds invest in REITs, a shareholder will bear his proportionate share of fund expenses and indirectly bear similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders. In addition, both Equity and Mortgage REITs are subject to the risks of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code or failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.
Adjustable Rate Securities
Generally, the maturity of a security is deemed to be the period remaining until the date (noted on the face of the instrument) on which the principal amount must be paid or, in the case of an instrument called for redemption, the date on which the redemption payment must be made. However, certain securities may be issued with demand features or adjustable interest rates that are reset periodically by predetermined formulas or indexes in order to minimize movements in the principal value of the investment in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Such securities may have long-term maturities, but may be treated as a short-term investment under certain conditions. Generally, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation on these securities is less than for fixed rate obligations. These securities may take a variety of forms, including variable rate, floating rate, and put option securities.
Variable Rate Securities Variable rate instruments are those whose terms provide for the adjustment of their interest rates on set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a market value
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that approximates its par value. A variable rate instrument, the principal amount of which is scheduled to be paid in 397 days or less, is deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate. A variable rate instrument which is subject to a demand feature entitles the purchaser to receive the principal amount of the underlying security or securities, either (i) upon notice of no more than 30 days or (ii) at specified intervals not exceeding 397 days and upon no more than 30 days` notice, is deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate or the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand.
Forward Commitment Contracts
The price of such securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within 90 days of the purchase for when-issueds, but may be substantially longer for forwards. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the funds to the issuer and no interest accrues to the funds. The purchase of these securities will result in a loss if their values decline prior to the settlement date. This could occur, for example, if interest rates increase prior to settlement. The longer the period between purchase and settlement, the greater the risks. At the time the funds make the commitment to purchase these securities, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security in determining its net asset value. The funds will cover these securities by maintaining cash, liquid, high-grade debt securities, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC with its custodian bank equal in value to its commitments for the securities during the time between the purchase and the settlement. Therefore, the longer this period, the longer the period during which alternative investment options are not available to the funds (to the extent of the securities used for cover). Such securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date.
To the extent the funds remain fully or almost fully invested (in securities with a remaining maturity of more than one year) at the same time they purchase these securities, there will be greater fluctuations in the funds` net asset value than if the funds did not purchase them.
Illiquid or Restricted Securities
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Where registration is required, the fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures prescribed by the funds` Boards. If, through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, the funds should be in a position where more than the allowable amount of its net assets is invested in illiquid assets, including restricted securities, the funds will take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.
Notwithstanding the above, the funds may purchase securities which, while privately placed, are eligible for purchase and sale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. This rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the funds, to trade in privately placed securities even though such securities are not registered under the 1933 Act. The liquidity of these securities is monitored based on a variety of factors.
Money Funds
Determination of Maturity of Money Market Securities
The funds may only purchase securities which at the time of investment have remaining maturities of 397 calendar days or less. The other funds may also purchase money market securities. In determining the maturity of money market securities, funds will follow the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.
Prime Reserve, Summit Cash Reserves, and TRP Reserve Investment Funds
First Tier Money Market Securities Defined
At least 95% of the funds` total assets will be maintained in first tier money market securities. First tier money market securities are those which are described as First Tier Securities under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. These include any security with a remaining maturity of 397 days or less that is rated (or that has been issued by an issuer that is rated with respect to a class of short-term debt obligations, or any security within that class that is
comparable in priority and security with the security) by any two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (or if only one NRSRO has issued a rating, that NRSRO) in the highest rating category for short-term debt obligations (within which there may be sub-categories). First Tier Securities also include unrated securities comparable in quality to rated securities, as determined by T. Rowe Price pursuant to written guidelines established in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act under the supervision of the funds` Boards.
DERIVATIVE INVESTMENTS
Futures Contracts
Futures contracts are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
Transactions in Futures
The funds may enter into futures contracts including stock index, interest rate, and currency futures ("futures" or "futures contracts").
Interest rate or currency futures contracts may be used as a hedge against changes in prevailing levels of interest rates or currency exchange rates in order to establish more definitely the effective return on securities or currencies held or intended to be acquired by the funds. Interest rate or currency futures can be sold as an offset against the effect of expected increases in interest rates or currency exchange rates and purchased as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates or currency exchange rates.
Futures can also be used as an efficient means of regulating the funds` exposure to the market.
Index Funds may only enter into futures contracts that are appropriate for their investment programs to provide an efficient means of maintaining liquidity while being invested in the market, to facilitate trading, or to reduce transaction costs. They will not use futures for hedging purposes. Otherwise the nature of such futures and the regulatory limitations and risks to which they are subject are the same as those described below.
Stock index futures contracts may be used to provide a hedge for a portion of the funds` portfolios, as a cash management tool, or as an efficient way to implement either an increase or decrease in portfolio market exposure in response to changing market conditions. The funds may purchase or sell futures contracts with respect to any stock index. Nevertheless, to hedge the funds` portfolios successfully, the funds must sell futures contracts with respect to indices or subindices whose movements will have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the funds` portfolio securities.
The funds will enter into futures contracts that are traded on national (or foreign) futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various taxable fixed-income securities as well as municipal bonds. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"). Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of futures contracts could be used for the above-referenced purposes, futures contracts offer an effective and relatively low cost means of implementing the funds` objectives in these areas.
Regulatory Limitations
If the funds purchase or sell futures contracts or related options which do not qualify as bona fide hedging under applicable CFTC rules, the aggregate initial margin deposits and premium required to establish those positions cannot exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the funds after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such contracts they have entered into, provided, however, that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time of purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5% limitation. For purposes of this policy, options on futures contracts and foreign currency options traded on a commodities exchange will be considered "related options." This policy may be modified by the Boards without a shareholder vote and does not limit the percentage of the funds` assets at risk to 5%.
In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts or the writing of call or put options thereon by the funds, an amount of cash, liquid assets, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, equal to the market value of the futures contracts and options thereon (less any related margin deposits), will be identified by the
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funds to cover the position, or alternative cover (such as owning an offsetting position) will be employed. Assets used as cover or held in an identified account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option or future is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the funds` assets to cover or identified accounts could impede portfolio management or the funds` ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
If the CFTC or other regulatory authorities adopt different (including less stringent) or additional restrictions, the funds would comply with such new restrictions.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time, and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when the funds purchase or sell a security, no price would be paid or received by the funds upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the funds` open positions in futures contracts, the funds would be required to deposit with their custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash or liquid assets known as "initial margin." The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
Financial futures are valued daily at closing settlement prices. If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require a payment by the funds ("variation margin") to restore the margin account to the amount of the initial margin.
Subsequent payments ("mark-to-market payments") to and from the futures broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable. If the value of the open futures position increases in the case of a sale or decreases in the case of a purchase, the funds will pay the amount of the daily change in value to the broker. However, if the value of the open futures position decreases in the case of a sale or increases in the case of a purchase, the broker will pay the amount of the daily change in value to the funds.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice, most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical securities and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the funds realize a gain; if it is more, the funds realize a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the funds realize a gain; if it is less, the funds realize a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the funds will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the funds are not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the funds will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
As an example of an offsetting transaction in which the underlying instrument is not delivered, the contractual obligations arising from the sale of one contract of September Treasury bills on an exchange may be fulfilled at any time before delivery of the contract is required (i.e., on a specified date in September, the "delivery month") by the purchase of one contract of September Treasury bills on the same exchange. In such instance, the difference between the price at which the futures contract was sold and the price paid for the offsetting purchase, after allowance for transaction costs, represents the profit or loss to the funds.
Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying security. If not in the underlying security, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the
contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset (as adjusted by a multiplier) at the time the stock index futures contract expires.
For example, the S&P 500 Stock Index is made up of 500 selected common stocks, most of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The S&P 500 Index assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the index, and the index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common stocks. In the case of futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index, the contracts are to buy or sell 250 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500 Index were $150, one contract would be worth $37,500 (250 units x $150). The stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash occurs. Over the life of the contract, the gain or loss realized by the funds will equal the difference between the purchase (or sale) price of the contract and the price at which the contract is terminated. For example, if the funds enter into a futures contract to buy 250 units of the S&P 500 Index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at $154 on that future date, the funds will gain $1,000 (250 units x gain of $4). If the funds enter into a futures contract to sell 250 units of the stock index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at $152 on that future date, the funds will lose $500 (250 units x loss of $2).
It is possible that hedging activities of funds investing in municipal securities will occur through the use of U.S. Treasury bond futures.
All funds (other than the Money Funds)
Special Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts
Volatility and Leverage The prices of futures contracts are volatile and are influenced, among other things, by actual and anticipated changes in the market and interest rates, which in turn are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and national and international political and economic events.
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day`s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Margin deposits required on futures trading are low. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, as well as gain, to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract.
Liquidity The funds may elect to close some or all of their futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The funds would do so to reduce exposure represented by long futures positions or short futures positions. The funds may close their position by taking opposite positions, which would operate to terminate the funds` position in the futures contracts. Final determinations of mark-to-market payments would then be made, additional cash would be required to be paid by or released to the funds, and the funds would realize a loss or a gain.
Futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange or board of trade where the contracts were initially traded. Although the funds intend to purchase or sell futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active market, there is no assurance that a liquid market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. In such event, it might not be possible to close a futures contract, and in the event of adverse price movements, the funds would continue to be required to make daily mark-to-market and variation margin payments. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge the underlying instruments, the funds would continue to hold the underlying instruments subject to the hedge until the futures contracts could be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the
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price of underlying instruments, if any, might partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described next, there is no guarantee that the price of the underlying instruments will, in fact, correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.
Hedging Risk A decision whether, when, and how to hedge involves skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of unexpected market or economic events. There are several risks in connection with the use by the funds of futures contracts as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the futures contracts and movements in the prices of the underlying instruments which are the subject of the hedge. T. Rowe Price will, however, attempt to reduce this risk by entering into futures contracts whose movements, in its judgment, will have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the funds` underlying instruments sought to be hedged.
Successful use of futures contracts by the funds for hedging purposes is also subject to T. Rowe Price`s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, when the funds have sold futures to hedge their portfolios against a decline in the market, the index, indices, or instruments` underlying futures might advance, and the value of the underlying instruments held in the funds` portfolios might decline. If this were to occur, the funds would lose money on the futures and also would experience a decline in value in their underlying instruments. However, while this might occur to a certain degree, T. Rowe Price believes that over time the value of the funds` portfolios will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices used to hedge the portfolio. It is also possible that, if the funds were to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market (adversely affecting the underlying instruments held in their portfolios) and prices instead increased, the funds would lose part or all of the benefit of increased value of those underlying instruments that it had hedged because it would have offsetting losses in their futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the funds have insufficient cash, it might have to sell underlying instruments to meet daily mark-to-market and variation margin requirements. Such sales of underlying instruments might be, but would not necessarily be, at increased prices (which would reflect the rising market). The funds might have to sell underlying instruments at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so.
In addition to the possibility that there might be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between price movements in the futures contracts and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the price movements of futures contracts might not correlate perfectly with price movements in the underlying instruments due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors might close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the underlying instruments and futures markets. Second, the margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets and, as a result, the futures market might attract more speculators than the securities markets. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market might also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures market and also because of imperfect correlation between price movements in the underlying instruments and movements in the prices of futures contracts, even a correct forecast of general market trends by T. Rowe Price might not result in a successful hedging transaction over a very short time period.
Options on Futures Contracts
Options (another type of potentially high-risk derivative) on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments, except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer`s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid. Options on futures contracts are valued daily at the last sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset value per share of the funds are computed (close of New York Stock Exchange), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices.
Writing a put option on a futures contract serves as a partial hedge against an increase in the value of securities the funds intend to acquire. If the futures price at expiration of the option is above the exercise price, the funds will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase that may have occurred in the price of the debt securities the funds intend to acquire. If the futures price when the option is exercised is below the exercise price, however, the funds will incur a loss, which may be wholly or partially offset by the decrease in the price of the securities the funds intend to acquire.
Funds investing in municipal securities may trade in municipal bond index option futures or similar options on futures developed in the future. In addition, the funds may trade in options on futures contracts on U.S. government securities and any U.S. government securities futures index contract which might be developed.
From time to time, a single order to purchase or sell futures contracts (or options thereon) may be made on behalf of a fund and other T. Rowe Price funds. Such aggregated orders would be allocated among the fund and the other T. Rowe Price funds in a fair and nondiscriminatory manner.
Call and put options may be purchased or written on financial indices as an alternative to options on futures.
Special Risks of Transactions in Options on Futures Contracts
The risks described under "Special Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts" are substantially the same as the risks of using options on futures. If the funds were to write an option on a futures contract, it would be required to deposit initial margin and maintain mark-to-market payments in the same manner as a regular futures contract. In addition, where the funds seek to close out an option position by writing or buying an offsetting option covering the same index, underlying instrument, or contract and having the same exercise price and expiration date, their ability to establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (2) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying instruments; (4) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms. There is no assurance that higher-than-anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain of the facilities of any of the clearing corporations inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures, which may interfere with the timely execution of customers` orders.
