STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

FEBRUARY 1, 2024

 

HILLMAN VALUE FUND 

Ticker Symbol: HCMAX

 

ALPS Series Trust 

1290 Broadway, Suite 1000 

Denver, CO 80203

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the current Prospectus for shares of the Hillman Value Fund (the “Fund”), which is a separate series ALPS Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). The series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own objective and policies. Hillman Capital Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser of the Fund.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s current prospectus dated February 1, 2024, as supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by writing the Hillman Value Fund at the address listed above, or by calling the Fund’s transfer agent at 855-400-5944. The Fund’s most recent Annual Report, if any, is incorporated by reference into this SAI and can be obtained free of charge, by calling the toll-free number printed above.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
Organization and Classification 1
Additional Investment Activities and Risks 1
Investment Limitations 15
Portfolio Turnover 16
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 17
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 19
Purchase, Exchange and Redemption of Shares 21
Trustees and Officers 22
Investment Manager 29
Distributor 30
Code of Ethics 30
Administrator 30
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 30
Principal Shareholders 31
Expenses 31
Portfolio Managers 31
Net Asset Value 34
Federal Income Taxes 35
Description of the Trust 46
Other Information about the Fund 47
Performance Information 48
Financial Statements 48
Appendix A - Description of Securities Ratings A-1
Appendix B - Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures B-1

 

ORGANIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION

 

ALPS Series Trust 

 

This SAI includes information about the Hillman Value Fund. The Fund is a series of the ALPS Series Trust (the “Trust”), an open-end, management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 12, 2012.

 

The Hillman Value Fund (“the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of Hillman Capital Management Investment Trust, reorganized into the Fund on March 15, 2021. The Predecessor Fund also was advised by Hillman Capital Management, Inc.

 

Classification 

 

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or non-diversified. The Fund is considered a diversified fund under this classification.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND RISKS

 

The Fund’s principal investment objectives and strategies are discussed in the Prospectus under the “SUMMARY SECTION” for the Fund and under “INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES.” In order to achieve its investment objective, the Fund generally makes investments of the sort described in the Prospectus.

 

The Fund may also invest in certain types of securities, or engage in certain investment activities, as generally discussed below. In addition, the Fund may be subject to additional risks in connection with its investments in such securities or as a result of the Fund’s investment strategies or activities.

 

General Investment Risks. All investments in securities and other financial instruments involving a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the Fund’s investments and their risks in this SAI and the Prospectus.

 

Equity Securities. The Fund may invest in equity securities, both directly and indirectly through the Fund’s investment in shares of other investment companies. The equity portion of the Fund’s portfolio may be comprised of common stocks traded on domestic securities exchanges or on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market. In addition to common stocks, the equity portion of each Fund’s portfolio may also include preferred stocks, convertible preferred stocks, and convertible bonds. Prices of equity securities in which the Fund invests (either directly or indirectly through the Fund’s investment in shares of other investment companies) may fluctuate in response to many factors, including, but not limited to, the activities of the individual companies whose securities the Fund owns, general market and economic conditions, interest rates, and specific industry changes. Such price fluctuations subject the Fund to potential losses. In addition, regardless of any one company’s prospects, a declining stock market may produce a decline in prices for all equity securities, which could also result in losses for the Fund. Market declines may continue for an indefinite period, and investors should understand that during temporary or extended bear markets, the value of equity securities will decline.

1

 

Money Market Instruments. The Fund may invest in money market instruments which may include U.S. Government securities or corporate debt securities (including those subject to repurchase agreements). Money market instruments also may include banker’s acceptances and certificates of deposit of domestic branches of U.S. banks, commercial paper and variable amount demand master notes (“Master Notes”). Banker’s acceptances are time drafts drawn on and “accepted” by a bank. When a bank “accepts” such a time draft, it assumes liability for its payment. When the Fund acquires a banker’s acceptance the bank which “accepted” the time draft is liable for payment of interest and principal when due. The banker’s acceptance carries the full faith and credit of such bank. A certificate of deposit (“CD”) is an unsecured interest-bearing debt obligation of a bank. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt obligation of a bank, corporation or other borrower. Commercial paper maturities generally range from two to 270 days and it is usually sold on a discounted basis rather than as an interest-bearing instrument. The Fund will invest in commercial paper only if it is rated one of the top two rating categories by Moody’s, S&P, or Fitch Investors Service, Inc. (“Fitch”) or, if not rated, is of equivalent quality in the Adviser’s opinion. Commercial paper may include Master Notes of the same quality. Master Notes are unsecured obligations which are redeemable upon demand of the holder and which permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest. Master Notes will be acquired by the Fund only through the Master Note program of the Fund’s custodian bank, acting as administrator thereof. The Adviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the earnings power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuer of a Master Note held by the Fund.

 

Investment Companies. The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies. The Fund’s investments in such securities involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results, which would not be present in a direct investment in the underlying fund. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, the Fund will be prevented from: (i) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company’s outstanding shares; (ii) investing more than 5% of the Fund’s assets in any single such investment company, and (iii) investing more than 10% of the Fund’s assets in investment companies overall; unless: (a) the underlying investment company and/or the applicable Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the SEC; and (b) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In addition, the Fund is subject to Section 12(d)(1)(C), which provides that the Fund may not acquire shares of a closed-end fund if, immediately after such acquisition, the Fund and other investment companies having the same adviser as the Fund would hold more than 10% of the closed-end fund’s total outstanding voting stock. However, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the limitations of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding shares of such investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund. Investments by the Fund in other investment companies entail a number of risks unique to a fund of funds structure. These risks include the following:

 

Multiple Layers of Fees. By investing in other investment companies indirectly through the Fund, prospective investors will directly bear the fees and expenses of the Fund’s Adviser and indirectly bear the fees and expenses of other investment companies and other investment companies’ managers as well. As such, this multiple or duplicative layer of fees will increase the cost of investments in the Fund.

 

Lack of Transparency. The Adviser will not be able to monitor the investment activities of the other investment companies on a continuous basis and the other investment companies may use investment strategies that differ from its past practices and are not fully disclosed to the Adviser and that involve risks that are not anticipated by the Adviser. The Fund has no control over the risks taken by the underlying investment companies in which they invest.

2

 

Valuation of Investment Companies. Although the Adviser will attempt to review the valuation procedures used by other investment companies’ managers, the Adviser will have little or no means of independently verifying valuations of the Fund’s investments in investment companies and valuations of the underlying securities held by other investment companies. As such, the Adviser will rely significantly on valuations of other investment companies and the securities underlying other investment companies that are reported by other investment companies’ managers. In the event that such valuations prove to be inaccurate, the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund could be adversely impacted and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.

 

Illiquidity of Investments by and In Other Investment Companies. Other investment companies may invest in securities that are not registered, are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer, or for which no liquid market exists. The market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be volatile and restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to legal restrictions on resale. Further, the Fund may not be able to redeem their interests in other investment companies’ securities that it has purchased in a timely manner. If adverse market conditions were to develop during any period in which the Fund is unable to redeem interests in other investment companies, the Fund may suffer losses as a result of this illiquidity. As such, the lack of liquidity and volatility of restricted securities held by other investment companies could adversely affect the value of the other investment companies. Any such losses could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.

 

Lack of Control. Although the Fund and the Adviser will evaluate regularly other investment companies to determine whether their investment programs are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser will not have any control over the investments made by other investment companies. Even though other investment companies are subject to certain constraints, the investment Adviser to each such investment company may change aspects of their investment strategies at any time. The Adviser will not have the ability to control or influence the composition of the investment portfolio of other investment companies.

 

Lack of Diversification. There is no requirement that the underlying investments held by other investment companies be diversified. As such, other investment companies’ managers may target or concentrate other investment companies’ investments in specific markets, sectors, or types of securities. As a result, investments made by other investment companies are subject to greater volatility as a result of this concentration than if the other investment companies had non-concentrated and diversified portfolios of investments. Thus, the Fund’s portfolios (and by extension the value of an investment in the Fund) may therefore be subject to greater risk than the portfolio of a similar fund with investments in diversified investment companies.

 

Use of Leverage. The other investment companies may utilize leverage (i.e., borrowing) to acquire their underlying portfolio investments. When other investment companies borrow money or otherwise leverage their portfolio of investments, doing so may exaggerate changes in the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares of the other investment companies and in the return on the other investment companies’ investments. Borrowing will also cost other investment companies interest expense and other fees. As such, the value of the Fund’s investments in other investment companies may be more volatile and all other risks (including the risk of loss of an investment in other investment companies) tend to be compounded or magnified. As a result, any losses suffered by other investment companies as a result of their use of leverage could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and an investor could incur a loss of investment in the Fund.

 

Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs are traded on a securities exchange based on their market value. An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional registered investment company (i.e., one that is not exchange traded). In addition, all ETFs will have costs and expenses that will be passed on to the Fund, which will in turn increase the Fund’s expenses. ETFs are also subject to the following risks that often do not apply to conventional investment companies: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to the ETF’s NAV, and as a result, ETFs may experience more price volatility than other types of portfolio investments and which could negatively impact the Fund’s NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained at a sufficient volume; (iii) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange deems such action appropriate; and (iv) ETF shares may be delisted from the exchange on which they trade, or “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices used by the exchange) may temporarily halt trading in the ETF’s stock. ETFs are also subject to the risks of the underlying securities the ETF holds. Finally, there may be legal limitations and other conditions imposed by SEC rules on the amount of the ETF shares that the Fund may acquire.

3

 

Illiquid Investments. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. This restriction is not limited to the time of purchase. Under the supervision of the Trustees, the Adviser determines the liquidity of the Fund’s investments and, through reports from the Adviser, the Trustees monitor investments in illiquid instruments. In determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, the Adviser may consider various factors including (i) the frequency of trades and quotations; (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; (iv) the nature of the security (including any demand or tender features); and (v) the nature of the marketplace for trades (including the ability to assign or offset the Fund’s rights and obligations relating to the investment). Investments currently considered by the Fund to be illiquid include repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal and interest within seven days. If, through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, the Fund were in a position where more than 10% of its net assets were invested in illiquid securities, it would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity. Investment in illiquid securities poses risks of potential delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund may be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices.

 

Fixed-Income Securities. The Fund will invest in fixed-income securities directly or indirectly through its investments in shares of ETFs, including government and corporate bonds, money market instruments, high yield securities or “junk bonds” and zero-coupon bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from their face values and accrue interest at the applicable coupon rate over a period of time. Fixed-income securities purchased by the Fund may consist of obligations of any rating. Fixed-income securities in the lowest investment grade categories have speculative characteristics, with changes in the economy or other circumstances more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the bonds to make principal and interest payments than would occur with bonds rated in higher categories.

 

High yield bonds are typically rated below “Baa” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below “BBB” by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies. The Fund may also invest in other mutual funds that invest in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain circumstances. Such bonds are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds for a variety of reasons, including:

 

Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Change. The economy and interest rates affect high yield securities differently than other securities. For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a bond defaults, an underlying mutual fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility or market prices of high yield bonds and the Underlying Fund’s asset values.

4

 

Payment Expectations. High yield bonds present certain risks based on payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high yield bond’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of the Fund’s or other investment company’s assets. If the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund’s or other investment company’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the Fund’s or other investment company’s rate of return.

 

Liquidity and Valuation. To the extent that there is no established retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this may impact a fund’s ability to accurately value high yield bonds and may hinder a fund’s ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially in a thinly traded market.

 

Credit Ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, because credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events, the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in their portfolios to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the bonds’ liquidity so the Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests can meet redemption requests.

 

High-yield securities are deemed speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal over a long period of time. Special tax considerations are associated with investing in high-yield securities structured as zero coupon or “pay-in-kind” securities. The Fund or an investment company in which the Fund invests, will report the interest on these securities as income even though it receives no cash interest until the security’s maturity or payment date. The payment of principal and interest on most fixed-income securities purchased by a fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its fixed-income securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on, and principal of, its fixed-income securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.

 

The ratings of S&P, Moody’s and other nationally recognized rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of fixed-income securities. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and fixed-income securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different yields while fixed-income securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same yield. For a more detailed description of ratings, please see Appendix A.

 

Corporate and Municipal Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in fixed income investments, including corporate, municipal, or other government debt securities. Corporate and municipal debt obligations purchased by the Fund may be any credit quality, maturity, or yield. Accordingly, the Fund’s debt securities may include “investment grade” securities (those rated at least Baa by Moody’s, BBB by S&P or Fitch or, if not rated, of equivalent quality in the Adviser’s opinion). In addition, the Fund’s debt securities may include lower-rated debt securities including, without limitation, junk bonds. Debt obligations rated Baa by Moody’s or BBB by S&P or Fitch may be considered speculative and are subject to risks of non-payment of interest and principal. Debt obligations rated lower than Baa by Moody’s or lower than BBB by S&P or Fitch are generally considered speculative and subject to significant risks of nonpayment of interest and principal. While the Adviser utilizes the ratings of various credit rating services as one factor in establishing creditworthiness, it relies primarily upon its own analysis of factors establishing creditworthiness.

5

 

U.S. Government Securities. The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities, defined to be U.S. Government obligations such as U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, and U.S. Treasury bills, obligations guaranteed by the U.S. Government such as Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) as well as obligations of U.S. Government authorities, agencies, and instrumentalities such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Federal Farm Credit Bank (“FFCB”), Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”), and The Tennessee Valley Authority. U.S. Government securities may also be acquired subject to repurchase agreements. While obligations of some U.S. Government sponsored entities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are not. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities that are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, since it is not obligated to do so by law. The guarantee of the U.S. Government does not extend to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares.

 

Derivative Instruments Risk. When the Fund enters into options, futures, and other forms of financial derivatives, such as foreign exchange contracts, the investments involve risks different from direct investments in the underlying securities. While transactions in derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance of the Fund than if they had not entered into any derivatives transactions. Derivatives may magnify the Fund’s gains or losses, causing it to make or lose substantially more than it invested. If the Fund does use derivative instruments, the Fund will comply with the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. The Fund has no specific limit on the amount it invest in derivatives, although practical limits are created by the requirement.

 

When used for hedging purposes, increases in the value of the securities the Fund hold or intend to acquire should offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose the Fund to greater risks.

 

The Fund’s ability to hedge securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the securities the Fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the same direction as the hedging instrument. The Adviser will try to minimize this risk by investing only in those contracts whose behavior it expects to resemble with the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if the Fund’s prediction of interest and currency rates, market value, volatility, or other economic factors is incorrect, the Fund may lose money, or may not make as much money as it expected.

 

Derivative prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the characteristics of the underlying instruments are very similar to the derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a divergence:

 

  current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract;
  a difference between the derivatives and securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the instruments are traded, the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading of an instrument stops; and
  differences between the derivatives, such as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets, and the participation of speculators in such markets.

6

 

Derivatives based upon a narrow index of securities may present greater risk than derivatives based on a broad index. Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of securities, they are more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations because of changes in the value of those securities.

 

While currency futures and options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the investments of the Fund. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Fund against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of the Fund’s foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Fund’s investments precisely over time.

 

Before a futures contract or option is exercised or expires, the Fund can terminate it only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, the Fund may close out a futures contract only on the exchange the contract was initially traded. Although the Fund intends to purchase options and futures only where there appears to be an active market, there is no guarantee that such a liquid market will exist. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to close out a position. In an illiquid market, the Fund may:

 

  have to sell securities to meet its daily margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so;
  have to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the contract;
  not be able to hedge its investments; and
  not be able to realize profits or limit its losses.

 

Derivatives may become illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety of market conditions. For example:

 

  an exchange may suspend or limit trading in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of derivatives,
  or all derivatives, which sometimes occurs because of increased market volatility;
  unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations of an exchange;
  the facilities of the exchange may not be adequate to handle current trading volume;
  equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house, or other
  occurrences may disrupt normal trading activity; or
  investors may lose interest in a particular derivative or category of derivatives.

 

If the Adviser incorrectly predicts securities market and interest rate trends, the Fund may lose money by investing in derivatives. For example, if the Fund were to write a call option based on the Adviser’s expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if the Fund were to write a put option based on the Adviser’s expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the Fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

 

Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to the Fund and they may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.

 

If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. The Fund may lose margin deposits if a broker with whom they have an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.

7

 

The prices of derivatives are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially, and unpredictably) and are influenced by a variety of factors, including:

 

  actual and anticipated changes in interest rates;
  fiscal and monetary policies; and
  national and international political events.

 

Most exchanges limit the amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading day. Daily trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this value, the Fund may not trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days, preventing prompt liquidation of the derivative.

 

Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to predict fully the effects of legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse.

 

The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The SEC, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

 

The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S., the European Union and other jurisdictions is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies.

 

Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared, and additional types of swaps may be required to be centrally cleared in the future. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of a clearing house and only clearing members can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

 

In addition, U.S. regulators, the European Union and certain other jurisdictions have adopted minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared OTC derivatives transactions. It is expected that these regulations will have a material impact on the Fund’s use of uncleared derivatives. These rules will impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Fund and its swap counterparties and may increase the amount of margin the Fund is required to provide. They will impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring margin, which may accelerate the Fund’s current margin process. They will also effectively require changes to typical derivatives margin documentation. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin the Fund needs to provide in connection with uncleared derivatives transactions and, therefore, make such transactions more expensive.

8

 

Options. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on securities. The purchase and writing of options involves certain risks. During the option period, a call writer that holds the underlying security has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options market, the Fund may be unable to close out a position.

 

The Fund may write a call or put option such that the option is “covered”   by holding a position in the underlying securities or by other means which would permit immediate satisfaction of the Fund’s obligation as writer of the option. A written call option creates a potential obligation to sell the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, the Fund could (i) hold the security underlying the written option; or (ii) hold an offsetting call option (one with a strike price that is the same or lower than the strike price of the written option). A written put option creates a potential obligation to buy the underlying security. In order to make sure that this obligation can be met, the Fund could (i) sell short the underlying security at the same or higher price than the strike price of the written put option; or (ii) hold an offsetting put option (one with a strike price that is the same or higher than the strike price of the written option).

 

Options offer large amounts of leverage, which will result in the Fund’s NAV being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. The Fund may purchase or write both exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between the Fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the Fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

 

The Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.

 

If the Fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, due to the absence of a counterparty or secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by the Fund could cause material losses because the Fund would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.  

 

Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or instrument. Options purchased by the Fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the Fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

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Short Sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When the Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers the short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

To the extent the Fund sells securities short, the Fund will take measures that assure its obligation to purchase the security in the future will be met, including (i) holding the security sold short (selling short “against the box”); or (ii) holding an offsetting call option (one with a strike price that is the same or lower than the price at which the security was sold short). If the Fund does not have the assets to cover a short sale, then the Fund’s potential losses on the short will be unlimited because the security’s price may appreciate indefinitely. Under no circumstances will the Adviser commit more than 25% of the Fund’s assets to short sales “against the box.”

 

Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a bilateral agreement to buy or sell a security (or deliver a cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contracts) for a set price in the future. Futures contracts are designated by boards of trade which have been designated “contracts markets” by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). No purchase price is paid or received when the contract is entered into. Instead, the Fund, upon entering into a futures contract (and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts), would be required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. Government securities, suitable money market instruments, or liquid, high-grade debt securities, known as “initial margin.” The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. By using futures contracts as a risk management technique, given the greater liquidity in the futures market than in the cash market, it may be possible to accomplish certain results more quickly and with lower transaction costs.

 

If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) such that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract such that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” The Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial and variation margin deposits.

 

The Fund will incur brokerage fees when they purchase and sell futures contracts. Positions taken in the futures markets are not normally held until delivery or cash settlement is required, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions that may result in a gain or a loss. While futures positions taken by the Fund will usually be liquidated in this manner, the Fund may instead make or take delivery of underlying securities whenever it appears economically advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing organization associated with the exchange on which futures are traded assumes responsibility for closing out transactions and guarantees that as between the clearing members of an exchange, the sale and purchase obligations will be performed with regard to all positions that remain open at the termination of the contract.

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Securities Index Futures Contracts. Purchases or sales of securities index futures contracts may be used in an attempt to protect the Fund’s current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in securities prices. A securities index futures contract does not require the physical delivery of securities, but merely provides for profits and losses resulting from changes in the market value of the contract to be credited or debited at the close of each trading day to the respective accounts of the parties to the contract. On the contract’s expiration date a final cash settlement occurs and the futures positions are simply closed out. Changes in the market value of a particular index futures contract reflect changes in the specified index of securities on which the future is based.

 

By establishing an appropriate “short” position in index futures, the Fund may also seek to protect the value of its portfolio against an overall decline in the market for such securities. Alternatively, in anticipation of a generally rising market, the Fund can seek to avoid losing the benefit of apparently low current prices by establishing a “long” position in securities index futures and later liquidating that position as particular securities are in fact acquired. To the extent that these hedging strategies are successful, the Fund will be affected to a lesser degree by adverse overall market price movements than would otherwise be the case.

 

Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may purchase and write exchange-traded call and put options on futures contracts. These options are traded on exchanges that are licensed and regulated by the CFTC for the purpose of options trading. A call option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to purchase a futures contract (assume a “long” position) at a specified exercise price at any time before the option expires. A put option gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to sell a futures contract (assume a “short” position), for a specified exercise price at any time before the option expires.

 

Upon the exercise of a call option, the writer of the option is obligated to sell the futures contract (to deliver a “long” position to the option holder) at the option exercise price, which will presumably be lower than the current market price of the contract in the futures market. Upon exercise of a put, the writer of the option is obligated to purchase the futures contract (deliver a “short” position to the option holder) at the option exercise price, which will presumably be higher than the current market price of the contract in the futures market. When the holder of an option exercises it and assumes a long futures position, in the case of a call, or a short futures position, in the case of a put, its gain will be credited to its futures margin account, while the loss suffered by the writer of the option will be debited to its account and must be immediately paid by the writer. However, as with the trading of futures, most participants in the options markets do not seek to realize their gains or losses by exercise of their option rights. Instead, the holder of an option will usually realize a gain or loss by buying or selling an offsetting option at a market price that will reflect an increase or a decrease from the premium originally paid.

 

If the Fund writes options on futures contracts, the Fund will receive a premium but will assume a risk of adverse movement in the price of the underlying futures contract comparable to that involved in holding a futures position. If the option is not exercised, the particular Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium, which may partially offset unfavorable changes in the value of securities held in or to be acquired for the Fund. If the option is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss in the option transaction, which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it has received, but which will offset any favorable changes in the value of its portfolio securities or, in the case of a put, lower prices of securities it intends to acquire.

 

Options on futures contracts can be used by the Fund to hedge substantially the same risks as might be addressed by the direct purchase or sale of the underlying futures contracts. If the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it may obtain benefits similar to those that would result if it held the futures position itself. Purchases of options on futures contracts may present less risk in hedging than the purchase and sale of the underlying futures contracts, since the potential loss is limited to the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.

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The purchase of put options on futures contracts is a means of hedging against a general decline in market prices. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract represents a means of hedging against a market advance when the particular Fund is not fully invested.

 

The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the underlying securities. If the futures price at expiration is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund’s holdings of securities. The writing of a put option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a futures contract in that it hedges against an increase in the price of securities the Fund intends to acquire. However, the hedge is limited to the amount of premium received for writing the put.

 

Limitations on Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can be volatile instruments and involve certain risks. If the Adviser applies a hedge at an inappropriate time or judges market movements incorrectly, options and futures strategies may lower the Fund’s return. The Fund could also experience losses if the prices of its options and futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments, or if it could not close out its position because of an illiquid market. The Fund will not engage in transactions in futures contracts and related options for speculation. In addition, the Fund will not purchase or sell futures contracts or related options unless either (i) the futures contracts or options thereon are purchased for “bona fide hedging” purposes (as defined under the CFTC regulations) or (ii) if purchased for other purposes, the sum of the amounts of initial margin deposits on the Fund’s existing futures and premiums required to establish non-hedging positions, less the amount by which any such options positions are “in-the-money” (as defined under CFTC regulations) would not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s total assets. In instances involving the sale of futures contracts or the writing of call options thereon by the Fund, the securities underlying such futures contracts or options will at all times be maintained by the Fund or, in the case of index futures and related options, the Fund will own securities the price changes of which are, in the opinion of the Adviser, expected to replicate substantially the movement of the index upon which the futures contract or option is based.

 

Swaps. The Fund may invest in currency, equity, interest rate, index and other swaps, which involve the exchange by an investor with another party of their respective commitments, in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost than if the Fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded the desired return. In the case of interest rate swaps, an investor may exchange with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Use of swaps subjects the investor to risk of default by the counterparties. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction although contractual remedies may not be sufficient in the event that the counterparty to the transaction is insolvent. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. An investor may also enter into currency swaps or other swaps which are similar to interest rate swaps but may be surrogates for other instruments such as currency forwards or options.

 

Forward Commitment & When-Issued Securities. The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or for settlement at a future date if the Fund holds sufficient assets to meet the purchase price. In such purchase transactions, the Fund will not accrue interest on the purchased security until the actual settlement. Similarly, if a security is sold for a forward date, the Fund will accrue the interest until the settlement of the sale. When-issued security purchases and forward commitments have a higher degree of risk of price movement before settlement due to the extended time period between the execution and settlement of the purchase or sale. As a result, the exposure to the counterparty of the purchase or sale is increased. Although the Fund would generally purchase securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis with the intention of taking delivery, the Fund may sell such a security prior to the settlement date if the Adviser feels such action is appropriate. In such a case, the Fund could incur a short-term gain or loss.

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Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may acquire U.S. Government securities or corporate debt securities subject to repurchase agreements. A repurchase transaction occurs when, at the time the Fund purchases a security (normally a U.S. Treasury obligation), it also resells it to the vendor (normally a member bank of the Federal Reserve or a registered government securities dealer) and must deliver the security (and/or securities substituted for them under the repurchase agreement) to the vendor on an agreed upon date in the future. The repurchase price exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed upon market interest rate effective for the period of time during which the repurchase agreement is in effect. Delivery pursuant to the resale generally will normally occur within one to seven days of the purchase.

 

Repurchase agreements are considered “loans” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), collateralized by the underlying security. The Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board or the “Trustees”) has implemented procedures to monitor on a continuous basis the value of the collateral serving as security for any repurchase obligations. The Adviser will consider the creditworthiness of the vendor.

 

If the vendor fails to pay the agreed upon resale price on the delivery date, the Fund will retain or attempt to dispose of the collateral. The Fund’s risk is that such default may include any decline in value of the collateral to an amount which is less than 100% of the repurchase price, any costs of disposing of such collateral, and any loss resulting from any delay in foreclosing on the collateral. The Fund will not enter into any repurchase agreement that would cause more than 10% of its net assets to be invested in repurchase agreements which extend beyond seven days.

 

Restricted Securities. Within its limitation on investment in illiquid securities, the Fund may purchase restricted securities that generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the federal securities laws, or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If during such a period adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security. Restricted securities that can be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933 and are determined to be liquid under guidelines adopted by and subject to the supervision of the Trustees are not subject to the limitations on illiquid securities.

 

Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest directly in foreign securities traded on U.S. national exchanges or over-the-counter domestic exchanges; foreign securities represented by American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), as described below; and foreign securities traded on foreign exchanges. The Fund may also invest in foreign currency-denominated fixed-income securities. Investing in securities issued by companies whose principal business activities are outside the United States may involve significant risks not present in domestic investments. For example, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies, particularly those not subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements of the U.S. securities laws. Foreign issuers are generally not bound by uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Investments in foreign securities also involve the risk of possible adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitation on the removal of cash or other assets of the Fund, political or financial instability, or diplomatic and other developments which could affect such investments. Further, economies of particular countries or areas of the world may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than would apply to domestic custodial arrangements, and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions. Certain foreign governments levy withholding taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries it is possible for the Fund to recover a portion of these taxes, the portion that cannot be recovered will reduce the income that the Fund receives from its investments.

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ADRs provide a method whereby the Fund may invest in securities issued by companies whose principal business activities are outside the United States. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities, and may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the form of ADRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.

 

Borrowing. The Fund may borrow money for investment purposes, which is a form of leveraging. Leveraging investments, by purchasing securities with borrowed money, is a speculative technique that increases investment risk while increasing investment opportunity. Any such borrowing may make the Fund’s NAV more volatile than funds that do not borrow for investment purposes because leverage magnifies changes in the Fund’s NAV and on the Fund’s investments. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage also creates interest expenses for the Fund. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay, the Fund’s net income will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund will be less than it would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. The use of derivatives in connection with leverage creates the potential for significant loss. The Fund does not intend to use leverage in excess of 5% of total assets and will not make additional investments when outstanding borrowings exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets. Any leveraging will comply with the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, intended to minimize the use of leverage and the possibility that the Fund’s liabilities will exceed the value of its assets.

 

The Fund may also borrow money to meet redemptions or for other emergency purposes. Such borrowings may be on a secured or unsecured basis at fixed or variable rates of interest. The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of not less than 300% with respect to all borrowings. If such asset coverage should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to dispose of some of its portfolio holdings within three days in order to reduce the Fund’s debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to dispose of assets at that time. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

 

Lending of Portfolio Securities. In order to generate additional income, the Fund may lend portfolio securities in an amount up to 33% of total Fund assets to broker-dealers, major banks, or other recognized domestic institutional borrowers of securities which the Adviser has determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the Board. In determining whether the Fund will lend securities, the Adviser will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. The Fund may not lend securities to any company affiliated with the Adviser. Each loan of securities will be collateralized by cash, U.S. Government securities, or standby letters of credit not issued by the Fund’s bank lending agent. The Fund might experience a loss if the borrower defaults on the loan.

 

The borrower at all times during the loan must maintain with the Fund cash or cash equivalent collateral. While the loan is outstanding, the borrower will pay the Fund any interest paid on the loaned securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral to earn additional income. Alternatively, the Fund may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income from the borrower who has delivered equivalent collateral. It is anticipated that the Fund may share with the borrower some of the income received on the collateral for the loan or the Fund will be paid a premium for the loan. Voting rights for loaned securities will typically pass to the borrower, but the Fund will retain the right to call any security in anticipation of a vote that the Adviser deems material to the security on loan. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower at any time. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan, and may pay a negotiated portion of the income earned on the cash to the borrower or placing broker. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.

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Securities lending involves counterparty risk, including the risk that the loaned securities may not be returned or returned in a timely manner and/or a loss of rights in the collateral if the borrower or the lending agent defaults or fails financially. There are no limits on the number of borrowers the Fund may use, and the Fund may lend securities to only one or a small group of borrowers. Mutual funds participating in securities lending bear the risk of loss in connection with investments of the cash collateral received from the borrowers, which do not trigger additional collateral requirements from the borrower.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions. The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions. During such an unusual set of circumstances, the Fund may hold up to 100% of its portfolios in cash or cash equivalent positions (e.g., money market securities, U.S. Government securities, and/or similar securities). When the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Board with respect to the Fund. Except as otherwise stated, these investment restrictions are fundamental policies, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a shareholder meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Unless otherwise indicated, percentage limitations apply at the time of purchase.

 

As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:

 

  (1) Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of another issuer;
     
  (2) Invest in interests in real estate, real estate mortgage loans, real estate limited partnerships, oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs or leases, except that the Fund may invest in the readily marketable securities of companies which own or deal in such things; purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts (although it may purchase put options on stock index futures, put options on financial futures, stock index futures contracts, and put options on portfolio securities, and may write covered call options);
     
  (3) Underwrite securities issued by others except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities;
     
  (4) Purchase securities on margin (but the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions);

15

 

  (5) Participate on a joint or joint and several basis in any trading account in securities;
     
  (6) Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in any one industry or group of industries (except that securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities are not subject to these limitations), but the Fund may invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in one or more sectors as described under the non-fundamental operating restrictions below;
     
  (7) Make loans of money or securities, except that the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements; or
     
  (8) Issue senior securities, borrow money, or pledge its assets.

 

With respect to the fundamental investment restrictions above (other than those involving senior securities and borrowings), if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction (i.e., percentage limitations are determined at the time of purchase).

 

With respect to fundamental investment limitation set forth in (6) above, the Fund cannot invest more than 25% of its total assets in any one industry or group of industries, but may invest more than 25% of its total assets in the sectors described above. For example, the Fund might invest more than 25% of its total assets in the financial sector, but would not invest more than 25% of its total assets in a particular industry in the financial sector, such as banking or insurance. Also, if the Fund invests in one or more investment companies, the Fund will examine the holdings of such investment companies to ensure that the Fund is not indirectly concentrating its investments in a particular industry. In determining the exposure of the Fund to a particular industry for purposes of the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Fund currently uses Standard & Poor’s Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) in order to classify industries.

 

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (8) above, 1940 Act permits the Fund to borrow money in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets from banks for any purpose (including pledging, mortgaging, or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).

 

Senior securities generally include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, written options, firm commitment agreements, and standby commitments.

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of net assets in illiquid securities, which are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the prices at which they are valued. This restriction is not limited to the time of purchase.

 

Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions

 

The Board of Trustees may change the Fund’s name, investment objective or its principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. The Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change.

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Purchases and sales of portfolio securities may be made as considered advisable by the Adviser in the best interests of the shareholders. The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. The Fund’s distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized from portfolio transactions are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. See “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES.” In addition, higher portfolio turnover rates can result in corresponding increases in portfolio transaction costs for the Fund. See “PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE” in this SAI.

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For reporting purposes, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

This Policy sets forth the conditions under which Portfolio Holdings (defined below) data for the Trust on behalf of the Fund may be disclosed to Third Parties (defined below) (which may include the public) and Service Providers (defined below). No data about the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed except in accordance with this Policy.

 

Portfolio Holdings data includes, but is not limited to, the following information about the Fund: (i) specific securities held; (ii) industry sector breakdowns as a percentage of portfolio net assets; (iii) asset composition (e.g., equities versus bonds); (iv) U.S. versus foreign holdings percentage breakdowns and regional breakdowns (e.g., Asia, North America); and (v) top 10 portfolio holdings in order of position size, including percentage of portfolio.

 

“Third Parties” or a “Third Party” means a person other than a Service Provider, an employee of a Service Provider, a Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or an officer of the Trust.

 

“Service Providers” or a “Service Provider” includes, but is not limited to, the investment adviser, administrator, custodian, transfer agent, fund accountant, principal underwriter, software or technology service providers, pricing and proxy voting service providers, research and trading service providers, auditors, accountants, and legal counsel, or any other entity that has a need to know such information in order to fulfill their contractual obligations to provide services to the Fund.

 

Policy Overview

 

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to protect the confidentiality of the Portfolio Holdings’ information and to prevent the selective disclosure of such information. These policies and procedures may be modified at any time with the approval of the Board.

 

In order to protect the Fund from any trading practices or other use by a Third Party that could harm the Fund, Portfolio Holdings’ and other Fund-specific information must not be selectively released or disclosed except under the circumstances described below.

 

Only officers of the Trust and their authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, may approve the disclosure of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings. Except as set forth under “Policy Exceptions” below, exceptions to this Policy may only be made if an officer of the Trust and its authorized agents, including, but not limited to, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, determines that the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose and such disclosures must be documented and reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. In all cases, Third Parties and Service Providers are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement requiring the recipient to keep confidential any Portfolio Holdings data received and not to trade on the Confidential Portfolio Information (defined below) received. Neither the Trust nor its Service Providers (nor any persons affiliated with either) can receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with the sharing of the Fund’s Portfolio Holdings.

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Disclosure of the Portfolio Holdings’ information that is not publicly available (“Confidential Portfolio Information”) may be made to Service Providers. In addition, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the Adviser may distribute (or authorize the custodian or principal underwriter to distribute) Confidential Portfolio Information to the Fund’s relevant Service Providers and to facilitate the review of the Fund by certain mutual fund analysts and ratings agencies (such as Morningstar and Lipper Analytical Services) (“Rating Agencies”); provided that such disclosure is limited to the information that the Adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services to be provided. As noted above, except to the extent permitted under this Policy, Confidential Portfolio Information may not be disseminated for compensation or other consideration.

 

Before any disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information to Service Providers or Rating Agencies is permitted, the Chief Compliance Officer for the Adviser (or persons designated by such Chief Compliance Officer) must determine in writing that, under the circumstances, the disclosure is being made for a legitimate business purpose. Furthermore, the recipient of Confidential Portfolio Information by a Service Provider or Rating Agency must be either subject to a written confidentiality agreement that prohibits any trading upon the Confidential Portfolio Information or subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel.

 

The identity of such entities is provided below: 

 

Name of Recipient Frequency of
Holdings 
Disclosure
Information 
Lag
Date of 
Information
Date 
Provided 
to Recipients
Hillman Capital Management, Inc. (Adviser) Daily None Daily Daily
ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (Administrator) Daily None Daily Daily
UMB Bank, N.A. (Custodian) Daily None Daily Daily
Cohen & Company, Ltd. (Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm) As needed None As needed As needed
Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP (Trust Counsel) As needed None As needed As needed
Thompson Hine LLP (Independent Counsel) As needed None As needed As needed
Bloomberg L.P. Daily None Daily Daily
Thomson Reuters Lipper Monthly 5 days Monthly Monthly
Morningstar, Inc. Monthly 5 days Monthly Monthly
FactSet Research Systems Inc. Monthly 5 days Monthly Monthly
Allvue Systems Daily None Daily Daily

 

The Adviser shall have primary responsibility for ensuring that the Portfolio Holdings’ information is disclosed only in accordance with this Policy. As part of this responsibility, the Adviser will maintain such internal policies and procedures as it believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Portfolio Information.

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Full Portfolio Holdings

 

The disclosure policy currently authorizes the quarterly dissemination of full portfolio holdings of the Fund with a five (5) calendar day lag. Except as set forth in this Policy, the full holdings of the Fund will also be disclosed on a quarterly basis on forms required to be filed with the SEC as follows: (i) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of each fiscal year will be filed as part of the annual report filed on Form N-CSR; (ii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters will be filed on Form N-PORT; and (iii) Portfolio Holdings as of the end of the second fiscal quarter will be filed as part of the semi-annual report filed on Form N-CSR. The Trust’s Form N-CSR and Form N-PORT filings are available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Portfolio holdings information may be separately provided to any person, including rating and ranking organizations such as Morningstar and Lipper, at the same time that it is filed with the SEC.

 

Partial Portfolio Holdings

 

Except as set forth in this Policy, partial Portfolio Holdings information will only be provided to Third Parties for the most recent month-end period and only after a five (5) calendar day delay from the end of the month being provided. These holdings may include any combination of the Portfolio Holdings information, except for full Portfolio Holdings.

 

Policy Exceptions

 

The following disclosures of Portfolio Holdings are not prohibited by this Policy:

 

  § Disclosures that are required by law;
  § Disclosures necessary for Service Providers to perform services to the Fund, provided that they are made pursuant to a written agreement between the Service Provider and the receiving party that restricts such receiving party’s use of the information;
  § Disclosure necessary for Rating Agencies to assess applicable fund ratings;
  § Disclosures necessary to broker-dealers or banks as a part of the normal buying, selling, shorting or other transactions in portfolio securities;
  § Disclosures to the applicable Fund’s or Service Providers’ regulatory authorities, accountants or counsel; and
  § Disclosures to the Adviser of compiled data concerning accounts managed by the Adviser.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Investment Decisions and Portfolio Transactions

 

Investment decisions for the Fund are made with a view to achieving its investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the Fund. Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be appropriate for other clients served by the Adviser. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients of the Adviser (including the Fund) even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. If a purchase or sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of these clients is considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the Adviser pursuant to its allocation guidelines. Particularly when investing in less liquid or illiquid securities of smaller capitalization companies, such allocation may take into account the asset size of the Fund in determining whether the allocation of an investment is suitable. The Adviser may aggregate orders for the Fund with simultaneous transactions entered into on behalf of its other clients so long as price and transaction expenses are averaged either for the portfolio transaction or for that day. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client (in all cases, in compliance with applicable law). There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients, including the Fund.

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Brokerage and Research Services

 

The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Fund through several brokers or dealers. The Adviser conducts a thorough analysis, based on its policies and procedures, to determine the broker or dealer to be used and the commission rates to be paid. The factors involved in the broker or dealer selection include transaction costs, broker research capabilities and service level.

 

The commissions paid by the Fund (which, in the case of fixed income transactions, are reflected in the bid-ask spread) comply with the Adviser’s duty to seek “best execution.” The Fund may pay commissions that are higher than that which they could obtain at another financial institution to effect the same transaction. The Adviser conducts an analysis and makes a determination as to the reasonableness of commissions in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services received. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of services, including without limitation, the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. The Adviser seeks competitive rates but may not obtain the lowest possible commission rates for transactions executed by the Fund. Although the Fund may use a broker-dealer that sells Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when selecting broker-dealers to execute those transactions.

 

Subject to the Adviser’s policy of seeking best execution for transactions, and subject to the criteria of Section 28(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Adviser may place trades with a broker-dealer that provides brokerage and research services. The Adviser may have an incentive to select or recommend a broker based on its interest in receiving research or other products or services, rather than its interest in receiving the most favorable execution for the Fund. However, in selecting a broker for research, the Adviser makes a good faith determination that the amount of commission charged is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage, research received. The determination may be viewed in terms of a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. Research and brokerage services provided by broker-dealers chosen by the Adviser to place the Fund’s portfolio transactions may be useful to the Adviser in providing services to the Adviser’s other clients, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing the Fund. Conversely, brokerage and research products and services provided to the Adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the Adviser may be useful to the Adviser in managing the Fund, although not all of these brokerage and research products and services may be necessarily useful and of value to the Adviser in managing such other clients. Subject to Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser may pay a broker additional commission in recognition of the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by that broker. When the Adviser uses Fund brokerage commissions to obtain research or other products or services, the Adviser receives a benefit because it does not have to produce or pay for the research, products or services. The advisory fees paid by the Fund are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services even though the receipt of such services relieves the Adviser from expenses it might otherwise bear. However, because the Adviser pursues an investment strategy on behalf of the Fund that is primarily fixed income, rather than equity, oriented, the amount of “soft” dollars that may be generated by trading in the Fund and accordingly utilized to pay for research or other products or services provided by brokers, dealers or other third parties historically has not been meaningful.

 

The Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of exchange-listed portfolio securities with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser where, in the judgment of the Adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of the Adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the Fund on exchange transactions do not exceed “usual and customary brokerage commissions.” The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” As required by applicable SEC rules, the Board has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to an affiliated broker are consistent with the foregoing standards. As of the date hereof, the Adviser does not have any affiliated broker-dealer.

20

 

The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal years ended September 30:

 

  For the Fiscal Year Ended
September 30, 2023
For the Fiscal Year Ended
September 30, 2022
For the Fiscal Year Ended
September 30, 2021
Hillman Value Fund $31,426 $33,214 $55,783

 

PURCHASE, EXCHANGE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Transfer Agent”) will maintain an account for each shareholder upon which the registration and transfer of shares are recorded, and any transfers shall be reflected by bookkeeping entry, without physical delivery. Confirmations of each purchase or redemption are sent to each shareholder. Quarterly statements of account are sent which include shares purchased as a result of a reinvestment of Fund distributions. The Transfer Agent will require that a shareholder provide requests in writing, accompanied by a valid signature guarantee form, when changing certain information in an account (i.e., wiring instructions, telephone privileges, etc.).

 

Purchase of Shares

 

No sales charges will be applied to your share purchases.

 

The minimum investments in the Fund are set forth in the Prospectus. The Fund reserves the right to waive or change investment minimums.

 

Subsequent investments may be made at any time by mailing a check to the Transfer Agent, along with a detachable stub from the Statement of Account (or a letter providing the account number). Shareholders should be sure to write the Fund’s account number on the check. Purchases of Fund shares (initial or subsequent) may not be made by third-party check.

 

Share purchase orders are effective at the next determined net asset value after the Fund or its authorized agents receive your purchase instructions in good order and, if applicable, a new Account Application. The Fund will accept purchases only in U.S. dollars drawn from U.S. financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. Share certificates will not be issued.

 

Initial and subsequent investments may also be made by wire transfer. Shareholders should note that their bank may charge a fee in connection with transferring money by bank wire.

 

Transactions are processed at the next determined net asset value after your instructions are received in good order. Transactions received prior to the close of the New York Stock Exchange, “market close” (typically 4:00 PM EST), will be processed with the current trade date. Transactions received after market close will be processed on the next business day.

21

 

The price of the Fund’s shares and the valuation of Fund assets are discussed below in “NET ASSET VALUE.”

 

Exchange of Shares

 

If you are an existing shareholder of the Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical.

 

Exchanges must meet the minimum investment requirements described in the Prospectus. Before affecting an exchange, you should read the Prospectus.

 

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, this may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax advantaged account.

 

Redemption of Shares

 

If the Board of Trustees determines that it is in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole, or in part, by a distribution in kind from the Fund, in lieu of cash, taking such securities at their value employed for determining such redemption price, and selecting the securities in such manner as such Board may deem fair and equitable. A shareholder who receives a distribution in kind may incur a brokerage commission upon a later disposition of such securities and may receive less than the redemption value of such securities or property upon sale, particularly where such securities are sold prior to maturity. However, the Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption.