In the event no such market exists for a particular contract in which the funds maintain a position, in the case of a written option, the funds would have to wait to sell the underlying securities or futures positions until the option expires or is exercised. The funds would be required to maintain margin deposits on payments until the contract is closed. Options on futures are treated for accounting purposes in the same way as the analogous option on securities are treated.
In addition, the correlation between movements in the price of options on futures contracts and movements in the price of the securities hedged can only be approximate. This risk is significantly increased when an option on a U.S. government securities future or an option on some type of index future is used as a proxy for hedging a portfolio consisting of other types of securities. Another risk is that if the movements in the price of options on futures contracts and the value of the call increase by more than the increase in the value of the securities held as cover, the funds may realize a loss on the call, which is not completely offset by the appreciation in the price of the securities held as cover and the premium received for writing the call.
The successful use of options on futures contracts requires special expertise and techniques different from those involved in portfolio securities transactions. A decision whether, when, and how to hedge involves skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of unexpected market behavior or interest rate trends. During periods when municipal securities market prices are appreciating, the
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funds may experience poorer overall performance than if it had not entered into any options on futures contracts.
General Considerations Transactions by the funds in options on futures will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade, or other trading facilities governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options are written on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade, or other trading facilities or are held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of contracts which the funds may write or purchase may be affected by contracts written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of T. Rowe Price. An exchange, boards of trade, or other trading facility may order the liquidations of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.
Additional Futures and Options Contracts
Although the funds have no current intention of engaging in futures or options transactions other than those described above, it reserves the right to do so. Such futures and options trading might involve risks which differ from those involved in the futures and options described above.
Foreign Futures and Options
Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on, or subject to the rules of, a foreign board of trade. Neither the National Futures Association nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery, and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, when the funds trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts, it may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTC`s regulations, and the rules of the National Futures Association and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the National Futures Association or any domestic futures exchange. In particular, funds received from the funds for foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections as funds received for transactions on U.S. futures exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time the funds` orders are placed and the time they are liquidated, offset, or exercised.
U.S. Treasury Intermediate and U.S. Treasury Long-Term Funds
Limitations on Futures and Options
The funds will not purchase a futures contract or option thereon if, with respect to positions in futures or options on futures which do not represent bona fide hedging, the aggregate initial margin and premiums on such positions would exceed 5% of the funds` net asset value. In addition, neither of the funds will enter into a futures transaction if it would be obligated to purchase or deliver amounts that would exceed 15% of the funds` total assets.
The funds will not write a covered call option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities covering call options or subject to delivery under put options exceeds 15% of the market value of the funds` total assets.
The funds will not write a covered put option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities subject to such put options or covering call options exceeds 15% of the market value of the funds` total assets.
The funds have no current intention of investing in options on securities. However, they reserve the right to do so in the future and could be subject to the following limitations: the funds may invest up to 15% of total assets in premiums on put options and 15% of total assets in premiums on call options. The total amount of the funds` total assets invested in futures and options will not exceed 15% of the funds` total assets.
All Funds
Foreign Currency Transactions
A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are principally traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades. The funds may enter into forward contracts for a variety of purposes in connection with the management of the foreign securities portion of their portfolios. The funds` use of such contracts would include, but not be limited to, the following:
First, when the funds enter into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, they may desire to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of the security. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying security transactions, the funds will be able to protect themselves against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received.
Second, when T. Rowe Price believes that one currency may experience a substantial movement against another currency, including the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell or buy the amount of the former foreign currency, approximating the value of some or all of the funds` portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Alternatively, where appropriate, the funds may hedge all or part of their foreign currency exposure through the use of a basket of currencies or a proxy currency where such currency or currencies act as an effective proxy for other currencies. In such a case, the funds may enter into a forward contract where the amount of the foreign currency to be sold exceeds the value of the securities denominated in such currency. The use of this basket hedging technique may be more efficient and economical than entering into separate forward contracts for each currency held in the funds. The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movement is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for relative currency values will be incorporated into the longer-term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification strategies. However, T. Rowe Price believes that it is important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward contracts when it determines that the best interests of the funds will be served.
Third, the funds may use forward contracts when the funds wish to hedge out of the dollar into a foreign currency in order to create a synthetic bond or money market instrument—the security would be issued in U.S. dollars but the dollar component would be transformed into a foreign currency through a forward contract.
The funds may enter into forward contracts for any other purpose consistent with the funds` investment objectives and programs. However, the funds will not enter into a forward contract, or maintain exposure to any such contract(s), if the amount of foreign currency required to be delivered thereunder would exceed the funds` holdings of liquid, high-grade debt securities, currency available for cover of the forward contract(s), or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC. In determining the amount to be delivered under a contract, the funds may net offsetting positions.
At the maturity of a forward contract, the funds may sell the portfolio security and make delivery of the foreign currency, or they may retain the security and either extend the maturity of the forward contract (by "rolling" that contract forward) or may initiate a new forward contract.
If the funds retain the portfolio security and engage in an offsetting transaction, the funds will incur a gain or a loss (as described below) to the extent that there has been movement in forward contract prices. If the funds engage in an offsetting transaction, they may subsequently enter into a new forward contract to sell the foreign currency. Should forward prices decline during the period between the funds` entering into a forward contract for the sale of a foreign currency and the date they enter into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the foreign currency, the funds will realize a gain to the extent the price of the currency they have agreed to sell
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exceeds the price of the currency they have agreed to purchase. Should forward prices increase, the funds will suffer a loss to the extent the price of the currency they have agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency they have agreed to sell.
The funds` dealing in forward foreign currency exchange contracts will generally be limited to the transactions described above. However, the funds reserve the right to enter into forward foreign currency contracts for different purposes and under different circumstances. Of course, the funds are not required to enter into forward contracts with regard to their foreign currency-denominated securities and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by T. Rowe Price. It also should be realized that this method of hedging against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange at a future date. Additionally, although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result from an increase in the value of that currency.
Although the funds value their assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, they do not intend to convert their holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. They will do so from time to time, and there are costs associated with currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the funds at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the funds desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Federal Tax Treatment of Options, Futures Contracts, and Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts
The funds may enter into certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, and swaps, including options and futures on currencies. Entering into such transactions can affect the timing and character of the income and gains realized by the funds and the timing and character of fund distributions.
Such contracts, which qualify as Section 1256 contracts, will be considered to have been closed at the end of the funds` fiscal years and any gains or losses will be recognized for tax purposes at that time. Such gains or losses (as well as gains or losses from the normal closing or settlement of such transactions) will be characterized as 60% long-term capital gain (taxable at a maximum rate of 15%) or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss regardless of the holding period of the instrument (ordinary income or loss for foreign exchange contracts). The funds will be required to distribute net gains on such transactions to shareholders even though it may not have closed the transaction and received cash to pay such distributions.
Certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, and swaps, which offset another security in the fund, including options, futures, and forward exchange contracts on currencies, which offset a foreign dollar-denominated bond or currency position, may be considered straddles for tax purposes. Generally, a loss on any position in a straddle will be subject to deferral to the extent of any unrealized gain in an offsetting position. For securities that were held for one year or less at inception of the straddle, the holding period may be deemed not to begin until the straddle is terminated. If securities comprising a straddle have been held for more than one year at inception of the straddle, losses on offsetting positions may be treated as entirely long-term capital losses even if the offsetting positions have been held for less than one year. However, a fund may choose to comply with certain identification requirements for offsetting positions that are components of a straddle. Losses with respect to identified positions are not deferred, rather the basis of the identified position that offset the loss position is increased.
In order for the funds to continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment as regulated investment companies, at least 90% of their gross income for a taxable year must be derived from qualifying income, e.g., generally dividends, interest, income derived from loans of securities, and gains from the sale of securities or currencies. Tax regulations could be issued limiting the extent to which the net gain realized from options, futures, or forward foreign exchange contracts on currencies is qualifying income for purposes of the 90% requirement.
Entering into certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, or swaps may result in a "constructive sale" of offsetting stocks or debt securities of the funds. In such case the funds will be required to realize gain, but not loss, on the sale of such positions as if the position were sold on that date.
For certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, or swaps, the IRS has not issued comprehensive rules relating to the timing and character of income and gains realized on such contracts.
Although not anticipated, it is possible that final rules could result in changes to the amounts recorded by the funds, potentially resulting in tax consequences to the funds.
Options
Options are a type of potentially high-risk derivative. The funds have no current intention of investing in options on securities, although they reserve the right to do so. Appropriate disclosure would be added to each funds` prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information when and if the funds decide to invest in options.
Writing Covered Call Options
The funds may write (sell) American or European style "covered" call options and purchase options to close out options previously written. In writing covered call options, the funds expect to generate additional premium income, which should serve to enhance the funds` total return and reduce the effect of any price decline of the security or currency involved in the option. Covered call options will generally be written on securities or currencies which, in T. Rowe Price`s opinion, are not expected to have any major price increases or moves in the near future but which, over the long term, are deemed to be attractive investments for the funds.
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to purchase, and the writer (seller) has the obligation to sell, a security or currency at a specified price (the exercise price) at expiration of the option (European style) or at any time until a certain date (the expiration date) (American style). So long as the obligation of the writer of a call option continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring him to deliver the underlying security or currency against payment of the exercise price. This obligation terminates upon the expiration of the call option or such earlier time at which the writer effects a closing purchase transaction by repurchasing an option identical to that previously sold. To secure his obligation to deliver the underlying security or currency in the case of a call option, a writer is required to deposit in escrow the underlying security or currency or other assets in accordance with the rules of a clearing corporation.
The funds generally will write only covered call options. This means that the funds will either own the security or currency subject to the option or an option to purchase the same underlying security or currency having an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the "covered" option. From time to time, the funds will write a call option that is not covered as indicated above but where the funds will establish and maintain, with its custodian for the term of the option, an account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, having a value equal to the fluctuating market value of the optioned securities or currencies. While such an option would be "covered" with sufficient collateral to satisfy SEC prohibitions on issuing senior securities, this type of strategy would expose the funds to the risks of writing uncovered options.
Portfolio securities or currencies on which call options may be written will be purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with the funds` investment objectives. The writing of covered call options is a conservative investment technique believed to involve relatively little risk (in contrast to the writing of naked or uncovered options, which the funds generally will not do) but capable of enhancing the funds` total return. When writing a covered call option, the funds, in return for the premium, give up the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying security or currency above the exercise price, but conversely retain the risk of loss should the price of the security or currency decline. Unlike one that owns securities or currencies not subject to an option, the funds have no control over when they may be required to sell the underlying securities or currencies, since they may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to the expiration of its obligation as a writer. If a call option the funds have written expires, the funds will realize a gain in the amount of the premium; however, such gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security or currency during the option period. If the call option is exercised, the funds will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security or currency. The funds do not consider a security or currency covered by a call to be "pledged" as that term is used in the funds` policy, which limits the pledging or mortgaging of assets. If the fund writes an uncovered option as described above, it will bear the risk of having to purchase the security subject to the option at a price higher than the exercise price of the option. As the price of a security could appreciate substantially, the funds` loss could be significant.
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The premium received is the market value of an option. The premium the funds will receive from writing a call option will reflect, among other things, the current market price of the underlying security or currency, the relationship of the exercise price to such market price, the historical price volatility of the underlying security or currency, and the length of the option period. Once the decision to write a call option has been made, T. Rowe Price, in determining whether a particular call option should be written on a particular security or currency, will consider the reasonableness of the anticipated premium and the likelihood that a liquid secondary market will exist for those options. The premium received by the funds for writing covered call options will be recorded as a liability of the funds. This liability will be adjusted daily to the option`s current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of the New York Stock Exchange) or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices. The option will be terminated upon expiration of the option, the purchase of an identical option in a closing transaction, or delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the exercise of the option.
Closing transactions will be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding call option, to prevent an underlying security or currency from being called, or to permit the sale of the underlying security or currency. Furthermore, effecting a closing transaction will permit the funds to write another call option on the underlying security or currency with either a different exercise price or expiration date or both. If the funds desire to sell a particular security or currency from their portfolios on which they have written a call option, or purchased a put option, they will seek to effect a closing transaction prior to, or concurrently with, the sale of the security or currency. There is, of course, no assurance that the funds will be able to effect such closing transactions at favorable prices. If the funds cannot enter into such a transaction, they may be required to hold a security or currency that they might otherwise have sold. When the funds write a covered call option, they run the risk of not being able to participate in the appreciation of the underlying securities or currencies above the exercise price, as well as the risk of being required to hold on to securities or currencies that are depreciating in value. This could result in higher transaction costs. The funds will pay transaction costs in connection with the writing of options to close out previously written options. Such transaction costs are normally higher than those applicable to purchases and sales of portfolio securities.
Call options written by the funds will normally have expiration dates of less than nine months from the date written. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to, or above the current market values of the underlying securities or currencies at the time the options are written. From time to time, the funds may purchase an underlying security or currency for delivery in accordance with an exercise notice of a call option assigned to it, rather than delivering such security or currency from their portfolios. In such cases, additional costs may be incurred.