 

Redemption Procedures. The Fund will redeem all full and fractional shares of the Fund upon request on any business day at the applicable net asset value determined after the receipt of proper redemption instructions, less any applicable redemption fees. Shareholders liquidating their holdings will receive upon redemption all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption. If notice of redemption is received on any business day, the redemption will be effective on the date of receipt. Payment will ordinarily be made by wire on the next business day, but, in any case, within no more than seven business days from the date of receipt. If the notice is received on a day that is not a business day or after the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE, the redemption notice will be deemed received as of the next business day. The value of shares at the time of redemption may be more or less than the shareholder’s cost.

 

Note: The Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period (i) during which the NYSE or exchange is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE or exchange is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC or other regulatory authority by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC or other regulatory authority. The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between/among the Fund and the persons or companies that furnish services to the Fund, including agreements with the Fund’s distributor, Adviser, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Fund are delegated to the Adviser and the Fund’s administrator.

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The name, address, year of birth, and principal occupations for the past five years of the Trustees and officers of the Trust are listed below, along with the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex overseen by and the other directorships held by the Trustee.

 

Independent Trustees

 

Name, Birth Year & Address*

Position(s)

Held with

Fund

Term of Office and Length of Time Served** Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years*** Number of Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee**** Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years***

Ward D. Armstrong,

Birth year: 1954

Trustee and Chairman Mr. Armstrong was appointed to the Board on May 27, 2016 and elected to the Board by shareholders on April 12, 2021. Mr. Armstrong was appointed Chairman of the Board at the August 24, 2017 meeting of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Armstrong is currently retired. From February 2010 to July 2015, he was Co-Founder and Managing Partner of NorthRock Partners, a private wealth advisory firm providing comprehensive wealth management and family office services to the high net-worth marketplace. Previously, he was Senior Vice President, Ameriprise Financial (1984 to 2007); Chairman of Ameriprise Trust Company (1996 to 2007) and President, American Express Institutional Asset Management (2002 to 2004). He has also served on several investment related Boards including Kenwood Capital Management, RiverSource Investments, American Express Asset Management International and was Chair of the Ordway Theatre Endowment Committee. 11 Mr. Armstrong is a Director of the Heartland Group, Inc. (3 funds) (2008 to present).

J. Wayne Hutchens,

Birth year: 1944

Trustee Mr. Hutchens was elected to the Board on October 30, 2012. Mr. Hutchens is currently retired. From 2000 to January 2020, he served as Trustee of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science and from May 2012 to February 2020, he served as Trustee of Children’s Hospital Colorado. From April 2006 to December 2012, he served as President and CEO of the University of Colorado (CU) Foundation and from April 2009 to December 2012, he was Executive Director of the CU Real Estate Foundation. Mr. Hutchens is also Director of AMG National Trust Bank (June 2012 to present). Prior to these positions, Mr. Hutchens spent 29 years in the banking industry, retiring as Chairman of Chase Bank Colorado. 11 Mr. Hutchens is a Director of RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (2013 to present), RiverNorth Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (2018 to present), RiverNorth/Doubleline Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc. (2018 to present), RiverNorth Specialty Finance Corporation (2018 to present), RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (2019 to present), RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (2020 to present) and RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income II (2021 to present). He is a Board member of RiverNorth Funds (3 funds) (2020 to present).

23

 

Merrillyn J. Kosier,

Birth year: 1959

Trustee Ms. Kosier was appointed to the Board on November 17, 2021. Ms. Kosier retired from Ariel Investments as Executive Vice President in 2019. During her twenty year tenure at the firm, she served as Chief Marketing Officer, Ariel Mutual Funds (2007 - 2019); Trustee for Ariel Investment Trust (2003 - 2019) and President of Ariel Distributors, LLC (2002 - 2019). Prior to joining Ariel Investments, she was Senior Vice President at Wanger Asset Management, the investment adviser to Acorn Investment Trust (1993 - 1998); Vice President of Marketing Communications at Kemper Financial Services (1984 - 1993); and a Registered Sales Representative at R. J. O’Brien & Associates (1982 - 1984). Most recently, Ms. Kosier joined the board of Miami Corporation Management, a multi-generation family office and family holding company (June 2023 - present). She is also Board and CEO Advisor to Bridgeway Capital Management, a U.S. asset manager specializing in statistically driven institutional investment strategies, mutual funds, and sub-advisory services (December 2023 - present). 11 Ms. Kosier is a Trustee at the Harris Theater For Music and Dance (2006 - present) where she currently serves as Chair of the Board (2022 - present). She is also a Board Member at The Arts Club of Chicago (2021 - present).

Patrick Seese,

Birth year: 1971

Trustee Mr. Seese was elected to the Board on October 30, 2012. Mr. Seese is an owner and a Managing Director of Integris Partners, a middle-market investment banking firm serving closely-held companies, financial sponsors and public companies (February 2008 to present). Prior to this, Mr. Seese was a Managing Director of Headwaters MB, a middle-market investing banking firm (December 2003 to February 2008). Prior to that, Mr. Seese worked in Credit Suisse First Boston’s Mergers and Acquisitions Group and served as Head of Corporation Development, Katy Industries, a publicly traded industrial and consumer products company and at Deloitte & Touche LLP, where he began his career in 1994. 11 Mr. Seese is a Director of the Alpha Alternative Assets Fund (September 2021 to Present), The Mile High Five Foundation (2013 to present) and SJ Panthers Foundation (2016 to present).

24

 

Officers

 

Name, Birth Year & Address* Position(s) Held with Fund Term of Office and Length of Time Served** Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years***
Lucas Foss,
Birth Year: 1977
President

President since August 2022

 

Compliance Officer from January 2018 -August 2022

Mr. Foss rejoined ALPS in November 2017 and is currently Senior Director and Fund Chief Compliance Officer at SS&C ALPS . Prior to his current role, Mr. Foss served as the Director of Compliance at Transamerica Asset Management (2015-2017) and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer at ALPS (2012-2015). Mr. Foss is also the President of Financial Investors Trust and Chief Compliance Officer of Clough Global Funds; Clough Funds Trust; MVP Private Markets Funds; Bluerock Total Income + Real Estate Fund; Bluerock High Income Institutional Credit Fund; SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust, SPDR® Dow Jones® Industrial Average ETF Trust, and SPDR® S&P MIDCAP 400® ETF Trust.
Jill McFate
Birth year: 1978
Treasurer Since December 2021 Ms. McFate joined ALPS in 2021 and is currently Senior Director, Fund Administration of ALPS. Prior to joining SS&C ALPS, Jill managed financial reporting and N-PORT regulatory reporting services during her 14 years at The Northern Trust Company as Vice President, Financial Reporting Manager.  
Ivana Kovačić,
Birth Year: 1977
Chief Compliance Officer Since August 2022 Deputy Chief Compliance Officer, ALPS Holdings, Inc., since October 2021. Ms. Kovačić joined ALPS in March 2020 as Assistant Vice President, Regulatory Compliance. Prior to joining ALPS, Ms. Kovačić served as Senior Compliance Analyst at Jennison Associates (August 2013 to January 2019). Ms. Kovačić is also the Fund CCO of 1WS Credit Income Fund, Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds, X-Square Balanced Fund and X-Square Series Trust.
Nicholas Adams,
Birth year: 1983
Secretary Since May 2023 Mr. Adams is Principal Legal Counsel at SS&C Technologies and has served in that role since 2022. Mr. Adams is also Secretary of the Alpha Alternative Assets Fund and Principal Real Estate Income Fund, as well as Assistant Secretary of the WesMark Funds.  Prior to this he was an Associate Attorney at Arnold, Newbold Sollars and Hollins, P.C. (2020-2022) as well as Stanziola Estate Law (2018-2020).

25

 

* All communications to Trustees and Officers may be directed to ALPS Series Trust c/o 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203.
** This is the period for which the Trustee or Officer began serving the Trust. Each Trustee serves an indefinite term, until such Trustee’s successor is elected and appointed, or such Trustee resigns or is deceased. Officers are elected on an annual basis.
*** Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the office shown or other offices in the same company for the last five years.
**** The Fund Complex currently consists of 11 series of the Trust.

 

Ward D. Armstrong- Through his experience as a senior officer of and board member of financial and other organizations, Mr. Armstrong contributes his management and oversight experience to the Board. The Board also benefits from his experience as a member of the board of other funds and operating companies. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and investment management experience. Additional information regarding Mr. Armstrong’s principal occupations and other directorships held is presented in the chart above. Mr. Armstrong received a B.S. in Business Administration (Finance Emphasis) from the University of Minnesota, Carlson School of Management. 

 

J. Wayne Hutchens- Through his experience as a senior officer of and board member of financial and other organizations, Mr. Hutchens contributes his management and oversight experience to the Board. The Board also benefits from his experience as a member of the board of other funds. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business and financial services experience. Additional information regarding Mr. Hutchens’ principal occupations and other directorships held is presented in the chart above. Mr. Hutchens is a graduate of the University of Colorado at Boulder’s School of Business and has done graduate study at Syracuse University and the University of Colorado. 

 

Merrillyn J. Kosier- Through her experience as a senior officer and trustee in the investment management industry, Ms. Kosier contributes her management and oversight experience to the Board. The Board also benefits from her experience as a board member of other organizations. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on her business acumen, regulatory and 40 Act funds knowledge, distribution and marketing/communications experience in the financial services arena. Additional information regarding Ms. Kosier’s principal occupations and other directorships held is presented in the chart above. Ms. Kosier is a graduate of Andrews University and earned an MBA from Loyola University Chicago.

 

Patrick Seese- Through his experience as a senior officer of and board member of financial and other organizations, Mr. Seese contributes his management and oversight experience to the Board. The Board also benefits from his experience as a member of the board of other organizations. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based on his business, financial services and accounting experience. Additional information regarding Mr. Seese’s principal occupations and other directorships held is presented in the chart above.  Mr. Seese is a graduate of the University of Colorado and earned an MBA from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He is one of the founders of The Mile High Five Foundation (MH5), a charity dedicated to fund youth/health-related organizations.  

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None of the Independent Trustees owns securities in Hillman Capital Management, Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser, or ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Fund’s principal underwriter, nor do they own securities in any entity directly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with these entities.

 

Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for oversight of the Fund rests with the Trustees. The Trust has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. The Board is currently composed of four members, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board meets at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Trustees have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has appointed Ward D. Armstrong, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board reviews matters related to its leadership structure annually. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the Trust’s characteristics and circumstances. These include the Trust’s series of fund shares, each fund’s single portfolio of assets, each fund’s net assets and the services provided by the fund’s service providers.

 

Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. As part of its regular oversight of the Fund, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Fund management, the Adviser, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, the Fund’s legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund regarding risks faced by the Fund. The Board, with the assistance of Fund management and the Adviser, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of the Fund’s performance. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer to oversee the implementation and testing of the Fund’s compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Fund and their principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of these service providers’ operations and the functions for which they are responsible.

 

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee which considers such matters pertaining to the Trust’s books of account, financial records, internal accounting controls and changes in accounting principles or practices as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Audit Committee also considers the engagement and compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) and ensures receipt from the Firm of a formal written statement delineating relationships between the Firm and the Trust, consistent with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526. The Audit Committee also meets privately with the representatives of the Firm to review the scope and results of audits and other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee’s Charter. The Audit Committee members, each of whom are Independent Trustees, are: Ward D. Armstrong, J. Wayne Hutchens, Merrillyn J. Kosier and Patrick Seese. The Audit Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

27

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets periodically to advise and assist the Board in selecting nominees to serve as trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes the Board generally benefits from diversity of background, experience and views among its members and considers this a factor in evaluating the composition of the Board, but has not adopted any specific policy in this regard. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also advises and assists the Board in establishing, implementing and executing policies, procedures and practices that assure orderly and effective governance of the Trust and effective and efficient management of all business and financial affairs of the Trust. Members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are: Ward D. Armstrong, J. Wayne Hutchens, Merrillyn J. Kosier and Patrick Seese. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board met one time during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

 

Independent Trustee Retirement Policy. The Trustees do not serve a specified term of office. Each Trustee will hold office until the termination of the Trust or his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, incapacity, or removal. Under the Fund’s Independent Trustee Retirement Policy (“Retirement Policy”), upon reaching the age of 75, an Independent Trustee is deemed to tender an offer of retirement, which retirement, if accepted, shall become effective upon the September 30th immediately following the tender of a retirement. The Board may decline the offer upon the vote of a majority of the continuing Trustees. If the Board declines an Independent Trustee’s offer, then the term of office of such Independent Trustee continues in accordance with the term under which such Independent Trustee was elected or appointed, provided that such Independent Trustee shall be deemed to tender another offer of retirement upon each subsequent birthday. The Trustees review the Fund’s Retirement Policy from time to time and may make changes as deemed appropriate.

 

Shareholder Nominations. The Board will consider shareholder nominees for Trustees. All nominees must possess the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience for serving on the Board. In particular, the Board and its Independent Trustees will consider each nominee’s integrity, educational and professional background, understanding of the Trust’s business on a technical level and commitment to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill a Trustee’s duties. All shareholders who wish to recommend nominees for consideration as Trustees shall submit the names and qualifications of the candidates to the Secretary of the Trust by writing to: ALPS Series Trust, c/o Secretary, 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado, 80203.

 

As of December 31, 2023, the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by the Trustees were as follows:

 

Trustees Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in
the Fund
Aggregate Dollar Range of
Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies*
Ward Armstrong None None
J. Wayne Hutchens None Over $100,000
Merrillyn J. Kosier None None
Patrick Seese None None

 

* The Fund Complex currently consists of 11 series of the Trust.

28

 

Remuneration of Trustees. Effective November 16, 2023, the Trustees of the Trust receive a quarterly retainer of $16,250, plus $5,000 for each regular Board or Committee meeting attended and $2,000 for each special telephonic or in-person Board or Committee meeting attended. Additionally, the Audit Committee Chair receives a quarterly retainer of $1,875 and the Independent Chair receives a quarterly retainer of $4,250. The Trustees are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at meetings.

 

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Trustees received the following compensation:

 

Trustees Aggregate
Compensation
From the
Trust
Pension Or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued As
Part of
Fund Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits
Upon
Retirement
Aggregate
Compensation
From
The Trust
And
Fund
Complex Paid
To
Trustees*
Ward D. Armstrong $92,250 $0 $0 $92,250
J. Wayne Hutchens $78,250 $0 $0 $78,250
Merrillyn J. Kosier $78,250 $0 $0 $78,250
Patrick Seese $83,875 $0 $0 $83,875

 

* The Fund Complex currently consists of 11 series of the Trust.

 

No officer, trustee, or employee of the Adviser or any of its affiliates receives any compensation from the Fund for serving as an officer or trustee of the Fund. 

 

INVESTMENT MANAGER

 

Hillman Capital Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”), is located at 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 260, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Subject to the authority of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Fund’s business affairs. The Adviser is controlled by Mark A. Hillman, who founded the firm and serves as chief executive officer and chief investment officer. As of December 31, 2023, the Adviser managed approximately $326.9 million in assets under management.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser, the Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee of 0.70% based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The Board and shareholders of the Fund may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ written notice. The Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon one hundred and twenty (120) days’ notice.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of the Fund (exclusive of (i) any front-end or contingent deferred loads; (ii) brokerage fees and commissions; (iii) acquired fund fees and expenses; (iv) fees and expenses associated with investments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example option and swap fees and expenses); (v) borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short); (vi) taxes; and (vii) extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the Adviser)) to an annual rate of not more than: 0.95% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Fund’s No Load Class. This agreement is in effect through at least January 31, 2024, and will automatically continue upon annual approval by the board for successive twelve-month periods unless (i) it is terminated earlier by the Board of Trustees, or (ii) the Adviser provides at least 30 days written notice of its non-continuance prior to the end of the then effective term. Except due to the Adviser’s notice of non-renewal, this Agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

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The table below shows the management fees earned by the Adviser for the fiscal years indicated below:

 

Hillman Value Fund For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2023
For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2022
For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2021
Gross Advisory Fees $1,726,453 $1,924,524 $1,446,090
Waiver of Advisory Fees ($384,186) ($385,792) ($339,444)
Reimbursement of other Expenses $0 $0 $0
Net Advisory Fees $1,342,267 $1,583,732    $1,106,646

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis through ALPS Distributors, Inc. (an affiliate of ALPS Fund Services, Inc.) (the “Distributor”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Distributor and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. The Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of Fund shares.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics consistent with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. Subject to certain restrictions, these codes of ethics permit the personnel of these entities to invest in securities, including securities that the Fund may purchase or hold. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

ADMINISTRATOR

 

The Trust on behalf of the Fund currently employs ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (an affiliate of the Distributor) (“ALPS” or the “Administrator”), located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, under an administration agreement to provide certain administrative services to the Fund.

 

The table below shows the administrative fees earned by ALPS for the fiscal years indicated below:

 

  For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2023
For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2022
For the Fiscal Year
Ended September
30, 2021
Hillman Value Fund $142,427 $148,958 $152,850

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Board has approved delegating proxy voting discretion to the Adviser believing that the Adviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

 

Attached as Appendix B are the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and a Summary of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures that the Adviser uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities.

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

To the best knowledge of the Trust, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are not the beneficial owners of such Shares, unless otherwise indicated.

 

A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of the Fund is presumed to “control” that Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders.

 

As of December 31, 2023, the following shareholders owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a class of the Fund as listed below:

 

Fund Class Shareholder Name Address

Percentage 

of Interest 

Type of Ownership
Hillman Value Fund N/A NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES

P.O. BOX 673027

WEXFORD, PA 15090

54.44% RECORD
Hillman Value Fund N/A CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC.

211 MAIN STREET

SAN FANCISCO, CA 94105

29.59% RECORD

 

As of December 31, 2023, none of the Trustees or Officers of the Trust owned any of the outstanding shares of the Hillman Value Fund.

 

EXPENSES

 

The Fund’s expenses include taxes, interest, fees and salaries of the Trust’s Trustees and officers who are not trustees, officers or employees of the Fund’s service contractors, SEC fees, state securities qualification fees, costs of preparing and printing prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing shareholders, advisory and administration fees, charges of the custodian and of the transfer and dividend disbursing agent, certain insurance premiums, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of shareholder reports and shareholder meetings and any extraordinary expenses. The Fund also pays for brokerage fees and commissions (if any) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

The following sections set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio manager for the Fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of September 30, 2023.

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

 

The table below identifies as of September 30, 2023, the number of accounts (other than the Fund with respect to which information is provided) for which the Fund’s portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts.

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Portfolio Manager Registered Investment
Companies
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicles
Other Accounts
Number Total
Assets
(in millions)
Number Total
Assets
(in millions)
Number Total
Assets
(in millions)
Mark A. Hillman 0 $0 0 $0 128 $92.2

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Mark A. Hillman is the Fund’s portfolio manager. He is a principal of the Adviser and his compensation consists of a fixed annual salary, plus additional remuneration based on the Adviser’s assets under management. Compensation is not directly linked to the Fund’s performance, although positive performance and growth in managed assets are factors that may contribute to the Adviser’s distributable profits and assets under management.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest with Other Accounts

 

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a fund’s portfolio managers have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for the portfolio managers listed in the table above.

 

The Adviser has worked to establish a firm-wide culture of compliance, and accordingly has adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and the individuals that it employs. For example, the Adviser seeks to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The Adviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair and equitable allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts over time. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and the Fund will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear. These potential conflicts of interest include:

 

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts, including the Fund. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

 

Allocation of Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies an investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may (and typically will) be allocated among these several funds or accounts (or a subset of those funds or accounts), which may limit the Fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity. Moreover, a potential conflict of interest involving client allocations may become more acute in the case of a privately-negotiated transaction in which the Adviser and/or its affiliated persons (including its portfolio managers) may have a heightened pecuniary interest (e.g., where the Adviser may be incentivized to overreach certain funds and/or accounts, including the Fund, either by including them in such transaction even though it would not be consistent with their investment objective, or by negotiating certain terms of the private transaction that inure to the benefit of certain funds and/or accounts at the expense of others, such as the Fund). The Adviser has developed compliance procedures designed to mitigate conflicts of interest associated with such transactions, particularly with respect to any follow-on investment opportunity that arises as a direct result of an existing investment(s) already held by one or more of the Adviser’s clients (including the Fund). In these circumstances, the portfolio managers will first endeavor to allocate the ensuing follow-on transaction on a pro rata basis to those client accounts that hold such existing investment(s) in the issuer based on the market value of such investment(s) at the time of such allocation, with excess capacity, if any, then allocated to those client accounts that do not otherwise hold an existing investment in the issuer in a manner consistent with the Adviser’s allocation guidelines. While the Adviser believes that its compliance procedures, which provide that a Hillman Capital Management, Inc. legal professional shall review the proposed final allocation of any such transaction, adequately mitigate this risk, conflict resolution by the Adviser may result in certain clients (such as the Fund) receiving less consideration and/or less favorable treatment than they may have otherwise received in the absence of such a conflict of interest.

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Pursuit of Differing Investment Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, a portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts, including the Fund. Because of differences in client investment objectives and strategies, risk tolerances, tax status and other criteria, there may, however, be differences among clients in invested positions and securities held. Furthermore, a portfolio manager may purchase a security for one client account while appropriately selling that same security for another client account.

 

Investments in Different Layers of the Capital Structure. Client accounts managed by a portfolio manager may make an investment in a portfolio company in which another client of the Adviser holds an investment in a different class of such company’s debt or equity. Similarly, from time to time, clients of the Adviser will hold multiple investments across the capital structure of an issuer of varying classes, types or seniorities, but will hold different proportions of each such investment. Although the Adviser generally will make such investments only when it believes that such investment is in the best interests of each account and the possibility of actual adversity between such client accounts is remote, there may be instances where the interests of such client accounts, such as the Fund, actually conflict with one another. For example, one of the Adviser’s clients (such as the Fund) may hold unsecured debt of an issuer while another client holds secured debt of the same issuer, potentially resulting in one client holding an investment that is senior or junior to another client in the capital structure of such entity. In a restructuring, workout or other distressed scenario, the interests of such clients might be adverse to one another, and one such client might recover all or part of their investment while the other client does not. Decisions about what action should be taken in a troubled situation, including whether or not to enforce claims, whether or not to advocate or initiate a restructuring or liquidation inside or outside of bankruptcy, and the terms of any work-out or restructuring, raise conflicts of interest concerns. In such circumstances, it is possible that a certain client’s interests may be subordinated or otherwise adversely affected by the Adviser by virtue of the other clients’ involvement and actions relating to their investment in the issuer. The Adviser will endeavor to mitigate such conflicts by treating each of its clients in as fair and equitable a manner as possible in light of the particular facts and circumstances. However, conflict resolution by the Adviser in such circumstances may result in one or more clients receiving less consideration and/or less favorable treatment than they may have otherwise received in the absence of such a conflict of interest. Furthermore, there can be assurance that the Adviser’s own interests will not influence its conduct when attempting to mitigate such conflicts.

 

Selection of Brokers/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or account that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees (with respect to equity transactions in particular) than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts that he manages, including the Fund.