The funds will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from the writing of the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security or currency, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security or currency owned by the funds.
The funds will not write a covered call option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering written call or put options exceeds 25% of the market value of the funds` total assets. In calculating the 25% limit, the funds will offset the value of securities underlying purchased calls and puts on identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
Writing Covered Put Options
The funds may write American or European style covered put options and purchase options to close out options previously written by the funds. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer (seller) has the obligation to buy, the underlying security or currency at the exercise price during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). So long as the obligation of the writer continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring him to make payment to the exercise price against delivery of the underlying security or currency. The operation of put options in other respects, including their related risks and rewards, is substantially identical to that of call options.
If the funds write put options, they will do so only on a covered basis. This means that the funds would maintain, in a segregated account, cash, U.S. government securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or
other suitable cover as determined by the SEC, in an amount not less than the exercise price. Alternatively, the funds will own an option to sell the underlying security or currency subject to the option having an exercise price equal to or greater than the exercise price of the "covered" option at all times while the put option is outstanding. (The rules of a clearing corporation currently require that such assets be deposited in escrow to secure payment of the exercise price.)
The funds would generally write covered put options in circumstances where T. Rowe Price wishes to purchase the underlying security or currency for the funds` portfolios at a price lower than the current market price of the security or currency. In such event the funds would write a put option at an exercise price which, reduced by the premium received on the option, reflects the lower price it is willing to pay. Since the funds would also receive interest on debt securities or currencies maintained to cover the exercise price of the option, this technique could be used to enhance current return during periods of market uncertainty. The risk in such a transaction would be that the market price of the underlying security or currency would decline below the exercise price, less the premiums received. Such a decline could be substantial and result in a significant loss to the funds. In addition, the funds, because they do not own the specific securities or currencies which they may be required to purchase in exercise of the put, cannot benefit from appreciation, if any, with respect to such specific securities or currencies.
The funds will not write a covered put option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering put or call options exceeds 25% of the market value of the funds` total assets. In calculating the 25% limit, the funds will offset the value of securities underlying purchased puts and calls on identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
The premium received by the funds for writing covered put options will be recorded as a liability of the funds. This liability will be adjusted daily to the option`s current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset value per share of the funds is computed (close of the New York Stock Exchange), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of the closing bid and ask prices.
Purchasing Put Options
The funds may purchase American or European style put options. As the holder of a put option, the funds have the right to sell the underlying security or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. The funds may purchase put options for defensive purposes in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of their securities or currencies. An example of such use of put options is provided next.
The funds may purchase a put option on an underlying security or currency (a "protective put") owned by the funds as a defensive technique in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the security or currency. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the funds, as holder of the put option, are able to sell the underlying security or currency at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security`s market price or currency`s exchange value. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to protect unrealized appreciation of a security or currency where T. Rowe Price deems it desirable to continue to hold the security or currency because of tax considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any capital gain otherwise available for distribution when the security or currency is eventually sold.
The funds may also purchase put options at a time when they do not own the underlying security or currency. By purchasing put options on a security or currency they do not own, the funds seek to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying security or currency. If the put option is not sold when it has remaining value and if the market price of the underlying security or currency remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the funds will lose their entire investment in the put option. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security or currency must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs, unless the put option is sold in a closing sale transaction.
The funds will not commit more than 5% of total assets to premiums when purchasing put options. The premium paid by the funds when purchasing a put option will be recorded as an asset of the funds in the portfolio of investments. This asset will be adjusted daily to the option`s current market value, which will be the
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latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of New York Stock Exchange) or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices. This asset will be terminated upon expiration of the option, the selling (writing) of an identical option in a closing transaction, or the delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the exercise of the option.
Purchasing Call Options
The funds may purchase American or European style call options. As the holder of a call option, the funds have the right to purchase the underlying security or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. The funds may purchase call options for the purpose of increasing their current return or avoiding tax consequences which could reduce their current return. The funds may also purchase call options in order to acquire the underlying securities or currencies. Examples of such uses of call options are provided next.
Call options may be purchased by the funds for the purpose of acquiring the underlying securities or currencies for their portfolios. Utilized in this fashion, the purchase of call options enables the funds to acquire the securities or currencies at the exercise price of the call option plus the premium paid. At times the net cost of acquiring securities or currencies in this manner may be less than the cost of acquiring the securities or currencies directly. This technique may also be useful to the funds in purchasing a large block of securities or currencies that would be more difficult to acquire by direct market purchases. So long as the funds hold such a call option, rather than the underlying security or currency itself, the funds are partially protected from any unexpected decline in the market price of the underlying security or currency and in such event could allow the call option to expire, incurring a loss only to the extent of the premium paid for the option.
The funds may also purchase call options on underlying securities or currencies they own in order to protect unrealized gains on call options previously written by them. A call option would be purchased for this purpose where tax considerations make it inadvisable to realize such gains through a closing purchase transaction. Call options may also be purchased at times to avoid realizing losses.
The funds will not commit more than 5% of total assets to premiums when purchasing call and put options. The premium paid by the funds when purchasing a call option will be recorded as an asset of the funds in the portfolio of investments. This asset will be adjusted daily to the option`s current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of New York Stock Exchange), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options
The funds may engage in transactions involving dealer options. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While the funds would look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the funds were to purchase a dealer option, they would rely on the dealer from whom they purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the funds as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market, while dealer options have none. Consequently, the funds will generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option they have purchased only by exercising it or reselling it to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the funds write a dealer option, they generally will be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to which the funds originally wrote the option. While the funds will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the funds, there can be no assurance that the funds will be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Until the funds, as a covered dealer call option writer, are able to effect a closing purchase transaction, they will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) or currencies used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the counter-party, the funds may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the funds, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the funds. For example, since the funds must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security they write, the funds may not sell the assets they
have segregated to secure the position while they are obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a fund`s ability to sell portfolio securities or currencies at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options and the assets used to secure the written dealer options are illiquid securities. The funds may treat the cover used for written Over-the-Counter ("OTC") options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the funds may repurchase the OTC option they have written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the OTC option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Warrants
Warrants can be highly volatile and have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. Warrants basically are options to purchase securities at a specific price valid for a specific period of time. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Warrants differ from call options in that warrants are issued by the issuer of the security which may be purchased on their exercise, whereas call options may be written or issued by anyone. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying securities.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Structured Investments
A hybrid instrument is a debt security, preferred stock, depository share, trust certificate, certificate of deposit, or other evidence of indebtedness on which a portion of or all interest payments, and/or the principal or stated amount payable at maturity, redemption, or retirement is determined by reference to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices of securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles, or commodities (collectively, "underlying assets") or by another objective index, economic factor, or other measure, such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity indices, and securities indices (collectively, "benchmarks"). Thus, hybrid instruments may take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in time, preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the value of a currency, or convertible securities with the conversion terms related to a particular commodity.
Hybrid instruments can be an efficient means of creating exposure to a particular market, or segment of a market, with the objective of enhancing total return. For example, the funds may wish to take advantage of expected declines in interest rates in several European countries, but avoid the transaction costs associated with buying and currency-hedging the foreign bond positions. One solution would be to purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated hybrid instrument whose redemption price is linked to the average three-year interest rate in a designated group of countries. The redemption price formula would provide for payoffs of greater than par if the average interest rate was lower than a specified level, and payoffs of less than par if rates were above the specified level. Furthermore, the funds could limit the downside risk of the security by establishing a minimum redemption price so that the principal paid at maturity could not be below a predetermined minimum level if interest rates were to rise significantly. The purpose of this arrangement, known as a structured security with an embedded put option, would be to give the funds the desired European bond exposure while avoiding currency risk, limiting downside market risk, and lowering transaction costs. Of course, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful, and the funds could lose money if, for example, interest rates do not move as anticipated or credit problems develop with the issuer of the hybrid instruments.
The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures, and currencies. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars, or bears interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular hybrid instrument will, of course, depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include, without limitation, the possibility of significant changes in the benchmarks or the prices of underlying assets to which the instrument is linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors which are unrelated to the operations or credit quality of the issuer of the hybrid instrument and which may not be readily foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political events, the
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supply of and demand for the underlying assets, and interest rate movements. In recent years, various benchmarks and prices for underlying assets have been highly volatile, and such volatility may be expected in the future. Reference is also made to the discussion of futures, options, and forward contracts herein for a discussion of the risks associated with such investments.
Hybrid instruments are potentially more volatile and can carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the particular hybrid instrument, changes in a benchmark may be magnified by the terms of the hybrid instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial effect upon the value of the hybrid instrument. Also, the prices of the hybrid instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.
Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, hybrid instruments may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if "leverage" is used to structure the hybrid instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the hybrid instrument is structured so that a given change in a benchmark or underlying asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the hybrid instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for gain.
Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often "customized" to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities. In addition, because the purchase and sale of hybrid instruments could take place in an over-the-counter market without the guarantee of a central clearing organization or in a transaction between the fund and the issuer of the hybrid instrument, the creditworthiness of the counterparty or issuer of the hybrid instrument would be an additional risk factor which the funds would have to consider and monitor. Hybrid instruments also may not be subject to regulation by the CFTC, which generally regulates the trading of commodity futures by U.S. persons, the SEC, which regulates the offer and sale of securities by and to U.S. persons, or any other governmental regulatory authority.
Swap Agreements
A number of the funds may enter into interest rate, index, total return, credit, and, to the extent they may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities, currency rate swap agreements. The funds may also enter into options on swap agreements ("swap options") on the types of swaps listed above as well as swap forwards.
Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined investment, index, or currency. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. The funds may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. A swap forward is an agreement to enter into a swap agreement at some point in the future, usually in 3 to 6 months.
One example of the use of swaps within the funds may be to manage the interest rate sensitivity of the funds. The funds might receive or pay a fixed-rate interest rate of a particular maturity and pay or receive a floating rate in order to increase or decrease the duration of the funds. Or, the funds may buy or sell swap options to effect the same result. The funds may also replicate a security by selling it, placing the proceeds in cash deposits, and receiving a fixed rate in the swap market.
Another example is the use of credit default swaps to buy or sell credit protection. A default swap is a bilateral contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a defined-issuer credit event. The seller of s may enhance income by selling protection or protect credit risk by buying protection. Market supply and demand factors may cause distortions between the cash securities market and the default swap market.
Most swap agreements entered into by the funds would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a "net basis." Consequently, the funds` current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the
positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount"). The funds` current obligations under a net swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the funds) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by assets determined to be liquid by T. Rowe Price.
The use of swap agreements by the funds entails certain risks. Interest rate and currency swaps could result in losses if interest rate or currency changes are not correctly anticipated by the funds. Total return swaps could result in losses if the reference index, security, or investments do not perform as anticipated by the funds. Credit default swaps could result in losses if the funds do not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the company on which the credit default swap is based.
The funds will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than when it purchases a swap option. When the funds purchase a swap option it risks losing only the amount of the premium they have paid should they decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the funds write a swap option they will become obligated, upon exercise of the option, according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Because swaps are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the funds bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The funds will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the funds` ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Lending of Portfolio Securities
Securities loans are made to broker-dealers, institutional investors, or other persons pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by collateral at least equal at all times to the value of the securities lent, marked to market on a daily basis. The collateral received will consist of cash, U.S. government securities, letters of credit, or such other collateral as may be permitted under the funds` investment program. The collateral, in turn, is invested in short-term securities. While the securities are being lent, the funds making the loan will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities, as well as a portion of the interest on the investment of the collateral. Normally, the funds employ an agent to implement their securities lending program and the agent receives a fee from the funds for its services. The funds have a right to call each loan and obtain the securities within such period of time that coincides with the normal settlement period for purchases and sales of such securities in the respective markets. The funds will not have the right to vote on securities while they are being lent, but they may call a loan in anticipation of any important vote, when practical. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of secured credit, consist of a possible default by the borrower, delay in receiving additional collateral or in the recovery of the securities, or possible loss of rights in the collateral, should the borrower fail financially. Loans will be made only to firms deemed by T. Rowe Price to be of good standing and will not be made unless, in the judgment of T. Rowe Price, the consideration to be earned from such loans would justify the risk. Additionally, the funds bear the risk that the reinvestment of collateral will result in a principal loss. Finally, there is also the risk that the price of the securities will increase while they are on loan and the collateral will not adequately cover their value.
Interfund Borrowing and Lending
The funds are parties to an exemptive order received from the SEC on December 8, 1998, amended on November 23, 1999, that permits them to borrow money from and/or lend money to other funds in the T. Rowe Price complex. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans. All loans are subject to numerous conditions designed to ensure fair and equitable
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treatment of all participating funds. The program is subject to the oversight and periodic review of the Boards of Price Funds.
Repurchase Agreements
The funds may enter into a repurchase agreement through which an investor (such as the funds) purchases securities (known as the "underlying security") from well-established securities dealers or banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Any such dealer or bank will be on T. Rowe Price`s approved list. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at the same price, plus specified interest. Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. The funds will enter into repurchase agreements only where (1) the underlying securities are of the type (excluding maturity limitations) which the funds` investment guidelines would allow them to purchase directly, (2) the market value of the underlying security, including interest accrued, will be at all times equal to or exceed the value of the repurchase agreement, and (3) payment for the underlying security is made only upon physical delivery or evidence of book-entry transfer to the account of the custodian or a bank acting as agent. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the funds could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses, including: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while the funds seek to enforce their rights thereto; (b) possible subnormal levels of income and lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing their rights.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Although the funds have no current intention of engaging in reverse repurchase agreements, they reserve the right to do so. Reverse repurchase agreements are ordinary repurchase agreements in which a fund is the seller of, rather than the investor in, securities and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed upon time and price. Use of a reverse repurchase agreement may be preferable to a regular sale and later repurchase of the securities because it avoids certain market risks and transaction costs. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the funds, subject to Investment Restriction (1). (See "Investment Restrictions.")
Money Market Reserves
The funds may invest their cash reserves primarily in one or more money market funds established for the exclusive use of the T. Rowe Price family of mutual funds and other clients of T. Rowe Price. Currently, two such money market funds are in operation: T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund ("GRF") and T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund ("RIF"), each a series of the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds, Inc. Additional series may be created in the future. These funds were created and operate under an exemptive order issued by the SEC.
Both funds must comply with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act governing money market funds. GRF invests primarily in a portfolio of U.S. government-backed securities, primarily U.S. Treasuries, and repurchase agreements thereon. RIF invests at least 95% of its total assets in prime money market instruments receiving the highest credit rating.
GRF and RIF provide a very efficient means of managing the cash reserves of the funds. While neither GRF nor RIF pays an advisory fee to T. Rowe Price, they will incur other expenses. However, GRF and RIF are expected by T. Rowe Price to operate at very low expense ratios. The funds will only invest in GRF or RIF to the extent it is consistent with their investment objectives and programs.
Neither fund is insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although the funds seek to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in them.
High Yield and Institutional High Yield Funds
Short Sales
The funds may make short sales for hedging purposes to protect them against companies whose credit is deteriorating. Short sales are transactions in which the funds sell a security they do not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. The funds` short sales would be limited to situations where the funds own a debt security of a company and would sell short the common or preferred stock or another debt security at a different level of the capital structure of the same company. No securities will be sold short if, after
the effect is given to any such short sale, the total market value of all securities sold short would exceed 2% of the value of the funds` net assets.
To complete a short-sale transaction, the funds must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The funds then are obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the fund. Until the security is replaced, the funds are required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the funds also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.
Until the funds replace a borrowed security in connection with a short sale, the funds will: (a) maintain daily a segregated account, containing cash, U.S. government securities, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, at such a level that (i) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short and (ii) the amount deposited in the segregated account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the security at the time it was sold short; or (b) otherwise cover its short position.
The funds will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security sold short increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the funds replace the borrowed security. The funds will realize a gain if the security sold short declines in price between those dates. This result is the opposite of what one would expect from a cash purchase of a long position in a security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends, or interest the funds may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. Any gain or loss on the security sold short would be separate from a gain or loss on the funds` security being hedged by the short sale.
The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 requires a mutual fund to recognize gain upon entering into a constructive sale of stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt positions occurring after June 8, 1997. A constructive sale is deemed to occur if the funds enter into a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures or forward contract which is substantially identical to the appreciated position. Some of the transactions in which the funds are permitted to invest may cause certain appreciated positions in securities held by the funds to qualify as a "constructive sale," in which case it would be treated as sold and the resulting gain subjected to tax or, in the case of a mutual fund, distributed to shareholders. If this were to occur, the funds would be required to distribute such gains even though it would receive no cash until the later sale of the security. Such distributions could reduce the amount of cash available for investment by the funds. Because these rules do not apply to "straight" debt transactions, it is not anticipated that they will have a significant impact on the funds; however, the effect cannot be determined until the issuance of clarifying regulations.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of the lesser of (1) 67% of the funds` shares present at a meeting of shareholders if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the funds` outstanding shares. Other restrictions in the form of operating policies are subject to change by the funds` Boards without shareholder approval. Any investment restriction which involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the funds. With the exception of the diversification test required by the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), calculation of the funds` total assets for compliance with any of the following fundamental or operating policies or any other investment restrictions set forth in the funds` prospectuses or SAI will not include collateral held in connection with securities lending activities. For purposes of the tax diversification test, calculation of the fund`s total assets will include investments made with cash received by the funds as collateral for securities loaned. The IRC diversification test is set forth in the prospectuses of the funds referred to by name in restrictions (8) and (9) below.
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Fundamental Policies
As a matter of fundamental policy, the funds may not:
(a)Borrowing (All funds except Spectrum Funds) Borrow money, except that the funds may (i) borrow for non-leveraging, temporary, or emergency purposes; and (ii) engage in reverse repurchase agreements and make other investments or engage in other transactions, which may involve a borrowing, in a manner consistent with the funds` investment objectives and programs, provided that the combination of (i) and (ii) shall not exceed 33xb6 /xb8 % of the value of the funds` total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) or such other percentage permitted by law. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law. The funds may borrow from banks, other Price Funds, or other persons to the extent permitted by applicable law;
(b)Borrowing (Spectrum Funds) Borrow money, except the funds may borrow from banks or other Price Funds as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, and then only in amounts not exceeding 30% of total assets valued at market. The funds will not borrow in order to increase income (leveraging), but only to facilitate redemption requests which might otherwise require untimely disposition of portfolio securities. Interest paid on any such borrowings will reduce net investment income;
(a)Commodities (All funds except Spectrum Growth and Spectrum Income Funds) Purchase or sell physical commodities, except that the funds (other than the Money Funds) may enter into futures contracts and options thereon;
(b)Commodities (Spectrum Growth and Spectrum Income Funds) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity or futures contracts;
Equity Securities (Summit Municipal Funds) Purchase equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities;
(a)Industry Concentration (All funds except Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, Health Sciences, International Equity Index, Financial Services, Prime Reserve, Real Estate, TRP Reserve Investment, Retirement, Spectrum, Summit Cash Reserves, Total Equity Market Index, and U.S. Bond Index Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 25% of the value of the funds` total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry;
(b)Industry Concentration (Financial Services, Health Sciences, and Real Estate Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 25% of the value of the funds` total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided, however, that (i) the Health Sciences Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the health sciences industry as defined in the fund`s prospectus; (ii) the Financial Services Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry as defined in the fund`s prospectus; and (iii) the Real Estate Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the real estate industry as defined in the fund`s prospectus;
(c)Industry Concentration (Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, International Equity Index, Total Equity Market Index, and U.S. Bond Index Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 25% of the value of the fund`s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, except that the fund will invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry to the extent necessary to replicate the index that the fund uses as its benchmark as set forth in its prospectus;
(d)Industry Concentration (Prime Reserve, TRP Reserve Investment, and Summit Cash Reserves Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 25% of the value of the funds` total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided, however, that this limitation does not apply to securities of the banking industry including, but not limited to, certificates of deposit and banker`s acceptances;
(e)Concentration (Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Concentrate in any industry, except that the funds will concentrate (invest more than 25% of total assets) in the mutual fund industry;
(a)Loans (All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Make loans, although the funds may (i) lend portfolio securities and participate in an interfund lending program with other Price Funds provided that no such loan may be made if, as a result, the aggregate of such loans would exceed 33xb6 /xb8 % of the value of the funds` total assets; (ii) purchase money market securities and enter into repurchase agreements; and (iii) acquire publicly distributed or privately placed debt securities and purchase debt;
(b)Loans (Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Make loans, although the funds may purchase money market securities and enter into repurchase agreements;
Margin (Spectrum Funds) Purchase securities on margin, except for use of short-term credit necessary for clearance of purchases of portfolio securities;
Mortgaging (Spectrum Funds) Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate, or, in any manner, transfer any security owned by the funds as security for indebtedness, except as may be necessary in connection with permissible borrowings, in which event such mortgaging, pledging, or hypothecating may not exceed 30% of the funds` total assets, valued at market;
Percent Limit on Assets Invested in Any One Issuer (All funds except Africa & Middle East, Emerging Europe & Mediterranean, Emerging Markets Bond, Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value, Institutional Emerging Markets Bond, Institutional International Bond, Institutional Large-Cap Growth, International Bond, Latin America, New Asia, Retirement, and Spectrum Funds, and the State Tax-Free Income Trust) Purchase a security if, as a result, with respect to 75% of the value of the funds` total assets, more than 5% of the value of the funds` total assets would be invested in the securities of a single issuer, except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities;
Percent Limit on Share Ownership of Any One Issuer (All funds except Africa & Middle East, Emerging Europe & Mediterranean, Emerging Markets Bond, Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value, Institutional Emerging Markets Bond, Institutional International Bond, Institutional Large-Cap Growth, International Bond, Latin America, New Asia, Retirement, and Spectrum Funds, and the State Tax-Free Income Trust) Purchase a security if, as a result, with respect to 75% of the value of the funds` total assets, more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer would be held by the funds (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities);
(a)Real Estate (All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Purchase or sell real estate, including limited partnership interests therein, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the funds from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business);
(b)Real Estate (Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Purchase or sell real estate, including limited partnership interests therein, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (although the funds may purchase money market securities secured by real estate or interests therein, or issued by companies or investment trusts which invest in real estate or interests therein);
(a)Senior Securities (All funds except Spectrum Funds) Issue senior securities except in compliance with the 1940 Act;
(b)Senior Securities (Spectrum Funds) Issue senior securities;
Short Sales (Spectrum Funds) Effect short sales of securities;
Taxable Securities (California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Tax-Free Funds) During periods of normal market conditions, purchase any security if, as a result, less than 80% of the funds` income would be exempt from federal and, if applicable, any state, city, or local income tax. Normally, the funds will not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 20% of the funds` income would be subject to the AMT; or
Underwriting Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the funds may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act in connection with the purchase and sale of fund portfolio securities in the ordinary course of pursuing their investment programs.
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NOTES
The following Notes should be read in connection with the above-described fundamental policies. The Notes are not fundamental policies.
Money funds With respect to investment restriction (1), the funds have no current intention of engaging in any borrowing transactions.
All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds With respect to investment restriction (2), the funds do not consider currency contracts or hybrid investments to be commodities.
All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds For purposes of investment restriction (4):
U.S., state, or local governments, or related agencies or instrumentalities, are not considered an industry.
Industries are determined by reference to the classifications of industries and sub-industries set forth in the Morgan Stanley Capital International/Standard & Poor`s (MSCI/S&P) Global Industry Classification Standard for the International Equity Funds, equity securities of the Tax-Efficient Funds, and Equity Funds except Developing Technologies, Financial Services, Global Technology, Media & Telecommunications, New Era, and Science & Technology Funds. For Developing Technologies, Global Technology, Media & Telecommunications, New Era, and Science & Technology Funds, industries are determined by reference to industry classifications set forth in their semiannual and annual reports. For the Corporate Income, Inflation Protected Bond, Institutional Core Plus, New Income, Short-Term Bond, Short-Term Income, U.S. Bond Index, and the fixed-income investments of the Balanced and Personal Strategy Funds, industries are determined by reference to the classifications of industries and sub-industries set forth in the Lehman Brothers Global Aggregate Bond Index (Lehman). For the Emerging Markets Bond, GNMA, High Yield, Institutional Emerging Markets Bond, Institutional High Yield, Institutional International Bond, International Bond, Prime Reserve, TRP Reserve Investment, Summit Income, and U.S. Treasury Funds, industries are determined by reference to industry classifications set forth in their semiannual and annual reports. Annual changes by MSCI/S&P or Lehman to their classifications will be implemented within 30 days after the effective date of the change. The Latin America Fund considers telephone companies of a single country to be a separate industry from telephone companies of any other country. The Africa & Middle East Fund considers the telephone and banking companies of a single country to be separate industries from the telephone and banking companies of any other country.
It is the position of the staff of the SEC that foreign governments are industries for purposes of this restriction. For as long as this staff position is in effect, the International Bond Funds will not invest more than 25% of total assets in the securities of any single foreign governmental issuer. For purposes of this restriction, governmental entities are considered separate issuers.
All funds except Summit Income and U.S. Bond Index Funds For purposes of investment restriction (5), the funds will consider the acquisition of a debt security to include the execution of a note or other evidence of an extension of credit with a term of more than nine months.
All funds except Spectrum Funds For purposes of investment restrictions (8) and (9), the funds will treat bonds which are refunded with escrowed U.S. government securities as U.S. government securities.
Taxable Bond and Money Funds For purposes of investment restrictions (8) and (9), the funds will consider a repurchase agreement fully collateralized with U.S. government securities to be U.S. government securities.
With respect to investment restriction (11), under the 1940 Act, an open-end investment company can borrow money from a bank provided that immediately after such borrowing there is asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings. If the asset coverage falls below 300%, the company must, within three business days, reduce the amount of its borrowings to satisfy the 300% requirement.