33

 

Variation in Compensation; Personal Interests. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he manages. If the structure of the Adviser’s management fee and/or a portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), a portfolio manager might be motivated to recommend more attractive investment opportunities for certain funds and/or accounts over others. Furthermore, the portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he has a personal interest or in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance a portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence a portfolio manager to lend preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit such portfolio manager.

 

Cross Transactions. The Adviser may also execute transactions between or among client accounts (including rebalancing trades between client accounts, such as the Fund) by executing simultaneous purchase and sale orders for the same security. Even in situations where the Adviser believes there is no disadvantage to its clients, these “cross trade” transactions may nonetheless create an inherent conflict of interest. When engaging in cross transactions, the Adviser acts in good faith to ensure such transactions are fair and in the best interests of all participating client accounts and in all cases in accordance with applicable law (including, without limitation, Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act).

 

Personal Trading. The Adviser permits its portfolio managers to trade securities for their own accounts. Portfolio managers, through their position with the firm, are in a position to take investment opportunities for themselves before such opportunities are executed on behalf of clients. Thus, the Adviser has an obligation to assure that its portfolio managers do not “front-run” trades for clients or otherwise favor their own accounts. To that end, the Adviser maintains a personal trading policy within its code of ethics that includes pre-clearance procedures that require its personnel to preclear trades in individual securities of all companies, irrespective of whether or not the Adviser intends to transact in such issuer.

 

Ownership of Securities

 

The table below identifies ownership of Fund securities by the Portfolio Manager as of September 30, 2023.

 

Portfolio Manager

Dollar Range of  

Ownership of Securities 

Mark A. Hillman Over $1,000,000

 

NET ASSET VALUE  

 

The following is a description of the procedures used by the Fund in valuing its assets. For the purpose of pricing purchase and redemption orders, the net asset value per share of the Fund is determined once daily as of the close of regularly scheduled trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The Fund’s net asset value is calculated on each day that the NYSE is open for trading, i.e., Monday through Friday, except for New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of those holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

In calculating net asset value, portfolio securities listed or traded on national securities exchanges for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price. If there is no official closing price, the valuation designee values securities at the mean of the last bid and ask price which represents the current value of the security. 

34

 

Securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges generally are valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges, except that when an occurrence subsequent to the time a value was so established is likely to have changed such value, then the fair value of those securities will be determined by consideration of other factors by the valuation designee. In valuing assets, prices denominated in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current exchange rate. Securities may be valued by independent pricing services which use prices provided by market-makers or estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to instruments or securities with similar characteristics. In certain circumstances, bid and ask prices may be obtained from (i) a broker/dealer specified and deemed reliable by the valuation designee, (ii) pink sheets, yellow sheets or the blue list, or (iii) a pricing agent that obtains quotations from broker/dealers or evaluates the value of the respective bid and ask prices. All other securities and other assets of a Fund will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the valuation designee. Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

This section provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI, and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The following does not address any state, local or foreign or estate or gift tax matters.

 

A shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax consequences from acquiring, holding and disposing of shares in the Fund may vary depending upon the shareholder’s particular situation. Except where expressly noted, this discussion only applies to shareholders who are U.S. persons. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. persons are: (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) U.S. corporations (i.e., entities classified as corporations for U.S. tax purposes organized under the laws of the United States or any state), (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person..

 

Except where expressly noted, this discussion does not address issues of significance to U.S. persons in special situations such as: (i) certain types of tax-exempt entities, (ii) shareholders holding shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), (iii) shareholders holding investments through foreign institutions (financial and non-financial), (iv) financial institutions, (v) broker-dealers, and traders in securities that elect to mark-to-market their securities holdings, (vi) entities not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, (vii) shareholders holding shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, (viii) shareholders who are subject to either the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax or the U.S. federal corporate minimum tax, and (ix) insurance companies.

 

If a pass-through entity (including for this purpose any entity treated as a partnership or S corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares, the tax treatment of an owner in the pass-through entity will generally depend upon the status of the owners and the activities of the pass-through entity. Owners of pass-through entities that are considering the purchase of shares should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares.

 

The Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the foregoing discussion only addresses some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, as well as the applicability and effect of any state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.

35

 

General Policies

 

In general, it is the Fund’s policy to distribute annually to its shareholders as “ordinary income dividends” substantially all of its investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses). It is also the Fund’s policy to distribute annually the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, if any, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers, as “capital gains dividends.”

 

Ordinary income dividends and capital gain distributions are payable as of the close of the Exchange on the record date for each dividend or distribution. Shareholders may elect to re-invest their ordinary income dividends or capital gain distributions, or both. The election may be made at any time by submitting a written request directly to the Fund. In order for a change to be in effect for any dividend or distribution, it must be received by the Fund on or before the record date for such dividend or distribution.

 

Distributions and dividends are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your distributions and/or dividends paid by check mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. If you elect to receive your dividends in cash and the dividend checks sent to you are returned “undeliverable” to the Fund or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will automatically be changed and your future dividends will be reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or redemption checks.

 

As required by federal law, detailed U.S. federal tax information will be furnished to each shareholder for each calendar year.

 

Taxation of the Fund

 

The Fund intends to elect to be treated and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things: (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships;” (ii) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited generally, with respect to any one issuer, to no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in (1) the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (2) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships and (iii) distribute with respect to each taxable year an amount equal to or exceeding the sum of (a) 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” as that term is defined in the Code (which generally includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (b) 90% of its tax-exempt interest income, net of expenses allocable thereto. For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, in the case of the Fund’s investment in loan participations, the issuer may be the financial intermediary or the borrower. The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may significantly limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in some investments.

36

 

With respect to (i) above, the IRS may limit qualifying income from foreign currency gains to the amount of such currency gains that are directly related to a regulated investment company’s principal business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect thereto) pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated in the future. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will generally be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as an entity taxed as a partnership (x) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives more than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Finally, for purposes of (ii)(a) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

In certain situations, the Fund can cure failures to meet the income and diversification tests described above, including, in some cases, by paying the Fund-level tax and, in the case of diversification failures, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year – for example, because it was not sufficiently diversified under the applicable Code tests – the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income or in some cases qualified dividend income. To qualify again to be taxed as a regulated investment company that is accorded special treatment in a subsequent year, the Fund could be required to pay substantial taxes, penalties and interest and make substantial distributions, which may be taxed to shareholders as either ordinary income or qualified dividend income. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

 

As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net capital gains (that is, any net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly reported by the Fund in a written statement to shareholders as capital gain dividends (“capital gain dividends”) and its investment company taxable income if any, that the Fund distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. The Fund generally intends to distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gains, after offsetting any capital loss carryovers, in a taxable year. If the Fund does retain any investment company taxable income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. However, the Fund may elect to have certain distributions paid after the close of a tax year treated as having been paid during the tax year for purposes of the regulated investment company distribution requirements and for purposes of determining its taxable income (“spill-back dividends”). Spill-back dividends are taxed to shareholders in the year in which they are received.

 

If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will also be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.

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Generally, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the net long-term capital loss for a taxable year will carry over as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year. In addition, the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital loss over the net short-term capital gain for the year will carry over as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the next tax year.

 

The Fund may be limited under Code Section 382 in its ability to offset its taxable income by capital loss carryforwards and net unrealized built-in losses after an “ownership change” of the Fund. The term “net unrealized built-in loss” refers to the excess, if any, of the Fund’s aggregate adjusted basis in its assets immediately before an ownership change, over the fair market value of such assets at such time, subject to a de minimis rule. The Fund would experience an ownership change under Code Section 382 if and when 5-percent shareholders of the Fund increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points in the aggregate over their respective lowest percentage ownership of the Fund’s shares in a 3-year period. Under Code Section 382, if the Fund experiences an ownership change, the Fund may use its pre-change tax capital loss carryforwards and net unrealized built-in losses in a year after the ownership change generally only up to the product of the fair market value of the Fund’s equity immediately before the ownership change and a certain interest rate published monthly by the U.S. Treasury known as the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate. The foregoing limitation on the use of pre-ownership change net unrealized built-in losses only applies for a period of five years after the ownership change, while the foregoing limitation on the use of pre-ownership change capital loss carryforwards lasts indefinitely.

 

If future capital gains are offset by carried-forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income tax, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. However, distributions of amounts of capital gains offset by carried-forward capital losses are generally treated as return of capital distributions to shareholders The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

The Fund may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as the greatest of net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) and late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus (ii) other net ordinary losses attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

If the Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) and 98.2% of its net capital gain income for the one year period ending on October 31 of such year, plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year.

 

The Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).

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Equalization Accounting

 

The Fund may use “equalization accounting” to determine the portion of its income and gains that has been distributed with respect to each taxable year. Under equalization accounting, the Fund would allocate a portion of its undistributed investment company taxable income and net capital gain to redemption proceeds. This method would allow the Fund to reduce the amount of such income and gains that it distributes to non-redeeming shareholders but would not reduce the total return on a shareholder’s investment. If the IRS determines that the Fund’s equalization method is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax. Equalization accounting is not available for a fund that is a personal holding company for federal income tax purposes.

 

Personal Holding Company

 

If the Fund is a “personal holding company” and fails to distribute (or to be treated as distributing) all of its investment company taxable income, the Fund may also be subject to a 20% nondeductible tax on its “undistributed personal holding company income.” The Fund would generally be a personal holding company for a taxable year if five or fewer individuals own more than 50% of its outstanding shares at any time in the last half of the taxable year. The term “individual” for this purpose includes private foundations and certain trusts. The Fund does not expect to be subject to the tax on undistributed personal holding company income, although there can be no assurance that this will never occur.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated “earnings and profits.” Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned the shareholder’s shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (i.e., “capital gain dividends”) will be taxable to Fund shareholders as long-term capital gains. Generally, distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income. The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals is generally 20%.

 

The Fund may designate certain dividends as derived from “qualified dividend income,” which, when received by an individual, will be taxed at a maximum federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gain (in addition to the 3.8% Medicare tax described below). Dividend income distributed to individual shareholders will qualify as “qualified dividend income” as that term is defined in section 1(h)(11)(B) of the Code to the extent such distributions are attributable to income from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund (with respect to the dividend paying corporation’s stock) and its shareholders (with respect to the Fund’s shares). If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions (other than capital gain dividends) generally will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they satisfy certain holding period requirements with respect to their Fund shares. If less than 95% of the Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and designated as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders.

 

Distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders even if the distributions are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before a shareholder invested in the Fund (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid) and whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares (other than distributions, if any, reported by the Fund as “exempt-interest dividends,” a designation which the Fund does not expect to make). Any gain resulting from the sale or redemption of Fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. Distributions declared and payable by the Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31st of the year in which declared rather than the calendar year in which they were received.

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An additional 3.8% Medicare tax will be imposed on certain net investment income (including, among other things, ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, and estates and certain trusts in each case to the extent that such taxpayer’s gross income, as adjusted, exceeds a certain amount. Net investment income includes interest, dividends, royalties, rents, gross income from a trade or business involving passive activities, and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in a non-passive trade or business). Net investment income also includes dividend and capital gain distributions received with respect to shares of the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares. Net investment income is reduced by deductions properly allocable to such income.

 

Dividends received by corporate shareholders that are reported by the Fund in a written statement furnished to shareholders may qualify for a 50% dividend received deduction to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and to the extent (if any) that a portion of interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund are treated as dividends, so long as, in either case, certain holding period requirements are met by the Fund (with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock) and a corporate shareholder (with respect to the Fund’s shares).

 

Section 163(j) of the Code generally limits the deductibility of business interest to the sum of the taxpayer’s business interest income and 30% of its adjusted taxable income. Certain small businesses are exempt from such limitations. If the Fund, as a regulated investment company, earns business interest income, the Fund would be permitted to pay Code Section 163(j) interest dividends to its shareholder. A shareholder that receives a section 163(j) interest dividend generally may treat the dividend as interest income for purposes of Code Section 163(j) if certain holding period requirements are met. Generally, the shareholder must have held the fund shares for more than 180 days during the 361-day window beginning 180 days before the ex-dividend date, and the shareholder must not be obligated (under a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property.

 

If the Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in the shareholder’s shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is generally not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in the shareholder’s shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares.

 

Sale or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and the shareholder’s tax basis in the shares. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares of the Fund or other substantially identical securities are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

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Special Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion relates to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the investment policies of the Fund.

 

Non-U.S. Taxes

 

Investments in non-U.S. securities may cause the Fund to be liable to non-U.S. governments for taxes relating primarily to investment income or capital gains on non-U.S. securities in the Fund’s portfolio. If at the close of its taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations (including foreign governments), the Fund may make an election under the Code that would allow Fund shareholders who are U.S. persons (including U.S. corporations) to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by that Fund to non-U.S. countries in respect of non-U.S. securities held at least a minimum period as specified in the Code. If the Fund were eligible for and were to make the election, the amount of each shareholder’s distribution reported on the information returns filed by the Fund with the IRS must be increased by the amount of the shareholder’s portion of the Fund’s foreign tax paid. A shareholder’s ability to claim all or a part of a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund would also be subject to certain holding period and other limitations imposed by the Code.

 

If the Fund were to qualify as a “qualified fund of funds,” the Fund could be entitled to elect to pass-through its foreign tax credits without regard to the above described 50% requirement. For this purpose, the term “qualified fund of funds” means a regulated investment company if (at the close of each quarter of the taxable year) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies.

 

The Fund does not anticipate that it will be eligible for the elections discussed in this section.  

 

Non-U.S. Currency Transactions

 

Transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S.-currency denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, future contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned and may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxes payable by shareholders. Certain of the Fund’s transactions, if any, in foreign currencies and foreign currency denominated instruments are likely to result in a difference between the Fund’s book income and taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to avoid excise tax liability and to qualify as a regulated investment company, which may have the effect of accelerating taxable distributions to shareholders of the Fund.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

The Fund may own shares in foreign companies that may be classified under the Code as passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”). In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” these securities under certain provisions of the Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the Fund’s fiscal and excise tax years. Under the mark-to-market election, deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities.

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Alternatively, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund would be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives distributions from the PFIC. As with the mark-to-market election, these amounts would be taken into account by the Fund for purposes of satisfying the distribution requirement and the excise tax distribution requirement. Amounts included in income under a QEF election will be qualifying income for a regulated investment company if such earnings are (i) distributed in the taxable year in which they are included, or (ii) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. In order to make a QEF election, the Fund must obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs or by foreign corporations that were PFICs in the year preceding the payment of the dividend are not eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election or a QEF election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax and an interest charge on distributions with respect to such shares, or gain from the disposition of, such shares under punitive tax rules applicable to so-called “excess distributions” from PFICs. Even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. 

 

Controlled Foreign Corporations.

 

The Fund also may invest in entities known as “controlled foreign corporations” (“CFCs”). A CFC is a foreign corporation in which more than 50% of the stock, by vote or value, is owned, directly or constructively, by U.S. persons each of whom own, directly or by the application of certain attribution rules, 10% or more of the stock of a foreign corporation by vote or by value. If the Fund is such a 10% shareholder with respect to a CFC, the Fund is generally required to annually include in income its allocable share of the CFC’s “subpart F income” and may be required to annually include in its income its allocable shares of the CFC’s global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”), both as defined by the Code, regardless of whether or not the CFC distributes such amounts to the Fund. Amounts included in gross income by a Fund as subpart F income of a CFC are qualifying income for a regulated investment company under Code Section 851(b) if either (i) such amounts are distributed to the Fund in the taxable year in which they are earned by the CFC, or (ii) such income is derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. Treasury Regulations provide that GILTI inclusions are treated in the same manner for purposes of Code Section 851(b) as subpart F inclusions.

 

Financial Products

 

The Fund’s investments in options, hedging transactions, forward contracts, swaps and certain other transactions will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income recognized by the Fund, defer the Fund’s losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to Fund shareholders.

 

Certain positions undertaken by the Fund may constitute “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses realized by the Fund. Losses realized by the Fund that are part of a straddle may be deferred beyond the point in time that they are realized. The straddle rules, if applicable, could increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Certain tax elections that the Fund may make with respect to straddles could affect the character and timing of recognition of gains and losses.

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Rules governing the tax aspects of notional principal contracts in which the Fund may invest are not clear in various respects. As a result, the IRS could challenge the Fund’s methods of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes for such contracts, and such a challenge could affect the status of the Fund as a regulated investment company.

 

When the Fund sells a put or call option, the premium received generally is not included in income at the time of receipt. If the option expires, the premium is generally included in income of the Fund as short-term capital gain. If the Fund enters into a closing transaction, the difference between the amount paid to close out its position and the premium received is generally short-term capital gain or loss. If a call option written by the Fund is exercised, thereby requiring the Fund to sell the underlying security, the premium will increase the amount realized upon the sale of such security and any resulting gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss, and will be long-term or short-term depending upon the holding period of the security. With respect to a put or call option that is purchased by the Fund, if the option is sold any resulting gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss, and will be long-term or short-term, depending upon the holding period of the option. If the option expires, the resulting loss is a capital loss and is long-term or short-term, depending upon the holding period of the option. If the option is exercised, the cost of the option, in the case of a call option, is added to the basis of the purchased security and in the case of a put option, reduces the amount realized on the underlying security in determining gain or loss.

 

Some of the Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions, futures contract transactions, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts may be “section 1256 contracts.” With certain exceptions, gains or losses attributable to section 1256 contracts are treated as sixty percent long-term capital gains or losses and forty percent short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”). Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of a taxable year (and, generally, for purposes of the excise tax, on October 31 of each year) are “marked-to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as 60/40 gain or loss.

 

The application of certain requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company and the application of certain other federal income tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with investments in certain derivatives and other investments. As a result, the Fund may be required to limit the extent to which it invests in such investments and the IRS may not agree with the Fund’s treatment of such investments. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives and certain other investments may be affected by future legislation, Treasury regulations and guidance issued by the IRS (which could apply retroactively) that could affect the timing, character and amount of the Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders, affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid federal income and excise taxes or limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in certain derivatives and other investments in the future.

 

Securities Issued or Purchased at a Discount

 

The Fund may acquire debt obligations that have original issue discount. “Original issue discount” is the excess of a debt obligation’s stated redemption price at maturity over the obligation’s issue price. Under long-standing tax rules, a taxpayer that acquires an obligation with original issue discount must include the original issue discount in income on a constant yield-to-maturity basis without regard to when, or whether, payments are made on the obligation. Obligations owned by the Fund that have original issue discount may include the Fund’s investment in securities issued at a discount and its investment in payment-in-kind securities and certain other obligations. Obligations with original issue discount owned by the Fund will give rise to income that the Fund will be required to distribute even though the Fund does not receive an interest payment in cash on the obligation during the year and may never receive such payment. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the required distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales. If the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

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Some debt obligations that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. “Market discount” is generally the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation at maturity over the basis of the obligation immediately after its acquisition by the taxpayer. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make certain elections applicable to debt obligations having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. When recognized, market discount is taxable as ordinary income even if interest on the debt obligation in question is tax exempt.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

The Fund’s investments in equity securities of a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), if any, may result in such Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If the Fund receives such distributions all or a portion of these distributions will constitute a return of capital to such Fund. Receiving a return of capital distribution from a REIT will reduce the amount of income available to be distributed to Fund shareholders. Income from REIT securities generally will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

 

If the Fund invests in stock of a REIT, the Fund may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” to its shareholders with respect to certain dividends received by it from its investment in REITs in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. Section 199A dividends are taxable to individual and other noncorporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied.

 

High-Risk Securities

 

The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. The application of the U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to these types of investments is complicated and will depend upon the application of the law to facts that may be unclear, which may result in uncertainty about the U.S. federal income tax treatment of these investments (e.g., such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts, or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income). These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund if it invests in such securities in order to seek to ensure that the Fund distributes sufficient income to avoid becoming subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who (i) fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), (ii) is identified by the IRS as otherwise subject to backup withholding, or (iii) fails to certify to the Fund that the shareholder is a U.S. person not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 24% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder generally may be refunded or credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A shareholder who has not been notified by the IRS that the shareholder has failed to report interest or dividends may normally avoid backup withholding by furnishing a properly completed IRS Form W-9. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can be subject to IRS penalties.

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Cost Basis Reporting

 

The Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to fund shareholders the cost basis for fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”) when such shares are redeemed, exchanged or otherwise sold and whether the shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. The Fund must report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares (whether or not they are covered shares).

 

The Fund will allow shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods to calculate the cost basis of their covered shares. In the absence of such an election, the Fund will use its default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected or applied may generally not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation.

 

Reportable Transactions

 

If an individual shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to Fund shares of $2 million or more or a corporate shareholder recognizes a loss of $10 million or more in any single taxable year (twice such amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Shareholders who own portfolio securities directly are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement but, under current guidance, shareholders of regulated investment companies are not excepted. A shareholder who fails to make the required disclosure to the IRS may be subject to substantial penalties. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether or not the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper.

 

Shares Held Through Foreign Accounts

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (or “FATCA”), special withholding rules apply when U.S. persons hold investments in the Funds through foreign financial institutions as defined by FATCA (“FFIs”) or non-financial foreign entities as defined by FATCA (“NFFEs”). FFIs and NFFEs that are shareholders of the Fund may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (1) income dividends paid by the Fund, and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of a sale of Fund shares. The FATCA withholding tax generally may be avoided on payments to: (a) FFI, if the FFI reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI, and satisfies certain withholding requirements, and (b) NFFE, if the NNFE: (i) certifies that is has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) reports information relating to them to the withholding agent (which may be the Fund). The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (each, an “IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA and applicable local law instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.

 

An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and provided that such entity meets certain other specified requirements. The FFI will report to the IRS, or, depending on the FFI’s country of residence, to the government of that country (pursuant to the terms and conditions of an applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

 

An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report information to the IRS.

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Shares held through such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA in addition to, the U.S. certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above.

 

Other Tax Matters

 

Special tax rules not described in this discussion apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans, as well as investments by other tax-exempt entities. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans or by other tax-exempt entities and the precise effect that investment in the Fund would have on their particular tax situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law. Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, state, local and, where applicable, foreign taxes. Foreign investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the certification and filing requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from the backup withholding tax rates (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by treaty and the potential applicability of the U.S. estate tax).

 

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and related regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative actions.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on January 12, 2012 and consists of multiple separate portfolios or series. The Board may establish additional series in the future. The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with no par value.

 

When certain matters affect one fund but not another, the shareholders vote as a fund regarding such matters. Subject to the foregoing, on any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares then entitled to vote will be voted separately by the fund unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, in which case all shares will be voted in the aggregate. For example, a change in a fund’s fundamental investment policies would be voted upon only by shareholders of the fund. Additionally, approvals of Investment Advisory Contracts are matters to be determined separately by the fund.