For purposes of investment restriction (13), the funds measure the amount of their income from taxable securities, including AMT securities, over the course of the funds` taxable year.
Operating Policies
As a matter of operating policy, the funds may not:
Borrowing Purchase additional securities when money borrowed exceeds 5% of total assets;
Control of Portfolio Companies Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising management or control;
Equity Securities (California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Tax-Free Funds) Purchase any equity security or security convertible into an equity security, provided that the funds (other than the Money Funds) may invest up to 10% of total assets in equity securities, which pay tax-exempt dividends and which are otherwise consistent with the funds` investment objectives and, further provided, that Money Funds may invest up to 10% of total assets in equity securities of other tax-free open-end money market funds;
Forward Currency Contracts (Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Purchase forward currency contracts, although the funds reserve the right to do so in the future;
(a)Futures Contracts (All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Purchase a futures contract or an option thereon if, with respect to positions in futures or options on futures which do not represent bona fide hedging, the aggregate initial margin and premiums on such options would exceed 5% of the funds` net asset value;
(b)Futures (Retirement and Spectrum International Funds) Purchase futures, although the funds reserve the right to do so in the future;
(c)Futures (Spectrum Growth and Spectrum Income Funds) Invest in futures;
Illiquid Securities Purchase illiquid securities if, as a result, more than 15% (10% for Spectrum and Money Funds) of net assets would be invested in such securities;
Investment Companies (All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Purchase securities of open-end or closed-end investment companies except (i) securities of the TRP Reserve Investment Funds (provided that the investing fund does not invest more than 25% of its total assets in such funds); (ii) securities of T. Rowe Price institutional funds; (iii) in the case of the Money Funds, only securities of other money market funds; and (iv) in the case of the California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Tax-Free Funds, only securities of other tax-free money market funds;
Margin (All funds except Spectrum Funds) Purchase securities on margin, except (i) for use of short-term credit necessary for clearance of purchases of portfolio securities and (ii) they may make margin deposits in connection with futures contracts or other permissible investments;
Mortgaging (All funds except Spectrum Funds) Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate, or, in any manner, transfer any security owned by the funds as security for indebtedness, except as may be necessary in connection with permissible borrowings or investments, and then such mortgaging, pledging, or hypothecating may not exceed 33xb6 /xb8 % of the funds` total assets at the time of borrowing or investment;
Oil and Gas Programs Purchase participations or other direct interests in or enter into leases with respect to oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the funds would be invested in such programs;
(a)Options, etc. (All funds except Retirement and Spectrum Funds) Invest in options in excess of the limits set forth in the funds` prospectuses and SAI;
(b)Options (Retirement Funds) Invest in options although the funds reserve the right to do so in the future;
(c)Options (Spectrum Funds) Invest in options;
(a)Short Sales (All funds except High Yield and Institutional High Yield Funds) Effect short sales of securities;
(b)Short Sales (High Yield and Institutional High Yield Funds) Effect short sales of securities, other than as set forth in the funds` prospectuses and this SAI; and
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Warrants Invest in warrants if, as a result, more than 10% of the value of the fund`s net assets would be invested in warrants, provided that, the Money, Retirement, Spectrum, State Tax-Free, Tax Free, and Summit Municipal Funds will not invest in warrants.
NOTES
The following Notes should be read in connection with the above-described operating policies. The Notes are not operating policies.
If a fund is subject to an 80% name test as set forth in its prospectus, it will be based on the fund`s net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes.
Blue Chip Growth, Capital Opportunity, Developing Technologies, Diversified Small-Cap Growth, Financial Services, Global Technology, Health Sciences, High Yield, Institutional High Yield, Media & Telecommunications, Mid-Cap Value, Personal Strategy, Real Estate, Summit Income, Summit Municipal, U.S. Bond Index, and Value Funds
Notwithstanding anything in the above fundamental and operating restrictions to the contrary, the funds listed above may invest all of their assets in a single investment company or a series thereof in connection with a "master-feeder" arrangement. Such an investment would be made where the funds (a "Feeder"), and one or more other funds with the same investment objective and program as the funds, sought to accomplish their investment objectives and programs by investing all of their assets in the shares of another investment company (the "Master"). The Master would, in turn, have the same investment objective and program as the funds. The funds would invest in this manner in an effort to achieve the economies of scale associated with having a Master fund make investments in portfolio companies on behalf of a number of Feeder funds.
International Funds
In addition to the restrictions described above, some foreign countries limit, or prohibit, all direct foreign investment in the securities of their companies. However, the governments of some countries have authorized the organization of investment funds to permit indirect foreign investment in such securities. For tax purposes, these funds may be known as Passive Foreign Investment Companies. The funds are subject to certain percentage limitations under the 1940 Act relating to the purchase of securities of investment companies, and may be subject to the limitation that no more than 10% of the value of the fund`s total assets may be invested in such securities.
Retirement and Spectrum Funds
There is no limit on the amount the funds may own of the total outstanding voting securities of registered investment companies which are members of the Price Funds. The funds, in accordance with their prospectuses, may invest more than 5% of their total assets in any one or more of the Price Funds. The funds may invest more than 10% of their total assets, collectively, in registered investment companies which are members of the Price Funds.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company is the custodian for the funds` U.S. securities and cash, but it does not participate in the funds` investment decisions. Portfolio securities purchased in the U.S. are maintained in the custody of the bank and may be entered into the Federal Reserve Book Entry System, or the security depository system of the Depository Trust Corporation, or any central depository system allowed by federal law. In addition, funds investing in municipal securities are authorized to maintain certain of their securities, in particular, variable rate demand notes, in uncertificated form, in the proprietary deposit systems of various dealers in municipal securities. State Street Bank`s main office is at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. State Street Bank maintains shares of the Retirement and Spectrum Funds in the book entry system of the funds` transfer agent, T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.
All funds that can invest in foreign securities have entered into a Custodian Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, London, pursuant to which portfolio securities which are purchased outside the United States are maintained in the custody of various foreign branches of JPMorgan Chase Bank and such other custodians,
including foreign banks and foreign securities depositories as are approved in accordance with regulations under the 1940 Act. The address for JPMorgan Chase Bank, London is Woolgate House, Coleman Street, London, EC2P 2HD, England.
CODE OF ETHICS
The funds, their investment adviser (T. Rowe Price International for international funds and T. Rowe Price for all other funds), and their principal underwriter (T. Rowe Price Investment Services) have a written Code of Ethics which requires persons with access to investment information ("Access Persons") to obtain prior clearance before engaging in personal securities transactions. Transactions must be executed within three business days of their clearance. In addition, all Access Persons must report their personal securities transactions within 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter. Aside from certain limited transactions involving securities in certain issuers with high trading volumes, Access Persons are typically not permitted to effect transactions in a security if: there are pending client orders in the security; the security has been purchased or sold by a client within seven calendar days; the security is being considered for purchase for a client; a change has occurred in T. Rowe Price`s rating of the security within seven calendar days prior to the date of the proposed transaction; or the security is subject to internal trading restrictions. In addition, Access Persons are prohibited from profiting from short-term trading (e.g., purchases and sales involving the same security within 60 days). Any person becoming an Access Person must file a statement of personal securities holdings within 10 days of this date. All Access Persons are required to file an annual statement with respect to their personal securities holdings. Any material violation of the Code of Ethics is reported to the Boards of the funds. The Boards also review the administration of the Code of Ethics on an annual basis.
DISCLOSURE OF FUND PORTFOLIO INFORMATION
Each fund`s portfolio holdings are disclosed on a regular basis in its semiannual and annual reports to shareholders as well as Form N-Q which is filed with the SEC within 60 days of a fund`s first and third fiscal quarter-end. In addition, the funds` Boards have adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the funds` portfolio securities and the disclosure of portfolio commentary and statistical information about the funds` portfolios and their securities. The policy on the general manner in which the funds` portfolio securities are disclosed is set forth in the funds` prospectuses. In addition, portfolio holdings with respect to periods prior to the most recent quarter-end may be disclosed upon request, subject to the sole discretion of T. Rowe Price.
This statement of additional information sets forth details of the funds` policy on portfolio holdings disclosure as well as the funds` policy on disclosing information about the funds` portfolios. In adopting the policies, the Boards of the funds took into account the views of the equity, fixed income and/or international steering committees of the funds` investment advisers on what information should be disclosed and when and to whom it should be disclosed. The steering committees have oversight responsibilities for managing the T. Rowe Price funds. Each steering committee is comprised of senior investment management personnel of T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International, as applicable. Each committee as a whole determines the funds` policy on the disclosure of portfolio holdings and related information. The funds` Boards believe the policies they have adopted are in the best interests of the funds and that they strike an appropriate balance between the desire of some persons for information about the funds` portfolios and the need to protect the funds from potentially harmful disclosures.
From time to time, officers of the funds, the funds` investment adviser or the funds` distributor (collectively "T. Rowe Price") may express their views orally or in writing on one or more of the funds` portfolio securities or may state that the funds have recently purchased or sold one or more securities. Such views and statements may be made to members of the press, shareholders in the funds, persons considering investing in the funds or representatives of such shareholders or potential shareholders, such as fiduciaries of a 401(k) plan or a trust and their advisers and rating and ranking organizations such as Lipper Inc. and Morningstar, Inc. The nature and content of the views and statements provided to each of these persons may differ. The securities subject to these views and statements may be ones that were purchased or sold since the funds` most recent quarter-end and
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therefore may not be reflected on the list of the funds` most recent quarter-end portfolio holdings disclosed on the Web site.
Additionally, T. Rowe Price may provide oral or written information ("portfolio commentary") about the funds, including, but not limited to, how the funds` investments are divided among various sectors, industries, countries, value and growth stocks, small-, mid-, and large-cap stocks, and among stocks, bonds, currencies, and cash, types of bonds, bond maturities, bond coupons, and bond credit quality ratings. This portfolio commentary may also include information on how these various weightings and factors contributed to fund performance. T. Rowe Price may also provide oral or written information ("statistical information") about various financial characteristics of the funds or their underlying portfolio securities including, but not limited to, alpha, beta, R-squared, duration, maturity, information ratio, Sharpe ratio, earnings growth, payout ratio, price/book value, projected earnings growth, return on equity, standard deviation, tracking error, weighted average quality, market capitalization, percent debt to equity, price to cash flow, dividend yield or growth, default rate, portfolio turnover, and risk and style characteristics. This portfolio commentary and statistical information about the funds may be based on the funds` most recent quarter-end portfolio or on some other interim period such as month-end. The portfolio commentary and statistical information may be provided to members of the press, shareholders in the funds, persons considering investing in the funds or representatives of such shareholders or potential shareholders, such as fiduciaries of a 401(k) plan or a trust and their advisers and rating and ranking organizations. The content and nature of the information provided to each of these persons may differ.
None of the persons described above will receive any of the information described above if, in the sole judgment of T. Rowe Price, the information could be used in a manner that would be harmful to the funds. The T. Rowe Price Code of Ethics contains a provision to this effect.
T. Rowe Price also discloses portfolio holdings in connection with the day-to-day operations and management of the funds. Full portfolio holdings are disclosed to the funds` custodians and auditors. Portfolio holdings are disclosed to the funds` pricing service vendors and other persons who provide systems or software support in connection with fund operations, including accounting, compliance support, and pricing. Portfolio holdings may also be disclosed to persons assisting the funds in the voting of proxies. In connection with managing the funds, the funds` investment advisers may use analytical systems provided by third parties who may have access to the funds` portfolio holdings. In all of these situations, the funds or T. Rowe Price have entered into an agreement with the outside party under which the party undertakes to maintain the funds` portfolio holdings on a confidential basis and to refrain from trading on the basis of the information. T. Rowe Price relies on these non-disclosure agreements in determining that such disclosures are not harmful to the funds. The names of these persons and the services they provide are set forth below under "Fund Service Providers." The policies and procedures adopted by the funds` Boards require that any additions to the list of "Fund Service Providers" be approved by specified officers at T. Rowe Price.
Additionally, when purchasing and selling its securities through broker-dealers, requesting bids on securities, obtaining price quotations on securities as well as in connection with litigation involving the funds` portfolio securities, the funds may disclose one or more of their securities. The funds have not entered into formal non-disclosure agreements in connection with these situations; however, the funds would not continue to conduct business with a person who T. Rowe Price believed was misusing the disclosed information.
Fund Service Providers
Service Provider
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Service
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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
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Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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JPMorgan Chase, London
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Custodian
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State Street Bank
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Custodian
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Jefferson Wells International
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Professional Staffing Service
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ADP
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Systems Vendor
|
American Stock Exchange
|
Systems Vendor
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Bloomberg
|
Systems Vendor
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Business Objects
|
Systems Vendor
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Charles River
|
Systems Vendor
|
Citigroup
|
Systems Vendor
|
Cognizant
|
Systems Vendor
|
COR Financial Solutions
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Systems Vendor
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DSTI
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Systems Vendor
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GCom2 Solutions
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Systems Vendor
|
Institutional Shareholder Services
|
Proxy and Systems Vendor
|
Interactive Data
|
Systems Vendor
|
Investor Tools, Inc.
|
Systems Vendor
|
Lehman Brothers
|
Systems Vendor
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Macgregor
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Systems Vendor
|
Mosiki
|
Systems Vendor
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Omgeo LLC
|
Systems Vendor
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REMO
|
Systems Vendor
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Serena
|
Systems Vendor
|
SmartStream Technologies
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Systems Vendor
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Vision
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Systems Vendor
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WCI Consulting
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Systems Vendor
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Wilshire
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Systems Vendor
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FT Interactive Data
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Pricing Vendor
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ITG, Inc.
|
Pricing and Systems Vendor
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JPMorgan Chase
|
Pricing Vendor
|
Reuters Fixed Income
|
Pricing Vendor
|
S&P/JJ Kenny
|
Pricing Vendor
|
Wall Street Concepts, Inc.
|
Pricing Vendor
|
PRICING OF SECURITIES
All Price Funds (except Money Funds and Fund-of-Funds)
Equity securities listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market are valued at the last quoted sale price or, for certain markets, the official closing price at the time the valuations are made, except for OTC Bulletin Board securities, which are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices for domestic securities and the last quoted sale price for international securities.
Debt securities are generally traded in the over-the-counter market. Securities with original maturities of one year or more are valued using prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service, which considers yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities. Securities with original maturities of less than one year are valued at amortized cost in local currency, which approximates fair value when combined with accrued interest.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the closing net asset value per share of the mutual fund on the day of valuation. Purchased and written options are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. Options on futures contracts are valued at the last sale price. Foreign currency forward contracts are valued using the prevailing forward exchange rate. Financial futures contracts are valued at the closing settlement price. Swap
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agreements are valued using prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service.
Assets, including investments, and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar values each day at the prevailing exchange rate, using the mean of the bid and asked prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars quoted by a major bank. Purchases and sales of securities, income, and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the dates of such transactions.
Trading in the portfolio securities of the funds may take place in various foreign markets on certain days (such as Saturday) when the funds are not open for business and do not calculate their net asset value. As a result, net asset values may be significantly affected by trading on days when shareholders cannot make transactions. In addition, trading in the funds` portfolio securities may not occur on days when the funds are open.
Money Funds
Securities are valued at amortized cost.
Fund-of-Funds
The underlying Price funds held by each fund are valued at their closing net asset value per share on the day of valuation.
All Price Funds
Other investments, including restricted securities, and those for which the above valuation procedures are inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value are stated at fair value as determined in good faith by the T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee, established by the funds` Boards.
NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
The purchase and redemption price of the funds` shares is equal to the funds` net asset value per share or share price. The funds determine their net asset value per share by subtracting their liabilities (including accrued expenses and dividends payable) from their total assets (the market value of the securities the funds hold plus cash and other assets, including income accrued but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total number of shares outstanding. The net asset value per share of the funds is calculated as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") every day the NYSE is open for trading.
Determination of net asset value (and the offering, sale, redemption, and repurchase of shares) for the funds may be suspended at times (a) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (b) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted, (c) during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the funds of securities owned by them is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the funds fairly to determine the value of their net assets, or (d) during which a governmental body having jurisdiction over the funds may by order permit such a suspension for the protection of the funds` shareholders, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC (or any succeeding governmental authority) shall govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b), (c), or (d) exist.
Money Funds
Maintenance of Money Funds` Net Asset Value per Share at $1.00
It is the policy of the funds to attempt to maintain a net asset value of $1.00 per share by using the amortized cost method of valuation permitted by Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Under this method, securities are valued by reference to the funds` acquisition costs as adjusted for amortization of premium or accumulation of discount, rather than by reference to their market value. Under Rule 2a-7:
(a)The Boards must establish written procedures reasonably designed, taking into account current market conditions and the funds` investment objectives, to stabilize the funds` net asset value per share, as computed for the purpose of distribution, redemption, and repurchase, at a single value;
(b)The funds must (i) maintain a dollarweighted average portfolio maturity appropriate to their objective of maintaining a stable price per share, (ii) not purchase any instrument with a remaining maturity greater than 397 days, and (iii) maintain a dollarweighted average portfolio maturity of 90 days or less;
(c)The funds must limit their purchase of portfolio instruments, including repurchase agreements, to those U.S. dollar-denominated instruments which the funds` Boards determine present minimal credit risks and which are eligible securities as defined by Rule 2a-7; and
(d)The Boards must determine that (i) it is in the best interest of the funds and the shareholders to maintain a stable net asset value per share under the amortized cost method; and (ii) the funds will continue to use the amortized cost method only so long as the Boards believe that it fairly reflects the market-based net asset value per share.
Although the funds believe that they will be able to maintain their net asset value at $1.00 per share under most conditions, there can be no absolute assurance that they will be able to do so on a continuous basis. If the funds` net asset value per share declined, or was expected to decline, below $1.00 (rounded to the nearest one cent), the Boards of the funds might temporarily reduce or suspend dividend payments in an effort to maintain the net asset value at $1.00 per share. As a result of such reduction or suspension of dividends, an investor would receive less income during a given period than if such a reduction or suspension had not taken place. Such action could result in an investor receiving no dividend for the period during which he holds his shares and in his receiving, upon redemption, a price per share lower than that which he paid. On the other hand, if the funds` net asset value per share were to increase, or were anticipated to increase, above $1.00 (rounded to the nearest one cent), the Boards of the funds might supplement dividends in an effort to maintain the net asset value at $1.00 per share.
Prime Reserve and TRP Reserve Investment Funds
Prime Money Market Securities Defined
Prime money market securities are those which are described as First Tier Securities under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. These include any security with a remaining maturity of 397 days or less that is rated (or that has been issued by an issuer that is rated with respect to a class of short-term debt obligations, or any security within that class that is comparable in priority and security with the security) by any two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) (or if only one NRSRO has issued a rating, that NRSRO) in the highest rating category for short-term debt obligations (within which there may be sub-categories). First Tier Securities also include unrated securities comparable in quality to rated securities, as determined by T. Rowe Price under the supervision of the funds` Boards.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Unless you elect otherwise, capital gain distributions, final quarterly dividends and annual dividends, if any, will be reinvested on the reinvestment date using the net asset values per share on that date. The reinvestment date normally precedes the payment date by one day, although the exact timing is subject to change and can be as great as 10 days.
TAX STATUS
The funds intend to qualify as "regulated investment companies" under Subchapter M of the Code.
In order to be subject to the special tax benefits applicable to regulated investment companies, the funds will be required to distribute the sum of 90% of their investment company taxable income and 90% of their net tax-exempt income, if any, each year. In order to avoid federal income tax, the funds must distribute all of their investment company taxable income and realized long-term capital gains for each fiscal year within 12 months after the end of the fiscal year. To avoid federal excise tax, the funds must declare dividends by December 31 of each year equal to at least 98% of ordinary income (as of December 31) and capital gains (as of October 31) and distribute such amounts prior to February 1 of the following calendar year. Shareholders are required to include
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such distributions in their income for federal income tax purposes whether dividends and capital gain distributions are paid in cash or in additional shares.
For individual shareholders, a portion of the funds` ordinary dividends representing "qualified dividend income" may be subject to tax at the lower rate applicable to long-term capital gains, rather than ordinary income. "Qualified dividend income" is composed of certain dividends received from domestic and qualified foreign corporations. It excludes dividends representing payments in lieu of dividends related to loaned securities, dividends received on certain hedged positions, and dividends on stocks the funds have not held for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock became ex-dividend (90 and 181 days for certain preferred stock). Individual shareholders can only apply the lower rate to the qualified portion of the funds` dividends if they have held the shares in the funds on which the dividends were paid for the holding period surrounding the ex-dividend date of the funds` dividends. Little, if any, of the ordinary dividends from the Tax-Free, Taxable Bond, and Taxable Money Funds is expected to qualify for this lower rate.
For corporate shareholders, a portion of the funds` ordinary dividends may be eligible for the 70% deduction for dividends received by corporations to the extent the funds` income consists of dividends paid by U.S. corporations. This deduction does not include dividends representing payments in lieu of dividends related to loaned securities, dividends received on certain hedged positions and dividends on stocks the funds have not held for more than 45 days during the 90-day period beginning 45 days before the stock became ex-dividend (90 and 180 days for certain preferred stock). Corporate shareholders can only apply the lower rate to the qualified portion of the funds` dividends if they have held the shares in the funds on which the dividends were paid for the holding period surrounding the ex-dividend date of the funds` dividends. Little, if any, of the ordinary dividends from the Tax-Free, International (except Global Stock Fund), Taxable Bond, and Taxable Money Funds is expected to qualify for this deduction. Long-term capital gain distributions paid by the funds are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
At the time of your purchase of shares (except in Money Funds), the funds` net asset value may reflect undistributed income, capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of securities held by the funds. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable as either dividend or capital gain distributions. The funds may be able to reduce the amount of such distributions by utilizing their capital loss carry-overs, if any. For federal income tax purposes, the funds are permitted to carry forward their net realized capital losses, if any, for eight years and realize net capital gains up to the amount of such losses without being required to pay taxes on, or distribute, such gains.
If, in any taxable year, a fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code: (1) the fund would be taxed at the normal corporate rates on the entire amount of its taxable income, if any, without a deduction for dividends or other distributions to shareholders; (2) the fund`s distributions, to the extent made out of the fund`s current or accumulated earnings and profits, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends regardless of whether they would otherwise have been considered capital gain dividends; (3) the fund may qualify for the 70% deduction for dividends received by corporations; and (4) foreign tax credits would not "pass through" to shareholders.
Taxation of Foreign Shareholders
The Code provides that dividends from ordinary income (which for this purpose, are deemed to include net short-term capital gains and each shareholder`s pro-rata share of foreign taxes paid by the funds—see discussion of "pass through" of the foreign tax credit to U.S. shareholders) will be subject to U.S. tax. For shareholders who are not engaged in a business in the United States, this tax would be imposed at the rate of 30% upon the gross amount of the dividends in the absence of a Tax Treaty providing for a reduced rate or exemption from U.S. taxation. The fund may designate a portion of its ordinary dividends as an "interest related dividend" or short-term capital gain dividend. For such portion, the fund would generally not be required to withhold the 30% tax applicable to foreign shareholders. However, the fund does not intend to elect to pass through the character of such dividends.
Distributions to foreign shareholders of net long-term capital gains realized by the funds may be subject to U.S. tax if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a U.S. business and the gains are connected with that business, or the shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was physically present in the United States during the tax year for more than 182 days. In addition, a fund which has 50% or more of the value of its assets in U.S. real property interests may be required to withhold up to 35% of capital gain distributions to foreign shareholders,
to the extent attributable to gains from the sale or exchange by the fund of a U.S. real property interest, and such foreign shareholder may be required to file a U.S. tax return. Such withholding is not required, however, unless the foreign shareholder owns more than 5% of the fund`s shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of such distributions (but ordinary dividend withholding rules as explained in the preceding paragraph would apply to such distributions). If, however, the fund`s shares are not more than 50% owned by U.S. persons, it may be required to withhold 10% of the proceeds on the sale of its shares by a foreign shareholder. Such foreign shareholder would also be required to file a U.S. tax return.
Retirement and Spectrum Funds
Distributions by the underlying Price funds, redemptions of shares in the underlying Price funds, and changes in asset allocations may result in taxable distributions of ordinary income or capital gains. In addition, the funds will generally not be able to currently offset gains realized by one underlying Price fund in which the funds invest against losses realized by another underlying Price fund. These factors could affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.
State Tax-Free and Tax-Free Funds
The funds anticipate that substantially all of the dividends to be paid by each fund will be exempt from federal income taxes. It is possible that a portion of the funds` dividends is not exempt from federal income taxes. You will receive a Form 1099-DIV and other information or IRS forms, as required, reporting the taxability of all dividends. The funds will also advise you of the percentage of your dividends, if any, which should be included in the computation of the alternative minimum tax. Social Security recipients who receive income dividends from tax-free funds may have to pay taxes on a portion of their Social Security benefits.
Because the income dividends of the funds are expected to be derived from tax-exempt interest on municipal securities, any interest on money you borrow that is directly or indirectly used to purchase fund shares is not deductible. Further, entities or persons that are "substantial users" (or persons related to "substantial users") of facilities financed by industrial development bonds should consult their tax advisers before purchasing shares of these funds. The income from such bonds may not be tax-exempt for such substantial users.
Foreign Taxes
Income received by the funds from sources within various foreign countries may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. Under the Code, if more than 50% of the value of the funds` total assets at the close of the taxable year comprises securities issued by foreign corporations or governments, the funds may file an election to "pass through" to the funds` shareholders any foreign income taxes as paid by the funds. There can be no assurance that the funds will be able to do so. Pursuant to this election, shareholders will be required to: (1) include in gross income, even though not actually received, their pro-rata share of foreign taxes paid by the funds; (2) treat their pro-rata share of foreign taxes paid by them; and (3) either deduct their pro-rata share of foreign taxes in computing their taxable income, or use it as a foreign tax credit against U.S. income taxes subject to certain limitations (but not both). A deduction for foreign taxes may only be claimed by a shareholder who itemizes deductions.