 

Approval by the shareholders of one fund is effective as to that fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other fund to approve the proposal as to that fund. The term “majority,” when referring to approvals to be obtained from shareholders of a fund means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the fund or class represented at a meeting if the holder of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund or class are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the fund. The term “majority,” when referring to the approvals to be obtained from shareholders of the Trust as a whole means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the Trust’s shares represented at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares are present in person or proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Trust’s outstanding shares. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held.

 

The Trust is not required to hold regular annual meetings of a fund’s shareholders and does not intend to do so. However, the Trust undertakes to hold a special meeting of its shareholders if the purpose of voting on the question of removal of a director or trustees is requested in writing by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding voting securities, and to assist in communicating with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act. The Declaration of Trust provides that the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust may remove a person serving as Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such purpose.

46

 

Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the fund with each other share and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution, and a distribution of any general assets of the Trust not attributable to the Fund that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine.

 

Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.

 

Under Delaware law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of a series of the Trust but only to the extent of the shareholder’s investment in such series. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of each series of the Trust and requires that notice of the disclaimer be given in each contract or obligations entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations and should be considered remote and is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment in the Fund.

 

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

 

Custodian. UMB Bank, N.A., with its principal place of business located at 1010 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106, serves as the custodian for the Fund. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. The Custodian also maintains certain accounts and records of the Fund. Sub-custodians provide custodial services for any foreign assets held outside of the United States.

 

Transfer Agent. ALPS, pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, serves as transfer agent for the Fund. As Transfer Agent, ALPS has, among other things, agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of the Fund; (ii) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; (iii) effect transfers of shares; (iv) mail communications to shareholders of the Fund, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; (v) facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports; and (vi) maintain shareholder accounts. Under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, ALPS receives from the Trust on behalf of the Fund an annual minimum fee and a fee based upon the number of shareholder accounts and is also reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. As described above, ALPS is an affiliate of the Distributor.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Cohen & Company, Ltd. (“Cohen”) serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. Cohen provides audit services, tax return review and assistance. Cohen is located at 1350 Euclid Ave., Suite 800, Cleveland, Ohio 44115.

 

Counsel. Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP serves as counsel to the Trust and is located at 1550 17th Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202. Thompson Hine LLP serves as counsel to the Independent Trustees and is located at 41 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215.

47

 

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

Yield and Total Return. The Fund may from time to time include the yield and/or total return of its shares in advertisements or information in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders.

 

The Fund’s yield will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolios and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to the Fund. These factors, possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield, and the tax exempt status of distributions, should be considered when comparing the Fund’s yield to yields published for other investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be considered relative to changes in the value of the Fund’s shares and to the relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund.

 

At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or lower than past yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.

 

Investors in the Fund are specifically advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset value per share, will vary just as yield will vary. An investor’s focus on the yield of the Fund to the exclusion of the consideration of the share price of the Fund may result in the investor’s misunderstanding the total return he or she may derive from the Fund.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The audited financial statements of the Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, and the report of Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, is incorporated herein by reference to the Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The Fund’s Annual Report is available at no charge by writing or telephoning the Fund at the address or number on the front page of this Statement of Additional Information.

48

 

APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

The Fund may make use of average portfolio credit quality standards to assist institutional investors whose own investment guidelines limit their investments accordingly. In determining the Fund’s overall dollar-weighted average quality, unrated securities are treated as if rated, based on the adviser’s view of their comparability to rated securities. The Fund’s use of average quality criteria is intended to be a guide for those investors whose investment guidelines require that assets be invested according to comparable criteria. Reference to an overall average quality rating for the Fund does not mean that all securities held by the Fund will be rated in that category or higher. The Fund’s investments may range in quality from securities rated in the lowest category in which the Fund is permitted to invest to securities rated in the highest category (as rated by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or, if unrated, determined by the adviser to be of comparable quality). The percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in securities in a particular rating category will vary. Following is a description of Moody’s, S&P’s and Fitch’s ratings applicable to fixed-income securities.

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

A-1

 

Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than with Aaa securities.

 

A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured), interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Moody’s bond ratings, where specified, are applicable to financial contracts, senior bank obligations and insurance company senior policyholder and claims obligations with an original maturity in excess of one year. Obligations relying upon support mechanisms such as letter-of-credit and bonds of indemnity are excluded unless explicitly rated. Obligations of a branch of a bank are considered to be domiciled in the country in which the branch is located.

 

Unless noted as an exception, Moody’s rating on a bank’s ability to repay senior obligations extends only to branches located in countries which carry a Moody’s Sovereign Rating for Bank Deposits. Such branch obligations are rated at the lower of the bank’s rating or Moody’s Sovereign Rating for the Bank Deposits for the country in which the branch is located. When the currency in which an obligation is denominated is not the same as the currency of the country in which the obligation is domiciled, Moody’s ratings do not incorporate an opinion as to whether payment of the obligation will be affected by the actions of the government controlling the currency of denomination. In addition, risk associated with bilateral conflicts between an investor’s home country and cither the issuer’s home country or the country where an issuer branch is located are not incorporated into Moody’s ratings.

 

Moody’s makes no representation that rated bank obligations or insurance company obligations are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or issued in conformity with any other applicable law or regulation. Nor does Moody’s represent that any specific bank or insurance company obligation is legally enforceable or a valid senior obligation of a rated issuer.

A-2

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classified from Aa through Caa in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

Corporate Short-Term Debt Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.

 

Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment-grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

PRIME-1: Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries; high rates of return on funds employed: conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

PRIME-2: Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

PRIME-3: Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

NOT PRIME: Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

 

Issue Credit Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

 

Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.

A-3

 

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days, including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations: likelihood of payment - capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation: nature of and provisions of the obligation; protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.

 

Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings

 

Investment-grade

 

AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.  

 

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBS’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Speculative Grade

 

Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

A-4

 

B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘C’ rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A ‘C’ also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

 

D: An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

Plus (+) or Minus (–): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Provisional ratings: The letter “p” indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

 

r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. Examples include: obligations linked or indexed to equities, currencies, or commodities; obligations exposed to severe prepayment risk - such as interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities; and obligations with unusually risky interest terms, such as inverse floaters.

 

The absence of an “r” symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return.

 

N.R.: This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate and municipal issues. The ratings measure the creditworthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

A-5

 

Commercial Paper Rating Definitions

 

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

 

A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

A commercial paper rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor’s by the issuer or obtained from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information.

 

Fitch Investor Services, Inc.

 

Credit Ratings

 

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

A-6

 

The use of credit ratings defines their function: “investment grade” ratings (international Long-term ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB-’ categories; Short-term ‘F1’ to ‘F3’) indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while those in the “speculative” or “non-investment grade” categories (international Long-term ‘BB+’ to ‘D’; Short-term ‘B’ to ‘D’) either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred. Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss.

 

Depending on their application, credit ratings address benchmark measures of probability of default as well relative expectations of loss given default. For example, issuers are typically assigned Issuer Default Ratings that are relative measures of default probability. Similarly, short-term credit ratings give primary consideration to the likelihood that obligations will be met on a timely basis. Securities, however, are rated taking into consideration probability of default and loss given default. As a result, for entities such as corporations security ratings may be rated higher, lower or the same as the issuer rating to reflect expectations of the security’s relative recovery prospects, as well as differences in ability and willingness to pay. While recovery analysis plays an important role throughout the ratings scale, it becomes a more critical consideration for below investment-grade securities and obligations, particularly at the lower end of the non-investment-grade ratings scale where Fitch often publishes actual Recovery Ratings that are complementary to the credit ratings.

 

Structured finance ratings typically are assigned to each individual security or tranche in a transaction, and not to an issuer. Each structured finance tranche is rated on the basis of various stress scenarios in combination with its relative seniority, prioritization of cash flows and other structural mechanisms.

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.

 

The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:

 

Investment Grade

 

AAA

 

Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA

 

Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A-7

 

A

 

High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

BBB

 

Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

 

Speculative Grade

 

BB

 

Speculative

 

‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

B

 

Highly speculative

 

For issuers and performing obligations, ‘B’ ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R1’ (outstanding).

 

CCC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R2’ (superior), or ‘R3’ (good) or ‘R4’ (average).

 

CC

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of ‘R4’ (average) or ‘R5’ (below average).

 

C

 

For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent.

A-8

 

For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of ‘R6’ (poor).

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:

 

  failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation;
  the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or
  the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.

 

Issuers will be rated ‘D’ upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of ‘C’ to ‘B’ ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the ‘B’ or ‘CCC-C’ categories.

 

Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations’ documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation’s documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch’s published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.

 

International Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.

 

F1

 

Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

A-9

 

F2

 

Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

F3

 

Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

 

B

 

Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

C

 

High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.   

 

RD

 

Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.

 

D

 

Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

 

Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings:

 

The modifiers “+” or “–” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’ or to Short-term ratings other than ‘Fl’. (The +/– modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)

 

Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as “Positive,” indicating a potential upgrade, “Negative,” for a potential downgrade, or “Evolving,” if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.

 

Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are “stable” could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.

 

Program ratings (such as those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned: it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.

A-10

 

Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term “put” or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.

 

Interest Only

 

Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.

 

Principal Only

 

Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.

 

Rate of Return

 

Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.

 

‘PIF’

 

Paid-in-Full: denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.

 

‘NR’ indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.

 

‘Withdrawn’: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.

A-11

 

APPENDIX B 

 

ALPS SERIES TRUST

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Trust has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy used to determine how the Fund votes proxies relating to its portfolio securities. Under the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policy, the Fund has, subject to the oversight of the Trust’s Board, delegated to the Adviser the following duties: (1) to make the proxy voting decisions for the Fund, subject to the exceptions described below; and (2) to assist the Fund in disclosing its proxy voting record as required by Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act.

 

In cases where a matter with respect to which the Fund was entitled to vote presents a conflict between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Fund’s Adviser, principal underwriter or an affiliated person of the Fund, its Adviser, or principal underwriter, on the other hand, the Fund shall always vote in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. For purposes of this Policy, a vote shall be considered in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders when a vote is cast consistent with a specific voting policy as set forth in the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy (described below), provided such specific voting policy was approved by the Board.

B-1

 

The Fund CCO shall ensure that the Adviser has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy, which it uses to vote proxies for its clients, including the Fund.

 

General

 

The Trust and the Fund believe that the voting of proxies is an important part of portfolio management as it represents an opportunity for shareholders to make their voices heard and to influence the direction of a company. The Trust and the Fund are committed to voting corporate proxies in the manner that best serves the interests of the Fund’s shareholders.

 

Delegation to the Adviser

 

The Trust believes that the Adviser is in the best position to make individual voting decisions for the Fund consistent with this Policy. Therefore, subject to the oversight of the Board, the Adviser is hereby delegated the following duties:

 

(1) to make the proxy voting decisions for the Fund, in accordance with the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy, except as provided herein; and

 

(2) to assist the Fund in disclosing their respective proxy voting record as required by Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act, including providing the following information for each matter with respect to which the Fund is entitled to vote: (a) information identifying the matter voted on; (b) whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; (c) whether and how the Fund cast its vote; and (d) whether the Fund cast its vote for or against management. 

 

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees of the Board, must approve the Adviser’s Proxy Voting and Disclosure Policy (the “Adviser Voting Policy”) as it relates to the Fund. The Board must also approve any material changes to the Adviser Voting Policy no later than six (6) months after adoption by the Adviser.

 

Conflicts

 

In cases where a matter with respect to which the Fund was entitled to vote presents a conflict between the interest of the Fund’s shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Fund’s Adviser, principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Fund, its Adviser, or principal underwriter, on the other hand, the Fund shall always vote in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. For purposes of this Policy, a vote shall be considered in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders when a vote is cast consistent with the specific voting policy as set forth in the Adviser Voting Policy, provided such specific voting policy was approved by the Board.

 

HILLMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

Hillman Capital Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”) shall vote proxies related to securities held in our clients’ portfolios, including the portfolios of mutual funds for which we serve as the investment adviser, in the best interest of our clients. All references in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are limited solely to clients for which we have agreed to vote such proxies. A client may reserve to itself the right to vote proxies.

 

The Adviser’s authority to vote the proxies of certain clients is established by advisory contracts or comparable documents. In addition to requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts.

B-2

 

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), requires us to act solely in the best interest of our clients at all times. We have adopted and implemented these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures which we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act.

 

Reflecting a basic investment philosophy that good management is shareholder focused, proxy votes will generally be cast in support of management on routine corporate matters and in support of any management proposal that is plainly in the interest of all shareholders. Specifically, proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that:

 

  ●  maintain or increase shareholder rights generally.
  ●  maintain or strengthen the shared interests of stockholders and management; and
  ●  increase shareholder value;

 

Proxy votes will generally be cast against proposals having the opposite effect of the above interests. Where we perceive that a management proposal, if approved, would tend to limit or reduce the market value of the company’s securities, we will generally vote against it. We believe that means for ensuring management accountability to shareholders, in the rare cases where the means are threatened, must not be compromised.

 

We generally support shareholder rights and recapitalization measures undertaken unilaterally by boards of directors properly exercising their responsibilities and authority, unless such measures could have the effect of reducing shareholder rights or potential shareholder value. In cases where shareholder proposals challenge such actions, our voting position will generally favor not interfering with the directors’ proper function in the interest of all shareholders.

 

We believe that proposals addressing strictly social or political issues are not relevant to the goal of maximizing the return on funds under our management. We will generally vote against such proposals, but will consider supporting proposals that seek to protect shareholder rights or minimize risks to shareholder value.

 

We may delegate our responsibilities under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures to a third party, provided that we retain final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting. If we so delegate our responsibilities, we shall monitor the delegate’s compliance with these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

 

We have contracted with Broadridge Financial Solutions and will use their Proxy Edge proxy voting platform (“PE”) for proxy voting support related to voting and recordkeeping. The proxy voting recommendations are provided by Glass-Lewis. Under the terms of our arrangement with PE, we inform PE, in advance, as to how we intend for certain issues to be voted. PE has categorized common proxy voting issues and we can instruct PE to vote either for or against a particular type of proposal or we can instruct PE to seek specific instruction from us with respect to that particular type of proposal on a case-by-case basis (“Voting Instructions”). We have carefully considered each of the categories of issues presented by PE and have determined which issues we will generally support, which we will generally oppose and which we will vote on a case by case basis after careful evaluation of the issue(s) presented. A basic discussion of our proxy voting philosophies is incorporated into these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. We will review our standing Voting Instructions annually. We may alter our standing Voting Instructions at any time and, from time to time, PE may ask us to provide Voting Instructions for additional categories of proxy issues.

 

Votes will be cast by PE in a timely fashion. PE receives all proxy statements, sorts the proposals according to their categories and votes the proxies according to our Voting Instructions. Proposals for which a voting decision has been pre-determined are automatically voted by PE pursuant to the Voting Instructions. We inform PE as to how other proposals are to be voted through PE’s website.

B-3

 

To the extent that a proxy contains a “case-by-case” issue which will not be voted by PE according to our pre-determined Voting Instructions, we review the proxy to assess the extent, if any, to which there may be a material conflict between the interests of our clients on the one hand and our interests (including those of our affiliates, directors, officers, employees and other similar persons) on the other hand (a “potential conflict”). We perform this assessment on a proposal-by-proposal basis, and a potential conflict with respect to one proposal in a proxy shall not indicate that a potential conflict exists with respect to any other proposal in such proxy. If we determine that a potential conflict may exist, it shall be reported to our Proxy Voting Committee, consisting of Mark A. Hillman and Trevor Lee, The Proxy Voting Committee shall determine whether a potential conflict exists and is authorized to resolve any such conflict in a manner that is in the collective best interests of our clients (excluding any client that may have a potential conflict). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Proxy Voting Committee may resolve a potential conflict in any of the following manners:

 

  We may disclose the potential conflict to our clients and obtain the consent of each of our clients before voting such securities pro-rata in accordance with the interests of our clients; or
  We may engage an independent third-party to determine how the proxy should be voted.

 

We will use commercially reasonable efforts to determine whether a potential conflict may exist, and a potential conflict shall be deemed to exist if and only if one or more of our senior portfolio managers actually knew or reasonably should have known of the potential conflict.

 

We may abstain from voting a client proxy if we conclude that the effect on shareholders’ economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant

 

We may abstain from voting a client proxy for cost reasons (e.g., costs associated with voting proxies of non-U.S. securities). In accordance with our fiduciary duties, we will weigh the costs and benefits of voting proxy proposals and make an informed decision with respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent. Our decision takes into account the effect that the vote of our clients, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of our client’s investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting.

 

To the extent that the Hillman Value Fund invests in shares of other investment companies in accordance with the safe harbor provisions of Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Adviser will vote proxies with respect to such investment company securities in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.

 

Unless otherwise directed by a client in writing, we are responsible for voting all proxies related to securities that we manage for clients with respect to which we have accepted proxy voting responsibility in writing. A client may from time to time direct us in writing to vote proxies in a manner that is different from the guidelines set forth in these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. We will follow such written direction for proxies received after our receipt of such written direction.

 

We shall maintain certain records required by applicable law in connection with proxy voting activities and shall provide proxy voting information to a client for which we are responsible for voting proxies upon written request.

 

We shall keep the following records in an easily accessible place for a period of at least five years, the first two years in our offices:

 

●    Proxy statements received for client securities (we may rely on filings made on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR system to maintain this record);  

●    Records of each vote cast on behalf of clients;  

B-4

 

●    Records of written client requests for proxy voting information and any written responses by us to any client requests for such information; and  

●    Documents prepared by us that were material to making a proxy voting decision or that memorialized the basis for a voting decision. 

●    Clients should contact us in writing to obtain information about how we voted proxies with respect to their securities and to request a copy of our Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures at:

 

Hillman Capital Management, Inc. 

7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 260 

Bethesda, MD 20814

 

Our Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be reviewed annually. The Proxy Voting Committee will review present procedures and past decisions with the aim of developing the most coherent and understandable proxy voting policy possible. We believe that a careful and continually evolving policy is indispensable to the task of discharging our fiduciary duties as an investment advisor.

 

These Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures may be amended at any time by the Adviser, provided that material changes that affect proxy voting for the Hillman Value Fund shall be ratified by the Board of Trustees of such fund within four (4) months of adoption by the Adviser.

 

Adopted as of this 8th day of June 2006

Amended this 18th day of June 2009 

Amended this 8th day of June 2011 

Amended this 30th day of January 2012 

Amended this 26th day of January 2014

Mark A. Hillman, Chief Executive Officer 

B-5

 

 

 

Institutional Class

As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

February 01, 2024 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

Table of Contents

 

     

FUND SUMMARY

2

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund

2

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund

10

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

18

EACH FUND’S PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RELATED RISKS

20

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

27

MANAGEMENT

27

THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

28

ADMINISTRATOR, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT OF THE FUNDS

29

BUYING, EXCHANGING, AND REDEEMING SHARES

29

SHARE TRANSACTIONS

36

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

39

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

40

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

43

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

Back Cover

 

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

1

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund (the “Fund”)

 

Investment Objective

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

 

 

Investor Class

Maximum sales charge (Load) imposed on purchases

None

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if you sell or exchange your shares within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

Exchange Fee

None

Maximum Account Fee

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Investor Class

Management Fees

0.70%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

None

Total Other Expenses

0.89%

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.59%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement (1)

(0.19)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (1)

1.40%

 

(1)

Seven Canyons Advisors, LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to limit the amount of the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of interest, dividend expense on short sales/interest expense, taxes, brokerage commissions, other investment related costs, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business) to an annual rate of 1.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. This agreement is in effect through at least January 31, 2025, and will automatically continue upon annual approval by the board for successive twelve-month periods unless (i) it is terminated earlier by the Board of Trustees, or (ii) the Adviser provides at least 30 days written notice of its non-continuance prior to the end of the then effective term. The Adviser will be permitted to recover expenses it has borne through the agreement described above (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) only to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods do not exceed the lesser of (1) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser waives or limits the expenses or (2) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser seeks to recover the expenses; provided, however, that the Fund will not obligated to pay any such deferred fees or expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expense was reduced, as calculated on a monthly basis.

 

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Example

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example takes into consideration the agreement by the Adviser to waive fees and reimburse expenses for the contractual period only.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$ 143

$ 483

$ 847

$ 1,871

 

You would pay the following expenses if
you did not redeem your shares:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$ 143

$ 483

$ 847

$ 1,871

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher turnover rate may also result in additional income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 102% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities (primarily common stock) of domestic and foreign micro, small, and midsize growth companies with market capitalizations of less than US $5 billion at the time of purchase. At times, one type of security may make up a substantial portion of the Fund, while other types may have minimal or no representation. The Fund may invest a large percentage of its assets in a few sectors.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will typically be invested in at least three developed countries, including the U.S. The Fund may invest its assets in securities issued by foreign companies in developed countries without limit. To a lesser extent, the Fund may invest in foreign companies in emerging and frontier markets. Securities issued by companies incorporated outside the United States whose securities are principally traded in the United States are not defined as foreign companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 40% of its assets (30% if conditions are not favorable) in equity securities of companies tied economically to countries other than the United States. The Fund regards a company as being tied economically to a country other than the U.S. if, at the time of purchase, the company has at least 50% of its assets outside the U.S., or if at least 50% of its revenues or profits are from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed outside the U.S.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

3

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

The Fund may invest in investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

 

The Adviser will use a process of “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to seek to identify and invest in companies with the greatest potential for growth. The Adviser’s analysis may include studying a company’s financial statements, building proprietary financial models, visiting company facilities, and meeting with executive management, suppliers and customers.

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

 

As with any mutual fund, there are risks to investing. There is no guarantee that the Fund will meet its investment objective. The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund, which may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described herein) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities represent ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equity securities. The value of equity securities purchased by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in declines or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. The value of equity securities may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

In addition, the value may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or generally adverse investor sentiment.

 

Growth Securities Risk. The Fund invests in companies that the portfolio managers believe have growth potential. Securities of companies perceived to be “growth” companies may be more volatile than other stocks and may involve special risks. If the portfolio managers’ perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s returns. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions, growth stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investments in U.S. securities. Differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in  

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currency exchange rates, can have a significant effect on the value of a foreign security. Additionally, certain countries may utilize formal or informal currency-exchange controls or “capital controls.” Capital controls may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investments or income. Such capital controls can also have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s holdings.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile and less liquid securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties that fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities and emerging markets, frontier market securities involve unique risks, such as exposure to economies less diverse and mature than those of the U.S. or more established foreign markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in more developed foreign countries, including securities of issuers in larger emerging markets. Frontier markets generally receive less investor attention than developed markets or larger emerging markets. These risks can result in the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity.

 

Smaller Company Stock Risk. Small- and mid-cap stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. In particular, the issuers of small company stocks have more narrow markets for their products and services, fewer product lines, and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger issuers. The stocks of small companies may therefore be more volatile and the ability to sell these stocks at a desirable time or price may be more limited.

 

Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as the impact of inflation on the economy, supply chain disruptions, real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, war, the spread of infectious illness or other public issues, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Sector and Industry Weightings Risk. The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets within one or more economic sectors. To the extent the Fund emphasizes, from time to time, investments in a particular sector, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks particular to that  

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

5

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

sector. Market conditions, interest rates, and economic, regulatory, or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased exposure to the price movements of securities in those sectors. Additionally, the Fund’s performance may be more volatile when the Fund’s investments are focused in a particular sector. The Fund may also from time to time make significant investments in an industry or industries within a particular sector. The industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. Adverse conditions in such industry or industries could have a correspondingly adverse effect on the financial condition of issuers. These conditions may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to fluctuate more than the values of shares of funds that invest in a greater variety of investments.

 

Information Technology Risk. The Fund tends to have a higher investment concentration in the IT sector. Information Technology companies tend to significantly rely on technological events or advances in their product development, production or operations and are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technological product cycles, government regulation and competition.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk. ETFs are investment companies that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Shares of ETFs are redeemable only in larger aggregations of a specified number of shares and generally on an in-kind basis. When the Fund invests in an ETF, it will bear additional expenses based on its pro rata share of the ETF’s operating expenses. Because of the ETF expenses, it may be more costly to own the ETF than owning the underlying securities directly. In addition, the Fund will incur brokerage costs when purchasing and selling shares of ETFs. The risk of owning an ETF generally reflects the risks of the underlying securities held by the ETF and investment strategies employed by such ETF (such as the use of leverage). The market price of an ETF may also fluctuate due to the supply of, and demand for, the ETF’s shares on the exchange upon which its shares are traded and may trade at a premium or discount to its net asset value. As ETFs trade on an exchange, they are subject to the risks of any exchange-traded instrument, including: (i) an active market for its shares may not develop or be maintained, (ii) market makers or authorized participants may decide to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress, (iii) trading of its shares may be halted by the exchange, and (iv) its shares may be delisted from the exchange.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Rate Risk.The Fund may have a relatively high turnover rate compared to many mutual funds. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) has the potential to result in increased brokerage transaction costs which may lower the Fund’s returns. Furthermore, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in the realization by the Fund, and distribution to shareholders, of a greater amount of short-term capital gains than if the Fund had a low portfolio turnover rate. Distributions to shareholders of short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income under federal income tax laws. This could result in a higher tax liability and may lower an investor’s after-tax return.

 

It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

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Performance Information

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The Fund was organized as a successor to the Wasatch Strategic Income Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of Wasatch Funds Trust. The Predecessor Fund was reorganized with and into the Fund on September 10, 2018. The Fund has adopted the historical performance of the Predecessor Fund. The performance shown for periods prior to September 10, 2018 reflects the performance of the Predecessor Fund’s Investor Class shares. The table compares the Predecessor Fund’s average annual returns for the periods prior to September 10, 2018 and the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated thereafter to broad-based securities market indices. The performance of the Predecessor Fund is not the performance of the Fund, and is not necessarily indicative of the Fund’s future performance. If the Predecessor Fund’s investment manager and/or its affiliates had not waived or reimbursed certain Predecessor Fund expenses during these periods, the Predecessor Fund’s returns would have been different. Additionally, the Fund modified its investment strategy on January 28, 2022. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available at no cost by at www.sevencanyonsadvisors.com or by calling 1-833-7-CANYON (1-833-722-6966).

 

Annual Total Returns
(For years ended 12/31) - Investor Class

 

 

Year

 

The year-to-date return as of December 31, 2023 was 8.39%.

 

Best and Worst Quarterly Returns

Best6/30/20

18.61%

Worst3/31/20

-32.84%

 

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

7

 

 

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

Average Annual Total Returns — (as of 12/31/23)

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund — Investor Class

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

8.39%

6.44%

4.64%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

7.60%

4.46%

3.06%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

5.19%

4.68%

3.29%

MSCI ACWI Small Cap Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) (1)

16.84%

9.85%

6.66%

 

(1)

ACWI Index is maintained by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) and is comprised of stocks from 23 developed countries and 27 emerging markets.

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates, and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on the investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The after-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Investment Adviser

Seven Canyons Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

The Fund is managed by the following portfolio managers:

 

Portfolio Managers

Period of Service
with the Fund

Primary Title

Spencer Stewart

Since September 2019

Portfolio Manager

Andrey Kutuzov

Since November 2021

Portfolio Manager

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

The Fund offers one class of shares: Investor Class shares. You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any business day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open by written request via mail Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund, c/o ALPS Fund Services, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203, by telephone at 1-833-722-6966, or through a financial intermediary. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact the financial intermediary directly. They may charge you a transaction fee for this service.

 

The minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts are shown below. The Fund reserves the right to waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts. For a description of the Fund’s Investor Class shares, see “Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares.”

 

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Initial Investment Minimum

 

Type of Account

 

New Account

$2,000

New Accounts with Automatic Investment Plan

$1,000

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

$2,000

Coverdell Education Savings Accounts

$1,000

 

Subsequent Purchases Minimum

 

Type of Account

 

Regular Accounts and IRAs

$100

Automatic Investment Plan

$50 per month and/or
$100 per quarter

 

Tax Information

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, capital gain, qualified dividend income, or Section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

9

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

FUND SUMMARY

 

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund (the “Fund”)

 

Investment Objective

The Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

 

 

Investor Class

Institutional
Class

Maximum sales charge (Load) imposed on purchases

None

None

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if you sell or exchange your shares within 60 days of purchase)

2.00%

2.00%

Exchange Fee

None

None

Maximum Account Fee

None

None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Investor Class

Institutional
Class

Management Fees

1.50%

1.50%

Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees

None

None

Total Other Expenses

0.35%

0.30%(1)

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses

0.00%

0.00%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.85%

1.80%

Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement (2)

(0.15)%

(0.20)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement (2)(3)

1.70%

1.60%

 

(1)

Restated to reflect current fees.

 

(2)

Seven Canyons Advisors, LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has contractually agreed to limit the amount of the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of interest, dividend expense on short sales/interest expense, taxes, brokerage commissions, other investment related costs, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business) to an annual rate of 1.70% and 1.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor Class and the Institutional Class, respectively. This agreement is in effect through at least January 31, 2025, and will automatically continue upon annual approval by the board for successive twelve-month periods unless (i) it is terminated earlier by the Board of Trustees, or (ii) the Adviser provides at least 30 days written notice of its non-continuance prior to the end of the then effective term. The Adviser will be permitted to recover, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the agreement described above (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) only to the extent that the Fund’s expenses in later periods do not exceed the

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lesser of (1) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser waives or limits the expenses or (2) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser seeks to recover the expenses; provided, however, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees or expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expense was reduced, as calculated on a monthly basis.

 

(3)

Restated to reflect current fees and expense limitation agreement.

 

Example

This example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example takes into consideration the agreement by the Adviser to waive fees and reimburse expenses for the contractual period only.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

 

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$ 173

$ 567

$ 986

$2,154

Institutional Class

$ 163

$ 547

$ 956

$2,097

 

You would pay the following expenses if
you did not redeem your shares:

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

Investor Class

$173

$567

$986

$2,154

Institutional Class

$163

$547

$956

$2,097

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. A higher turnover rate may also result in additional income taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 114% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities (primarily common stock) of foreign growth companies that the Adviser believes are innovators in their respective sectors or industries.

 

Modern innovative companies have global business models that are less dependent upon their place of domicile, the location of their headquarters, or the exchange on which their stocks are listed.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will typically be invested in at least three developed countries, other than the U.S. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets without limitation.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 40% of its assets (30% if conditions are not favorable) in equity securities of companies tied economically to countries other than the United States. The Fund regards a company as being tied economically to a country other than the U.S. if, at the time of purchase, the company has at least 50% of its assets outside the U.S., or if at least 50% of its revenues or profits are from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed outside the U.S.

 

The Adviser will use a process of “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to invest in companies of any size. However, because innovative companies are rapidly evolving, the Adviser expects to invest a significant portion of the Fund’s assets in early stage companies and small- to mid-size companies with market capitalizations of less than US $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a large percentage of its assets in a few sectors.

 

The Adviser has defined two broad categories that it believes are critical to identifying companies with outstanding investment potential. The first is companies that possess valuable intellectual property. The second is companies that are innovators in their respective sectors or industries.

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

 

As with any mutual fund, there are risks to investing. There is no guarantee that the Fund will meet its investment objective. The following is a description of the principal risks of the Fund, which may adversely affect its net asset value and total return. There are other circumstances (including additional risks that are not described herein) which could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities represent ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equity securities. The value of equity securities purchased by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in declines or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. The value of equity securities may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

In addition, the value may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or generally adverse investor sentiment.

 

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Growth Securities Risk. The Fund invests in companies that the portfolio managers believe have growth potential. Securities of companies perceived to be “growth” companies may be more volatile than other stocks and may involve special risks. If the portfolio managers’ perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s returns. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions, growth stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investments in U.S. securities. Differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, can have a significant effect on the value of a foreign security. Additionally, certain countries may utilize formal or informal currency-exchange controls or “capital controls.” Capital controls may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investments or income. Such capital controls can also have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s holdings.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile and less liquid securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties that fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities and emerging markets, frontier market securities involve unique risks, such as exposure to economies less diverse and mature than those of the U.S. or more established foreign markets. Economic or political instability may cause larger price changes in frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in more developed foreign countries, including securities of issuers in larger emerging markets. Frontier markets generally receive less investor attention than developed markets or larger emerging markets. These risks can result in the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity.

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be illiquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Smaller Company Stock Risk. Small- and mid-cap stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. In particular, the issuers of small company stocks have more narrow markets for their products and services, fewer product lines, and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger issuers. The stocks of small companies may therefore be more volatile and the ability to sell these stocks at a desirable time or price may be more limited.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

Sector and Industry Weightings Risk. To the extent the Fund emphasizes, from time to time, investments in a particular sector, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks particular to that sector, including the sectors described below. Market conditions, interest rates, and economic, regulatory, or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased exposure to the price movements of securities in those sectors. The Fund may also from time to time make significant investments in an industry or industries within a particular sector. The industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. Adverse conditions in such industry or industries could have a correspondingly adverse effect on the financial condition of issuers. These conditions may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to fluctuate more than the values of shares of funds that invest in a greater variety of investments.

 

Information Technology Risk. The Fund tends to have a higher investment concentration in the IT sector. Information Technology companies tend to significantly rely on technological events or advances in their product development, production or operations and are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technological product cycles, government regulation and competition.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Rate Risk. The Fund may have a relatively high turnover rate compared to many mutual funds. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) has the potential to result in increased brokerage transaction costs which may lower the Fund’s returns. Furthermore, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in the realization by the Fund, and distribution to shareholders, of a greater amount of short-term capital gains than if the Fund had a low portfolio turnover rate. Distributions to shareholders of short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income under federal income tax laws. This could result in a higher tax liability and may lower an investor’s after-tax return.

 

Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as the impact of inflation on the economy, supply chain disruptions, real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, war, the spread of infectious illness or other public issues, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. Investments in the Fund are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

 

Performance Information

The following information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing how the Fund’s performance has varied over time. The Fund was organized as a successor to the Wasatch World Innovators Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of Wasatch Funds Trust. The Predecessor Fund was reorganized with and into the Fund on September 10, 2018. The Fund has adopted the historical performance of the Predecessor Fund. The performance shown for periods prior to September 10, 2018 reflects the performance of the Predecessor Fund’s Investor Class

 

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shares. The table compares the Predecessor Fund’s average annual returns for the periods prior to September 10, 2018 and the Fund’s average annual returns for the periods indicated thereafter to broad-based securities market indices. The performance of the Predecessor Fund is not the performance of the Fund, and is not necessarily indicative of the Fund’s future performance. If the Predecessor Fund’s investment manager and/or its affiliates had not waived or reimbursed certain Predecessor Fund expenses during these periods, the Predecessor Fund’s returns would have been different. Additionally, the Fund modified its investment strategy on January 28, 2022. The Fund’s past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available at no cost by at www.sevencanyonsadvisors.com or by calling 1-833-7-CANYON (1-833-722-6966).

 

Annual Total Returns
(For years ended 12/31) - Investor Class

 

 

Year

 

The year-to-date return as of December 31, 2023 was 5.43%.

 

Best and Worst Quarterly Returns

Best6/30/20

48.00%

Worst 6/30/22

-24.30%

 

Average Annual Total Returns — (as of 12/31/23)

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund — Investor Class

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

5.43%

3.21%

3.87%

Return After Taxes on Distributions

5.43%

1.65%

1.42%

Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares

3.22%

2.57%

2.80%

MSCI All Country Ex-US Small Cap Index * (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) (1)

15.66%

7.89%

4.88%

 

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

15

 

 

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since
Inception
(2/1/16)

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund — Institutional Class

 

 

 

 

Return Before Taxes

5.61%

3.41%

5.78%

2/1/16

MSCI All Country Ex-US Small Cap Index * (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes) (1) *,(1)

15.66%

7.89%

7.35%

 

*

Source: MSCI. MSCI makes no express or implied warranties or representations and shall have no liability whatsoever with respect to any MSCI data contained herein. The MSCI data may not be further redistributed or used to create indexes or financial products. This report is not approved or produced by MSCI.

 

(1)

The MSCI ACWI ex USA Small Cap Index captures small cap representation across 22 of 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries (excluding the US) and 26 Emerging Markets (EM) countries.

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates, and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on the investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The after-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares through tax-advantaged arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

After-tax returns are only shown for Investor Class shares of the Fund. After-tax returns for Institutional shares will vary from those shown for Investor Class shares due to varying expenses among the classes.

 

Investment Adviser

Seven Canyons Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

The Fund is managed by the following portfolio managers:

 

Portfolio Managers

Period of Service
with the Fund

Primary Title

Spencer Stewart

Since September 2019

Portfolio Manager

Andrey Kutuzov

Since January 2022

Portfolio Manager

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

The Fund offers two classes of shares: Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares. You may purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares on any business day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open by written request via mail Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund, c/o ALPS Fund Services, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80203, by telephone at 1-833-722-6966 or through a financial intermediary. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact the financial intermediary directly. They may charge you a transaction fee for this service.

 

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The minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts are shown below. The Fund reserves the right to waive or change minimum and additional investment amounts. For a description of the Fund’s Institutional Class and Investor Class shares, see “Buying, Exchanging and Redeeming Shares.”

 

Initial Investment Minimum

 

Type of Account

Investor Class

Institutional Class

New Account

$2,000

$100,000

New Accounts with Automatic Investment Plan

$1,000

N/A

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

$2,000

$100,000

Coverdell Education Savings Accounts

$1,000

N/A

 

Subsequent Purchases Minimum

 

Type of Account

Investor Class

Institutional Class

Regular Accounts and IRAs

$100

$5,000

Automatic Investment Plan

$50 per month and/or
$100 per quarter

N/A

 

Tax Information

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividend income or section 199A dividends, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. Subsequent withdrawals from such a tax-advantaged investment plan will be subject to special tax rules.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

This section describes the investment objectives and principal investment strategies of each of the Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund and the Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund (each, a “Fund,” and collectively, the “Funds”). See “EACH FUND’S PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RELATED RISKS” in this Prospectus for more information about the Funds’ investments and the risks of investing.

 

What is each Fund’s Investment Objective?

 

The Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

The Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund’s investment objective is long-term growth of capital.

 

While there is no assurance that the Funds will achieve their investment objectives, the Funds endeavor to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.

 

The Board of Trustees (the “Board”) may change a Fund’s name, investment objectives or principal investment strategies without a shareholder vote. A Fund will notify you in writing at least sixty (60) days before making any such change. If there is a material change to a Fund’s investment objectives or principal investment strategies, you should consider whether that Fund remains an appropriate investment for you.

 

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities (primarily common stock) of domestic and foreign micro, small, and midsize growth companies with market capitalizations of less than US $5 billion at the time of purchase. At times, one type of security may make up a substantial portion of the Fund, while other types may have minimal or no representation. The Fund may invest a large percentage of its assets in a few sectors.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will typically be invested in at least three developed countries, including the U.S. The Fund may invest its assets in securities issued by foreign companies in developed countries without limit. To a lesser extent, the Fund may invest in foreign companies in emerging and frontier markets. Securities issued by companies incorporated outside the United States whose securities are principally traded in the United States are not defined as foreign companies.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 40% of its assets (30% if conditions are not favorable) in equity securities of companies tied economically to countries other than the United States. The Fund regards a company as being tied economically to a country other than the U.S. if, at the time of purchase, the company has at least 50% of its assets outside the U.S., or if at least 50% of its revenues or profits are from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed outside the U.S.

 

The Fund may invest in investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

 

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The Adviser will use a process of “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to seek to identify and invest in companies with the greatest potential for growth. The Adviser’s analysis may include studying a company’s financial statements, building proprietary financial models, visiting company facilities, and meeting with executive management, suppliers and customers.

 

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities (primarily common stock) of foreign growth companies that the Adviser believes are innovators in their respective sectors or industries.

 

Modern innovative companies have global business models that are less dependent upon their place of domicile, the location of their headquarters, or the exchange on which their stocks are listed.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will typically be invested in at least three developed countries, other than the U.S. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled in emerging and frontier markets without limitation.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 40% of its assets (30% if conditions are not favorable) in equity securities of companies tied economically to countries other than the United States. The Fund regards a company as being tied economically to a country other than the U.S. if, at the time of purchase, the company has at least 50% of its assets outside the U.S., or if at least 50% of its revenues or profits are from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed outside the U.S.

 

The Adviser will use a process of “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to invest in companies of any size. However, because innovative companies are rapidly evolving, the Adviser expects to invest a significant portion of the Fund’s assets in early stage companies and small- to mid-size companies with market capitalizations of less than US $5 billion at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest a large percentage of its assets in a few sectors.

 

The Adviser has defined two broad categories that it believes are critical to identifying companies with outstanding investment potential. The first is companies that possess valuable intellectual property. The second is companies that are innovators in their respective sectors or industries.

 

Additional information About Each Fund’s Investment Processes

 

Securities for the Funds are recommended by an experienced in-house research team. Each Fund’s portfolio manager(s) seeks to ensure that investments are compatible with the Fund’s investment objective(s) and strategies. As part of its research process, the research team uses “bottom-up” fundamental analysis to identify companies that it believes have outstanding investment potential. The research process may include, among other things, prescreening potential investments using databases and industry contacts, analyzing companies’ annual reports and financial statements, making onsite visits, meeting with top management, evaluating the competitive environment, looking at distribution channels and identifying areas of potential growth.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

Buying Securities

Decisions to buy securities are based on the best judgment of each Fund’s portfolio manager(s) in a continuing effort to enhance long-term performance. Below are factors that are considered by portfolio managers when purchasing securities for the Funds.

 

Growth Stocks. As the Adviser analyzes growing companies, the Adviser is most interested in finding:

 

 

Potential for significant and sustained revenue and earnings growth.

 

Experienced, proven management team.

 

High return on capital.

 

Sustainable competitive advantage.

 

Market leadership and/or growing market share.

 

Ability to capitalize on favorable long-term trends.

 

Strong financial health.

 

Reasonable use of debt.

 

Attractive valuation.

 

Value Stocks. As the Adviser analyzes “value” companies, the Adviser is most interested in finding:

 

 

Catalysts for improved earnings growth.

 

New products or services that may increase revenue growth and market share.

 

Experienced top management with a substantial stake in the company’s future.

 

Introduction of valuable new products and services.

 

Low stock valuation as measured by a variety of ratios, including price-to-earnings, price-to-sales, price-to-book, price-to-cash flow and enterprise value-to-EBITDA.

 

Potential to generate improved financial performance.

 

Selling Securities

Decisions to sell securities are based on the best judgment of each Fund’s portfolio manager(s) in a continuing effort to enhance long-term performance. In general, the Adviser is likely to sell a security when:

 

 

The rationale the Adviser used to buy the security is no longer valid.

 

The security becomes overpriced.

 

The Adviser believes another security has better investment potential.

 

EACH FUND’S PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RELATED RISKS

 

Each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described above under “INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES.” This section provides additional information about the principal and non-principal risks that may affect each Fund’s portfolio. Additional information about some of the Funds’ investments and portfolio management techniques and their associated risks is included in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is available without charge upon request (see back cover).

 

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What are the Principal Risks of Investing in the Funds?

 

There are inherent risks associated with each Fund’s principal investment strategies. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on a Fund’s investment portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks of each Fund are summarized in each Fund’s “Summary Section” above and further described below. The principal risk disclosure below is only applicable to a Fund if the table indicates that a particular risk factor is applicable to that Fund. The Funds may be subject to additional risks other than those described because, among other reasons, the types of investments made by the Funds may change over time. For additional information regarding risks of investing in the Funds, please see the Statement of Additional Information. It is important to read all the disclosure information provided and to understand that you may lose money by investing in the Funds.

 

 

Seven Canyons
Strategic Global Fund

Seven Canyons World
Innovators Fund

Early Stage Companies Risk

 

Emerging Markets Risk

Equity Securities Risk

Exchange Traded Funds Risk

 

Foreign Securities Risk

Frontier Markets Risk

Growth Securities Risk

High Portfolio Turnover Risk

Information Technology Risk

Investment Companies Risk

 

Market Risk

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk

 

Sector and Industry Weightings Risk

Smaller Company Stock Risk

Stock Market Risk

Stock Selection Risk

 

Early Stage Companies Risk. Early stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early stage companies may be illiquid, privately traded, and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities in general, the risks of investing in the securities of companies domiciled in emerging market countries include increased political or social instability, economies based on only a few industries, unstable currencies, runaway inflation, highly volatile and less liquid securities markets, unpredictable shifts in policies relating to foreign investments, lack of protection for investors against parties that fail to complete transactions, and the potential for government seizure of assets or nationalization of companies.