Foreign Currency Gains and Losses
Foreign currency gains and losses, including the portion of gain or loss on the sale of debt securities attributable to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, are taxable as ordinary income. If the net effect of these transactions is a gain, the ordinary income dividend paid by the funds will be increased. If the result is a loss, the ordinary income dividend paid by the funds will be decreased, or, to the extent such dividend has already been paid, it may be classified as a return of capital. Adjustments to reflect these gains and losses will be made at the end of the funds` taxable year.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
The funds may purchase the securities of certain foreign investment funds or trusts, called "passive foreign investment companies," for U.S. tax purposes. Such foreign investment funds or trusts are the only or primary way to invest in companies in certain countries. In addition to bearing their proportionate share of the funds` expenses (management fees and operating expenses), shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses of such foreign investment funds or trusts. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings are considered ordinary income regardless of how long the funds held the investment. In addition, the funds may be subject to corporate
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income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned from these investments and certain interest charges, regardless of whether such income and gains are distributed to shareholders.
To avoid such tax and interest, the funds intend to treat these securities as sold on the last day of their fiscal years and recognize any gains for tax purposes at that time; deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any gains resulting from these deemed sales for prior taxable years. Such gains and losses will be treated as ordinary income or losses. The funds will be required to distribute any resulting income, even though they have not sold the security and received cash to pay such distributions.
Investing in Mortgage Entities
Special tax rules may apply to the funds` investments in entities which invest in or finance mortgage debt. Such entities include REITs, residual interests in Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits or an entity which qualifies as a taxable mortgage pool under the Code. Although it is the practice of the funds not to invest in such entities, there is no guarantee that the funds will be able to sustain this practice or avoid an inadvertent investment.
The acquisition of an interest in such entities may result in the funds receiving excess inclusion income ("EII") in which case a portion of its distributions will be characterized as EII and shareholders receiving such distributions, including shares held through nominee accounts, will be deemed to have received EII. This can result in the funds being required to pay tax on the portion allocated to disqualified organizations: certain cooperatives, agencies or instrumentalities of a government or international organization, and tax-exempt organizations that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. In addition, such amounts will be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt organizations that are not disqualified organizations, and will be subject to a 30% withholding tax for shareholders who are not U.S. persons, notwithstanding any exemptions or rate reductions in any relevant tax treaties.
CAPITAL STOCK (MARYLAND CORPORATIONS)
All funds except Capital Appreciation, Equity Income, GNMA, and New America Growth Funds, and California Tax-Free Income Trust and State Tax-Free Income Trust
All of the funds, other than those listed immediately above, are organized as Maryland corporations ("Corporations") or series thereof. The funds` Charters authorize the Boards to classify and reclassify any and all shares which are then unissued, including unissued shares of capital stock into any number of classes or series; each class or series consisting of such number of shares and having such designations, such powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations, and restrictions as shall be determined by the Boards subject to the 1940 Act and other applicable law. The shares of any such additional classes or series might therefore differ from the shares of the present class and series of capital stock and from each other as to preferences, conversions, or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption, subject to applicable law, and might thus be superior or inferior to the capital stock or to other classes or series in various characteristics. The Boards may increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the funds have authorized to issue without shareholder approval.
Except to the extent that the funds` Boards might provide that holders of shares of a particular class are entitled to vote as a class on specified matters presented for a vote of the holders of all shares entitled to vote on such matters, there would be no right of class vote unless and to the extent that such a right might be construed to exist under Maryland law. The directors have provided that as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any class is required by the 1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by that class shall apply in lieu of any voting requirements established by the Maryland General Corporation Law. Otherwise, holders of each class of capital stock are not entitled to vote as a class on any matter. Accordingly, the preferences, rights, and other characteristics attaching to any class of shares might be altered or eliminated, or the class might be combined with another class or classes, by action approved by the vote of the holders of a majority of all the shares of all classes entitled to be voted on the proposal, without any additional right to vote as a class by the holders of the capital stock or of another affected class or classes.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote in the election of or removal of directors (to the extent hereinafter provided) and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing directors unless and until such time as less than a majority of the directors holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time the directors then in office will call a shareholders` meeting for the election of directors. Except as set forth above, the directors shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor directors. Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting in the election of directors can, if they choose to do so, elect all the directors of the funds, in which event the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any person as a director. As set forth in the By-Laws of
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the Corporations, a special meeting of shareholders of the Corporations shall be called by the secretary of the Corporations on the written request of shareholders entitled to cast (a) in the case of a meeting for the purpose of removing a director, at least ten (10) percent and (b) in the case of a meeting for any other purpose, at least 25 percent, in each case of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting, provided that any such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on. Shareholders requesting such a meeting must pay to the Corporations the reasonably estimated costs of preparing and mailing the notice of the meeting. The Corporations, however, will otherwise assist the shareholders seeking to hold the special meeting in communicating to the other shareholders of the Corporations to the extent required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act.
The series (and classes) set forth below have been established by the Boards under the Articles of Incorporation of the indicated Corporations. Each series represents a separate pool of assets of the Corporations` shares and has different objectives and investment policies. The Articles of Incorporation also provide that the Boards may issue additional series of shares. Each share of each fund represents an equal proportionate share in that fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions of income belonging to that fund as are declared by the directors. In the event of the liquidation of a fund, each share is entitled to a pro-rata share of the net assets of that fund. Classes represent separate shares in the funds but share the same portfolios as the indicated funds. Each fund is registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act as an open-end investment company, commonly known as a "mutual fund."
Maryland Corporations
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T. Rowe Price Balanced Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Corporate Income Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Developing Technologies Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Dividend Growth Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Dividend Growth Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Financial Services Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Global Technology Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Growth & Income Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Health Sciences Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price High Yield Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price High Yield Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Index Trust, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Extended Equity Market Index Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Institutional Equity Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Concentrated Large-Cap Value Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Growth Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Small-Cap Stock Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Institutional Income Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Core Plus Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional High Yield Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Institutional International Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Equity Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Foreign Equity Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Equity Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Institutional International Bond Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Africa & Middle East Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Europe & Mediterranean Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Stock Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price European Stock Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Global Stock Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Global Stock Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price International Discovery Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Japan Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Latin America Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price New Asia Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price International Index Fund, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price International Equity Index Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Media & Telecommunications Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price New Era Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price New Income Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price New Income Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Balanced Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Growth Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Income Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Prime Reserve Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Real Estate Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Retirement Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund—R Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Science & Technology Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Science & Technology Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Short-Term Bond Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Short-Term Bond Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Short-Term Income Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Value Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Value Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Spectrum Fund, Inc. (corporation)
Spectrum Growth Fund (series)
Spectrum Income Fund (series)
Spectrum International Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Summit Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Summit Cash Reserves Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Summit GNMA Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Money Market Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Income Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds, Inc. (corporation)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Balanced Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund (series)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Income Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Income Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price U.S. Bond Index Fund, Inc. (fund)
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T. Rowe Price U.S. Treasury Funds, Inc. (corporation)
U.S. Treasury Intermediate Fund (series)
U.S. Treasury Long-Term Fund (series)
U.S. Treasury Money Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Value Fund, Inc. (fund)
T. Rowe Price Value Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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Balanced Fund
On August 31, 1992, the T. Rowe Price Balanced Fund acquired substantially all of the assets of the Axe-Houghton Fund B, a series of Axe-Houghton Funds, Inc. As a result of this acquisition, the SEC requires that the historical performance information of the Balanced Fund be based on the performance of Fund B. Therefore, all performance information of the Balanced Fund prior to September 1, 1992, reflects the performance of Fund B and investment managers other than T. Rowe Price. Performance information after August 31, 1992, reflects the combined assets of the Balanced Fund and Fund B.
Media & Telecommunications Fund
On July 28, 1997, the fund converted its status from a closed-end fund to an open-end mutual fund. Prior to the conversion the fund was known as New Age Media Fund, Inc.
Small-Cap Stock Fund
Effective May 1, 1997, the fund`s name was changed from the T. Rowe Price OTC Fund to the T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund.
Equity Index 500 Fund
Effective January 30, 1998, the fund`s name was changed from T. Rowe Price Equity Index Fund to the T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE FUNDS (MASSACHUSETTS BUSINESS TRUSTS)
Capital Appreciation, Equity Income, GNMA, and New America Growth Funds, and California Tax-Free Income Trust and State Tax-Free Income Trust
For tax and business reasons, these funds were organized as Massachusetts business trusts ("Trusts"). Each fund is registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act as an open-end investment company, commonly known as a "mutual fund."
The Declaration of Trust permits the Boards to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of a single class. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Boards may issue additional series or classes of shares. Each share represents an equal proportionate beneficial interest in the funds. In the event of the liquidation of the funds, each share is entitled to a pro-rata share of the net assets of the funds.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote in the election of or removal of trustees (to the extent hereinafter provided) and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing trustees unless and until such time as less than a majority of the trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time the trustees then in office will call a shareholders` meeting for the election of trustees. Pursuant to Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act, holders of record of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the funds may remove a trustee by a vote cast in person or by proxy at a meeting called for that purpose. Except as set forth above, the trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting in the election of trustees can, if they choose to do so, elect all the trustees of the Trusts, in which event the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any person as a trustee. No amendments may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trusts.
Shares have no preemptive or conversion rights; the right of redemption and the privilege of exchange are described in the prospectus. Shares are fully paid and nonassessable, except as set forth below. The Trusts may be terminated (i) upon the sale of their assets to another open-end management investment company, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trusts, or (ii) upon liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Trusts, if approved by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trusts. If not so terminated, the Trusts will continue indefinitely.
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the funds. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the funds and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the funds or trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification from fund property for all losses and expenses of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the funds. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the funds themselves would be unable to meet their obligations, a possibility which T. Rowe Price believes is remote. Upon payment of any liability incurred by the funds, the shareholders of the funds paying such liability will be entitled to reimbursement from the general assets of the funds. The trustees intend to conduct the operations of the funds in such a way as to avoid, as far as possible, ultimate liability of the shareholders for liabilities of such funds.
The series and classes set forth below have been established by the Boards under the Declaration of Trust of the indicated trusts.
Massachusetts Business Trusts
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T. Rowe Price California Tax-Free Income Trust (trust)
California Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
California Tax-Free Money Fund (series)
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T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund (fund)
T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund (fund)
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund—Advisor Class (class)
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund—R Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price GNMA Fund (fund)
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T. Rowe Price New America Growth Fund (fund)
T. Rowe Price New America Growth Fund—Advisor Class (class)
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T. Rowe Price State Tax-Free Income Trust (trust)
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
Maryland Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
Maryland Tax-Free Money Fund (series)
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
New York Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
New York Tax-Free Money Fund (series)
Virginia Tax-Free Bond Fund (series)
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PROXY VOTING — Process and POLICIES
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International, Inc. recognize and adhere to the principle that one of the privileges of owning stock in a company is the right to vote on issues submitted to shareholder vote—such as election of directors and important matters affecting a company`s structure and operations. As an investment advisor with a fiduciary responsibility to its clients, T. Rowe Price analyzes the proxy statements of issuers whose stock is owned by the investment companies that it sponsors and serves as investment advisor. T. Rowe Price also is involved in the proxy process on behalf of its institutional and private counsel clients who have requested such service. For those private counsel clients who have not delegated their voting responsibility but who request advice, T. Rowe Price makes recommendations regarding proxy voting. T. Rowe Price reserves the right to decline to vote proxies in accordance with client-specific voting guidelines.
Proxy Administration
The T. Rowe Price Proxy Committee develops our firm`s positions on all major corporate issues, creates guidelines, and oversees the voting process. The Proxy Committee, composed of portfolio managers, investment operations managers, and internal legal counsel, analyzes proxy policies based on whether they would adversely affect shareholders` interests and make a company less attractive to own. In evaluating proxy policies each year, the Proxy Committee relies upon our own fundamental research, independent proxy research provided by third parties such as Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS") and Glass Lewis, and information presented by company managements and shareholder groups.
Once the Proxy Committee establishes its recommendations, they are distributed to the firm`s portfolio managers as voting guidelines. Ultimately, the portfolio manager decides how to vote on the proxy proposals of companies in his or her portfolio. Because portfolio managers may have differences of opinion on portfolio companies and their proxies, or their portfolios may have different investment objectives, these factors, among others, may lead to different votes between portfolios on the same proxies. When portfolio managers cast votes that are counter to the Proxy Committee`s guidelines, they are required to document their reasons in writing to the Proxy Committee. Annually, the Proxy Committee reviews T. Rowe Price`s proxy voting process, policies, and voting records.
T. Rowe Price has retained ISS, an expert in the proxy voting and corporate governance area, to provide proxy advisory and voting services. These services include in-depth research, analysis, and voting recommendations as well as vote execution, reporting, auditing and consulting assistance for the handling of proxy voting responsibility and corporate governance-related efforts. While the Proxy Committee relies upon ISS research in establishing T. Rowe Price`s voting guidelines—many of which are consistent with ISS positions—T. Rowe Price occasionally may deviate from ISS recommendations on general policy issues or specific proxy proposals.