 

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities represent ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equity securities. The value of equity securities purchased by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in declines or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. The value of equity securities may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

In addition, the value may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or generally adverse investor sentiment.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds Risk. ETFs are investment companies that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. Shares of ETFs are redeemable only in larger aggregations of a specified number of shares and generally on an in-kind basis. When the Fund invests in an ETF, it will bear additional expenses based on its pro rata share of the ETF’s operating expenses. Because of the ETF expenses, it may be more costly to own the ETF than owning the underlying securities directly. In addition, the Fund will incur brokerage costs when purchasing and selling shares of ETFs. The risk of owning an ETF generally reflects the risks of the underlying securities held by the ETF and investment strategies employed by such ETF (such as the use of leverage). The market price of an ETF may also fluctuate due to the supply of, and demand for, the ETF’s shares on the exchange upon which its shares are traded and may trade at a premium or discount to its net asset value. As ETFs trade on an exchange, they are subject to the risks of any exchange-traded instrument, including: (i) an active market for its shares may not develop or be maintained, (ii) market makers or authorized participants may decide to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress, (iii) trading of its shares may be halted by the exchange, and (iv) its shares may be delisted from the exchange.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities are generally more volatile and less liquid than U.S. securities. Further, foreign securities may be subject to additional risks not associated with investments in U.S. securities. Differences in the economic and political environment, the amount of available public information, the degree of market regulation, and financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, and, in the case of foreign currency-denominated securities, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, can have a significant effect on the value of a foreign security. Additionally, certain countries may utilize formal or informal currency-exchange controls or “capital controls.” Capital controls may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investments or income. Such capital controls can also have a significant effect on the value of the Fund’s holdings. The following paragraphs highlight some of the related risks of investing in foreign securities.

 

Foreign Market Risk. Foreign securities markets may be less liquid and their prices may be more volatile than domestic markets. There also may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, brokers, custodians and listed companies than in the U.S. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery and delays may be encountered in

 

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settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may be no protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions and limited legal recourse against an issuer in the event of a default on a debt instrument.

 

Currency Risk. The U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets invested in foreign countries will be affected by foreign currency exchange rates and may be affected by exchange control regulations. A change in the value of any foreign currency will change the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated or traded in that country. In addition, a Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. While the Funds have the ability to hedge against fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, they have no present intention to do so. A risk of not hedging currencies is that if the U.S. dollar strengthens, returns from foreign markets will be less when converted into U.S. dollars. Additionally, certain countries may utilize formal or informal currency-exchange controls or “capital controls.” Capital controls may impose restrictions on a Fund’s ability to repatriate investments or income. Such capital controls can also have a significant effect on the value of a Fund’s holdings.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in countries with emerging economies and securities markets, which may have relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few industries. In some countries, there is the risk that the government could seize or nationalize companies, impose additional withholding taxes on dividends or interest income payable on securities, impose exchange controls or adopt other restrictions that could affect a Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies not publicly traded in the U.S. are not subject to accounting and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those U.S. companies must meet. In addition, there may be less information publicly available about such companies.

 

Foreign Tax Risk. A Fund’s income from foreign issuers may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. A Fund may also be subject to taxes on trading profits or on transfers of securities in some countries. To the extent foreign income taxes are paid by a Fund, shareholders may not be entitled to a credit or deduction for U.S. tax purposes.

 

Transaction Costs Risk. The costs of buying and selling foreign securities, including brokerage, tax and custody costs, are generally higher than those for domestic transactions.

 

Country/Region Risk. Social, political and economic conditions and changes in regulatory, tax, or economic policies in a country or region could significantly affect the markets in that country or region. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact the issuers of securities in different countries or regions. From time to time, a small number of companies and industries may represent a large portion of the market in a particular country or region, and these companies and industries can be sensitive to adverse social, political, economic, or regulatory developments.

 

Frontier Markets Risk. In addition to the risks of investing in foreign securities and emerging markets, frontier market securities involve unique risks, such as exposure to economies less diverse and mature than those of the U.S. or more established foreign markets. Economic or political

 

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instability may cause larger price changes in frontier market securities than in securities of issuers based in more developed foreign countries, including securities of issuers in larger emerging markets. Frontier markets generally receive less investor attention than developed markets or larger emerging markets. These risks can result in the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity.

 

Growth Securities Risk. The Fund invests in companies that the portfolio managers believe have growth potential. Securities of companies perceived to be “growth” companies may be more volatile than other stocks and may involve special risks. If the portfolio managers’ perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s returns. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market conditions, growth stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

 

High Portfolio Turnover Rate Risk. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) has the potential to result in increased brokerage transaction costs which may lower a fund’s returns. Furthermore, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in the realization by a fund, and distribution to shareholders, of a greater amount of short-term capital gains than if a fund had a low portfolio turnover rate. Distributions to shareholders of short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income under federal income tax laws. This could result in a higher tax liability and may lower an investor’s after-tax return.

 

Information Technology Risk — The Fund tends to have a higher investment concentration in the IT sector. Information Technology companies tend to significantly rely on technological events or advances in their product development, production or operations and are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technological product cycles, government regulation and competition.

 

Investment Companies Risk. The Fund may invest in the shares of other investment companies, including foreign and domestic registered and unregistered open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts and exchange-traded funds. Investing in another investment company subjects the Fund to the same risks associated with investing in the securities held by the applicable investment company and the investment strategies employed by such funds (such as the use of leverage). In addition, the benefit of investing in another investment company is largely dependent on the skill of the investment advisor of the underlying company and whether the associated fees and costs involved with investing in such company are offset by the potential gains. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses including advisory and administrative fees. Fund shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent that the Fund invests in other investment companies.

 

Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as the impact of inflation on the economy, supply chain disruptions, real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, natural disasters, war, the spread of infectious illness or other public issues, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value

 

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of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

 

Micro-Cap Company Stock Risk. The securities of micro-cap companies may be particularly volatile in price, and such securities have significantly lower trading volumes than small- or mid-cap companies. As a result, the purchase or sale of more than a limited number of shares may affect its market price. The Fund may need more time to purchase or sell its positions in such securities. Some micro-cap companies may not have much publicly available information relative to larger companies. Micro-cap companies may also have limited markets, financial resources or product lines, may lack management depth, and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.

 

Sector and Industry Weightings Risk. A Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets within one or more economic sectors. To the extent a Fund emphasizes, from time to time, investments in a particular sector, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks particular to that sector, including the sectors described below. Market conditions, interest rates, and economic, regulatory, or financial developments could significantly affect all the securities in a single sector. If the Fund invests in a few sectors, it may have increased exposure to the price movements of securities in those sectors. Additionally, the Fund’s performance may be more volatile when the Fund’s investments are focused in a particular sector. The Fund may also from time to time make significant investments in an industry or industries within a particular sector. The industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. Adverse conditions in such industry or industries could have a correspondingly adverse effect on the financial condition of issuers. These conditions may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to fluctuate more than the values of shares of funds that invest in a greater variety of investments.

 

Smaller Company Stock Risk. Small- and mid-cap stocks may be very sensitive to changing economic conditions and market downturns. In particular, the issuers of small company stocks have more narrow markets for their products and services, fewer product lines, and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger issuers. The stocks of small companies may therefore be more volatile and the ability to sell these stocks at a desirable time or price may be more limited.

 

Stock Market Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value due to movements in the overall stock market.

 

Stock Selection Risk. The Fund’s investments may decline in value even when the overall stock market is not in a general decline.

 

Additional Information about the Funds

 

Cash/Temporary Defensive Positions

 

Each Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions.

 

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For example, each Fund may temporarily increase its cash position or invest a larger portion of its assets in money market instruments or repurchase agreements. The Fund reserves the right to invest all of its assets in temporary defensive positions.

 

When a Fund takes temporary defensive positions, it may not participate in stock market advances or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested in stocks. In addition, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective(s).

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Each Fund generally intends to purchase securities for long-term investment rather than short-term gains. However, short-term transactions may result from liquidity needs, securities having reached a price or yield objective, or by reason of economic or other developments not foreseen at the time of the initial investment decision. Changes are made in a Fund’s portfolio whenever the Fund’s portfolio manager(s) believe such changes are desirable. Portfolio turnover rates are generally not a factor in making decisions to buy or sell securities.

 

To a lesser extent, a Fund may purchase securities in anticipation of relatively short-term price gains. Increased portfolio turnover may result in higher costs for brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs and may also result in taxable capital gains.

 

Cybersecurity Risk

 

Cybersecurity risk is a non-principal risk with respect to each Fund. In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Funds may be susceptible to operational, information security and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Funds’ operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Funds’ website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Funds’ systems.

 

Other Investment Strategies

 

Each Fund may use other investment strategies in addition to its principal strategies. For information about the more significant of these strategies and their risks, see “Investment Strategies and Their Risks” in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI).

 

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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio securities are described in the Funds’ SAI.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Seven Canyons Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, furnishes continuing investment supervision to the Funds and is responsible for the management of each Fund’s portfolio.

 

The Adviser’s principal address is 22 East 100 South, 3rd Floor, Salt Lake City, UT 84111.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Adviser, each Fund pays the Adviser an annual management fee for each Fund based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The following table reflects each Fund’s contractual investment advisory fee rate and net advisory fee actually earned after waiver during the most recent fiscal year, each expressed as an annual rate.

 

Fund

Contractual
Advisory Fee
(%)(annual rate)

Net Advisory Fee
(%)(annual rate)

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund

0.70%

0.36%

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund

1.50%

1.40%

 

The management fee is paid on a monthly basis. The current term of the Advisory Agreement is one year. The Board may extend the Advisory Agreement for additional one-year terms. The Board and shareholders of the Funds may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon thirty (30) days’ notice. The Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ notice. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement was provided in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended March 31, 2023.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to limit the amount of each Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of interest, dividend expense on short sales/interest expense, taxes, brokerage commissions, other investment related costs, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business) to an annual rate, as set out below, of such Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Fund

Contractual
Fee Waiver

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund

1.40%

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund – Investor Class

1.70%

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund – Institutional Class

1.60%

 

This agreement is in effect through at least January 31, 2025, and will automatically continue upon annual approval by the board for successive twelve-month periods unless (i) it is terminated earlier by the Board of Trustees, or (ii) the Adviser provides at least 30 days written notice of its non-

 

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continuance prior to the end of the then effective term. The Adviser will be permitted to recover, with respect to a Fund, on a class-by-class basis, expenses it has borne through the agreement (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) only to the extent that the applicable Fund’s expenses in later periods do not exceed the lesser of (1) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser waives or limits the expenses or (2) the contractual expense limit in effect at the time the Adviser seeks to recover the expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any such deferred fees or expenses more than three years after the date on which the fee and expense was reduced, as calculated on a monthly basis.

 

THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The portfolio managers are primarily and jointly responsible for the day-to-day investment and reinvestment of the Funds’ assets.

 

Information about the portfolio managers, including information about the portfolio managers’ business experience, appears below. More information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds is included in the SAI.

 

Fund

Portfolio Manager(s)

Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund

Spencer Stewart Andrey Kutuzov

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund

Spencer Stewart Andrey Kutuzov

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

PAST 5 YEARS’ BUSINESS EXPERIENCE

Spencer Stewart

Spencer Stewart is a portfolio manager and founding partner of Seven Canyons Advisors. Before Seven Canyons, he was a senior research analyst and a portfolio manager at Grandeur Peak Funds where he managed the Grandeur Peak Emerging Opportunities Fund (2013 – 2017), in the Diversified Emerging Markets category, the Grandeur Peak International Opportunities Fund (2015-2016), and the Grandeur Peak Global Reach Fund (2013-2015). Mr. Stewart was previously a research analyst at Wasatch Advisors and an analyst at Sidoti & Company in New York, a small cap stock institutional brokerage firm.

Andrey Kutuzov

Andrey Kutuzov has been a portfolio manager at Seven Canyons since February 2020. Before Seven Canyons, Andrey was a portfolio manager and a senior analyst at Wasatch Advisors. At Wasatch Advisors, he co-managed the Wasatch Emerging Markets Small Cap fund from January 2014 to February 2020. Andrey is also a CFA® charter holder and has worked as a CPA for Deloitte audit practice. He has an MBA and a Masters of Accounting from University of Wisconsin – Madison.

 

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ADMINISTRATOR, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT OF THE FUNDS

 

ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (the “Administrator” or the “Transfer Agent”) serves as the Funds’ administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent. ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ADI” or the “Distributor”) serves as the Funds’ distributor.

 

BUYING, EXCHANGING, AND REDEEMING SHARES

 

The Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund offers Investor Class shares. The Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund currently offers Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares. Each share class of a Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities of such Fund, but each share class has its own expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. When you purchase shares of the Funds, you must choose a share class.

 

Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:

 

 

how long you expect to own the shares;

 

how much you intend to invest; and

 

total expenses associated with owning shares of each class.

 

Investment Minimums

 

Investor Class

 

The minimum initial investment for Investor Class shares is $2,000 for each account (including for opening IRA accounts), or $1,000 to open a Coverdell Education Savings Account or if an Automatic Investment Program is established.

 

Other than the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains, the minimum for subsequent purchases in regular and IRA accounts is $100. The minimum for subsequent purchases via the automatic investment plan is $50 monthly and/or $100 quarterly.

 

Institutional Class

 

Institutional Class shares are offered to all types of investors, provided that the investor meets the minimum investment threshold for Institutional Class shares. The minimum initial investment for Institutional Class shares, including IRAs, is $100,000. Other than the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains, there is a $5,000 minimum for subsequent purchases. These minimums may be waived for accounts held in qualified retirement or profit sharing plans opened through a third-party service provider or record keeper and/or omnibus accounts established by financial intermediaries. Investors and/or Registered Investment Advisors (RIAs) and Broker-Dealers may generally meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating multiple accounts with common ownership or discretionary control within a Fund.

 

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Each Fund reserves the right to waive or lower investment minimums for any reason. Moreover, each Fund may waive minimum investment amounts in Institutional Class shares with respect to investments by the Trust’s officers or its Trustees.

 

Types of Account Ownership

 

Individual or Joint Ownership

Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts have two or more owners.

 

Trust

An established trust can open an account. The names of each trustee, the name of the trust and the date of the trust agreement must be included on the application.

 

Business Accounts

Corporations and partnerships may also open an account. The application must be signed by an authorized officer of the corporation or a general partner of the partnership.

 

Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) – Investor Class Only

A Coverdell ESA is an account created as an incentive to help parents and students save for education expenses.

 

Tax-Advantaged Accounts

Please refer to the account application for specific requirements to open and maintain an account. Certain tax-advantaged accounts can only be opened and maintained via written request. Please contact a shareholder services representative for more information.

 

Traditional and Roth IRAs

Both traditional and Roth IRAs allow most individuals with earned income to contribute up to the lesser of $5,500 or 100% of compensation.

 

Simple IRA

A SIMPLE IRA allows employees and employers to contribute to traditional IRAs set up for employees.

 

Simplified Employee Pension (“SEP”) IRA

A SEP IRA allows small business owners (including sole proprietors) to make tax deductible contributions for themselves and any eligible employee(s). A SEP requires an IRA to be set up for each SEP participant.

 

There is an annual pass through IRA maintenance fee of $10.00 that is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis. The fee is capped at $25.00 per social security number, per account type. This fee may be paid by the Adviser.

 

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Please call a shareholder services representative for more complete information regarding the different types of IRAs available.

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries and Other Arrangements

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into arrangements to make payments for additional activities to select financial intermediaries intended to result in the sale of Fund shares and/or other shareholder servicing activities out of the Adviser’s own resources (which may include profits from providing advisory services to each Fund). These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments” and the revenue sharing payment amount generally vary by financial intermediary. The aggregate amount of the revenue sharing payments is determined by the Adviser and may be substantial. Revenue sharing payments create no additional cost to each Fund or its applicable shareholders.

 

Revenue sharing payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of a Fund to you, rather than shares of another mutual fund. Please contact your financial intermediary’s investment professional for details about revenue sharing payments it may be receiving.

 

Networking, Sub-Accounting and Administrative Fees

 

Select financial intermediaries may enter into arrangements with each Fund, or its designees, to perform certain shareholder servicing activities such as networking, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and/or administrative services for shareholders of each Fund. These activities are routinely processed through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Fund/SERV and Trust Networking systems or similar systems. In consideration for providing these services in an automated environment, such financial intermediaries may receive compensation from each Fund.

 

Buying Shares

 

In order to buy, exchange, or redeem shares at that day’s net asset value, you must place your order with a Fund or its agent before the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) closes (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes early, you must place your order prior to the actual closing time. Orders received by financial intermediaries prior to the close of trading on the NYSE will be confirmed at the offering price computed as of the close of the trading on the NYSE. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to ensure that all orders are transmitted in a timely manner to the Fund. Otherwise, you will receive the next business day’s net asset value.

 

Investors may purchase, exchange or redeem shares of the Funds directly or through retirement plans, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors or other financial intermediaries. Shares made available through full service broker-dealers may be available through wrap accounts under which such broker-dealers impose additional fees for services connected to the wrap account. Contact your financial intermediary or refer to your plan documents for instructions on how to purchase or redeem shares.

 

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Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through a broker or agent. The Funds have authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s the net asset value next computed after they are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.

 

There is an annual pass through IRA and Coverdell Education Savings Account maintenance fee of $10.00 that is charged by the IRA custodian on a per-account basis. This fee may be paid by the Adviser at the Adviser’s discretion.

 

With certain limited exceptions, the Funds are available only to U.S. citizens or residents.

 

The Funds will generally accept purchases only in U.S. dollars drawn from U.S. financial institutions. Cashier’s checks, third party checks, money orders, credit card convenience checks, cash or equivalents or payments in foreign currencies are not acceptable forms of payment. You may also contact the Funds to request a purchase of Fund shares using securities you own. The Funds reserve the right to refuse or accept such requests in whole or in part.

 

The Funds do not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agent. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at a Fund’s post office box, of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Fund.

 

Redeeming Shares

 

Redemptions, like purchases, may generally be effected only through retirement plans, broker-dealers, financial intermediaries and directly through the Funds. Please contact the Fund, your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the redemption of shares.

 

Each Fund has the right to suspend or postpone redemptions of shares for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (ii) during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; or (iii) during which (as determined by the SEC by rule or regulation) an emergency exists as a result of which disposal or valuation of portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

 

By Systematic Redemption

 

This program allows you to sell shares worth a specific dollar amount from your Fund account on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. The minimum systematic redemption is $50. Although there is no charge to shareholders for using this systematic withdrawal plan, your Fund account balance must be at least $10,000 at the time you begin participation in the plan. If no date is specified on your request, systematic redemptions will be made on or about the 15th of each month. If the day falls on a weekend or legal holiday, the distribution will be made on the next business day. You may terminate the systematic withdrawal plan at any time without charge or penalty. If the

 

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balance in the Fund account you are selling from falls to zero, your systematic withdrawal plan will be discontinued. If your balance is below the systematic withdrawal amount, the entire balance will be distributed and the plan will be discontinued. A Fund may terminate or modify the plan after 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

 

Redemption Payments

 

In all cases, your redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after your request is received in good order. “Good order” means that your redemption request includes: (i) the Funds’ name and account number; (ii) the amount of the transaction in dollars or shares; (iii) signatures of you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; (iv) any certificates you are holding for the account; and (v) any supporting legal documentation that may be required.

 

Redemption proceeds typically will be sent within one to two business days but may take up to seven days. However, if you recently purchased your shares by check, your redemption proceeds will not be sent to you until your original check clears, which may take up to 10 days. The Funds typically pay redemptions from cash, cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, from the sale of portfolio securities, and/or the use of a line of credit. These redemption payment methods are expected to be used in regular and stressed market conditions.

 

Your redemption proceeds can be sent by check to your address of record or by wire transfer to a bank account designated on your application. Your bank may charge you a fee for wire transfers. Any request that your redemption proceeds be sent to a destination other than your bank account or address of record must be in writing and must include a Medallion signature guarantee. Please call 1-833-722-6966 for information on obtaining a Medallion signature guarantee.

 

The Funds are not responsible for losses or fees resulting from posting delays or non-receipt of redemption payments at your bank, when shareholder payment instructions are followed.

 

Redemptions In-Kind

 

Each Fund reserves the right to make a payment in securities rather than cash. If a Fund deems it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders that a redemption payment wholly or partly in-kind would be in the best interests of a Fund’s remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund. If a Fund decides to redeem in-kind, the redeeming shareholder will generally receive pro-rata shares of the Fund’s portfolio. A redemption in-kind could occur under extraordinary circumstances, such as a very large redemption that could affect a Fund’s operations (for example, more than 1% of a Fund’s net assets). However, a Fund is required to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of a Fund during any 90-calendar day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the Funds will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. Securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as described in “How Fund Shares are Priced” below. A shareholder may pay brokerage charges on the sale of any securities

 

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received as a result of a redemption in-kind. Redemptions in-kind are taxed to a redeeming shareholder for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as cash redemptions. Securities received in a redemption in-kind are subject to market risk until sold.

 

Small Account Balances/Mandatory Redemptions

 

The Funds have a $1,000 account minimum, except Coverdell accounts which have a $100 minimum. The Funds may require mandatory redemption of shares in accounts that fall below the minimum requirement. The Funds may also adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances, such as to comply with new regulatory requirements.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantees

 

Each Fund requires a Medallion signature guarantee on any written redemption over $100,000 (but may require additional documentation or a Medallion signature guarantee on any redemption request to help protect against fraud) or for certain types of transfer requests or account registration changes. A Medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association or other financial institution that is participating in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three “recognized” medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and NYSE, Inc. Medallion Signature Program (NYSE MSP). Please call 1-833-722-6966 for information on obtaining a Medallion signature guarantee.

 

Redemption Fees

 

If you sell your shares after holding them 60 days or less, a 2% short-term redemption fee may be deducted from the redemption amount. For this purpose, shares held longest will be treated as being redeemed first and shares held shortest as being redeemed last. The fees are paid to the Funds and are designed to help offset the brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term shareholder trading.

 

The short-term redemption fee does not apply to: (i) redemptions of shares acquired by reinvesting dividends and distributions; (ii) rollovers, transfers and changes of account registration within a Fund as long as the money never leaves the Fund; and (iii) redemptions in-kind.

 

In addition:

 

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed through a systematic withdrawal plan.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed from shareholder accounts liquidated for failure to meet the minimum investment requirement.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed from a shareholder account for which the identity of the shareholder, for purposes of complying with anti-money laundering laws, could not be determined within a reasonable time after the account was opened.

 

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The redemption fee does not apply in the event of any involuntary redemption and/or exchange transactions, including, for example, those required by law or regulation, a regulatory agency, a court order, or as a result of the liquidation of a Fund by its Board of Trustees.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed through an automatic, non-discretionary rebalancing or asset allocation program.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed due to a disability as defined by the IRS requirements.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares redeemed due to death for shares transferred from a decedent’s account to a beneficiary’s account.

 

The redemption fee does not apply in the event of a back-office correction made to an account to provide the shareholder with the intended transaction.

 

The redemption fee does not apply in the event of the following transactions: a distribution from a defined contribution terminated employee account, a plan distribution of non-vested participant balance in a defined contribution account, a distribution from a defined contribution plan to provide a participant with a loan against the account, or an amount contributed to a defined contribution plan exceeding the maximum annual contribution limit.

 

The redemption fee does not apply to shares gifted from one shareholder account to another shareholder account, assuming the age of the gifted shares is greater than 60 days.