Fiduciary Considerations
T. Rowe Price`s decisions with respect to proxy issues are made in light of the anticipated impact of the issue on the desirability of investing in the portfolio company. Proxies are voted solely in the interests of the client, Price Fund shareholders or, where employee benefit plan assets are involved, in the interests of plan participants and
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beneficiaries. Practicalities and costs involved with international investing may make it impossible at times, and at other times disadvantageous, to vote proxies in every instance. For example, we might refrain from voting if we or our agents are required to appear in person at a shareholder meeting or if the exercise of voting rights results in the imposition of trading or other ownership restrictions.
Consideration Given Management Recommendations
When determining whether to invest in a particular company, one of the key factors T. Rowe Price considers is the quality and depth of its management. As a result, T. Rowe Price believes that recommendations of management on most issues should be given weight in determining how proxy issues should be voted.
T. Rowe Price Voting Policies
Specific voting guidelines have been established by the Proxy Committee for recurring issues that appear on proxies, which are available to clients upon request. The following is a summary of the more significant T. Rowe Price policies:
Election of Directors
T. Rowe Price generally supports slates with a majority of independent directors. We withhold votes for outside directors that do not meet certain criteria relating to their independence or their inability to dedicate sufficient time to their board duties due to their commitment to other boards. We also withhold votes for inside directors serving on compensation, nominating, and audit committees and for directors who miss more than one-fourth of the scheduled board meetings. We may also withhold votes from inside directors for the failure to establish a formal nominating committee. T. Rowe Price supports shareholder proposals calling for a majority vote threshold for the election of directors.
Executive Compensation
Our goal is to assure that a company`s equity-based compensation plan is aligned with shareholders` long-term interests. While we evaluate most plans on a case-by-case basis, T. Rowe Price generally opposes compensation packages that provide what we view as excessive awards to a few senior executives or that contain excessively dilutive stock option plans. We base our review on criteria such as the costs associated with the plan, plan features, burn rates that are excessive in relation to the company`s peers, dilution to shareholders and comparability to plans in the company`s peer group. We generally oppose plans that give a company the ability to reprice options or to grant options at below market prices. For companies with particularly egregious pay practices we may withhold votes from compensation committee members, the CEO, or even the entire board.
Mergers and Acquisitions
T. Rowe Price considers takeover offers, mergers, and other extraordinary corporate transactions on a case-by-case basis to determine if they are beneficial to shareholders` current and future earnings stream and to ensure that our Price Funds and clients are receiving fair compensation in exchange for their investment.
Anti-takeover, Capital Structure, and Corporate Governance Issues
T. Rowe Price generally opposes anti-takeover measures and other proposals designed to limit the ability of shareholders to act on possible transactions. Such anti-takeover mechanisms include classified boards, supermajority voting requirements, dual share classes and poison pills. We also oppose proposals that give management a "blank check" to create new classes of stock with disparate rights and privileges. We generally support proposals to permit cumulative voting and those that seek to prevent potential acquirers from receiving a takeover premium for their shares. When voting on corporate governance proposals, we will consider the dilutive impact to shareholders and the effect on shareholder rights. We generally support shareholder proposals that call for the separation of the Chairman and CEO positions unless there are sufficient governance safeguards already in place. With respect to proposals for the approval of a company`s auditor, we typically oppose auditors who have a significant non-audit relationship with the company.
Social and Corporate Responsibility Issues
T. Rowe Price generally votes with a company`s management on social, environmental, and corporate responsibility issues unless they have substantial economic implications for the company`s business and operations that have not been adequately addressed by management.
Monitoring and Resolving Conflicts of Interest
The Proxy Committee is also responsible for monitoring and resolving possible material conflicts between the interests of T. Rowe Price and those of its clients with respect to proxy voting. We believe that due to the client-focused nature of our investment management business that the potential for conflicts of interests are relatively infrequent. Nevertheless, we have adopted safeguards to ensure that our proxy voting is not influenced by interests other than those of our clients. While membership on the Proxy Committee is diverse, it does not include individuals whose primary duties relate to client relationship management, marketing, or sales. Since our voting guidelines are predetermined by the Proxy Committee using recommendations from ISS, an independent third party, application of the T. Rowe Price guidelines to vote clients` proxies should in most instances adequately address any possible conflicts of interest. However, for proxy votes inconsistent with T. Rowe Price guidelines, the Proxy Committee reviews all such proxy votes in order to determine whether the portfolio manager`s voting rationale appears reasonable. The Proxy Committee also assesses whether any business or other relationships between T. Rowe Price and a portfolio company could have influenced an inconsistent vote on that company`s proxy. Issues raising possible conflicts of interest are referred to designated members of the Proxy Committee for immediate resolution prior to the time T. Rowe Price casts its vote. With respect to personal conflicts of interest, T. Rowe Price`s Code of Ethics requires all employees to avoid placing themselves in a "compromising position" where their interests may conflict with those of our clients and restricts their ability to engage in certain outside business activities. Portfolio managers or Proxy Committee members with a personal conflict of interest regarding a particular proxy vote must recuse themselves and not participate in the voting decisions with respect to that proxy.
Reporting
Vote Summary Reports are generated for each client that requests T. Rowe Price to furnish proxy voting records. The report specifies the portfolio companies, meeting dates, proxy proposals, votes cast for the client during the period, and the position taken with respect to each issue. Reports normally cover quarterly or annual periods. If you wish to receive a copy of your account`s voting record, please contact your T. Rowe Price Client Relationship Manager.
Retirement and Spectrum Funds
The funds own shares in underlying T. Rowe Price funds. If an underlying T. Rowe Price fund has a shareholder meeting, the Retirement and Spectrum Funds normally would vote their shares in the underlying fund in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders of the underlying fund. This is known as "echo voting" and is designed to avoid any potential for a conflict of interest.
T. Rowe Price Proxy Vote Disclosure
T. Rowe Price funds make broad disclosure of their proxy votes on troweprice.com and on the SEC`s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. All funds, regardless of their fiscal years, must file with the SEC by August 31, their proxy voting records for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
FEDERAL REGISTRATION OF SHARES
The funds` shares (except for TRP Government Reserve Investment and TRP Reserve Investment Funds) are registered for sale under the 1933 Act. Registration of the funds` shares are not required under any state law, but the funds are required to make certain filings with and pay fees to the states in order to sell their shares in the states.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, whose address is 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, is legal counsel to the funds.
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RATINGS OF COMMERCIAL PAPER
Moody`s Investors Service, Inc. P-1 superior capacity for repayment. P-2 strong capacity for repayment. P-3 acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations.
Standard & Poor`s Corporation A-1 highest category, degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation. A-2 satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest. A-3 adequate capacity for timely payment, but are more vulnerable to adverse effects of changes in circumstances than higher-rated issues. B and C speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Fitch Ratings F-1+ exceptionally strong credit quality, strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. F-1 very strong credit quality. F-2 good credit quality, having a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment. F-3 fair credit quality, assurance for timely payment is adequate, but adverse changes could cause the securities to be rated below investment grade.
Moody`s Investors Service, Inc. The rating of Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody`s. Among the factors considered by Moody`s in assigning ratings are the following: valuation of the management of the issuer; economic evaluation of the issuer`s industry or industries and an appraisal of speculative-type risks which may be inherent in certain areas; evaluation of the issuer`s products in relation to competition and customer acceptance; liquidity; amount and quality of long-term debt; trend of earnings over a period of 10 years; financial strength of the parent company and the relationships which exist with the issuer; and recognition by the management of obligations which may be present or may arise as a result of public interest questions and preparations to meet such obligations. These factors are all considered in determining whether the commercial paper is rated P1, P2, or P3.
Standard & Poor`s Corporation Commercial paper rated A (highest quality) by S&P has the following characteristics: liquidity ratios are adequate to meet cash requirements; long-term senior debt is rated "A" or better, although in some cases "BBB" credits may be allowed. The issuer has access to at least two additional channels of borrowing. Basic earnings and cash flow have an upward trend with allowance made for unusual circumstances. Typically, the issuer`s industry is well established and the issuer has a strong position within the industry. The reliability and quality of management are unquestioned. The relative strength or weakness of the above factors determines whether the issuer`s commercial paper is rated A1, A2, or A3.
Fitch Ratings Fitch 1—Highest grade Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. Fitch 2—Very good grade Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.
RATINGS OF CORPORATE AND MUNICIPAL DEBT SECURITIES
Moody`s Investors Service, Inc.
Aaa—Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edge."
Aa—Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds.
A—Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade obligations.
Baa—Bonds rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba—Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements: their futures cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B—Bonds rated B generally lack the characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa—Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default, or there may be present elements of danger with respect to repayment of principal or payment of interest.
Ca—Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C—Bonds rated C represent the lowest rated and have extremely poor prospects of attaining investment standing.
Standard & Poor`s Corporation
AAA—This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor`s to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.
AA—Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong.
A—Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB—Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C—Bonds rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded on balance as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer`s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
D—In default.
Fitch Ratings
AAA—High grade, broadly marketable, suitable for investment by trustees and fiduciary institutions, and liable to slight market fluctuation other than through changes in the money rate. The prime feature of an AAA bond is the showing of earnings several times or many times interest requirements for such stability of applicable interest that safety is beyond reasonable question whenever changes occur in conditions. Other features may enter, such as wide margin of protection through collateral, security, or direct lien on specific property. Sinking funds or voluntary reduction of debt by call or purchase are often factors, while guarantee or assumption by parties other than the original debtor may influence the rating.
AA—Of safety virtually beyond question and readily salable. Their merits are not greatly unlike those of AAA class, but a bond so rated may be junior, though of strong lien, or the margin of safety is less strikingly broad. The issue may be the obligation of a small company, strongly secured, but influenced as to rating by the lesser financial power of the enterprise and more local type of market.
A—Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor`s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB—Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor`s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C—Bonds rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded on balance as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer`s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation for bond issues not in default. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree
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of speculation. The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, and the current and prospective financial condition and operating performance of the issuer.
RATINGS OF MUNICIPAL NOTES AND VARIABLE RATE SECURITIES
Moody`s Investors Service, Inc. VMIG1/MIG-1 the best quality. VMIG2/MIG-2 high quality, with margins of protection ample, though not so large as in the preceding group. VMIG3/MIG-3 favorable quality, with all security elements accounted for, but lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Market access for refinancing, in particular, is likely to be less well established. SG adequate quality, but there is specific risk.
Standard & Poor`s Corporation SP-1 very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation. SP-2 satisfactory capacity to pay interest and principal. SP-3 speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Fitch Ratings F-1+ exceptionally strong credit quality, strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. F-1 very strong credit quality. F-2 good credit quality, having a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment. F-3 fair credit quality, assurance for timely payment is adequate, but adverse changes could cause the securities to be rated below investment grade.
Redemptions in Kind
The funds have filed a notice of election under Rule 18f-1 of the 1940 Act. This permits the funds to effect redemptions in kind and in cash as set forth in the funds` prospectuses.
In the unlikely event a shareholder were to receive an in-kind redemption of portfolio securities of the funds, it would be the responsibility of the shareholder to dispose of the securities. The shareholder would be at risk that the value of the securities would decline prior to their sale, that it would be difficult to sell the securities, and that brokerage fees could be incurred.
Issuance of Fund Shares for Securities
Transactions involving issuance of fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be limited to (1) bona fide reorganizations; (2) statutory mergers; or (3) other acquisitions of portfolio securities that: (a) meet the investment objectives and policies of the funds; (b) are acquired for investment and not for resale except in accordance with applicable law; (c) have a value that is readily ascertainable via listing on or trading in a recognized United States or international exchange or market; and (d) are not illiquid.
INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Stock
|
206
|
|
Net Asset Value per Share
|
202
|
Code of Ethics
|
198
|
|
Organization of the Funds
|
211
|
Custodian
|
198
|
|
Other Shareholder Services
|
110
|
Derivative Investments
|
176
|
|
Part I
|
5
|
Disclosure of Fund Portfolio Information
|
199
|
|
Part II
|
142
|
Distributor for the Funds
|
115
|
|
Portfolio Management Practices
|
190
|
Dividends and Distributions
|
203
|
|
Portfolio Transactions
|
118
|
Federal Registration of Shares
|
214
|
|
Pricing of Securities
|
201
|
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
140
|
|
Principal Holders of Securities
|
69
|
Investment Management Agreements
|
94
|
|
Proxy Voting — Process and Policies
|
212
|
Investment Objectives and Policies
|
142
|
|
Ratings of Commercial Paper
|
215
|
Investment Program
|
161
|
|
Ratings of Corporate and Municipal Debt Securities
|
215
|
Investment Restrictions
|
193
|
|
Ratings of Municipal Notes and Variable Rate Securities
|
217
|
Legal Counsel
|
215
|
|
Risk Factors
|
142
|
Management of the Funds
|
11
|
|
Tax Status
|
203
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PAGE 261