 

The redemption fee may be waived for certain wrap accounts and for certain omnibus accounts held by financial intermediaries whose systems are unable to assess the redemption fee and certain employer-sponsored retirement accounts (including certain 401(k) and other types of defined contribution or employee benefit plans).

 

Certain other transactions as deemed appropriate by the Adviser and the Fund.

 

The redemption fee assessed by certain financial intermediaries that have omnibus accounts in the Fund, including employer-sponsored retirement accounts, may be calculated using methodologies that differ from those utilized by Funds’ transfer agent. Such differences are typically attributable to system design differences and are unrelated to the investment in the Fund. These system differences are not intended or expected to facilitate market timing or frequent trading.

 

The Funds reserve the right to modify or eliminate the short-term redemption fee or waivers at any time. Investment advisers or their affiliates may pay short-term redemption fees on behalf of investors in managed accounts. Unitized group accounts consisting of qualified plan assets may be treated as a single account for redemption fee purposes.

 

Exchanging Shares

If you have held your shares in a Fund for at least seven days, you may exchange those shares for shares (of a corresponding share class) of the other Fund if such Fund is available for sale in your state and meets the investment criteria of the investor:

 

Any new account established through an exchange will be subject to all minimum requirements applicable to the shares acquired. The exchange privilege may only be exercised in those states where the class of shares being acquired legally may be sold. If you are an existing shareholder of either Fund, you may exchange into a new account copying your existing account registration and

 

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options. Exchanges between accounts will be accepted only if registrations are identical. For a Fund or Funds with multiple classes, you may also transfer between classes of a Fund if you meet the minimum investment requirements for the class into which you would like to transfer.

 

By Telephone

For an existing account, you may exchange shares in your account in amounts up to $50,000 by contacting your Fund directly by telephone at 1-833-7-CANYON (1-833-722-6966).

 

By Broker/Intermediary

Exchanges, like purchases and redemptions, may also be effected through retirement plans, broker-dealers and financial intermediaries. Please contact your financial intermediary or refer to the appropriate plan documents for details. Your financial intermediary may charge a processing or service fee in connection with the exchange of shares.

 

Additional Information About Exchanges

An exchange represents the sale of shares from one Seven Canyon Fund within the Trust and the purchase of shares of another Seven Canyon Fund within the Trust. Under U.S. federal income tax law, the sale of shares of the first Fund is treated as a redemption, and may produce a taxable gain or loss in your non-tax-advantaged account. Transfers between classes of a single Fund are generally not taxable transactions. Certain significant holders of Fund shares are required to provide information concerning such a nontaxable exchange on their federal income tax returns for the year of the exchange. See the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES-Special Tax Considerations - Transfers between Classes of a Single Fund.”

 

The exchange privilege may be modified or terminated upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Although initially there will be no limit on the number of times you may exercise the exchange privilege, each Fund reserves the right to impose such a limitation. Call or write the Funds for further details.

 

SHARE TRANSACTIONS

 

Share Certificates

 

The Funds do not issue share certificates.

 

Frequent Purchases and Sales of Fund Shares

 

The Funds do not permit market timing or other abusive trading practices. Each Fund reserves the right, but does not have the obligation, to reject any purchase transaction at any time. In addition, each Fund reserves the right to suspend its offering of shares or to impose restrictions on purchases at any time that are more restrictive than those that are otherwise stated in this Prospectus with respect to disruptive, excessive or short-term trading.

 

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Excessive short-term trading or other abusive trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs and hurt Fund performance. The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions and to seek to prevent market timing. To minimize harm to the Funds and their shareholders, each Fund reserves the right to reject, in its sole discretion, any purchase order from any investor it believes has a history of abusive trading or whose trading, in its judgment, has been or may be disruptive to the Fund. Such disruption may include trading that may interfere with the efficient management of the Fund, may materially increase a Fund’s transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes, or may otherwise be detrimental to the interests of a Fund and its shareholders. Each Fund may also refuse purchase transactions from Fund intermediaries it believes may be facilitating or have facilitated abusive trading practices. In making this judgment, a Fund may consider trading done in multiple accounts under common ownership or control.

 

On a periodic basis, each Fund or its agents may review transaction history reports to identify redemptions that are within a specific time period from a previous purchase in the same account(s) in the Fund, or in multiple accounts that are known to be under common control. Redemptions meeting the criteria will be investigated for possible inappropriate trading.

 

Certain accounts, in particular omnibus accounts, include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. In these cases, purchases and redemptions of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identity of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated may not be known by the Fund. Therefore, it becomes more difficult for a Fund to identify market timing or other abusive trading activities in these accounts, and the Funds may be unable to eliminate abusive traders in these accounts from the Fund. Further, identification of abusive traders may also be limited by operational systems and technical limitations. To the extent abusive or disruptive trading is identified, each Fund will encourage omnibus account intermediaries to address such trading activity in a manner consistent with how the Funds would address such activity directly, if it were able to do so.

 

Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying market timing and other abusive trading practices, there can be no assurance that the Funds’ efforts will identify all market timing or abusive trading activities. Therefore, investors should not assume that the Funds will be able to detect or prevent all practices that may disadvantage the Funds.

 

Verification of Shareholder Transaction Statements

 

You must contact the Funds in writing regarding any errors or discrepancies within 60 days after the date of the statement confirming a transaction. A Fund may deny your ability to refute a transaction if it does not hear from you within 60 days after the confirmation statement date.

 

Non-receipt of Purchase Wire/Insufficient Funds Policy

 

The Funds reserve the right to cancel a purchase if the check or electronic funds transfer does not clear your bank, or if a wire is not received by settlement date. A Fund may charge a fee for insufficient funds and you may be responsible for any fees imposed by your bank and any losses that the Funds may incur as a result of the canceled purchase.

 

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How Fund Shares are Priced

 

The Board of Trustees has approved procedures to be used to value the Fund’s assets for the purposes of determining the Fund’s net asset value. The valuation of the assets of the Fund is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Adviser as the valuation designee selected by the Board.

 

The Fund generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day (Monday through Friday). The Fund will not value its securities on any day that the NYSE is closed, including the following observed holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). For equity securities that are traded on an exchange, the market price is usually the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if such closing prices are not otherwise available, the market price is typically determined by independent third-party pricing vendors using a variety of pricing techniques and methodologies. The market price for debt obligations is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined by the valuation designee that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers-dealers that make a market in the security.

 

When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Adviser believes that they are unreliable, securities may be priced using fair value procedures approved by the Board. The Funds may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, a Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before a Fund values its securities.

 

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which a Fund determines its net asset value.

 

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Customer Identification Program

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires each Fund or its agents to obtain certain personal information from you (or persons acting on your behalf) in order to verify your (or such person’s) identity when you open an account, including name, address, date of birth and other information (which may include certain documents) that will allow the Transfer Agent to verify your identity. If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identification information of the beneficial owner(s) or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. If this information is not provided, the Transfer Agent may not be able to open your account. If the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity (or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf) shortly after your account is opened, or believes it has identified potential criminal activity, the Funds, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent each reserve the right to reject further purchase orders from you or to take such other action as they deem reasonable or required by law, including closing your account and redeeming your shares at their net asset value at the time of redemption.

 

If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, business trust, limited liability company, corporation, etc.), you may be required to supply the identity of the beneficial owner or controlling person(s) of the legal entity prior to the opening of your account. The Fund may request additional information about you (which may include certain documents, such as articles of incorporation for companies) to help the Transfer Agent verify your identity.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Income Dividends. Income dividends are derived from net investment income (i.e., interest and other income, less any related expenses) each Fund earns from its portfolio securities and other investments.

 

It is intended that substantially all of the Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund’s net investment income (income less expenses) will be distributed quarterly as dividends to shareholders. For the World Innovators Fund, it is intended that substantially all of such Fund’s net investment income (income less expenses), if any, will be distributed at least annually as dividends to shareholders.

 

Capital Gain Distributions. Capital gain distributions are derived from gains realized when a Fund sells a portfolio security. Long-term capital gains are derived from gains realized when a Fund sells a portfolio security it has owned for more than one year, and short-term capital gains are derived from gains realized when a portfolio security was owned for one year or less. The Funds intend to net realized capital gains to shareholders annually.

 

Reinvested in Shares or Paid in Cash. Dividends and distributions are reinvested in additional Fund shares unless you instruct the Transfer Agent to have your dividends and/or distributions paid by check and mailed to the address of record or transferred through an Automated Clearing House to the bank of your choice. You can change your choice at any time to be effective as of the next dividend or distribution, except that any change given to the Transfer Agent less than five days before the payment date will not be effective until the next dividend or distribution is

 

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Seven Canyons Funds

 

made. Distribution checks will only be issued for payments greater than $25.00. Distributions will automatically be reinvested in shares of the fund(s) generating the distribution if under $25.00. Un-cashed distribution checks will be canceled and proceeds reinvested at the then current net asset value, for any shareholder who chooses to receive distributions in cash, if distribution checks: (1) are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or (2) remain un-cashed for six months after the date of issuance. If distribution checks are canceled and reinvested, your account election may also be changed so that all future distributions are reinvested rather than paid in cash. Interest will not accrue on uncashed distribution checks.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

 

The following information is a general summary of U.S. federal income tax consequences of investments in the Funds for U.S. persons only, which include (i) U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) corporations organized in the United States or under the law of the United States or any state, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation of its source; or (iv) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. Shareholders that are partnerships or nonresident aliens, foreign trusts or estates, or foreign corporations may be subject to different U.S. federal income tax treatment. If an entity treated as a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes (including an entity classified as a partnership or S corporation for federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of Fund shares, the tax treatment of an owner in the pass-through entity will generally depend upon the status of the owner and the activities of the entity. You should rely on your own tax adviser for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences regarding your investment in the Funds.

 

This discussion assumes that the Funds will qualify under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue of 1986, as amended as regulated investment companies. There can be no guarantee that this assumption will be correct. If a Fund qualifies under Subchapter M as a regulated investment company, it will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent that it distributes substantially all of its net investment income and any net capital gains (in excess of any capital loss carryovers).

 

The Funds expect to distribute substantially all of their ordinary income and net capital gain (in excess of any capital loss carryovers) to their shareholders every year. In turn, shareholders will be taxed on distributions they receive, unless the shares are held by certain types of tax-exempt organizations or through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plan accounts or individual retirement accounts), in which event special rules will apply.

 

Income Dividends and Capital Gains.

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders of a Fund are generally subject to taxation based on the underlying character of the income and gain recognized by the Fund and distributed to the shareholders. Distributions properly reported as net capital gain of a Fund will be taxable to Fund

 

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shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long shares of a Fund are held. A Fund may realize long-term capital gain or loss when it sells or redeems a security that it has owned for more than one year.

 

Generally, distributions of earnings derived from ordinary income and short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Certain Fund distributions will generally be taxable as “qualified dividend income” taxable to individual and other non-corporate shareholders at the same lower tax rate applicable to net long-term capital gains, provided that the shareholder receiving the dividend satisfies certain holding period requirements for his or her Fund shares, the Fund satisfies holding period requirements for its investments in the stock producing such dividends, and other requirements are met. The amount of distributions from a Fund that will be eligible for the “qualified dividend income” lower tax rate, however, cannot exceed the amount of dividends received by a Fund that are qualified dividends (i.e., dividends from U.S. corporations or certain qualifying foreign corporations). Thus, to the extent that dividends from a Fund are attributable to other sources, such as taxable interest, fees from securities lending transactions, certain distributions from real estate investment trusts, income from foreign-currency transactions or short-term capital gains, such dividends generally will be taxed as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the lower rate.

 

Some of a Fund’s investments, such as certain option transactions, may be “section 1256 contracts.” Section 1256 contracts owned by a Fund generally will be treated for income tax purposes as if sold for their fair market values (i.e., “marked to market”) on an annual basis and resulting gains or losses generally will be treated as 60% long-term capital gains or losses and 40% short-term capital gains or losses.

 

The Funds may be eligible to pay “section 199A dividends” for taxable years beginning before 2026, to their shareholders with respect to qualified dividends received with respect to investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). Distributions paid by a Fund that are eligible to be treated as section 199A dividends for a taxable year may not exceed the “qualified REIT dividends” received by the Fund from REITs for the year reduced by the Fund’s allocable expenses. Section 199A dividends may be taxed to individual and other non-corporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided that certain holding period requirements are met by the Fund and the shareholder and certain other conditions are satisfied. For more information, see the discussion in the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES – Real Estate Investment Trusts.”

 

A Fund’s investments in options and other derivatives (such as futures contracts and swaps) may change the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. Such investments will be subject to special tax rules, which may accelerate taxable income to a Fund, shorten the holding period of the Fund’s securities, convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses, or convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains resulting in distributions taxable as ordinary income to shareholders.

 

Fund distributions of earnings and gains are taxable to shareholders regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares, and even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund prior to the shareholder’s investment and thus were included in the price paid for the shares. Thus, a shareholder who purchases shares on or just before the record date of a Fund distribution will pay full price for the shares and may receive a portion of his or her investment back

 

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as a taxable distribution. While in effect a return of capital to the shareholder, the distribution is still taxable even though the shareholder did not participate in these gains. An investor can avoid this by investing soon after a Fund has made a distribution.

 

Fund dividends paid to shareholders that are C corporations may be eligible for a 50% corporate dividends-received deduction to the extent that such dividends are attributable to qualifying dividends received from U.S. domestic corporations, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations.

 

Any distributions on, sales, exchanges or redemptions of, shares held in an IRA (or other tax-advantaged plan) are generally not currently taxable.

 

Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares.

 

Shareholders of a Fund will recognize taxable gain or loss on a sale or redemption of shares of the applicable Fund, or an exchange of shares of one Fund for shares of another Fund, based on the difference between the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares disposed of and the amount received for them. Generally, this gain or loss will be long-term if the shareholder’s holding period for the shares disposed of exceeds 12 months, except that any loss realized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends that were received on the shares. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

Any loss realized on a disposition of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares of the same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of a Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.

 

Cost-basis reporting. If Fund shares were purchased on or after January 1, 2012, the Funds (or the Fund’s administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to Fund shareholders the cost basis and holding period information for Fund shares subsequently sold or redeemed. The Funds are required to report the gross proceeds from the sale of all Fund shares, regardless of when they were purchased. These requirements do not apply to investments through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement plan. If a shareholder does not make an election among the available IRS-accepted cost basis methods, the Funds will use a default cost basis method for the shareholder. The cost basis method elected or applied may not be changed after the settlement date of a sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers concerning the most desirable IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation.

 

Medicare Surtax. A Medicare surtax of 3.8% will be imposed on net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Funds and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and certain trusts to the extent that such person’s gross income as adjusted exceeds a threshold amount. Any liability for this additional tax will be reported on, and paid with, the shareholder’s federal income tax return.

 

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Backup Withholding. A shareholder of a Fund may be subject to backup withholding on any distributions of income, capital gains, or proceeds from the sale or exchange of Fund shares if the shareholder (i) has provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no such number, (ii) is identified by the IRS as otherwise subject to backup withholding, or (iii) has failed to certify that the shareholder is a U.S. person not subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding rate is currently 24% for tax years beginning before 2026.

 

Foreign Taxes. The Funds may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest and certain capital gains earned from their foreign security investments. A shareholder may be ineligible for any offsetting tax credit or tax deduction under U.S. tax laws for the shareholder’s portion of a Fund’s foreign tax obligations.

 

Annual Notifications. Each year, the Funds will notify shareholders of the tax status of dividends and distributions.

 

State and Local Income Taxes. Shareholders may also be subject to state and local income taxes on distributions and redemptions.

 

For more information, see the SAI under “FEDERAL INCOME TAXES.” Investors should consult with their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the financial performance of the Funds for each fiscal period shown. Please note that the financial highlights information in the following table represents financial highlights of the Funds through September 30 of each fiscal period shown below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned on an investment in the Funds (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd. (“Cohen”), the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. Cohen’s report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, is included in its annual report, which is available upon request and free of charge by calling the Funds at 1-833-722-6966.

 

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Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund - Investor Class

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Years Presented

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2023

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2022

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2021

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2020

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2019

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 9.52     $ 17.15     $ 11.45     $ 12.05     $ 12.74  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment income(a)

    0.06       0.04       0.17       0.23       0.34  

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.18       (5.06 )     5.73       (0.41 )     (0.62 )

Total from investment operations

    1.24       (5.02 )     5.90       (0.18 )     (0.28 )
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From net investment income

    (0.66 )           (0.20 )     (0.17 )     (0.41 )

From net realized gains on investments

          (2.61 )           (0.23 )      

Tax return of capital

                      (0.02 )      

Total Distributions

    (0.66 )     (2.61 )     (0.20 )     (0.42 )     (0.41 )

REDEMPTION FEES

    0.00 (b)      0.00 (b)      0.00 (b)      0.00 (b)      0.00 (b) 

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    0.58       (7.63 )     5.70       (0.60 )     (0.69 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 10.10     $ 9.52     $ 17.15     $ 11.45     $ 12.05  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(c)

    12.90 %     (34.67 %)     51.66 %     (1.60 %)     (2.09 %)
                                         

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 21,197     $ 21,668     $ 50,946     $ 27,217     $ 34,447  
                                         

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.59 %     1.47 %     1.29 %     1.46 %     1.31 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.25 %(d)     0.95 %     0.95 %     0.95 %     0.95 %

Net investment income including reimbursement/waiver

    0.57 %     0.34 %     1.11 %     2.09 %     2.85 %
                                         

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    102 %     77 %     90 %     128 %     50 %

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

Assumes an initial investment on the business day before the first day of the fiscal period, with all dividends and distributions reinvested in additional shares on the reinvestment date, and redemption at the net asset value calculated on the last business day of the fiscal period. Total returns are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the period. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

(d)

Prior to February 1, 2023, the Adviser had contractually agreed to limit the amount of Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to an annual rate of 0.95% of the fund’s average daily net assets.

 

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Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund - Investor Class

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Years Presented

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2023

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2022

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2021

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2020

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2019

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.37     $ 25.50     $ 24.32     $ 15.97     $ 22.59  
                                         

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.06 )     (0.22 )     (0.38 )     (0.20 )     (0.05 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.62       (11.28 )     3.88       8.65       (2.04 )

Total from investment operations

    1.56       (11.50 )     3.50       8.45       (2.09 )
                                         

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From net realized gains on investments

          (3.62 )     (2.33 )     (0.10 )     (4.53 )

Return of capital

          (0.01 )                  

Total Distributions

          (3.63 )     (2.33 )     (0.10 )     (4.53 )

REDEMPTION FEES

    0.00 (b)      0.00 (b)      0.01       0.00 (b)      0.00 (b) 

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    1.56       (15.13 )     1.18       8.35       (6.62 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 11.93     $ 10.37     $ 25.50     $ 24.32     $ 15.97  
                                         

TOTAL RETURN(c)

    15.04 %     (51.87 %)     13.92 %     53.12 %     (7.13 %)
                                         

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 56,289     $ 64,684     $ 204,662     $ 149,179     $ 111,449  
                                         

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.85 %     1.94 %     1.88 %     2.02 %     1.94 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 %

Net investment (loss) including reimbursement/waiver

    (0.51 %)     (1.30 %)     (1.39 %)     (1.12 %)     (0.30 %)
                                         

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    114 %     62 %     101 %     176 %     136 %

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

Assumes an initial investment on the business day before the first day of the fiscal period, with all dividends and distributions reinvested in additional shares on the reinvestment date, and redemption at the net asset value calculated on the last business day of the fiscal period. Total returns are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the period. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

 

Prospectus | February 1, 2024

45

 

 

Seven Canyons Funds

 

Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund - Institutional Class

 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout the Years Presented

 

 

 

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2023

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2022

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2021

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2020

   

For the
Year Ended
September 30,
2019

 

NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

  $ 10.62     $ 25.98     $ 24.69     $ 16.18     $ 22.78  

 

                                       

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:

                                       

Net investment loss(a)

    (0.04 )     (0.19 )     (0.32 )     (0.20 )     (0.02 )

Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments

    1.66       (11.54 )     3.93       8.81       (2.05 )

Total from investment operations

    1.62       (11.73 )     3.61       8.61       (2.07 )

 

                                       

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS:

                                       

From net realized gains on investments

          (3.62 )     (2.33 )     (0.10 )     (4.53 )

Return from capital

          (0.01 )                  

Total Distributions

          (3.63 )     (2.33 )     (0.10 )     (4.53 )

REDEMPTION FEES

    0.00 (b)      0.00 (b)      0.01       0.00 (b)      0.00 (b) 

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET ASSET VALUE

    1.62       (15.36 )     1.29       8.51       (6.60 )

NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD

  $ 12.24     $ 10.62     $ 25.98     $ 24.69     $ 16.18  

 

                                       

TOTAL RETURN(c)

    15.25 %     (51.79 %)     14.17 %     53.42 %     (6.96 %)
                                         

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

                                       

Net assets, end of period (in 000s)

  $ 31,174     $ 29,931     $ 93,312     $ 37,373     $ 6,553  

 

                                       

RATIOS TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS

                                       

Operating expenses excluding reimbursement/waiver

    1.91 %     1.94 %     1.88 %     1.97 %     1.94 %

Operating expenses including reimbursement/waiver

    1.55 %     1.55 %     1.55 %     1.55 %     1.55 %

Net investment (loss) including reimbursement/waiver

    (0.30 %)     (1.09 %)     (1.17 %)     (1.01 %)     (0.10 %)
                                         

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE

    114 %     62 %     101 %     176 %     136 %

 

(a)

Calculated using the average shares method.

(b)

Less than $0.005 per share.

(c)

Assumes an initial investment on the business day before the first day of the fiscal period, with all dividends and distributions reinvested in additional shares on the reinvestment date, and redemption at the net asset value calculated on the last business day of the fiscal period. Total returns are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been waived during the period. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.

 

46

1-833-722-6966 | www.sevencanyonsadvisors.com

 

 

 

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Shareholder Reports

 

Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders provide additional information about the Funds’ investments. These reports discuss the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during its last fiscal year or period.

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

The Statement of Additional Information provides more detailed information about the Fund. It is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

Householding Relationships

 

The Funds send only one report to a household if more than one account has the same address. Contact the Transfer Agent if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

 

How to Obtain Additional Information

 

You can obtain shareholder reports or the statement of additional information (without charge), make inquiries or request other information about the Funds by contacting the Transfer Agent at 1-833-722-6966, by writing the Funds at Seven Canyons Strategic Global Fund or Seven Canyons World Innovators Fund, P.O. Box 1920, Denver, CO 80201, or by calling your financial consultant. This information is also available free of charge on the Funds’ website at www.sevencanyonsadvisors.com.

 

The Funds’ shareholder reports, prospectus and statement of additional information and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the Commission’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: [email protected].

 

 

If someone makes a statement about the Funds that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the Funds nor the Distributor is offering to sell shares of the Funds to any person to whom the Funds may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811-22747)